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Movahed F, Ourang Z, Neshat R, Hussein WS, Saihood AS, Alarajy MS, Zareii D. PROTACs in gynecological cancers: Current knowledge and future potential as a treatment strategy. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 263:155611. [PMID: 39357191 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Cancer continues to threaten human health regardless of novel therapeutic options. Over the last two decades, targeted therapy has emerged as a significant advancement in treating malignancies, surpassing standard chemoradiotherapy and surgical procedures. Gynecological malignancies, including cervical, endometrial, and ovarian carcinoma, have a bad prognosis in advanced or metastatic stages and are difficult to treat. The advancements in understanding the molecular pathways behind cancer development offer valuable insights into promising targeted medicines, and researchers have always searched for a superior and safe technique to target cancer-related oncoproteins because of the limited therapeutic benefit, drug resistance, and off-target effects of current targeted treatments. Recently, proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have been developed to selectively degrade proteins using the natural ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). These approaches have garnered significant attention in the field of cancer research. The rapid progress in PROTACs has also eased the targeting of various oncoproteins in gynecological cancer. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the mechanism and research advancements of PROTACs and provide a comprehensive overview of their use in gynecological tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Movahed
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ourang
- M.D, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Razieh Neshat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Food Biotechnology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Wael Sheet Hussein
- Dental Prosthetics Techniques Department, Health and Medical Techniques College, Alnoor University, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Anwar Salih Saihood
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Maythum Shallan Alarajy
- Anesthesia Techniques Department, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon 51001, Iraq
| | - Donya Zareii
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran.
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Vorderbruggen M, Velázquez-Martínez CA, Natarajan A, Karpf AR. PROTACs in Ovarian Cancer: Current Advancements and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5067. [PMID: 38791105 PMCID: PMC11121112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy. The majority of patients diagnosed with advanced ovarian cancer will relapse, at which point additional therapies can be administered but, for the most part, these are not curative. As such, a need exists for the development of novel therapeutic options for ovarian cancer patients. Research in the field of targeted protein degradation (TPD) through the use of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) has significantly increased in recent years. The ability of PROTACs to target proteins of interest (POI) for degradation, overcoming limitations such as the incomplete inhibition of POI function and the development of resistance seen with other inhibitors, is of particular interest in cancer research, including ovarian cancer research. This review provides a synopsis of PROTACs tested in ovarian cancer models and highlights PROTACs characterized in other types of cancers with potential high utility in ovarian cancer. Finally, we discuss methods that will help to enable the selective delivery of PROTACs to ovarian cancer and improve the pharmacodynamic properties of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makenzie Vorderbruggen
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA; (M.V.); (A.N.)
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
| | | | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA; (M.V.); (A.N.)
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
| | - Adam R. Karpf
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA; (M.V.); (A.N.)
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
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3
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Macdonald JK, Mehta AS, Drake RR, Angel PM. Molecular analysis of the extracellular microenvironment: from form to function. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:602-620. [PMID: 38509768 PMCID: PMC11049795 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) proteome represents an important component of the tissue microenvironment that controls chemical flux and induces cell signaling through encoded structure. The analysis of the ECM represents an analytical challenge through high levels of post-translational modifications, protease-resistant structures, and crosslinked, insoluble proteins. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the analytical challenges involved in addressing the complexities of spatially profiling the extracellular matrix proteome. A synopsis of the process of synthesizing the ECM structure, detailing inherent chemical complexity, is included to present the scope of the analytical challenge. Current chromatographic and spatial techniques addressing these challenges are detailed. Capabilities for multimodal multiplexing with cellular populations are discussed with a perspective on developing a holistic view of disease processes that includes both the cellular and extracellular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade K Macdonald
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Anand S Mehta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Richard R Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Peggi M. Angel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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4
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Yao Z, Fan Y, Lin L, Kellems RE, Xia Y. Tissue transglutaminase: a multifunctional and multisite regulator in health and disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:281-325. [PMID: 37712623 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00003.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a widely distributed multifunctional protein involved in a broad range of cellular and metabolic functions carried out in a variety of cellular compartments. In addition to transamidation, TG2 also functions as a Gα signaling protein, a protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a protein kinase, and a scaffolding protein. In the nucleus, TG2 modifies histones and transcription factors. The PDI function catalyzes the trimerization and activation of heat shock factor-1 in the nucleus and regulates the oxidation state of several mitochondrial complexes. Cytosolic TG2 modifies proteins by the addition of serotonin or other primary amines and in this way affects cell signaling. Modification of protein-bound glutamines reduces ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. At the cell membrane, TG2 is associated with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), where it functions in transmembrane signaling. TG2 is also found in the extracellular space, where it functions in protein cross-linking and extracellular matrix stabilization. Of particular importance in transglutaminase research are recent findings concerning the role of TG2 in gene expression, protein homeostasis, cell signaling, autoimmunity, inflammation, and hypoxia. Thus, TG2 performs a multitude of functions in multiple cellular compartments, making it one of the most versatile cellular proteins. Additional evidence links TG2 with multiple human diseases including preeclampsia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, organ fibrosis, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and celiac disease. In conclusion, TG2 provides a multifunctional and multisite response to physiological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouzhou Yao
- National Medical Metabolomics International Collaborative Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Fan
- National Medical Metabolomics International Collaborative Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhen Lin
- National Medical Metabolomics International Collaborative Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rodney E Kellems
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Yang Xia
- National Medical Metabolomics International Collaborative Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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5
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Hua R, Gao H, He C, Xin S, Wang B, Zhang S, Gao L, Tao Q, Wu W, Sun F, Xu J. An emerging view on vascular fibrosis molecular mediators and relevant disorders: from bench to bed. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1273502. [PMID: 38179503 PMCID: PMC10764515 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1273502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular fibrosis is a widespread pathologic condition that arises during vascular remodeling in cardiovascular dysfunctions. According to previous studies, vascular fibrosis is characterized by endothelial matrix deposition and vascular wall thickening. The RAAS and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways have been frequently highlighted. It is, however, far from explicit in terms of understanding the cause and progression of vascular fibrosis. In this review, we collected and categorized a large number of molecules which influence the fibrosing process, in order to acquire a better understanding of vascular fibrosis, particularly of pathologic dysfunction. Furthermore, several mediators that prevent vascular fibrosis are discussed in depth in this review, with the aim that this will contribute to the future prevention and treatment of related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxuan Hua
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengwei He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuzi Xin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Boya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Sitian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Tao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Experimental Center for Morphological Research Platform, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangling Sun
- Department of Experimental Animal Laboratory, Xuan-Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingdong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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6
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Yang W, Zhang X, Qi L, Wang Z, Wu W, Feng W, Gu Y. Colon-targeted EMSCs conditional medium hydrogel for treatment of ulcerative colitis in mice. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:065010. [PMID: 37722391 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acfadb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Oral ecto-mesenchymal stem cells-conditional medium (EMSCs-CM) is a promising strategy for treating ulcerative colitis (UC). However, this therapy is currently limited by the harsh gastrointestinal environment and poor colonic targeting ability. Herein, a glutamine transaminase 2 (TG2) crosslinked EMSCs-CM hydrogel (EMSCs-CM-Gel) was fabricated by combining EMSCs-CM with negatively chargedγ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) hydrogel. Intestinal epithelial cell 6 (IEC-6) was applied to construct a cell model with lipopolysaccharide to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of EMSCs-CMin vitro. The crosslinked gel was orally administered to mice in liquid form to access the effects of EMSCs-CM-Gelin vivo. This study was based on the fact that the hydrogel containing EMSCs-CM has negative charges, which ensure it remains at the positively charged inflamed colon tissue. The EMSCs-CM could continuously be released in the damaged colon mucosa along with the degradation of theγ-PGA hydrogel. Immunofluorescence and western blot were performed to assess the effects of EMSCs-CM-Gel on mice. The resultsin vivoshowed that EMSCs-CM-Gel could significantly suppress the expression of inflammatory cytokines, prevent the shortening of the length of the intestine and repair the intestinal barrier. Collectively, our findings provided a novel colon-targeted strategy, hoping to benefit UC patients a lot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuyao Qi
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijiang Wu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Feng
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahan Gu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
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7
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Shi W, Gao Y, Wu Y, Tang Y, Bian L, Que Y, Lv L, Xu B, Tang H, Lu X, Wang Q. Human nasal mucosa ectomesenchymal stem cells derived extracellular vesicles loaded omentum/chitosan composite scaffolds enhance skull defects regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125924. [PMID: 37481184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Engineered bone tissue that can promote osteogenic differentiation is considered an ideal substitute for materials to heal bone defects. Extracellular vesicle (EV)-based cell-free regenerative therapies represent an emerging promising alternative for bone tissue engineering. We hypothesized that EVs derived from human nasal mucosa-derived ectomesenchymal stem cells (hEMSCs) can promote bone tissue regeneration. Herein, hEMSCs were cultured with osteogenic induction medium or normal medium to generate two types of EVs. We first demonstrated that the two EVs exhibited strong potential to promote rat suture mesenchymal stem cell (SMSC) osteogenesis by transferring TG2 to SMSCs and regulating extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. Next, we developed a composite hydrogel made of porcine omentum and chitosan into which EVs were adsorbed to enable the effective delivery of EVs with sustained release kinetics. Implantation of the EV-loaded hydrogels in a critical-size rat cranial defect model significantly promoted bone regeneration. Therefore, we suggest that our hEMSC-derived EV-loading system can serve as a new therapeutic paradigm for promoting bone tissue regeneration in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; Central laboratory, Gaochun Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211300, PR China.
