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Kweon TH, Jung H, Ko JY, Kang J, Kim W, Kim Y, Kim HB, Yi EC, Ku NO, Cho JW, Yang WH. O-GlcNAcylation of RBM14 contributes to elevated cellular O-GlcNAc through regulation of OGA protein stability. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114163. [PMID: 38678556 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation has emerged as a potential biomarker for several diseases, particularly cancer. The role of OGT (O-GlcNAc transferase) in maintaining O-GlcNAc homeostasis has been extensively studied; nevertheless, the regulation of OGA (O-GlcNAcase) in cancer remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that the multifunctional protein RBM14 is a regulator of cellular O-GlcNAcylation. By investigating the correlation between elevated O-GlcNAcylation and increased RBM14 expression in lung cancer cells, we discovered that RBM14 promotes ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of OGA, ultimately mediating cellular O-GlcNAcylation levels. In addition, RBM14 itself is O-GlcNAcylated at serine 521, regulating its interaction with the E3 ligase TRIM33, consequently affecting OGA protein stability. Moreover, we demonstrated that mutation of serine 521 to alanine abrogated the oncogenic properties of RBM14. Collectively, our findings reveal a previously unknown mechanism for the regulation of OGA and suggest a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cancers with dysregulated O-GlcNAcylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyun Kweon
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeryeon Jung
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yeon Ko
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingu Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyoung Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeolhoe Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Byeol Kim
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene C Yi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-On Ku
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Cho
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won Ho Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Hu YJ, Zhang X, Lv HM, Liu Y, Li SZ. Protein O-GlcNAcylation: The sweet hub in liver metabolic flexibility from a (patho)physiological perspective. Liver Int 2024; 44:293-315. [PMID: 38110988 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic, reversible and atypical O-glycosylation that regulates various cellular physiological processes via conformation, stabilisation, localisation, chaperone interaction or activity of target proteins. The O-GlcNAcylation cycle is precisely controlled by collaboration between O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase. Uridine-diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine, the sole donor of O-GlcNAcylation produced by the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, is controlled by the input of glucose, glutamine, acetyl coenzyme A and uridine triphosphate, making it a sensor of the fluctuation of molecules, making O-GlcNAcylation a pivotal nutrient sensor for the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids and nucleotides. O-GlcNAcylation, particularly prevalent in liver, is the core hub for controlling systemic glucose homeostasis due to its nutritional sensitivity and precise spatiotemporal regulation of insulin signal transduction. The pathology of various liver diseases has highlighted hepatic metabolic disorder and dysfunction, and abnormal O-GlcNAcylation also plays a specific pathological role in these processes. Therefore, this review describes the unique features of O-GlcNAcylation and its dynamic homeostasis maintenance. Additionally, it explains the underlying nutritional sensitivity of O-GlcNAcylation and discusses its mechanism of spatiotemporal modulation of insulin signal transduction and liver metabolic homeostasis during the fasting and feeding cycle. This review emphasises the pathophysiological implications of O-GlcNAcylation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis, and focuses on the adverse effects of hyper O-GlcNAcylation on liver cancer progression and metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Hong-Ming Lv
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Shi-Ze Li
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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3
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Leonel AV, Alisson-Silva F, Santos RCM, Silva-Aguiar RP, Gomes JC, Longo GMC, Faria BM, Siqueira MS, Pereira MG, Vasconcelos-dos-Santos A, Chiarini LB, Slawson C, Caruso-Neves C, Romão L, Travassos LH, Carneiro K, Todeschini AR, Dias WB. Inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation Reduces Cell Viability and Autophagy and Increases Sensitivity to Chemotherapeutic Temozolomide in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4740. [PMID: 37835434 PMCID: PMC10571858 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive primary malignant brain tumor and is associated with short survival. O-GlcNAcylation is an intracellular glycosylation that regulates protein function, enzymatic activity, protein stability, and subcellular localization. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation is related to the tumorigenesis of different tumors, and mounting evidence supports O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) as a potential therapeutic target. Here, we used two human GB cell lines alongside primary human astrocytes as a non-tumoral control to investigate the role of O-GlcNAcylation in cell proliferation, cell cycle, autophagy, and cell death. We observed that hyper O-GlcNAcylation promoted increased cellular proliferation, independent of alterations in the cell cycle, through the activation of autophagy. On the other hand, hypo O-GlcNAcylation inhibited autophagy, promoted cell death by apoptosis, and reduced cell proliferation. In addition, the decrease in O-GlcNAcylation sensitized GB cells to the chemotherapeutic temozolomide (TMZ) without affecting human astrocytes. Combined, these results indicated a role for O-GlcNAcylation in governing cell proliferation, autophagy, cell death, and TMZ response, thereby indicating possible therapeutic implications for treating GB. These findings pave the way for further research and the development of novel treatment approaches which may contribute to improved outcomes and increased survival rates for patients facing this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda V. Leonel
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (A.V.L.); (C.C.-N.); (L.H.T.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Frederico Alisson-Silva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ronan C. M. Santos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (A.V.L.); (C.C.-N.); (L.H.T.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Rodrigo P. Silva-Aguiar
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (A.V.L.); (C.C.-N.); (L.H.T.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Julia C. Gomes
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (A.V.L.); (C.C.-N.); (L.H.T.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Gabriel M. C. Longo
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruna M. Faria
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil (L.R.); (K.C.)
| | - Mariana S. Siqueira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (A.V.L.); (C.C.-N.); (L.H.T.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Miria G. Pereira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (A.V.L.); (C.C.-N.); (L.H.T.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Andreia Vasconcelos-dos-Santos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (A.V.L.); (C.C.-N.); (L.H.T.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Luciana B. Chiarini
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (A.V.L.); (C.C.-N.); (L.H.T.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Chad Slawson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Celso Caruso-Neves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (A.V.L.); (C.C.-N.); (L.H.T.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Luciana Romão
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil (L.R.); (K.C.)
| | - Leonardo H. Travassos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (A.V.L.); (C.C.-N.); (L.H.T.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Katia Carneiro
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil (L.R.); (K.C.)
| | - Adriane R. Todeschini
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (A.V.L.); (C.C.-N.); (L.H.T.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Wagner B. Dias
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (A.V.L.); (C.C.-N.); (L.H.T.); (A.R.T.)
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Wang B, Moon SP, Cutolo G, Javed A, Ahn BS, Ryu AH, Pratt MR. HSP27 Inhibitory Activity against Caspase-3 Cleavage and Activation by Caspase-9 Is Enhanced by Chaperone O-GlcNAc Modification in Vitro. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1698-1704. [PMID: 37450938 PMCID: PMC10442853 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
One of the O-GlcNAc modifications is the protection of cells against a variety of stressors that result in cell death. Previous experiments have focused on the overall ability of O-GlcNAc to prevent protein aggregation under stress as well as its ability to affect stress-response signaling pathways. Less attention has been paid to the potential role for O-GlcNAc in the direct inhibition of a major cell-death pathway, apoptosis. Apoptosis involves the sequential activation of caspase proteases, including the transfer of cell-stress information from initiator caspase-9 to effector caspase-3. Cells have multiple mechanisms to slow the apoptotic cascade, including heat shock protein HSP27, which can directly inhibit the activation of caspase-3 by caspase-9. We have previously shown that O-GlcNAc modification increases the chaperone activity of HSP27 against amyloid aggregation, raising the question as to whether this modification may play important roles in other facets of HSP27 biology. Here, we use protein chemistry to generate different versions of O-GlcNAc modified HSP27 and demonstrate that the modification enhances this antiapoptotic function of the chaperone, at least in an in vitro context. These results provide additional molecular insight into how O-GlcNAc functions as a mediator of cellular stress with important implications for human diseases like cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyou Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Stuart P. Moon
- Department
of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Giuliano Cutolo
- Department
of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Afraah Javed
- Department
of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Benjamin S. Ahn
- Department
of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Andrew H. Ryu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Matthew R. Pratt
- Department
of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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5
