1
|
Cecchi N, Romanelli R, Ricevuti F, Carbone MG, Dinardo M, Cesarano E, De Michele A, Messere G, Morra S, Scognamiglio A, Spagnuolo MI. Bioactives in Oral Nutritional Supplementation: A Pediatric Point of View. Nutrients 2024; 16:2067. [PMID: 38999815 PMCID: PMC11243142 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral nutritional supplements (ONSs) are crucial for supporting the nutritional needs of pediatric populations, particularly those with medical conditions or dietary deficiencies. Bioactive compounds within ONSs play a pivotal role in enhancing health outcomes by exerting various physiological effects beyond basic nutrition. However, the comprehensive understanding of these bioactives in pediatric ONSs remains elusive. OBJECTIVE This systematic narrative review aims to critically evaluate the existing literature concerning bioactive compounds present in oral nutritional supplements from a pediatric standpoint, focusing on their types, sources, bioavailability, physiological effects, and clinical implications. METHODS A systematic search was conducted across the major academic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, employing predefined search terms related to oral nutritional supplements, bioactives, and pediatrics. Studies published between 2013 and 2024 were considered eligible for inclusion. Data extraction and synthesis were performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS The initial search yielded 558 of articles, of which 72 met the inclusion criteria. The included studies encompassed a diverse range of bioactive compounds present in pediatric ONS formulations, including, but not limited to, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, prebiotics, probiotics, and phytonutrients. These bioactives were sourced from various natural and synthetic origins and were found to exert beneficial effects on growth, development, immune function, gastrointestinal health, cognitive function, and overall well-being in pediatric populations. However, variations in bioavailability, dosing, and clinical efficacy were noted across different compounds and formulations. CONCLUSIONS Bioactive compounds in oral nutritional supplements offer promising avenues for addressing the unique nutritional requirements and health challenges faced by pediatric populations. However, further research is warranted to elucidate the optimal composition, dosage, and clinical applications of these bioactives in pediatric ONS formulations. A deeper understanding of these bioactive compounds and their interplay with pediatric health may pave the way for personalized and effective nutritional interventions in pediatric clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cecchi
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Romanelli
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Ricevuti
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Carbone
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Dinardo
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cesarano
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo De Michele
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messere
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Morra
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Armando Scognamiglio
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dar OI, Vinothkanna A, Aslam B, Furkh A, Sharma S, Kaur A, Gao YA, Jia AQ. Dynamic alterations in physiological and biochemical indicators of Cirrhinus mrigala hatchlings: A sublethal exposure of triclosan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171701. [PMID: 38490412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS), a biocide used in various day-to-day products, has been associated with several toxic effects in aquatic organisms. In the present study, biochemical and hematological alterations were evaluated after 14 d (sublethal) exposure of tap water (control), acetone (solvent control), 5, 10, 20, and 50 μg/L (environmentally relevant concentrations) TCS to the embryos/hatchlings of Cirrhinus mrigala, a major freshwater carp distributed in tropic and sub-tropical areas of Asia. A concentration-dependent increase in the content of urea and protein carbonyl, while a decrease in the total protein, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, and bilirubin was observed after the exposure. Hematological analysis revealed a decrease in the total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, and partial pressure of oxygen, while there was an increase in the total leucocyte count, carbon dioxide, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide and serum electrolytes. Comet assay demonstrates a concentration-dependent increase in tail length, tail moment, olive tail moment, and percent tail DNA. An amino acid analyzer showed a TCS-dose-dependent increase in various amino acids. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed different proteins ranging from 6.5 to 200 kDa, demonstrating TCS-induced upregulation. Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis exhibited a decline in peak area percents with an increase in the concentration of TCS in water. Curve fitting of amide I (1,700-1600 cm-1) showed a decline in α-helix and turns and an increase in β-sheets. Nuclear magnetic resonance study also revealed concentration-dependent alterations in the metabolites after 14 d exposure. TCS caused alterations in the biomolecules and heamatological parameters of fish, raising the possibility that small amounts of TCS may change the species richness in natural aquatic habitats. In addition, consuming TCS-contaminated fish may have detrimental effects on human health. Consequently, there is a need for the proper utilisation and disposal of this hazardous compound in legitimate quantities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Owias Iqbal Dar
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Annadurai Vinothkanna
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Bisma Aslam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Arajmand Furkh
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Aquatic Toxicology Lab, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Arvinder Kaur
- Aquatic Toxicology Lab, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Yan-An Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ai-Qun Jia
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ge X, Chen J, Gu J, Yi W, Xu S, Tan L, Liu T. Metabolomic analysis of hydroxycinnamic acid inhibition on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:165. [PMID: 38252275 PMCID: PMC10803543 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA) and p-coumaric acid (p-CA) are hydroxycinnamic acid inhibitors that are mainly produced during the pretreatment of lignocellulose. To date, the inhibitory mechanism of hydroxycinnamic acid compounds on Saccharomyces cerevisiae has not been fully elucidated. In this study, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the changes in S. cerevisiae cells treated with FA and p-CA. In this experiment, the control group was denoted as group CK, the FA-treated group was denoted as group F, and the p-CA-treated group was denoted as group P. One hundred different metabolites in group F and group CK and 92 different metabolites in group P and group CK were selected and introduced to metaboanalyst, respectively. A total of 38 metabolic pathways were enriched in S. cerevisiae under FA stress, and 27 metabolic pathways were enriched in S. cerevisiae under p-CA stress as identified through Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. The differential metabolites involved included S-adenosine methionine, L-arginine, and cysteine, which were significantly downregulated, and acetyl-CoA, L-glutamic acid, and L-threonine, which were significantly upregulated. Analysis of differential metabolic pathways showed that the differentially expressed metabolites were mainly related to amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, fatty acid degradation, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). Under the stress of FA and p-CA, the metabolism of some amino acids was blocked, which disturbed the redox balance in the cells and destroyed the synthesis of most proteins, which was the main reason for the inhibition of yeast cell growth. This study provided a strong scientific reference to improve the durability of S. cerevisiae against hydroxycinnamic acid inhibitors. KEY POINTS: • Morphological changes of S. cerevisiae cells under inhibitors stress were observed. • Changes of the metabolites in S. cerevisiae cells were explored by metabolomics. • One of the inhibitory effects on yeast is due to changes in the metabolic network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Junxiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Jie Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Wenbo Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Shujie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Liping Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China.
- Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China.
| | - Tongjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China.
- Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yue Y, Yan S, Li L, Tong M, Shi B, Zhao Y, Guo X, Guo Y. Comparative analysis of haematological, biochemical and nutritional parameters of Dezhou donkey with healthy and weak foals ( Equus asinus). ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2097454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxi Yue
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Sumei Yan
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Li Li
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Manman Tong
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Binlin Shi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Yongmei Guo
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hou X, Chen S, Zhang P, Guo D, Wang B. Targeted Arginine Metabolism Therapy: A Dilemma in Glioma Treatment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:938847. [PMID: 35898872 PMCID: PMC9313538 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.938847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts in the treatment of glioma which is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system, have not shown satisfactory results despite a comprehensive treatment model that combines various treatment methods, including immunotherapy. Cellular metabolism is a determinant of the viability and function of cancer cells as well as immune cells, and the interplay of immune regulation and metabolic reprogramming in tumors has become an active area of research in recent years. From the perspective of metabolism and immunity in the glioma microenvironment, we elaborated on arginine metabolic reprogramming in glioma cells, which leads to a decrease in arginine levels in the tumor microenvironment. Reduced arginine availability significantly inhibits the proliferation, activation, and function of T cells, thereby promoting the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Therefore, replenishment of arginine levels to enhance the anti-tumor activity of T cells is a promising strategy for the treatment of glioma. However, due to the lack of expression of argininosuccinate synthase, gliomas are unable to synthesize arginine; thus, they are highly dependent on the availability of arginine in the extracellular environment. This metabolic weakness of glioma has been utilized by researchers to develop arginine deprivation therapy, which ‘starves’ tumor cells by consuming large amounts of arginine in circulation. Although it has shown good results, this treatment modality that targets arginine metabolism in glioma is controversial. Exploiting a suitable strategy that can not only enhance the antitumor immune response, but also “starve” tumor cells by regulating arginine metabolism to cure glioma will be promising.
Collapse
|
6
|
Dar OI, Aslam R, Sharma S, Jia AQ, Kaur A, Faggio C. Biomolecular alterations in the early life stages of four food fish following acute exposure of Triclosan. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 91:103820. [PMID: 35123018 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of acute concentrations of triclosan (TCS; 96 h exposure and 10d post exposure) on the free amino acid, primary (SDS-PAGE) and secondary (FT-IR) structure of proteins in the embryos/larvae of Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala. A concentration dependent increase in free amino acids, upregulation of polypeptides (100 and 70 kDa in C. carpio, C. idella and L. rohita, 55, 45, 36 kda in C. idella and L. rohita and 22 kDa in all the fish) and a decline in percent area of all the selected peaks of the FT-IR spectra was observed after exposure and recovery period. The decline in percent area was greatest for L. rohita at peak 1080 - 1088 cm-1 (-75.99%) after exposure and at peak 2854 - 2855 cm-1 (-53.59%) after recovery. Curve fitting analysis revealed a decrease in α-helices and increase in β-sheets in all fish after exposure and recovery period. The results suggest that TCS elicits alterations in biomolecules of fish embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Owias Iqbal Dar
- Aquatic Toxicology Lab, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India.
| | - Raouf Aslam
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Aquatic Toxicology Lab, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Ai-Qun Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Arvinder Kaur
- Aquatic Toxicology Lab, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang C, Shi C, Zhang H, Yu K, Wang Y, Jiang J, Kan G. Metabolomics reveals the mechanism of Antarctic yeast Rhodotorula mucliaginosa AN5 to cope with cadmium stress. Biometals 2021; 35:53-65. [PMID: 34731410 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in Antarctica has far exceeded expectations. Antarctic yeast is widely present in polar marine environment. The mechanisms of metabolomics effect of heavy metal on polar yeast have not been reported previously. In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) wascarried out to performed the metabolite profiling analysis of Antarctic sea-ice yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa AN5 exposed to different cadmium (Cd) stresses of 5 mM (HM5), 10 mM (HM10) and 20 mM (HM20), respectively. Metabolic profile analysis showed that the composition and contents of cellular metabolites have been altered by cadmium. 93 different metabolites were identified altogether, among which 23, 58 and 81 different metabolites were found in HM5, HM10 and HM20 group respectively. MetaboAnalyst analysis showed that in HM5, HM10 and HM20 groups, 12, 24 and 31 metabolic pathways were involved in the stress of cadmium to R. mucilaginosa, respectively. By contrasting with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database, we discovered that exposure of yeast AN5 to Cd stress resulted in profound biochemical changes including amino acids, organic acids and saccharides. These results will supply a nonnegligible basis of studying the adaptive resistance mechanism of Antarctic yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa to heavy metal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhou Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Huancui District, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China
| | - Cuijuan Shi
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Huancui District, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Huancui District, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Yu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Huancui District, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Huancui District, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China.,School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guangfeng Kan
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Huancui District, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kaur R, Jaggi AS, Bali A. Investigating the role of nitric oxide in stress adaptive process in electric foot shock stress-subjected mice. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:116-127. [PMID: 32083948 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1733560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study was designed to investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the non-development of stress adaptation in high-intensity foot-shock stress (HIFS) subjected mice. METHODS Mice were subjected to low-intensity shocks (LIFS i.e. 0.5 mA) or HIFS (1.5 mA) for 5 days. Stress-induced behavioral changes were assessed by actophotometer, hole board, open field and social interaction tests. Biochemically, the serum corticosterone levels were measured as a marker of stress. L-arginine (100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg), as NO donor, and L-NAME (10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg), as nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, were employed as pharmacological agents. RESULTS A single exposure of LIFS and HIFS produced behavioral and biochemical alterations. However, there was the restoration of behavioral and biochemical alterations on 5th day in response to repeated LIFS exposure suggesting the development of stress adaptation. However, no stress adaptation was observed in HIFS subjected mice. Administration of L-arginine (300 mg/kg) abolished the stress adaptive response in LIFS-subjected mice, while L-NAME (30 mg/kg) induced the development of stress adaptation in HIFS subjected mice. CONCLUSION It is concluded that an increase in the NO release may possibly impede the process of stress adaptation in HIFS-subjected mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical Education Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Anjana Bali
