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Mumtaz F, Farag BM, Farahat MA, Farouk FA, Aarif MY, Eltresy MH, Amin MH, Habotta OA, Alneghery LM, Alawam AS, Almuqri EA, Aleissa MS, Alhudhaibi AM, Al-Olayan E, Abdel Moneim AE, Ramadan SS. Leek (Allium ampeloprasum var. kurrat) aqueous extract loaded on selenium nanoparticles protects against testis and brain injury induced by mercuric chloride in rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38993070 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) is poisonous to humans and animals and typically damages the nervous system and other organs. Mercuric chloride exposition disclosed to initiation of oxidative stress pathway can result in a defect in male fertility and testis tissue. Synthesized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were characterized with a diameter range minimal than 100 nm, having the effective sets of the biological matter. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of biosynthesized SeNPs, prepared by leek extract on Wistar rats' testicles and brain. METHODS Thirty-five Wistar male rats (120-150 g) were randomly split into five groups (n = 7), orally ingested with leek aqueous extract loaded on SeNPs, and then the animals were administered with mercury II chloride (HgCl2) to induce testis injury and damage the nervous system. RESULTS The used dose of mercuric chloride led to oxidative stress damage in the testis of the rats which was evidenced by a decrease in testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels, and an increase in nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and caspase-3. Also, HgCl2 decreased the levels of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brains of rats. In addition, A decrease was observed in the levels of antioxidant markers, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), as well as an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), NF-κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and Bax in both testes and brains. Pre-treatment with leek extract loaded on SeNPs significantly ameliorated testosterone, LH, FSH, PCNA and caspase-3 levels in the testis and DA, 5-HT, NE and BDNF in brains. Although the contents of MDA, NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB and Bax decreased significantly in both. glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and Bcl-2 levels were significantly improved in both organs. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that treatment with aqueous leek extract loaded on SeNPs may offer promising prospects for the advancement of anti-inflammation activity against testis injury and also have a very key role in neurobehavioral alterations as a result of mercury toxicity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Mumtaz
- Department of Biology, Collage of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Bahaa M Farag
- Molecular Biotechnology Sector, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mennatullah A Farahat
- Molecular Biotechnology Sector, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Farouk
- Molecular Biotechnology Sector, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Moataz Y Aarif
- Molecular Biotechnology Sector, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Eltresy
- Molecular Biotechnology Sector, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Menna H Amin
- Biochemistry Sector, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola A Habotta
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Lina M Alneghery
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Alawam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A Almuqri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Aleissa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman M Alhudhaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtesam Al-Olayan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shimaa S Ramadan
- Biochemistry Sector, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Georgin J, Franco DSP, Dehmani Y, Nguyen-Tri P, El Messaoudi N. Current status of advancement in remediation technologies for the toxic metal mercury in the environment: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174501. [PMID: 38971239 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Currently, pollution due to heavy metals, in particular dissolved mercury, is a major concern for society and the environment. This work aims to evaluate the current scenario regarding the removal/elimination of mercury. Mercury removal through adsorption is mainly done through artificial resins and metallic-organic frameworks. In the case of the zinc organic framework, it was able to adsorb Hg2+, reaching an adsorption capacity of 802 mg g-1. As for the Hg(0) the coconut husk was found to have the lowest equilibrium time, 30 min, and the highest adsorption capacity of 956.2 mg g-1. Experimental reports and molecular simulation indicate that the adsorption of mercury and other chemical forms occurs due to electrostatic interactions, ion exchange, precipitation, complexation, chelation, and covalent bonds, according to the material nature. The reported thermodynamic results show that, in most cases, the mercury adsorption has an endothermic nature with enthalpy levels below 40 kJ mol-1. Thermal and chemical regeneration methods lead to a similar number of 5 cycles for different materials. The presence of other ions, in particular cadmium, lead, and copper, generates an antagonistic effect for mercury adsorption. Regarding the other current technologies, it was found that mercury removal is feasible through precipitation, phytoremediation, and marine microalgae; all these methods require constant chemicals or a slow rate of removal according to the conditions. Advanced oxidative processes have noteworthy removal of Hg(0); however, Fenton processes lead to mineralization, which leads to Fe2+ and Fe3+ in solution; sonochemical processes are impossible to scale up at the current technology level; and electrochemical processes consume more energy and require constant changes of the anode and cathode. Overall, it is possible to conclude that the adsorption process remains a more friendly, economical, and greener process in comparison with other processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Georgin
- Department of Civil and Environmental. Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Dison Stracke Pfingsten Franco
- Department of Civil and Environmental. Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia.
| | - Younes Dehmani
- Laboratory of Chemistry/Biology Applied to the Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, BP 11201-Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco
| | - Phuong Nguyen-Tri
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environment, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Noureddine El Messaoudi
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco.
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Abubakar MG, Agbon AN, Musa SA, Hamman WO, Oladele SB. Biochemical, morphological and molecular assessments of n butanol fraction of Phoenix dactylifera L. following exposure to inorganic mercury on the liver of Wistar rats. Lab Anim Res 2024; 40:15. [PMID: 38641806 PMCID: PMC11027370 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-024-00203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mercury chloride (HgCl2) damages tissues it comes in contact with in sufficient concentration. This study evaluated the protective effects of n-butanol fraction of Phoenix dactylifera (BFPD) on mercury-triggered liver toxicity in Wistar rats. 25 male rats were divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each. Group I was administered 2 ml/kg of distilled water; group II was administered 5 mg/kg of HgCl2; group III was administered 500 mg/kg of BFPD + 5 mg/kg of HgCl2; group IV was administered 1000 mg/kg of BFPD + 5 mg/kg of HgCl2, while group V was administered 100 mg/kg of silymarin + 5 mg/kg of HgCl2. orally for 2 weeks. The rats were euthanized and liver tissue blood samples were collected for histological, histochemical, stereological, immunohistochemical, molecular, and biochemical studies. RESULTS The results revealed that HgCl2 induced oxidative stress in the rats evident by histoarchitectural distortions and altered levels of liver enzymes, proteins, and oxidative stress biomarkers when compared to the control. However, BFPD treatment restored these changes. Glutathione peroxidase levels decreased (p < 0.05) in the HgCl2-treated group when compared to the control and BFPD-treated groups. HgCl2 group revealed reduced reactivity with histochemical and immunohistochemical stains (Masson's Trichrome and B cell Lymphoma 2) when compared to the control, with a significant decrease in quantified liver Bcl-2 stain intensity when compared to the silymarin-treated group. BFPD administration revealed normal staining intensity comparable to the control. HgCl2 administration revealed a remarked decrease in the number of hepatocytes when compared to the control, BFPD, and silymarin groups. BFPD preserved (p < 0.05) the stereological features when compared to the HgCl2-treated group. GPx activity in the liver decreased (p < 0.05) with HgCl2 administration when compared to the control and silymarin-treated groups. BFPD attenuated GPx gene activity to levels similar to the control indicating some level of amelioration against HgCl2-induced toxicity. CONCLUSIONS The ability of BFPD to mitigate HgCl2 triggered liver alterations could be attributed to the antioxidant property of its flavonoid content. Therefore, BFPD may be a potential candidate for treating and managing liver-induced mercury intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Garba Abubakar
- Microscopy and Stereology Research Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
- Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria.
