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Montgomery VA, Cain E, Styczynski MP, Prausnitz MR. Bacillus subtilis engineered for topical delivery of an antifungal agent. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293664. [PMID: 38032939 PMCID: PMC10688720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal skin infections are a common condition affecting 20-25 percent of the world population. While these conditions are treatable with regular application of an antifungal medication, we sought to develop a more convenient, longer-lasting topical antifungal platform that could increase patient adherence to treatment regimens by using Bacillus subtilis, a naturally antifungal bacteria found on the skin, for drug production and delivery. In this study, we engineered B. subtilis for increased production of the antifungal lipopeptide iturin A by overexpression of the pleiotropic regulator DegQ. The engineered strain had an over 200% increase in iturin A production as detected by HPLC, accompanied by slower growth but the same terminal cell density as determined by absorbance measurements of liquid culture. In an in vitro antifungal assay, we found that despite its higher iturin A production, the engineered strain was less effective at reducing the growth of a plug of the pathogenic fungus Trichophyton mentagrophytes on an agar plate compared to the parent strain. The reduced efficacy of the engineered strain may be explained by its reduced growth rate, which highlights the need to address trade-offs between titers (e.g. measured drug production) and other figures of merit (e.g. growth rate) during metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica A. Montgomery
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Emory University and Georgia Tech, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ethan Cain
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Mark P. Styczynski
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Mark R. Prausnitz
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Emory University and Georgia Tech, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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2
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Pilz M, Cavelius P, Qoura F, Awad D, Brück T. Lipopeptides development in cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications: A comprehensive review. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108210. [PMID: 37460047 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipopeptides are surface active, natural products of bacteria, fungi and green-blue algae origin, having diverse structures and functionalities. In analogy, a number of chemical synthesis techniques generated new designer lipopeptides with desirable features and functions. Lipopetides are self-assembly guided, supramolecular compounds which have the capacity of high-density presentation of the functional epitopes at the surface of the nanostructures. This feature contributes to their successful application in several industry sectors, including food, feed, personal care, and pharmaceutics. In this comprehensive review, the novel class of ribosomally synthesized lipopeptides is introduced alongside the more commonly occuring non-ribosomal lipopeptides. We highlight key representatives of the most researched as well as recently described lipopeptide families, with emphasis on structural features, self-assembly and associated functions. The common biological, chemical and hybrid production routes of lipopeptides, including prominent analogues and derivatives are also discussed. Furthermore, genetic engineering strategies aimed at increasing lipopeptide yields, diversity and biological activity are summarized and exemplified. With respect to application, this work mainly details the potential of lipopeptides in personal care and cosmetics industry as cleansing agents, moisturizer, anti-aging/anti-wrinkling, skin whitening and preservative agents as well as the pharmaceutical industry as anitimicrobial agents, vaccines, immunotherapy, and cancer drugs. Given that this review addresses human applications, we conclude on the topic of safety of lipopeptide formulations and their sustainable production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Pilz
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Philipp Cavelius
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Farah Qoura
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dania Awad
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Thomas Brück
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany.
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3
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Müll M, Pourmasoumi F, Wehrhan L, Nosovska O, Stephan P, Zeihe H, Vilotijevic I, Keller BG, Kries H. Biosynthetic incorporation of fluorinated amino acids into the nonribosomal peptide gramicidin S. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:692-697. [PMID: 37654511 PMCID: PMC10467612 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00061c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorine is a key element in medicinal chemistry, as it can significantly enhance the pharmacological properties of drugs. In this study, we aimed to biosynthetically produce fluorinated analogues of the antimicrobial cyclic decapeptide gramicidin S (GS). However, our results show that the A-domain of the NRPS module GrsA rejects 4-fluorinated analogues of its native substrate Phe due to an interrupted T-shaped aromatic interaction in the binding pocket. We demonstrate that GrsA mutant W239S improves the incorporation of 4-fluorinated Phe into GS both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings provide new insights into the behavior of NRPSs towards fluorinated amino acids and strategies for the engineered biosynthesis of fluorinated peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Müll
- Junior Research Group Biosynthetic Design of Natural Products, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI Jena) Jena 07745 Germany
| | - Farzaneh Pourmasoumi
- Junior Research Group Biosynthetic Design of Natural Products, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI Jena) Jena 07745 Germany
| | - Leon Wehrhan