- Department of Pharmacology, Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical Education Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang P, Wang S, He Y, Xu Y, Shi D, Yang F, Yu W, Zhu W, He L. Identifying Metabolic Perturbations and Toxic Effects of Rac-Metalaxyl and Metalaxyl-M in Mice Using Integrative NMR and UPLC-MS/MS Based Metabolomics. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215457. [PMID: 31683916 PMCID: PMC6862379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although metabolic perturbations are sensitive indicators for low-dose toxic effects, the metabolic mechanisms affected by rac-metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M in mammals from a metabolic profiling perspective remain unclear. In this study, the metabolic perturbations and toxic effects of rac-metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M in mice were carefully investigated using integrative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) based metabolomics. Histopathology, NMR-based untargeted urine profile, multivariate pattern recognition, metabolite identification, pathway analysis, UPLC-MS/MS based targeted serum amino acids, and tryptophan pathway analysis were determined after rac-metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M exposure, individually. Histopathology indicated that metalaxyl-M induced greater hepatocellular inflammatory, necrosis, and vacuolation in mice than rac-metalaxyl at the same exposure dosage. The metabolic perturbations induced by rac-metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M were directly separated using partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Furthermore, metabolite identification and pathway analysis indicated that rac-metalaxyl mainly induced ten urine metabolite changes and four pathway fluctuations. However, metalaxyl-M induced 19 urine metabolite changes and six pathway fluctuations. Serum amino acids and tryptophan pathway metabolite changes induced by rac-metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M were also different even at the same exposure level. Such results may provide specific insight into the metabolic perturbations and toxic effects of rac-metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M, and contribute to providing available data for health risk assessments of rac-metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M at a metabolomics level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yuhan He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Dongmei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Furong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Weizhong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zou S, Wang X, Liu P, Ke C, Xu S. Arginine metabolism and deprivation in cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109210. [PMID: 31330440 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain cancer cells with nutrient auxotrophy and have a much higher nutrient demand compared with normal human cells. Arginine as a versatile amino acid, has multiple biological functions in metabolic and signaling pathways. Depletion of this amino acid by arginine depletor is generally well tolerated and has become a targeted therapy for arginine auxotrophic cancers. However, the modulatory eff ;ect of arginine on cancer cells is very complicated and still controversial. Therefore, this article focuses on arginine metabolism and depletion therapy in cancer treatment to provide systemical review on this issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songyun Zou
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangmei Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Po Liu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changneng Ke
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Shi Xu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Leal Yepes FA, Mann S, Overton TR, Ryan CM, Bristol LS, Granados GE, Nydam DV, Wakshlag JJ. Effect of rumen-protected branched-chain amino acid supplementation on production- and energy-related metabolites during the first 35 days in milk in Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:5657-5672. [PMID: 30928273 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Essential AA are critical for multiple physiological processes. Branched-chain AA (BCAA) supplementation has beneficial effects on body weight, lipogenesis, and insulin resistance in several species. The BCAA are used for milk and body protein synthesis as well as being oxidized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle to produce ATP during catabolic states. The objective was to evaluate the effect of rumen-protected BCAA (375 g of 27% l-Leu, 85 g of 48% l-Ile, and 91 g of 67% l-Val) with or without propylene glycol (PG) oral administration on milk production, dry matter intake, nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, and plasma urea nitrogen during the first 35 d in milk (DIM) in dairy cattle. Multiparous Holstein cows were enrolled in blocks of three 28 d before expected calving and assigned randomly to either the control or 1 of 2 treatments. The control (n = 26) received 200 g/d of dry molasses, the BCAA treatment (n = 23) received BCAA mixed with 200 g/d of dry molasses from calving until 35 DIM, and the BCAA plus PG (BCAAPG) treatment (n = 25) received BCAA mixed with 200 g/d of dry molasses from calving until 35 DIM plus 300 mL of PG once daily from calving until 7 DIM. Postpartum, dry matter intake least squares means (LSM; 95% confidence interval) were 20.7 (19.9, 21.7), 21.3 (20.4, 22.3), and 21.9 (20.9, 22.8) kg for control, BCAA, and BCAAPG, respectively. Milk yield (1-35 DIM) LSM were 41.7 (39.4, 44.0), 42.7 (40.3, 45.0), and 43.7 (41.4, 46.0) kg for control, BCAA, and BCAAPG, respectively. Energy-corrected milk LSM were 50.3 (46.8, 53.7), 52.4 (48.9, 55.8), and 52.9 (49.5, 56.4) kg for control, BCAA, and BCAAPG, respectively. Milk urea nitrogen LSM in milk for control, BCAA, and BCAAPG were 8.60 (8.02, 9.22), 9.70 (9.01, 10.45), and 9.75 (9.08, 10.47) mg/dL. Plasma urea nitrogen concentrations LSM for control, BCAA, and BCAAPG were 8.3 (7.7, 8.9), 10.1 (9.4, 10.9), and 9.6 (9.4, 10.3) mg/dL, respectively. The numbers of plasma samples classified as hyperketonemia were 77, 44, and 57 in control, BCAA, and BCAAPG, respectively. The BCAA supplementation increased plasma urea nitrogen and milk urea nitrogen, free valine concentration in plasma, and decreased hyperketonemia events during the postpartum period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F A Leal Yepes
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - S Mann
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - T R Overton
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - C M Ryan
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - L S Bristol
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - G E Granados
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - D V Nydam
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - J J Wakshlag
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhou QG, Zhu XH, Nemes AD, Zhu DY. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase and affective disorders. IBRO Rep 2018; 5:116-132. [PMID: 30591953 PMCID: PMC6303682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Affective disorders including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BPD), and general anxiety affect more than 10% of population in the world. Notably, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), a downstream signal molecule of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) activation, is abundant in many regions of the brain such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, amygdala, dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), locus coeruleus (LC), and hypothalamus, which are closely associated with the pathophysiology of affective disorders. Decreased levels of the neurotransmitters including 5-hydroxytryptamine or serotonin (5-HT), noradrenalin (NA), and dopamine (DA) as well as hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are common pathological changes of MDD, BPD, and anxiety. Increasing data suggests that nNOS in the hippocampus play a crucial role in the etiology of MDD whereas nNOS-related dysregulation of the nitrergic system in the LC is closely associated with the pathogenesis of BPD. Moreover, hippocampal nNOS is implicated in the role of serotonin receptor 1 A (5-HTR1 A) in modulating anxiety behaviors. Augment of nNOS and its carboxy-terminal PDZ ligand (CAPON) complex mediate stress-induced anxiety and disrupting the nNOS-CAPON interaction by small molecular drug generates anxiolytic effect. To date, however, the function of nNOS in affective disorders is not well reviewed. Here, we summarize works about nNOS and its signal mechanisms implicated in the pathophysiology of affective disorders. On the basis of this review, it is suggested that future research should more fully focus on the role of nNOS in the pathomechanism and treatment of affective disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Gang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Xian-Hui Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Ashley D Nemes
