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Hofer AM, Dadarlat-Pop A, Mester A, Nasui BA, Popa M, Picos A. The Impact of Peri-Implant Diseases on the General Status of Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Literature Review. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:665. [PMID: 38929648 PMCID: PMC11204828 DOI: 10.3390/life14060665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to connect peri-implantitis to cardiovascular diseases, following the association found between periodontitis and cardiovascular conditions in recent years. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science online databases were searched up to June 2023, with the exclusion criteria being research written in a language other than English. The MeSH search items were as follows: ["peri-implant health OR peri-implantitis OR peri-implant mucositis OR peri-implant disease"] AND ["cardiovascular diseases"]. Patient/population (P), intervention (I), comparison (C), outcome (O) framework questions were followed to identify the clinical evidence for the systematic review. Only clinical studies that used a control group to compare the relationship between cardiovascular diseases and peri-implantitis were selected. RESULTS A total of 118 studies were identified through electronic search of the keywords. After removing duplicates, there were 76 records to be screened. Upon exclusion of ineligible titles and abstracts, 27 studies remained for evaluation. Finally, 23 studies were excluded for not meeting the inclusion criteria, leaving 4 studies to be included in the qualitative analyses. CONCLUSIONS This study found there is a linear association between mucosal/gingival inflammation and carotid intima-media thickness test (c-IMT) values. Peri-implant mucosal inflammation could be a contributor to the vascular disease burden of an individual; further specific clinical studies should be performed in order to demonstrate this connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Hofer
- Department of Community Health, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.M.H.); (B.A.N.); (M.P.)
| | | | - Alexandru Mester
- Department of Oral Health, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdana Adriana Nasui
- Department of Community Health, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.M.H.); (B.A.N.); (M.P.)
| | - Monica Popa
- Department of Community Health, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.M.H.); (B.A.N.); (M.P.)
| | - Andrei Picos
- Department of Oral Prevention, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Nasarudin NA, Razali M, Goh V, Chai WL, Muchtar A. Expression of Interleukin-1β and Histological Changes of the Three-Dimensional Oral Mucosal Model in Response to Yttria-Stabilized Nanozirconia. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2027. [PMID: 36903142 PMCID: PMC10003861 DOI: 10.3390/ma16052027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, advancement in ceramic-based dental restorative materials has led to the development of monolithic zirconia with increased translucency. The monolithic zirconia fabricated from nano-sized zirconia powders is shown to be superior in physical properties and more translucent for anterior dental restorations. Most in vitro studies on monolithic zirconia have focused mainly on the effect of surface treatment or the wear of the material, while the nanotoxicity of this material is yet to be explored. Hence, this research aimed to assess the biocompatibility of yttria-stabilized nanozirconia (3-YZP) on the three-dimensional oral mucosal models (3D-OMM). The 3D-OMMs were constructed using human gingival fibroblast (HGF) and immortalized human oral keratinocyte cell line (OKF6/TERT-2), co-cultured on an acellular dermal matrix. On day 12, the tissue models were exposed to 3-YZP (test) and inCoris TZI (IC) (reference material). The growth media were collected at 24 and 48 h of exposure to materials and assessed for IL-1β released. The 3D-OMMs were fixed with 10% formalin for the histopathological assessments. The concentration of the IL-1β was not statistically different between the two materials for 24 and 48 h of exposure (p = 0.892). Histologically, stratification of epithelial cells was formed without evidence of cytotoxic damage and the epithelial thickness measured was the same for all model tissues. The excellent biocompatibility of nanozirconia, as evidenced by the multiple endpoint analyses of the 3D-OMM, may indicate the potential of its clinical application as a restorative material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naziratul Adirah Nasarudin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Masfueh Razali
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Victor Goh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Wen Lin Chai
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Andanastuti Muchtar
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
