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Czajkowska A, Czajkowski M, Szczerbinski L, Jurczuk K, Reska D, Kwedlo W, Kretowski M, Zabielski P, Kretowski A. Exploring protein relative relations in skeletal muscle proteomic analysis for insights into insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17631. [PMID: 39085321 PMCID: PMC11292014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) underscores the urgent need for improved early detection techniques and effective treatment strategies. In this context, our study presents a proteomic analysis of post-exercise skeletal muscle biopsies from individuals across a spectrum of glucose metabolism states: normal, prediabetes, and T2D. This enabled the identification of significant protein relationships indicative of each specific glycemic condition. Our investigation primarily leveraged the machine learning approach, employing the white-box algorithm relative evolutionary hierarchical analysis (REHA), to explore the impact of regulated, mixed mode exercise on skeletal muscle proteome in subjects with diverse glycemic status. This method aimed to advance the diagnosis of IR and T2D and elucidate the molecular pathways involved in its development and the response to exercise. Additionally, we used proteomics-specific statistical analysis to provide a comparative perspective, highlighting the nuanced differences identified by REHA. Validation of the REHA model with a comparable external dataset further demonstrated its efficacy in distinguishing between diverse proteomic profiles. Key metrics such as accuracy and the area under the ROC curve confirmed REHA's capability to uncover novel molecular pathways and significant protein interactions, offering fresh insights into the effects of exercise on IR and T2D pathophysiology of skeletal muscle. The visualizations not only underscored significant proteins and their interactions but also showcased decision trees that effectively differentiate between various glycemic states, thereby enhancing our understanding of the biomolecular landscape of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Czajkowska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland.
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, A. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-369, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Marcin Czajkowski
- Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Białystok, Poland
| | - Lukasz Szczerbinski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Krzysztof Jurczuk
- Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Białystok, Poland
| | - Daniel Reska
- Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Białystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kwedlo
- Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marek Kretowski
- Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Białystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Zabielski
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, A. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-369, Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
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2
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Liu X, Wang H, Zhu L. Profound perturbations are found in the proteome and metabolome in children with obesity after weight loss intervention. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31917. [PMID: 38867950 PMCID: PMC11167357 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The mechanisms occur in children with obesity after lifestyle intervention remain poorly explained. Here, we investigated the serum proteomes and metabolomes of children with obesity who had undergone 30 days of weight loss intervention. Methods and results Serum samples and clinical parameters were collected before and after lifestyle alteration interventions. Proteomic and metabolomic profiling was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins and differentially abundant metabolites in response to weight loss intervention. Lifestyle alteration interventions significantly decreased BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference and body fat, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and high non-HDL cholesterol, but not TG and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), in children with obesity. By comparing the multiomics data, we identified 43 proteins and 165 metabolites that were significantly differentially expressed in children with obesity before and after lifestyle alteration interventions. Using integrated -omics analysis, we obtained 7 KEGG pathways that were organically integrated based on the correlations between differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and metabolites (DMs). Further interaction analysis identified 7 proteins as candidate DEPs and 9 metabolites as candidate DMs. Interestingly, we found that some of these candidate DEPs and candidate DMs were significantly correlated with clinical parameters. Conclusion Our results provide valuable proteome and metabolome data resources for better understanding weight loss-associated responses in children with obesity. In addition, we analyzed the number of significantly differentially expressed proteins and metabolites, shed new light on weight loss pathogenesis in children with obesity, and added potential therapeutic agents for obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Liu
- School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiguo Wang
- School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Regazzoni L. State of the Art in the Development of Human Serum Carnosinase Inhibitors. Molecules 2024; 29:2488. [PMID: 38893364 PMCID: PMC11173852 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Human serum carnosinase is an enzyme that operates the preferential hydrolysis of dipeptides with a C-terminus histidine. Only higher primates excrete such an enzyme in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. In humans, the serum hydrolytic rate has high interindividual variability owing to gene polymorphism, although age, gender, diet, and also diseases and surgical interventions can modify serum activity. Human genetic diseases with altered carnosinase activity have been identified and associated with neurological disorders and age-related cognitive decline. On the contrary, low peripheral carnosinase activity has been associated with kidney protection, especially in diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, serum carnosinase is a druggable target for the development of selective inhibitors. However, only one molecule (i.e., carnostatine) has been discovered with the purpose of developing serum carnosinase inhibitors. Bestatin is the only inhibitor reported other than carnostatine, although its activity is not selective towards serum carnosinase. Herein, we present a review of the most critical findings on human serum carnosinase, including enzyme expression, localization and substrate selectivity, along with factors affecting the hydrolytic activity, its implication in human diseases and the properties of known inhibitors of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Regazzoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
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4
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Chmielewska K, Vittorio S, Gervasoni S, Dzierzbicka K, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I, Vistoli G. Human carnosinases: A brief history, medicinal relevance, and in silico analyses. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103860. [PMID: 38128717 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Carnosine, an endogenous dipeptide, has been found to have a plethora of medicinal properties, such as antioxidant, antiageing, and chelating effects, but with one downside: a short half-life. Carnosinases and two hydrolytic enzymes, which remain enigmatic, are responsible for these features. Hence, here we emphasize why research is valuable for better understanding crucial concepts like ageing, neurodegradation, and cancerogenesis, given that inhibition of carnosinases might significantly prolong carnosine bioavailability and allow its further use in medicine. Herein, we explore the literature regarding carnosinases and present a short in silico analysis aimed at elucidating the possible recognition pattern between CN1 and its ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Chmielewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Serena Vittorio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Gervasoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy; Physics Department, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SP 8 km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Krystyna Dzierzbicka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Giulio Vistoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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5
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Nogueira-Ferreira R, Santos I, Ferreira R, Fontoura D, Sousa-Mendes C, Falcão-Pires I, Lourenço A, Leite-Moreira A, Duarte IF, Moreira-Gonçalves D. Exercise training impacts skeletal muscle remodelling induced by metabolic syndrome in ZSF1 rats through metabolism regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166709. [PMID: 37030522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by a set of conditions that include obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Exercise training (EX) has been reported to improve MetS management, although the underlying metabolic adaptations that drive its benefits remain poorly understood. This work aims to characterize the molecular changes induced by EX in skeletal muscle in MetS, focusing on gastrocnemius metabolic remodelling. 1H NMR metabolomics and molecular assays were employed to assess the metabolic profile of skeletal muscle tissue from lean male ZSF1 rats (CTL), obese sedentary male ZSF1 rats (MetS-SED), and obese male ZF1 rats submitted to 4 weeks of treadmill EX (5 days/week, 60 min/day, 15 m/min) (MetS-EX). EX did not counteract the significant increase of body weight and circulating lipid profile, but had an anti-inflammatory effect and improved exercise capacity. The decreased gastrocnemius mass observed in MetS was paralleled with glycogen degradation into small glucose oligosaccharides, with the release of glucose-1-phosphate, and an increase in glucose-6-phosphate and glucose levels. Moreover, sedentary MetS animals' muscle exhibited lower AMPK expression levels and higher amino acids' metabolism such as glutamine and glutamate, compared to lean animals. In contrast, the EX group showed changes suggesting an increase in fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, EX mitigated MetS-induced fiber atrophy and fibrosis in the gastrocnemius muscle. EX had a positive effect on gastrocnemius metabolism by enhancing oxidative metabolism and, consequently, reducing susceptibility to fatigue. These findings reinforce the importance of prescribing EX programs to patients with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Nogueira-Ferreira
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Inês Santos
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dulce Fontoura
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Sousa-Mendes
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Lourenço
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Iola F Duarte
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniel Moreira-Gonçalves
- CIAFEL, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal.