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Zhu Q, Wang H, Chai S, Xu L, Lin B, Yi W, Wu L. O-GlcNAcylation promotes tumor immune evasion by inhibiting PD-L1 lysosomal degradation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216796120. [PMID: 36943877 PMCID: PMC10068856 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216796120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed-death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) mediate T cell-dependent immunity against tumors. The abundance of cell surface PD-L1 is a key determinant of the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy targeting PD-L1. However, the regulation of cell surface PD-L1 is still poorly understood. Here, we show that lysosomal degradation of PD-L1 is regulated by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) during the intracellular trafficking pathway. O-GlcNAc modifies the hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (HGS), a key component of the endosomal sorting machinery, and subsequently inhibits its interaction with intracellular PD-L1, leading to impaired lysosomal degradation of PD-L1. O-GlcNAc inhibition activates T cell-mediated antitumor immunity in vitro and in immune-competent mice in a manner dependent on HGS glycosylation. Combination of O-GlcNAc inhibition with PD-L1 antibody synergistically promotes antitumor immune response. We also designed a competitive peptide inhibitor of HGS glycosylation that decreases PD-L1 expression and enhances T cell-mediated immunity against tumor cells. Collectively, our study reveals a link between O-GlcNAc and tumor immune evasion, and suggests strategies for improving PD-L1-mediated immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Hongxing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, China
| | - Siyuan Chai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Bingyi Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, China
| | - Wen Yi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, China
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6
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Karadkhelkar NM, Lin M, Eubanks LM, Janda KD. Demystifying the Druggability of the MYC Family of Oncogenes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3259-3269. [PMID: 36734615 PMCID: PMC10182829 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The MYC family of oncogenes (MYC, MYCN, and MYCL) encodes a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLHLZ) transcriptional regulator that is responsible for moving the cell through the restriction point. Through the HLHZIP domain, MYC heterodimerizes with the bHLHLZ protein MAX, which enables this MYC-MAX complex to bind to E-box regulatory DNA elements thereby controlling transcription of a large group of genes and their proteins. Translationally, MYC is one of the foremost oncogenic targets, and deregulation of expression of the MYC family gene/proteins occurs in over half of all human tumors and is recognized as a hallmark of cancer initiation and maintenance. Additionally, unexpected roles for this oncoprotein have been found in cancers that nominally have a non-MYC etiology. Although MYC is rarely mutated, its gain of function in cancer results from overexpression or from amplification. Moreover, MYC is a pleiotropic transcription factor possessing broad pathogenic prominence making it a coveted cancer target. A widely held notion within the biomedical research community is that the reliable modulation of MYC represents a tremendous therapeutic opportunity given its role in directly potentiating oncogenesis. However, the MYC-MAX heterodimer interaction contains a large surface area with a lack of well-defined binding sites creating the perception that targeting of MYC-MAX is forbidding. Here, we discuss the biochemistry behind MYC and MYC-MAX as it relates to cancer progression associated with these transcription factors. We also discuss the notion that MYC should no longer be regarded as undruggable, providing examples that a therapeutic window is achievable despite global MYC inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant M. Karadkhelkar
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Mingliang Lin
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Lisa M. Eubanks
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kim D. Janda
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Lu Q, Zhang X, Liang T, Bai X. O-GlcNAcylation: an important post-translational modification and a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Mol Med 2022; 28:115. [PMID: 36104770 PMCID: PMC9476278 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
O-linked β-d-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important post-translational modification of serine or threonine residues on thousands of proteins in the nucleus and cytoplasm of all animals and plants. In eukaryotes, only two conserved enzymes are involved in this process. O-GlcNAc transferase is responsible for adding O-GlcNAc to proteins, while O-GlcNAcase is responsible for removing it. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation is associated with a variety of human diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have confirmed that O-GlcNAcylation is involved in the occurrence and progression of cancers in multiple systems throughout the body. It is also involved in regulating multiple cancer hallmarks, such as metabolic reprogramming, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. In this review, we first describe the process of O-GlcNAcylation and the structure and function of O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes. In addition, we detail the occurrence of O-GlcNAc in various cancers and the role it plays. Finally, we discuss the potential of O-GlcNAc as a promising biomarker and novel therapeutic target for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
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Hu CW, Xie J, Jiang J. The Emerging Roles of Protein Interactions with O-GlcNAc Cycling Enzymes in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5135. [PMID: 36291918 PMCID: PMC9600386 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic O-GlcNAc modification of intracellular proteins is an important nutrient sensor for integrating metabolic signals into vast networks of highly coordinated cellular activities. Dysregulation of the sole enzymes responsible for O-GlcNAc cycling, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), and the associated cellular O-GlcNAc profile is a common feature across nearly every cancer type. Many studies have investigated the effects of aberrant OGT/OGA expression on global O-GlcNAcylation activity in cancer cells. However, recent studies have begun to elucidate the roles of protein-protein interactions (PPIs), potentially through regions outside of the immediate catalytic site of OGT/OGA, that regulate greater protein networks to facilitate substrate-specific modification, protein translocalization, and the assembly of larger biomolecular complexes. Perturbation of OGT/OGA PPI networks makes profound changes in the cell and may directly contribute to cancer malignancies. Herein, we highlight recent studies on the structural features of OGT and OGA, as well as the emerging roles and molecular mechanisms of their aberrant PPIs in rewiring cancer networks. By integrating complementary approaches, the research in this area will aid in the identification of key protein contacts and functional modules derived from OGT/OGA that drive oncogenesis and will illuminate new directions for anti-cancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiaoyang Jiang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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9
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Liu Y, Hu YJ, Fan WX, Quan X, Xu B, Li SZ. O-GlcNAcylation: The Underestimated Emerging Regulators of Skeletal Muscle Physiology. Cells 2022; 11:1789. [PMID: 35681484 PMCID: PMC9180116 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a highly dynamic, reversible and atypical glycosylation that regulates the activity, biological function, stability, sublocation and interaction of target proteins. O-GlcNAcylation receives and coordinates different signal inputs as an intracellular integrator similar to the nutrient sensor and stress receptor, which target multiple substrates with spatio-temporal analysis specifically to maintain cellular homeostasis and normal physiological functions. Our review gives a brief description of O-GlcNAcylation and its only two processing enzymes and HBP flux, which will help to better understand its physiological characteristics of sensing nutrition and environmental cues. This nutritional and stress-sensitive properties of O-GlcNAcylation allow it to participate in the precise regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism. This review discusses the mechanism of O-GlcNAcylation to alleviate metabolic disorders and the controversy about the insulin resistance of skeletal muscle. The level of global O-GlcNAcylation is precisely controlled and maintained in the "optimal zone", and its abnormal changes is a potential factor in the pathogenesis of cancer, neurodegeneration, diabetes and diabetic complications. Although the essential role of O-GlcNAcylation in skeletal muscle physiology has been widely studied and recognized, it still is underestimated and overlooked. This review highlights the latest progress and potential mechanisms of O-GlcNAcylation in the regulation of skeletal muscle contraction and structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bin Xu
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (Y.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (W.-X.F.); (X.Q.)
| | - Shi-Ze Li
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (Y.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (W.-X.F.); (X.Q.)
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10
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O-GlcNAc modification of leucyl-tRNA synthetase 1 integrates leucine and glucose availability to regulate mTORC1 and the metabolic fate of leucine. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2904. [PMID: 35614056 PMCID: PMC9133088 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
All living organisms have the ability to sense nutrient levels to coordinate cellular metabolism. Despite the importance of nutrient-sensing pathways that detect the levels of amino acids and glucose, how the availability of these two types of nutrients is integrated is unclear. Here, we show that glucose availability regulates the central nutrient effector mTORC1 through intracellular leucine sensor leucyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (LARS1). Glucose starvation results in O-GlcNAcylation of LARS1 on residue S1042. This modification inhibits the interaction of LARS1 with RagD GTPase and reduces the affinity of LARS1 for leucine by promoting phosphorylation of its leucine-binding site by the autophagy-activating kinase ULK1, decreasing mTORC1 activity. The lack of LARS1 O-GlcNAcylation constitutively activates mTORC1, supporting its ability to sense leucine, and deregulates protein synthesis and leucine catabolism under glucose starvation. This work demonstrates that LARS1 integrates leucine and glucose availability to regulate mTORC1 and the metabolic fate of leucine. Leucyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (LARS1) is a leucine sensor for mTORC1 signaling and regulates leucine utilization depending on glucose availability. Here, the author show that O-GlcNAcylation of LARS1 is crucial for its ability to regulate mTORC1 activity and leucine metabolism upon glucose starvation.