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - Dong-Ya Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jones JW, Jackson IL, Vujaskovic Z, Kaytor MD, Kane MA. Targeted Metabolomics Identifies Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers for BIO 300 Mitigation of Radiation-Induced Lung Injury. Pharm Res 2017; 34:2698-2709. [PMID: 28971289 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Biomarkers serve a number of purposes during drug development including defining the natural history of injury/disease, serving as a secondary endpoint or trigger for intervention, and/or aiding in the selection of an effective dose in humans. BIO 300 is a patent-protected pharmaceutical formulation of nanoparticles of synthetic genistein being developed by Humanetics Corporation. The primary goal of this metabolomic discovery experiment was to identify biomarkers that correlate with radiation-induced lung injury and BIO 300 efficacy for mitigating tissue damage based upon the primary endpoint of survival. METHODS High-throughput targeted metabolomics of lung tissue from male C57L/J mice exposed to 12.5 Gy whole thorax lung irradiation, treated daily with 400 mg/kg BIO 300 for either 2 weeks or 6 weeks starting 24 h post radiation exposure, were assayed at 180 d post-radiation to identify potential biomarkers. RESULTS A panel of lung metabolites that are responsive to radiation and able to distinguish an efficacious treatment schedule of BIO 300 from a non-efficacious treatment schedule in terms of 180 d survival were identified. CONCLUSIONS These metabolites represent potential biomarkers that could be further validated for use in drug development of BIO 300 and in the translation of dose from animal to human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jace W Jones
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA
| | - Isabel L Jackson
- School of Medicine, Division of Translational Radiation Sciences Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 21201, Maryland, USA
| | - Zeljko Vujaskovic
- School of Medicine, Division of Translational Radiation Sciences Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 21201, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Maureen A Kane
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Togliatto G, Lombardo G, Brizzi MF. The Future Challenge of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Hypertension: From Bench to Bed Side. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091988. [PMID: 28914782 PMCID: PMC5618637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signaling molecules that control physiological processes, including cell adaptation to stress. Redox signaling via ROS has quite recently become the focus of much attention in numerous pathological contexts, including neurodegenerative diseases, kidney and cardiovascular disease. Imbalance in ROS formation and degradation has also been implicated in essential hypertension. Essential hypertension is characterized by multiple genetic and environmental factors which do not completely explain its associated risk factors. Thereby, even if advances in therapy have led to a significant reduction in hypertension-associated complications, to interfere with the unbalance of redox signals might represent an additional therapeutic challenge. The decrease of nitric oxide (NO) levels, the antioxidant activity commonly found in preclinical models of hypertension and the ability of antioxidant approaches to reduce ROS levels have spurred clinicians to investigate the contribution of ROS in humans. Indeed, particular effort has recently been devoted to understanding how redox signaling may contribute to vascular pathobiology in human hypertension. However, although biomarkers of oxidative stress have been found to positively correlate with blood pressure in preclinical model of hypertension, human data are less convincing. We herein provide an overview of the most relevant mechanisms via which oxidative stress might contribute to the pathophysiology of essential hypertension. Moreover, alternative approaches, which are directed towards improving antioxidant machinery and/or interfering with ROS production, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Togliatto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Giusy Lombardo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kusek M, Tokarska A, Siwiec M, Gadek-Michalska A, Szewczyk B, Hess G, Tokarski K. Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor Attenuates the Effects of Repeated Restraint Stress on Synaptic Transmission in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Rat Hypothalamus. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:127. [PMID: 28515682 PMCID: PMC5413825 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-synthesizing parvocellular neuroendocrine cells (PNCs) of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) play a key role in the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. Several studies have demonstrated that synaptic inputs to these cells may undergo stress-related enhancement but, on the other hand, it has been reported that exposition to the same stressor for prolonged time periods may induce a progressive reduction in the response of the HPA axis to homotypic stressors. In the present study rats were subjected to 10 min restraint sessions, repeated twice daily for 3 or 7 days. Miniature excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs and mIPSCs) were then recorded from PNCs in ex vivo hypothalamic slice preparations obtained 24 h after the last restraint. Restraint stress repeated over 3 days resulted in increased mean frequency and decreased rise time and decay time constant of mEPSCs, accompanied by a decrease in the excitability of PNCs, however, no such changes were evident in slices obtained from rats subjected to restraint over 7 days. There were no changes in mIPSCs after repeated restraint. Administration of the unspecific nitric oxide synthase (NOS) blocker Nω-Nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) before each restraint, repeated over 3 days, prevented the occurrence of an increase in mEPSC frequency. However, animals receiving L-NNA and subjected to repeated restraint had similar changes in PNCs membrane excitability and mEPSC kinetics as stressed rats not receiving L-NNA. Comparison of the effects of a single 10 min restraint session followed by either an immediate or delayed (24 h) decapitation revealed an increase in the mean mEPSC frequency and a decrease in the mean mIPSC frequency in slices prepared immediately after restraint, with no apparent effects when slice preparation was delayed by 24 h. These results demonstrate that restraint, lasting 10 min and repeated twice daily for 3 days, induces a selective and long-lasting enhancement of excitatory synaptic input onto PNCs, partially by a NOS-dependent mechanism, and reduces PNC excitability, whereas prolongation of repeated stress for up to 7 days results in an adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kusek
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of SciencesKraków, Poland
| | - Anna Tokarska
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian UniversityKraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Siwiec
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of SciencesKraków, Poland
| | - Anna Gadek-Michalska
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of SciencesKraków, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of SciencesKraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Hess
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of SciencesKraków, Poland.,Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian UniversityKraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Tokarski
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of SciencesKraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gądek-Michalska A, Tadeusz J, Rachwalska P, Bugajski J. Psychosocial stress inhibits additional stress-induced hyperexpression of NO synthases and IL-1β in brain structures. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:1178-1196. [PMID: 27649096 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HIP) and hypothalamus (HT) during chronic crowding (CS) (psychosocial) and restraint (RS) (physico-psychological) stress. Adaptational changes of these stress mediators to a subsequent acute RS, in two models of chronic stress were investigated. METHODS Rats were crowded (24 in one cage) or restrained in metal tubes for 10min twice a day for 3, 7, and 14 consecutive days and decapitated. For determination of adaptational changes the chronically crowded and restrained rats 24h after the last stress session were subjected to a single 10min RS. The IL-1β, nNOS and iNOS protein levels in brain structures samples were analyzed by Western blot procedure. RESULTS Chronic CS for 3days did not markedly change the subsequent acute stress induced expression of nNOS, iNOS and IL-1β protein level in PFC and iNOS protein level in HT. CS markedly decreased the expression of nNOS, iNOS and IL-1β in HIP. By contrast, parallel chronic RS, significantly increased the subsequent acute stress-induced expression of iNOS and IL-1β in PFC and considerably increased iNOS level in HT. CONCLUSION Chronic psychosocial stress, may protect against possible harmful action of hyperproduction of iNOS and iNOS derived nitric oxide (NO) mainly in PFC and HIP. By contrast, chronic physico-psychosocial stress may strongly potentiate additional stress-induced harmful effects of NOS and IL-1β hyperproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gądek-Michalska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Physiology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna street 12, Poland.