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Schön M, Just I, Krumpolec P, Blažíček P, Valkovič L, Aldini G, Tsai CL, De Courten B, Krššák M, Ukropcová B, Ukropec J. Supplementation-induced change in muscle carnosine is paralleled by changes in muscle metabolism, protein glycation and reactive carbonyl species sequestering. Physiol Res 2023; 72:87-97. [PMID: 36545878 PMCID: PMC10069809 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnosine is a performance-enhancing food supplement with a potential to modulate muscle energy metabolism and toxic metabolites disposal. In this study we explored interrelations between carnosine supplementation (2 g/day, 12 weeks) induced effects on carnosine muscle loading and parallel changes in (i) muscle energy metabolism, (ii) serum albumin glycation and (iii) reactive carbonyl species sequestering in twelve (M/F=10/2) sedentary, overweight-to-obese (BMI: 30.0+/-2.7 kg/m2) adults (40.1+/-6.2 years). Muscle carnosine concentration (Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; 1H-MRS), dynamics of muscle energy metabolism (Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; 31P-MRS), body composition (Magnetic Resonance Imaging; MRI), resting energy expenditure (indirect calorimetry), glucose tolerance (oGTT), habitual physical activity (accelerometers), serum carnosine and carnosinase-1 content/activity (ELISA), albumin glycation, urinary carnosine and carnosine-propanal concentration (mass spectrometry) were measured. Supplementation-induced increase in muscle carnosine was paralleled by improved dynamics of muscle post-exercise phosphocreatine recovery, decreased serum albumin glycation and enhanced urinary carnosine-propanal excretion (all p<0.05). Magnitude of supplementation-induced muscle carnosine accumulation was higher in individuals with lower baseline muscle carnosine, who had lower BMI, higher physical activity level, lower resting intramuscular pH, but similar muscle mass and dietary protein preference. Level of supplementation-induced increase in muscle carnosine correlated with reduction of protein glycation, increase in reactive carbonyl species sequestering, and acceleration of muscle post-exercise phosphocreatine recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schön
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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7
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Vega G, Ricaurte G, Estrada-Castrillón M, Reyngoudt H, Cardona OM, Gallo-Villegas JA, Narvaez-Sanchez R, Calderón JC. In vivo absolute quantification of carnosine in the vastus lateralis muscle with 1H MRS using a surface coil and water as internal reference. Skeletal Radiol 2023; 52:157-165. [PMID: 35978163 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-022-04149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To standardize a method for 1H MRS intramuscular absolute quantification of carnosine in the thigh, using a surface coil and water as internal reference. MATERIALS AND METHODS Carnosine spectra were acquired in phantoms (5, 10, and 15 mM) as well as in the right gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and right vastus lateralis (VLM) muscles of young team sports athletes, using volume (VC) and surface (SC) coils on a 3 T scanner, with the same receiver gain. Water spectra were used as internal reference for the absolute quantification of carnosine. RESULTS Phantom's experiments showed a maximum error of 7%, highlighting the validity of the measurements in the study setup. The carnosine concentrations (mmol/kg ww, mean ± SD) measured in the GM were 6.8 ± 2.2 with the VC (CcarVC) and 10.2 ± 3.0 with the SC (CcarSC) (P = 0.013; n = 9). Therefore, a correction was applied to these measurements (CcarVC = 0.6582*CcarSC), to make coils performance comparable (6.8 ± 2.2 for VC and 6.7 ± 2.0 for SC, P = 0.97). After that, only the SC was used to quantify carnosine in the VLM, where a concentration of 5.4 ± 1.5 (n = 30) was found, with significant differences between men (6.2 ± 1.3; n = 15) and women (4.6 ± 1.2; n = 15). The error in quantitation was 5.3-5.5% with both coils. CONCLUSION The method using the SC and water as internal reference can be used to quantify carnosine in voluminous muscles and regions of the body in humans, where the VC is not suitable, such as the VLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Vega
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Germán Ricaurte
- Group of Biophysics, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Estrada-Castrillón
- Pablo Tobón Uribe Hospital, Medellín, Colombia.,Group of Sports Medicine GRINMADE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Harmen Reyngoudt
- NMR Laboratory, Neuromuscular Investigation Center, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | | | - Jaime A Gallo-Villegas
- Group of Sports Medicine GRINMADE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Raul Narvaez-Sanchez
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan C Calderón
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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8
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Yan K, Mei Z, Zhao J, Prodhan MAI, Obal D, Katragadda K, Doelling B, Hoetker D, Posa DK, He L, Yin X, Shah J, Pan J, Rai S, Lorkiewicz PK, Zhang X, Liu S, Bhatnagar A, Baba SP. Integrated Multilayer Omics Reveals the Genomic, Proteomic, and Metabolic Influences of Histidyl Dipeptides on the Heart. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e023868. [PMID: 35730646 PMCID: PMC9333374 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Histidyl dipeptides such as carnosine are present in a micromolar to millimolar range in mammalian hearts. These dipeptides facilitate glycolysis by proton buffering. They form conjugates with reactive aldehydes, such as acrolein, and attenuate myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury. Although these dipeptides exhibit multifunctional properties, a composite understanding of their role in the myocardium is lacking. Methods and Results To identify histidyl dipeptide–mediated responses in the heart, we used an integrated triomics approach, which involved genome‐wide RNA sequencing, global proteomics, and unbiased metabolomics to identify the effects of cardiospecific transgenic overexpression of the carnosine synthesizing enzyme, carnosine synthase (Carns), in mice. Our result showed that higher myocardial levels of histidyl dipeptides were associated with extensive changes in the levels of several microRNAs, which target the expression of contractile proteins, β‐fatty acid oxidation, and citric acid cycle (TCA) enzymes. Global proteomic analysis showed enrichment in the expression of contractile proteins, enzymes of β‐fatty acid oxidation, and the TCA in the Carns transgenic heart. Under aerobic conditions, the Carns transgenic hearts had lower levels of short‐ and long‐chain fatty acids as well as the TCA intermediate—succinic acid; whereas, under ischemic conditions, the accumulation of fatty acids and TCA intermediates was significantly attenuated. Integration of multiple data sets suggested that β‐fatty acid oxidation and TCA pathways exhibit correlative changes in the Carns transgenic hearts at all 3 levels. Conclusions Taken together, these findings reveal a central role of histidyl dipeptides in coordinated regulation of myocardial structure, function, and energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Yan
- Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beishan Industrial Zone Shenzhen China
| | - Zhanlong Mei
- Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beishan Industrial Zone Shenzhen China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Diabetes and Obesity Center University of Louisville KY.,Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute University of Louisville KY USA
| | | | - Detlef Obal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative and Pain Medicine Stanford University Palo Alto CA
| | - Kartik Katragadda
- Diabetes and Obesity Center University of Louisville KY.,Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute University of Louisville KY USA
| | - Benjamin Doelling
- Diabetes and Obesity Center University of Louisville KY.,Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute University of Louisville KY USA
| | - David Hoetker
- Diabetes and Obesity Center University of Louisville KY.,Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute University of Louisville KY USA
| | - Dheeraj Kumar Posa
- Diabetes and Obesity Center University of Louisville KY.,Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute University of Louisville KY USA
| | - Liqing He
- Department of Chemistry University of Louisville KY
| | - Xinmin Yin
- Department of Chemistry University of Louisville KY
| | - Jasmit Shah
- Department of Medicine, Medical college The Aga Khan University Nairobi Kenya
| | - Jianmin Pan
- Biostatistics Shared Facility University of Louisville Health, Brown Cancer Center Louisville KY
| | - Shesh Rai
- Biostatistics Shared Facility University of Louisville Health, Brown Cancer Center Louisville KY
| | - Pawel Konrad Lorkiewicz
- Diabetes and Obesity Center University of Louisville KY.,Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute University of Louisville KY USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University of Louisville KY
| | - Siqi Liu
- Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beishan Industrial Zone Shenzhen China
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Diabetes and Obesity Center University of Louisville KY.,Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute University of Louisville KY USA
| | - Shahid P Baba
- Diabetes and Obesity Center University of Louisville KY.,Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute University of Louisville KY USA
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9
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Brugnara L, García AI, Murillo S, Ribalta J, Fernandez G, Marquez S, Rodriguez MA, Vinaixa M, Amigó N, Correig X, Kalko S, Pomes J, Novials A. Muscular carnosine is a marker for cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors in men with type 1 diabetes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1429-1440. [PMID: 35298695 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Muscle is an essential organ for glucose metabolism and can be influenced by metabolic disorders and physical activity. Elevated muscle carnosine levels have been associated with insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk factors. Little is known about muscle carnosine in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and how it is influenced by physical activity. The aim of this study was to characterize muscle carnosine in vivo by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) and evaluate the relationship with physical activity, clinical characteristics and lipoprotein subfractions. METHODS 16 men with T1D (10 athletes/6 sedentary) and 14 controls without diabetes (9/5) were included. Body composition by DXA, cardiorespiratory capacity (VO2peak) and serum lipoprotein profile by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) were obtained. Muscle carnosine scaled to water (carnosineW) and to creatine (carnosineCR), creatine and intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) were quantified in vivo using 1H MRS in a 3T MR scanner in soleus muscle. RESULTS Subjects with T1D presented higher carnosine CR levels compared to controls. T1D patients with a lower VO2peak presented higher carnosineCR levels compared to sedentary controls, but both T1D and control groups presented similar levels of carnosineCR at high VO2peak levels. CarnosineW followed the same trend. Integrated correlation networks in T1D demonstrated that carnosineW and carnosineCR were associated with cardiometabolic risk factors including total and abdominal fat, pro-atherogenic lipoproteins (very low-density lipoprotein subfractions), low VO2peak, and IMCL. CONCLUSIONS Elevated muscle carnosine levels in persons with T1D and their effect on atherogenic lipoproteins can be modulated by physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Brugnara
