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Wang RJ, Ma GC, Yu S, Zhang M, Pu SB. UPLC-MS based metabonomics revealed the protective effects of Buyang Huanwu decoction on ischemic stroke rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae052. [PMID: 38567035 PMCID: PMC10982849 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Storke is a leading cause of death and disability affecting million people worldwide, 80% of which is ischemic stroke (IS). Recently, traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have received great attentions in treating IS due to their low poisonous effects and high safety. Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD), a famous and classical Chinese prescription, has been used for treating stroke-induced disability for centuries. Yet, its underlying mechanism is still in fancy. Methods We first constructed an IS model by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Then, a metabonomics study on serum samples was performed using UHPLC-QTOF/MS, followed by multivariate data analysis including principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA). Results Metabolic profiling of PCA indicated metabolic perturbation caused by MCAO was regulated by BHD back to normal levels, which is in agreement with the neurobehavioral evaluations. In the OPLS-DA, 12 metabolites were screened as potential biomarkers involved in MCAO-induced IS. Three metabolic pathways were recognized as the most relevant pathways, involving one carbon pool by folate, sphingolipid metabolism and inositol phosphate metabolism. BHD significantly reversed the abnormality of 7 metabolites to normal levels. Conclusions This is the first study to investigate the effect of BHD on IS at the metabolite level and to reveal the underlying mechanisms of BHD, which is complementary to neurobehavioral evaluation. In a broad sense, the current study brings novel and valuable insights to evaluate efficacy of TCMs, to interpret the action mechanisms, and to provide the theoretical basis for further research on the therapeutic mechanisms in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou-jun Wang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Mdicine, 282 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210029, China
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 2628 Xiangyuan Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Guang-chao Ma
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Wujiaying Street, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shun Yu
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Mdicine, 282 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210029, China
- Yunnan Institude of Traditional Chinese medicine and materia medical, Lianhua chi, Kumning 650000, China
| | - Shi-biao Pu
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
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2
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Isailă OM, Moroianu LA, Hostiuc S. Current Trends in Biohumoral Screening for the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Systematic Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:418. [PMID: 38541144 PMCID: PMC10972295 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) represents a challenge to health systems globally and is met with increased frequency in the population. Over time, multiple screening methods have been proposed, including the analysis of various plasma biomarkers. This article aims to analyze for illustrative purposes the specialized literature in terms of current biomarkers and testing trends, in the case of cardiovascular diseases and implicitly sudden cardiac death. Materials and Methods: In this regard, we searched the PubMed database from 2010 to the present time using the keywords "sudden cardiac death" and "biomarkers". The inclusion criteria were clinical trials that analyzed the effectiveness of screening methods in terms of biomarkers used in stratifying the risk of cardiac distress and/or sudden cardiac death. We excluded reviews, meta-analyses, and studies looking at the effectiveness of treatments. Results: An extended approach was found, through studies that brought to the forefront both classical markers analyzed by new, more performant methods, markers for other pathologies that also determined cardiovascular impact, non-specific molecules with effects on the cardiovascular system, and state-of-the-art markers, such as microRNA. Some molecules were analyzed simultaneously in certain groups of patients. Conclusion: The observed current trend revealed the tendency to define the clinical-biological particularities of the person to be screened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana-Maria Isailă
- Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Faculty of Dentistry, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lavinia-Alexandra Moroianu
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania;
| | - Sorin Hostiuc
- Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Faculty of Dentistry, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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Fathima S, Al Hakeem WG, Selvaraj RK, Shanmugasundaram R. Beyond protein synthesis: the emerging role of arginine in poultry nutrition and host-microbe interactions. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1326809. [PMID: 38235383 PMCID: PMC10791986 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1326809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Arginine is a functional amino acid essential for various physiological processes in poultry. The dietary essentiality of arginine in poultry stems from the absence of the enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthase-I. The specific requirement for arginine in poultry varies based on several factors, such as age, dietary factors, and physiological status. Additionally, arginine absorption and utilization are also influenced by the presence of antagonists. However, dietary interventions can mitigate the effect of these factors affecting arginine utilization. In poultry, arginine is utilized by four enzymes, namely, inducible nitric oxide synthase arginase, arginine decarboxylase and arginine: glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT). The intermediates and products of arginine metabolism by these enzymes mediate the different physiological functions of arginine in poultry. The most studied function of arginine in humans, as well as poultry, is its role in immune response. Arginine exerts immunomodulatory functions primarily through the metabolites nitric oxide (NO), ornithine, citrulline, and polyamines, which take part in inflammation or the resolution of inflammation. These properties of arginine and arginine metabolites potentiate its use as a nutraceutical to prevent the incidence of enteric diseases in poultry. Furthermore, arginine is utilized by the poultry gut microbiota, the metabolites of which might have important implications for gut microbial composition, immune regulation, metabolism, and overall host health. This comprehensive review provides insights into the multifaceted roles of arginine and arginine metabolites in poultry nutrition and wellbeing, with particular emphasis on the potential of arginine in immune regulation and microbial homeostasis in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahna Fathima