| | - A N Agbon
- Microscopy and Stereology Research Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - S A Musa
- Microscopy and Stereology Research Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - W O Hamman
- Microscopy and Stereology Research Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - S B Oladele
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Li W, Hou Y, Wang Y, Liu R, Zhang H, Luo Y, Li Q, Njolibimi M, Hong B, Xu T. Shizao decoction for cirrhotic ascites: assessing potential targets based on network analysis combined with pharmacokinetics and metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1298818. [PMID: 38323084 PMCID: PMC10844526 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1298818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Shizao decoction (SZD) is a traditional Chinese medicine decoction that has therapeutic effects on cirrhotic ascites (CAS). Because of the unclear treatment mechanism, in the current study, the anti-CAS activity of SZD and molecular mechanisms were analyzed by network analysis combined with pharmacokinetics and metabolomics. Methods: Firstly, we assessed the anti-CAS efficacy of SZD by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), liver function tests, NO and ET-1 levels, and portal venous pressure. Secondly, network analysis was applied to dig out the metabolites, targets, and pathways related to SZD and CAS. Then, the pharmacokinetics of the pharmacokinetically relevant metabolites (PRM) were analyzed. Thirdly, the serum and urine metabolic biomarkers of rats with CAS were identified using metabolomics by comparing them with the SZD treatment group. In addition, MetaboAnalyst was utilized to conduct metabolic pathway analysis. Finally, the correlation analysis established a dynamic connection between absorbed PRM from SZD and CAS-associated endogenous metabolites. Results: Pharmacodynamic analysis indicated that SZD effectively mitigated liver injury symptoms by ameliorating inflammatory cell infiltration in CAS rats. The network analysis results indicated that twelve RPM contribute to the therapeutic efficacy of SZD against CAS; the key signaling pathways involved might be hepatitis B and PI3K-Akt. Pharmacokinetics results showed that the 12 RPM were efficiently absorbed into rat plasma, ensuring desirable bioavailability. The metabolomic analysis yielded 21 and 23 significantly distinct metabolites from the serum and urine, respectively. The 12 bioavailable SZD-PRM, such as luteolin, apigenin, and rutin, may be associated with various CAS-altered metabolites related to tryptophan metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, glycine metabolism, etc. Discussion: A novel paradigm was provided in this study to identify the potential mechanisms of pharmacological effects derived from a traditional Chinese medicine decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yujiao Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Comprehensive Support Center, Arongqi Medical Security Bureau, Hulunbuir, China
| | - Ronghong Liu
- Pharmacy Department, Xichong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nanchong, China
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yanqiong Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | | | - Bo Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Tao Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
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5
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Mou HZ, Pan J, Zhao CL, Xing L, Mo Y, Kang B, Chen HY, Xu JJ. Nanometer Resolution Mass Spectro-Microtomography for In-Depth Anatomical Profiling of Single Cells. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37184339 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Visually identifying the molecular changes in single cells is of great importance for unraveling fundamental cellular functions as well as disease mechanisms. Herein, we demonstrated a mass spectro-microtomography with an optimal voxel resolution of ∼300 × 300 × 25 nm3, which enables three-dimensional tomography of chemical substances in single cells. This mass imaging method allows for the distinguishment of abundant endogenous and exogenous molecules in subcellular structures. Combined with statistical analysis, we demonstrated this method for spatial metabolomics analysis of drug distribution and subsequent molecular damages caused by intracellular drug action. More interestingly, thanks to the nanoprecision ablation depth (∼12 nm), we realized metabolomics profiling of cell membrane without the interference of cytoplasm and improved the distinction of cancer cells from normal cells. Our current method holds great potential to be a powerful tool for spatially resolved single-cell metabolomics analysis of chemical components during complex biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Zhang Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianbin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cong-Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuxiang Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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6
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Wang H, Ni X, Dong W, Qin W, Xu L, Jiang Y. Accurately quantified plasma free glycine concentration as a biomarker in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Amino Acids 2023; 55:385-402. [PMID: 36697969 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We developed a hollow fiber centrifugal ultrafiltration (HFCF-UF) method to study the change of plasma levels of free glycine (Gly) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Twenty-four patients with AIS confirmed by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were enrolled. During the study period, the patients did not receive any supplemental amino acids therapy that could affect the obtained results. Our results showed that although AIS patients adopted different methods of treatment (thrombolytic and non-thrombolytic), the clinical NIHSS score of AIS showed a downward trend whereas Gly concentration showed increased trend. Moreover, plasma free Gly concentration was positively correlated with ASPECTS score. The correlation between Gly levels and infarct volume showed a statistical significance. That is to say, higher Gly level predicted smaller infarct size. Thus, the change of free Gly level in plasma could be considered as a potential biomarker of AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Weichong Dong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Weiman Qin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Ye Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China.
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7
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Abulikemu A, Zhao X, Xu H, Li Y, Ma R, Yao Q, Wang J, Sun Z, Li Y, Guo C. Silica nanoparticles aggravated the metabolic associated fatty liver disease through disturbed amino acid and lipid metabolisms-mediated oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2022; 59:102569. [PMID: 36512914 PMCID: PMC9763688 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a public health challenge, leading to a global increase in chronic liver disease. The respiratory exposure of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) has revealed to induce hepatotoxicity. However, its role in the pathogenesis and progression of MAFLD was severely under-studied. In this context, the hepatic impacts of SiNPs were investigated in vivo and in vitro through using ApoE-/- mice and free fatty acid (FFA)-treated L02 hepatocytes. Histopathological examinations and biochemical analysis showed SiNPs exposure via intratracheal instillation aggravated hepatic steatosis, lipid vacuolation, inflammatory infiltration and even collagen deposition in ApoE-/- mice, companied with increased hepatic ALT, AST and LDH levels. The enhanced fatty acid synthesis and inhibited fatty acid β-oxidation and lipid efflux may account for the increased hepatic TC/TG by SiNPs. Consistently, SiNPs induced lipid deposition and elevated TC in FFA-treated L02 cells. Further, the activation of hepatic oxidative stress was detected in vivo and in vitro, as evidenced by ROS accumulation, elevated MDA, declined GSH/GSSG and down-regulated Nrf2 signaling. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was also triggered in response to SiNPs-induced lipid accumulation, as reflecting by the remarkable ER expansion and increased BIP expression. More importantly, an UPLC-MS-based metabolomics analysis revealed that SiNPs disturbed the hepatic metabolic profile in ApoE-/- mice, prominently on amino acids and lipid metabolisms. In particular, the identified differential metabolites were strongly correlated to the activation of oxidative stress and ensuing hepatic TC/TG accumulation and liver injuries, contributing to the progression of liver diseases. Taken together, our study showed SiNPs promoted hepatic steatosis and liver damage, resulting in the aggravation of MAFLD progression. More importantly, the disturbed amino acids and lipid metabolisms-mediated oxidative stress was a key contributor to this phenomenon from a metabolic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alimire Abulikemu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xinying Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China,Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hailin Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China,Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ru Ma
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China,Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China,Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China,Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Caixia Guo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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8
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Ommati MM, Ahmadi HN, Sabouri S, Retana-Marquez S, Abdoli N, Rashno S, Niknahad H, Jamshidzadeh A, Mousavi K, Rezaei M, Akhlagh A, Azarpira N, Khodaei F, Heidari R. Glycine protects the male reproductive system against lead toxicity via alleviating oxidative stress, preventing sperm mitochondrial impairment, improving kinematics of sperm, and blunting the downregulation of enzymes involved in the steroidogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2990-3006. [PMID: 36088639 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic heavy metal widely dispersed in the environment because of human industrial activities. Many studies revealed that Pb could adversely affect several organs, including the male reproductive system. Pb-induced reproductive toxicity could lead to infertility. Thus, finding safe and clinically applicable protective agents against this complication is important. It has been found that oxidative stress plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of Pb-induced reprotoxicity. Glycine is the simplest amino acid with a wide range of pharmacological activities. It has been found that glycine could attenuate oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment in various experimental models. The current study was designed to evaluate the role of glycine in Pb-induced reproductive toxicity in male mice. Male BALB/c mice received Pb (20 mg/kg/day; gavage; 35 consecutive days) and treated with glycine (250 and 500 mg/kg/day; gavage; 35 consecutive days). Then, reproductive system weight indices, biomarkers of oxidative stress in the testis and isolated sperm, sperm kinetic, sperm mitochondrial indices, and testis histopathological alterations were monitored. A significant change in testis, epididymis, and Vas deferens weight was evident in Pb-treated animals. Markers of oxidative stress were also significantly increased in the testis and isolated sperm of the Pb-treated group. A significant disruption in sperm kinetic was also evident when mice received Pb. Moreover, Pb exposure caused significant deterioration in sperm mitochondrial indices. Tubular injury, tubular desquamation, and decreased spermatogenic index were histopathological alterations detected in Pb-treated mice. It was found that glycine significantly blunted oxidative stress markers in testis and sperm, improved sperm mitochondrial parameters, causing considerable higher velocity-related indices (VSL, VCL, and VAP) and percentages of progressively motile sperm, and decreased testis histopathological changes in Pb-exposed animals. These data suggest glycine as a potential protective agent against Pb-induced reproductive toxicity. The effects of glycine on oxidative stress markers and mitochondrial function play a key role in its protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Nategh Ahmadi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samira Sabouri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Socorro Retana-Marquez
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Narges Abdoli
- Food and Drug Administration, Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Rashno
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mousavi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rezaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Akhlagh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Forouzan Khodaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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9
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Ghosh S, Othmani A, Malloum A, Ke Christ O, Onyeaka H, AlKafaas SS, Nnaji ND, Bornman C, Al-Sharify ZT, Ahmadi S, Dehghani MH, Mubarak NM, Tyagi I, Karri RR, Koduru JR, Suhas. Removal of mercury from industrial effluents by adsorption and advanced oxidation processes: A comprehensive review. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Liu J, Hu W, Ma X, Liang X, Lin L, Huang J, Liu J. 3,4,5-O-tricaffeoylquinic acid alleviates ionizing radiation-induced injury in vitro and in vivo through regulating ROS/JNK/p38 signaling. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:349-361. [PMID: 34741589 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) brings many health problems to humans, causing damage to the digestive system, hematopoietic system, and immune system. Natural compounds derived from plants have attracted widespread attention due to their low toxicity. Here, we found that 3,4,5-O-tricaffeoylquinic acid (tCQA) extracted from natural plant Azolla imbricata could significantly alleviate the systemic damage in mice caused by IR. In order to further explore the molecular mechanism of the radioprotective effect of tCQA, in vitro experiments confirmed that tCQA could attenuate the cytotoxic effect of IR on the colonic epithelial cell line NCM460 and alleviate the IR-induced mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by the decrease of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, ROS production, and caspase-dependent apoptosis. In addition, the generation of ROS induced by H2 O2 could also be reversed by tCQA. Then, Western blot demonstrated that tCQA could reverse the MAPK signaling pathway activated by IR. However, the inhibitory effect of tCQA on JNK and P38 levels activated by the JNK agonist anisomycin is not obvious; meanwhile, tCQA could inhibit the activation of JNK/P38 induced by H2 O2 , which suggests that tCQA might inhibit the JNK/P38 signaling pathway by reducing ROS. In short, tCQA inhibits the generation of ROS caused by IR, and then regulates the activity of caspase in the mitochondrial pathway by inhibiting the JNK/P38 signaling pathway, thereby alleviating the apoptosis of NCM460. This research provides an experimental basis for the development of new types of radioprotective agents for medical diagnosis and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Huang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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11