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Yiqing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Yushi Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Lu Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; Central laboratory, Gaochun Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211300, PR China
| | - Yunduan Que
- Central laboratory, Gaochun Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211300, PR China
| | - Long Lv
- Central laboratory, Gaochun Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211300, PR China
| | - Bai Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; Wuxi neurosurgical Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; Wuxi neurosurgical Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China.
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; Wuxi neurosurgical Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China.
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8
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Messana I, Manconi B, Cabras T, Boroumand M, Sanna MT, Iavarone F, Olianas A, Desiderio C, Rossetti DV, Vincenzoni F, Contini C, Guadalupi G, Fiorita A, Faa G, Castagnola M. The Post-Translational Modifications of Human Salivary Peptides and Proteins Evidenced by Top-Down Platforms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12776. [PMID: 37628956 PMCID: PMC10454625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we extensively describe the main post-translational modifications that give rise to the multiple proteoforms characterized to date in the human salivary proteome and their potential role. Most of the data reported were obtained by our group in over twenty-five years of research carried out on human saliva mainly by applying a top-down strategy. In the beginning, we describe the products generated by proteolytic cleavages, which can occur before and after secretion. In this section, the most relevant families of salivary proteins are also described. Next, we report the current information concerning the human salivary phospho-proteome and the limited news available on sulfo-proteomes. Three sections are dedicated to the description of glycation and enzymatic glycosylation. Citrullination and N- and C-terminal post-translational modifications (PTMs) and miscellaneous other modifications are described in the last two sections. Results highlighting the variation in the level of some proteoforms in local or systemic pathologies are also reviewed throughout the sections of the manuscript to underline the impact and relevance of this information for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers useful in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.); (D.V.R.)
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | | | - Maria Teresa Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (F.V.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Fondazione IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.); (D.V.R.)
| | - Diana Valeria Rossetti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.); (D.V.R.)
| | - Federica Vincenzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (F.V.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Fondazione IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cristina Contini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Giulia Guadalupi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Antonella Fiorita
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Fondazione IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa e del Collo, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gavino Faa
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Proteomics Laboratory, European Center for Brain Research, (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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Lisetto M, Fattorini M, Lanza A, Gerdol M, Griffin M, Wang Z, Ferrara F, Sblattero D. Biochemical and Functional Characterization of the Three Zebrafish Transglutaminases 2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12041. [PMID: 37569416 PMCID: PMC10419279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional protein widely distributed in various tissues and involved in many physiological and pathological processes. However, its actual role in biological processes is often controversial as TG2 shows different effects in these processes depending on its localization, cell type, or experimental conditions. We characterized the enzymatic and functional properties of TG2 proteins expressed in Danio rerio (zebrafish) to provide the basis for using this established animal model as a reliable tool to characterize TG2 functions in vivo. We confirmed the existence of three genes orthologous to human TG2 (zTGs2) in the zebrafish genome and their expression and function during embryonic development. We produced and purified the zTGs2s as recombinant proteins and showed that, like the human enzyme, zTGs2 catalyzes a Ca2+ dependent transamidation reaction that can be inhibited with TG2-specific inhibitors. In a cell model of human fibroblasts, we also demonstrated that zTGs2 can mediate RGD-independent cell adhesion in the extracellular environment. Finally, we transfected and selected zTGs2-overexpressing HEK293 cells and demonstrated that intracellular zTGs2 plays a very comparable protective/damaging role in the apoptotic process, as hTG2. Overall, our results suggest that zTGs2 proteins behave very similarly to the human ortholog and pave the way for future in vivo studies of TG2 functions in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lisetto
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.L.); (M.F.); (A.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Mariagiulia Fattorini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.L.); (M.F.); (A.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Andrea Lanza
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.L.); (M.F.); (A.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Marco Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.L.); (M.F.); (A.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Martin Griffin
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (M.G.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (M.G.); (Z.W.)
| | | | - Daniele Sblattero
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.L.); (M.F.); (A.L.); (M.G.)
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10
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Al-U’datt DGF, Tranchant CC, Al-Husein B, Hiram R, Al-Dwairi A, AlQudah M, Al-shboul O, Jaradat S, Alqbelat J, Almajwal A. Involvement and possible role of transglutaminases 1 and 2 in mediating fibrotic signalling, collagen cross-linking and cell proliferation in neonatal rat ventricular fibroblasts. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281320. [PMID: 36848364 PMCID: PMC9970086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase (TG) isoforms control diverse normal and pathophysiologic processes through their capacity to cross-link extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Their functional and signalling roles in cardiac fibrosis remain poorly understood, despite some evidence of TG2 involvement in abnormal ECM remodelling in heart diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of TG1 and TG2 in mediating fibrotic signalling, collagen cross-linking, and cell proliferation in healthy fibroblasts by siRNA-mediated knockdown. siRNA for TG1, TG2 or negative control was transfected into cultured neonatal rat ventricular fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes. mRNA expression of TGs and profibrotic, proliferation and apoptotic markers was assessed by qPCR. Cell proliferation and soluble and insoluble collagen were determined by ELISA and LC-MS/MS, respectively. TG1 and TG2 were both expressed in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts before transfection. Other TGs were not detected before and after transfection. TG2 was predominantly expressed and more effectively silenced than TG1. Knocking down TG1 or TG2 significantly modified profibrotic markers mRNA expression in fibroblasts, decreasing connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and increasing transforming growth factor-β1 compared to the negative siRNA control. Reduced expression of collagen 3A1 was found upon TG1 knockdown, while TG2 knockdown raised α-smooth muscle actin expression. TG2 knockdown further increased fibroblast proliferation and the expression of proliferation marker cyclin D1. Lower insoluble collagen content and collagen cross-linking were evidenced upon silencing TG1 or TG2. Transcript levels of collagen 1A1, fibronectin 1, matrix metalloproteinase-2, cyclin E2, and BCL-2-associated X protein/B-cell lymphoma 2 ratio were strongly correlated with TG1 mRNA expression, whereas TG2 expression correlated strongly with CTGF mRNA abundance. These findings support a functional and signalling role for TG1 and TG2 from fibroblasts in regulating key processes underlying myocardial ECM homeostasis and dysregulation, suggesting that these isoforms could be potential and promising targets for the development of cardiac fibrosis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doa’a G. F. Al-U’datt
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Carole C. Tranchant
- School of Food Science, Nutrition and Family Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences and Community Services, Université de Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Belal Al-Husein
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Roddy Hiram
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ahmed Al-Dwairi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad AlQudah
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- Physiology Department, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Othman Al-shboul
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Saied Jaradat
- Princess Haya Biotechnology Center, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Jenan Alqbelat
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Martinelli S, Amore F, Canu L, Maggi M, Rapizzi E. Tumour microenvironment in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1137456. [PMID: 37033265 PMCID: PMC10073672 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1137456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas (Pheo/PGL) are rare catecholamine-producing tumours derived from adrenal medulla or from the extra-adrenal paraganglia respectively. Around 10-15% of Pheo/PGL develop metastatic forms and have a poor prognosis with a 37% of mortality rate at 5 years. These tumours have a strong genetic determinism, and the presence of succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB) mutations are highly associated with metastatic forms. To date, no effective treatment is present for metastatic forms. In addition to cancer cells, the tumour microenvironment (TME) is also composed of non-neoplastic cells and non-cellular components, which are essential for tumour initiation and progression in multiple cancers, including Pheo/PGL. This review, for the first time, provides an overview of the roles of TME cells such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) on Pheo/PGL growth and progression. Moreover, the functions of the non-cellular components of the TME, among which the most representatives are growth factors, extracellular vesicles and extracellular matrix (ECM) are explored. The importance of succinate as an oncometabolite is emerging and since Pheo/PGL SDH mutated accumulate high levels of succinate, the role of succinate and of its receptor (SUCNR1) in the modulation of the carcinogenesis process is also analysed. Further understanding of the mechanism behind the complicated effects of TME on Pheo/PGL growth and spread could suggest novel therapeutic targets for further clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Martinelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Careggi, Florence, Italy
- European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumours (ENS@T) Center of Excellence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Amore
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Letizia Canu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Careggi, Florence, Italy
- European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumours (ENS@T) Center of Excellence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Careggi, Florence, Italy
- European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumours (ENS@T) Center of Excellence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Rapizzi
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Careggi, Florence, Italy
- European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumours (ENS@T) Center of Excellence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Elena Rapizzi,
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12
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Kolligundla LP, Gupta S, Lata S, Mulukala SKN, Killaka P, Akif M, Pasupulati AK. Identification of Novel GTP Analogs as Potent and Specific Reversible Inhibitors for Transglutaminase 2. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2022.2123917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi P. Kolligundla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Samriddhi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Surabhi Lata
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sandeep K. N. Mulukala
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Praneeth Killaka
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mohd Akif
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anil K. Pasupulati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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13
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Sima LE, Matei D, Condello S. The Outside-In Journey of Tissue Transglutaminase in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111779. [PMID: 35681474 PMCID: PMC9179582 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a member of the transglutaminase family that catalyzes Ca2+-dependent protein crosslinks and hydrolyzes guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP). The conformation and functions of TG2 are regulated by Ca2+ and GTP levels; the TG2 enzymatically active open conformation is modulated by high Ca2+ concentrations, while high intracellular GTP promotes the closed conformation, with inhibition of the TG-ase activity. TG2’s unique characteristics and its ubiquitous distribution in the intracellular compartment, coupled with its secretion in the extracellular matrix, contribute to modulate the functions of the protein. Its aberrant expression has been observed in several cancer types where it was linked to metastatic progression, resistance to chemotherapy, stemness, and worse clinical outcomes. The N-terminal domain of TG2 binds to the 42 kDa gelatin-binding domain of fibronectin with high affinity, facilitating the formation of a complex with β-integrins, essential for cellular adhesion to the matrix. This mechanism allows TG2 to interact with key matrix proteins and to regulate epithelial to mesenchymal transition and stemness. Here, we highlight the current knowledge on TG2 involvement in cancer, focusing on its roles translating extracellular cues into activation of oncogenic programs. Improved understanding of these mechanisms could lead to new therapeutic strategies targeting this multi-functional protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Elena Sima