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Ramesh K. Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Ganzetti GS, Parolini C. Microarray analysis identifies human apoA-I Milano and apoA-II as determinants of the liver gene expression related to lipid and energy metabolism. Exp Cell Res 2023; 433:113826. [PMID: 37858836 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The phenotype of individuals carrying the apolipoprotein A-IMilano (apoA-IM), the mutant form of human apoA-I (apoA-I), is characterized by very low concentrations of HDL and apoA-I, and hypertriglyceridemia. Paradoxically, these subjects are not found to be at increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease compared to controls. Besides, various in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that apoA-IM possesses greater anti-atherosclerotic activity compared to apoA-I. The molecular mechanisms explaining the apoA-IM carrier's phenotype and the apoA-IM higher efficacy are still not fully elucidated. To investigate such mechanisms, we crossed previously generated apoA-I (A-I k-in) or apoA-IM knock-in mice (A-IM k-in) with transgenic mice expressing human apoA-II but lacking murine apoA-I (hA-II) to generate hA-II/A-I k-in, and hA-II/A-IM k-in, respectively. These genetically modified mice completely reproduced the apoA-IM carrier's phenotype, including hypoalphalipoproteinemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Furthermore, by using the microarray methodology, we investigated the intrinsic differences in hepatic gene expression among these k-in mouse lines. The expression of 871, 1,018, 1129 and 764 genes was significantly altered between 1) hA-II/A-I and hA-II/A-IM k-in; 2) A-IM and hA-II/A-IM k-in; 3) A-I and A-IM; 4) A-I and hA-II/A-I k-in liver samples, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis highlighted that the hepatic expression of two genes, Elovl6 and Gatm, related to fatty acid/lipid and energy metabolism, respectively, is influenced by the presence of the apoA-IM natural variant and/or apoA-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia S Ganzetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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Schwieren L, Jensen M, Schulz R, Lezius S, Laxy E, Milatz M, Thomalla G, Böger R, Gerloff C, Magnus T, Schwedhelm E, Choe CU. Homoarginine Associates with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Atrial Fibrillation and Predicts Adverse Events after Stroke. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1590. [PMID: 37511965 PMCID: PMC10381763 DOI: 10.3390/life13071590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Homoarginine is associated with cardio- and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the underlying pathomechanisms remain elusive. Here, we evaluated the association of homoarginine with adverse events (i.e., death, stroke, and myocardial infarction) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in stroke patients. In the prospective bioMARKers in STROKE (MARK-STROKE) cohort, patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) were enrolled. Plasma homoarginine concentrations were analyzed and associated with clinical phenotypes in cross-sectional (374 patients) and prospective (273 patients) analyses. Adjustments for possible confounders were evaluated. A two-fold increase in homoarginine was inversely associated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission, cIMT, and prevalent atrial fibrillation (mean factor -0.68 [95% confidence interval (CI): -1.30, -0.07], -0.14 [95% CI: -0.22, -0.05]; and odds ratio 0.57 [95% CI: 0.33, 0.96], respectively). During the follow-up (median 284 [25th, 75th percentile: 198, 431] days), individuals with homoarginine levels in the highest tertile had fewer incident events compared with patients in the lowest homoarginine tertile independent of traditional risk factors (hazard ratio 0.22 [95% CI: 0.08, 0.63]). A lower prevalence of atrial fibrillation and a reduced cIMT pinpointed potential underlying pathomechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schwieren
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Märit Jensen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Schulz
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Lezius
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elena Laxy
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Magalie Milatz
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Götz Thomalla
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gerloff
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.) Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chi-Un Choe
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Sun H, Zhao F, Liu Y, Ma T, Jin H, Quan K, Leng B, Zhao J, Yuan X, Li Z, Li F, Kwok LY, Zhang S, Sun Z, Zhang J, Zhang H. Probiotics synergized with conventional regimen in managing Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:62. [PMID: 35610236 PMCID: PMC9130297 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is mainly managed by pharmacological therapy (e.g., Benserazide and dopamine agonists). However, prolonged use of these drugs would gradually diminish their dopaminergic effect. Gut dysbiosis was observed in some patients with PD, suggesting close association between the gut microbiome and PD. Probiotics modulate the host's gut microbiota beneficially. A 3-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to investigate the beneficial effect of probiotic co-administration in patients with PD. Eighty-two PD patients were recruited and randomly divided into probiotic [n = 48; Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Probio-M8 (Probio-M8), Benserazide, dopamine agonists] and placebo (n = 34; placebo, Benserazide, dopamine agonists) groups. Finally, 45 and 29 patients from Probio-M8 and placebo groups provided complete fecal and serum samples for further omics analysis, respectively. The results showed that Probio-M8 co-administration conferred added benefits by improving sleep quality, alleviating anxiety, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Metagenomic analysis showed that, after the intervention, there were significantly more species-level genome bins (SGBs) of Bifidobacterium animalis, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospira, while less Lactobacillus fermentum and Klebsiella oxytoca in Probio-M8 group (P < 0.05). Interestingly, Lactobacillus fermentum correlated positively with the scores of UPDRS-III, HAMA, HAMD-17, and negatively with MMSE. Klebsiella oxytoca correlated negatively with feces hardness. Moreover, co-administering Probio-M8 increased SGBs involved in tryptophan degradation, gamma-aminobutyric acid, short-chain fatty acids, and secondary bile acid biosynthesis, as well as serum acetic acid and dopamine levels (P < 0.05). Taken together, Probio-M8 synergized with the conventional regimen and strengthened the clinical efficacy in managing PD, accompanied by modifications of the host's gut microbiome, gut microbial metabolic potential, and serum metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Sun
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
- Department of neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264200, China
| | - Feiyan Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264200, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
| | - Hao Jin
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
| | - Keyu Quan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
| | - Bing Leng
- Department of neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264200, China
| | - Junwu Zhao
- Department of neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264200, China
| | - Xiaoling Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 264200, China
| | - Zhenguang Li
- Department of neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264200, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121000, China
| | - Lai-Yu Kwok
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
| | - Shukun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264200, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
| | - Jinbiao Zhang
- Department of neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264200, China.
| | - Heping Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China.
