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Rao D, Yadav S, Choudhary R, Singh D, Bhardwaj R, Barthakur S, Yadav SK. Silicic and Humic Acid Priming Improves Micro- and Macronutrient Uptake, Salinity Stress Tolerance, Seed Quality, and Physio-Biochemical Parameters in Lentil ( Lens culinaris spp. culinaris). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3539. [PMID: 37896003 PMCID: PMC10609776 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Lentil is an important grain legume crop which is mostly grown on marginal soils that hamper its productivity. Improvement of salt tolerance in lentils is considered to be a useful strategy of utilizing salt-affected lands in an economic manner. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of seed priming using silicic acid and humic acid both seperately and in combination to improve salt stress tolerance among three different lentil varieties: IPL-316 (tolerant), PSL-9, and PDL-1 (susceptible). The concentrations and durations of treatments were standardized under the normal condition and the salinity stress condition. Salt stress hindered seedling emergence and biomass production and accelerated Na+ toxicity and oxidative damage at the seedling stage in untreated seeds. Nevertheless, chemical priming improved early seedling emergence, increased root length, shoot length, and seed vigor index I and II, and reduced the mean germination time. A significant quantitative change in biochemical parameters under normal and salinity stress conditions was observed in IPL-316,viz. Specifically, for IPL-316, the following parameters were observed (values under the normal condition and values under salt stress conditions, respectively): chlorophyll-a (16 and 13 mg/g Fw), chlorophyll-b (25 and 16 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll content (42 and 30 mg/g FW), relative leaf water content (92% and 82%), total soluble sugars (26 and 33 ug/g FW), free amino acid (10 and 7 mg/g FW), total phenol (26 and 24 mg of GAE/g FW), total protein (35 and 29 mg/g FW), carbohydrate (208 and 173 mg/g FW), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (29 and 35 unit/min./g FW), proline (0.28 and 0.32 u mol/g FW), catalase (CAT) (84 and 196 unit/mL/g FW), and peroxidase (POX) (217 and 738 unit/mL/g FW). Furthermore, histochemical analysis of H2O2 and O2-, micronutrients, and macronutrients also increased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) (0.31 and 0.47 nmol/mL FW) content decreased using silicic and humic acid priming under salt stress conditions. The combination of silicic and humic acids improved seedling growth and reduced oxidative damage in lentil plants under salt stress conditions. The combination of silicic and humic acid priming hastened seedling emergence, seed quality parameters, and biochemical parameters under salt stress over respective control. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of integrated chemical priming in lentils for salinity stress. In conclusion, chemical priming using a combination of silicic and humic acid performed better in terms of seed quality due to enhanced antioxidant machinery, better membrane stability and osmolyte protection, and enhanced nutrient uptake under salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Rao
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (D.R.); (R.C.)
| | - Sangita Yadav
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (D.R.); (R.C.)
| | - Ravish Choudhary
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (D.R.); (R.C.)
| | - Dharmendra Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Rakesh Bhardwaj
- ICAR—National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | | | - Shiv Kumar Yadav
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (D.R.); (R.C.)