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Carrer del Rosselló, 149, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel García
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Carrer del Rosselló, 149, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Radiology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Serafín Murillo
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Carrer del Rosselló, 149, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Ribalta
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili/Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, IISRV, Reus, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guerau Fernandez
- Bioinformatics Unit, Genetics and Molecular Medicine Service, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Susanna Marquez
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Maria Vinaixa
- Metabolomics Platform, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISRV, Reus, Spain
| | - Núria Amigó
- Metabolomics Platform, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISRV, Reus, Spain.,Biosfer Teslab, Reus, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Correig
- Metabolomics Platform, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISRV, Reus, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Kalko
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Carrer del Rosselló, 149, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Bioinformatics Core Facility (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Pomes
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Novials
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Carrer del Rosselló, 149, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Wang-Eckhardt L, Becker I, Wang Y, Yuan J, Eckhardt M. Absence of endogenous carnosine synthesis does not increase protein carbonylation and advanced lipoxidation end products in brain, kidney or muscle. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1013-1023. [PMID: 35294673 PMCID: PMC9217836 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Carnosine and other histidine-containing dipeptides are expected to be important anti-oxidants in vertebrates based on various in vitro and in vivo studies with exogenously administered carnosine or its precursor β-alanine. To examine a possible anti-oxidant role of endogenous carnosine, mice lacking carnosine synthase (Carns1−/−) had been generated and were examined further in the present study. Protein carbonylation increased significantly between old (18 months) and aged (24 months) mice in brain and kidney but this was independent of the Carns1 genotype. Lipoxidation end products were not increased in 18-month-old Carns1−/− mice compared to controls. We also found no evidence for compensatory increase of anti-oxidant enzymes in Carns1−/− mice. To explore the effect of carnosine deficiency in a mouse model known to suffer from increased oxidative stress, Carns1 also was deleted in the type II diabetes model Leprdb/db mouse. In line with previous studies, malondialdehyde adducts were elevated in Leprdb/db mouse kidney, but there was no further increase by additional deficiency in Carns1. Furthermore, Leprdb/db mice lacking Carns1 were indistinguishable from conventional Leprdb/db mice with respect to fasting blood glucose and insulin levels. Taken together, Carns1 deficiency appears not to reinforce oxidative stress in old mice and there was no evidence for a compensatory upregulation of anti-oxidant enzymes. We conclude that the significance of the anti-oxidant activity of endogenously synthesized HCDs is limited in mice, suggesting that other functions of HCDs play a more important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang-Eckhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ivonne Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Shandong Xinchuang Biotechnology Co., LTD, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Matthias Eckhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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11
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Behl T, Gupta A, Chigurupati S, Singh S, Sehgal A, Badavath VN, Alhowail A, Mani V, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Bungau S. Natural and Synthetic Agents Targeting Reactive Carbonyl Species against Metabolic Syndrome. Molecules 2022; 27:1583. [PMID: 35268685 PMCID: PMC8911959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) may originate from the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and sugar in conditions of pathology. They are known to have high reactivity towards DNA as well as nucleophilic sites of proteins, resulting in cellular dysfunction. It has been considered that various pathological conditions are associated with an increased level of RCS and their reaction products. Thus, regulating the levels of RCS may be associated with the mitigation of various metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. In order to perform a comprehensive review, various literature databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, along with Google Scholar, were utilized to obtain relevant articles. The voluminous review concluded that various synthetic and natural agents are available or in pipeline research that hold tremendous potential to be used as a drug of choice in the therapeutic management of metabolic syndrome, including obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and diabetes-associated complications of atherosclerosis, neuropathy, and nephropathy. From the available data, it may be emphasized that various synthetic agents, such as carnosine and simvastatin, and natural agents, such as polyphenols and terpenoids, can become a drug of choice in the therapeutic management for combating metabolic syndromes that involve RCS in their pathophysiology. Since the RCS are known to regulate the biological processes, future research warrants detailed investigations to decipher the precise mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.G.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (V.N.B.)
| | - Amit Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.G.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (V.N.B.)
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.G.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (V.N.B.)
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.G.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (V.N.B.)
| | - Vishnu Nayak Badavath
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.G.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (V.N.B.)
| | - Ahmad Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Vasudevan Mani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman; (S.B.); (A.A.-H.)
- School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman; (S.B.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
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12
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De Brandt J, Burtin C, Pomiès P, Vandenabeele F, Verboven K, Aumann J, Blancquaert L, Everaert I, Van Ryckeghem L, Cops J, Hayot M, Spruit MA, Derave W. Carnosine, oxidative and carbonyl stress, antioxidants and muscle fiber characteristics of quadriceps muscle of patients with COPD. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:1230-1240. [PMID: 34323590 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00200.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative/carbonyl stress is elevated in lower-limb muscles of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Carnosine is a skeletal muscle antioxidant particularly present in fast-twitch fibers. AIMS To compare muscle carnosine, oxidative/carbonyl stress, antioxidants and fiber characteristics between patients with COPD and healthy controls (HCs), and between patients after stratification for airflow limitation (mild/moderate vs. severe/very-severe). To investigate correlates of carnosine in patients with COPD. METHODS A vastus lateralis muscle biopsy was obtained from 40 patients with stable COPD and 20 age/sex matched HCs. Carnosine, oxidative/carbonyl stress, antioxidants, fiber characteristics, quadriceps strength and endurance (QE), VO2peak (incremental cycle test) and physical activity (PA) were determined. RESULTS Patients with COPD had a similar carnosine concentration (4.16 mmol/kg wet weight (WW) (SD 1.93)) to HCs (4.64 mmol/kgWW (SD 1.71)) and significantly higher percentage of fast-twitch fibers and lower QE, VO2peak and PA vs. HCs. Patients with severe/very-severe COPD had a 30% lower carnosine concentration (3.24 mmol/kgWW (SD 1.79); n=15) vs. patients with mild/moderate COPD (4.71 mmol/kgWW (SD 1.83); n=25; P=0.02) and significantly lower VO2peak and PA vs. patients with mild/moderate COPD. Carnosine correlated significantly with QE (rs=0.427), VO2peak (rs=0.334), PA (rs=0.379) and lung function parameters in patients with COPD. CONCLUSION Despite having the highest proportion of fast-twitch fibers, patients with severe/very-severe COPD displayed a 30% lower muscle carnosine concentration compared to patients with mild/moderate COPD. As no oxidative/carbonyl stress markers, nor antioxidants were affected, the observed carnosine deficiency is thought to be a possible first sign of muscle redox balance abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana De Brandt
- Hasselt University, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Center, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Hasselt University, BIOMED - Biomedical Research Institute, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Chris Burtin
- Hasselt University, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Center, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Hasselt University, BIOMED - Biomedical Research Institute, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Pascal Pomiès
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier - INSERM - CNRS - CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Frank Vandenabeele
- Hasselt University, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Center, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Verboven