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Rafikova G, Piatnitskaia S, Shapovalova E, Chugunov S, Kireev V, Ialiukhova D, Bilyalov A, Pavlov V, Kzhyshkowska J. Interaction of Ceramic Implant Materials with Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4200. [PMID: 36835610 PMCID: PMC9959507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The immuno-compatibility of implant materials is a key issue for both initial and long-term implant integration. Ceramic implants have several advantages that make them highly promising for long-term medical solutions. These beneficial characteristics include such things as the material availability, possibility to manufacture various shapes and surface structures, osteo-inductivity and osteo-conductivity, low level of corrosion and general biocompatibility. The immuno-compatibility of an implant essentially depends on the interaction with local resident immune cells and, first of all, macrophages. However, in the case of ceramics, these interactions are insufficiently understood and require intensive experimental examinations. Our review summarizes the state of the art in variants of ceramic implants: mechanical properties, different chemical modifications of the basic material, surface structures and modifications, implant shapes and porosity. We collected the available information about the interaction of ceramics with the immune system and highlighted the studies that reported ceramic-specific local or systemic effects on the immune system. We disclosed the gaps in knowledge and outlined the perspectives for the identification to ceramic-specific interactions with the immune system using advanced quantitative technologies. We discussed the approaches for ceramic implant modification and pointed out the need for data integration using mathematic modelling of the multiple ceramic implant characteristics and their contribution for long-term implant bio- and immuno-compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzel Rafikova
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Svetlana Piatnitskaia
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Elena Shapovalova
- Department of Chemistry, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - Victor Kireev
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
- Department of Applied Physics, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Daria Ialiukhova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Azat Bilyalov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | | | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunosciecnes (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69117 Mannheim, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Surface-modified ZrO2 nanoparticles with caffeic acid: Characterization and in vitro evaluation of biosafety for placental cells. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 347:109618. [PMID: 34364836 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity of hybrid nanoparticles, consisting of non-toxic components, zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs), and caffeic acid (CA), was examined against four different cell lines (HTR-8 SV/Neo, JEG-3, JAR, and HeLa). Stable aqueous ZrO2 sol, synthesized by forced hydrolysis, consists of 3-4 nm in size primary particles organized in 30-60 nm in size snowflake-like particles, as determined by transmission electron microscopy and direct light scattering measurements. The surface modification of ZrO2 NPs with CA leads to the formation of an interfacial charge transfer (ICT) complex followed by the appearance of absorption in the visible spectral range. The spectroscopic observations are complemented with the density functional theory calculations using a cluster model. The ZrO2 NPs and CA are non-toxic against four different cell lines in investigated concentration range. Also, ZrO2 NPs promote the proliferation of HTR-8 SV/Neo, JAR, and HeLa cells. On the other hand, hybrid ZrO2/CA NPs induced a significant reduction of the viability of the JEG-3 cells (39 %) for the high concentration of components (1.6 mM ZrO2 and 0.4 mM CA).
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Dukka H, Saleh MHA, Ravidà A, Greenwell H, Wang HL. Is bleeding on probing a reliable clinical indicator of peri-implant diseases? J Periodontol 2021; 92:1669-1674. [PMID: 33829501 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bleeding on probing (BOP) is regarded as an indispensable diagnostic tool for evaluating periodontal disease activity; however, its role in peri-implant disease is more intricate. Much of the confusion about the interpretation originates from drawing parallels between periodontal and peri-implant conditions. BOP can originate from two forms of probing in implants: traumatic or pathologic induction. This, in addition to the dichotomous scale of BOP can complicate diagnosis. The objective of this commentary is to discuss the following: 1) the value of BOP as a diagnostic tool for peri-implant diseases; 2) the reasons it should be distinct from value for diagnosing periodontal and peri-implant diseases; and 3) the current best evidence on how to implement it in daily clinical practice. A comprehensive bleeding index is proposed for evaluating and monitoring peri-implant conditions. BOP should be used in addition to other parameters such as visual signs of inflammation, probing depth, and progressive bone loss before a peri-implant diagnosis is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himabindu Dukka