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Daniela Matei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Salvatore Condello
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Correspondence:
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14
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Al-U'datt DGF, Tranchant CC, Al-Dwairi A, AlQudah M, Al-Shboul O, Hiram R, Allen BG, Jaradat S, Alqbelat J, Abu-Zaiton AS. Implications of enigmatic transglutaminase 2 (TG2) in cardiac diseases and therapeutic developments. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115104. [PMID: 35617996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Mounting evidence suggests that transglutaminases (TGs), tissue TG (TG2) in particular, are involved in numerous molecular responses underlying the pathogenesis of cardiac diseases. The TG family has several intra- and extracellular functions in the human body, including collagen cross-linking, angiogenesis, cell growth, differentiation, migration, adhesion as well as survival. TGs are thiol- and calcium-dependent acyl transferases that catalyze the formation of a covalent bond between the γ-carboxamide group of a glutamine residue and an amine group, thus increasing the stability, rigidity, and stiffness of the myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM). Excessive accumulation of cross-linked collagen leads to increase myocardial stiffness and fibrosis. Beyond TG2 extracellular protein cross-linking action, mounting evidence suggests that this pleiotropic TG isozyme may also promote fibrotic diseases through cell survival and profibrotic pathway activation at the signaling, transcriptional and translational levels. Due to its multiple functions and localizations, TG2 fulfils critical yet incompletely understood roles in myocardial fibrosis and associated heart diseases, such as cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and age-related myocardial stiffness under several conditions. This review summarizes current knowledge and existing gaps regarding the ECM-dependent and ECM-independent roles of TG2 and highlights the therapeutic prospects of targeting TG2 to treat cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doa'a G F Al-U'datt
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Carole C Tranchant
- School of Food Science, Nutrition and Family Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences and Community Services, Université de Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Ahmed Al-Dwairi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammad AlQudah
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Othman Al-Shboul
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Roddy Hiram
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruce G Allen
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Saied Jaradat
- Princess Haya Biotechnology Center, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Jenan Alqbelat
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Ahmed S Abu-Zaiton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Al al-bayt University, Al-Mafraq, Jordan
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15
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Weckerle J, Picart-Armada S, Klee S, Bretschneider T, Luippold AH, Rist W, Haslinger C, Schlüter H, Thomas MJ, Krawczyk B, Fernandez-Albert F, Kästle M, Veyel D. Mapping the metabolomic and lipidomic changes in the Bleomycin model of pulmonary fibrosis in young and aged mice. Dis Model Mech 2021; 15:274099. [PMID: 34845494 PMCID: PMC8807555 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in metabolic pathways were recently recognized as potential underlying drivers of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), translating into novel therapeutic targets. However, knowledge of metabolic and lipid regulation in fibrotic lungs is limited. To comprehensively characterize metabolic perturbations in the bleomycin mouse model of IPF, we analyzed the metabolome and lipidome by mass spectrometry. We identified increased tissue turnover and repair, evident by enhanced breakdown of proteins, nucleic acids and lipids and extracellular matrix turnover. Energy production was upregulated, including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glutaminolysis, lactate production and fatty acid oxidation. Higher eicosanoid synthesis indicated inflammatory processes. Because the risk of IPF increases with age, we investigated how age influences metabolomic and lipidomic changes in the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. Surprisingly, except for cytidine, we did not detect any significantly differential metabolites or lipids between old and young bleomycin-treated lungs. Together, we identified metabolomic and lipidomic changes in fibrosis that reflect higher energy demand, proliferation, tissue remodeling, collagen deposition and inflammation, which might serve to improve diagnostic and therapeutic options for fibrotic lung diseases in the future. Editor's choice: Using bleomycin-induced lung injury as a mouse model for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, this study identifies metabolomic and lipidomic changes in fibrosis reflecting higher energy demand, proliferation, tissue remodeling, collagen deposition and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Weckerle
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Department Immunology and Respiratory Disease research, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Sergio Picart-Armada
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Stephan Klee
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Department Immunology and Respiratory Disease research, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Tom Bretschneider
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Department Drug Discovery Sciences, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Andreas H Luippold
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Department Drug Discovery Sciences, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rist
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Department Drug Discovery Sciences, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Christian Haslinger
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Holger Schlüter
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Department Immunology and Respiratory Disease research, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Matthew J Thomas
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Department Immunology and Respiratory Disease research, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Bartlomiej Krawczyk
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Department Drug Discovery Sciences, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Francesc Fernandez-Albert
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Marc Kästle
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Department Immunology and Respiratory Disease research, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Daniel Veyel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Department Drug Discovery Sciences, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
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16
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Lu N, Wang X, Shi W, Bian L, Zhang X, Yang G, Tang X, Wang J, Zou Y, Weng Y. Black Phosphorus Nanoparticles Promote Osteogenic Differentiation of EMSCs Through Upregulated TG2 Expression. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:154. [PMID: 34637014 PMCID: PMC8511187 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
At bio-safe concentrations, black phosphorus nanoparticles activated TG2, and promote the expression of ECM, which further promoted osteogenic differentiation of EMSCs. From these results, we can conclude that black phosphorus nanoparticles are suitable as biological factors in bone tissue engineering. Black phosphorus nanoparticles (BPs) present excellent biocompatibility and good biodegradability, which have been rigorously studied and proven. However, its utilization in bone tissue engineering fields is still in its infancy. Thus, the main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of BPs on osteogenic differentiation of ectodermal mesenchymal stem cell (EMSC) in vitro. Biocompatible BPs with high yield were prepared with a simple and efficient ultrasonication technique. EMSCs were isolated from adult rat nasal respiratory mucosa. Then, we treated EMSCs with BPs at different concentrations in vitro and examined the effect of BPs on osteogenic differentiation of EMSCs. In addition, inhibitor of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and western blot were used to clarify the mechanism of the promoting effect of BPs on osteogenesis. Our results indicated that BPs could significantly enhance osteogenic differentiation of EMSCs in vitro. Nevertheless, BPs had no effect on EMSCs proliferation. Mechanistically, BPs promoted osteogenesis differentiation of EMSCs through upregulating TG2 expression. These results highlight the advantage of using chemical materials for novel engineering strategies of these highly promising small molecules for bone-tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Shi
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Bian
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Zou
- The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuyan Weng
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Transglutaminase 2 moderates the expansion of mouse abdominal aortic aneurysms. JVS Vasc Sci 2021; 2:95-109. [PMID: 34617062 PMCID: PMC8489235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Previously published work has indicated that transcripts encoding transglutaminase 2 (TG2) increase markedly in a rat model of abdominal aortic aneurysm. This study determines whether TG2 and the related TG, factor XIII-A (FXIII-A), protect against aortic aneurysm development in mice. Methods C57BL/6J wild-type, Tgm2 -/- knockout, F13a1 -/- knockout, and Tgm2 -/- /F13a1 -/- double knockout mice were subjected to laparotomy and periaortic application of CaCl2. Results Tgm2 -/- mice showed slightly greater aortic dilatation at 6 weeks after treatment when compared with wild type. However, vessels from Tgm2 -/- mice, but not wild-type mice, continued to dilate up to 6 months after injury and by 24 weeks, a greater number of Tgm2 -/- mice had developed aneurysms (16/17 vs 10/19; P = .008). Laparotomy resulted in a high death rate in F13a1 -/- knockout mice, more frequently from cardiac complications than from hemorrhage, but among F13a1 -/- mice that survived for 6 weeks after CaCl2 treatment, abdominal aortic aneurysm diameter was unaltered relative to wild-type mice. Laparotomy resulted in a higher death rate among Tgm2 -/- /F13a1 -/- double knockout mice, owing to an increased frequency of delayed bleeding. Surprisingly, Tgm2 -/- /F13a1 -/- double knockout mice showed a trend toward decreased dilatation of the aorta 6 weeks after injury, and this finding was replicated in Tgm2 -/- /F13a1 -/- mice subjected to carotid artery injury. Levels of transcripts encoding TG2 were not increased in the aortas of injured wild-type or F13a1 -/- knockout mice relative to uninjured mice, although changes in the levels of other transcripts accorded with previous descriptions of the CaCl2 aneurysm model in mice. Conclusions Knockout of Tgm2, but not F13a1 exacerbates aortic dilatation, suggesting that TG2 confers protection. However, levels of TG2 messenger RNA are not acutely elevated after injury. FXIII-A plays a role in preventing postoperative damage after laparotomy, confirming previous reports that it prevents distal organ damage after trauma. TG2 promotes wound healing after surgery and, in its absence, the bleeding diathesis associated with FXIII-A deficiency is further exposed.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Y Sanders
- Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama
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19
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Probing tissue transglutaminase mediated vascular smooth muscle cell aging using a novel transamidation-deficient Tgm2-C277S mouse model. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:197. [PMID: 34326316 PMCID: PMC8322091 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (TG2), a multifunctional protein of the transglutaminase family, has putative transamidation-independent functions in aging-associated vascular stiffening and dysfunction. Developing preclinical models will be critical to fully understand the physiologic relevance of TG2's transamidation-independent activity and to identify the specific function of TG2 for therapeutic targeting. Therefore, in this study, we harnessed CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology to introduce a mutation at cysteine 277 in the active site of the mouse Tgm2 gene. Heterozygous and homozygous Tgm2-C277S mice were phenotypically normal and were born at the expected Mendelian frequency. TG2 protein was ubiquitously expressed in the Tgm2-C277S mice at levels similar to those of wild-type (WT) mice. In the Tgm2-C277S mice, TG2 transglutaminase function was successfully obliterated, but the transamidation-independent functions ascribed to GTP, fibronectin, and integrin binding were preserved. In vitro, a remodeling stimulus led to the significant loss of vascular compliance in WT mice, but not in the Tgm2-C277S or TG2-/- mice. Vascular stiffness increased with age in WT mice, as measured by pulse-wave velocity and tensile testing. Tgm2-C277S mice were protected from age-associated vascular stiffening, and TG2 knockout yielded further protection. Together, these studies show that TG2 contributes significantly to overall vascular modulus and vasoreactivity independent of its transamidation function, but that transamidation activity is a significant cause of vascular matrix stiffening during aging. Finally, the Tgm2-C277S mice can be used for in vivo studies to explore the transamidation-independent roles of TG2 in physiology and pathophysiology.