- Hasselt University, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Center, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Hasselt University, BIOMED - Biomedical Research Institute, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Joseph Aumann
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Laura Blancquaert
- Ghent University, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inge Everaert
- Ghent University, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lisa Van Ryckeghem
- Hasselt University, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Center, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Hasselt University, BIOMED - Biomedical Research Institute, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jirka Cops
- Hasselt University, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Center, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Hasselt University, BIOMED - Biomedical Research Institute, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Maurice Hayot
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier - INSERM - CNRS - CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Martijn A Spruit
- CIRO, Department of Research and Development, Horn, The Netherlands.,Maastricht University Medical Centre, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Derave
- Ghent University, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
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13
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Lievens E, Van Vossel K, Van de Casteele F, Krššák M, Murdoch JB, Befroy DE, Derave W. CORP: quantification of human skeletal muscle carnosine concentration by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:250-264. [PMID: 33982593 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00056.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive techniques to quantify metabolites in skeletal muscle provide unique insight into human physiology and enable the translation of research into practice. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) permits the assessment of several abundant muscle metabolites in vivo, including carnosine, a dipeptide composed of the amino acids histidine and beta-alanine. Muscle carnosine loading, accomplished by chronic oral beta-alanine supplementation, improves muscle function and exercise capacity and has pathophysiological relevance in multiple diseases. Moreover, the marked difference in carnosine content between fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibers has rendered carnosine an attractive candidate to estimate human muscle fiber type composition. However, the quantification of carnosine with 1H-MRS requires technical expertise to obtain accurate and reproducible data. In this review, we describe the technical and physiological factors that impact the detection, analysis, and quantification of carnosine in muscle with 1H-MRS. We discuss potential sources of error during the acquisition and preprocessing of the 1H-MRS spectra and present best practices to enable the accurate, reliable, and reproducible application of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lievens
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - K Van Vossel
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - F Van de Casteele
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Krššák
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III and High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - W Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Posa DK, Baba SP. Intracellular pH Regulation of Skeletal Muscle in the Milieu of Insulin Signaling. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102910. [PMID: 32977552 PMCID: PMC7598285 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), along with obesity, is one of the leading health problems in the world which causes other systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and kidney failure. Impairments in glycemic control and insulin resistance plays a pivotal role in the development of diabetes and its complications. Since skeletal muscle constitutes a significant tissue mass of the body, insulin resistance within the muscle is considered to initiate the onset of diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance is associated with impaired glucose uptake, resulting from defective post-receptor insulin responses, decreased glucose transport, impaired glucose phosphorylation, oxidation and glycogen synthesis in the muscle. Although defects in the insulin signaling pathway have been widely studied, the effects of cellular mechanisms activated during metabolic syndrome that cross-talk with insulin responses are not fully elucidated. Numerous reports suggest that pathways such as inflammation, lipid peroxidation products, acidosis and autophagy could cross-talk with insulin-signaling pathway and contribute to diminished insulin responses. Here, we review and discuss the literature about the defects in glycolytic pathway, shift in glucose utilization toward anaerobic glycolysis and change in intracellular pH [pH]i within the skeletal muscle and their contribution towards insulin resistance. We will discuss whether the derangements in pathways, which maintain [pH]i within the skeletal muscle, such as transporters (monocarboxylate transporters 1 and 4) and depletion of intracellular buffers, such as histidyl dipeptides, could lead to decrease in [pH]i and the onset of insulin resistance. Further we will discuss, whether the changes in [pH]i within the skeletal muscle of patients with T2D, could enhance the formation of protein aggregates and activate autophagy. Understanding the mechanisms by which changes in the glycolytic pathway and [pH]i within the muscle, contribute to insulin resistance might help explain the onset of obesity-linked metabolic syndrome. Finally, we will conclude whether correcting the pathways which maintain [pH]i within the skeletal muscle could, in turn, be effective to maintain or restore insulin responses during metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj Kumar Posa
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Shahid P Baba
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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15
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Kilis-Pstrusinska K. Carnosine and Kidney Diseases: What We Currently Know? Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1764-1781. [PMID: 31362685 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190730130024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is an endogenously synthesised dipeptide which is present in different human tissues e.g. in the kidney. Carnosine is degraded by enzyme serum carnosinase, encoding by CNDP1 gene. Carnosine is engaged in different metabolic pathways in the kidney. It reduces the level of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines, inhibits advanced glycation end products' formation, moreover, it also decreases the mesangial cell proliferation. Carnosine may also serve as a scavenger of peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals and a natural angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. This review summarizes the results of experimental and human studies concerning the role of carnosine in kidney diseases, particularly in chronic kidney disease, ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute renal failure, diabetic nephropathy and also drug-induced nephrotoxicity. The interplay between serum carnosine concentration and serum carnosinase activity and polymorphism in the CNDP1 gene is discussed. Carnosine has renoprotective properties. It has a promising potential for the treatment and prevention of different kidney diseases, particularly chronic kidney disease which is a global public health issue. Further studies of the role of carnosine in the kidney may offer innovative and effective strategies for the management of kidney diseases.
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16
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Ghaffari MH, Sadri H, Schuh K, Dusel G, Frieten D, Koch C, Prehn C, Adamski J, Sauerwein H. Biogenic amines: Concentrations in serum and skeletal muscle from late pregnancy until early lactation in dairy cows with high versus normal body condition score. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:6571-6586. [PMID: 31056318 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biogenic amines (BA) are a class of nitrogenous compounds that are involved in a wide variety of physiological processes, but their role in transition cows is poorly understood. Our objectives were to describe the longitudinal changes of BA in serum and in skeletal muscle during the transition period and to characterize temporal responses of BA in relation to body condition score (BCS) of periparturient dairy cows. Fifteen weeks before calving, 36 multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to 2 groups (n = 18 per group) that were fed differently to reach either high [HBCS; net energy for lactation (NEL) = 7.2 MJ/kg of dry matter (DM)] or normal BCS (NBCS; NEL = 6.8 MJ/kg of DM) at dry-off. The targeted BCS and back fat thickness (BFT) at dry-off (HBCS, >3.75 and >1.4 cm; NBCS, <3.5 and <1.2 cm) were reached. Thereafter, both groups were fed identical diets. Blood samples and muscle (semitendinosus) biopsies were collected at d -49, +3, +21, and +84 relative to parturition. In serum and skeletal muscle, BA concentrations were measured using a targeted metabolomics assay. The data were analyzed as a repeated measure using the MIXED procedure of SAS. The serum concentrations of most BA (i.e., creatinine, taurine, carnosine putrescine, spermine, α-aminoadipic acid, acetylornithine, kynurenine, serotonin, hydroxyproline, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and symmetric dimethylarginine) fluctuated during the transition period, while others (i.e., spermidine, phenylethylamine) did not change with time. The muscle concentrations of BA remained unchanged over time. Creatinine had the highest concentrations in the serum, while carnosine had the highest concentration among the muscle BA. The serum concentrations of creatinine (d +21), putrescine (d +84), α-aminoadipic acid (d +3), and hydroxyproline (d +21) were or tended to be higher for HBCS compared with NBCS postpartum. The serum concentrations of symmetric dimethylarginine (d -49) and acetylornithine (d +84) were or tended to be lower for HBCS compared with NBCS, respectively. The serum kynurenine/tryptophan ratio was greater with HBCS than with NBCS (d +84). Compared with NBCS, HBCS was associated with lower muscle concentrations of carnosine, but those of hydroxyproline were higher (d -49). In both serum and muscle, the asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations were greater with HBCS than with NBCS (d -49). No correlation was found between serum and skeletal muscle BA. This study indicates that overconditioning of dairy cows may influence serum and muscle BA concentrations in the periparturient period.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Ghaffari
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - H Sadri
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 516616471 Tabriz, Iran.