- Department of Periodontics, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY
| | - Muhammad H A Saleh
- Department of Periodontics, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY.,Graduate Periodontics, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Andrea Ravidà
- Graduate Periodontics, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Henry Greenwell
- Department of Periodontics, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Graduate Periodontics, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI
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Kniha K, Heussen N, Modabber A, Hölzle F, Möhlhenrich SC. The effect of zirconia and titanium surfaces on biofilm formation and on host-derived immunological parameters. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 50:1361-1374. [PMID: 33618967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of zirconia and titanium surfaces on biofilm formation and host-derived parameters. Studies comparing zirconia and titanium surfaces were selected up to September 1, 2019. The outcome measures were surface roughness, contact angle, bacterial count, bacterial adherence, biofilm thickness, bacterial distribution, and specifically investigated biofilm and specific host-derived immunological parameters. Random-effects meta-analyses of in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted. A total of 39 studies were included for data extraction. In the systematic review data, 10 studies stated that zirconia accumulated less initial oral biofilm parameters, 16 investigations showed negligible inter-material differences, and only one study showed that zirconia attracted the most biofilm. However, in the meta-analysis, the bacterial coverage was found to be significantly superior for zirconia surfaces (P< 0.00001); the other outcome measures did not show any statistically significant differences between zirconia and titanium for the remaining parameters and the studies presented a substantial degree of heterogeneity. Overall, on the basis of the meta-analysis, the current data situation does not allow a clear preference for the use of zirconia or titanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kniha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Private Clinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Munich, Germany.
| | - N Heussen
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Hospital of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Modabber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Hölzle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - S C Möhlhenrich
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
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Hentenaar DFM, De Waal YCM, Van Winkelhoff AJ, Meijer HJA, Raghoebar GM. Non-surgical peri-implantitis treatment using a pocket irrigator device; clinical, microbiological, radiographical and patient-centred outcomes-A pilot study. Int J Dent Hyg 2020; 18:403-412. [PMID: 32794356 PMCID: PMC7693290 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of this prospective cohort study was to assess the effect of a pocket irrigator/evacuator device (IED) in the non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis. Material and Methods In total 24 patients having 38 implants diagnosed with peri‐implantitis were included in this study. Peri‐implant pockets were irrigated six times in three consecutive weeks. The primary outcome was bleeding on probing (BoP). Secondary outcome parameters included plaque index (Pl), suppuration on probing (SoP), probing pocket depth (PPD), marginal bone loss (MBL), presence and numbers of periodontal pathogens. Parameters were assessed at baseline and 3 months after the last treatment. Treatment pain perception was scored using the visual analog scale (VAS) after the first and last treatment. Results At 3 months, IED treatment revealed significant reduction of peri‐implant BoP (71% [±20] vs 57% [±28] [P = .014]) and peri‐implant plaque scores (10 [±14] to 5 [±9] [P = .039] [T0 vs T3 respectively]). Significant reduction in mean peri‐implant PPD from 4.92 mm (SD ± 1.28) to 4.66 mm (SD ± 1.35) (P = .041) was observed. In addition, a reduction in VAS pain score between the first and the last (6th) treatment was found (P = .039). No reduction in SoP (P = .088) was found. No changes in mean periodontal full mouth plaque, BOP, SOP and PPD levels, MBL and microbiological outcomes were found. Conclusion Beneficial clinical effects in terms of BoP, PPD and PI were found at 3 months after IED treatment. However, the IED does not seem to effectively treat peri‐implantitis in terms of disease resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diederik F M Hentenaar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne C M De Waal
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arie Jan Van Winkelhoff