| | - Joanna Tadeusz
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Physiology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna street 12, Poland
| | - Paulina Rachwalska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Physiology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna street 12, Poland
| | - Jan Bugajski
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Physiology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna street 12, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Popolo A, Adesso S, Pinto A, Autore G, Marzocco S. L-Arginine and its metabolites in kidney and cardiovascular disease. Amino Acids 2014; 46:2271-86. [PMID: 25161088 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1825-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
L-Arginine is a semi essential amino acid synthesised from glutamine, glutamate and proline via the intestinal-renal axis in humans and most mammals. L-Arginine degradation occurs via multiple pathways initiated by arginase, nitric-oxide synthase, Arg: glycine amidinotransferase, and Arg decarboxylase. These pathways produce nitric oxide, polyamines, proline, glutamate, creatine and agmatine with each having enormous biological importance. Several disease are associated to an L-arginine impaired levels and/or to its metabolites: in particular various L-arginine metabolites may participate in pathogenesis of kidney and cardiovascular disease. L-Arginine and its metabolites may constitute both a marker of pathology progression both the rationale for manipulating L-arginine metabolism as a strategy to ameliorate these disease. A large number of studies have been performed in experimental models of kidney disease with sometimes conflicting results, which underlie the complexity of Arg metabolism and our incomplete knowledge of all the mechanisms involved. Moreover several lines of evidence demonstrate the role of L-arg metabolites in cardiovascular disease and that L-arg administration role in reversing endothelial dysfunction, which is the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. This review will discuss the implication of the mains L-arginine metabolites and L-arginine-derived guanidine compounds in kidney and cardiovascular disease considering the more recent literature in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ada Popolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dasdag S, Bilgin H, Akdag M, Celik H, Aksen F. Effect of Long Term Mobile Phone Exposure on Oxidative-Antioxidative Processes and Nitric Oxide in Rats. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2008.10817595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
19
|
Simon A, Karbach S, Habermeier A, Closs EI. Decoding the substrate supply to human neuronal nitric oxide synthase. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67707. [PMID: 23874440 PMCID: PMC3706577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide, produced by the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) from L-arginine is an important second messenger molecule in the central nervous system: It influences the synthesis and release of neurotransmitters and plays an important role in long-term potentiation, long-term depression and neuroendocrine secretion. However, under certain pathological conditions such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease, stroke and multiple sclerosis, excessive NO production can lead to tissue damage. It is thus desirable to control NO production in these situations. So far, little is known about the substrate supply to human nNOS as a determinant of its activity. Measuring bioactive NO via cGMP formation in reporter cells, we demonstrate here that nNOS in both, human A673 neuroepithelioma and TGW-nu-I neuroblastoma cells can be fast and efficiently nourished by extracellular arginine that enters the cells via membrane transporters (pool I that is freely exchangeable with the extracellular space). When this pool was depleted, NO synthesis was partially sustained by intracellular arginine sources not freely exchangeable with the extracellular space (pool II). Protein breakdown made up by far the largest part of pool II in both cell types. In contrast, citrulline to arginine conversion maintained NO synthesis only in TGW-nu-I neuroblastoma, but not A673 neuroepithelioma cells. Histidine mimicked the effect of protease inhibitors causing an almost complete nNOS inhibition in cells incubated additionally in lysine that depletes the exchangeable arginine pool. Our results identify new ways to modulate nNOS activity by modifying its substrate supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Simon
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Karbach
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alice Habermeier
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ellen I. Closs
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gądek-Michalska A, Tadeusz J, Rachwalska P, Spyrka J, Bugajski J. Effect of repeated restraint on homotypic stress-induced nitric oxide synthases expression in brain structures regulating HPA axis. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 64:1381-90. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
21
|
Brain nitric oxide synthases in the interleukin-1β-induced activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 64:1455-65. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70943-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
22
|
Li Q, Liu Y, Che Z, Zhu H, Meng G, Hou Y, Ding B, Yin Y, Chen F. Dietary L-arginine supplementation alleviates liver injury caused by Escherichia coli LPS in weaned pigs. Innate Immun 2012; 18:804-14. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425912441955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate whether dietary supplementation with L-arginine (Arg) could attenuate Escherichia coli LPS-induced liver injury through the TLR4 signaling pathway in weaned pigs. Eighteen weaned pigs were allotted to three treatments: non-challenged control, LPS challenged control and LPS + 0.5% Arg. On d 18, pigs were injected with LPS at 100 µg/kg of body weight (BW) or sterile saline. Blood samples were obtained at 4 h post-injection. Pigs were then sacrificed for the collection of liver samples. Arg supplementation (0.5%) alleviated liver morphological impairment, including hepatocyte caryolysis, karyopycnosis and fibroblast proliferation induced by LPS challenge; it mitigated the increase of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities induced by LPS ( P < 0.05); it prevented the increase of hepatic TNF-α, malondialdehyde contents and mast cell number induced by LPS administration ( P < 0.05); and it attenuated the elevation of hepatic NF- κB and TLR4-positive cell percentages ( P < 0.05). These results indicate that Arg supplementation has beneficial effects in attenuating hepatic morphological and functional injury induced by LPS challenge in piglets. Additionally, it is possible that the protective effects of Arg on the liver are associated with a decreased release of liver pro-inflammatory cytokines and free radicals through inhibiting TLR4 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengquan Che
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiling Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoquan Meng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Yulong Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Workman JL, Weber MD, Nelson RJ. Dietary arginine depletion reduces depressive-like responses in male, but not female, mice. Behav Brain Res 2011; 223:81-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
24
|