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Islam F, Khan MSS, Ahmed S, Abdullah M, Hannan F, Chen J. OsLPXC negatively regulates tolerance to cold stress via modulating oxidative stress, antioxidant defense and JA accumulation in rice. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 199:2-16. [PMID: 36775108 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of crops to low temperature (LT) during emerging and reproductive stages influences their growth and development. In this study, we have isolated a cold induced, nucleus-localized lipid A gene from rice named OsLPXC, which encodes a protein of 321 amino acids. Knockout of OsLPXC resulted in enhance sensitivity to LT stress in rice, with increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage, while expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly suppressed. The accumulation of chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of knockout plants were also decreased compared with WT under LT stress. The functional analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), showed that numerous genes associated with antioxidant defense, photosynthesis, cold signaling were solely expressed and downregulated in oslpxc plants compared with WT under LT. The accumulation of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in leave and several DEGs related to the jasmonate biosynthesis pathway were significantly downregulated in OsLPXC knockout plants, which showed differential levels of MeJA regulation in WT and knockout plants in response to cold stress. These results indicated that OsLPXC positively regulates cold tolerance in rice via stabilizing the expression and activities of ROS scavenging enzymes, photosynthetic apparatus, cold signaling genes, and jasmonate biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Islam
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | | | - Sulaiman Ahmed
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Fakhir Hannan
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Alharbi K, Al-Osaimi AA, Alghamdi BA. Sodium Chloride (NaCl)-Induced Physiological Alteration and Oxidative Stress Generation in Pisum sativum (L.): A Toxicity Assessment. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:20819-20832. [PMID: 35755363 PMCID: PMC9219073 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress has a deleterious impact on plant development, morphology, physiology, and biochemical characteristics. Considering the NaCl-induced phytotoxicity, current investigation was done to better understand the salt-tolerant mechanisms using Pisum sativum L. (pea) as a model crop. Generally, NaCl resulted in a progressive decrease in germinative attributes and physiological and biochemical parameters of P. sativum (L.). The 400 mM NaCl level had a higher detrimental effect and reduced the germination rate, plumule, radicle length, and seedling vigor index (SVI) by 78, 89, 84, and 77%, respectively, under in vitro. Furthermore, after 400 mM NaCl exposure, physiological and enzymatic profiles like root dry biomass (71%) chl-a (66%), chl-b (54%), total chlorophyll (45%), and nitrate reductase activity (NRA) (59%) of peas were decreased. In addition, a NaCl dose-related increase in soluble protein (SP) and sugar (SS), Na+ and K+ ions, and stressor metabolites was recorded. For instance, at 400 mM NaCl, SP, SS, Na+ ion, K+ ion, root proline, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were significantly and maximally elevated by 65, 33, 84, 79, 85, and 89%, respectively, compared to the control (0 mM NaCl). Data analysis indicated that greater doses of pesticides dramatically increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and induced membrane damage through production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), as well as increased cell injury. To deal with NaCl-induced oxidative stress, plants subjected to higher salinity stress showed a considerable build-up in antioxidant levels. As an example, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were maximally and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased by 68, 80, 74, and 58%, respectively, after 400 mM NaCl exposure. The propidium iodide (PI)-stained and NaCl-treated plant roots corroborated the damaging effect of salinity-induced stress on the cell membrane, which was observed under a confocal laser microscope (CLSM). The cells exposed to 400 mM NaCl had maximum fluorescence intensity, indicating that higher level of salts can cause pronounced cell damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The increases in superoxide ion (O2 -) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content in NaCl-treated plant tissues indicated the elevation of ROS with increasing salt levels. This finding revealed that salt stress can cause toxicity in plants by causing alteration in metabolic activity, oxidative injury, and damage to cell membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadiga Alharbi
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej Ahmed Al-Osaimi
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman
Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Budour A. Alghamdi
- Genome
Department, Ministry of Environment, Water
and Agriculture, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
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Zahra N, Al Hinai MS, Hafeez MB, Rehman A, Wahid A, Siddique KHM, Farooq M. Regulation of photosynthesis under salt stress and associated tolerance mechanisms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 178:55-69. [PMID: 35276596 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is crucial for the survival of all living biota, playing a key role in plant productivity by generating the carbon skeleton that is the primary component of all biomolecules. Salinity stress is a major threat to agricultural productivity and sustainability as it can cause irreversible damage to photosynthetic apparatus at any developmental stage. However, the capacity of plants to become photosynthetically active under adverse saline conditions remains largely untapped. This study addresses this discrepancy by exploring the current knowledge on the impact of salinity on chloroplast operation, metabolism, chloroplast ultrastructure, and leaf anatomy, and highlights the dire consequences for photosynthetic machinery and stomatal conductance. We also discuss enhancing photosynthetic capacity by modifying and redistributing electron transport between photosystems and improving photosystem stability using genetic approaches, beneficial microbial inoculations, and root architecture changes to improve salt stress tolerance under field conditions. Understanding chloroplast operations and molecular engineering of photosynthetic genes under salinity stress will pave the way for developing salt-tolerant germplasm to ensure future sustainability by rehabilitating saline areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Zahra
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Marwa Sulaiman Al Hinai
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman
| | | | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahid
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia.