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Lan Y, Zhu W, Duan X, Deng T, Li S, Liu Y, Yang Z, Wen Y, Luo L, Zhao S, Wang J, Zhao Z, Wu W, Zeng G. Glycine suppresses kidney calcium oxalate crystal depositions via regulating urinary excretions of oxalate and citrate. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6824-6835. [PMID: 33772775 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An abnormal urine composition is a key reason for kidney stone formation, but little is known about the roles of small metabolites in the urine during kidney stone formation. Here, we found urine glycine in patients with kidney calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone was significantly lower than that in healthy people via 1 H NMR spectra detection, and investigated the role and underlying mechanism of glycine in the regulation of CaOx stone formation. Our results showed that glycine could significantly attenuate ethylene glycol-induced CaOx crystal depositions in rat kidney via decreasing urine oxalate and increasing urine citrate. Mechanism studies revealed that glycine could decrease urine oxalate through downregulating Slc26a6 expression, whereas increase urine citrate via inhibiting Nadc1 expression. Moreover, glycine decreased the protein expression of both Slc26a6 and Nadc1 via increasing the expression of miRNA-411-3p, which directly bound to the 3'-untranslated regions of Slc26a6 and Nadc1 messenger RNAs, in vitro and in vivo. Together, our results revealed a novel role of glycine in the regulation of kidney CaOx crystal formation and provided a potential target for the treatment of kidney CaOx stone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lan
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolu Duan
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tuo Deng
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shujue Li
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaoan Wen
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianming Luo
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shankun Zhao
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijian Zhao
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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12
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Gong J, Liu C, Jiao X, He S, Zhao L, Zeng X. A novel near-infrared fluorescent probe with an improved Stokes shift for specific detection of Hg 2+ in mitochondria. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:5238-5244. [PMID: 32609132 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00507j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mercury ion (Hg2+), one of the most notorious heavy metal ions, not only causes environmental pollution, but also endangers human health. There is evidence that Hg2+ tends to accumulate in the mitochondria and to induce apoptosis. However, mitochondria-targeted near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes with large Stokes shifts are still scarcely described for the specific detection of Hg2+. In this work, a novel near-infrared fluorescent probe JRQNS with a large Stokes shift (78 nm) was reported, and applied for sensitive and specific detection of Hg2+ in mitochondria by incorporating an additional amine group with fused rings to rhodamine dyes to enhance the electron donating ability of amine groups. As expected, the probe exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity to Hg2+ with a detection limit as low as 1.5 nM and fast response times (3 min), revealing that JRQNS could be used as a practical probe for quantitative detection of Hg2+ in real-time. Importantly, JRQNS can be used as an efficient organelle-targeting probe for imaging Hg2+ in the mitochondria of living cells, and thus detect Hg2+ in real-time there. The application of the probe for its selective localization in mitochondria along with the nanomolar level of limit of detection to Hg2+ ions provided a potential tool for studying the cytotoxic mechanisms of Hg2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Xiaojie Jiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Song He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xianshun Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
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13
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Yuan L, Shi X, Tang BZ, Wang WX. Real-time in vitro monitoring of the subcellular toxicity of inorganic Hg and methylmercury in zebrafish cells. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 236:105859. [PMID: 34004410 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a prominent environmental contaminant and can cause various subcellular effects. Elucidating the different subcellular toxicities of inorganic Hg (Hg2+) and methylmercury (MeHg) is critical for understanding their overall cytotoxicity. In this study, we employed aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probes to investigate the toxicity of Hg at the subcellular level using an aquatic embryonic zebrafish fibroblast cell line ZF4 as a model. The dynamic monitoring of lysosomal pH and the mapping of pH distribution during Hg2+ or MeHg exposure were successfully realized for the first time. We found that both Hg2+ and MeHg decreased the mean lysosomal pH, but with contrasting effects and mechanisms. Hg2+ had a greater impact on lysosomal pH than MeHg at a similar intracellular concentration. In addition, Hg2+ in comparison to MeHg exposure led to an increased number of lysosomes, probably because of their different effects on autophagy. We further showed that MeHg (200 nM) exposure had an inverse effect on mitochondrial respiratory function. A high dose (1000 nM) of Hg2+ increased the amount of intracellular lipid droplets by 13%, indicating that lipid droplets may potentially play a role in Hg2+detoxification. Our study suggested that, compared with other parameters, lysosome pH was most sensitive to Hg2+ and MeHg. Therefore, lysosomal pH can be used as a potential biomarker to assess the cellular toxicity of Hg in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuliang Yuan
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiujuan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen518057, China.
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14
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Renu K, Chakraborty R, Myakala H, Koti R, Famurewa AC, Madhyastha H, Vellingiri B, George A, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A. Molecular mechanism of heavy metals (Lead, Chromium, Arsenic, Mercury, Nickel and Cadmium) - induced hepatotoxicity - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129735. [PMID: 33736223 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals pose a serious threat if they go beyond permissible limits in our bodies. Much heavy metal's viz. Lead, Chromium, Arsenic, Mercury, Nickel, and Cadmium pose a serious threat when they go beyond permissible limits and cause hepatotoxicity. They cause the generation of ROS which in turn causes numerous injuries and undesirable changes in the liver. Epidemiological studies have shown an increase in the levels of such heavy metals in the environment posing a serious threat to human health. Epigenetic alterations have been seen in the event of exposure to such heavy metals. Apoptosis, caspase activation as well as ultrastructural changes in the hepatocytes have also been seen due to heavy metals. Inflammation involving TNF-alpha, pro-inflammatory cytokines, MAPK, ERK pathways have been seen in the event of heavy metal hepatotoxicity. All these have shown that these heavy metals pose a serious threat to human health in particular and the environment as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaviyarasi Renu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Rituraj Chakraborty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Haritha Myakala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Rajeshwari Koti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Ademola C Famurewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike lkwo, Nigeria
| | - Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889 1692, Japan
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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15
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Zhao Y, Zhou C, Guo X, Hu G, Li G, Zhuang Y, Cao H, Li L, Xing C, Zhang C, Yang F, Liu P. Exposed to Mercury-Induced Oxidative Stress, Changes of Intestinal Microflora, and Association between them in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1900-1907. [PMID: 32734533 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Twelve Kunming mice were randomly divided into two groups (n = 6), and administered with distilled water containing 0 mg/L and 160 mg/L HgCl2 respectively, with an experimental period of 3 days. Our results showed that mercury exposure significantly reduced weight gain in mice (P < 0.01). Through pathological observation of cecum tissues, significant pathological changes were observed in cecum tissues of mice exposed to mercury. Furthermore, mercury exposure not only significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in mice (P < 0.01) but also significantly decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (P < 0.01) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH) level in mice (P < 0.01). Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that at the genus level some microbial populations including Clostridiales, Lactobacillus, Treponema, Oscillospira, and Desulfovibrio were significantly increased whereas some microbial populations including S24-7, Acinetobacter, and Staphylococcus were significantly decreased. Moreover, correlation analysis indicated that microorganisms were not correlated with biomarkers of oxidative stress. In summary, mercury exposure reduced the growth performance of mice, resulting in gut microbiota alterations, and led to oxidative stress by increasing the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreasing the concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Zhao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Changming Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoquan Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guyue Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu Zhuang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lin Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chonghong Xing
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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16
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Liu Y, Sun B, Zhang S, Li J, Qi J, Bai C, Zhang J, Liang S. Glycine alleviates fluoride-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and senescence in a porcine testicular Sertoli cell line. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:884-896. [PMID: 33738852 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glycine is a well-known free radical scavenger in the cellular antioxidant system that prevents oxidative damage and apoptosis. Excessive fluoride exposure is associated with multiple types of cellular damage in humans and animals. The objective of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of glycine on sodium fluoride (NaF) exposure and the possible underlying mechanisms in a porcine testicular Sertoli cell line model. Cellular viability and proliferation were examined following NaF exposure and glycine supplementation, and glycine dramatically ameliorated the decreases in NaF-induced porcine testicular Sertoli cell viability and proliferation. Further investigations revealed that glycine decreased NaF-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species production, DNA fragment accumulation and the apoptosis incidence in the porcine testicular Sertoli cell line; in addition, glycine improved mitochondrial function and ATP production. Notably, results of the SPiDER-β-Gal analysis suggested that glycine alleviated NaF-induced cellular senescence and downregulated P53, P21, HMGA2 and P16INK4a gene expression in the porcine testicular Sertoli cell line. Collectively, the beneficial effects of glycine alleviate NaF-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and senescence, and together with our previous findings, support the hypothesis that glycine plays an important role in protecting against NaF exposure-induced impairments in the porcine testicular Sertoli cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Boxing Sun
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaoxuan Zhang
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiajia Qi
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunyan Bai
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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17
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Binte Hossain KF, Rahman MM, Sikder MT, Hosokawa T, Saito T, Kurasaki M. Regulatory effects of dihydrolipoic acid against inorganic mercury-mediated cytotoxicity and intrinsic apoptosis in PC12 cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 192:110238. [PMID: 32036095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is an extremely dangerous environmental contaminant, responsible for human diseases including neurological disorders. However, the mechanisms of inorganic Hg (iHg)-induced cell death and toxicity are little known. Dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) is the reduced form of a naturally occurring compound lipoic acid, which act as a potent antioxidant through multiple mechanisms. So we hypothesized that DHLA has an inhibitory role on iHg-cytotoxicity. The purposes of this research were to investigate mechanism/s of cytotoxicity of iHg, as well as, the cyto-protection of DHLA against iHg induced toxicity using PC12 cells. Treatment of PC12 cells with HgCl2 (Hg2+) (0-2.5 μM) for 48 h resulted in significant toxic effects, such as, cell viability loss, high level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, DNA damage, cellular glutathione (GSH) level decrease and increased Hg accumulation. In addition, protein level expressions of akt, p-akt, mTOR, GR, NFkB, ERK1, Nrf2 and HO-1 in cells were downregulated; and cleaved caspase 3 and cytochrome c release were upregulated after Hg2+ (2.5 μM) exposure and thus inducing apoptosis. Hg2+induced apoptosis was also confirmed by flow cytometry. However, pretreatment with DHLA (50 μM) for 3 h before Hg2+ (2.5 μM) exposure showed inhibition against iHg2+-induced cytotoxicity by reversing cell viability loss, LDH release, DNA damage, GSH decrease and inhibiting Hg accumulation. Moreover, DHLA pretreatment reversed the protein level expressions of akt, p-akt, mTOR, GR, NFkB, ERK1, Nrf2, HO-1, cleaved caspase 3 and cytochrome c. In conclusion, results showed that DHLA could attenuate Hg2+-induced cytotoxicity via limiting Hg accumulation, boosting up of antioxidant defense, and inhibition of apoptosis in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan; Department of Environmental Science, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tajuddin Sikder
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan; Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Toshiyuki Hosokawa
- Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0817, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Faculty of Health Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kurasaki
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan; Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.