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11
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Seo H, Kramer AC, McLendon BA, Cain JW, Burghardt RC, Wu G, Bazer FW, Johnson GA. Elongating porcine conceptuses can utilize Glutaminolysis as an Anaplerotic pathway to maintain the TCA cycle. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:823-833. [PMID: 35552608 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the peri-implantation period of pregnancy, the trophectoderm of pig conceptuses utilize glucose via multiple biosynthetic pathways to support elongation and implantation, resulting in limited availability of pyruvate for metabolism via the TCA cycle. Therefore, we hypothesized that porcine trophectoderm cells replenish TCA cycle intermediates via a process known as anaplerosis, and that trophectoderm cells convert glutamine to α-ketoglutarate, a TCA cycle intermediate, through glutaminolysis. Results demonstrate: 1) that expression of glutaminase (GLS) increases in trophectoderm and glutamine synthetase (GLUL) increases in extra-embryonic endoderm of conceptuses, suggesting that extra-embryonic endoderm synthesizes glutamine, and trophectoderm converts glutamine into glutamate; and 2) that expression of glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1) decreases and expression of aminotransferases including PSAT1 increase in trophectoderm, suggesting that glutaminolysis occurs in the trophectoderm through the GLS-aminotransferase pathway during the peri-implantation period. We then incubated porcine conceptuses with 13C-glutamine in the presence or absence of glucose in the culture media, and then monitored the movement of glutamine-derived carbons through metabolic intermediates within glutaminolysis and the TCA cycle. The accumulation of 13C-labeled carbons significantly increased in glutamate, α-ketoglutarate, succinate, malate, citrate, and aspartate in the absence of glucose in the media. Collectively, our results indicate that during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy, the proliferating and migrating trophectoderm cells of elongating porcine conceptuses utilize glutamine via glutaminolysis as an alternate carbon source to maintain TCA cycle flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heewon Seo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Avery C Kramer
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Bryan A McLendon
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Joe W Cain
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Robert C Burghardt
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Greg A Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
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12
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Liu K, Li J, Long T, Wang Y, Yin T, Long J, Shen Y, Cheng L. Changes in serum amino acid levels in non-small cell lung cancer: a case-control study in Chinese population. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13272. [PMID: 35469201 PMCID: PMC9034703 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown the alteration of amino acid (AA) profile in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is little data regarding AA profile in NSCLC in Chinese population. The aim of this study was to evaluate AA profile in Chinese NSCLC patients, explore its utility in sample classification and further discuss its related metabolic pathways. Methods The concentrations of 22 AAs in serum samples from 200 patients with NSCLC and 202 healthy controls were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). AA levels in different tumor stages and histological types were also discussed. The performance of AA panel in classifying the cases and controls was evaluated in the training data set and validation data set based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the important metabolic pathways were identified. Results The concentrations of tryptophan (Trp), phenylalanine (Phe), isoleucine (Ile), glycine (Gly), serine (Ser), aspartic acid (Asp), asparagine (Asn), cystein (Cys), glutamic acid (Glu), ornithine (Orn) and citrulline (Cit) were significantly altered in NSCLC patients compared with controls (all P-FDR < 0.05). Among these, four AAs including Asp, Cys, Glu and Orn were substantially up-regulated in NSCLC patients (FC ≥ 1.2). AA levels were significantly altered in patients with late-stage NSCLC, but not in those with early-stage when comparing with healthy controls. In terms of histological type, these AAs were altered in both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. For discrimination of NSCLC from controls, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.80 (95% CI [0.74-0.85]) in the training data set and 0.79 (95%CI [0.71-0.87]) in the validation data set. The AUCs for early-stage and late-stage NSCLC were 0.75 (95% CI [0.68-0.81]) and 0.86 (95% CI [0.82-0.91]), respectively. Moreover, the model showed a better performance in the classification of squamous cell carcinoma (AUC = 0.90, 95% CI [0.85-0.95]) than adenocarcinoma (AUC = 0.77, 95% CI [0.71-0.82]) from controls. Three important metabolic pathways were involved in the alteration of AA profile, including Gly, Ser and Thr metabolism; Ala, Asp and Glu metabolism; and Arg biosynthesis. Conclusions The levels of several AAs in serum were altered in Chinese NSCLC patients. These altered AAs may be utilized to classify the cases from the controls. Gly, Ser and Thr metabolism; Ala, Asp and Glu metabolism and Arg biosynthesis pathways may play roles in metabolism of the NSCLC patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaoyuan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongxin Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jieyi Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Vang S, Cochran P, Sebastian Domingo J, Krick S, Barnes JW. The Glycobiology of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040316. [PMID: 35448503 PMCID: PMC9026683 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive pulmonary vascular disease of complex etiology. Cases of PAH that do not receive therapy after diagnosis have a low survival rate. Multiple reports have shown that idiopathic PAH, or IPAH, is associated with metabolic dysregulation including altered bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and dysregulated glucose metabolism. Multiple processes such as increased proliferation of pulmonary vascular cells, angiogenesis, apoptotic resistance, and vasoconstriction may be regulated by the metabolic changes demonstrated in PAH. Recent reports have underscored similarities between metabolic abnormalities in cancer and IPAH. In particular, increased glucose uptake and altered glucose utilization have been documented and have been linked to the aforementioned processes. We were the first to report a link between altered glucose metabolism and changes in glycosylation. Subsequent reports have highlighted similar findings, including a potential role for altered metabolism and aberrant glycosylation in IPAH pathogenesis. This review will detail research findings that demonstrate metabolic dysregulation in PAH with an emphasis on glycobiology. Furthermore, this report will illustrate the similarities in the pathobiology of PAH and cancer and highlight the novel findings that researchers have explored in the field.
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14
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Wong YK, Wang J, Lim TK, Lin Q, Yap CT, Shen HM. O-GlcNAcylation promotes fatty acid synthase activity under nutritional stress as a pro-survival mechanism in cancer cells. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100175. [PMID: 35083852 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Protein O-GlcNAcylation is a specific form of protein glycosylation that targets a wide range of proteins with important functions. O-GlcNAcylation is known to be deregulated in cancer and has been linked to multiple aspects of cancer pathology. Despite its ubiquity and importance, the current understanding of the role of O-GlcNAcylation in the stress response remains limited. In this study, we performed a quantitative chemical proteomics-based open study of the O-GlcNAcome in HeLa cells, and identified 163 differentially-glycosylated proteins under starvation, involving multiple metabolic pathways. Among them, fatty acid metabolism was found to be targeted and subsequent analysis confirmed that fatty acid synthase (FASN) is O-GlcNAcylated. O-GlcNAcylation led to enhanced de novo fatty acid synthesis activity, and fatty acids contributed to the cytoprotective effects of O-GlcNAcylation under starvation. Moreover, dual inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation and FASN displayed a strong synergistic effect in vitro in inducing cell death in cancer cells. Together, the results from this study provide novel insights into the role of O-GlcNAcylation in the nutritional stress response and suggest the potential of combining inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation and fatty acid synthesis in cancer therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Kwan Wong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Jigang Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Teck Kwang Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Qingsong Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Celestial T Yap
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.,Cancer Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.,National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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15
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Ishikawa S, Sugimoto M, Konta T, Kitabatake K, Ueda S, Edamatsu K, Okuyama N, Yusa K, Iino M. Salivary Metabolomics for Prognosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 11:789248. [PMID: 35070995 PMCID: PMC8769065 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.789248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify salivary metabolomic biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) based on comprehensive metabolomic analyses. Quantified metabolomics data of unstimulated saliva samples collected from patients with OSCC (n = 72) were randomly divided into the training (n = 35) and validation groups (n = 37). The training data were used to develop a Cox proportional hazards regression model for identifying significant metabolites as prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival. Moreover, the validation group was used to develop another Cox proportional hazards regression model using the previously identified metabolites. There were no significant between-group differences in the participants’ characteristics, including age, sex, and the median follow-up periods (55 months [range: 3–100] vs. 43 months [range: 0–97]). The concentrations of 5-hydroxylysine (p = 0.009) and 3-methylhistidine (p = 0.012) were identified as significant prognostic factors for OS in the training group. Among them, the concentration of 3-methylhistidine was a significant prognostic factor for OS in the validation group (p = 0.048). Our findings revealed that salivary 3-methylhistidine is a prognostic factor for OS in patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Ishikawa
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Iida-nishi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Health Promotion and Pre-emptive Medicine, Research and Development Center for Minimally Invasive Therapies, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Konta
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Iida-nishi, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Kitabatake
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Iida-nishi, Japan
| | - Shohei Ueda
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Iida-nishi, Japan
| | - Kaoru Edamatsu
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Iida-nishi, Japan
| | - Naoki Okuyama
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Iida-nishi, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Yusa
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Iida-nishi, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Iino
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Iida-nishi, Japan
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16
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Tvaroška I. Glycosyltransferases as targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer and inflammation: molecular modeling insights. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-02026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Weiss M, Anderluh M, Gobec M. Inhibition of O-GlcNAc Transferase Alters the Differentiation and Maturation Process of Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123312. [PMID: 34943826 PMCID: PMC8699345 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification of proteins regulated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase. These enzymes regulate the development, proliferation and function of cells, including the immune cells. Herein, we focused on the role of O-GlcNAcylation in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs). Our study suggests that inhibition of OGT modulates AKT and MEK/ERK pathways in moDCs. Changes were also observed in the expression levels of relevant surface markers, where reduced expression of CD80 and DC-SIGN, and increased expression of CD14, CD86 and HLA-DR occurred. We also noticed decreased IL-10 and increased IL-6 production, along with diminished endocytotic capacity of the cells, indicating that inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation hampers the transition of monocytes into immature DCs. Furthermore, the inhibition of OGT altered the maturation process of immature moDCs, since a CD14medDC-SIGNlowHLA-DRmedCD80lowCD86high profile was noticed when OGT inhibitor, OSMI-1, was present. To evaluate DCs ability to influence T cell differentiation and polarization, we co-cultured these cells. Surprisingly, the observed phenotypic changes of mature moDCs generated in the presence of OSMI-1 led to an increased proliferation of allogeneic T cells, while their polarization was not affected. Taken together, we confirm that shifting the O-GlcNAcylation status due to OGT inhibition alters the differentiation and function of moDCs in in vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Weiss
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.W.); (M.A.)
| | - Marko Anderluh
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.W.); (M.A.)
| | - Martina Gobec
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-4769-636
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18
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Saha A, Bello D, Fernández-Tejada A. Advances in chemical probing of protein O-GlcNAc glycosylation: structural role and molecular mechanisms. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10451-10485. [PMID: 34338261 PMCID: PMC8451060 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01275k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The addition of O-linked-β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) onto serine and threonine residues of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins is an abundant, unique post-translational modification governing important biological processes. O-GlcNAc dysregulation underlies several metabolic disorders leading to human diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration and diabetes. This review provides an extensive summary of the recent progress in probing O-GlcNAcylation using mainly chemical methods, with a special focus on discussing mechanistic insights and the structural role of O-GlcNAc at the molecular level. We highlight key aspects of the O-GlcNAc enzymes, including development of OGT and OGA small-molecule inhibitors, and describe a variety of chemoenzymatic and chemical biology approaches for the study of O-GlcNAcylation. Special emphasis is placed on the power of chemistry in the form of synthetic glycopeptide and glycoprotein tools for investigating the site-specific functional consequences of the modification. Finally, we discuss in detail the conformational effects of O-GlcNAc glycosylation on protein structure and stability, relevant O-GlcNAc-mediated protein interactions and its molecular recognition features by biological receptors. Future research in this field will provide novel, more effective chemical strategies and probes for the molecular interrogation of O-GlcNAcylation, elucidating new mechanisms and functional roles of O-GlcNAc with potential therapeutic applications in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Saha
- Chemical Immunology Lab, Centre for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, CIC-bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio 48160, Biscay, Spain.
| | - Davide Bello
- Chemical Immunology Lab, Centre for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, CIC-bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio 48160, Biscay, Spain.