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henny J A Meijer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerry M Raghoebar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Ravidà A, Galli M, Siqueira R, Saleh MHA, Galindo‐Moreno P, Wang H. Diagnosis of peri‐implant status after peri‐implantitis surgical treatment: Proposal of a new classification. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1553-1561. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ravidà
- Graduate Periodontics Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine University of Michigan School of Dentistry Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Matthew Galli
- Graduate Periodontics Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine University of Michigan School of Dentistry Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Rafael Siqueira
- Graduate Periodontics Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine University of Michigan School of Dentistry Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Muhammad H. A. Saleh
- Graduate Periodontics Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine University of Michigan School of Dentistry Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Periodontics University of Louisville School of Dentistry Louisville KY USA
| | - Pablo Galindo‐Moreno
- Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry Department School of Dentistry. University of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Hom‐Lay Wang
- Graduate Periodontics Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine University of Michigan School of Dentistry Ann Arbor MI USA
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Ravidà A, Saleh I, Siqueira R, Garaicoa‐Pazmiño C, Saleh MHA, Monje A, Wang H. Influence of keratinized mucosa on the surgical therapeutical outcomes of peri‐implantitis. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:529-539. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ravidà
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine University of Michigan School of Dentistry Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Islam Saleh
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine University of Michigan School of Dentistry Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Rafael Siqueira
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine University of Michigan School of Dentistry Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Carlos Garaicoa‐Pazmiño
- Department of Periodontology School of Dentistry Oregon Health & Science University Portland OR USA
| | - Muhammad H. A. Saleh
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine University of Michigan School of Dentistry Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Periodontics University of Louisville School of Dentistry Louisville KY USA
| | - Alberto Monje
- Department Periodontology Universitat Internacional de Catalunya Barcelona Spain
| | - Hom‐Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine University of Michigan School of Dentistry Ann Arbor MI USA
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Influence of abutment material and modifications on peri-implant soft-tissue attachment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of histological animal studies. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 125:426-436. [PMID: 32197823 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM How the properties of the implant-abutment unit may affect the peri-implant soft-tissue seal, whose stability is considered key to safeguarding the implant from bacterial contamination and preserve peri-implant health conditions, is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies was to investigate whether material and surface properties of transmucosal implant components can influence the peri-implant soft-tissue adhesion at a histological level. MATERIAL AND METHODS An electronic and hand search was conducted until August 2019. Histological animal studies comparing soft-tissue response to abutment or transmucosal collar with different materials and/or surface characteristics were selected by 2 independent reviewers. Risk of bias in individual studies was evaluated. Histomorphometric data on the dimension of the peri-implant attachment were recorded, and a quantitative synthesis by a meta-analysis was performed. Risk of bias in individual studies was evaluated in accordance with the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation Risk of Bias tool. RESULTS Eighteen relevant studies out of 1187 were identified, none with a low risk of bias for all domains. Data from only 4 studies could be meta-analyzed. Comparable results in terms of peri-implant attachment dimensions between test and control groups were found, except for a significantly higher apical junctional epithelium to coronal bone to implant (ajE-CBI) distance for chemically modified acid-etched compared with titanium machined surfaces. Non-meta-analyzable and/or qualitative results highlighted some improved properties also for microgrooved and oxidized surfaces. CONCLUSIONS Limited data from animal studies suggest that some characteristics of the transmucosal implant components may affect peri-implant soft-tissue adhesion and stabilization but do not allow definitive conclusions. Future research should improve study design to increase the availability of comparable and suitable data on this topic.