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20
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Fell S, Wang Z, Blanchard A, Nanthakumar C, Griffin M. Transglutaminase 2: a novel therapeutic target for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis using selective small molecule inhibitors. Amino Acids 2021; 53:205-217. [PMID: 33474654 PMCID: PMC7910249 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02938-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of a site-directed TG2-selective inhibitor on the lung myofibroblast phenotype and ECM deposition to elucidate TG2 as a novel therapeutic target in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)-an incurable progressive fibrotic disease. IPF fibroblasts showed increased expression of TG2, α smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and fibronectin (FN) with increased extracellular TG2 and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) compared to normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLFs) which do not express αSMA and express lower levels of FN. The myofibroblast phenotype shown by IPF fibroblasts could be reversed by selective TG2 inhibition with a reduction in matrix FN and TGFβ1 deposition. TG2 transduction or TGFβ1 treatment of NHLFs led to a comparable phenotype to that of IPF fibroblasts which was reversible following selective TG2 inhibition. Addition of exogenous TG2 to NHLFs also induced the myofibroblast phenotype by a mechanism involving TGFβ1 activation which could be ameliorated by selective TG2 inhibition. SMAD3-deleted IPF fibroblasts via CRISPR-cas9 genome editing, showed reduced TG2 protein levels following TGFβ1 stimulation. This study demonstrates a key role for TG2 in the induction of the myofibroblast phenotype and shows the potential for TG2-selective inhibitors as therapeutic agents for the treatment of fibrotic lung diseases like IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Fell
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zhuo Wang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Andy Blanchard
- Fibrosis Discovery Performance Unit, Respiratory Therapy Area, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Carmel Nanthakumar
- Fibrosis Discovery Performance Unit, Respiratory Therapy Area, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Martin Griffin
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
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21
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Escudero-Hernández C. Epithelial cell dysfunction in coeliac disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 358:133-164. [PMID: 33707053 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium limits host-luminal interactions and maintains gut homeostasis. Breakdown of the epithelial barrier and villous atrophy are hallmarks of coeliac disease. Besides the well characterized immune-mediated epithelial damage induced in coeliac mucosa, constitutional changes and early gluten direct effects disturb intestinal epithelial cells. The subsequent modifications in key epithelial signaling pathways leads to outnumbered immature epithelial cells that, in turn, facilitate epithelial dysfunction, promote crypt hyperplasia, and increase intestinal permeability. Consequently, underlying immune cells have a greater access to gluten, which boosts the proinflammatory immune response against gluten and positively feedback the epithelial damage loop. Gluten-free diet is an indispensable treatment for coeliac disease patients, but additional therapies are under development, including those that reinforce intestinal epithelial healing. In this chapter, we provide an overview of intestinal epithelial cell disturbances that develop during gluten intake in coeliac disease mucosa.
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22
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Specific and direct modulation of the interaction between adhesion GPCR GPR56/ADGRG1 and tissue transglutaminase 2 using synthetic ligands. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16912. [PMID: 33037308 PMCID: PMC7547085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking the interaction between cell-surface receptors and their ligands is a proven therapeutic strategy. Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are key cell-surface receptors that regulate numerous pathophysiological processes, and their large extracellular regions (ECRs) mediate ligand binding and function. The aGPCR GPR56/ADGRG1 regulates central nervous system myelination and melanoma progression by interacting with its ligand, tissue transglutaminase 2 (TG2), but the molecular basis for this interaction is largely undefined. Here, we show that the C-terminal portion of TG2 directly interacted with the GPR56 ECR with high-nanomolar affinity, and used site-directed mutagenesis to identify a patch of conserved residues on the pentraxin/laminin-neurexin-sex-hormone-binding-globulin-like (PLL) domain of GPR56 as the TG2 binding site. Importantly, we also show that the GPR56-TG2 interaction was blocked by previously-reported synthetic proteins, termed monobodies, that bind the GPR56 ECR in a domain- and species-specific manner. This work provides unique tools to modulate aGPCR-ligand binding and establishes a foundation for the development of aGPCR-targeted therapeutics.
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23
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Chermnykh ES, Alpeeva EV, Vorotelyak EA. Transglutaminase 3: The Involvement in Epithelial Differentiation and Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091996. [PMID: 32872587 PMCID: PMC7563467 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminases (TGMs) contribute to the formation of rigid, insoluble macromolecular complexes, which are essential for the epidermis and hair follicles to perform protective and barrier functions against the environment. During differentiation, epidermal keratinocytes undergo structural alterations being transformed into cornified cells, which constitute a highly tough outermost layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum. Similar processes occur during the hardening of the hair follicle and the hair shaft, which is provided by the enzymatic cross-linking of the structural proteins and keratin intermediate filaments. TGM3, also known as epidermal TGM, is one of the pivotal enzymes responsible for the formation of protein polymers in the epidermis and the hair follicle. Numerous studies have shown that TGM3 is extensively involved in epidermal and hair follicle physiology and pathology. However, the roles of TGM3, its substrates, and its importance for the integument system are not fully understood. Here, we summarize the main advances that have recently been achieved in TGM3 analyses in skin and hair follicle biology and also in understanding the functional role of TGM3 in human tumor pathology as well as the reliability of its prognostic clinical usage as a cancer diagnosis biomarker. This review also focuses on human and murine hair follicle abnormalities connected with TGM3 mutations.
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24
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Metformin attenuates TGF-β1-induced pulmonary fibrosis through inhibition of transglutaminase 2 and subsequent TGF-β pathways. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:287. [PMID: 32550106 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to confirm whether metformin can attenuate TGF-β1-induced pulmonary fibrosis through inhibition of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and subsequent TGF-β pathways. In vitro, MTT assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining assay were performed to determine the effect of metformin on the proliferation and apoptosis of human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1 cell). Protein expression of TG2, Collagen I (Col I) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were determined by western blot. To further confirm the relationship between TG2 and the anti-fibrotic effect of metformin, TG2 siRNA and TG2 overexpression plasmid were used to interfere the expression of TG2. A bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model was employed to determine the in vivo inhibitory effect of metformin. The concentrations of TG2, both in supernatants of cells and serum of rats, were determined by ELISA assay. Our results showed that metformin concentration-dependently inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of TGF-β1-stimulated HFL-1 cells. The protein expressions of TG2, Col I and α-SMA stimulated by TGF-β1 were decreased after metformin intervention, which was confirmed in both siRNAs and plasmids treatment conditions. In vivo, metformin attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis as demonstrated by H&E and Masson staining, as well as the protein expressions of Col I and α-SMA. Besides, phosphorylated SMAD2, phosphorylated SMAD3, phosphorylated Akt and phosphorylated ERK1/2 were all significantly increased after bleomycin treatment and decreased to normal levels after metformin intervention. Taken together, our results demonstrated that metformin can attenuate TGF-β1-induced pulmonary fibrosis, at least partly, through inhibition of TG2 and subsequent TGF-β pathways.
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25
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Lénárt K, Pap A, Pórszász R, V. Oláh A, Fésüs L, Mádi A. Transglutaminase 2 Has Metabolic and Vascular Regulatory Functions Revealed by In Vivo Activation of Alpha1-Adrenergic Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3865. [PMID: 32485850 PMCID: PMC7312910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional tissue transglutaminase has been demonstrated to act as α1-adrenergic receptor-coupled G protein with GTPase activity in several cell types. To explore further the pathophysiological significance of this function we investigated the in vivo effects of the α1-adrenergic receptor agonist phenylephrine comparing responses in wild type and TG2-/- mice. Injection of phenylephrine, but not a beta3-adrenergic agonist (CL-316,243), resulted in the long-term decline of the respiratory exchange ratio and lower lactate concentration in TG2-/- mice indicating they preferred to utilize fatty acids instead of glucose as fuels. Measurement of tail blood pressure revealed that the vasoconstrictive effect of phenylephrine was milder in TG2-/- mice leading to lower levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes in blood. LDH isoenzyme patterns indicated more damage in lung, liver, kidney, skeletal, and cardiac muscle of wild type mice; the latter was confirmed by a higher level of heart-specific CK-MB. Our data suggest that TG2 as an α1-adrenergic receptor-coupled G protein has important regulatory functions in alpha1-adrenergic receptor-mediated metabolic processes and vascular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Lénárt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.L.); (A.P.); (L.F.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Pap
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.L.); (A.P.); (L.F.)
| | - Róbert Pórszász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Anna V. Oláh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - László Fésüs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.L.); (A.P.); (L.F.)
| | - András Mádi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.L.); (A.P.); (L.F.)