Monasterio N, Morales T. Nitric oxide has a role in attenuating the neuroendocrine response to anaphylactoid stress during lactation. Brain Res 2011; 1402:54-66. [PMID: 21696708 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Stress increases nitric oxide (NO) production in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). Lactation diminishes the response to stress and increases basal NO production markers in the PVH of the dam. This study investigated whether lactation modified the anaphylactic reaction to egg white (EW) injection, and if nitric oxide regulates the neuroendocrine response to this stressor. The activational response of PVH to EW was assessed by c-Fos immunohistochemistry, and NO production was determined by histological staining of NADPH-diaphorase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and by measuring the concentration of total nitrates and nitrites (NOx) in the hypothalamus of lactating and diestrus rats. EW injection significantly increased the number of Fos-positive neurons in the parvocellular subdivision of the PVH in diestrus, but not in lactating rats. Similarly, EW injection increased the number of NADPH-diaphorase- and nNOS-positive cells in the PVH of diestrus rats, but it did not alter the already increased basal number of NO-positive cells in lactating rats. Furthermore, the total concentration of NOx in the hypothalamus, the circulating level of corticosterone and interleukin-6 increased significantly after EW in diestrus, but not in lactating rats, compared to their corresponding controls. Intracerebral administration of L-NAME, a general NOS inhibitor, reversed the attenuation of the activational response to EW in the PVH of lactating rats. The present results show that lactation diminishes the anaphylactoid reaction to EW compared to that in diestrus rats. This attenuation was absent after L-NAME treatment, suggesting that sustained NO production in the PVH during lactation may limit the neuroendocrine response to stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nela Monasterio
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 76230 Querétaro, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sun Z, Liu YD, Zhong RG. Carbon Dioxide in the Nitrosation of Amine: Catalyst or Inhibitor? J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7753-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jp202002m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Sun
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Dong Liu
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Gang Zhong
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Vega C, Moreno-Carranza B, Zamorano M, Quintanar-Stéphano A, Méndez I, Thebault S, Martínez de la Escalera G, Clapp C. Prolactin promotes oxytocin and vasopressin release by activating neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 299:R1701-8. [PMID: 20943859 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00575.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) stimulates the secretion of oxytocin (OXT) and arginine AVP as part of the maternal adaptations facilitating parturition and lactation. Both neurohormones are under the regulation of nitric oxide. Here, we investigate whether the activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system mediates the effect of PRL on OXT and AVP release and whether these effects operate in males. Plasma levels of OXT and AVP were measured in male rats after the intracerebroventricular injection of PRL or after inducing hyperprolactinemia by placing two anterior pituitary glands under the kidney capsule. NOS activity was evaluated in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) hypothalamic nuclei by NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry and in hypothalamic extracts by the phosphorylation/inactivation of nNOS at Ser847. Elevated central and systemic PRL correlated with increased NOS activity in the PVN and SON and with higher OXT and AVP circulating levels. Notably, treatment with 7-nitroindazole, a selective inhibitor of nNOS, prevented PRL-induced stimulation of the release of both neurohormones. Also, phosphorylation of nNOS was reduced in hyperprolactinemic rats, and treatment with bromocriptine, an inhibitor of anterior pituitary PRL secretion, suppressed this effect. These findings suggest that PRL enhances nNOS activity in the PVN and SON, thereby contributing to the regulation of OXT and AVP release. This mechanism likely contributes to the regulation of processes beyond those of female reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vega
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Bibiana Moreno-Carranza
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Miriam Zamorano
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | | | - Isabel Méndez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
- Departamento de Biología Reproductiva, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | - Stéphanie Thebault
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | | | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Oh SJ, Heo JI, Kho YJ, Kim JH, Kang HJ, Park SH, Kim HS, Shin JY, Kim MJ, Kim SC, Park JB, Kim J, Lee JY. Nitric oxide is an essential mediator for neuronal differentiation of rat primary cortical neuron cells. Exp Neurobiol 2010; 19:83-9. [PMID: 22110346 PMCID: PMC3214780 DOI: 10.5607/en.2010.19.2.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) regulates proliferation, differentiation and survival of neurons. Although NO is reported to involve in NGF-induced differentiation of PC12 cells, the role of NO has not been characterized in primary neuron cells. Therefore, we investigated the role of NO in neuronal differentiation of primary cortical neuron cells. Primary cortical neuron cells were prepared from rat embryos of embryonic day 18 and treated with NMMA (NOS inhibitor) or PTIO (NO scavenger). Neurite outgrowth of neuron cells was counted and the mRNA levels of p21, p27, c-jun and c-myc were measured by RT-PCR. Neurite outgrowth of primary cortical neuron cells was inhibited a little by NOS inhibitor and completely by NO scavenger. The mRNA levels of p21 and p27, differentiation-induced growth arrest genes were increased during differentiation, but they were decreased by NOS inhibitor or NO scavenger. On the other hand, the level of c-jun mRNA was not changed and the level of c-myc mRNA was increased during differentiation differently from previously reported. The levels of these mRNA were reversed in NOS inhibitor- or NO scavenger-treated cells. The level of nNOS protein was not changed but NOS activity was inhibited largely by NOS inhibitor or NO scavenger. These results suggest that NO is an essential mediator for neuronal differentiation of primary cortical neuron cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
The coexpression of reelin and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in a subpopulation of dentate gyrus neurons is downregulated in heterozygous reeler mice. Neural Plast 2010; 2010:130429. [PMID: 21331324 PMCID: PMC2943590 DOI: 10.1155/2010/130429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin is an extracellular matrix protein expressed in several interneuron subtypes in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is also expressed by interneurons in these areas. We investigated whether reelin and nNOS are co-localized in the same population of hippocampal interneurons, and whether this colocalization is altered in the heterozygous reeler mouse. We found colocalization of nNOS in reelin-positive cells in the CA1 stratum radiatum and lacunosum moleculare, the CA3 stratum radiatum, and the dentate gyrus subgranular zone, molecular layer, and hilus. In heterozygous reeler mice, the colocalization of nNOS in reelin-positive cells was significantly decreased only in the subgranular zone and molecular layer. The coexpression of reelin and nNOS in several hippocampal regions suggests that reelin and nNOS may work synergistically to promote glutamatergic function, and the loss of this coexpression in heterozygous reeler mice may underlie some of the behavioral deficits observed in these animals.