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Expression of cardiovascular-related microRNAs is altered in L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficient mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5108. [PMID: 35332188 PMCID: PMC8948300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans and mice, L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) and its metabolites homoarginine (hArg) and creatine have been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), specifically myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF). The underlying molecular and regulatory mechanisms, however, remain unclear. To identify potential pathways of cardiac AGAT metabolism, we sequenced microRNA (miRNA) in left ventricles of wild-type (wt) compared to AGAT-deficient (AGAT-/-) mice. Using literature search and validation by qPCR, we identified eight significantly regulated miRNAs in AGAT-/- mice linked to atherosclerosis, MI and HF: miR-30b, miR-31, miR-130a, miR-135a, miR-148a, miR-204, miR-298, and let-7i. Analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data confirmed deregulation of these miRNAs in mouse models of MI and HF. Quantification of miRNA expression by qPCR in AGAT-/- mice supplemented with creatine or hArg revealed that miR-30b, miR-31, miR-130a, miR-148a, and miR-204 were regulated by creatine, while miR-135a and miR-298 showed a trend of regulation by hArg. Finally, bioinformatics-based target prediction showed that numerous AGAT-dependent genes previously linked to CVD are likely to be regulated by the identified miRNAs. Taken together, AGAT deficiency and hArg/creatine supplementation are associated with cardiac miRNA expression which may influence cardiac (dys)function and CVD.
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Ozcelik HS, Arslan D, Deniz CD, Gunenc O, Vatansev H, Uysal C. Evaluation of Plasma Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Levels and Abdominal Aortic Intima-Media Thickness in Infants of Smoker Mothers. Am J Perinatol 2021; 38:1494-1499. [PMID: 32683669 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smoking during pregnancy has harmful effects on the fetus and infant. Although some studies suggest that exposure to fetal-maternal smoking adversely affects both fetal growth and cardiovascular development, the mechanisms and biochemical consequences of smoking in pregnancy and newborns are not yet fully understood. We aimed to investigate whether maternal smoking during pregnancy causes fetal cardiovascular effect by measuring serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) level and abdominal aortic intima-media thickness (aIMT). STUDY DESIGN This prospective study was conducted in newborns of smoking mothers and never-smoker control mothers during their pregnancies. The babies were evaluated echocardiographically on the first day following birth. In two-dimensional mode, abdominal aIMT measurements were performed. ADMA was measured in umbilical cord blood at birth. RESULTS There were 25 mothers in the study group and 25 mothers in the control group. Serum ADMA levels were 0.459 ± 0.119 μmol/L in the study group and 0.374 ± 0.1127 μmol/L in the control group (p = 0.034). The aIMT value in the study group was 0.84 ± 0.026 mm and the aIMT value in the control group was 0.63 ± 0.011 mm (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION We found that both the serum ADMA and the aIMT significantly increased in the group with newborns of smoker mothers compared with the group of the newborns of never-smoker mothers. It may also be suggested that exposure to fetal-maternal smoking adversely affects cardiovascular development. KEY POINTS · It is a known fact that smoking during pregnancy has harmful effects on the development of the fetus and infant.. · We found that both the serum ADMA and aIMT were significantly higher in the group of infants of smoker mothers..
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Samet Ozcelik
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Ali Kemal Belviranli Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Derya Arslan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Damla Deniz
- Department of Biochemistry, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Gunenc
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Husamettin Vatansev
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey
| | - Celil Uysal
- Department of Pediatrics, Patnos State Hospital, Agri, Turkey
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Chumachenko MS, Waseem TV, Fedorovich SV. Metabolomics and metabolites in ischemic stroke. Rev Neurosci 2021; 33:181-205. [PMID: 34213842 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a major reason for disability and the second highest cause of death in the world. When a patient is admitted to a hospital, it is necessary to identify the type of stroke, and the likelihood for development of a recurrent stroke, vascular dementia, and depression. These factors could be determined using different biomarkers. Metabolomics is a very promising strategy for identification of biomarkers. The advantage of metabolomics, in contrast to other analytical techniques, resides in providing low molecular weight metabolite profiles, rather than individual molecule profiles. Technically, this approach is based on mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Furthermore, variations in metabolite concentrations during brain ischemia could alter the principal neuronal functions. Different markers associated with ischemic stroke in the brain have been identified including those contributing to risk, acute onset, and severity of this pathology. In the brain, experimental studies using the ischemia/reperfusion model (IRI) have shown an impaired energy and amino acid metabolism and confirmed their principal roles. Literature data provide a good basis for identifying markers of ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke and understanding metabolic mechanisms of these diseases. This opens an avenue for the successful use of identified markers along with metabolomics technologies to develop fast and reliable diagnostic tools for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Chumachenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Belarusian State University, Kurchatova St., 10, Minsk220030, Belarus
| | | | - Sergei V Fedorovich
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Belarusian State University, Kurchatova St., 10, Minsk220030, Belarus
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10
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Machine learning applied to serum and cerebrospinal fluid metabolomes revealed altered arginine metabolism in neonatal sepsis with meningoencephalitis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:3284-3292. [PMID: 34188777 PMCID: PMC8207169 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neonatal sepsis with meningoencephalitis is a common complication of sepsis, which is a leading cause of neonatal death and neurological dysfunction. Early identification of neonatal sepsis with meningoencephalitis is particularly important for reducing brain damage. We recruited 70 patients with neonatal sepsis, 42 of which were diagnosed as meningoencephalitis, and collected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples. The purpose of this study was to find neonatal sepsis with meningoencephalitis-related markers using unbiased metabolomics technology and artificial intelligence analysis based on machine learning methods. Results We found that the characteristics of neonatal sepsis with meningoencephalitis were manifested mainly as significant decreases in the concentrations of homo-l-arginine, creatinine, and other arginine metabolites in serum and CSF, suggesting possible changes in nitric oxide synthesis. The antioxidants taurine and proline in the serum of the neonatal sepsis with meningoencephalitis increased significantly, suggesting abnormal oxidative stress. Potentially harmful bile salts and aromatic compounds were significantly increased in the serum of the group with meningoencephalitis. We compared different machine learning methods and found that the lasso algorithm performed best. Combining the lasso and XGBoost algorithms was successful in predicting the concentration of homo-l-arginine in CSF per the concentrations of metabolite markers in the serum. Conclusions On the basis of machine learning combined with analysis of the serum and CSF metabolomes, we found metabolite markers related to neonatal sepsis with meningoencephalitis. The characteristics of neonatal sepsis with meningoencephalitis were manifested mainly by changes in arginine metabolism and related changes in creatinine metabolism.