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The Interplay between Hydrogen Sulfide and Phytohormone Signaling Pathways under Challenging Environments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084272. [PMID: 35457090 PMCID: PMC9032328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) serves as an important gaseous signaling molecule that is involved in intra- and intercellular signal transduction in plant–environment interactions. In plants, H2S is formed in sulfate/cysteine reduction pathways. The activation of endogenous H2S and its exogenous application has been found to be highly effective in ameliorating a wide variety of stress conditions in plants. The H2S interferes with the cellular redox regulatory network and prevents the degradation of proteins from oxidative stress via post-translational modifications (PTMs). H2S-mediated persulfidation allows the rapid response of proteins in signaling networks to environmental stimuli. In addition, regulatory crosstalk of H2S with other gaseous signals and plant growth regulators enable the activation of multiple signaling cascades that drive cellular adaptation. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of H2S-induced cellular adjustments and the interactions between H2S and various signaling pathways in plants, emphasizing the recent progress in our understanding of the effects of H2S on the PTMs of proteins. We also discuss future directions that would advance our understanding of H2S interactions to ultimately mitigate the impacts of environmental stresses in the plants.
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LI X, LI J, ISLAM F, NAJEEB U, PAN J, HOU Z, SHOU J, QIN Y, XU L. 5-Aminolevulinic acid could enhance the salinity tolerance by alleviating oxidative damages in Salvia miltiorrhiza. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.103121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin LI
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianyao SHOU
- Zhuji Municipal Agro-Tech Extension Center, China
| | - Yebo QIN
- Zhejiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, China
| | - Ling XU
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China
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Han Y, Gao Y, Li M, Du Y, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Du J. The molecular events underpinning cultivar differences in melatonin counteracting salt damage in Phaseolus vulgaris. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:201-217. [PMID: 34871542 DOI: 10.1071/fp21126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N -acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) plays important roles in multiple stress responses, especially under salt stress. However, cultivar differences in melatonin mediated salt stress tolerance are unclear. Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean) cultivars Jiyin 1 (JY, salt-tolerant) and Xuliyabai (XL, salt-sensitive) were used in this study. Exogenous melatonin significantly improved root growth under salt stress in JY, but had little effect on XL. Physiology analysis showed significant differences in activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide, SOD; and catalase, CAT) and malondialdehyde content between JY and XL. Meanwhile, the change of ABA content in JY and XL root was opposite in salt plus melatonin treatment. Comparative root transcriptomes of JY and XL revealed 3505 and 668 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) regulated by salt stress and melatonin. The most enriched melatonin-responsive genes under salt stress are mainly involved in regulation of transcription, oxidation-reduction process, transcription factor activity, oxidoreductase activity. In addition, melatonin induced more obvious changes of DEGs in JY than that in XL under salt condition. Melatonin also significantly induced 41 DEGs only in JY, including signal transduction genes, transcription factors, ubiquitin protein ligases, ion homeostasis and osmotic adjustment genes etc. This study uncovered the molecular mechanism of cultivar difference of melatonin response under salt stress in common bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Han
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China; and National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yamei Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China; and Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in the Cold Region, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Du
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yuxian Zhang
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China; and College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Jidao Du
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China; and College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