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26
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Piro MC, Ventura A, Smirnov A, Saggini A, Lena AM, Mauriello A, Bianchi L, Melino G, Candi E. Transglutaminase 3 Reduces the Severity of Psoriasis in Imiquimod-Treated Mouse Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051566. [PMID: 32106600 PMCID: PMC7084269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Four transglutaminase (TG) isoforms have been detected in epidermal keratinocytes: TG1, TG2, TG3, and TG5. Except for TG1 and TG3, their contribution to keratinocyte development and structure remains undefined. In this paper, we focused on the roles of TG2 and TG3 in imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mouse skin. We evaluated the severity of psoriasis markers in the skin of imiquimod-treated TG3 null and TG2 null mice. Our results showed that compromised TG3KO mouse skin was more responsive than WT or TG2KO mouse skin to the action of the pro-inflammatory drug imiquimod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Piro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.C.P.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (A.M.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandra Ventura
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, University of L’Aquila, IT-67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Artem Smirnov
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.C.P.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (A.M.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Saggini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.C.P.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (A.M.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Anna Maria Lena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.C.P.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (A.M.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.C.P.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (A.M.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Luca Bianchi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.C.P.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (A.M.L.); (A.M.)
- Medical Research Council, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB21QP, UK
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.C.P.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (A.M.L.); (A.M.)
- IDI-IRCCS, Biochemistry laboratory, 00167 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-72596976
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27
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Boroumand M, Olianas A, Manconi B, Serrao S, Iavarone F, Desiderio C, Pieroni L, Faa G, Messana I, Castagnola M, Cabras T. Mapping of Transglutaminase-2 Sites of Human Salivary Small Basic Proline-Rich Proteins by HPLC-High-Resolution ESI-MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:300-313. [PMID: 31638822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Because of the distinctive features of the oral cavity, the determination of the proteins involved in the formation of the "oral protein pellicle" is demanding. The present study investigated the susceptibility of several human basic proline-rich peptides, named P-H, P-D, P-F, P-J, and II-2, as substrates of transglutaminase-2. The reactivity of the P-C peptide and statherin was also investigated. Peptides purified from human whole saliva were incubated with the enzyme in the presence or in the absence of monodansyl-cadaverine. Mass spectrometry analyses of the reaction products highlighted that P-H and P-D (P32 and A32 variants) were active substrates, II-2 was less reactive, and P-F and P-J showed very low reactivity. P-C and statherin were highly reactive. All of the peptides formed cyclo derivatives, and only specific glutamine residues were involved in the cycle formation and reacted with monodansyl-cadaverine: Q29 of P-H, Q37 of P-D, Q21 of II-2, Q41 of P-C, and Q37 of statherin were the principal reactive residues. One or two secondary glutamine residues of only P-H, P-D P32, P-C, and statherin were hierarchically susceptible to the reaction with monodansyl-cadaverine. MS and MS/MS data were deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium ( http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pride ) via the PRIDE partner repository with the data set identifier PXD014658.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Boroumand
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato , Monserrato, Cagliari 09042 , Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato , Monserrato, Cagliari 09042 , Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato , Monserrato, Cagliari 09042 , Italy
| | - Simone Serrao
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato , Monserrato, Cagliari 09042 , Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Roma 00168 , Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS , Roma 00143 , Italy
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare , Rome 00168 , Italy
| | - Luisa Pieroni
- Laboratorio di Proteomica -Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello- IRCCS , Fondazione Santa Lucia , Roma 00142 , Italy
| | - Gavino Faa
- Department of Pathology, AOU , University of Cagliari , Cagliari 09100 , Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare , Rome 00168 , Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica -Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello- IRCCS , Fondazione Santa Lucia , Roma 00142 , Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato , Monserrato, Cagliari 09042 , Italy
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28
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Griffin KJ, Newell LM, Simpson KR, Beckers CML, Drinkhill MJ, Standeven KF, Cheah LT, Iismaa SE, Grant PJ, Jackson CL, Pease RJ. Transglutaminase 2 limits the extravasation and the resultant myocardial fibrosis associated with factor XIII-A deficiency. Atherosclerosis 2019; 294:1-9. [PMID: 31874419 PMCID: PMC7024992 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims Transglutaminase (TG) 2 and Factor (F) XIII-A have both been implicated in cardiovascular protection and repair. This study was designed to differentiate between two competing hypotheses: that TG2 and FXIII-A mediate these functions in mice by fulfilling separate roles, or that they act redundantly in this respect. Methods Atherosclerosis was assessed in brachiocephalic artery plaques of fat-fed mixed strain apolipoprotein (Apo)e deficient mice that lacked either or both transglutaminases. Cardiac fibrosis was assessed both in the mixed strain mice and also in C57BL/6J Apoe expressing mice lacking either or both transglutaminases. Results No difference was found in the density of buried fibrous caps within brachiocephalic plaques from mice expressing or lacking these transglutaminases. Cardiac fibrosis developed in both Apoe/F13a1 double knockout and F13a1 single knockout mice, but not in Tgm2 knockout mice. However, concomitant Tgm2 knockout markedly increased fibrosis, as apparent in both Apoe/Tgm2/F13a1 knockout and Tgm2/F13a1 knockout mice. Amongst F13a1 knockout and Tgm2/F13a1 knockout mice, the extent of fibrosis correlated with hemosiderin deposition, suggesting that TG2 limits the extravasation of blood in the myocardium, which in turn reduces the pro-fibrotic stimulus. The resulting fibrosis was interstitial in nature and caused only minor changes in cardiac function. Conclusions These studies confirm that FXIII-A and TG2 fulfil different roles in the mouse myocardium. FXIII-A protects against vascular leakage while TG2 contributes to the stability or repair of the vasculature. The protective function of TG2 must be considered when designing clinical anti-fibrotic therapies based upon FXIII-A or TG2 inhibition. Double transglutaminase 2 and Factor XIII-A knockout exacerbates cardiac fibrosis. Double knockout does not promote the growth of, or destabilise, brachiocephalic plaques. FXIII-A in resident cardiac macrophages does not protect against cardiac fibrosis. FXIII-A in inflammatory macrophages may contribute to protection against fibrosis. Transglutaminase 2 and Factor XIII-A protect against extravasation of blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Griffin
- Discovery and Translational Science Division, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Laura M Newell
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Kingsley R Simpson
- Discovery and Translational Science Division, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Cora M L Beckers
- Discovery and Translational Science Division, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mark J Drinkhill
- Discovery and Translational Science Division, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Kristina F Standeven
- Discovery and Translational Science Division, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lih T Cheah
- Discovery and Translational Science Division, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Siiri E Iismaa
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Peter J Grant
- Discovery and Translational Science Division, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Richard J Pease
- Discovery and Translational Science Division, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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29
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Sohn JO, Park HJ, Kim SH, Kim MJ, Song HJ, Yun JI, Lim JM, Lee ST. Integrins expressed on the surface of human endometrial stromal cells derived from a female patient experiencing spontaneous abortion. Hum Cell 2019; 33:29-36. [PMID: 31808017 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-019-00278-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Here, as a basic study in revealing the correlation between extracellular matrix components and spontaneous abortion, we defined the types of integrins expressed on the surface of endometrial stromal (ES) cells retrieved from the uterus of a patient experiencing spontaneous abortion. For these, the types of integrin subunits in the ES cells retrieved from a woman with spontaneous abortion were identified at the transcriptional and translational levels, and functional assay was conducted for confirming the combinations of integrin α and β subunits. Among the genes encoding 25 integrin subunits, significantly high transcription was seen in integrins α1, α2, α3, α4, α5, αV, β1, β3, and β5. Translation of integrins α1, α3, α5, αV, and β1 on the cell surface was detected in almost all ES cells, whereas integrins α2, α4, β3, and β4 were expressed translationally only in some ES cells. Subsequently, ES cells showed significantly increased adhesion to collagen I, laminin, fibronectin, and vitronectin, and functional blocking of integrin α1, α3, α5, and αV significantly inhibited adhesion to these molecules. These results demonstrated that active heterodimers composed of integrins α1β1, α3β1, α5β1, and αVβ1 were co-localized on the surface of ES cells derived from a patient experiencing spontaneous abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ohn Sohn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, South Korea
- Fertility Medical Center, Seoul Women's Hospital, Bucheon, 14544, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Park
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Se Hee Kim
- Fertility Medical Center, Seoul Women's Hospital, Bucheon, 14544, South Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Fertility Medical Center, Seoul Women's Hospital, Bucheon, 14544, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Song
- Fertility Medical Center, Seoul Women's Hospital, Bucheon, 14544, South Korea
| | - Jung Im Yun
- Institute of Animal Resources, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Jeong Mook Lim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, South Korea.