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18
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Caglayan C, Kandemir FM, Darendelioğlu E, Yıldırım S, Kucukler S, Dortbudak MB. Rutin ameliorates mercuric chloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats via interfering with oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 56:60-68. [PMID: 31442956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mercury is a global environmental pollutant and is responsible for several organ pathophysiology including oxidative stress-induced liver disorders. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the potential ameliorative effects of rutin on mercury chloride (HgCl2)-induced hepatotoxicity in adult male rats. METHODS HgCl2 was intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 1.23 mg/kg body weight for 7 days alone or in combination with the orally rutin (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight). RESULTS Rutin treatment significantly improved liver function tests [alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)], and increased activities of antioxidant defense system [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] and glutathione (GSH) content. The histological alterations and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in the HgCl2-induced liver tissues were decreased by administration of rutin. Furthermore, rutin reversed the changes in levels of apoptosis and inflammation related proteins involving p53, Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), cytochrome c, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), B-cell lymphoma-3(Bcl-3) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and inhibited p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and cysteine aspartate specific protease-3 (caspase-3) activations. CONCLUSION The data of the present study suggest that rutin effectively suppress HgCl2-induced hepatotoxicity by ameliorating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuneyt Caglayan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol University, Bingol, 12000, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Darendelioğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yıldırım
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sefa Kucukler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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19
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Lupeol alters viability of SK-RC-45 (Renal cell carcinoma cell line) by modulating its mitochondrial dynamics. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02107. [PMID: 31417967 PMCID: PMC6690575 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common kidney cancer leading to 140,000 deaths per year. Among all RCCs 80% evolve from the epithelial proximal tubular cells within the kidney. There is a high tendency of developing chemoresistance and resistance to radiation therapy in most RCC patients. Therefore, kidney resection is considered as the most effective treatments for patients having localized RCC. There is a high tendency of post-operative recurrence among 20-40% of the patients and this recurrence is not curable. It is also clear that modern medicine has no curative treatment options against metastatic RCC. Lupeol [lup-20(29)-en-3β-ol] is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound naturally found in various edible fruits and in many traditionally used medicinal plants, and has been demonstrated as effective against highly metastatic melanoma and prostate cancers. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of lupeol to RCC with molecular details. Treatment with lupeol on SK-RC-45 (a RCC cell line) with the LC50 dose of 40μM (for 48 h) induces mitochondrial hyper fission which eventually leads to apoptosis while SK-RC-45 counteracts by enhancing autophagy-mediated selective removal of fragmented mitochondria. This is the first study which concurrently reports the effects of lupeol on RCC and its effect on the mitochondrial dynamics of a cell. Herein, we conclude that lupeol has potential to be an effective agent against RCC with the modulation of mitochondrial dynamics.
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Caglayan C, Kandemir FM, Yildirim S, Kucukler S, Eser G. Rutin protects mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxicity via targeting of aquaporin 1 level, oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 54:69-78. [PMID: 31109623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mercury is a dangerous industrial and environmental pollutant which induces severe damage in diverse organs in animal and humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of rutin (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight) against mercuric chloride (HgCl2) (1.23 mg/kg b.w.) toxicity in rats. METHODS The experiment was carried out in male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 35) which was divided into five groups as follow: control, rutin-100, HgCl2, HgCl2 + rutin-50 and HgCl2 + rutin-100. RESULTS The results showed that HgCl2 caused a marked increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and significantly decreased antioxidant enzyme activities (p < 0.05). HgCl2 also provoked inflammatory responses by elevating the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), B-cell lymphoma-3 (Bcl-3), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-33 (IL-33), and activities of mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK 14) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) (p < 0.05). HgCl2 also prompted the apoptotic pathway by increasing the levels of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and p53, expression of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUNT nick end labeling (TUNEL) and cysteine aspartate specific protease-3 (caspase-3). HgCl2 changed histological integrity of kidney and expression of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) while caused a decrease in aquaporin 1 (AQP1) water channel protein level. In contrast to this, rutin significantly decreased oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation and histopathological alterations while increased AQP1 levels in kidney tissues (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The present study indicated that rutin has a nephroprotective effect due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuneyt Caglayan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sefa Kucukler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Gizem Eser
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Insights on alpha lipoic and dihydrolipoic acids as promising scavengers of oxidative stress and possible chelators in mercury toxicology. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 195:111-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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The footprints of mitochondrial impairment and cellular energy crisis in the pathogenesis of xenobiotics-induced nephrotoxicity, serum electrolytes imbalance, and Fanconi's syndrome: A comprehensive review. Toxicology 2019; 423:1-31. [PMID: 31095988 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi's Syndrome (FS) is a disorder characterized by impaired renal proximal tubule function. FS is associated with a vast defect in the renal reabsorption of several chemicals. Inherited and/or acquired conditions seem to be connected with FS. Several xenobiotics including many pharmaceuticals are capable of inducing FS and nephrotoxicity. Although the pathological state of FS is well described, the exact underlying etiology and cellular mechanism(s) of xenobiotics-induced nephrotoxicity, serum electrolytes imbalance, and FS are not elucidated. Constant and high dependence of the renal reabsorption process to energy (ATP) makes mitochondrial dysfunction as a pivotal mechanism which could be involved in the pathogenesis of FS. The current review focuses on the footprints of mitochondrial impairment in the etiology of xenobiotics-induced FS. Moreover, the importance of mitochondria protecting agents and their preventive/therapeutic capability against FS is highlighted. The information collected in this review may provide significant clues to new therapeutic interventions aimed at minimizing xenobiotics-induced renal injury, serum electrolytes imbalance, and FS.
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Ma X, Zhang Y, Jiang D, Yang Y, Wu G, Wu Z. Protective Effects of Functional Amino Acids on Apoptosis, Inflammatory Response, and Pulmonary Fibrosis in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4915-4922. [PMID: 31001980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Lung injury is a complicated and lethal condition characterized by alveolar barrier disruption, pulmonary edema, enhanced inflammation, and apoptosis in alveoli. However, therapeutic strategies to ameliorate lung injury without exerting side effects are not available. Functional amino acids have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects under various conditions. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that arginine, glutamine, or glycine supplementation ameliorated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury in mice. Mice pretreated with aerosolized arginine, glutamine, or glycine were exposed to aerosolized LPS to induce lung injury. Results showed that arginine or glycine pretreatment beneficially reduced LPS-induced collagen deposition, apoptosis of alveolar cells, expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages in lung tissues of mice, thus contributing to improved alveolar integrity and function. Glutamine administration reduced LPS-induced collagen deposition and inflammatory cytokines without affecting any other parameters examined in the study. Our findings indicated that arginine or glycine pretreatment effectively alleviated LPS-induced lung injury by inhibiting the accumulation of lymphocytes, the release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and the apoptosis of alveolar cells. Supplementation of arginine or glycine may be a novel nutritional strategy to reduce deleterious effects of bacterial infection on alveolar function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Yunchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Da Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
- Department of Animal Science , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
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Ghosh S, Ghosh S, Sil PC. Role of nanostructures in improvising oral medicine. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:358-368. [PMID: 31080743 PMCID: PMC6502743 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The most preferable mode of drugs administration is via the oral route but physiological barriers such as pH, enzymatic degradation etc. limit the absolute use of this route. Herein lies the importance of nanotechnology having a wide range of applications in the field of nano-medicine, particularly in drug delivery systems. The exclusive properties particularly small size and high surface area (which can be modified as required), exhibited by these nanoparticlesrender these structures more suitable for the purpose of drug delivery. Various nanostructures, like liposomes, dendrimers, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, etc. have been designed for the said purpose. These nanostructures have several advantages over traditional administration of medicine. Apart from overcoming the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics limitations of many potential therapeutic molecules, they may also be useful for advanced drug delivery purposes like targeted drug delivery, controlled release, enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. In this review, we attempt to describe an up-to-date knowledge on various strategically devised nanostructures to overcome the problems related to oral drug administration.