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Mokhaneli MC, Botha-Le Roux S, Fourie CMT, Böger R, Schwedhelm E, Mels CMC. L-homoarginine is associated with decreased cardiovascular- and all-cause mortality. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13472. [PMID: 33320332 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that L-homoarginine, an endogenous analogue of the amino acid L-arginine, may have beneficial effects on vascular homeostasis. We examined whether L-homoarginine is associated with 10-year risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a black South African population. METHODS We included 669 black South African participants (mean age 59.5 years), 143 of whom died during the 10-year follow-up period. Mortality data were acquired via verbal autopsy. Plasma L-homoarginine (and other related markers) were analysed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Survivors had higher L-homoarginine levels compared with nonsurvivors (1.25 µM vs. 0.89 µM; P < .001). Multivariable Cox regression analyses revealed that higher plasma L-homoarginine predicted a reduction in 10-year cardiovascular (hazard ratio [HR] per SD increment, 0.61; 95% CI 0.50 to 0.75) and all-cause (hazard ratio [HR] per SD increment, 0.59; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.84) mortality risk. CONCLUSION Higher L-homoarginine levels are associated with reduced risk of 10-year cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Regulation of L-homoarginine levels as a therapeutic target in the management of cardiovascular disease should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maserame Cleopatra Mokhaneli
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Shani Botha-Le Roux
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Carla Maria Theresia Fourie
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Rainer Böger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum fuer Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung E.V. (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum fuer Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung E.V. (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Catharina Martha Cornelia Mels
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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12
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Wetzel MD, Stanley K, Maity S, Madesh M, Bopassa JC, Awad AS. Homoarginine ameliorates diabetic nephropathy independent of nitric oxide synthase-3. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14766. [PMID: 33713581 PMCID: PMC7955794 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently we showed that homoarginine supplementation confers kidney protection in diabetic mouse models. In this study we tested whether the protective effect of homoarginine is nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS3)-independent in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Experiments were conducted in NOS3 deficient (NOS3-/- ) mice and their wild type littermate using multiple low doses of vehicle or streptozotocin and treated with homoarginine via drinking water for 24 weeks. Homoarginine supplementation for 24 weeks in diabetic NOS3-/- mice significantly attenuated albuminuria, increased blood urea nitrogen, histopathological changes and kidney fibrosis, kidney fibrotic markers, and kidney macrophage recruitment compared with vehicle-treated diabetic NOS3-/- mice. Furthermore, homoarginine supplementation restored kidney mitochondrial function following diabetes. Importantly, there were no significant changes in kidney NOS1 or NOS2 mRNA expression between all groups. In addition, homoarginine supplementation improved cardiac function and reduced cardiac fibrosis following diabetes. These data demonstrate that the protective effect of homoarginine is independent of NOS3, which will ultimately change our understanding of the mechanism(s) by which homoarginine induce renal and cardiac protection in DN. Homoarginine protective effect in DN could be mediated via improving mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Wetzel
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Kristen Stanley
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Soumya Maity
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Jean C. Bopassa
- Department of Cellular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Alaa S. Awad
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
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13
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Malle O, Trummer C, Theiler-Schwetz V, Meinitzer A, Keppel MH, Grübler MR, Tomaschitz A, Voelkl J, März W, Pilz S. NO Synthesis Markers are Not Significantly Associated with Blood Pressure and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Arterial Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3895. [PMID: 33266290 PMCID: PMC7760204 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis markers, comprising L-homoarginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), are significantly associated with cardiovascular events and mortality. Being involved in NO pathways, they may be of high importance regulating vascular tone and arterial hypertension, but data on this topic are sparse and controversial. In this study, we evaluated whether these NO synthesis markers are associated with blood pressure values and pulse wave velocity (PWV). This analysis was based on the data of the Styrian Vitamin D Hypertension Trial, which included adults with arterial hypertension. We analyzed correlations of NO synthesis markers with 24 h ambulatory blood pressure values and PWV (primary outcomes), as well as with anthropometric and laboratory data. A total of 509 patients were included in the present analysis. The mean age was 61.2 ± 10.5 years, mean PWV was 8.6 ± 2.4 m/s, mean 24 h systolic blood pressure was 127.5 ± 13.8 mmHg and mean 24 h diastolic blood pressure was 76.4 ± 9.5 mmHg. In bivariate analyses, there was a significant positive correlation between homoarginine and 24 h diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.1; p = 0.02), which was revealed to be no longer significant after adjustment for age, gender and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in multivariate regression analysis. No other significant correlations of any NO synthesis markers with blood pressure or PWV were observed. In line with previous studies, there were inverse associations between homoarginine and age and between ADMA or SDMA and GFR (p < 0.05 for all). This study did not reveal a significant association between homoarginine, ADMA or SDMA and blood pressure or PWV in hypertensive adults. These results suggested that the associations of these parameters with adverse outcome may not be mediated by hypertension and/or endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Malle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Christian Trummer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Verena Theiler-Schwetz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Andreas Meinitzer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Endocrinology Lab Platform, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Martin H. Keppel
- Health Center Trofaiach-Gössgrabenstrasse, 8793 Trofaiach, Austria;
| | - Martin R. Grübler
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria;
| | - Andreas Tomaschitz
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Winfried März
- Medical Clinic V (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
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14
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An Ethnic Comparison of Arginine Dimethylation and Cardiometabolic Factors in Healthy Black and White Youth: The ASOS and African-PREDICT Studies. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030844. [PMID: 32244968 PMCID: PMC7141317 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinic arginine dimethylation (PADiMe) is a major post-translational modification. Proteolysis of asymmetric and symmetric PADiMe products releases asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), respectively, two endogenous atherogenic substances. SDMA, ADMA, and its major metabolite dimethylamine (DMA) are eliminated by the kidney. The urinary concentrations of DMA+ADMA, SDMA, and DMA+ADMA+SDMA are useful measures of the whole-body asymmetric and symmetric PADiMe, respectively. Urinary (DMA+ADMA)/SDMA is an index of the asymmetric to symmetric PADiMe balance. In two bi-ethnic studies, the ASOS (39 black boys, 41 white boys) and the African-PREDICT (292 black young men, 281 white young men) studies, we investigated whether ethnicity is a major determinant of PADiMe, and whether PADiMe is associated with blood pressure and ethnicity-dependent growth and inflammatory factors, including HDL. DMA, ADMA, and SDMA were measured in spot urine samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and their excretion was corrected for creatinine excretion. In black boys, creatinine-corrected DMA, DMA+ADMA, and DMA+ADMA+SDMA concentrations were lower by 11.7%, 9.5%, and 7.6% (all p < 0.05), respectively, compared to the white boys, and 3.4%, 2.0%, and 1.8% lower (all p < 0.05), respectively, in black compared to white men. (DMA+ADMA)/SDMA did not differ between black boys and black men, but was higher in white boys compared to white men. ADMA did not differ between black and white boys, or between black and white men. Creatinine-corrected SDMA excretion was lower in black boys compared to white boys (by 8%) and to white men (by 3.1%). None of the PADiMe indices were associated with blood pressure in either study. IGF-binding protein 3 correlated inversely with all PADiMe indices in the black men only. Our study showed that asymmetric proteinic arginine dimethylation is higher in white boys than in black boys, and that this difference disappears in adulthood. ADMA metabolism and SDMA excretion were lower in the black subjects compared to the white subjects, suggesting ethnicity-dependent hepatic and renal elimination of ADMA and SDMA in the childhood. The results of our study may have clinical relevance beyond atherosclerosis, such as in growth and inflammation, which have not been sufficiently addressed thus far.
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15
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Jensen M, Müller C, Schwedhelm E, Arunachalam P, Gelderblom M, Magnus T, Gerloff C, Zeller T, Choe CU. Homoarginine- and Creatine-Dependent Gene Regulation in Murine Brains with l-Arginine:Glycine Amidinotransferase Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051865. [PMID: 32182846 PMCID: PMC7084559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
l-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) and its metabolites homoarginine (hArg) and creatine have been linked to stroke pathology in both human and mouse studies. However, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism is lacking. To investigate transcriptional changes in cerebral AGAT metabolism, we applied a transcriptome analysis in brains of wild-type (WT) mice compared to untreated AGAT-deficient (AGAT−/−) mice and AGAT−/− mice with creatine or hArg supplementation. We identified significantly regulated genes between AGAT−/− and WT mice in two independent cohorts of mice which can be linked to amino acid metabolism (Ivd, Lcmt2), creatine metabolism (Slc6a8), cerebral myelination (Bcas1) and neuronal excitability (Kcnip3). While Ivd and Kcnip3 showed regulation by hArg supplementation, Bcas1 and Slc6a8 were creatine dependent. Additional regulated genes such as Pla2g4e and Exd1 need further evaluation of their influence on cerebral function. Experimental stroke models showed a significant regulation of Bcas1 and Slc6a8. Together, these results reveal that AGAT deficiency, hArg and creatine regulate gene expression in the brain, which may be critical in stroke pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Märit Jensen
- University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Clinic for Cardiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.J.); (C.M.); (T.Z.)