| | - K Schuh
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, Animal Nutrition and Hygiene Unit, University of Applied Sciences Bingen, 55411 Bingen am Rhein, Germany
| | - G Dusel
- Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, Animal Nutrition and Hygiene Unit, University of Applied Sciences Bingen, 55411 Bingen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Dörte Frieten
- Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, Animal Nutrition and Hygiene Unit, University of Applied Sciences Bingen, 55411 Bingen am Rhein, Germany
| | - C Koch
- Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Hofgut Neumuehle, 67728 Muenchweiler an der Alsenz, Germany
| | - C Prehn
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - H Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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17
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Mori A, Hikihara R, Ishimaru M, Hatate H, Tanaka R. Evaluation of histidine-containing dipeptides in twelve marine organisms and four land animal meats by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1526803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Mori
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Risako Hikihara
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Mami Ishimaru
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hideo Hatate
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Tanaka
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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18
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Karkabounas S, Papadopoulos N, Anastasiadou C, Gubili C, Peschos D, Daskalou T, Fikioris N, Simos YV, Kontargiris E, Gianakopoulos X, Ragos V, Chatzidimitriou M. Effects of α-Lipoic Acid, Carnosine, and Thiamine Supplementation in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study. J Med Food 2018; 21:1197-1203. [PMID: 30311825 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is evolving to an epidemic of the modern world. T2DM is associated with a number of pathological complications, including cardiovascular disease that is mostly promoted by the increased oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients. We performed a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of an individualized oral supplementation with α-lipoic acid (ALA), carnosine, and thiamine. For that purpose, 82 obese type 2 diabetic patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups, and were either supplemented daily with 7 mg ALA/kg body weight, 6 mg carnosine/kg body weight, and 1 mg thiamine/kg body weight or placebo for 8 weeks. An array of biochemical tests including the estimation of oxidative stress and platelet aggregation were performed at baseline and at follow-up. Moreover, the antiplatelet activity of each of the supplement's components was determined ex vivo at human and washed rabbit platelets. Glucose and HbA1c levels were significantly reduced after supplementation (135.7 ± 19.5 mg/dL vs. 126.5 ± 16.8 mg/dL and 8.3% ± 0.3% vs. 6.03% ± 0.58%, respectively, P < .05); however, insulin was significantly increased (3.6 ± 0.7 μIU/mL vs. 6.8 ± 0.2 μIU/mL, P < .05). The patients treated with the supplement recorded higher follow-up values for HOMA-IR and HOMA-β, and a significant drop in serum hydroperoxide level. Only ALA inhibited platelets aggregation ex vivo through ADP, platelet activating factor, arachidonic acid, epinephrine, collagen, and thrombin pathways. Daily supplementation with an individualized ALA, carnosine, and thiamine supplement effectively reduced glucose concentration in type 2 diabetic patients, probably by increasing insulin production from the pancreas. In addition to that, the reduction of oxidative stress and inhibition of platelet aggregation could potentially provide greater cardiovascular protection. Further studies are needed to fine-tune the supplementation dose-response effects in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Karkabounas
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences; Medical Department; University of Ioannina , Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papadopoulos
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences; Medical Department; University of Ioannina , Ioannina, Greece
| | - Chryssa Anastasiadou
- 2 Hellenic Agricultural Organization, Fisheries Research Institute , Kavala, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Gubili
- 2 Hellenic Agricultural Organization, Fisheries Research Institute , Kavala, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Peschos
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences; Medical Department; University of Ioannina , Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos Fikioris
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences; Medical Department; University of Ioannina , Ioannina, Greece
| | - Yannis V Simos
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences; Medical Department; University of Ioannina , Ioannina, Greece
| | - Evangelos Kontargiris
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences; Medical Department; University of Ioannina , Ioannina, Greece .,4 Department of Nursing, Epirus Institute of Technology (T.E.I. of Epirus) , Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Vasilios Ragos
- 6 Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Department; University of Ioannina , Ioannina, Greece
| | - Maria Chatzidimitriou
- 7 Medical Laboratories, Alexander Technological Institute of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki, Greece
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Elbarbary NS, Ismail EAR, El-Naggar AR, Hamouda MH, El-Hamamsy M. The effect of 12 weeks carnosine supplementation on renal functional integrity and oxidative stress in pediatric patients with diabetic nephropathy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:470-477. [PMID: 28744992 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress is a significant contributor to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Carnosine is a natural radical oxygen species scavenger. We investigated the effect of carnosine as an adjuvant therapy on urinary albumin excretion (UAE), the tubular damage marker alpha 1-microglobulin (A1M), and oxidative stress in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes and nephropathy. METHODS This randomized placebo-controlled trial included 90 patients with diabetic nephropathy, despite oral angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is), who were randomly assigned to receive either 12 weeks of carnosine 1 g/day (n = 45), or matching placebo (n = 45). Both groups were followed-up with assessment of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), UAE, A1M, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdhyde (MDA). RESULTS Baseline clinical and laboratory parameters were consistent between carnosine and placebo groups (P > .05). After 12 weeks, carnosine treatment resulted in significant decrease of HbA1c (8.2 ± 2.1% vs 7.4 ± 1.3%), UAE (91.7 vs 38.5 mg/g creatinine), A1M (16.5 ± 6.8 mg/L vs 9.3 ± 6.6 mg/L), MDA levels (25.5 ± 8.1 vs 18.2 ± 7.7 nmol/mL) while TAC levels were increased compared with baseline levels (P < .001) and compared with placebo (P < .001). No adverse reactions due to carnosine supplementation were reported. Baseline TAC was inversely correlated to HbA1c (r = -0.58, P = .04) and A1M (r = -0.682, P = .015) among carnosine group. CONCLUSIONS Oral supplementation with L-Carnosine for 12 weeks resulted in a significant improvement of oxidative stress, glycemic control and renal function. Thus, carnosine could be a safe and effective strategy for treatment of pediatric patients with diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abdel Rahman El-Naggar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern technology and Information University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahitab Hany Hamouda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern technology and Information University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal El-Hamamsy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Menon K, Mousa A, de Courten B. Effects of supplementation with carnosine and other histidine-containing dipeptides on chronic disease risk factors and outcomes: protocol for a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020623. [PMID: 29567852 PMCID: PMC5875615 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ageing of populations globally, coupled with the obesity epidemic, has resulted in the rising prevalence of chronic diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. Prevention of risk factors that contribute to these diseases is key in managing the global burden of chronic diseases. Recent studies suggest that carnosine, a dipeptide with anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and antiglycating properties may have a role in the prevention of chronic diseases; however, no previous reviews have examined the effects of carnosine and other histidine-containing peptides (HCDs) on chronic disease risk factors and outcomes. We aim to conduct a comprehensive systematic review to examine the effects of supplementation with carnosine and other HCDs on chronic disease risk factors and outcomes and to identify relevant knowledge gaps. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Electronic databases including Medline, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, Embase and all Evidence-Based Medicine will be systematically searched to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews of RCTs, comparing supplementation with carnosine and/or other HCDs versus placebo, usual care or other pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions. One reviewer will screen titles and abstracts for eligibility according to prespecified inclusion criteria, after which two independent reviewers will perform data extraction and quality appraisal. Meta-analyses, metaregression and subgroup analyses will be conducted where appropriate. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval is not required as this review does not involve primary data collection. This review will generate level-one evidence regarding the effects of carnosine supplementation on chronic disease risk factors and outcomes and will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and at conference meetings to inform future research on the efficacy of carnosine supplementation for the prevention of chronic diseases. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42017075354.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirthi Menon
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Giannini Artioli
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Craig Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rebecca Louise Jones
- School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
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22
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Savolainen O, Lind MV, Bergström G, Fagerberg B, Sandberg AS, Ross A. Biomarkers of food intake and nutrient status are associated with glucose tolerance status and development of type 2 diabetes in older Swedish women. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:1302-1310. [PMID: 28903960 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.152850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diet is frequently associated with both the development and prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but there is a lack of objective tools for assessing the relation between diet and T2D. Biomarkers of dietary intake are unconfounded by recall and reporting bias, and using multiple dietary biomarkers could help strengthen the link between a healthy diet and the prevention of T2D.Objective: The objective of this study was to explore how diet is related to glucose tolerance status (GTS) and to future development of T2D irrespective of common T2D and cardiovascular disease risk factors by using multiple dietary biomarkers.Design: Dietary biomarkers were measured in plasma from 64-y-old Swedish women with different GTS [normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 190), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; n = 209), and diabetes (n = 230)]. The same subjects were followed up after 5 y to determine changes in glucose tolerance (n = 167 for NGT, n = 174 for IGT, and n = 159 for diabetes). ANCOVA and logistic regression were used to explore baseline data for associations between dietary biomarkers, GTS, and new T2D cases at follow-up (n = 69).Results: Of the 10 dietary biomarkers analyzed, β-alanine (beef) (P-raw < 0.001), alkylresorcinols C17 and C19 (whole-grain wheat and rye) (P-raw = 0.003 and 0.011), eicosapentaenoic acid (fish) (P-raw = 0.041), 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (CMPF) (fish) (P-raw = 0.002), linoleic acid (P-raw < 0.001), oleic acid (P-raw = 0.003), and α-tocopherol (margarine and vegetable oil) (P-raw < 0.001) were associated with GTS, and CMPF (fish) (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.93; P-raw = 0.013) and α-tocopherol (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.98; P-raw = 0.041) were inversely associated with future T2D development.Conclusions: Several circulating dietary biomarkers were strongly associated with GTS after correction for known T2D risk factors, underlining the role of diet in the development and prevention of T2D. To our knowledge, this study is the first to use multiple dietary biomarkers to investigate the link between diet and disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Savolainen
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mads Vendelbo Lind
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; and
| | - Göran Bergström
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Fagerberg
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Sandberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alastair Ross
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden;
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23
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Carnosine scavenging of glucolipotoxic free radicals enhances insulin secretion and glucose uptake. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13313. [PMID: 29042678 PMCID: PMC5645413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13649-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of diabetes has risen to 8.5% among adults, which represents a staggering rise in prevalence from 4.7% in 1980. Whilst some treatments work by increasing insulin secretion, over time their effectiveness decreases. We aim to increase insulin secretion by developing strategies that work through mechanisms independent of current treatment options. Isolated CD1 mouse islets, INS-1 pancreatic β-cells, or C2C12 mouse myotubes were incubated in standard tissue culture media, or media supplemented with 28 mM glucose, 200 μM palmitic acid, and 200 μM oleic acid as a cellular model of diabetic glucolipotoxicity. Intracellular reactive species content was assayed using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate dye, inducible nitric oxide synthase levels determined by Western blot, 3-nitrotyrosine and 4-hydrpxnonenal both assayed by ELISA, insulin secretion quantified using ELISA or radioimmunoassay, and glucose uptake determined through 2-deoxy glucose 6 phosphate luminescence. Our data indicate that carnosine, a histidine containing dipeptide available through the diet, is an effective scavenger of each of the aforementioned reactive species. This results in doubling of insulin secretion from isolated mouse islets or INS-1 β-cells. Crucially, carnosine also reverses glucolipotoxic inhibition of insulin secretion and enhances glucose uptake into skeletal muscle cells. Thus, carnosine, or non-hydrolysable carnosine analogs, may represent a new class of therapeutic agent to fight type 2 diabetes.