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Key Words
- 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil
- AD, Alzheimer’s disease
- AMCNS, cationic niosome-based azithromycin delivery systems
- AP, acetylpuerarin
- AT1R, angiotensin II receptor type 1
- AmB, amphotericin B
- BCRP, breast cancer resistance protein
- CNL, conventional lipid nanoparticles
- CSC, core shell corona nanolipoparticles
- DCK, N-deoxycholyl-l-lysyl-methylester
- DDS, drug delivery system
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- DOX, doxorubicin
- Drug delivery system
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention effect
- FRET, Foster resonance energy transfer
- GI, gastrointestinal
- GMO, glyceryl monoolein
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- LG, Lakshadi Guggul
- LNC, Lipid Nanocapsule
- MFS, Miltefosine
- MNBNC, Micronucleated Binucleated Cells
- MSN, mesoporous silica nanoparticle
- MTX, methotrexate
- NP, nanoparticle
- NPC, nanoparticulate carriers
- NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
- Nanostructures
- OA, osteoarthritis
- OXA, oxaliplatin
- Oral medicine
- PAMAM, poly (amidoamine)
- PD, Parkinson’s disease
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PIP, 1-piperoylpiperidine
- PLGA, polylactic-co-glycolic acid
- PNL, PEGylated lipid nanoparticles
- PZQ, praziquantel
- SLN, solid lipid nanoparticle
- SMA, styrene maleic acid
- SMEDD, self microemulsifying drug delivery system
- TB, tuberculosis
- TNBS, trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid
- TPGS, tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate
- Tmf, tamoxifen
- WGA, wheat germ agglutinin
- pSi, porous silicon
- pSiO, porous silica oxide
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Dutta S, Mahalanobish S, Saha S, Ghosh S, Sil PC. Natural products: An upcoming therapeutic approach to cancer. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 128:240-255. [PMID: 30991130 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death across the world. Different environmental and anthropogenic factors initiate mutations in different functional genes of growth factors and their receptors, anti-apoptotic proteins, self-renewal developmental proteins, tumor suppressors, transcription factors, etc. This phenomenon leads to altered protein homeostasis of the cell which in turn induces cancer initiation, development, progression and survival. From ancient times various natural products have been used as traditional medicine against different diseases. Natural products are readily applicable, inexpensive, accessible and acceptable therapeutic approach with minimum cytotoxicity. As most of the target-specific anticancer drugs failed to achieve the expected result so far, new multi-targeted therapies using natural products have become significant. In this review, we have summarized the efficacy of different natural compounds against cancer. They are capable of modulating cancer microenvironment and diverse cell signaling cascades; thus playing a major role in combating cancer. These compounds are found to be effective against several signaling pathways, mainly cell death pathways (apoptosis and autophagy) and embryonic developmental pathways (Notch pathway, Wnt pathway and Hedgehog pathway). This review article is expected to be helpful in understanding the recent progress of natural product research for the development of anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayanta Dutta
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Sushweta Mahalanobish
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Sukanya Saha
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Shatadal Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Parames C Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India.
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Shafiekhani M, Ommati MM, Azarpira N, Heidari R, Salarian AA. Glycine supplementation mitigates lead-induced renal injury in mice. J Exp Pharmacol 2019; 11:15-22. [PMID: 30858736 PMCID: PMC6385776 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s190846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lead (Pb) is an environmental pollutant responsible for various organ damages including renal injury. It seems that OS and associated events are crucial mechanisms of lead-induced renal dysfunction. The current study aimed to explore the potential protective effects of glycine against renal injury caused by lead in mice. Materials and methods Mature male mice (n=32) were allocated into four groups. The following treatment regimens were the control (vehicle-treated); Pb-acetate (20 mg/kg/day, gavage); Pb-acetate + glycine (500 mg/kg/day, IP); and Pb-acetate + glycine (1,000 mg/kg/day, IP). Pb-acetate + glycine was administered for 14 consecutive days, Pb-acetate was given first and then glycine at least 6 hours later. On day 15, the subjects were anesthetized, and samples were collected. Serum biomarkers such as BUN and serum creatinine were monitored along with formation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, kidney GSH level, and histopathological changes. Results Based on the results, BUN and serum creatinine levels significantly increased following exposure to lead. Glycine supplementation (500 and 1,000 mg/kg, IP) decreased BUN and creatinine serum levels (P<0.001). Biomarkers of OS were also reduced in renal tissue following glycine therapy in Pb-exposed mice (P<0.001). Histopathological changes were observed in mice treated with lead as tubular dilation, protein cast, vacuolization, and inflammation. In this regard, glycine inhibited histopathological alterations in kidney caused by lead exposure. Conclusion It was found that glycine treatment significantly mitigated Pb-induced renal injury most likely through alleviating OS and the associated deleterious outcomes on the kidney tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Shafiekhani
- Toxin Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran, .,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Department of Pathology, Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,
| | - Amir Ahmad Salarian
- Toxin Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran,
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Ahmadi E, Shirazi A, Shams-Esfandabadi N, Nazari H. Antioxidants and glycine can improve the developmental competence of vitrified/warmed ovine immature oocytes. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:595-603. [PMID: 30637807 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the numerous potential applications of oocyte cryopreservation, the poor success rate has limited its practical applications. In livestock, particularly in ovine, the oocytes have low developmental competence following vitrification/warming process. Considering the occurrence of osmotic and oxidative stresses during the vitrification/warming process, the application of antioxidants and osmolytes may improve the developmental competence of vitrified/warmed oocytes. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of the addition of ascorbic acid (AA) and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) as antioxidants and glycine as an organic osmolyte either to the vitrification/warming solutions (VWS) or to the IVM medium on the developmental competence of vitrified/warmed ovine germinal vesicle stage oocytes. The survival rate in the vitrified groups was significantly lower than fresh ones. In vitrified/warmed oocytes, there was no significant difference in survival rate between supplemented and non-supplemented groups. The addition of AA and/or NAC to the VWS or IVM medium and adding glycine to the IVM medium reduced the proportion of apoptotic oocytes and fragmented embryos, which was reflected as an increase in the proportions of metaphase II stage oocytes and blastocyst production. The best result was achieved by supplementing the IVM medium with NAC. In our study condition, antioxidants and glycine could improve the developmental competence of vitrified/warmed ovine immature oocytes, especially when added during IVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Ahmadi
- Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Shirazi
- Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.,Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Shams-Esfandabadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hassan Nazari
- Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Chen J, Ye C, Hu X, Huang C, Yang Z, Li P, Wu A, Xue X, Lin D, Yang H. Serum metabolomics model and its metabolic characteristics in patients with different syndromes of dyslipidemia based on nuclear magnetic resonance. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 167:100-113. [PMID: 30763881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is known as a common clinical disease that affects the health of millions of people around the world. The treatment of dyslipidemia with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is generally based on the accurate identification of disease syndromes. TCM syndromes are judged by traditional four-diagnosis method, which is subjective and fuzzy. Additionally, the judgment of TCM syndromes highly depend on doctors' own clinical experience. In this present study, we used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based serum metabolomics patterns to figure out the metabolic characteristics of different syndromes in patients with dyslipidemia. In total, we enrolled 60 patients with dyslipidemia (30 cases with Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency syndrome (SKYD) and 30 cases with Phlegm-Dampness Retention syndrome (PDR)) and 20 healthy controls. Based on NMR technique, the serum metabolomics patterns of patients with different syndromes and healthy controls were analyzed, in the hope of screening the different metabolites among different syndromes and the differential metabolic pathway, as well as exploring the changes of metabolic network among different syndromes of dyslipidemia. The results suggested that the serum metabolomics patterns based on NMR was used to identify serum metabolites in patients with dyslipidemia of SKYD and PDR as well as healthy controls. Besides, it was found that the metabolic patterns of these three groups can be distinguished well and the different metabolites between different syndromes can be screened. From the point of view of metabolites, the metabolic characteristics of the patients with PDR were mainly the accumulation of noxious metabolites, while the metabolic characteristics of the patients with SKYD were mainly the lack of metabolites with protective function. From the point of view of metabolic mode, there were different metabolic patterns in patients with different syndromes of dyslipidemia in liver metabolism, oxidation, inflammatory reaction as well as energy metabolism, which reflects the difference of syndromes from different angles. The differences in metabolic outcomes among patients with different syndromes of dyslipidemia had a close association with to the effects of multiple signaling pathways. This study identified the characteristics of serum metabolic model of patients with different syndromes of dyslipidemia and the potential differential metabolites and characteristic metabolic characteristics of syndromes in order to understand the biological characteristics of patients with dyslipidemia of SKYD and PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Medical Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Orthopedics Department (2 ward), Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Caihua Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- SATCM Key Laboratory of Renowned Physician and Classical Formula, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyang Li
- Orthopedics Department (2 ward), Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Aiming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Xue
- Department of Diagnostics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Donghai Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Huimin Yang
- Neurology Department (3 ward), Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Mitochondria protecting amino acids: Application against a wide range of mitochondria-linked complications. PHARMANUTRITION 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Banerjee S, Ghosh S, Sinha K, Chowdhury S, Sil PC. Sulphur dioxide ameliorates colitis related pathophysiology and inflammation. Toxicology 2018; 412:63-78. [PMID: 30503585 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Colitis is an inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Inflammation, oxidative stress and cell death constitute the backbone of colitis. Most of the drugs prescribed for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have various side effects. In this scenario, we would like to determine the therapeutic role sulphur dioxide, a gaso-transmitter produced through the metabolism of cysteine in colitis. Colitis was induced through intrarectal administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in male Wistar rats. Rats were administered with 0.9% saline containing Na2SO3 and NaHSO3 (3:1 ratio; i.e., 0.54 mmol/kg and 0.18 mmol/kg body weight) orally 1 h after colitis induction followed by the administration of the same solution after each 12 h for 72 h. TNBS administration resulted in increased oxidative stress, NF-ĸ B and inflammasome activation, ER stress and autophagy. Moreover, TNBS administration also resulted in activation of p53 and apoptosis. SO2 reversed all these alterations and ameliorated colitis in rats. Administration of an inhibitor of endogenous SO2 production along with TNBS exacerbated colitis. Results suggest that down-regulation of SO2 / glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase pathway is involved in IBD. The protective role of SO2 in colitis is attributed to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant nature. Down-regulation of SO2/glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase pathway is involved in IBD. Since SO2 is not toxic at low concentration and endogenously produced, it may be used with prescribed drugs for synergistic effect after intensive research. Our result demonstrated the therapeutic role of SO2 in colitis for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmistha Banerjee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Krishnendu Sinha
- Department of Zoology, Jhargram Raj college, Jhargram 721507, India
| | - Sayantani Chowdhury
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Parames C Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India.