| | - Alberto Fernández-Tejada
- Chemical Immunology Lab, Centre for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, CIC-bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio 48160, Biscay, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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19
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Bisnett BJ, Condon BM, Linhart NA, Lamb CH, Huynh DT, Bai J, Smith TJ, Hu J, Georgiou GR, Boyce M. Evidence for nutrient-dependent regulation of the COPII coat by O-GlcNAcylation. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1102-1120. [PMID: 34142147 PMCID: PMC8457363 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a dynamic form of intracellular glycosylation common in animals, plants and other organisms. O-GlcNAcylation is essential in mammalian cells and is dysregulated in myriad human diseases, such as cancer, neurodegeneration and metabolic syndrome. Despite this pathophysiological significance, key aspects of O-GlcNAc signaling remain incompletely understood, including its impact on fundamental cell biological processes. Here, we investigate the role of O-GlcNAcylation in the coat protein II complex (COPII), a system universally conserved in eukaryotes that mediates anterograde vesicle trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum. We identify new O-GlcNAcylation sites on Sec24C, Sec24D and Sec31A, core components of the COPII system, and provide evidence for potential nutrient-sensitive pathway regulation through site-specific glycosylation. Our work suggests a new connection between metabolism and trafficking through the conduit of COPII protein O-GlcNAcylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany J Bisnett
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Brett M Condon
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Noah A Linhart
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Caitlin H Lamb
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Duc T Huynh
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jingyi Bai
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Timothy J Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jimin Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - George R Georgiou
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael Boyce
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Sombutthaweesri T, Wu S, Chamusri N, Settakorn J, Pruksakorn D, Chaiyawat P, Sastraruji T, Krisanaprakornkit S, Supanchart C. Relationship Between O-GlcNAcase Expression and Prognosis of Patients With Osteosarcoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2021; 30:e1-e10. [PMID: 34469899 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated a role of O-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) in tumorigenesis of various carcinomas by modification of tumor-associated proteins. However, its implication in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the levels of O-GlcNAc and the expressions of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) in human osteosarcoma tissues, by using immunohistochemistry; and to find correlations between the levels or expressions and several clinicopathologic parameters. There were 109 first diagnosed osteosarcoma patients, including Enneking stage IIB (n=70) and III (n=39). Correlations between the immunoreactive score (IRS) and clinicopathologic parameters, overall survival, and metastasis-free survival were evaluated. A positive correlation was found between the IRS of OGA and the percentage of postchemotherapeutic tumor necrosis (r=0.308; P=0.017). Univariate analysis revealed significantly lower OGA IRS in metastatic patients (P=0.020) and poor chemotherapeutic-responder patients (P=0.001). By multivariate analysis, presence of tumor metastasis (P=0.002) and lower OGA IRS (P=0.004) was significantly associated with shorter overall survival. Subgroup analysis in stage IIB osteosarcoma (n=70) demonstrated that male sex (P=0.019), presence of tumor recurrence (P=0.026), poor chemotherapeutic responder (P=0.022), and lower OGA IRS (P=0.019) were significantly correlated with short metastasis-free survival. But, lower OGA IRS was the only independent predictor for short metastasis-free survival (P=0.006). Our findings suggested that O-GlcNAc pathway, especially OGA, may involve in pathogenesis and aggressiveness of osteosarcoma. Low level of OGA expression may be used as a poor prognostic indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamonwan Sombutthaweesri
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry Department of Pathology Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center (MSTR) Omics Center for Health Sciences (OCHS) Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Xing X, Wang H, Niu T, Jiang Y, Shi X, Liu K. RUNX1 can mediate the glucose and O-GlcNAc-driven proliferation and migration of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9:9/1/e001898. [PMID: 34348917 PMCID: PMC8340280 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to determine whether high glucose condition and dynamic O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification can promote the proliferation and migration of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) and whether Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) could mediate the glucose and O-GlcNAc-driven proliferation and migration of HRMECs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Western blot analysis was used to detect the O-GlcNAc modification level and RUNX1 level in cells and retina tissues, cell growth was studied by cell counting kit-8 assay, cell proliferation was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Then, cell migration and tube formation were investigated by scratch-wound assay, Transwell assay, and tube-forming assay. The changes of retinal structure were detected by H&E staining. The O-GlcNAc modification of RUNX1 was detected by immunoprecipitation. RESULTS High glucose increases pan-cellular O-GlcNAc modification and the proliferation and migration of HRMECs. Hence, O-GlcNAc modification is critical for the proliferation and migration of HRMECs. RUNX1 mediates the glucose and O-GlcNAc-driven proliferation and migration in HRMECs. RUNX1 can be modified by O-GlcNAc, and that the modification is enhanced in a high glucose environment. CONCLUSIONS The present study reveals that high glucose condition directly affects retinal endothelial cells (EC) function, and O-GlcNAc modification is critical for the proliferation and migration of HRMECs, RUNX1 may take part in this mechanism, and maybe the function of RUNX1 is related to its O-GlcNAc modification level, which provides a new perspective for studying the mechanism of RUNX1 in diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindan Xing
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanying Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Niu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
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22
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Nakajima H, Murakami K. O-GlcNAcylation: Implications in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Exp Hematol 2021; 101-102:16-24. [PMID: 34302904 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational protein modification through addition of the O-linked β-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety to serine or threonine residues, termed O-GlcNAcylation, is a highly dynamic process conserved throughout eukaryotes. O-GlcNAcylation is reversibly catalyzed by a single pair of enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase, and it acts as a fundamental regulator for a wide variety of biological processes including gene expression, cell cycle regulation, metabolism, stress response, cellular signaling, epigenetics, and proteostasis. O-GlcNAcylation is regulated by various intracellular or extracellular cues such as metabolic status, nutrient availability, and stress. Studies over decades have unveiled the profound biological significance of this unique protein modification in normal physiology and pathologic processes of diverse cell types or tissues. In hematopoiesis, recent studies have indicated the essential and pleiotropic roles of O-GlcNAcylation in differentiation, proliferation, and function of hematopoietic cells including T cells, B cells, myeloid progenitors, and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Moreover, aberrant O-GlcNAcylation is implicated in the development of hematologic malignancies with dysregulated epigenetics, metabolism, and gene transcription. Thus, it is now recognized that O-GlcNAcylation is one of the key regulators of normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Nakajima
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Koichi Murakami
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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23
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Wang L, Feng Y, Zhang C, Chen X, Huang H, Li W, Zhang J, Liu Y. Upregulation of OGT by Caveolin-1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and invasion. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2251-2263. [PMID: 34288245 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1), a major structural protein of caveolae, is reported to exert a positive regulatory effect on tumor growth and to play a crucial role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell metastasis by regulating glycosyltransferase expression and cellular glycosylation. However, the role of CAV1 in modulating protein glycosylation and tumor metastasis remains to be further elucidated. In the present study, we showed that CAV1 promoted the expression of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which catalyzed the addition of O-GlcNAc residues to a variety of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. In human HCC cell lines with different metastatic potentials, high levels of OGT and cellular O-GlcNAcylation were associated with CAV1 expression and cell metastasis. Overexpression of CAV1 increased the levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation, and cell migration was also increased. Furthermore, CAV1 was found to reduce the expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) in HCC cells. Subsequently, this effect resulted in the attenuation of the RUNX2-induced transcription of microRNA24 (miR24), a microRNA previously shown to suppress OGT mRNA expression by targeting its 3' untranslated regions (UTR). Finally, we demonstrated that CAV1 induced cellular O-GlcNAcylation and HCC cell invasion. This study provides evidence of CAV1-mediated increases in OGT expression and O-GlcNAcylation. These data provide insight into a novel mechanism underlying HCC metastasis and suggest a novel strategy for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Xixi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Wenli Li
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Yubo Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
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24
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Li X, Wu Z, He J, Jin Y, Chu C, Cao Y, Gu F, Wang H, Hou C, Liu X, Zou Q. OGT regulated O-GlcNAcylation promotes papillary thyroid cancer malignancy via activating YAP. Oncogene 2021; 40:4859-4871. [PMID: 34155345 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer is growing rapidly during the past decades worldwide. Although most thyroid tumors are curable, some patients diagnosed with distant metastases are associated with poor prognosis. The molecular mechanisms underlying these cases are still largely unknown. Here we found that the upregulated O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase (OGT) expression and O-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) modification in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) were essential in tumor growth and metastasis. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that YAP was the effector protein modified by OGT. In details, YAP Ser109 O-GlcNAcylation promoted the malignant phenotypes in PTC cells by inducing YAP Ser127 dephosphorylation and activation. Our work clearly showed the critical role of OGT and YAP played in PTC tumors and made it possible for us to seek the clinical potential of manipulating OGT/YAP activity in PTC targeted therapies. These findings also confirmed OGT worked in collaboration with classical Hippo pathway kinases as an upstream regulator of YAP in PTC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhengming Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jing He
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yiting Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chengyu Chu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yun Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Fei Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hongying Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chenjian Hou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuping Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiang Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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25