Collapse
|
29
|
McClellan KM, Stratton MS, Tobet SA. Roles for gamma-aminobutyric acid in the development of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. J Comp Neurol 2010; 518:2710-28. [PMID: 20506472 PMCID: PMC2879086 DOI: 10.1002/cne.22360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) involves several factors that work together to establish a cell group that regulates neuroendocrine functions and behaviors. Several molecular markers were noted within the developing PVN, including estrogen receptors (ER), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). By contrast, immunoreactive gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was found in cells and fibers surrounding the PVN. Two animal models were used to test the hypothesis that GABA works through GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors to influence the development of the PVN. Treatment with bicuculline to decrease GABA(A) receptor signaling from embryonic day (E) 10 to E17 resulted in fewer cells containing immunoreactive (ir) ERalpha in the region of the PVN vs. control. GABA(B)R1 receptor subunit knockout mice were used to examine the PVN at P0 without GABA(B) signaling. In female but not male GABA(B)R1 subunit knockout mice, the positions of cells containing ir ERalpha shifted from medial to lateral compared with wild-type controls, whereas the total number of ir ERalpha-containing cells was unchanged. In E17 knockout mice, ir nNOS cells and fibers were spread over a greater area. There was also a significant decrease in ir BDNF in the knockout mice in a region-dependent manner. Changes in cell position and protein expression subsequent to disruption of GABA signaling may be due, in part, to changes in nNOS and BDNF signaling. Based on the current study, the PVN can be added as another site where GABA exerts morphogenetic actions in development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristy M. McClellan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
- School of Science, Buena Vista University, Storm Lake, IA 50588
| | - Matthew S. Stratton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Stuart A. Tobet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Amino acids: metabolism, functions, and nutrition. Amino Acids 2009; 37:1-17. [PMID: 19301095 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1614] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2009] [Accepted: 03/01/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the discovery that amino acids (AA) are not only cell signaling molecules but are also regulators of gene expression and the protein phosphorylation cascade. Additionally, AA are key precursors for syntheses of hormones and low-molecular weight nitrogenous substances with each having enormous biological importance. Physiological concentrations of AA and their metabolites (e.g., nitric oxide, polyamines, glutathione, taurine, thyroid hormones, and serotonin) are required for the functions. However, elevated levels of AA and their products (e.g., ammonia, homocysteine, and asymmetric dimethylarginine) are pathogenic factors for neurological disorders, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease. Thus, an optimal balance among AA in the diet and circulation is crucial for whole body homeostasis. There is growing recognition that besides their role as building blocks of proteins and polypeptides, some AA regulate key metabolic pathways that are necessary for maintenance, growth, reproduction, and immunity. They are called functional AA, which include arginine, cysteine, glutamine, leucine, proline, and tryptophan. Dietary supplementation with one or a mixture of these AA may be beneficial for (1) ameliorating health problems at various stages of the life cycle (e.g., fetal growth restriction, neonatal morbidity and mortality, weaning-associated intestinal dysfunction and wasting syndrome, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, the metabolic syndrome, and infertility); (2) optimizing efficiency of metabolic transformations to enhance muscle growth, milk production, egg and meat quality and athletic performance, while preventing excess fat deposition and reducing adiposity. Thus, AA have important functions in both nutrition and health.
Collapse
|
31
|
Li X, Bazer FW, Gao H, Jobgen W, Johnson GA, Li P, McKnight JR, Satterfield MC, Spencer TE, Wu G. Amino acids and gaseous signaling. Amino Acids 2009; 37:65-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
32
|
High fat feeding and dietary L-arginine supplementation differentially regulate gene expression in rat white adipose tissue. Amino Acids 2009; 37:187-98. [PMID: 19212806 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0246-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dietary L-arginine (Arg) supplementation reduces white-fat gain in diet-induced obese rats but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that Arg treatment affects expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in adipose tissue. Four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet for 15 weeks. Thereafter, lean or obese rats continued to be fed their same respective diets and received drinking water containing 1.51% Arg-HCl or 2.55% L: -alanine (isonitrogenous control). After 12 weeks of Arg supplementation, rats were euthanized to obtain retroperitoneal adipose tissue for analyzing global changes in gene expression by microarray. The results were confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. HF feeding decreased mRNA levels for lipogenic enzymes, AMP-activated protein kinase, glucose transporters, heme oxygenase 3, glutathione synthetase, superoxide dismutase 3, peroxiredoxin 5, glutathione peroxidase 3, and stress-induced protein, while increasing expression of carboxypeptidase-A, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha, caspase 2, caveolin 3, and diacylglycerol kinase. In contrast, Arg supplementation reduced mRNA levels for fatty acid binding protein 1, glycogenin, protein phosphates 1B, caspases 1 and 2, and hepatic lipase, but increased expression of PPARgamma, heme oxygenase 3, glutathione synthetase, insulin-like growth factor II, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor, and stress-induced protein. Biochemical analysis revealed oxidative stress in white adipose tissue of HF-fed rats, which was prevented by Arg supplementation. Collectively, these results indicate that HF diet and Arg supplementation differentially regulate gene expression to affect energy-substrate oxidation, redox state, fat accretion, and adipocyte differentiation in adipose tissue. Our findings provide a molecular mechanism to explain a beneficial effect of Arg on ameliorating diet-induced obesity in mammals.