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Christian Müller
- University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Clinic for Cardiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.J.); (C.M.); (T.Z.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Priyadharshini Arunachalam
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Mathias Gelderblom
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Christian Gerloff
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Tanja Zeller
- University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Clinic for Cardiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.J.); (C.M.); (T.Z.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Chi-un Choe
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-7410-53770
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16
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Grosse GM, Schwedhelm E, Worthmann H, Choe CU. Arginine Derivatives in Cerebrovascular Diseases: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051798. [PMID: 32150996 PMCID: PMC7084464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The amino acid L-arginine serves as substrate for the nitric oxide synthase which is crucial in vascular function and disease. Derivatives of arginine, such as asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), are regarded as markers of endothelial dysfunction and have been implicated in vascular disorders. While there is a variety of studies consolidating ADMA as biomarker of cerebrovascular risk, morbidity and mortality, SDMA is currently emerging as an interesting metabolite with distinct characteristics in ischemic stroke. In contrast to dimethylarginines, homoarginine is inversely associated with adverse events and mortality in cerebrovascular diseases and might constitute a modifiable protective risk factor. This review aims to provide an overview of the current evidence for the pathophysiological role of arginine derivatives in cerebrovascular ischemic diseases. We discuss the complex mechanisms of arginine metabolism in health and disease and its potential clinical implications in diverse aspects of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit M. Grosse
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20249 Hamburg, Germany;
- DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20249 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Worthmann
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Chi-un Choe
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20249 Hamburg, Germany;
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17
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Sun R, Li Y, Cai M, Cao Y, Piao X. Discovery of a New Biomarker Pattern for Differential Diagnosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke Using Targeted Metabolomics. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1011. [PMID: 31608005 PMCID: PMC6761218 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability all over the world. However, biomarkers for fast differential diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) from vertigo or headache, remains lacking. Using a direct-infusion mass spectrometry method, it is possible to establish an efficient method for AIS differential diagnosis that requires only a few minutes. Thirty-eight clearly diagnosed AIS patients and 46 patients with a main complaint of vertigo were enrolled in this study. There was a total of 58 metabolites that were measured by our targeted metabolomics method, and the data were analyzed by pattern recognition algorithms. As a result, a clear classification between AIS and vertigo patients was achieved. Acylcarnitines are the major discriminating metabolites between the two groups. Arginine and its ratio, which is related to urea cycle metabolites, including arginine/ornithine and citrulline/arginine, also accounted for the classification. Interestingly, the levels of these metabolites were also found to be restored among recovering AIS patients (n = 11), which indicated that the metabolic alterations are possibly related to AIS development. Based on the characters from the data pattern reorganization, a novel biomarkers pattern was established using a binary logistic model, which contained arginine, arginine/ornithine, vaccenylcarnitine, and hydroxylbutyrylcarnitine. This biomarkers pattern achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.89 for the differential diagnosis of AIS. Considering the efficiency and the diagnostic performance of the biomarkers pattern, our method has potential future use for the clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruitan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Cai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Yunfeng Cao
- Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, China
| | - Xiangyu Piao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
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18
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Choe CU, Lezius S, Cordts K, Gerloff C, Böger RH, Schwedhelm E, Grant PJ. Low homoarginine/SDMA ratio is associated with poor short- and long-term outcome after stroke in two prospective studies. Neurol Sci 2019; 41:149-153. [PMID: 31482247 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guanidino compounds, including asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), and L-homoarginine (hArg), have been associated with cardio- and cerebrovascular events and risk. We aimed to study if low hArg/ADMA and hArg/SDMA ratios are associated with mortality and outcome after stroke. METHODS In two prospective cohorts of acute stroke patients from Germany and the UK, we analyzed hArg, ADMA, and SDMA to determine hArg/ADMA and hArg/SDMA ratios. The guanidino compound levels were associated with mortality, adverse events, and neurological impairment, i.e., National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS). RESULTS During 7.4 years, high hArg/ADMA and hArg/SDMA ratios were both associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality in patients with ischemic stroke in a UK stroke cohort (hArg/ADMA: hazard ratio (HR) 0.75 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62-0.92]; n = 394; P = 0.006; hArg/SDMA: HR 0.68 [0.54-0.85]; n = 394; P = 0.001). In a German stroke cohort, patients with high hArg/SDMA ratio experienced fewer adverse events compared with those with low hArg/SDMA ratios within 30 days after stroke (HR 0.73 [0.57-0.92]; n = 135; P = 0.009), whereas hArg/ADMA was not predictive. Furthermore, hArg/SDMA ratios inversely correlated with the degree of neurological impairment (NIHSS) (r = - 0.27; P = 0.001; n = 138). Lower hArg/SDMA ratios were also found in dependent (mRS 3-6) compared with independent patients (mRS < 3; P = 0.007; n = 138), whereas hArg/ADMA did not. CONCLUSION These results from two prospective stroke studies reveal that hArg/SDMA ratio could prove a valuable blood-based biomarker to discriminate patients with poor short- and long-term outcome, increased neurological impairment, and severe disability after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Un Choe
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Susanne Lezius
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Cordts
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gerloff
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer H Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter J Grant
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Leeds, UK
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19
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Wetzel MD, Gao T, Venkatachalam M, Morris SM, Awad AS. l-Homoarginine supplementation prevents diabetic kidney damage. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14235. [PMID: 31552707 PMCID: PMC6759505 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