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Na HJ, Akan I, Abramowitz LK, Hanover JA. Nutrient-Driven O-GlcNAcylation Controls DNA Damage Repair Signaling and Stem/Progenitor Cell Homeostasis. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107632. [PMID: 32402277 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem/progenitor cells exhibit high proliferation rates, elevated nutrient uptake, altered metabolic flux, and stress-induced genome instability. O-GlcNAcylation is an essential post-translational modification mediated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which act in a nutrient- and stress-responsive manner. The precise role of O-GlcNAc in adult stem cells and the relationship between O-GlcNAc and the DNA damage response (DDR) is poorly understood. Here, we show that hyper-O-GlcNacylation leads to elevated insulin signaling, hyperproliferation, and DDR activation that mimic the glucose- and oxidative-stress-induced response. We discover a feedback mechanism involving key downstream effectors of DDR, ATM, ATR, and CHK1/2 that regulates OGT stability to promote O-GlcNAcylation and elevate DDR. This O-GlcNAc-dependent regulatory pathway is critical for maintaining gut homeostasis in Drosophila and the DDR in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Our findings reveal a conserved mechanistic link among O-GlcNAc cycling, stem cell self-renewal, and DDR with profound implications for stem-cell-derived diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Na
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ilhan Akan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lara K Abramowitz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John A Hanover
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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26
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Morales MM, Pedowitz NJ, Pratt MR. O-GlcNAc modification of MYPT1 modulates lysophosphatidic acid-induced cell contraction in fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100800. [PMID: 34019870 PMCID: PMC8191289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thousands of proteins have been found to be modified by O-GlcNAc, a common glycosylation modification of serine and threonine residues throughout the cytosol and nucleus. O-GlcNAc is enzymatically added and removed from proteins, making it a potential dynamic regulator of cell signaling. However, compared with other posttranslational modifications like phosphorylation, relatively few O-GlcNAc-regulated pathways have been discovered and biochemically characterized. We previously discovered one such pathway, where O-GlcNAc controls the contraction of fibroblasts initiated by the signaling lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate. Specifically, we found that O-GlcNAc modification of the phosphatase MYPT1 maintains its activity, resulting in dephosphorylation and deactivation of the myosin light chain of the actinomyosin complex. Another signaling lipid that leads to contraction of fibroblasts is lysophosphatidic acid, and this signaling pathway also converges on MYPT1 and actinomyosin. We therefore rationalized that O-GlcNAc would also control this pathway. Here, we used a combination of small molecule inhibitors, 2D and 3D cell cultures, and biochemistry to confirm our hypothesis. Specifically, we found that O-GlcNAc levels control the sensitivity of mouse and primary human dermal fibroblasts to lysophosphatidic acid–induced contraction in culture and the phosphorylation of MLC and that MYPT1 O-GlcNAc modification is responsible. These findings further solidify the importance of O-GlcNAc in regulating the biology of fibroblasts in response to procontractile stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle M Morales
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nichole J Pedowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Matthew R Pratt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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27
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Pedowitz NJ, Zaro BW, Pratt MR. Metabolic Labeling for the Visualization and Identification of Potentially O-GlcNAc-Modified Proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 12:e81. [PMID: 32289208 DOI: 10.1002/cpch.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification involving the addition of the single monosaccharide N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) onto serine and threonine residues of intracellular proteins. Though O-GlcNAc is found on ∼1000 proteins in mammals, its specific function on individual substrates remains largely a mystery. To overcome this shortcoming, work has been put toward developing metabolic chemical reporters (MCRs) to label O-GlcNAcylated proteins for subsequent biochemical analysis. Typically, these MCRs are GlcNAc or GalNAc analogs functionalized with azide or alkyne handles. These unnatural sugar moieties can be metabolically incorporated directly on to protein substrates. The protocols outlined in this article describe how to use MCRs as tools for visualizing and identifying potentially O-GlcNAc modified proteins via in-gel fluorescence, Western blotting, and mass spectrometry. Taken together, MCR labeling provides a powerful tool to discover where and when substrates are O-GlcNAc modified. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Basic Protocol 1: Treatment of cells and CuAAC Basic Protocol 2: In-gel fluorescence of labeled cell lysates (1 mg scale) Basic Protocol 3: Enrichment of labeled proteins, trypsinolysis, and collection of peptides for proteomics Basic Protocol 4: Proteomic identification of labeled proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole J Pedowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Balyn W Zaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and The Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Matthew R Pratt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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28
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Xiang J, Chen C, Liu R, Gou D, Chang L, Deng H, Gao Q, Zhang W, Tuo L, Pan X, Liang L, Xia J, Huang L, Yao K, Wang B, Hu Z, Huang A, Wang K, Tang N. Gluconeogenic enzyme PCK1 deficiency promotes CHK2 O-GlcNAcylation and hepatocellular carcinoma growth upon glucose deprivation. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:144703. [PMID: 33690219 DOI: 10.1172/jci144703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancer cells are frequently faced with a nutrient- and oxygen-poor microenvironment, elevated hexosamine-biosynthesis pathway (HBP) activity and protein O-GlcNAcylation (a nutrient sensor) contribute to rapid growth of tumor and are emerging hallmarks of cancer. Inhibiting O-GlcNAcylation could be a promising anticancer strategy. The gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) is downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, little is known about the potential role of PCK1 in enhanced HBP activity and HCC carcinogenesis under glucose-limited conditions. In this study, PCK1 knockout markedly enhanced the global O-GlcNAcylation levels under low-glucose conditions. Mechanistically, metabolic reprogramming in PCK1-loss hepatoma cells led to oxaloacetate accumulation and increased de novo uridine triphosphate synthesis contributing to uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) biosynthesis. Meanwhile, deletion of PCK1 also resulted in AMPK-GFAT1 axis inactivation, promoting UDP-GlcNAc synthesis for elevated O-GlcNAcylation. Notably, lower expression of PCK1 promoted CHK2 threonine 378 O-GlcNAcylation, counteracting its stability and dimer formation, increasing CHK2-dependent Rb phosphorylation and HCC cell proliferation. Moreover, aminooxyacetic acid hemihydrochloride and 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine blocked HBP-mediated O-GlcNAcylation and suppressed tumor progression in liver-specific Pck1-knockout mice. We reveal a link between PCK1 depletion and hyper-O-GlcNAcylation that underlies HCC oncogenesis and suggest therapeutic targets for HCC that act by inhibiting O-GlcNAcylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and
| | - Dongmei Gou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and
| | - Lei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Haijun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and
| | - Qingzhu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Tuo
- Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuanming Pan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and
| | - Li Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and
| | - Jie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and
| | - Luyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and
| | - Ke Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bohong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and
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29
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Weiss M, Loi EM, Sterle M, Balsollier C, Tomašič T, Pieters RJ, Gobec M, Anderluh M. New Quinolinone O-GlcNAc Transferase Inhibitors Based on Fragment Growth. Front Chem 2021; 9:666122. [PMID: 33937202 PMCID: PMC8079942 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.666122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is an important post-translational and metabolic process in cells that must be carefully regulated. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is ubiquitously present in cells and is the only enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of O-GlcNAc to proteins. OGT is a promising target in various pathologies such as cancer, immune system diseases, or nervous impairment. In our previous work we identified the 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxamide derivatives as promising compounds by a fragment-based drug design approach. Herein, we report the extension of this first series with several new fragments. As the most potent fragment, we identified 3b with an IC50 value of 116.0 μM. If compared with the most potent inhibitor of the first series, F20 (IC50 = 117.6 μM), we can conclude that the new fragments did not improve OGT inhibition remarkably. Therefore, F20 was used as the basis for the design of a series of compounds with the elongation toward the O-GlcNAc binding pocket as the free carboxylate allows easy conjugation. Compound 6b with an IC50 value of 144.5 μM showed the most potent OGT inhibition among the elongated compounds, but it loses inhibition potency when compared to the UDP mimetic F20. We therefore assume that the binding of the compounds in the O-GlcNAc binding pocket is likely not crucial for OGT inhibition. Furthermore, evaluation of the compounds with two different assays revealed that some inhibitors most likely interfere with the commercially available UDP-Glo™ glycosyltransferase assay, leading to false positive results. This observation calls for caution, when evaluating UDP mimetic as OGT inhibitors with the UDP-Glo™ glycosyltransferase assay, as misinterpretations can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Weiss
- The Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Elena M Loi
- The Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maša Sterle
- The Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Cyril Balsollier
- The Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- The Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roland J Pieters
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Martina Gobec
- The Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Anderluh
- The Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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30
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The Effects of Quercetin on the Gene Expression of Arginine Metabolism Key Enzymes in Human Embryonic Kidney 293 Cells. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.101957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Arginine metabolism is an important factor involved in tumorigenesis, progression, and survival of tumor cells. Besides, other metabolites produced in the arginine metabolism process, such as polyamines, nitric oxide, argininosuccinate, and agmatine, play key roles in different stages of tumor development. On the other hand, herbal metabolites are widely used to treat cancer. One of these herbal flavonoids is quercetin. Methods: In this study, according to MTT assay data, two concentrations of quercetin flavonoid were selected (57.5 and 115 µM) to treat human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. Then RNA was extracted from the cells and used as a template for cDNA synthesis. Using real-time PCR, the expression of key enzymes involved in arginine metabolism was evaluated, including arginase 2 (Arg2), ornithine carbamoyl transferase (OTC), agmatinase (AGMAT), arginase 1 (Arg1), nitric oxide synthase 1 (nNOS), arginine decarboxylase (ADC), ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC), ornithine carbamoyl transferase (OCT), spermidine synthase (SRM), spermine synthase (SMS), argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1), and argininosuccinate lyase (ASL). The Student t-test was used to analyze the data considering a P value of < 0.05 as the significance level. Results: Our results indicated significant changes in the expression of arginine metabolism enzymes after quercetin exposure, confirming a role for quercetin plant flavonoid in regulating arginine metabolism in HEK293 cells. Conclusions: Quercetin could alter the gene expression of the key enzymes involved in arginine metabolism. This was the first study investigating the effects of quercetin on arginine metabolism in HEK293 cells.