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Ayyaz A, Farooq MA, Dawood M, Majid A, Javed M, Athar HUR, Bano H, Zafar ZU. Exogenous melatonin regulates chromium stress-induced feedback inhibition of photosynthesis and antioxidative protection in Brassica napus cultivars. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2063-2080. [PMID: 34417832 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is an early player in chromium stress response in canola plants; it promotes ROS scavenging and chlorophyll stability, modulates PSII stability and regulates feedback inhibition of photosynthesis conferring chromium tolerance. The development of heavy metals, especially chromium (Cr)-tolerant cultivars is mainly constrained due to poor knowledge of the mechanism behind Cr stress tolerance. In the present study, two Brassica napus contrasting cultivars Ac-Excel and DGL were studied for Cr stress tolerance by using chlorophyll a fluorescence technique and biochemical attributes with and without melatonin (MT) treatments. Cr stress significantly reduced the PSII and PSI efficiency, biomass accumulation, proline content and antioxidant enzymes in both the cultivars. The application of MT minimized the oxidative stress, as revealed via a lower level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis (H2O2 and OH-). Enhanced enzymatic activities of important antioxidants (SOD, APX, CAT, POD), proline and total soluble protein contents under MT application play an effective role in the regulation of multiple transcriptional pathways involved in oxidative stress responses. Higher NPQ and Y(NPQ) observed in Cr stress tolerant cv Ac-Excel, indicating that the MT-treated tolerant cultivar had better ability to protect PSII under Cr stress by increasing heat dissipation as photo-protective component of NPQ. Reduced PSI efficiency along with increased donor end limitation of PSI in both canola cultivars further confirmed the lower PSII activity and electron transport from PSII. The Cr content was higher in cv. DGL as compared to (that in Ac-Excel). The application of MT significantly decreased the Cr content in leaves of both cultivars. Overall, MT-induced Cr stress tolerance in canola cultivars can be related to improved PSII activity, Y(NPQ), and antioxidant potential and these physiological attributes can effectively be used to select cultivars for Cr stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Ayyaz
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Farooq
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Muhammad Dawood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Majid
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Javed
- Department of Botany, University of Education, Lahore, Sub-Campus Dera Ghazi Khan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Habib-Ur-Rehman Athar
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hussan Bano
- Department of Botany, The Women University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Ullah Zafar
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
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Fd Martini L, Roma-Burgos N, Tseng TM, V Fipke M, A Noldin J, A de Avila L. Acclimation to cold stress reduces injury from low temperature and bispyribac-sodium on rice. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4016-4025. [PMID: 33896105 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In subtropical areas, early planting exposes rice seedlings to cold stress, impairing seedling growth and making them more vulnerable to other stresses including herbicide injury. The objectives of this work were: to evaluate the effect of cold stress on bispyribac-sodium selectivity in rice; to determine the mechanisms of cold tolerance in sensitive ('Epagri 109') and tolerant ('IRGA 424') rice cultivars; and to ascertain that cold acclimatization influences bispyribac-sodium selectivity in rice. RESULTS Prolonged cold stress caused high lipid peroxidation, increased rice injury, and stunted growth. Short-term acclimation with cold stress reduced rice injury with bispyribac-sodium. Total phenols were upregulated in rice exposed to cold stress. Prolonged cold stress increased the superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in IRGA 424. Antioxidant activity was higher in the cold-tolerant than in the cold-sensitive cultivar. Only catalase activity was responsive to bispyribac-sodium. OsRAN2, OsGSTL2, and CYP72A21 were upregulated by cold and herbicide stress in both cultivars. OsGSTL2 was upregulated more in IRGA 424 than in Epagri 109. OsFAD8 was upregulated in cold-sensitive rice exposed to short-duration cold stress but was not responsive to bispyribac-sodium. CONCLUSION Cold stress reduces bispyribac-sodium selectivity in rice. Short-term acclimation to cold stress reduces the effect of cold stress and enhances bispyribac-sodium selectivity. The tolerance of rice (IRGA 424) to cold stress is due to differential induction of protection genes CYP72A21 and OsGSTL2 associated with herbicide metabolism, together with the accumulation of total phenols and higher activity of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Fd Martini
- Crop Protection Discovery & Development Department, Corteva Agriscience, Barueri, SP, Brazil
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Nilda Roma-Burgos
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Te-Ming Tseng
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Marcus V Fipke
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - José A Noldin
- Institution for Agricultural Research and Rural Extension of Santa Catarina State/Itajaí Experimental Station - Epagri, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Luis A de Avila