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Koller M, Steyer E, Theisen K, Stagnell S, Jakse N, Payer M. Two-piece zirconia versus titanium implants after 80 months: Clinical outcomes from a prospective randomized pilot trial. Clin Oral Implants Res 2020; 31:388-396. [PMID: 31944420 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To prospectively evaluate, as part of an ongoing randomized pilot trial, the clinical outcomes of two-piece zirconia implants in comparison with titanium implants 80 months after delivery of all-ceramic (lithium disilicate) single-tooth restorations. MATERIAL AND METHODS The original sample included 31 (16 zirconia and 15 titanium) implants in 22 healthy patients. In addition to evaluating implant survival and success, a number of clinical or radiographic parameters were statistically analyzed: plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), pink esthetic score (PES), and marginal bone loss (MBL). Both implant groups were compared using a Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Three implants (2 zirconia and 1 titanium) had been lost, so that 28 implants (14 zirconia and 14 titanium) in 21 patients could be evaluated after a mean of 80.9 (SD: 5.5) months. All surviving implants had remained stable, in the absence of any fixture or abutment fractures and without any chipping, fracture, or debonding of crowns. The zirconia implants were associated with PI values of 11.07% (SD: 8.11) and the titanium implants with 15.20% (SD: 15.58), the respective figures for the other parameters being 16.43% (SD: 6.16) or 12.60% (SD: 7.66) for BOP; 11.11 (SD: 1.27) or 11.56 (SD: 1.01) for PES; and 1.38 mm (SD: 0.81) or 1.17 mm (SD: 0.73) for MBL. CONCLUSIONS No significant differences were found between the clinical outcomes of two-piece zirconia and titanium implants based on the aforementioned parameters after 80 months of clinical service. Our results should be interpreted with the limited sample size in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Koller
- Division of Preventive and Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, Periodontology, Prosthodontics, Restorative Dentistry and Implantology, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Steyer
- Division of Preventive and Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, Periodontology, Prosthodontics, Restorative Dentistry and Implantology, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kerstin Theisen
- Division of Preventive and Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, Periodontology, Prosthodontics, Restorative Dentistry and Implantology, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sami Stagnell
- Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Norbert Jakse
- Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Payer
- Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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12
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Heitz-Mayfield LJA, Salvi GE. Peri-implant mucositis. J Periodontol 2019; 89 Suppl 1:S257-S266. [PMID: 29926954 DOI: 10.1002/jper.16-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This narrative review was prepared for the 2017 World Workshop of the American Academy of Periodontology and European Federation of Periodontology to address key questions related to the clinical condition of peri-implant mucositis, including: 1) the definition of peri-implant mucositis, 2) conversion of peri-implant health to the biofilm-induced peri-implant mucositis lesion, 3) reversibility of peri-implant mucositis, 4) the long-standing peri-implant mucositis lesion, 5) similarities and differences between peri-implant mucositis at implants and gingivitis at teeth, and 6) risk indicators/factors for peri-implant mucositis. METHODS A literature search of MEDLINE (PubMed) and The Cochrane Library up to and including July 31, 2016, was carried out using the search strategy (peri-implant[All Fields] AND ("mucositis"[MeSH Terms] OR "mucositis"[All Fields])) OR (periimplant[All Fields] AND mucosits[All Fields]). Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional studies and review papers that focused on risk factors/indicators for peri-implant mucositis as well as experimental peri-implant mucositis studies in animals and humans were included. FINDINGS Peri-implant mucositis is an inflammatory lesion of the soft tissues surrounding an endosseous implant in the absence of loss of supporting bone or continuing marginal bone loss. A cause-and-effect relationship between experimental accumulation of bacterial biofilms around titanium dental implants and the development of an inflammatory response has been demonstrated. The experimental peri-implant mucositis lesion is characterized by an inflammatory cell infiltrate present within the connective tissue lateral to the barrier epithelium. In long-standing peri-implant mucositis, the inflammatory cell infiltrate is larger in size than in the early (3-week) experimental peri-implant mucositis lesion. Biofilm-induced peri-implant mucositis is reversible at the host biomarker level once biofilm control is reinstituted. Reversal of the clinical signs of inflammation may take longer than 3 weeks. Factors identified as risk indicators for peri-implant mucositis include biofilm accumulation, smoking, and radiation. Further evidence is required for potential risk factors, including diabetes, lack of keratinized mucosa, and presence of excess luting cement. CONCLUSIONS Peri-implant mucositis is caused by biofilm accumulation which disrupts the host-microbe homeostasis at the implant-mucosa interface, resulting in an inflammatory lesion. Peri-implant mucositis is a reversible condition at the host biomarker level. Therefore, the clinical implication is that optimal biofilm removal is a prerequisite for the prevention and management of peri-implant mucositis. An understanding of peri-implant mucositis is important because it is considered a precursor for peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J A Heitz-Mayfield