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O-GlcNAcylation and O-GlcNAc Cycling Regulate Gene Transcription: Emerging Roles in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071666. [PMID: 33916244 PMCID: PMC8037238 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification (PTM) linking nutrient flux through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) to gene transcription. Mounting experimental and clinical data implicates aberrant O-GlcNAcylation in the development and progression of cancer. Herein, we discuss how alteration of O-GlcNAc-regulated transcriptional mechanisms leads to atypical gene expression in cancer. We discuss the challenges associated with studying O-GlcNAc function and present several new approaches for studies of O-GlcNAc-regulated transcription. Abstract O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a single sugar post-translational modification (PTM) of intracellular proteins linking nutrient flux through the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway (HBP) to the control of cis-regulatory elements in the genome. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation is associated with the development, progression, and alterations in gene expression in cancer. O-GlcNAc cycling is defined as the addition and subsequent removal of the modification by O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) provides a novel method for cells to regulate various aspects of gene expression, including RNA polymerase function, epigenetic dynamics, and transcription factor activity. We will focus on the complex relationship between phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation in the regulation of the RNA Polymerase II (RNAP II) pre-initiation complex and the regulation of the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNAP II via the synchronous actions of OGT, OGA, and kinases. Additionally, we discuss how O-GlcNAcylation of TATA-box binding protein (TBP) alters cellular metabolism. Next, in a non-exhaustive manner, we will discuss the current literature on how O-GlcNAcylation drives gene transcription in cancer through changes in transcription factor or chromatin remodeling complex functions. We conclude with a discussion of the challenges associated with studying O-GlcNAcylation and present several new approaches for studying O-GlcNAc regulated transcription that will advance our understanding of the role of O-GlcNAc in cancer.
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Pedowitz NJ, Pratt MR. Design and Synthesis of Metabolic Chemical Reporters for the Visualization and Identification of Glycoproteins. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:306-321. [PMID: 34337414 PMCID: PMC8323544 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation events play an invaluable role in regulating cellular processes including enzymatic activity, immune recognition, protein stability, and cell-cell interactions. However, researchers have yet to realize the full range of glycan mediated biological functions due to a lack of appropriate chemical tools. Fortunately, the past 25 years has seen the emergence of modified sugar analogs, termed metabolic chemical reporters (MCRs), which are metabolized by endogenous enzymes to label complex glycan structures. Here, we review the major reporters for each class of glycosylation and highlight recent applications that have made a tremendous impact on the field of glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole J Pedowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Matthew R Pratt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
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Verathamjamras C, Sriwitool TE, Netsirisawan P, Chaiyawat P, Chokchaichamnankit D, Prasongsook N, Srisomsap C, Svasti J, Champattanachai V. Aberrant RL2 O-GlcNAc antibody reactivity against serum-IgA1 of patients with colorectal cancer. Glycoconj J 2021; 38:55-65. [PMID: 33608772 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-09978-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation, a single attachment of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) on serine and threonine residues, plays important roles in normal and pathobiological states of many diseases. Aberrant expression of O-GlcNAc modification was found in many types of cancer including colorectal cancer (CRC). This modification mainly occurs in nuclear-cytoplasmic proteins; however, it can exist in some extracellular and secretory proteins. In this study, we investigated whether O-GlcNAc-modified proteins are present in serum of patients with CRC. Serum glycoproteins of CRC patients and healthy controls were enriched by wheat germ agglutinin, a glycan binding protein specifically binds to terminal GlcNAc and sialic acid. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, RL2 O-GlcNAc immunoblotting, affinity purification, and mass spectrometry were performed. The results showed that RL2 O-GlcNAc antibody predominantly reacted against serum immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1). The levels of RL2-reacted IgA were significantly increased while total IgA were not different in patients with CRC compared to those of healthy controls. Analyses by ion trap mass spectrometry using collision-induced dissociation and electron-transfer dissociation modes revealed one O-linked N-acetylhexosamine modification site at Ser268 located in the heavy constant region of IgA1; unfortunately, it cannot be discriminated whether it was N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine because of their identical molecular mass. Although failed to demonstrate unequivocally it was O-GlcNAc, these data indicated that serum-IgA had an aberrantly increased reactivity against RL2 O-GlcNAc antibody in CRC patients. This specific glycosylated form of serum-IgA1 will expand the spectrum of aberrant glycosylation which provides valuable information to cancer glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Verathamjamras
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Tanin-Ek Sriwitool
- Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | | | - Parunya Chaiyawat
- Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand.,Muscoloskeletal Science and Translational Research (MSTR) Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Naiyarat Prasongsook
- Divison of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Chantragan Srisomsap
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.,Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Voraratt Champattanachai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand. .,Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand.
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Chen Y, Liu J, Zhang W, Kadier A, Wang R, Zhang H, Yao X. O-GlcNAcylation Enhances NUSAP1 Stability and Promotes Bladder Cancer Aggressiveness. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:445-454. [PMID: 33488099 PMCID: PMC7815093 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s258175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective NUSAPl and O-GlcNAcylation were reported to be hyper-activated in many kinds of cancers and involved in the advanced progression of cancers. In bladder cancer, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) expresses in patients' urine samples, with no expression in healthy individuals, indicating O-GlcNAcylation might involve in the occurrence and development of bladder cancer. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effects of O-GlcNAcylation in bladder cancer and if it can regulate NUSAP1 protein. Materials and Methods Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and PCR were used to evaluate the protein expression and mRNA level of NUSAP1; CCK-8 and flow cytometry used to evaluate the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of bladder cancer. Results The results showed that NUSAP1 was highly expressed in bladder cancer cells and tissue samples. NUSAP1 up-regulation significantly promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of bladder cancer HT-1376 and T24 cells. Besides, the expression of O-GlcNAc was elevated in bladder cancer tissues and cells, and up-regulation of O-GlcNAc with GlcNAc and PuGNAc obviously increased NUSAP1 protein expression and stability. Moreover, knockdown OGT significantly inhibited the proliferation and tumorigenesis and promoted the apoptosis of bladder cancer cells, confirmed by CCK-8, in vivo xenotransplantation, and flow cytometry, whereas these roles were impaired when NUSAP1 was up-regulated. Conclusion Overall, our study makes clear that hyper-O-GlcNAcylation accelerates bladder cancer progression through promotion of NUSAP1 expression and its stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimaitiaji Kadier
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiliang Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Haimin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
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Harris RBS. Consuming sucrose solution promotes leptin resistance and site specifically modifies hypothalamic leptin signaling in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 320:R182-R194. [PMID: 33206557 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00238.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rats consuming 30% sucrose solution and a sucrose-free diet (LiqS) become leptin resistant, whereas rats consuming sucrose from a formulated diet (HS) remain leptin responsive. This study tested whether leptin resistance in LiqS rats extended beyond a failure to inhibit food intake and examined leptin responsiveness in the hypothalamus and hindbrain of rats offered HS, LiqS, or a sucrose-free diet (NS). Female LiqS Sprague-Dawley rats initially only partially compensated for the calories consumed as sucrose, but energy intake matched that of HS and NS rats when they were transferred to calorimetry cages. There was no effect of diet on energy expenditure, intrascapular brown fat tissue (IBAT) temperature, or fat pad weight. A peripheral injection of 2 mg of leptin/kg on day 23 or day 26 inhibited energy intake of HS and NS but not LiqS rats. Inhibition occurred earlier in HS rats than in NS rats and was associated with a smaller meal size. Leptin had no effect on energy expenditure but caused a transient rise in IBAT temperature of HS rats. Leptin increased the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) in the hindbrain and ventromedial hypothalamus of all rats. There was a minimal effect of leptin in the arcuate nucleus, and only the dorsomedial hypothalamus showed a correlation between pSTAT3 and leptin responsiveness. These data suggest that the primary response to leptin is inhibition of food intake and the pattern of sucrose consumption, rather than calories consumed as sucrose, causes leptin resistance associated with site-specific differences in hypothalamic leptin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth B S Harris
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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O-GlcNAc stabilizes SMAD4 by inhibiting GSK-3β-mediated proteasomal degradation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19908. [PMID: 33199824 PMCID: PMC7670456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification which occurs on the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine residues of nucleocytoplasmic proteins. It has been reported that the presence of this single sugar motif regulates various biological events by altering the fate of target proteins, such as their function, localization, and degradation. This study identified SMAD4 as a novel O-GlcNAc-modified protein. SMAD4 is a component of the SMAD transcriptional complex, a major regulator of the signaling pathway for the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). TGF-β is a powerful promoter of cancer EMT and metastasis. This study showed that the amount of SMAD4 proteins changes according to cellular O-GlcNAc levels in human lung cancer cells. This observation was made based on the prolonged half-life of SMAD4 proteins. The mechanism behind this interaction was that O-GlcNAc impeded interactions between SMAD4 and GSK-3β which promote proteasomal degradation of SMAD4. In addition, O-GlcNAc modification on SMAD4 Thr63 was responsible for stabilization. As a result, defects in O-GlcNAcylation on SMAD4 Thr63 attenuated the reporter activity of luciferase, the TGF-β-responsive SMAD binding element (SBE). This study’s findings imply that cellular O-GlcNAc may regulate the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway by stabilizing SMAD4.