l-homoarginine is an endogenous, non-proteinogenic amino acid that has emerged as a new player in health and disease. Specifically, low l-homoarginine levels are associated with cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and reduced kidney function. However, the role of l-homoarginine in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is not known. Experiments were conducted in 6-week-old Ins2Akita mice supplemented with l-homoarginine via drinking water or mini osmotic pump for 12 weeks. Both plasma and kidney l-homoarginine levels were significantly reduced in diabetic mice compared to nondiabetic controls. Untreated Ins2Akita mice showed significant increases in urinary albumin excretion, histological changes, glomerular macrophage recruitment, the inflammatory cytokine KC-GRO/CXCL1, and urinary thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) excretion as an indicator of oxidative stress, along with a significant reduction in kidney nitrate + nitrite levels compared to control mice at 18 weeks of age. In contrast, l-homoarginine supplementation for 12 weeks in Ins2Akita mice, via either drinking water or mini osmotic pump, significantly reduced albuminuria, renal histological changes, glomerular macrophage recruitment, KC-GRO/CXCL1 levels, urinary TBARS excretion, and largely restored kidney nitrate + nitrite levels. These data demonstrate that l-homoarginine supplementation attenuates specific features of DN in mice and could be a potential new therapeutic tool for treating diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Wetzel
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of MedicinePenn State University College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvania
| | - Manjeri Venkatachalam
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
| | - Sidney M. Morris
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular GeneticsUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Alaa S. Awad
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
- Department of MedicinePenn State University College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvania
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20
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Guanidino compound ratios are associated with stroke etiology, internal carotid artery stenosis and CHA2DS2-VASc score in three cross-sectional studies. J Neurol Sci 2019; 397:156-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Homoarginine/ADMA ratio and homoarginine/SDMA ratio as independent predictors of cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular events in lower extremity arterial disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14197. [PMID: 30242192 PMCID: PMC6155043 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32607-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction plays a key role in development of atherosclerosis and lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD). Homoarginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) are sensitive markers for endothelial dysfunction and independent risk factors for cardiovascular death. However, homoarginine may influence the proatherogenic effects of ADMA and SDMA suggesting homoarginine/ADMA ratio or homoarginine/SDMA ratio as further predictors for cardiovascular mortality. Therefore, we investigated the predictive value of homoarginine/ADMA ratio and homoarginine/SDMA ratio related to cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular events in claudicant patients with LEAD. 151 patients with intermittent claudication were included in a prospective observational study (observation time 7.7 ± 2.5 years) with cardiovascular mortality as main outcome parameter and the occurrence of cardiovascular events as secondary outcome parameter. Homoarginine, ADMA and SDMA were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography at baseline. Low homoarginine/ADMA ratio and homoarginine/SDMA ratio were independently associated with higher cardiovascular mortality (HR 2.803 [95% CI 1.178–6.674], p = 0.020; HR 2.782 [95% CI 1.061–7.290], p = 0.037, respectively) and higher incidence of cardiovascular events (HR 1.938 [95% CI 1.015–3.700], p = 0.045; HR 2.397 [95% CI 1.243–4.623], p = 0.009, respectively). We observed that homoarginine/ADMA ratio and homoarginine/SDMA ratio are independent predictors for long-term cardiovascular mortality and events in claudicant patients with LEAD.
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Cross-Sectional Associations between Homoarginine, Intermediate Phenotypes, and Atrial Fibrillation in the Community-The Gutenberg Health Study. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8030086. [PMID: 30200232 PMCID: PMC6165554 DOI: 10.3390/biom8030086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Homoarginine has come into the focus of interest as a biomarker for cardiovascular disease. Atrial fibrillation (AF) causes a substantial increase in morbidity and mortality. Whether circulating homoarginine is associated with occurrence or persistence of AF and may serve as a new predictive biomarker remains unknown. We measured plasma levels of homoarginine in the population-based Gutenberg health study (3761 patients included, of them 51.7% males), mean age 55.6 ± 10.9 years-old. Associations between homoarginine and intermediate electrocardiographic and echocardiographic phenotypes and manifest AF were examined. Patients with AF (124 patients, of them 73.4% males) had a mean age 64.8 ± 8.6 years-old compared to a mean age of 55.3 ± 10.9 in the population without AF (p-value < 0.001) and showed a less beneficial risk factor profile. The median homoarginine levels in individuals with and without AF were 1.9 μmol/L (interquartile range (IQR) 1.5–2.5) and 2.0 μmol/L (IQR 1.5–2.5), respectively, p = 0.56. In multivariable-adjusted regression analyses homoarginine was not statistically significantly related to electrocardiographic variables. Among echocardiographic variables beta per standard deviation increase was −0.12 (95% confidence interval (CI) −0.23–(−0.02); p = 0.024) for left atrial area and −0.01 (95% CI −0.02–(−0.003); p = 0.013) for E/A ratio. The odds ratio between homoarginine and AF was 0.91 (95% CI 0.70–1.16; p = 0.45). In our large, population-based cross-sectional study, we did not find statistically significant correlations between lower homoarginine levels and occurrence or persistence of AF or most standard electrocardiographic phenotypes, but some moderate inverse associations with echocardiographic left atrial size and E/A. Homoarginine may not represent a strong biomarker to identify individuals at increased risk for AF. Further investigations will be needed to elucidate the role of homoarginine and cardiac function.
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Zinellu A, Paliogiannis P, Carru C, Mangoni AA. Homoarginine and all-cause mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48:e12960. [PMID: 29806958 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homoarginine, a basic amino acid and analogue of L-arginine, has been shown to exert salutary effects on vascular homoeostasis, possibly through interaction with the enzymes nitric oxide synthase and arginase. This might translate into improved survival outcomes, particularly in subjects with moderate-high cardiovascular risk. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between circulating homoarginine concentrations and all-cause mortality in observational studies of human cohorts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies reporting baseline circulating homoarginine concentrations and all-cause mortality as outcome were searched using the MEDLINE, Scopus and Cochrane databases until January 2018. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) derived from multivariate Cox's proportional-hazards analysis were extracted from individual studies. RESULTS A total of 13 studies in 11 964 participants were included in the final analysis. Homoarginine concentrations were inversely associated with all-cause mortality (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.57-0.73). This association remained significant in participant sub-groups with predominant cardiovascular disease (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.55-0.76) and renal disease (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.46-0.68). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis of observational studies showed an inverse association between circulating homoarginine concentrations and all-cause mortality. Further research is warranted to investigate the direct effects of homoarginine on cardiovascular homoeostasis, the associations between homoarginine and all-cause mortality in other population groups, and the effects of interventions on homoarginine concentrations on clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Quality Control Unit, University Hospital (AOUSS), Sassari, Italy