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Yang X, Han H, Cao J, Li Y, Yu Q, Powles SB. Exploring quinclorac resistance mechanisms in Echinochloa crus-pavonis from China. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:194-201. [PMID: 32652760 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa spp.) is a global weed in rice fields. Quinclorac is commonly used to control barnyardgrass. However, due to persistent use, quinclorac resistance has evolved. We obtained quinclorac-susceptible (QS) and -resistant (QR1, QR2) lines from the progeny of a single resistant E. crus-pavonis for a resistance mechanism study. RESULTS Line QR1 exhibited resistance to high quinclorac rates (up to 6400 g ha-1 ), whereas line QR2 exhibited a resistance/susceptibility segregation ratio of 3:1 at the field or lower rates (400, 100 g ha-1 ). Intriguingly, a lower level of 14 C-quinclorac metabolism and hence a higher level of 14 C-quinclorac translocation was observed in QR1 than QS plants. The basal expression levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase 2 (ACO2) genes did not differ significantly between the QR1 and QS lines. However, more expression of ACS and ACO genes was induced by quinclorac treatment in QS than in QR1. Basal levels of β-cyanoalanine synthase (β-CAS) gene expression were similar in QS and QR1 plants, but a greater level of down-regulation was detected in QS than in QR1 plants after quinclorac treatment. CONCLUSION These results indicate QR plants are less responsive to quinclorac than QS plants in terms of up-regulating quinclorac metabolism and ethylene synthesis. Resistance in this E. crus-pavonis line is likely controlled by a single major gene, involving possibly an alteration in auxin signal perception/transduction to the ethylene biosynthesis pathway. The β-CAS is unlikely to play a major role in quinclorac resistance in this particular population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Heping Han
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Jingjing Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Stephen B Powles
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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Long M, Shou J, Wang J, Hu W, Hannan F, Mwamba TM, Farooq MA, Zhou W, Islam F. Ursolic Acid Limits Salt-Induced Oxidative Damage by Interfering With Nitric Oxide Production and Oxidative Defense Machinery in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:697. [PMID: 32670308 PMCID: PMC7327119 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Crops frequently encounter abiotic stresses, and salinity is a prime factor that suppresses plant growth and crop productivity, globally. Ursolic acid (UA) is a potential signaling molecule that alters physiology and biochemical processes and activates the defense mechanism in numerous animal models; however, effects of UA in plants under stress conditions and the underlying mechanism of stress alleviation have not been explored yet. This study examined the effects of foliar application of UA (100 μM) to mitigate salt stress in three rice cultivars (HZ, 712, and HAY). A pot experiment was conducted in a climate-controlled greenhouse with different salt stress treatments. The results indicated that exposure to NaCl-induced salinity reduces growth of rice cultivars by damaging chlorophyll pigment and chloroplast, particularly at a higher stress level. Application of UA alleviated adverse effects of salinity by suppressing oxidative stress (H2O2, O2-) and stimulating activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants (APX, CAT, POD, GR, GSH, AsA, proline, glycinebutane), as well as protecting cell membrane integrity (MDA, LOX, EL). Furthermore, UA application brought about a significant increase in the concentration of leaf nitric oxide (NO) by modulating the expression of NR and NOS enzymes. It seems that UA application also influenced Na+ efflux and maintained a lower cytosolic Na+/K+ ratio via concomitant upregulation of OsSOS1 and OsHKT1;5 in rice cultivars. The results of pharmacological tests have shown that supply of the NO scavenger (PTI) completely reversed the UA-induced salt tolerance in rice cultivars by quenching endogenous NO and triggering oxidative stress, Na+ uptake, and lipid peroxidation. The PTI application with UA and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) also caused growth retardation and a significant increase in Na+ uptake and oxidative stress in rice cultivars. This suggests that UA promoted salt tolerance of rice cultivars by triggering NO production and limiting toxic ion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. These results revealed that both UA and NO are together required to develop a salt tolerance response in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Long
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianyao Shou
- Zhuji Municipal Agro-Tech Extension Center, Zhuji, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weizhen Hu
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fakhir Hannan
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Faisal Islam
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Amraee L, Rahmani F, Abdollahi Mandoulakani B. Exogenous application of 24-epibrassinosteroid mitigates NaCl toxicity in flax by modifying free amino acids profile and antioxidant defence system. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:565-575. [PMID: 32362312 DOI: 10.1071/fp19191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the ameliorative effects of 24-epibrassinosteroid (24-epiBL) on antioxidant response and ion homeostasis in two NaCl-stressed Linum usitatissimum L. (flax) cultivars differing in salt tolerance. The content and profile of amino acids were also studied in the tolerant cultivar. Salt stress differently altered the activity of antioxidant enzymes, phenol and flavonoid contents, total antioxidant capacity and ion homeostasis in both cultivars, whereas H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were induced only in the TN-97-95 cultivar. Free amino acid concentrations showed variable patterns under salinity conditions compared with the control plants. 