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, #200-4219, Daehak ro 1, Gwanak gu, Seoul, 151-921, South Korea.
| | - Seung Tae Lee
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biomodulation, Department of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Dongsangdae 2-#105-1, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
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30
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Hauser S, Wodtke R, Tondera C, Wodtke J, Neffe AT, Hampe J, Lendlein A, Löser R, Pietzsch J. Characterization of Tissue Transglutaminase as a Potential Biomarker for Tissue Response toward Biomaterials. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:5979-5989. [PMID: 33405720 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (TGase 2) is proposed to be important for biomaterial-tissue interactions due to its presence and versatile functions in the extracellular environment. TGase 2 catalyzes the cross-linking of proteins through its Ca2+-dependent acyltransferase activity. Moreover, it enhances the interactions between fibronectin and integrins, which in turn mediates the adhesion, migration, and motility of the cells. TGase 2 is also a key player in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In this study, we investigated whether TGase 2 is present at the biomaterial-tissue interface and might serve as an informative biomarker for the visualization of tissue response toward gelatin-based biomaterials. Two differently cross-linked hydrogels were used, which were obtained by the reaction of gelatin with lysine diisocyanate ethyl ester. The overall expression of TGase 2 by endothelial cells, macrophages, and granulocytes was partly influenced by contact to the hydrogels or their degradation products, although no clear correlation was evidenced. In contrast, the secretion of TGase 2 differed remarkably between the different cells, indicating that it might be involved in the cellular reaction toward gelatin-based hydrogels. The hydrogels were implanted subcutaneously in immunocompetent, hairless SKH1-Elite mice. Ex vivo immunohistochemical analysis of tissue sections over 112 days revealed enhanced expression of TGase 2 around the hydrogels, in particular at days 14 and 21 post-implantation. The incorporation of fluorescently labeled cadaverine derivatives for the detection of active TGase 2 was in accordance with the results of the expression analysis. The presence of an irreversible inhibitor of TGase 2 led to attenuated incorporation of the cadaverines, which verified the catalytic action of TGase 2. Our in vitro and ex vivo results verified TGase 2 as a potential biomarker for tissue response toward gelatin-based hydrogels. In vivo, no TGase 2 activity was detectable, which is mainly attributed to the unfavorable physicochemical properties of the cadaverine probe used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hauser
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Robert Wodtke
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Christoph Tondera
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Johanna Wodtke
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Axel T Neffe
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute on Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Teltow 14513, Germany.,Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Teltow 14513, Germany
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute on Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Teltow 14513, Germany.,Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Teltow 14513, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14469, Germany
| | - Reik Löser
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Sciences, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Sciences, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
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31
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Transglutaminase 2 maintains a colorectal cancer stem phenotype by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4556-4569. [PMID: 31360304 PMCID: PMC6642042 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2), a multifunctional protein, is reported in regulating the cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype in various cancers. Our previous work suggested the link between TG2 and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here we demonstrate the importance of TG2 in CSC development in human CRC cell lines HCT116 and SW620. CRC spheroid cells showed increased CSC characteristics over their monolayer cells with increased expression of CD44 and over expression of Oct3/4, Sox2 and Nanog. They also showed increased EMT and invasiveness, and enhanced expression of TG2. TG2 inhibition by its selective inhibitor 1-155 reduced both spheroid formation and invasive potential of the spheroid cells. β-catenin, a mediator of stem cell maintenance, was overexpressed in the spheroid cells and could be attenuated by TG2 inhibition. Spheroid cells possessed increased angiogenesis stimulating ability via overexpression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). Increased VEGF was present in the culture media from spheroid cells when compared to monolayer cultures which could be reduced by selective inhibition by 1-155. Stemness and malignancy in the colorectal spheroid cells was associated with increased TG2, EMT, β-catenin and VEGF. Here we demonstrate that inhibiting TG2 reduces both stemness and angiogenic stimulating activity in CRC.
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Li J, Mao R, Kurada S, Wang J, Lin S, Chandra J, Rieder F. Pathogenesis of fibrostenosing Crohn's disease. Transl Res 2019; 209:39-54. [PMID: 30981697 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease, which could affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. A severe complication of CD is fibrosis-associated strictures, which can cause bowel obstruction. Unfortunately, there is no specific antifibrotic therapy available. More than 80% of the patients with CD will have to undergo at least 1 surgery in their life and recurrence of strictures after surgery is common. Investigations on the mechanism of fibrostenosing CD have revealed that fibrosis is mainly driven by expansion of mesenchymal cells including fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells. Being exposed to a pro-fibrotic milieu, these cells increase the secretion of extracellular matrix, as well as crosslinking enzymes, which drive tissue stiffness and remodeling. Fibrogenesis can become independent of inflammation in later stages of disease, which offers unique therapeutic potential. Exciting new evidence suggests smooth muscle cell hyperplasia as a strong contributor to luminal narrowing in fibrostenotic CD. Approval of new drugs in other fibrotic diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, as well as new targets associated with fibrosis found in CD, such as cadherins or specific integrins, shed light on the development of novel antifibrotic approaches in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ren Mao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Satya Kurada
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Sinan Lin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jyotsna Chandra
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.
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Transglutaminase 2: The Maestro of the Oncogenic Mediators in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Med Sci (Basel) 2019; 7:medsci7020024. [PMID: 30736384 PMCID: PMC6409915 DOI: 10.3390/medsci7020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional crosslinking enzyme that displays transamidation, protein disulfide isomerase, protein kinase, as well as GTPase and ATPase activities. TG2 can also act as an adhesion molecule involved in the syndecan and integrin receptor signaling. In recent years, TG2 was implicated in cancer progression, survival, invasion, migration, and stemness of many cancer types, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Von Hippel-Lindau mutations leading to the subsequent activation of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF)-1-mediated signaling pathways, survival signaling via the PI3K/Akt pathway resulting in Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) metastasis and angiogenesis are the main factors in RCC progression. A number of studies have shown that TG2 was important in HIF-1- and PI3K-mediated signaling, VHL and p53 stabilization, glycolytic metabolism and migratory phenotype in RCC. This review focuses on the role of TG2 in the regulation of molecular pathways nurturing not only the development and propagation of RCC, but also drug-resistance and metastatic potential.
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Notch ligand Delta-like 4 induces epigenetic regulation of Treg cell differentiation and function in viral infection. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1524-1536. [PMID: 30038214 PMCID: PMC6160345 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Notch ligand Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) has been shown to regulate CD4 T-cell differentiation, including regulatory T cells (Treg). Epigenetic alterations, which include histone modifications, are critical in cell differentiation decisions. Recent genome-wide studies demonstrated that Treg have increased trimethylation on histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3) around the Treg master transcription factor, Foxp3 loci. Here we report that DLL4 dynamically increased H3K4 methylation around the Foxp3 locus that was dependent upon upregulated SET and MYDN domain containing protein 3 (SMYD3). DLL4 promoted Smyd3 through the canonical Notch pathway in iTreg differentiation. DLL4 inhibition during pulmonary respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection decreased Smyd3 expression and Foxp3 expression in Treg leading to increased Il17a. On the other hand, DLL4 supported Il10 expression in vitro and in vivo, which was also partially dependent upon SMYD3. Using genome-wide unbiased mRNA sequencing, novel sets of DLL4- and Smyd3-dependent differentially expressed genes were discovered, including lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (Lag3), a checkpoint inhibitor that has been identified for modulating Th cell activation. Together, our data demonstrate a novel mechanism of DLL4/Notch-induced Smyd3 epigenetic pathways that maintain regulatory CD4 T cells in viral infections.
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Shinde AV, Dobaczewski M, de Haan JJ, Saxena A, Lee KK, Xia Y, Chen W, Su Y, Hanif W, Kaur Madahar I, Paulino VM, Melino G, Frangogiannis NG. Tissue transglutaminase induction in the pressure-overloaded myocardium regulates matrix remodelling. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:892-905. [PMID: 28371893 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) is induced in injured and remodelling tissues, and modulates cellular phenotype, while contributing to matrix cross-linking. Our study tested the hypothesis that tTG may be expressed in the pressure-overloaded myocardium, and may regulate cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis and chamber remodelling. Methods and results In order to test the hypothesis, wild-type and tTG null mice were subjected to pressure overload induced through transverse aortic constriction. Moreover, we used isolated cardiac fibroblasts and macrophages to dissect the mechanisms of tTG-mediated actions. tTG expression was upregulated in the pressure-overloaded mouse heart and was localized in cardiomyocytes, interstitial cells, and in the extracellular matrix. In contrast, expression of transglutaminases 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and FXIII was not induced in the remodelling myocardium. In vitro, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 stimulated tTG synthesis in cardiac fibroblasts and in macrophages through distinct signalling pathways. tTG null mice had increased mortality and enhanced ventricular dilation following pressure overload, but were protected from diastolic dysfunction. tTG loss was associated with a hypercellular cardiac interstitium, reduced collagen cross-linking, and with accentuated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 activity in the pressure-overloaded myocardium. In vitro, tTG did not modulate TGF-β-mediated responses in cardiac fibroblasts; however, tTG loss was associated with accentuated proliferative activity. Moreover, when bound to the matrix, recombinant tTG induced synthesis of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 through transamidase-independent actions. Conclusions Following pressure overload, endogenous tTG mediates matrix cross-linking, while protecting the remodelling myocardium from dilation by exerting matrix-preserving actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti V Shinde
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bronx, NY 10021, USA
| | - Marcin Dobaczewski
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bronx, NY 10021, USA
| | - Judith J de Haan
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bronx, NY 10021, USA
| | - Amit Saxena
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bronx, NY 10021, USA
| | - Kang-Kon Lee
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bronx, NY 10021, USA
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bronx, NY 10021, USA
| | - Ya Su
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bronx, NY 10021, USA
| | - Waqas Hanif
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bronx, NY 10021, USA
| | - Inderpreet Kaur Madahar
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bronx, NY 10021, USA
| | - Victor M Paulino
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bronx, NY 10021, USA
| | - Gerry Melino
- Biochemistry IDI-IRCCS Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bronx, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Spotlight on the transglutaminase 2 gene: a focus on genomic and transcriptional aspects. Biochem J 2018; 475:1643-1667. [PMID: 29764956 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The type 2 isoenzyme is the most widely expressed transglutaminase in mammals displaying several intra- and extracellular activities depending on its location (protein modification, modulation of gene expression, membrane signalling and stabilization of cellular interactions with the extracellular matrix) in relation to cell death, survival and differentiation. In contrast with the appreciable knowledge about the regulation of the enzymatic activities, much less is known concerning its inducible expression, which is altered in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. In this context, we first summarize the gene's basic features including single-nucleotide polymorphism characterization, epigenetic DNA methylation and identification of regulatory regions and of transcription factor-binding sites at the gene promoter, which could concur to direct gene expression. Further aspects related to alternative splicing events and to ncRNAs (microRNAs and lncRNAs) are involved in the modulation of its expression. Notably, this important gene displays transcriptional variants relevant for the protein's function with the occurrence of at least seven transcripts which support the synthesis of five isoforms with modified catalytic activities. The different expression of the TG2 (type 2 transglutaminase) variants might be useful for dictating the multiple biological features of the protein and their alterations in pathology, as well as from a therapeutic perspective.