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Davies SS, Zhang LS. Reactive Carbonyl Species Scavengers-Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Chronic Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:51-67. [PMID: 28993795 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-017-0081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW To summarize recent evidence supporting the use of reactive carbonyl species scavengers in the prevention and treatment of disease. RECENT FINDINGS The newly developed 2-aminomethylphenol class of scavengers shows great promise in preclinical trials for a number of diverse conditions including neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular disease. In addition, new studies with the thiol-based and imidazole-based scavengers have found new applications outside of adjunctive therapy for chemotherapeutics. SUMMARY Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by cells and tissues act as signaling molecules and as cytotoxic agents to defend against pathogens, but ROS also cause collateral damage to vital cellular components. The polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains of phospholipids in the cell membranes are particularly vulnerable to damaging peroxidation by ROS. Evidence suggests that the breakdown of these peroxidized lipids to reactive carbonyls species plays a critical role in many chronic diseases. Antioxidants that abrogate ROS-induced formation of reactive carbonyl species also abrogate normal ROS signaling and thus exert both beneficial and adverse functional effects. The use of scavengers of reactive dicarbonyl species represent an alternative therapeutic strategy to potentially mitigate the adverse effects of ROS without abrogating normal signaling by ROS. In this review, we focus on three classes of reactive carbonyl species scavengers: thiol-based scavengers (2-mercaptoethanesulfonate and amifostine), imidazole-based scavengers (carnosine and its analogs), and 2-aminomethylphenols-based scavengers (pyridoxamine, 2-hydroxybenzylamine, and 5'-O-pentyl-pyridoxamine) that are either undergoing pre-clinical studies, advancing to clinical trials, or are already in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean S Davies
- Department of Pharmacology and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 556 Robinson Research Building, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232-6602
| | - Linda S Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 556 Robinson Research Building, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232-6602
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25
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de Oliveira FA, Shahin MH, Gong Y, McDonough CW, Beitelshees AL, Gums JG, Chapman AB, Boerwinkle E, Turner ST, Frye RF, Fiehn O, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Johnson JA, Cooper-DeHoff RM. Novel plasma biomarker of atenolol-induced hyperglycemia identified through a metabolomics-genomics integrative approach. Metabolomics 2016; 12:129. [PMID: 28217400 PMCID: PMC5310671 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-1076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While atenolol is an effective antihypertensive agent, its use is also associated with adverse events including hyperglycemia and incident diabetes that may offset the benefits of blood pressure lowering. By combining metabolomic and genomic data acquired from hypertensive individuals treated with atenolol, it may be possible to better understand the pathways that most impact the development of an adverse glycemic state. OBJECTIVE To identify biomarkers that can help predict susceptibility to blood glucose excursions during exposure to atenolol. METHODS Plasma samples acquired from 234 Caucasian participants treated with atenolol in the Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses trial were analyzed by gas chromatography Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectroscopy. Metabolomics and genomics data were integrated by first correlating participant's metabolomic profiles to change in glucose after treatment with atenolol, and then incorporating genotype information from genes involved in metabolite pathways associated with glucose response. RESULTS Our findings indicate that the baseline level of β-alanine was associated with glucose change after treatment with atenolol (Q = 0.007, β = 2.97 mg/dL). Analysis of genomic data revealed that carriers of the G allele for SNP rs2669429 in gene DPYS, which codes for dihydropyrimidinase, an enzyme involved in β-alanine formation, had significantly higher glucose levels after treatment with atenolol when compared with non-carriers (Q = 0.05, β = 2.76 mg/dL). This finding was replicated in participants who received atenolol as an add-on therapy (P = 0.04, β = 1.86 mg/dL). CONCLUSION These results suggest that β-alanine and rs2669429 may be predictors of atenolol-induced hyperglycemia in Caucasian individuals and further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, PO Box 100486, Gainesville, FL 32610-0486, USA
| | - Mohamed H Shahin
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, PO Box 100486, Gainesville, FL 32610-0486, USA
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, PO Box 100486, Gainesville, FL 32610-0486, USA
| | - Caitrin W McDonough
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, PO Box 100486, Gainesville, FL 32610-0486, USA
| | | | - John G Gums
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, PO Box 100486, Gainesville, FL 32610-0486, USA; Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center and Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Reginald F Frye
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, PO Box 100486, Gainesville, FL 32610-0486, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- Genome Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Biochemistry Department, King Abdullah University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Julie A Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, PO Box 100486, Gainesville, FL 32610-0486, USA
| | - Rhonda M Cooper-DeHoff
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, PO Box 100486, Gainesville, FL 32610-0486, USA
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Stegen S, Stegen B, Aldini G, Altomare A, Cannizzaro L, Orioli M, Gerlo S, Deldicque L, Ramaekers M, Hespel P, Derave W. Plasma carnosine, but not muscle carnosine, attenuates high-fat diet-induced metabolic stress. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 40:868-76. [PMID: 26307517 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is growing in vivo evidence that the dipeptide carnosine has protective effects in metabolic diseases. A critical unanswered question is whether its site of action is tissues or plasma. This was investigated using oral carnosine versus β-alanine supplementation in a high-fat diet rat model. Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats received a control diet (CON), a high-fat diet (HF; 60% of energy from fat), the HF diet with 1.8% carnosine (HFcar), or the HF diet with 1% β-alanine (HFba), as β-alanine can increase muscle carnosine without increasing plasma carnosine. Insulin sensitivity, inflammatory signaling, and lipoxidative stress were determined in skeletal muscle and blood. In a pilot study, urine was collected. The 3 HF groups were significantly heavier than the CON group. Muscle carnosine concentrations increased equally in the HFcar and HFba groups, while elevated plasma carnosine levels and carnosine-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal adducts were detected only in the HFcar group. Elevated plasma and urine N(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine in HF rats was reduced by ∼50% in the HFcar group but not in the HFba group. Likewise, inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA was decreased by 47% (p < 0.05) in the HFcar group, but not in the HFba group, compared with HF rats. We conclude that plasma carnosine, but not muscle carnosine, is involved in preventing early-stage lipoxidation in the circulation and inflammatory signaling in the muscle of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Stegen
- a Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram Stegen
- a Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Altomare
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Cannizzaro
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marica Orioli
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sarah Gerlo
- c VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Louise Deldicque
- d Department of Kinesiology, Research Group in Exercise Physiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Box 1500, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Monique Ramaekers
- d Department of Kinesiology, Research Group in Exercise Physiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Box 1500, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Hespel
- d Department of Kinesiology, Research Group in Exercise Physiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Box 1500, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Derave
- a Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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de Courten B, Jakubova M, de Courten MP, Kukurova IJ, Vallova S, Krumpolec P, Valkovic L, Kurdiova T, Garzon D, Barbaresi S, Teede HJ, Derave W, Krssak M, Aldini G, Ukropec J, Ukropcova B. Effects of carnosine supplementation on glucose metabolism: Pilot clinical trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1027-34. [PMID: 27040154 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carnosine is a naturally present dipeptide in humans and an over-the counter food additive. Evidence from animal studies supports the role for carnosine in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, yet there is limited human data. This study investigated whether carnosine supplementation in individuals with overweight or obesity improves diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS In a double-blind randomized pilot trial in nondiabetic individuals with overweight and obesity (age 43 ± 8 years; body mass index 31 ± 4 kg/m(2) ), 15 individuals were randomly assigned to 2 g carnosine daily and 15 individuals to placebo for 12 weeks. Insulin sensitivity and secretion, glucose tolerance (oral glucose tolerance test), blood pressure, plasma lipid profile, skeletal muscle ((1) H-MRS), and urinary carnosine levels were measured. RESULTS Carnosine concentrations increased in urine after supplementation (P < 0.05). An increase in fasting insulin and insulin resistance was hampered in individuals receiving carnosine compared to placebo, and this remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, and change in body weight (P = 0.02, P = 0.04, respectively). Two-hour glucose and insulin were both lower after carnosine supplementation compared to placebo in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These pilot intervention data suggest that carnosine supplementation may be an effective strategy for prevention of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health, Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michaela Jakubova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maximilian Pj de Courten