24-epiBL decreased the soluble protein content in NaCl-treated plants and also decreased stimulatory effects of salinity on the production and accumulation of phenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity with altered ion (Na+, K+, and Cl-) contents. The 24-epiBL reduced the chlorophylls (a, b) and carotenoid contents in salt-treated TN-97-95 cultivar while enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes and declined the H2O2 content and lipid peroxidation in both NaCl-stressed cultivars. The profile and content of amino acids were significantly changed by 24-epiBL application under salinity treatment. In summary, our findings demonstrate that 24-epiBL seed priming mitigates the deleterious effects of salt stress in flax plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Amraee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran; and Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahmani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran; and Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran; and Corresponding author. Email address:
| | - Babak Abdollahi Mandoulakani
- Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran; and Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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13
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Mahmoudinia S, Niapour A, Ghasemi Hamidabadi H, Mazani M. 2,4-D causes oxidative stress induction and apoptosis in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:26170-26183. [PMID: 31280441 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
2,4-Dicholorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) is a worldwide used hormone herbicide. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) as a potential source of mesenchymal stem cells provide a confident model system for the assessments of chemicals in vitro. The main objective of this study was to examine the biological effects and damages attributed to 2,4-D on hDPSCs. hDPSCs were isolated from third molar pulp tissues and their mesenchymal identity were evaluated. Then, hDPSCs were treated with increasing concentrations of 2,4-D (0.1 μM-10 mM). Cell viability assay and cumulative cell counting were carried out to address 2,4-D effects on biological parameters of hDPSCs. Cell cycle distribution, ROS level and ALP activity were measured before and after treatment. AO/EB staining and caspase 3/7 activity were investigated to detect the possible mechanisms of cell death. Flow-cytometric immunophenotyping and differentiation data confirmed the mesenchymal identity of cultivated hDPSCs. 2,4-D treatment caused a hormetic response in the viability and growth rate of hDPSCs. G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, enhanced ROS level, and reduced ALP activity were detected in hDPSCs treated with EC50 dose of 2,4-D. AO/EB staining showed a higher percentage of alive cells in lower concentrations of the herbicide. The increment in 2,4-D dose and the number of early and late apoptotic cells were increased. DAPI staining and caspase 3/7 assay validated the induction of apoptosis. 2,4-D concentrations up to 100 μM did not affect hDPSCs viability and proliferation. The intense cellular oxidative stress and apoptosis were observed at higher concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Mahmoudinia
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ali Niapour
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Hatef Ghasemi Hamidabadi
- Immunogenetic Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mazani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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14
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Wu LM, Fang Y, Yang HN, Bai LY. Effects of drought-stress on seed germination and growth physiology of quinclorac-resistant Echinochloa crusgalli. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214480. [PMID: 30947307 PMCID: PMC6448836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. (barnyard grass) is considered a noxious weed worldwide, and is the most pernicious weed decreasing rice yields in China. Recently, E. crusgalli has evolved quinclorac resistance, making it among the most serious herbicide resistant weeds in China. The present study explored differences in germination and growth between quinclorac-resistant and -susceptible E. crusgalli collected in Hunan Province. The order of the seven E. crusgalli biotypes assessed, from high to low quinclorac-resistance, was: quinclorac-resistant, Chunhua, Hanshou, Shimen, Hekou, Dingcheng, and quinclorac-susceptible. With an increased in the level of quinclorac-resistance, the germination rate, length of young shoots and roots, and fresh weight of E. crusgalli were all decreased compared with that in more susceptible biotypes. However, there were no significant differences between quinclorac-resistant and susceptible E. crusgalli biotypes without polyethylene glycol 6000 treatment. Drought had a more obvious effect on glutathione S-transferases (GST) activity, determined by spectrophotometric method, in quinclorac-resistant E. crusgalli. Higher resistance level biotypes showed greater activity, and when treated with polyethylene glycol 6000 for 3 days, all E. crusgalli biotypes showed the highest GST activity. This study demonstrated that as the level of quinclorac-resistance increased, the rate of seed germination decreased, while the growth of young buds, young roots, and fresh weight decreased. Increased quinclorac-resistance may be related to the increased metabolic activity of GST in E. crusgalli.