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Arnimallee 20 Berlin 14195 Germany
| | - Olena Nosovska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstr. 10 Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Philipp Stephan
- Junior Research Group Biosynthetic Design of Natural Products, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI Jena) Jena 07745 Germany
| | - Hannah Zeihe
- Junior Research Group Biosynthetic Design of Natural Products, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI Jena) Jena 07745 Germany
| | - Ivan Vilotijevic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstr. 10 Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Bettina G Keller
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Arnimallee 20 Berlin 14195 Germany
| | - Hajo Kries
- Junior Research Group Biosynthetic Design of Natural Products, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI Jena) Jena 07745 Germany
- University of Bayreuth, Organic Chemistry I Bayreuth 95440 Germany
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Miles SA, Nillama JA, Hunter L. Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy: The Diverse Roles That Fluorine Can Play within Amino Acid Side Chains. Molecules 2023; 28:6192. [PMID: 37687021 PMCID: PMC10489206 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Side chain-fluorinated amino acids are useful tools in medicinal chemistry and protein science. In this review, we outline some general strategies for incorporating fluorine atom(s) into amino acid side chains and for elaborating such building blocks into more complex fluorinated peptides and proteins. We then describe the diverse benefits that fluorine can offer when located within amino acid side chains, including enabling 19F NMR and 18F PET imaging applications, enhancing pharmacokinetic properties, controlling molecular conformation, and optimizing target-binding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luke Hunter
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia
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5
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Production and MS-MS analysis of new fluorinated surfactins from a Chinese Bacillus subtilis isolate. J Fluor Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Gimenez D, Phelan A, Murphy CD, Cobb SL. 19F NMR as a tool in chemical biology. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:293-318. [PMID: 33564338 PMCID: PMC7849273 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reviewed the use of 19F NMR in the broad field of chemical biology [Cobb, S. L.; Murphy, C. D. J. Fluorine Chem. 2009, 130, 132-140] and present here a summary of the literature from the last decade that has the technique as the central method of analysis. The topics covered include the synthesis of new fluorinated probes and their incorporation into macromolecules, the application of 19F NMR to monitor protein-protein interactions, protein-ligand interactions, physiologically relevant ions and in the structural analysis of proteins and nucleic acids. The continued relevance of the technique to investigate biosynthesis and biodegradation of fluorinated organic compounds is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gimenez
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH13LE, UK
| | - Aoife Phelan
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Cormac D Murphy
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Steven L Cobb
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH13LE, UK
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Théatre A, Hoste ACR, Rigolet A, Benneceur I, Bechet M, Ongena M, Deleu M, Jacques P. Bacillus sp.: A Remarkable Source of Bioactive Lipopeptides. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 181:123-179. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2021_182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Telfer TJ, Codd R. Fluorinated Analogues of Desferrioxamine B from Precursor-Directed Biosynthesis Provide New Insight into the Capacity of DesBCD. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2456-2471. [PMID: 30081629 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFOB, 1) native to Streptomyces pilosus is biosynthesized by the DesABCD enzyme cluster. DesA-mediated decarboxylation of l-lysine gives 1,5-diaminopentane (DP) for processing by DesBCD. S. pilosus culture medium was supplemented with rac-1,4-diamino-2-fluorobutane ( rac-FDB) to compete against DP to generate fluorinated analogues of DFOB, as agents of potential clinical interest. LC-MS/MS analysis identified fluorinated analogues of DFOB with one, two, or three DP units (binary notation: 0) exchanged for one (DFOA-F1[001] (2), DFOA-F1[010] (3), DFOA-F1[100] (4)), two (DFOA-F2[011] (5), DFOA-F2[110] (6), DFOA-F2[101] (7)), or three (DFOA-F3[111] (8)) rac-FDB units (binary notation: 1). The two sets of constitutional isomers 2-4 and 5-7 arose from the position of the substrates in the N-acetyl, internal, or amine-containing regions of the DFOB trimer. N-Acetylated fluorinated DFOB analogues were formed where the rac-FDB substrate was positioned in the amine region ( e.g., N-Ac-DFOA-F1[001] (2a)). Other analogues contained two hydroxamic acid groups and three amide bonds. Experiments using rac-FDB, R-FDB, or S-FDB showed a similar species profile between rac-FDB and R-FDB. These data are consistent with the following. (i) DesB can act on rac-FDB. (ii) DesC can act directly on rac-FDB. (iii) The products of DesBC or DesC catalysis of rac-FDB can undergo a second round of DesC catalysis at the free amine. (iv) DesD catalysis of these products gives N, N'-diacetylated compounds. (v) A minimum of two hydroxamic acid groups is required to form a viable DesD-substrate(s) precomplex. (vi) One or more DesBCD-catalyzed steps in DFOB biosynthesis is enantioselective. This work has provided a potential path to access fluorinated analogues of DFOB and new insight into its biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Telfer
- School of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Rachel Codd