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Chen L, Zhang J, Li C, Wang Z, Li J, Zhao D, Wang S, Zhang H, Huang Y, Guo X. Glycine Transporter-1 and glycine receptor mediate the antioxidant effect of glycine in diabetic rat islets and INS-1 cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 123:53-61. [PMID: 29753073 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the main inducer of β-cell damage, which underlies the pathogenesis of diabetes. Evidence suggests that glycine, a recognized antioxidant, may improve β-cell function; however, its mechanism in protecting diabetic β-cells against oxidative stress has not been directly investigated. Using a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model and INS-1 pancreatic β-cells, we evaluated whether glycine can attenuate diabetic β-cell damage induced by oxidative stress. In diabetic rats, glycine stimulated insulin secretion; enhanced plasma glutathione (GSH), catalase and superoxide dismutase levels; reduced plasma 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine and islet p22phox levels; and improved islet β-cell mitochondrial degeneration and insulin granule degranulation. In INS-1 cells, glycine reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration and inhibited apoptosis induced by high glucose or H2O2. Glycine transporter-1 inhibitor blocked the antioxidative effect of glycine by reducing the intracellular GSH content, and glycine receptor inhibitor reversed the glycine antioxidative effect by blocking p22phox. Collectively, our findings reveal a mechanism by which glycine protects diabetic β-cells against damage caused by oxidative stress by increasing glycine transporter-1-mediated synthesis of GSH and by reducing glycine receptor-mediated ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Changhong Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Suxia Wang
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Youyuan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, China
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Wei M, Ma Y, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Men L, Yue K, Pi Z, Liu Z, Liu Z. Urinary metabolomics study on the anti-inflammation effects of flavonoids obtained from Glycyrrhiza. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1086:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Rizzetti DA, da Silva TM, Escobar AG, Piagette J, Peçanha FM, Vassallo DV, Alonso MJ, Salaices M, Wiggers GA. Mercury-induced vascular dysfunction is mediated by angiotensin II AT-1 receptor upregulation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 162:287-296. [PMID: 29407760 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Low doses of mercury (Hg) promote deleterious effects on cardiovascular system, but the mechanisms implicated remain unclear. This study analyzed whether angiotensin II AT-1 receptors are involved in the vascular dysfunction caused by chronic exposure to low HgCl2 doses. For this, rats were divided into four groups and untreated (saline by im injections and tap water by gavage) or treated for 30 days as follows: Mercury (HgCl2im, first dose of 4.6 µg kg-1 and subsequent doses of 0.07 µg kg-1 day-1, and tap water by gavage); Losartan (saline im and losartan, 15 mg kg-1 day-1, by gavage); Losartan-Mercury (HgCl2im and Losartan by gavage). Systolic blood pressure was measured by tail plethysmography, vascular reactivity in aorta by isolated organ bath, oxidative stress by measuring the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and protein expression of AT-1 receptors by Western Blot. As results, co-treatment with losartan prevented the increased aortic vasoconstrictor responses to phenylephrine (Phe), the involvement of ROS and prostanoids on the response to Phe and the reduced negative endothelial modulation by nitric oxide on these responses. Moreover, this co-treatment avoided the increase in plasmatic and vascular oxidative stress and AT-1 protein expression in aorta. In conclusion, these results suggest that AT-1 receptors upregulation might play a key role in the vascular damage induced by Hg exposure by increasing oxidative stress and probably by reducing NO bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danize A Rizzetti
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Taiz M da Silva
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alyne G Escobar
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Janaina Piagette
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Franck M Peçanha
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Dalton V Vassallo
- Cardiac Electromechanical and Vascular Reactivity Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Marechal Campos, 1468 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Maria J Alonso
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulia A Wiggers
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Glycine protects against high sucrose and high fat-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats. Oncotarget 2018; 7:80223-80237. [PMID: 27784003 PMCID: PMC5348315 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We set out to explore the hypothesis that glycine attenuates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in rats and the possible mechanism by which is it does. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed a diet containing high fat and high sucrose (HSHF) for 24 weeks to induce NASH. Blood and liver tissues were sampled at selected time points throughout the study. Compared with control animals, the content of alanine transaminase (ALT), triglycerides (TGs), and free fatty acids (FFAs) in plasma and the TG and FFA content in the liver was increased from week 4 to 24. The level of TNFα and MCP-1 in plasma, the content of TNFα in the liver, the insulin resistance index, inflammatory cell infiltration, hepatocyte apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and endoplasmic stress-associated protein expression were unaltered at 4 weeks. However, these levels were significantly elevated in HSHF fed rats at 12 weeks. At the same time, the level of endotoxin progressively increased from 0.08 ± 0.02 endotoxin EU/ml at week 4 to 0.7 ± 0.19 EU/ml at week 24. Moreover, these rats had elevated blood endotoxin levels, which were positively associated with their NASH indexes. Liver histology progressively worsened over the course of the study. However, we found that with concomitant treatment with glycine, the level of endotoxin decreased, while NASH indexes significantly decreased and liver status markedly improved,. These data support the hypothesis that glycine protects against NASH in rats by decreasing the levels of intestinal endotoxin, alleviating endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress.
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LaVoie SP, Summers AO. Transcriptional responses of Escherichia coli during recovery from inorganic or organic mercury exposure. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:52. [PMID: 29338696 PMCID: PMC5769350 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4413-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The protean chemical properties of mercury have long made it attractive for diverse applications, but its toxicity requires great care in its use, disposal, and recycling. Mercury occurs in multiple chemical forms, and the molecular basis for the distinct toxicity of its various forms is only partly understood. Global transcriptomics applied over time can reveal how a cell recognizes a toxicant and what cellular subsystems it marshals to repair and recover from the damage. The longitudinal effects on the transcriptome of exponential phase E. coli were compared during sub-acute exposure to mercuric chloride (HgCl2) or to phenylmercuric acetate (PMA) using RNA-Seq. Results Differential gene expression revealed common and distinct responses to the mercurials throughout recovery. Cultures exhibited growth stasis immediately after each mercurial exposure but returned to normal growth more quickly after PMA exposure than after HgCl2 exposure. Correspondingly, PMA rapidly elicited up-regulation of a large number of genes which continued for 30 min, whereas fewer genes were up-regulated early after HgCl2 exposure only some of which overlapped with PMA up-regulated genes. By 60 min gene expression in PMA-exposed cells was almost indistinguishable from unexposed cells, but HgCl2 exposed cells still had many differentially expressed genes. Relative expression of energy production and most metabolite uptake pathways declined with both compounds, but nearly all stress response systems were up-regulated by one or the other mercurial during recovery. Conclusions Sub-acute exposure influenced expression of ~45% of all genes with many distinct responses for each compound, reflecting differential biochemical damage by each mercurial and the corresponding resources available for repair. This study is the first global, high-resolution view of the transcriptional responses to any common toxicant in a prokaryotic model system from exposure to recovery of active growth. The responses provoked by these two mercurials in this model bacterium also provide insights about how higher organisms may respond to these ubiquitous metal toxicants. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4413-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P LaVoie
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Anne O Summers
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Heidari R, Ghanbarinejad V, Mohammadi H, Ahmadi A, Ommati MM, Abdoli N, Aghaei F, Esfandiari A, Azarpira N, Niknahad H. Mitochondria protection as a mechanism underlying the hepatoprotective effects of glycine in cholestatic mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:1086-1095. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Shui S, Cai X, Huang R, Xiao B, Yang J. The investigation of anti-inflammatory activity of Yi Guanjian decoction by serum metabonomics approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 133:41-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Long L, Tan X, Luo S, Shi C. Fluorinated near-infrared fluorescent probes for specific detection of Hg2+ in an aqueous medium and mitochondria of living cells. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01327b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A near-infrared fluorescent probe (IR-DFT) could be used for specifically and sensitively detecting Hg2+ in mitochondria of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Long
- Institute of Combined Injury
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma
- Burns and Combined Injury
- Department of Preventive Medicine
- Third Military Medical University
| | - Xu Tan
- Institute of Combined Injury
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma
- Burns and Combined Injury
- Department of Preventive Medicine
- Third Military Medical University
| | - Shenglin Luo
- Institute of Combined Injury
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma
- Burns and Combined Injury
- Department of Preventive Medicine
- Third Military Medical University
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Combined Injury
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma
- Burns and Combined Injury
- Department of Preventive Medicine
- Third Military Medical University