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Prognostic Role of Serum Amino Acids in Head and Neck Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:2291759. [PMID: 33082883 PMCID: PMC7556086 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2291759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Serum amino acid (AA) profiles represent a valuable tool in the metabolic assessment of cancer patients; still, information on the AA pattern in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients is insufficient. The aim of the study was to assess whether serum AA levels were associated with the stage of neoplastic disease and prognosis in primary HNC patients. Methods Two hundred and two primary HNC patients were included in the study. Thirty-one AAs and derivatives were measured in serum through an ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). The association between AA concentrations and the stage (advanced versus early) of HNC was estimated using a multivariable logistic regression model. A multivariable Cox regression model was used to evaluate the prognostic significance of each AA. Results At the multivariable logistic regression analysis, increased levels of alpha-aminobutyric acid, aminoadipic acid, histidine, proline, and tryptophan were associated with a reduced risk of advanced stage HNC, while high levels of beta-alanine, beta-aminobutyric acid, ethanolamine, glycine, isoleucine, 4-hydroxyproline, and phenylalanine were associated with an increased risk of advanced stage HNC. Furthermore, at multivariate analysis, increased levels of alpha-aminobutyric acid were associated with increased overall survival (OS), while high levels of arginine, ethanolamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, 4-hydroxyproline, leucine, lysine, 3-methylhistidine, phenylalanine, and serine were associated with decreased OS. Conclusions Our study suggests that AA levels are associated with the stage of disease and prognosis in patients with HNC. More study is necessary to evaluate if serum AA levels may be considered a hallmark of HNC and prove to be clinically useful markers of disease status and prognosis in HNC patients.
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38
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Li Z, Sun X. Non-Coding RNAs Operate in the Crosstalk Between Cancer Metabolic Reprogramming and Metastasis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:810. [PMID: 32547948 PMCID: PMC7273922 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis, the spread of cancer cells from a primary tumor to a secondary site, represents one of the hallmarks of malignancies and the leading cause of cancer-related death. The process of metastasis is a result of the interaction of genetic heterogeneity, abnormal metabolism, and tumor microenvironments. On the other hand, metabolic reprogramming, another malignancy hallmark, refers to the ability of cancer cells to alter metabolic and nutrient acquisition modes in order to support the energy demands for accomplishing the rapid growth, dissemination, and colonization. Cancer cells remodel metabolic patterns to supplement nutrients for their metastasis and also undergo metabolic adjustments at different stages of metastasis. Genes and signaling pathways involved in tumor metabolic reprogramming crosstalk with those participating in metastasis. Non-coding RNAs are a group of RNA molecules that do not code proteins but have pivotal biological functions. Some of microRNAs and lncRNAs, which are the two most extensively studied non-coding RNAs, have been identified to participate in regulating metabolic remodeling of glucose, lipid, glutamine, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial respiration, as well as the process of metastasis involving cell motility, transit in the circulation and growth at a new site. This article reviews recent progress on non-coding RNAs operating in the crosstalk between tumor metabolic reprogramming and metastasis, particularly those influencing metastasis through regulating metabolism, and the underlying mechanisms of how they exert their regulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Li
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueying Sun
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Walter LA, Lin YH, Halbrook CJ, Chuh KN, He L, Pedowitz NJ, Batt AR, Brennan CK, Stiles BL, Lyssiotis CA, Pratt MR. Inhibiting the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway Lowers O-GlcNAcylation Levels and Sensitizes Cancer to Environmental Stress. Biochemistry 2019; 59:3169-3179. [PMID: 31625393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The amounts of the intracellular glycosylation, O-GlcNAc modification, are increased in essentially all tumors when compared to healthy tissue, and lowering O-GlcNAcylation levels results in reduced tumorigenesis and increased cancer cell death. Therefore, the pharmacological reduction of O-GlcNAc may represent a therapeutic vulnerability. The most direct approach to this goal is the inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), the enzyme that directly adds the modification to proteins. However, despite some recent success, this enzyme has proven difficult to inhibit. An alternative strategy involves starving OGT of its sugar substrate UDP-GlcNAc by targeting enzymes of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). Here, we explore the potential of the rate-determining enzyme of this pathway, glutamine fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT). We first show that CRISPR-mediated knockout of GFAT results in inhibition of cancer cell growth in vitro and a xenograft model that correlates with O-GlcNAcylation levels. We then demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of GFAT sensitizes a small panel of cancer cells to undergo apoptosis in response to diamide-induced oxidative stress. Finally, we find that GFAT expression and O-GlcNAc levels are increased in a spontaneous mouse model of liver cancer. Together these experiments support the further development of inhibitors of the HBP as an indirect approach to lowering O-GlcNAcylation levels in cancer.
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Munemoto M, Mukaisho KI, Miyashita T, Oyama K, Haba Y, Okamoto K, Kinoshita J, Ninomiya I, Fushida S, Taniura N, Sugihara H, Fujimura T. Roles of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and pentose phosphate pathway in bile acid-induced cancer development. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2408-2420. [PMID: 31215094 PMCID: PMC6676276 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) as well as adenocarcinomas (EACs) were developed in rat duodenal contents reflux models (reflux model). The present study aimed to shed light on the mechanism by which bile acid stimulation causes cancer onset and progression. Metabolomics analyses were performed on samples of neoplastic and nonneoplastic tissues from reflux models, and K14D, cultivated from a nonmetastatic, primary ESCC, and ESCC‐DR, established from a metastatic thoracic lesion. ESCC‐DRtca2M was prepared by treating ESCC‐DR cells with taurocholic acid (TCA) to accelerate cancer progression. The lines were subjected to comprehensive genomic analyses. In addition, protein expression levels of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) (p65) and O‐linked N‐Acetylglucosamine (O‐GlcNAc) were compared among lines. Cancers developed in the reflux models exhibited greater hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) activation compared with the nonneoplastic tissues. Expression of O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT) increased considerably in both ESCC and EAC compared with nonneoplastic squamous epithelium. Conversely, cell line‐based experiments revealed the greater activation of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) at higher degrees of malignancy. G6PD overexpression in response to TCA exposure was observed. Both NF‐κB (p65) and O‐GlcNAc were expressed more highly in ESCC‐DRtca2M than in the other cell lines. Moreover, ESCC‐DRtca2M cells had additional chromosomal abnormalities in excess of ESCC‐DR cells. Overall, glucose metabolism was upregulated in both esophageal cancer tissue and cell lines. While bile acids are not mutagenic, chronic exposure seems to trigger NF‐κB(p65) activation, potentially inducing genetic mutations as well as facilitating carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Glucose metabolism was upregulated in both esophageal cancer tissue and cell lines, and the HBP was activated in the former. The cell line‐based experiments demonstrated upregulation of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) at higher degrees of malignancy. While bile acids are not mutagenic, chronic exposure seems to trigger G6PD overexpression and NF‐κB (p65) activation, potentially inducing genetic mutations as well as facilitating carcinogenesis and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Munemoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Mukaisho
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Miyashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsunobu Oyama
- Department of Surgery, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, Hakusan, Japan
| | - Yusuke Haba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Jun Kinoshita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Itasu Ninomiya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Sachio Fushida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naoko Taniura
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugihara
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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Tucker LH, Hamm GR, Sargeant RJE, Goodwin RJA, Mackay CL, Campbell CJ, Clarke DJ. Untargeted Metabolite Mapping in 3D Cell Culture Models Using High Spectral Resolution FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9522-9529. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu H. Tucker
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory R. Hamm
- Pathology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J. E. Sargeant
- Pathology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. A. Goodwin
- Pathology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - C. Logan Mackay
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J. Campbell
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Clarke
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
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The Diverse Functions of Non-Essential Amino Acids in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050675. [PMID: 31096630 PMCID: PMC6562791 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Far beyond simply being 11 of the 20 amino acids needed for protein synthesis, non-essential amino acids play numerous important roles in tumor metabolism. These diverse functions include providing precursors for the biosynthesis of macromolecules, controlling redox status and antioxidant systems, and serving as substrates for post-translational and epigenetic modifications. This functional diversity has sparked great interest in targeting non-essential amino acid metabolism for cancer therapy and has motivated the development of several therapies that are either already used in the clinic or are currently in clinical trials. In this review, we will discuss the important roles that each of the 11 non-essential amino acids play in cancer, how their metabolic pathways are linked, and how researchers are working to overcome the unique challenges of targeting non-essential amino acid metabolism for cancer therapy.
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Tammi MI, Oikari S, Pasonen-Seppänen S, Rilla K, Auvinen P, Tammi RH. Activated hyaluronan metabolism in the tumor matrix — Causes and consequences. Matrix Biol 2019; 78-79:147-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Makwana V, Ryan P, Patel B, Dukie SA, Rudrawar S. Essential role of O-GlcNAcylation in stabilization of oncogenic factors. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1302-1317. [PMID: 31034911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A reversible post-translational protein modification which involves addition of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) onto hydroxyl groups of serine and/or threonine residues which is known as O-GlcNAcylation, has emerged as a potent competitor of phosphorylation. This glycosyltransfer reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). This enzyme uses uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), the end product of hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, to modify numerous nuclear and cytosolic proteins. O-GlcNAcylation influences cancer cell metabolism in such a way that hyper-O-GlcNAcylation is considered as a prominent trait of many cancers, and is proposed as a major factor enabling cancer cell proliferation and progression. Growing evidence supports a connection between O-GlcNAcylation and major oncogenic factors, including for example, c-MYC, HIF-1α, and NF-κB. A comprehensive study of the roles of O-GlcNAc modification of oncogenic factors is warranted as a thorough understanding may help drive advances in cancer diagnosis and therapy. The focus of this article is to highlight the interplay between oncogenic factors and O-GlcNAcylation along with OGT in cancer cell proliferation and survival. The prospects for OGT inhibitors will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Makwana
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Philip Ryan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Bhautikkumar Patel
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Shailendra-Anoopkumar Dukie
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia.
| | - Santosh Rudrawar
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia.