- Department of Anatomy, Biology and Human Physiology, International Research Collaborative-Oral Health and Equity, University of Western Australia, IRCOHE, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Surry Hills, NSW, Australia
| | - Giovanni E Salvi
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Heitz-Mayfield LJA, Salvi GE. Peri-implant mucositis. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 45 Suppl 20:S237-S245. [PMID: 29926488 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This narrative review was prepared for the 2017 World Workshop of the American Academy of Periodontology and European Federation of Periodontology to address key questions related to the clinical condition of peri-implant mucositis, including: 1) the definition of peri-implant mucositis, 2) conversion of peri-implant health to the biofilm-induced peri-implant mucositis lesion, 3) reversibility of peri-implant mucositis, 4) the long-standing peri-implant mucositis lesion, 5) similarities and differences between peri-implant mucositis at implants and gingivitis at teeth, and 6) risk indicators/factors for peri-implant mucositis. METHODS A literature search of MEDLINE (PubMed) and The Cochrane Library up to and including July 31, 2016, was carried out using the search strategy (peri-implant[All Fields] AND ("mucositis"[MeSH Terms] OR "mucositis"[All Fields])) OR (periimplant[All Fields] AND mucosits[All Fields]). Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional studies and review papers that focused on risk factors/indicators for peri-implant mucositis as well as experimental peri-implant mucositis studies in animals and humans were included. FINDINGS Peri-implant mucositis is an inflammatory lesion of the soft tissues surrounding an endosseous implant in the absence of loss of supporting bone or continuing marginal bone loss. A cause-and-effect relationship between experimental accumulation of bacterial biofilms around titanium dental implants and the development of an inflammatory response has been demonstrated. The experimental peri-implant mucositis lesion is characterized by an inflammatory cell infiltrate present within the connective tissue lateral to the barrier epithelium. In long-standing peri-implant mucositis, the inflammatory cell infiltrate is larger in size than in the early (3-week) experimental peri-implant mucositis lesion. Biofilm-induced peri-implant mucositis is reversible at the host biomarker level once biofilm control is reinstituted. Reversal of the clinical signs of inflammation may take longer than 3 weeks. Factors identified as risk indicators for peri-implant mucositis include biofilm accumulation, smoking, and radiation. Further evidence is required for potential risk factors, including diabetes, lack of keratinized mucosa, and presence of excess luting cement. CONCLUSIONS Peri-implant mucositis is caused by biofilm accumulation which disrupts the host-microbe homeostasis at the implant-mucosa interface, resulting in an inflammatory lesion. Peri-implant mucositis is a reversible condition at the host biomarker level. Therefore, the clinical implication is that optimal biofilm removal is a prerequisite for the prevention and management of peri-implant mucositis. An understanding of peri-implant mucositis is important because it is considered a precursor for peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J A Heitz-Mayfield
- Department of Anatomy, Biology and Human Physiology, International Research Collaborative-Oral Health and Equity, University of Western Australia, IRCOHE, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Surry Hills, NSW, Australia
| | - Giovanni E Salvi
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Westover B. Three-Dimensional Custom-Root Replicate Tooth Dental Implants. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2019; 31:489-496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Clever K, Schlegel KA, Kniha H, Conrads G, Rink L, Modabber A, Hölzle F, Kniha K. Experimental peri-implant mucositis around titanium and zirconia implants in comparison to a natural tooth: part 1—host-derived immunological parameters. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 48:554-559. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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16
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Lorenz J, Giulini N, Hölscher W, Schwiertz A, Schwarz F, Sader R. Prospective controlled clinical study investigating long‐term clinical parameters, patient satisfaction, and microbial contamination of zirconia implants. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2019; 21:263-271. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lorenz
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial SurgeryJohann‐Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | | | | | | | - Frank Schwarz
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, CarolinumJohann Wolfgang Goethe‐University Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Robert Sader
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial SurgeryJohann‐Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt/Main Germany