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Fang J, Wang W, Sun S, Wang Y, Li Q, Lu X, Qiu M, Zhang Y. Metabolomics study of renal fibrosis and intervention effects of total aglycone extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis in unilateral ureteral obstruction rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 192:20-29. [PMID: 27286917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scutellariae Radix (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) is a well-known Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) which mainly contains flavonoids. Our previous studies have demonstrated that total aglycone extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis (TAES) can improve kidney disease in rats. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the renal fibrosis (RF) pathogenesis and TAES treatment mechanism in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats, using a metabolomics approach based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). METHODS Rats with RF were divided into 6 groups with rats subjected to sham operation as normal control. The effects of TAES on some RF closely related parameters in UUO rats were investigated. A metabolomics method, based on GC/MS, was developed to monitor metabolic alterations in urine. Multivariate data analysis was utilized to identify biomarkers potentially associated with RF and the anti-RF activity of TAES. Ontology-based enrichment analysis by BiNChE and pathway analysis by MetPA aid in the interpretation of difference metabolites. RESULTS After 10 days of treatment, the parameters of renal function begin returning to normal, and the abnormal high expressions of genes associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) were relived. In the metabolomics study, metabolic perturbations induced by UUO were reversed after treatment and TAES showed a dose-dependent therapy effect on RF, meanwhile, 18 potential biomarkers associated with RF were identified. Enrichment analysis of metabolites shows an over representation of mostly alkane-alpha, omega-diamine and alpha, omega-dicarboxylic acid, and these biomarkers are primarily involved in Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, Retinol metabolism, Arginine and proline metabolism and Fructose and mannose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that TAES have positive effects on UUO-induced RF in rats, meanwhile, metabolomics method coupled with metabolites enrichment analysis is a useful tool for revealing the pathogenesis of diseases and action mechanism of TCM on the whole body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Fang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenyu Wang
- MacroStat (China) Clinical Research Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shujun Sun
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qianhua Li
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiong Lu
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingfeng Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yongyu Zhang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Mercury and protein thiols: Stimulation of mitochondrial F 1F O-ATPase and inhibition of respiration. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 260:42-49. [PMID: 27780711 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the known widespread toxicity of mercury, its impact on mitochondrial bioenergetics is a still poorly explored topic. Even if many studies have dealt with mercury poisoning of mitochondrial respiration, as far as we are aware Hg2+ effects on individual complexes are not so clear. In the present study changes in swine heart mitochondrial respiration and F1FO-ATPase (F-ATPase) activity promoted by micromolar Hg2+ concentrations were investigated. Hg2+ was found to inhibit the respiration of NADH-energized mitochondria, whereas it was ineffective when the substrate was succinate. Interestingly, the same micromolar Hg2+ doses which inhibited the NADH-O2 activity stimulated the F-ATPase, most likely by interacting with adjacent thiol residues. Accordingly, Hg2+ dose-dependently decreased protein thiols and all the elicited effects on mitochondrial complexes were reversed by the thiol reducing agent DTE. These findings clearly indicate that Hg2+ interacts with Cys residues of these complexes and differently modulate their functionality by modifying the redox state of thiol groups. The results, which cast light on some implications of metal-thiol interactions up to now not fully explored, may contribute to clarify the molecular mechanisms of mercury toxicity to mitochondria.
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Frye RE, Casanova MF, Fatemi SH, Folsom TD, Reutiman TJ, Brown GL, Edelson SM, Slattery JC, Adams JB. Neuropathological Mechanisms of Seizures in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:192. [PMID: 27242398 PMCID: PMC4861974 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This manuscript reviews biological abnormalities shared by autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and epilepsy. Two neuropathological findings are shared by ASD and epilepsy: abnormalities in minicolumn architecture and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission. The peripheral neuropil, which is the region that contains the inhibition circuits of the minicolumns, has been found to be decreased in the post-mortem ASD brain. ASD and epilepsy are associated with inhibitory GABA neurotransmission abnormalities including reduced GABAA and GABAB subunit expression. These abnormalities can elevate the excitation-to-inhibition balance, resulting in hyperexcitablity of the cortex and, in turn, increase the risk of seizures. Medical abnormalities associated with both epilepsy and ASD are discussed. These include specific genetic syndromes, specific metabolic disorders including disorders of energy metabolism and GABA and glutamate neurotransmission, mineral and vitamin deficiencies, heavy metal exposures and immune dysfunction. Many of these medical abnormalities can result in an elevation of the excitatory-to-inhibitory balance. Fragile X is linked to dysfunction of the mGluR5 receptor and Fragile X, Angelman and Rett syndromes are linked to a reduction in GABAA receptor expression. Defects in energy metabolism can reduce GABA interneuron function. Both pyridoxine dependent seizures and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency cause GABA deficiencies while urea cycle defects and phenylketonuria cause abnormalities in glutamate neurotransmission. Mineral deficiencies can cause glutamate and GABA neurotransmission abnormalities and heavy metals can cause mitochondrial dysfunction which disrupts GABA metabolism. Thus, both ASD and epilepsy are associated with similar abnormalities that may alter the excitatory-to-inhibitory balance of the cortex. These parallels may explain the high prevalence of epilepsy in ASD and the elevated prevalence of ASD features in individuals with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Frye
- Autism Research Program, Arkansas Children's Research InstituteLittle Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle Rock, AR, USA
| | - Manuel F Casanova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville Greenville, SC, USA
| | - S Hossein Fatemi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy D Folsom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Teri J Reutiman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - John C Slattery
- Autism Research Program, Arkansas Children's Research InstituteLittle Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle Rock, AR, USA
| | - James B Adams
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University Tempe, AZ, USA
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Lu X, Ji C, Jin T, Fan X. The effects of size and surface modification of amorphous silica particles on biodistribution and liver metabolism in mice. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:175101. [PMID: 25837432 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/17/175101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles, with unconventional properties, are promising platforms for biomedical applications. Since they may interact with a wide variety of biomolecules, it is critical to understand the impact of the physicochemical properties of engineered nanoparticles on biological systems. In this study, the effects of particle size and surface modification alone or in combination of amorphous silica particles (SPs) on biological responses were determined using a suite of general toxicological assessments and metabonomics analysis in mice model. Our results suggested that amino or carboxyl surface modification mitigated the liver toxicity of plain-surface SPs. 30 nm SPs with amino surface modification were found to be the most toxic SPs among all the surface-modified SP treatments at the same dosage. When treatment dose was increased, submicro-sized SPs with amino or carboxyl surface modification also induced liver toxicity. Biodistribution studies suggested that 70 nm SPs were mainly accumulated in liver and spleen regardless of surface modifications. Interestingly, these two organs exhibited different uptake trends. Furthermore, metabonomics studies indicated that surface modification plays a more dominant role to affect the liver metabolism than particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
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Tonazzi A, Giangregorio N, Console L, Scalise M, La Russa D, Notaristefano C, Brunelli E, Barca D, Indiveri C. Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine transporter, a novel target of mercury toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:1015-22. [PMID: 25849418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Hg(2+) and CH3Hg(+) on the mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine transporter (CACT) has been studied on the recombinant protein and on the CACT extracted from HeLa cells or Zebrafish and reconstituted in proteoliposomes. Transport was abolished upon treatment of the recombinant CACT in proteoliposomes by Hg(2+) or CH3Hg(+). Inhibition was reversed by the SH reducing agent 1,4-dithioerythritol, GSH, and N-acetylcysteine. IC50 for Hg(2+) and CH3Hg(+) of 90 nM and 137 nM, respectively, were measured by dose-response analyses. Inhibition was abolished in the C-less CACT mutant. Strong reduction of inhibition by both reagents was observed in the C136A and some reduction in the C155A mutants. Inhibition similar to that of the WT was observed in the C23V/C58V/C89S/C155V/C283S mutant, containing only C136. Optimal inhibition by Hg(2+)was found in the four replacement mutants C23V/C58V/C89S/C283S containing both C136 and C155 indicating cross-reaction of Hg(2+) with the two Cys residues. Inhibition kinetic analysis showed mixed inhibition by Hg(2+) or competitive inhibition by CH3Hg(+). HeLa cells or Zebrafish were treated with the more potent inhibitor. Ten micromolar HgCl2 caused clear impairment of viability of HeLa cells. The transport assay in proteoliposomes with CACT extracted from treated cells showed that the transporter was inactivated and that DTE rescued the activity. Nearly identical results were observed with Zebrafish upon extraction of the CACT from the liver of the treated animals that, indeed, showed accumulation of the mercurial compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Tonazzi
- †CNR Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.,‡Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Giangregorio
- †CNR Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.,‡Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Lara Console
- §Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Scalise
- §Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Daniele La Russa
- §Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Caterina Notaristefano
- ‡Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Elvira Brunelli
- §Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Donatella Barca
- §Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- †CNR Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.,§Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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Tangvarasittichai S. Oxidative stress, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:456-480. [PMID: 25897356 PMCID: PMC4398902 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i3.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 701] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is increased in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and this appears to underlie the development of cardiovascular disease, T2DM and diabetic complications. Increased oxidative stress appears to be a deleterious factor leading to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, β-cell dysfunction, impaired glucose tolerance and ultimately leading to T2DM. Chronic oxidative stress, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia are particularly dangerous for β-cells from lowest levels of antioxidant, have high oxidative energy requirements, decrease the gene expression of key β-cell genes and induce cell death. If β-cell functioning is impaired, it results in an under production of insulin, impairs glucose stimulated insulin secretion, fasting hyperglycemia and eventually the development of T2DM.