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ivica Just Kukurova
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Vallova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Patrik Krumpolec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Valkovic
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Timea Kurdiova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Davide Garzon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitàdegli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Barbaresi
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Helena J Teede
- Monash Centre for Health, Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martin Krssak
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitàdegli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Ukropcova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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28
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Baye E, Ukropcova B, Ukropec J, Hipkiss A, Aldini G, de Courten B. Physiological and therapeutic effects of carnosine on cardiometabolic risk and disease. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1131-49. [PMID: 26984320 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are the most common preventable causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. They represent major public health threat to our society. Increasing prevalence of obesity and T2DM contributes to escalating morbidity and mortality from CVD and stroke. Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a dipeptide with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-ischaemic and chelating roles and is available as an over-the-counter food supplement. Animal evidence suggests that carnosine may offer many promising therapeutic benefits for multiple chronic diseases due to these properties. Carnosine, traditionally used in exercise physiology to increase exercise performance, has potential preventative and therapeutic benefits in obesity, insulin resistance, T2DM and diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications (CVD and stroke) as well as number of neurological and mental health conditions. However, relatively little evidence is available in humans. Thus, future studies should focus on well-designed clinical trials to confirm or refute a potential role of carnosine in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in humans, in addition to advancing knowledge from the basic science and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estifanos Baye
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Barbara Ukropcova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alan Hipkiss
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia. .,Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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Bex T, Baguet A, Achten E, Aerts P, De Clercq D, Derave W. Cyclic movement frequency is associated with muscle typology in athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 27:223-229. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Bex
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - A. Baguet
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - E. Achten
- Department of Radiology; Ghent Institute for Functional and Metabolic Imaging; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - P. Aerts
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Department of Biology, Laboratory for Functional Morphology; University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
| | - D. De Clercq
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - W. Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
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de Courten B, Kurdiova T, de Courten MPJ, Belan V, Everaert I, Vician M, Teede H, Gasperikova D, Aldini G, Derave W, Ukropec J, Ukropcova B. Muscle Carnosine Is Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Humans. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138707. [PMID: 26439389 PMCID: PMC4595442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carnosine is a naturally present dipeptide abundant in skeletal muscle and an over-the counter food additive. Animal data suggest a role of carnosine supplementation in the prevention and treatment of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease but only limited human data exists. METHODS AND RESULTS Samples of vastus lateralis muscle were obtained by needle biopsy. We measured muscle carnosine levels (high-performance liquid chromatography), % body fat (bioimpedance), abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adiposity (magnetic resonance imaging), insulin sensitivity (euglycaemic hyperinsulinemic clamp), resting energy expenditure (REE, indirect calorimetry), free-living ambulatory physical activity (accelerometers) and lipid profile in 36 sedentary non-vegetarian middle aged men (45±7 years) with varying degrees of adiposity and glucose tolerance. Muscle carnosine content was positively related to % body fat (r = 0.35, p = 0.04) and subcutaneous (r = 0.38, p = 0.02) but not visceral fat (r = 0.17, p = 0.33). Muscle carnosine content was inversely associated with insulin sensitivity (r = -0.44, p = 0.008), REE (r = -0.58, p<0.001) and HDL-cholesterol levels (r = -0.34, p = 0.048). Insulin sensitivity and physical activity were the best predictors of muscle carnosine content after adjustment for adiposity. CONCLUSION Our data shows that higher carnosine content in human skeletal muscle is positively associated with insulin resistance and fasting metabolic preference for glucose. Moreover, it is negatively associated with HDL-cholesterol and basal energy expenditure. Intervention studies targeting insulin resistance, metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk factors are necessary to evaluate its putative role in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health, Research and Implementation, School of Public health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Timea Kurdiova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Vitazoslav Belan
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Bratislava, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Inge Everaert
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Marek Vician
- Surgery Department, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Helena Teede
- Monash Centre for Health, Research and Implementation, School of Public health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniela Gasperikova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Ukropcova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Stegen S, Everaert I, Deldicque L, Vallova S, de Courten B, Ukropcova B, Ukropec J, Derave W. Muscle histidine-containing dipeptides are elevated by glucose intolerance in both rodents and men. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121062. [PMID: 25803044 PMCID: PMC4372406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Muscle carnosine and its methylated form anserine are histidine-containing dipeptides. Both dipeptides have the ability to quench reactive carbonyl species and previous studies have shown that endogenous tissue levels are decreased in chronic diseases, such as diabetes. DESIGN AND METHODS Rodent study: Skeletal muscles of rats and mice were collected from 4 different diet-intervention studies, aiming to induce various degrees of glucose intolerance: 45% high-fat feeding (male rats), 60% high-fat feeding (male rats), cafeteria feeding (male rats), 70% high-fat feeding (female mice). Body weight, glucose-tolerance and muscle histidine-containing dipeptides were assessed. Human study: Muscle biopsies were taken from m. vastus lateralis in 35 males (9 lean, 8 obese, 9 prediabetic and 9 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients) and muscle carnosine and gene expression of muscle fiber type markers were measured. RESULTS Diet interventions in rodents (cafeteria and 70% high-fat feeding) induced increases in body weight, glucose intolerance and levels of histidine-containing dipeptides in muscle. In humans, obese, prediabetic and diabetic men had increased muscle carnosine content compared to the lean (+21% (p>0.1), +30% (p<0.05) and +39% (p<0.05), respectively). The gene expression of fast-oxidative type 2A myosin heavy chain was increased in the prediabetic (1.8-fold, p<0.05) and tended to increase in the diabetic men (1.6-fold, p = 0.07), compared to healthy lean subjects. CONCLUSION Muscle histidine-containing dipeptides increases with progressive glucose intolerance, in male individuals (cross-sectional). In addition, high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance was associated with increased muscle histidine-containing dipeptides in female mice (interventional). Increased muscle carnosine content might reflect fiber type composition and/or act as a compensatory mechanism aimed at preventing cell damage in states of impaired glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Stegen
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inge Everaert