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Abstract
In the early 1980s, while using purified glycosyltransferases to probe glycan structures on surfaces of living cells in the murine immune system, we discovered a novel form of serine/threonine protein glycosylation (O-linked β-GlcNAc; O-GlcNAc) that occurs on thousands of proteins within the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. Prior to this discovery, it was dogma that protein glycosylation was restricted to the luminal compartments of the secretory pathway and on extracellular domains of membrane and secretory proteins. Work in the last 3 decades from several laboratories has shown that O-GlcNAc cycling serves as a nutrient sensor to regulate signaling, transcription, mitochondrial activity, and cytoskeletal functions. O-GlcNAc also has extensive cross-talk with phosphorylation, not only at the same or proximal sites on polypeptides, but also by regulating each other's enzymes that catalyze cycling of the modifications. O-GlcNAc is generally not elongated or modified. It cycles on and off polypeptides in a time scale similar to phosphorylation, and both the enzyme that adds O-GlcNAc, the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), and the enzyme that removes O-GlcNAc, O-GlcNAcase (OGA), are highly conserved from C. elegans to humans. Both O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes are essential in mammals and plants. Due to O-GlcNAc's fundamental roles as a nutrient and stress sensor, it plays an important role in the etiologies of chronic diseases of aging, including diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease. This review will present an overview of our current understanding of O-GlcNAc's regulation, functions, and roles in chronic diseases of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald W Hart
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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Phoomak C, Park D, Silsirivanit A, Sawanyawisuth K, Vaeteewoottacharn K, Detarya M, Wongkham C, Lebrilla CB, Wongkham S. O-GlcNAc-induced nuclear translocation of hnRNP-K is associated with progression and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:338-357. [PMID: 30444036 PMCID: PMC6360360 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
O‐GlcNAcylation is a key post‐translational modification that modifies the functions of proteins. Associations between O‐GlcNAcylation, shorter survival of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients, and increased migration/invasion of CCA cell lines have been reported. However, the specific O‐GlcNAcylated proteins (OGPs) that participate in promotion of CCA progression are poorly understood. OGPs were isolated from human CCA cell lines, KKU‐213 and KKU‐214, using a click chemistry‐based enzymatic labeling system, identified using LC‐MS/MS, and searched against an OGP database. From the proteomic analysis, a total of 21 OGPs related to cancer progression were identified, of which 12 have not been previously reported. Among these, hnRNP‐K, a multifaceted RNA‐ and DNA‐binding protein known as a pre‐mRNA‐binding protein, was one of the most abundantly expressed, suggesting its involvement in CCA progression. O‐GlcNAcylation of hnRNP‐K was further verified by anti‐OGP/anti‐hnRNP‐K immunoprecipitations and sWGA pull‐down assays. The perpetuation of CCA by hnRNP‐K was evaluated using siRNA, which revealed modulation of cyclin D1, XIAP, EMT markers, and MMP2 and MMP7 expression. In native CCA cells, hnRNP‐K was primarily localized in the nucleus; however, when O‐GlcNAcylation was suppressed, hnRNP‐K was retained in the cytoplasm. These data signify an association between nuclear accumulation of hnRNP‐K and the migratory capabilities of CCA cells. In human CCA tissues, expression of nuclear hnRNP‐K was positively correlated with high O‐GlcNAcylation levels, metastatic stage, and shorter survival of CCA patients. This study demonstrates the significance of O‐GlcNAcylation on the nuclear translocation of hnRNP‐K and its impact on the progression of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatchai Phoomak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Dayoung Park
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Atit Silsirivanit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.,Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Kanlayanee Sawanyawisuth
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Kulthida Vaeteewoottacharn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.,Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Marutpong Detarya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Chaisiri Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | | | - Sopit Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.,Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
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47
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Jiang M, Xu B, Li X, Shang Y, Chu Y, Wang W, Chen D, Wu N, Hu S, Zhang S, Li M, Wu K, Yang X, Liang J, Nie Y, Fan D. O-GlcNAcylation promotes colorectal cancer metastasis via the miR-101-O-GlcNAc/EZH2 regulatory feedback circuit. Oncogene 2019; 38:301-316. [PMID: 30093632 PMCID: PMC6336687 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest cancers, and the 5-year survival rate of patients with metastasis is extremely low. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered essential for metastatic CRC, but the fundamental molecular basis underlying this effect remains unknown. Here, we identified that O-GlcNAcylation, a unique posttranslational modification (PTM) involved in cancer metabolic reprogramming, increased the metastatic capability of CRC. The levels of O-GlcNAcylation were increased in the metastatic CRC tissues and cell lines, which likely promoted the EMT by enhancing EZH2 protein stability and function. The CRC patients with higher levels of O-GlcNAcylation exhibited greater lymph node metastasis potential and lower overall survival. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assays revealed that both O-GlcNAcylation transferase (OGT) and EZH2 are posttranscriptionally inhibited by microRNA-101. In addition, O-GlcNAcylation and H3K27me3 modification in the miR-101 promoter region further inhibited the transcription of miR-101, resulting in the upregulation of OGT and EZH2 in metastatic CRC, thus forming a vicious cycle. In this study, we demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation, which is negatively regulated by microRNA-101, likely promotes CRC metastasis by enhancing EZH2 protein stability and function. Reducing O-GlcNAcylation may be a potential therapeutic strategy for metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzuo Jiang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Xu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yulong Shang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Chu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Chen
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Wu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sijun Hu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Song Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengbin Li
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Department of molecular cellular and developmental biology, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Jie Liang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Daiming Fan
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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48
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Darabedian N, Thompson JW, Chuh KN, Hsieh-Wilson LC, Pratt MR. Optimization of Chemoenzymatic Mass Tagging by Strain-Promoted Cycloaddition (SPAAC) for the Determination of O-GlcNAc Stoichiometry by Western Blotting. Biochemistry 2018; 57:5769-5774. [PMID: 30169966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic modification of intracellular proteins by O-linked β -N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) plays critical roles in many cellular processes. Although various methods have been developed for O-GlcNAc detection, there are few techniques for monitoring glycosylation stoichiometry and state (i.e., mono-, di-, etc., O-GlcNAcylated). Measuring the levels of O-GlcNAcylation on a given substrate protein is important for understanding the biology of this critical modification and for prioritizing substrates for functional studies. One powerful solution to this limitation involves the chemoenzymatic installation of polyethylene glycol polymers of defined molecular mass onto O-GlcNAcylated proteins. These "mass tags" produce shifts in protein migration during sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) that can be detected by Western blotting. Broad adoption of this method by the scientific community has been limited, however, by a lack of commercially available reagents and well-defined protein standards. Here, we develop a "click chemistry" approach to this method using entirely commercial reagents and confirm the accuracy of the approach using a semisynthetic O-GlcNAcylated protein. Our studies establish a new, expedited experimental workflow and standardized methods that can be readily utilized by non-experts to quantify the O-GlcNAc stoichiometry and state on endogenous proteins in any cell or tissue lysate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John W Thompson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | | | - Linda C Hsieh-Wilson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
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49
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Abstract
O-GlcNAc is an intracellular posttranslational modification that governs myriad cell biological processes and is dysregulated in human diseases. Despite this broad pathophysiological significance, the biochemical effects of most O-GlcNAcylation events remain uncharacterized. One prevalent hypothesis is that O-GlcNAc moieties may be recognized by "reader" proteins to effect downstream signaling. However, no general O-GlcNAc readers have been identified, leaving a considerable gap in the field. To elucidate O-GlcNAc signaling mechanisms, we devised a biochemical screen for candidate O-GlcNAc reader proteins. We identified several human proteins, including 14-3-3 isoforms, that bind O-GlcNAc directly and selectively. We demonstrate that 14-3-3 proteins bind O-GlcNAc moieties in human cells, and we present the structures of 14-3-3β/α and γ bound to glycopeptides, providing biophysical insights into O-GlcNAc-mediated protein-protein interactions. Because 14-3-3 proteins also bind to phospho-serine and phospho-threonine, they may integrate information from O-GlcNAc and O-phosphate signaling pathways to regulate numerous physiological functions.
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50
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Ghirardello M, Perrone D, Chinaglia N, Sádaba D, Delso I, Tejero T, Marchesi E, Fogagnolo M, Rafie K, van Aalten DMF, Merino P. UDP-GlcNAc Analogues as Inhibitors of O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT): Spectroscopic, Computational, and Biological Studies. Chemistry 2018. [PMID: 29513364 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of glycomimetics of UDP-GlcNAc, in which the β-phosphate has been replaced by either an alkyl chain or a triazolyl ring and the sugar moiety has been replaced by a pyrrolidine ring, has been synthesized by the application of different click-chemistry procedures. Their affinities for human O-GlcNAc transferase (hOGT) have been evaluated and studied both spectroscopically and computationally. The binding epitopes of the best ligands have been determined in solution by means of saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy. Experimental, spectroscopic, and computational results are in agreement, pointing out the essential role of the binding of β-phosphate. We have found that the loss of interactions from the β-phosphate can be counterbalanced by the presence of hydrophobic groups at a pyrroline ring acting as a surrogate of the carbohydrate unit. Two of the prepared glycomimetics show inhibition at a micromolar level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Ghirardello
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Daniela Perrone
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicola Chinaglia
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - David Sádaba
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio Delso
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tomas Tejero
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Marchesi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Fogagnolo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Karim Rafie
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Daan M F van Aalten
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Pedro Merino
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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