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Obesity and type-II diabetes are growing major health issues worldwide. They are the leading risk factors for vascular insulin resistance, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in developed nations. Recent studies have shown that reduced synthesis of nitric oxide (NO; a major vasodilator) from L-arginine in endothelial cells is a major factor contributing to the impaired action of insulin in the vasculature of obese and diabetic subjects. The decreased NO generation results from a deficiency of (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin [BH4; an essential cofactor for NO synthase (NOS)], as well as increased generation of glucosamine (an inhibitor of the pentose cycle for the production of NADPH, another cofactor for NOS) from glucose and L-glutamine. Accordingly, endothelial dysfunction can be prevented by (1) enhancement of BH4 synthesis through supplementation of its precursor (sepiapterin) via the salvage pathway; (2) transfer of the gene for GTP cyclohydrolase-I (the first and key regulatory enzyme for de novo synthesis of BH4); or (3) dietary supplementation of L-arginine (which stimulates GTP cyclohydrolase-I expression and inhibits hexosamine production). Modulation of the arginine-NO pathway by BH4 and arginine is beneficial for ameliorating vascular insulin resistance in obesity and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wu G, Bazer FW, Davis TA, Kim SW, Li P, Marc Rhoads J, Carey Satterfield M, Smith SB, Spencer TE, Yin Y. Arginine metabolism and nutrition in growth, health and disease. Amino Acids 2008; 37:153-68. [PMID: 19030957 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-008-0210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 809] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
L-Arginine (Arg) is synthesised from glutamine, glutamate, and proline via the intestinal-renal axis in humans and most other mammals (including pigs, sheep and rats). Arg degradation occurs via multiple pathways that are initiated by arginase, nitric-oxide synthase, Arg:glycine amidinotransferase, and Arg decarboxylase. These pathways produce nitric oxide, polyamines, proline, glutamate, creatine, and agmatine with each having enormous biological importance. Arg is also required for the detoxification of ammonia, which is an extremely toxic substance for the central nervous system. There is compelling evidence that Arg regulates interorgan metabolism of energy substrates and the function of multiple organs. The results of both experimental and clinical studies indicate that Arg is a nutritionally essential amino acid (AA) for spermatogenesis, embryonic survival, fetal and neonatal growth, as well as maintenance of vascular tone and hemodynamics. Moreover, a growing body of evidence clearly indicates that dietary supplementation or intravenous administration of Arg is beneficial in improving reproductive, cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal, liver and immune functions, as well as facilitating wound healing, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and maintaining tissue integrity. Additionally, Arg or L-citrulline may provide novel and effective therapies for obesity, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. The effect of Arg in treating many developmental and health problems is unique among AAs, and offers great promise for improved health and wellbeing of humans and animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
He Q, Kong X, Wu G, Ren P, Tang H, Hao F, Huang R, Li T, Tan B, Li P, Tang Z, Yin Y, Wu Y. Metabolomic analysis of the response of growing pigs to dietary L-arginine supplementation. Amino Acids 2008; 37:199-208. [PMID: 18989615 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-008-0192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 10/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arginine plays an important role regulating nutrient metabolism, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary arginine supplementation on the metabolome in serum of growing pigs using (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Sixteen 120-day-old pigs (48 +/- 1 kg) were randomly assigned to one of two groups, representing supplementation with 0 or 1.0% L: -arginine to corn- and soybean meal-based diets. Serum was collected after a 46-day period of treatment. Dietary arginine supplementation decreased fat deposition and increased protein accretion in the body. Principal component analysis showed that serum concentrations of low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, and urea were lower, but concentrations of creatinine, tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites, ornithine, lysine and tyrosine were greater in arginine-supplemented than in control pigs. Additionally, the arginine treatment affected serum concentrations of nitrogenous and lipid signaling molecules (glycerophosphorylcholine and myo-inositol) and intestinal bacterial metabolites (formate, ethanol, methylamine, dimethylamine, acetate, and propionate). These novel findings suggest that dietary arginine supplementation alters the catabolism of fat and amino acids in the whole body, enhances protein synthesis in skeletal muscle, and modulates intestinal microbial metabolism in growing pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 330047, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dietary supplementation with cholesterol and docosahexaenoic acid affects concentrations of amino acids in tissues of young pigs. Amino Acids 2008; 37:709-16. [PMID: 18972185 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-008-0196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are important nutrients for neural development of infants. However, little is known about the effect of cholesterol or DHA on concentrations of amino acids (AA) in neonatal tissues. This study was conducted with the piglet (an established model for studying human infant nutrition) to test the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with the lipids may modulate AA availability in tissues. Sixteen newborn pigs were nursed by sows for 24 h and then assigned to one of four treatment groups, representing supplementation with 0.0% (control), 0.2% cholesterol, 0.2% DHA, or cholesterol plus DHA to the basal milk-formula. All piglets were euthanized at 49 days of age. In brain, cholesterol supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) concentrations of glutamate, serine, glutamine, threonine, beta-alanine, alanine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, and gamma-aminobutyrate but increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of glycine and lysine, whereas DHA supplementation similarly affected (P < 0.05) concentrations of the same AA (except for isoleucine and lysine) and taurine. In addition, concentrations of most AA in liver, muscle and plasma were substantially altered by dietary supplementation of cholesterol and DHA in a tissue-dependent manner. Further, DHA reduced concentrations of carnosine in skeletal muscle, as well as ammonia in both plasma and brain. The results reveal that cholesterol and DHA can regulate AA metabolism and availability in various tissues of piglets. These novel findings have important implications for designing the next generation of infant formula to optimize neonatal growth and development.
Collapse
|
37
|
Han J, Liu YL, Fan W, Chao J, Hou YQ, Yin YL, Zhu HL, Meng GQ, Che ZQ. Dietary l-arginine supplementation alleviates immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide in weaned pigs. Amino Acids 2008; 37:643-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-008-0184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|