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Wang W, Wu Z, Lin G, Hu S, Wang B, Dai Z, Wu G. Glycine stimulates protein synthesis and inhibits oxidative stress in pig small intestinal epithelial cells. J Nutr 2014; 144:1540-8. [PMID: 25122646 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.194001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycine has recently been classified as a nutritionally essential amino acid for maximal growth in young pigs. Currently, little is known about the metabolism or function of glycine in the neonatal intestine. This work was conducted to test the hypothesis that glycine has a protective effect against oxidative stress in intestinal epithelial cells. Jejunal enterocytes isolated from newborn pigs were cultured in the presence of 0.0-2 mmol/L glycine for measurements of glycine metabolism, cell proliferation, protein turnover, apoptosis, and antioxidative response. Compared with 0.0-0.5 mmol/L glycine, 1.0 mmol/L glycine enhanced (P < 0.05) cell growth (by 8-24% on day 2 and by 34-224% on day 4, respectively) and protein synthesis (by 36-419%) while reducing (P < 0.05) protein degradation (by 7-28%). This effect of glycine was associated with activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in enterocytes. By using a model of oxidative stress induced by 30 μmol/L 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), which was assessed by flow cytometry analysis, 1.0 mmol/L glycine inhibited (P < 0.05) activation of caspase 3 by 25% and attenuated (P < 0.05) 4-HNE-induced apoptosis by 38% in intestinal porcine epithelial cell line 1 cells through promotion of reduced glutathione synthesis and expression of glycine transporter 1 while reducing the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases, c-Jun amino-terminal kinases, and p38 protein in the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. These novel findings provide a biochemical mechanism for the use of dietary glycine to improve intestinal health in neonates under conditions of oxidative stress and glycine deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Gang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Shengdi Hu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Guoyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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Pal PB, Sinha K, Sil PC. Mangiferin attenuates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting oxidative stress mediated signaling cascade, TNFα related and mitochondrial dependent apoptotic pathways in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107220. [PMID: 25233093 PMCID: PMC4169432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy in hyperglycemic conditions. It has already been reported that mangiferin, a natural C-glucosyl xanthone and polyhydroxy polyphenol compound protects kidneys from diabetic nephropathy. However, little is known about the mechanism of its beneficial action in this pathophysiology. The present study, therefore, examines the detailed mechanism of the beneficial action of mangiferin on STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy in Wister rats as the working model. A significant increase in plasma glucose level, kidney to body weight ratio, glomerular hypertrophy and hydropic changes as well as enhanced nephrotoxicity related markers (BUN, plasma creatinine, uric acid and urinary albumin) were observed in the experimental animals. Furthermore, increased oxidative stress related parameters, increased ROS production and decreased the intracellular antioxidant defenses were detected in the kidney. Studies on the oxidative stress mediated signaling cascades in diabetic nephropathy demonstrated that PKC isoforms (PKCα, PKCβ and PKCε), MAPKs (p38, JNK and ERK1/2), transcription factor (NF-κB) and TGF-β1 pathways were involved in this pathophysiology. Besides, TNFα was released in this hyperglycemic condition, which in turn activated caspase 8, cleaved Bid to tBid and finally the mitochorndia-dependent apoptotic pathway. In addition, oxidative stress also disturbed the proapoptotic-antiapoptotic (Bax and Bcl-2) balance and activated mitochorndia-dependent apoptosis via caspase 9, caspase 3 and PARP cleavage. Mangiferin treatment, post to hyperglycemia, successfully inhibited all of these changes and protected the cells from apoptotic death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Parames C. Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail:
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Sinha K, Pal PB, Sil PC. Cadmium (Cd(2+)) exposure differentially elicits both cell proliferation and cell death related responses in SK-RC-45. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 28:307-18. [PMID: 24291162 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd(2+)) is a major nephrotoxic environmental pollutant, affecting mostly proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) cells of the mammalian kidney, while conditionally Cd(2+) could also elicit protective responses with great variety and variability in different systems. The present study was designed to evaluate the molecular mechanism of Cd(2+) toxicity on human PCT derived Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC), SK-RC-45 and compare its responses with normal human PCT derived cell line, NKE. Exposure of SK-RC-45 cells with different concentrations of CdCl2 (e.g. 0, 10 and 20μM) in serum free medium for 24h generate considerable amount of ROS, accompanied with decreased cell viability and alternations in the cellular and nuclear morphologies, heat shock responses and GCLC mediated protective responses. Also phosphatidylserine externalization, augmentation in the level of caspase-3, PARP, BAD, Apaf1 and cleaved caspase-9 along with decreased expression of Bcl2 and release of cytochrome c confirmed that, Cd(2+) dose dependently induces solely intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in SK-RC-45, independent of JNK. Furthermore, the non-toxic concentration (10μM) of Cd(2+) induced nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and increased expression in the level of HO-1 enzyme suggesting that at the milder concentration, Cd(2+) induces protective signaling pathways. On the other hand, exposure of NKE to different concentrations of CdCl2 (e.g. 0, 10, 20, 30 and 50μM) under the same conditions elevate stronger heat shock and SOD2 mediated protective responses. In contrary to the RCC PCT, the normal PCT derived cell follows JNK dependent and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Cumulatively, these results suggest that Cd(2+) exposure dose dependently elicit both cell proliferative and cell death related responses in SK-RC-45 cells and is differentially regulated with respect to normal kidney epithelia derived NKE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Sinha
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Pabitra Bikash Pal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Parames C Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India.
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Rashid K, Sinha K, Sil PC. An update on oxidative stress-mediated organ pathophysiology. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:584-600. [PMID: 24084033 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental pollutants and drugs can result in pathophysiological situations in the body. Research in this area is essential as the knowledge on cellular survival and death would help in designing effective therapeutic strategies that are needed for the maintenance of the normal physiological functions of the body. In this regard, naturally occurring bio-molecules can be considered as potential therapeutic targets as they are normally available in commonly consumed foodstuffs and are thought to have minimum side effects. This review article describes the detailed mechanisms of oxidative stress-mediated organ pathophysiology and the ultimate fate of the cells either to survive or to undergo necrotic or apoptotic death. The mechanisms underlying the beneficial role of a number of naturally occurring bioactive molecules in oxidative stress-mediated organ pathophysiology have also been included in the review. The review provides useful information about the recent progress in understanding the mechanism(s) of various types of organ pathophysiology, the complex cross-talk between these pathways, as well as their modulation in stressed conditions. Additionally, it suggests possible therapeutic applications of a number of naturally occurring bioactive molecules in conditions involving oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahkashan Rashid
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Calcutta 700054, West Bengal, India
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Glycine metabolism in animals and humans: implications for nutrition and health. Amino Acids 2013; 45:463-77. [PMID: 23615880 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glycine is a major amino acid in mammals and other animals. It is synthesized from serine, threonine, choline, and hydroxyproline via inter-organ metabolism involving primarily the liver and kidneys. Under normal feeding conditions, glycine is not adequately synthesized in birds or in other animals, particularly in a diseased state. Glycine degradation occurs through three pathways: the glycine cleavage system (GCS), serine hydroxymethyltransferase, and conversion to glyoxylate by peroxisomal D-amino acid oxidase. Among these pathways, GCS is the major enzyme to initiate glycine degradation to form ammonia and CO2 in animals. In addition, glycine is utilized for the biosynthesis of glutathione, heme, creatine, nucleic acids, and uric acid. Furthermore, glycine is a significant component of bile acids secreted into the lumen of the small intestine that is necessary for the digestion of dietary fat and the absorption of long-chain fatty acids. Glycine plays an important role in metabolic regulation, anti-oxidative reactions, and neurological function. Thus, this nutrient has been used to: (1) prevent tissue injury; (2) enhance anti-oxidative capacity; (3) promote protein synthesis and wound healing; (4) improve immunity; and (5) treat metabolic disorders in obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, ischemia-reperfusion injuries, cancers, and various inflammatory diseases. These multiple beneficial effects of glycine, coupled with its insufficient de novo synthesis, support the notion that it is a conditionally essential and also a functional amino acid for mammals (including pigs and humans).
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Reiter RJ, Rosales-Corral SA, Manchester LC, Tan DX. Peripheral reproductive organ health and melatonin: ready for prime time. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:7231-72. [PMID: 23549263 PMCID: PMC3645684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14047231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin has a wide variety of beneficial actions at the level of the gonads and their adnexa. Some actions are mediated via its classic membrane melatonin receptors while others seem to be receptor-independent. This review summarizes many of the published reports which confirm that melatonin, which is produced in the ovary, aids in advancing follicular maturation and preserving the integrity of the ovum prior to and at the time of ovulation. Likewise, when ova are collected for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer, treating them with melatonin improves implantation and pregnancy rates. Melatonin synthesis as well as its receptors have also been identified in the placenta. In this organ, melatonin seems to be of particular importance for the maintenance of the optimal turnover of cells in the villous trophoblast via its ability to regulate apoptosis. For male gametes, melatonin has also proven useful in protecting them from oxidative damage and preserving their viability. Incubation of ejaculated animal sperm improves their motility and prolongs their viability. For human sperm as well, melatonin is also a valuable agent for protecting them from free radical damage. In general, the direct actions of melatonin on the gonads and adnexa of mammals indicate it is an important agent for maintaining optimal reproductive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; E-Mails: (S.A.R.-C.); (L.C.M.); (D.-X.T.)
| | - Sergio A. Rosales-Corral
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; E-Mails: (S.A.R.-C.); (L.C.M.); (D.-X.T.)
| | - Lucien C. Manchester
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; E-Mails: (S.A.R.-C.); (L.C.M.); (D.-X.T.)
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; E-Mails: (S.A.R.-C.); (L.C.M.); (D.-X.T.)
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