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Affiliation(s)
- La-Mei Wu
- Long Ping Branch of Graduate School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Fang
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao-Na Yang
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lian-Yang Bai
- Long Ping Branch of Graduate School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
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15
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Wang H, Guo Z, Shen W, Lou Y. Increasing tolerance to bispyribac-sodium is able to allow glutathione homeostasis to recover in indica rice compared with japonica rice. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 153:28-35. [PMID: 30744894 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The high activity and broad weed spectrum of BS has made it widely used in China. However, accidental crop injuries, particularly occurring in Jiangsu, Hunan, Hubei and Heilongjiang provinces in recent years, have resulted in limiting the application of BS in China. In this study, glutathione homeostasis was measured in the contrasting sensitivity of indica and japonica rice cultivar after bispyribac-sodium (BS) treatment. The results showed that japonica rice cultivar Nanjing 9108 was more sensitive to BS than indica rice Nanjing 11 and indica-hybrid cultivar Guangliangyou 6326. In response to the exposure of BS in all rice cultivars, especially Nanjing 9108, the perturbation of glutathione homeostasis occurred, including the decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) and increased oxidized glutathione (GSSG). These results were supported by increased activities of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in Nanjing 11 and Guangliangyou 6326. Further tests revealed that when Nanjing 11 was pretreated with the glutathione-depleting agents L-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) or diethylmaleate (DEM), the GSH levels, the activity of GSTs, and the gene expression levels of GR and GSTs decreased, finally increasing the phytotoxicity of BS. The aforementioned DEM inhibitory responses were further rescued by exogenously applied GSH. In contrast, the pretreatment of glutathione or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) not only increased the contents of GSH, the activities of GSTs, and the expression level of GR and GSTs gene, but also alleviated BS phytotoxicity in Nanjing 9108. In both cultivars, DEM increased phytotoxicity and GSH partially reversed this. This study suggests that increasing tolerance to BS was able to allow glutathione homeostasis to recover in indica rice cultivar compared with japonica rice cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchun Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhijie Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuanlai Lou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, PR China.
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16
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Is the protection of photosynthesis related to the mechanism of quinclorac resistance in Echinochloa crus-galli var. zelayensis? Gene 2019; 683:133-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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17
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Niu J, Zhang Z, Tang J, Tang G, Yang J, Wang W, Huo H, Jiang N, Li J, Cao Y. Dicationic Ionic Liquids of Herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid with Reduced Negative Effects on Environment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10362-10368. [PMID: 30230823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to high volatility and water solubility, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) can easily enter into the atmosphere and water bodies by volatilization, drift, leaching, or runoff, which results in potential threats to the environment and human health. The physicochemical properties of pesticides can be regulated by preparing their ionic liquids. In this work, a series of dicationic ionic liquids (DILs) of 2,4-D were prepared to reduce its environmental risk and enhance herbicidal activity. The solubility, octanol-water partition coefficient, surface tension, and volatilization rate results of DILs showed that these properties could be optimized by choosing appropriate countercations. Compared to 2,4-D ammonium salt, DILs have lower volatility, water solubility, and surface tension as well as higher lipophilicity. Benefiting from optimized physicochemical properties, DILs HIL8-12 exhibited better herbicidal activity against three typical broadleaf weeds than 2,4-D ammonium salt, and their fresh weight inhibition rates increased by 2.74-46.84%. The safety assessment experiment indicated that DILs were safer to wheat than commercialized forms of 2,4-D. The DILs could reduce the environmental risk of 2,4-D caused by high volatility and water solubility and would be potential alternatives to its commercialized formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfan Niu
- College of Plant Protection , China Agricultural University , 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Zhaopeng Zhang
- College of Plant Protection , China Agricultural University , 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Jingyue Tang
- College of Plant Protection , China Agricultural University , 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Gang Tang
- College of Plant Protection , China Agricultural University , 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Jiale Yang
- College of Plant Protection , China Agricultural University , 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Weichen Wang
- College of Plant Protection , China Agricultural University , 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Hong Huo
- College of Plant Protection , China Agricultural University , 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Na Jiang
- College of Plant Protection , China Agricultural University , 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Jianqiang Li
- College of Plant Protection , China Agricultural University , 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Yongsong Cao
- College of Plant Protection , China Agricultural University , 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road , Beijing 100193 , China
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