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Shinde AV, Su Y, Palanski BA, Fujikura K, Garcia MJ, Frangogiannis NG. Pharmacologic inhibition of the enzymatic effects of tissue transglutaminase reduces cardiac fibrosis and attenuates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy following pressure overload. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 117:36-48. [PMID: 29481819 PMCID: PMC5892840 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) is a multifunctional protein with a wide range of enzymatic and non-enzymatic functions. We have recently demonstrated that tTG expression is upregulated in the pressure-overloaded myocardium and exerts fibrogenic actions promoting diastolic dysfunction, while preventing chamber dilation. Our current investigation dissects the in vivo and in vitro roles of the enzymatic effects of tTG on fibrotic remodeling in pressure-overloaded myocardium. Using a mouse model of transverse aortic constriction, we demonstrated perivascular and interstitial tTG activation in the remodeling pressure-overloaded heart. tTG inhibition through administration of the selective small molecule tTG inhibitor ERW1041E attenuated left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and reduced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis in the pressure-overloaded heart, without affecting chamber dimensions and ejection fraction. In vivo, tTG inhibition markedly reduced myocardial collagen mRNA and protein levels and attenuated transcription of fibrosis-associated genes. In contrast, addition of exogenous recombinant tTG to fibroblast-populated collagen pads had no significant effects on collagen transcription, and instead increased synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)3 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)1 through transamidase-independent actions. However, enzymatic effects of matrix-bound tTG increased the thickness of pericellular collagen in fibroblast-populated pads. tTG exerts distinct enzymatic and non-enzymatic functions in the remodeling pressure-overloaded heart. The enzymatic effects of tTG are fibrogenic and promote diastolic dysfunction, but do not directly modulate the pro-fibrotic transcriptional program of fibroblasts. Targeting transamidase-dependent actions of tTG may be a promising therapeutic strategy in patients with heart failure and fibrosis-associated diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti V Shinde
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ya Su
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Brad A Palanski
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kana Fujikura
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Mario J Garcia
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
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Santi A, Kugeratski FG, Zanivan S. Cancer Associated Fibroblasts: The Architects of Stroma Remodeling. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1700167. [PMID: 29280568 PMCID: PMC5900985 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts have exceptional phenotypic plasticity and capability to secrete vast amount of soluble factors, extracellular matrix components and extracellular vesicles. While in physiological conditions this makes fibroblasts master regulators of tissue homeostasis and healing of injured tissues, in solid tumors cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) co-evolve with the disease, and alter the biochemical and physical structure of the tumor microenvironment, as well as the behavior of the surrounding stromal and cancer cells. Thus CAFs are fundamental regulators of tumor progression and influence response to therapeutic treatments. Increasing efforts are devoted to better understand the biology of CAFs to bring insights to develop complementary strategies to target this cell type in cancer. Here we highlight components of the tumor microenvironment that play key roles in cancer progression and invasion, and provide an extensive overview of past and emerging understanding of CAF biology as well as the contribution that MS-based proteomics has made to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Santi
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
| | | | - Sara Zanivan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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Ding Y, Liu P, Zhang S, Tao L, Han J. Screening pathogenic genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma based on the mRNA expression microarray data. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:3597-3603. [PMID: 29512771 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignancies and its survival rate has barely improved over the past few decades. The purpose of this study was to screen pathogenic genes of OSCC via microarray analysis. The mRNA expression microarray datasets (GSE2280 and GSE3524) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. In GSE2280, there were 22 OSCC samples without metastasis and 5 OSCC samples with lymph node metastasis. In GSE3524, there were 16 OSCC samples and 4 normal tissue samples. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in OSCC samples with lymph node metastasis compared with those without metastasis (named as DEGs-1), and the DEGs in OSCC samples compared with normal tissue samples (named as DEGs-2), were obtained via limma package. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) was used to perform the functional enrichment analyses of DEGs-1 and DEGs-2. The miRNA-gene pairs of overlaps among DEGs were screened out with the TargetScan database, and the miRNA-gene regulated network was constructed by Cytoscape software. A total of 233 and 410 DEGs were identified in the sets of DEGs-1 and DEGs-2, respectively. DEGs-1 were enriched in 188 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and 8 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, and DEGs-2 were enriched in 228 GO terms and 6 KEGG pathways. In total, 126 nodes and 135 regulated pairs were involved in the miRNA-gene regulated network. Our study indicated that transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) and Islet 1 (ISL1) may be biomarkers of OSCC and their metastases. Moreover, it provided some potential pathogenic genes (e.g. P2RY2 and RAPGEFL1) in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ding
- Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Lymphoma, Sino-US Center of Lymphoma and Leukemia, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Shengsheng Zhang
- Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Lin Tao
- Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Han
- Dental Materials Laboratory, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
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Sapudom J, Pompe T. Biomimetic tumor microenvironments based on collagen matrices. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2009-2024. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00303c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the current approaches to engineer defined 3D matrices for the investigation of tumor cell behaviorin vitro, with a focus on collagen-based fibrillar systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiranuwat Sapudom
- Biophysical Chemistry Group
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Life Sciences
- Leipzig University
- Leipzig 04103
| | - Tilo Pompe
- Biophysical Chemistry Group
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Life Sciences
- Leipzig University
- Leipzig 04103
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Reaction profiling of a set of acrylamide-based human tissue transglutaminase inhibitors. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 79:157-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tissue transglutaminase induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition and the acquisition of stem cell like characteristics in colorectal cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20025-20041. [PMID: 28223538 PMCID: PMC5386741 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human colon cancer cell lines (CRCs) RKO, SW480 and SW620 were investigated for TG2 involvement in tumour advancement and aggression. TG2 expression correlated with tumour advancement and expression of markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The metastatic cell line SW620 showed high TG2 expression compared to the primary tumour cell lines SW480 and RKO and could form tumour spheroids under non- adherent conditions. TG2 manipulation in the CRCs by shRNA or TG2 transduction confirmed the relationship between TG2 and EMT. TGFβ1 expression in CRC cells, and its level in the cell medium and extracellular matrix was increased in primary tumour CRCs overexpressing TG2 and could regulate TG2 expression and EMT by both canonical (RKO) and non-canonical (RKO and SW480) signalling. TGFβ1 regulation was not observed in the metastatic SW620 cell line, but TG2 knockdown or inhibition in SW620 reversed EMT. In SW620, TG2 expression and EMT was associated with increased presence of nuclear β-catenin which could be mediated by association of TG2 with the Wnt signalling co-receptor LRP5. TG2 inhibition/knockdown increased interaction between β-catenin and ubiquitin shown by co-immunoprecipitation, suggesting that TG2 could be important in β-catenin regulation. β-Catenin and TG2 was also upregulated in SW620 spheroid cells enriched with cancer stem cell marker CD44 and TG2 inhibition/knockdown reduced the spheroid forming potential of SW620 cells. Our data suggests that TG2 could hold both prognostic and therapeutic significance in colon cancer.