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Department of Kinesiology, Exercise Physiology Research Centre, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Silvia Vallova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health, Research and Implementation, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Barbara Ukropcova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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STEGEN SANNE, BEX TINE, VERVAET CHRIS, VANHEE LANDER, ACHTEN ERIC, DERAVE WIM. β-Alanine Dose for Maintaining Moderately Elevated Muscle Carnosine Levels. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014; 46:1426-32. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Song BC, Joo NS, Aldini G, Yeum KJ. Biological functions of histidine-dipeptides and metabolic syndrome. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 8:3-10. [PMID: 24611099 PMCID: PMC3944153 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, which is associated with a state of elevated systemic oxidative stress and inflammation, is expected to cause future increases in the prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and sugars produces reactive carbonyl species, which, due to their electrophilic nature, react with the nucleophilic sites of certain amino acids. This leads to formation of protein adducts such as advanced glycoxidation/lipoxidation end products (AGEs/ALEs), resulting in cellular dysfunction. Therefore, an effective reactive carbonyl species and AGEs/ALEs sequestering agent may be able to prevent such cellular dysfunction. There is accumulating evidence that histidine containing dipeptides such as carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) and anserine (β-alanyl-methyl-L-histidine) detoxify cytotoxic reactive carbonyls by forming unreactive adducts and are able to reverse glycated protein. In this review, 1) reaction mechanism of oxidative stress and certain chronic diseases, 2) interrelation between oxidative stress and inflammation, 3) effective reactive carbonyl species and AGEs/ALEs sequestering actions of histidine-dipeptides and their metabolism, 4) effects of carnosinase encoding gene on the effectiveness of histidine-dipeptides, and 5) protective effects of histidine-dipeptides against progression of metabolic syndrome are discussed. Overall, this review highlights the potential beneficial effects of histidine-dipeptides against metabolic syndrome. Randomized controlled human studies may provide essential information regarding whether histidine-dipeptides attenuate metabolic syndrome in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeng Chun Song
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, 268 Chungwondaero, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, Korea
| | - Nam-Seok Joo
- School of Medicine, Ajou University, Gyeonggi 443-749, Korea
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Kyung-Jin Yeum
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, 268 Chungwondaero, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, Korea
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Bex T, Chung W, Baguet A, Stegen S, Stautemas J, Achten E, Derave W. Muscle carnosine loading by beta-alanine supplementation is more pronounced in trained vs. untrained muscles. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 116:204-9. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01033.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosine occurs in high concentrations in human skeletal muscle and assists working capacity during high-intensity exercise. Chronic beta-alanine (BA) supplementation has consistently been shown to augment muscle carnosine concentration, but the effect of training on the carnosine loading efficiency is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to compare muscle carnosine loading between trained and untrained arm and leg muscles. In a first study ( n = 17), reliability of carnosine quantification by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) was evaluated in deltoid and triceps brachii muscles. In a second study, participants ( n = 35; 10 nonathletes, 10 cyclists, 10 swimmers, and 5 kayakers) were supplemented with 6.4 g/day of slow-release BA for 23 days. Carnosine content was evaluated in soleus, gastrocnemius medialis, and deltoid muscles by 1H-MRS. All the results are reported as arbitrary units. In the nonathletes, BA supplementation increased carnosine content by 47% in the arm and 33% in the leg muscles (not significant). In kayakers, the increase was more pronounced in arm (deltoid) vs. leg (soleus + gastrocnemius) muscles (0.089 vs. 0.049), whereas the reverse pattern was observed in cyclists (0.065 vs. 0.084). Swimmers had significantly higher increase in carnosine in both deltoid (0.107 vs. 0.065) and gastrocnemius muscle (0.082 vs. 0.051) compared with nonathletes. We showed that 1) carnosine content can be reliably measured by 1H-MRS in deltoid muscle, 2) carnosine loading is equally effective in arm vs. leg muscles of nonathletes, and 3) carnosine loading is more pronounced in trained vs. untrained muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Bex
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; and
| | - W. Chung
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; and
| | - A. Baguet
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; and
| | - S. Stegen
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; and
| | - J. Stautemas
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; and
| | - E. Achten
- Department of Radiology, Ghent Institute for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - W. Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; and
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STEGEN SANNE, BLANCQUAERT LAURA, EVERAERT INGE, BEX TINE, TAES YOURI, CALDERS PATRICK, ACHTEN ERIC, DERAVE WIM. Meal and Beta-Alanine Coingestion Enhances Muscle Carnosine Loading. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013; 45:1478-85. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31828ab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Carnosine: from exercise performance to health. Amino Acids 2013; 44:1477-91. [PMID: 23479117 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Carnosine was first discovered in skeletal muscle, where its concentration is higher than in any other tissue. This, along with an understanding of its role as an intracellular pH buffer has made it a dipeptide of interest for the athletic population with its potential to increase high-intensity exercise performance and capacity. The ability to increase muscle carnosine levels via β-alanine supplementation has spawned a new area of research into its use as an ergogenic aid. The current evidence base relating to the use of β-alanine as an ergogenic aid is reviewed here, alongside our current thoughts on the potential mechanism(s) to support any effect. There is also some emerging evidence for a potential therapeutic role for carnosine, with this potential being, at least theoretically, shown in ageing, neurological diseases, diabetes and cancer. The currently available evidence to support this potential therapeutic role is also reviewed here, as are the potential limitations of its use for these purposes, which mainly focusses on issues surrounding carnosine bioavailability.
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Xie Z, Baba SP, Sweeney BR, Barski OA. Detoxification of aldehydes by histidine-containing dipeptides: from chemistry to clinical implications. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 202:288-97. [PMID: 23313711 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aldehydes are generated by oxidized lipids and carbohydrates at increased levels under conditions of metabolic imbalance and oxidative stress during atherosclerosis, myocardial and cerebral ischemia, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases and trauma. In most tissues, aldehydes are detoxified by oxidoreductases that catalyze the oxidation or the reduction of aldehydes or enzymatic and nonenzymatic conjugation with low molecular weight thiols and amines, such as glutathione and histidine dipeptides. Histidine dipeptides are present in micromolar to millimolar range in the tissues of vertebrates, where they are involved in a variety of physiological functions such as pH buffering, metal chelation, oxidant and aldehyde scavenging. Histidine dipeptides such as carnosine form Michael adducts with lipid-derived unsaturated aldehydes, and react with carbohydrate-derived oxo- and hydroxy-aldehydes forming products of unknown structure. Although these peptides react with electrophilic molecules at lower rate than glutathione, they can protect glutathione from modification by oxidant and they may be important for aldehyde quenching in glutathione-depleted cells or extracellular space where glutathione is scarce. Consistent with in vitro findings, treatment with carnosine has been shown to diminish ischemic injury, improve glucose control, ameliorate the development of complications in animal models of diabetes and obesity, promote wound healing and decrease atherosclerosis. The protective effects of carnosine have been linked to its anti-oxidant properties, its ability to promote glycolysis, detoxify reactive aldehydes and enhance histamine levels. Thus, treatment with carnosine and related histidine dipeptides may be a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with high carbonyl load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhi Xie
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Stellingwerff T, Decombaz J, Harris RC, Boesch C. Optimizing human in vivo dosing and delivery of β-alanine supplements for muscle carnosine synthesis. Amino Acids 2012; 43:57-65. [PMID: 22358258 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interest into the effects of carnosine on cellular metabolism is rapidly expanding. The first study to demonstrate in humans that chronic β-alanine (BA) supplementation (~3-6 g BA/day for ~4 weeks) can result in significantly augmented muscle carnosine concentrations (>50%) was only recently published. BA supplementation is potentially poised for application beyond the niche exercise and performance-enhancement field and into other more clinical populations. When examining all BA supplementation studies that directly measure muscle carnosine (n=8), there is a significant linear correlation between total grams of BA consumed (of daily intake ranges of 1.6-6.4 g BA/day) versus both the relative and absolute increases in muscle carnosine. Supporting this, a recent dose-response study demonstrated a large linear dependency (R2=0.921) based on the total grams of BA consumed over 8 weeks. The pre-supplementation baseline carnosine or individual subjects' body weight (from 65 to 90 kg) does not appear to impact on subsequent carnosine synthesis from BA consumption. Once muscle carnosine is augmented, the washout is very slow (~2%/week). Recently, a slow-release BA tablet supplement has been developed showing a smaller peak plasma BA concentration and delayed time to peak, with no difference in the area under the curve compared to pure BA in solution. Further, this slow-release profile resulted in a reduced urinary BA loss and improved retention, while at the same time, eliciting minimal paraesthesia symptoms. However, our complete understanding of optimizing in vivo delivery and dosing of BA is still in its infancy. Thus, this review will clarify our current knowledge of BA supplementation to augment muscle carnosine as well as highlight future research questions on the regulatory points of control for muscle carnosine synthesis.
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