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
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McNeal CJ, Meininger CJ, Wilborn CD, Tekwe CD, Wu G. Safety of dietary supplementation with arginine in adult humans. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1215-1229. [PMID: 29858688 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies with animals and humans have shown beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with L-arginine (Arg) on reducing white fat and improving health. At present, a long-term safe level of Arg administration to adult humans is unknown. The objective of this study was to conduct a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial to evaluate the safety and tolerability of oral Arg in overweight or obese but otherwise healthy adults with a body mass index of ≥ 25 kg/m2. A total of 142 subjects completed a 7-day wash-in period using a 12 g Arg/day dose. All the remaining eligible 101 subjects who tolerated the wash-in dose (45 men and 56 women) were assigned randomly to ingest 0, 15 or 30 g Arg (as pharmaceutical-grade Arg-HCl) per day for 90 days. Arg was taken daily in at least two divided doses by mixing with a flavored beverage. At Days 0 and 90, blood pressures of study subjects were recorded, their physical examinations were performed, and their blood and 24-h urine samples were obtained to measure: (1) serum concentrations of amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, and related metabolites; and (2) renal, hepatic, endocrine and metabolic parameters. Our results indicate that the serum concentration of Arg in men or women increased (P < 0.05) progressively with increasing oral Arg doses from 0 to 30 g/day. Dietary supplementation with 30 g Arg/day reduced (P < 0.05) systolic blood pressure and serum glucose concentration in females, as well as serum concentrations of free fatty acids in both males and females. Based on physiological and biochemical variables, study subjects tolerated oral administration of 15 and 30 g Arg/day without adverse events. We conclude that a long-term safe level of dietary Arg supplementation is at least 30 g/day in adult humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J McNeal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, 76508, USA
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX, 76504, USA
| | - Colin D Wilborn
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, 76513, USA
| | - Carmen D Tekwe
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX, 76504, USA. .,Department of Animal Science and Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Mels CMC, Schutte AE, Huisman HW, Smith W, Kruger R, van Rooyen JM, Schwedhelm E, Atzler D, Böger RH, Malan NT, Malan L. Asymmetric dimethylarginine and symmetric dimethylarginine prospectively relates to carotid wall thickening in black men: the SABPA study. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1843-1853. [PMID: 28831582 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The relationship of both asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric (SDMA) dimethylarginine with carotid wall thickness is inconclusive especially among black populations. We aimed to compare carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) and dimethylarginine levels in 75 black and 91 white men at baseline and after a 3-year follow-up, and to investigate associations of percentage change in cIMT with percentage change in dimethylarginine levels (ADMA and SDMA). Plasma levels of ADMA and SDMA were determined with a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method and B-mode ultrasonography was used to determine the cIMT at baseline and follow-up. In black men, mean cIMT (p = 0.79) and ADMA levels (p = 0.67) remained the same, but SDMA levels were lower (p < 0.001) when comparing baseline and follow-up. In white men, cIMT increased (p < 0.001), but both mean ADMA and SDMA levels decreased (p < 0.001) over time. In black men, percentage change in cIMT was positively associated with percentage change in ADMA (R 2 = 0.49; β = 0.46; p < 0.001) and percentage change in SDMA (R 2 = 0.46; β = 0.41; p < 0.001). These associations were absent in the white men. Despite lower mean SDMA and similar ADMA and cIMT in black men, percentage change in cIMT was independently associated with percentage change in ADMA and percentage change in SDMA. These results suggest an important role for ADMA and SDMA lowering strategies to delay carotid wall thickening, especially in black populations prone to the development of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina M C Mels
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa. .,MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - A E Schutte
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.,MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - H W Huisman
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.,MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - W Smith
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.,MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - R Kruger
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.,MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - J M van Rooyen
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.,MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - E Schwedhelm
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Atzler
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - R H Böger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N T Malan
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - L Malan
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
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Kayacelebi AA, Minović I, Hanff E, Frenay ARS, de Borst MH, Feelisch M, van Goor H, Bakker SJL, Tsikas D. Low plasma homoarginine concentration is associated with high rates of all-cause mortality in renal transplant recipients. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1193-1202. [PMID: 28429125 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In renal transplant recipients (RTR), we recently found that low urinary excretion of homoarginine (hArg) is associated with mortality and graft failure. However, it is not known whether such prospective associations also hold true for plasma concentrations of hArg. In the present study, we therefore determined plasma concentrations of hArg in the same cohort, i.e. in 687 RTR (functioning graft ≥1 year), and in 140 healthy donors, before and after kidney donation. Plasma hArg concentrations were significantly lower in RTR compared to healthy controls [1.24 (0.95-1.63) µM vs. 1.58 (1.31-2.03) µM, P < 0.001], and kidney donation resulted in a decrease in plasma hArg concentration to 1.41 (1.10-1.81) µM (P < 0.001). In RTR, multivariable linear regression analysis revealed BMI (β = 0.124), heart rate (β = -0.091), pre-emptive transplantation (β = 0.078), antidiabetic medication (β = -0.091), eGFR (β = 0.272), plasma PTH (β = -0.098), uric acid (β = 0.137), alkaline phosphatase (β = -0.100), HDL (β = -0.111), NT-pro-BNP (β = -0.166), and urinary urea excretion (β = 0.139) as main determinants of plasma hArg (all P < 0.05). In RTR, plasma hArg concentration was inversely associated with all-cause [hazard ratio (HR) 0.59 (95% CI 0.50-0.70), P < 0.001] and cardiovascular mortality [HR 0.50 (0.39-0.66), P < 0.001], both expressed per standard deviation change in log-transformed hArg, independent of potential confounders. To conclude, our results suggest that the kidney is a major hArg production site and an important modulator of hArg homeostasis in the renal and cardiovascular systems. Moreover, low plasma hArg is independently associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in RTR, which corroborates the cardiovascular importance of preserving kidney function after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Arinc Kayacelebi
- Centre of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isidor Minović
- Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Hanff
- Centre of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne-Roos S Frenay
- Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin H de Borst
- Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Harry van Goor
- Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Tsikas
- Centre of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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