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Harb OA, Elsayed WSH, Ismail EI, Toam MM, Ammar MG. Thioredoxin-Interact ing-Pro t e in [TXNIP] and Transglutaminase 2 [TGM2] Expression in Meningiomas of Different Grades and the Role of Their Expression in
Meningioma Recurrence and Prognosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2299-2308. [PMID: 28843270 PMCID: PMC5697495 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.8.2299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Meningiomas are common central nervous system (CNS) tumors that account for thirty percent of
primary intracranial tumors.. The accuracy of predicting meningioma recurrence and progression is not enough. So, there
is a real need for discovering recent factors for identification of the relapse risk, progression rates, which patients will
need aggressive treatment and predicting and improving patients’ survival. Thioredoxin-interacting-protein [TXNIP]
is an alpha-arrestin-protein family member that is mapped on chromosome 1-q21–22 and is found to participate in
cellular redox reactions regulations and control. Transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) is a transglutaminase enzyme family
member that is found in many human cells, it may act as an enzyme, a structural protein and also has multiple roles
in many cellular activities. Aim of our study: It was to explore the expression of TXNIP, TGM2 and Ki-67 using
immunohistochemistry in different pathological grades of meningiomas, and to investigate the relevance between
their expressions, clinicopathological criteria, disease recurrence and prognosis of meningioma patients. Methods: we
included 50 cases of meningioma of different pathological grades; all patients were managed according to their grade
by surgery alone, with radiotherapy or combined modalities. Sections from paraffin blocks prepared from samples of all
patients stained by TXNIP, TGM2 and Ki-67 using immunohistochemistry. Results: high expression of TXNIP in 28
out of 50 (56%) cases of meningioma of different pathological grades and was positively correlated with meningioma
lower grade, low KI labeling index (p=0.000), adequacy of resection, negatively correlated with high incidence of
recurrence after surgery and it was negatively correlated with meningioma higher pathological grades (p=0.000). We
detected high expression of TGM2 in 21 out of 50 (42%) cases of meningioma and it was positively correlated with
meningioma higher grade (p= 0.002), high KI labeling index (p=0.000), high incidence of recurrence after surgery,
progression to higher pathological grades and was negatively correlated with adequacy of resection of meningioma
(p=0.000). Conclusion: There is inverse relation between both [TXNIP and TGM2 expression in meningiomas and the
combination of decreased expression of TXNIP and increased expression of TGM2 could predict risk of meningioma
recurrence and progression in to higher pathological grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola A Harb
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
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Browning deficiency and low mobilization of fatty acids in gonadal white adipose tissue leads to decreased cold-tolerance of transglutaminase 2 knock-out mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1575-1586. [PMID: 28774822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During cold-exposure 'beige' adipocytes with increased mitochondrial content are activated in white adipose tissue (WAT). These cells, similarly to brown adipose tissue (BAT), dissipate stored chemical energy in the form of heat with the help of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). We investigated the effect of tissue transglutaminase (TG2) ablation on the function of ATs in mice. Although TG2+/+ and TG2-/- mice had the same amount of WAT and BAT, we found that TG2+/+ animals could tolerate acute cold exposure for 4h, whereas TG2-/- mice only for 3h. Both TG2-/- and TG2+/+ animals used up half of the triacylglycerol content of subcutaneous WAT (SCAT) after 3h treatment; however, TG2-/- mice still possessed markedly whiter and higher amount of gonadal WAT (GONAT) as reflected in the larger size of adipocytes and lower free fatty acid levels in serum. Furthermore, lower expression of 'beige' marker genes such as UCP1, TBX1 and TNFRFS9 was observed after cold exposure in GONAT of TG2-/- mice, paralleled with a lower level of UCP1 protein and a decreased mitochondrial content. The detected changes in gene expression of Resistin and Adiponectin did not provoke glucose intolerance in the investigated TG2-/- mice, and TG2 deletion did not influence adrenaline, noradrenaline, glucagon and insulin production. Our data suggest that TG2 has a tissue-specific role in GONAT function and browning, which becomes apparent under acute cold exposure.
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Márkus B, Pató Z, Sarang Z, Albert R, Tőzsér J, Petrovski G, Csősz É. The proteomic profile of a mouse model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1166-1177. [PMID: 28781956 PMCID: PMC5537063 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) develops as a complication of retinal detachment surgery and represents a devastating condition leading to serious vision loss. A good animal model that permits extensive functional studies and drug testing is crucial in finding better therapeutic modalities for PVR. A previously established mouse model, using dispase injection, was analyzed from the proteomic point of view, examining global protein profile changes by 2D electrophoresis, image analysis and HPLC–tandem mass spectrometry‐based protein identification. The easy applicability of the mouse model was used to study the role of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) in PVR formation by proteomic examination of dispase‐induced TG2 knockout vitreous samples. Our data demonstrate that, despite the altered appearance of crystallin proteins, the lack of TG2 did not prevent the development of PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadett Márkus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Pató
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Hungary
| | - Zsolt Sarang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Hungary
| | - Réka Albert
- Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine University of Szeged Hungary
| | - József Tőzsér
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Hungary
| | - Goran Petrovski
- Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine University of Szeged Hungary.,Department of Ophthalmology Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo Norway
| | - Éva Csősz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Hungary
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Hernandez-Fernaud JR, Ruengeler E, Casazza A, Neilson LJ, Pulleine E, Santi A, Ismail S, Lilla S, Dhayade S, MacPherson IR, McNeish I, Ennis D, Ali H, Kugeratski FG, Al Khamici H, van den Biggelaar M, van den Berghe PV, Cloix C, McDonald L, Millan D, Hoyle A, Kuchnio A, Carmeliet P, Valenzuela SM, Blyth K, Yin H, Mazzone M, Norman JC, Zanivan S. Secreted CLIC3 drives cancer progression through its glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase activity. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14206. [PMID: 28198360 PMCID: PMC5316871 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The secretome of cancer and stromal cells generates a microenvironment that contributes to tumour cell invasion and angiogenesis. Here we compare the secretome of human mammary normal and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). We discover that the chloride intracellular channel protein 3 (CLIC3) is an abundant component of the CAF secretome. Secreted CLIC3 promotes invasive behaviour of endothelial cells to drive angiogenesis and increases invasiveness of cancer cells both in vivo and in 3D cell culture models, and this requires active transglutaminase-2 (TGM2). CLIC3 acts as a glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase that reduces TGM2 and regulates TGM2 binding to its cofactors. Finally, CLIC3 is also secreted by cancer cells, is abundant in the stromal and tumour compartments of aggressive ovarian cancers and its levels correlate with poor clinical outcome. This work reveals a previously undescribed invasive mechanism whereby the secretion of a glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase drives angiogenesis and cancer progression by promoting TGM2-dependent invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Casazza
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | | | - Ellie Pulleine
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK
| | - Alice Santi
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G611BD, UK
| | - Shehab Ismail
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G611BD, UK
| | - Sergio Lilla
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G611BD, UK
| | | | - Iain R. MacPherson
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G611QH, UK
| | - Iain McNeish
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G611QH, UK
| | - Darren Ennis
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G611QH, UK
| | - Hala Ali
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | | | - Heba Al Khamici
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Laura McDonald
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G611BD, UK
| | - David Millan
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Aoisha Hoyle
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Anna Kuchnio
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stella M. Valenzuela
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G611BD, UK
| | - Huabing Yin
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Jim C. Norman
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G611BD, UK
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G611BD, UK
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Dermatan sulfate is a player in the transglutaminase 2 interaction network. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172263. [PMID: 28199387 PMCID: PMC5310773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional protein that is primarily engaged in cell adhesion/signaling or shows Ca2+-dependent transglutaminase activity in the extracellular space of tissues. This latter action leads to the cross-linking of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The enhanced extracellular expression of TG2 is associated with processes such as wound healing, fibrosis or vascular remodeling that are also characterized by a high deposition of dermatan sulfate (DS) proteoglycans in the ECM. However, it is unknown whether DS may bind to TG2 or affect its function. Using the plasmon surface resonance method, we showed that DS chains, especially those of biglycan, are good binding partners for TG2. The interaction has some requirements as to the DS structure. The competitive effect of heparin on DS binding to TG2 suggests that both glycosaminoglycans occupy the same binding site(s) on the protein molecule. An occurrence of the DS-TG2 interaction was confirmed by the co-immunoprecipitation of this protein with native decorin that is a DS-bearing proteoglycan rather than with the decorin core protein. Moreover, in vivo DS is responsible for both TG2 binding and the regulation of the location of this protein in the ECM as can be suggested from an increased extraction of TG2 from the human fascia only when an enzymatic degradation of the tissue DS was conducted in the presence of the anti-collagen type I antiserum. In addition, DS with a low affinity for TG2 exerted an inhibitory effect on the protein transamidating activity most probably via the control of the accessibility of a substrate. Our data show that DS can affect several aspects of TG2 biology in both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) enables survival of human malignant pleural mesothelioma cells in hypoxia. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2592. [PMID: 28151477 PMCID: PMC5386478 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor linked to environmental/occupational exposure to asbestos, characterized by the presence of significant areas of hypoxia. In this study, we firstly explored the expression and the role of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) in MPM cell adaptation to hypoxia. We demonstrated that cells derived from biphasic MPM express the full-length TG2 variant at higher levels than cells derived from epithelioid MPM and normal mesothelium. We observed a significant induction of TG2 expression and activity when cells from biphasic MPM were grown as a monolayer in chronic hypoxia or packed in spheroids, where the presence of a hypoxic core was demonstrated. We described that the hypoxic induction of TG2 was HIF-2 dependent. Importantly, TGM2-v1 silencing caused a marked and significant reduction of MPM cell viability in hypoxic conditions when compared with normoxia. Notably, a TG2-selective irreversible inhibitor that reacts with the intracellular active form of TG2, but not a non-cell-permeable inhibitor, significantly compromised cell viability in MPM spheroids. Understanding the expression and function of TG2 in the adaptation to the hypoxic environment may provide useful information for novel promising therapeutic options for MPM treatment.
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Fisher ML, Kerr C, Adhikary G, Grun D, Xu W, Keillor JW, Eckert RL. Transglutaminase Interaction with α6/β4-Integrin Stimulates YAP1-Dependent ΔNp63α Stabilization and Leads to Enhanced Cancer Stem Cell Survival and Tumor Formation. Cancer Res 2016; 76:7265-7276. [PMID: 27780825 PMCID: PMC5161627 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) expression is required for epidermal squamous cell carcinoma cancer stem cell survival. However, the molecular signaling mechanisms triggered by TG2 that mediate this survival action are not well understood. Here we show that TG2 is constitutively expressed in ECS cells, where it interacts with α6/β4 integrin to stimulate FAK and Src signaling, leading to PI3K activation of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1). PDK1 inhibits Hippo signaling, leading to enhanced nuclear accumulation of YAP1, which interacted with and stabilized ΔNp63α to enhance epidermal squamous cell carcinoma spheroid formation, invasion, and migration. Overall, these findings suggest that constitutive TG2 expression results in stabilization of ΔNp63α, leading to maintenance of cancer stem cell properties and enhanced tumor formation. Cancer Res; 76(24); 7265-76. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Fisher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Candace Kerr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gautam Adhikary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dan Grun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey W Keillor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard L Eckert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
- Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Reproductive Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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