- School of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Asari S, Ongena M, Debois D, De Pauw E, Chen K, Bejai S, Meijer J. Insights into the molecular basis of biocontrol of Brassica pathogens by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UCMB5113 lipopeptides. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 120:551-562. [PMID: 28961818 PMCID: PMC5737243 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Certain micro-organisms can improve plant protection against pathogens. The protective effect may be direct, e.g. due to antibiotic compounds, or indirect, by priming of plant defence as induced systemic resistance (ISR). The plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UCMB5113 shows potential for disease management of oilseed rape. To investigate the mode of action of this protection, especially in relation to jasmonic acid-dependent ISR, Bacillus UCMB5113 was tested with Arabidopsis thaliana mutants and several important fungal pathogens of Brassica species. METHODS Secreted lipopeptide fractions from Bacillus UCMB5113, together with synthetic peptide mimics, were evaluated for their effects on fungal phytopathogens and A. thaliana . The structures of secreted lipopeptides were analysed using mass spectrometry. Plant mutants and reporter lines were used to identify signalling steps involved in disease suppression by lipopeptides. KEY RESULTS In plate tests Bacillus UCMB5113 and lipopeptide extracts suppressed growth of several fungal pathogens infecting Brassica plants. Separation of secreted lipopeptides using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography revealed several fractions that inhibited fungal growth. Analysis by mass spectrometry identified the most potent compounds as novel linear forms of antifungal fengycins, with synthetic peptide mimics confirming the biological activity. Application of the lipopeptide extracts on Arabidopsis roots provided systemic protection against Alternaria brassicicola on leaves. Arabidopsis signalling mutants and PDF1.2 and VSP2 promoter-driven GUS lines indicated that the lipopeptide fraction involved jasmonic-acid-dependent host responses for suppression of fungal growth indicative of ISR. CONCLUSIONS The ability of Bacillus UCMB5113 to counteract pathogens using both antagonistic lipopeptides and through ISR provides a promising tool for sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashidar Asari
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marc Ongena
- Microbial Processes and Interactions Laboratory, University of Liège/Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Delphine Debois
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Kunling Chen
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Sarosh Bejai
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Meijer
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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Winn M, Fyans JK, Zhuo Y, Micklefield J. Recent advances in engineering nonribosomal peptide assembly lines. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:317-47. [PMID: 26699732 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00099h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonribosomal peptides are amongst the most widespread and structurally diverse secondary metabolites in nature with many possessing bioactivity that can be exploited for therapeutic applications. Due to the major challenges associated with total- and semi-synthesis, bioengineering approaches have been developed to increase yields and generate modified peptides with improved physicochemical properties or altered bioactivity. Here we review the major advances that have been made over the last decade in engineering the biosynthesis of nonribosomal peptides. Structural diversity has been introduced by the modification of enzymes required for the supply of precursors or by heterologous expression of tailoring enzymes. The modularity of nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) assembly lines further supports module or domain swapping methodologies to achieve changes in the amino acid sequence of nonribosomal peptides. We also review the new synthetic biology technologies promising to speed up the process, enabling the creation and optimisation of many more assembly lines for heterologous expression, offering new opportunities for engineering the biosynthesis of novel nonribosomal peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Winn
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
| | - J K Fyans
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Y Zhuo
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
| | - J Micklefield
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
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Microbial degradation of fluorinated drugs: biochemical pathways, impacts on the environment and potential applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:2617-27. [PMID: 26830103 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery over 60 years ago of fluorocortisone's biological properties (9-α-Fluoro derivatives of cortisone and hydrocortisone; Fried J and Sabo EF, J Am Chem Soc 76: 1455-1456, 1954), the number of fluorinated drugs has steadily increased. With the improvement in synthetic methodologies, this trend is likely to continue and will lead to the introduction of new fluorinated substituents into pharmaceutical compounds. Although the biotransformation of organofluorine compounds by microorganisms has been well studied, specific investigations on fluorinated drugs are relatively few, despite the increase in the number and variety of fluorinated drugs that are available. The strength of the carbon-fluorine bond conveys stability to fluorinated drugs; thus, they are likely to be recalcitrant in the environment or may be partially metabolized to a more toxic metabolite. This review examines the research done on microbial biotransformation and biodegradation of fluorinated drugs and highlights the importance of understanding how microorganisms interact with this class of compound from environmental, clinical and biotechnological perspectives.
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12
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Murphy CD, Sandford G. Recent advances in fluorination techniques and their anticipated impact on drug metabolism and toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:589-99. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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