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Hashim D, Cionca N, Combescure C, Mombelli A. The diagnosis of peri‐implantitis: A systematic review on the predictive value of bleeding on probing. Clin Oral Implants Res 2018; 29 Suppl 16:276-293. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dena Hashim
- Division of PeriodontologyUniversity Clinics of Dental MedicineUniversity of Geneva Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Norbert Cionca
- Division of PeriodontologyUniversity Clinics of Dental MedicineUniversity of Geneva Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Christophe Combescure
- Division of Clinical EpidemiologyDepartment of Health and Community MedicineFaculty of MedicineCenter of Clinical ResearchGeneva University HospitalsUniversity of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Andrea Mombelli
- Division of PeriodontologyUniversity Clinics of Dental MedicineUniversity of Geneva Geneva 4 Switzerland
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Haro Adánez M, Nishihara H, Att W. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the clinical outcome of zirconia implant–restoration complex. J Prosthodont Res 2018; 62:397-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Current status of zirconia implants in dentistry: preclinical tests. J Prosthodont Res 2018; 63:1-14. [PMID: 30205949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review aimed to provide an overview of zirconia implants as well as regarding the outcome of the implant-restorative complex in preclinical studies. STUDY SELECTION An electronic search of the literature prior to July 2017 was performed to identify all articles related to preclinical research on zirconia implants. The search was conducted using MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine) and PubMed without restrictions concerning the date of publication. The search terminology included: zirconia implant, osseointegration, bone-to-implant contact, soft tissue, histology, histomorphometry, surface modification, surface roughness, surface characteristics, and restoration (connecting multiple keywords with AND, OR). RESULTS Fifty-seven studies were finally selected from an initial yield of 654 titles, and the data were extracted. The identified preclinical studies focused on several aspects related to zirconia implants, namely biocompatibility, mechanical properties, implant design, osseointegration capacity, soft tissue response, and restorative options. Due to heterogeneity of the studies, a meta-analysis was not possible. The most frequently used zirconia material for the fabrication of implants is yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal. The resistance-to-fracture for zirconia implants ranged between 516-2044N. The mostly investigated parameter was osseointegration, which is compared to that of titanium. A lack of evidence was found with other parameters. CONCLUSIONS Due to its good biocompatibility as well as favorable physical and mechanical properties, zirconia implants are a potential alternative to titanium implants. However, knowledge regarding the implant-restorative complex and related aspects is still immature to recommend its application for daily practice.
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Ultimate force and stiffness of 2-piece zirconium dioxide implants with screw-retained monolithic lithium-disilicate reconstructions. J Prosthodont Res 2018; 62:258-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sivaraman K, Chopra A, Narayan AI, Balakrishnan D. Is zirconia a viable alternative to titanium for oral implant? A critical review. J Prosthodont Res 2017; 62:121-133. [PMID: 28827030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Titanium based implant systems, though considered as the gold standard for rehabilitation of edentulous spaces, have been criticized for many inherent flaws. The onset of hypersensitivity reactions, biocompatibility issues, and an unaesthetic gray hue have raised demands for more aesthetic and tissue compatible material for implant fabrication. Zirconia is emerging as a promising alternative to conventional Titanium based implant systems for oral rehabilitation with superior biological, aesthetics, mechanical and optical properties. This review aims to critically analyze and review the credibility of Zirconia implants as an alternative to Titanium for prosthetic rehabilitation. STUDY SELECTION The literature search for articles written in the English language in PubMed and Cochrane Library database from 1990 till December 2016. The following search terms were utilized for data search: "zirconia implants" NOT "abutment", "zirconia implants" AND "titanium implants" AND "osseointegration", "zirconia implants" AND compatibility. RESULTS The number of potential relevant articles selected were 47. All the human in vivo clinical, in vitro, animals' studies were included and discussed under the following subheadings: Chemical composition, structure and phases; Physical and mechanical properties; Aesthetic and optical properties; Osseointegration and biocompatibility; Surface modifications; Peri-implant tissue compatibility, inflammation and soft tissue healing, and long-term prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Zirconia implants are a promising alternative to titanium with a superior soft-tissue response, biocompatibility, and aesthetics with comparable osseointegration. However, further long-term longitudinal and comparative clinical trials are required to validate zirconia as a viable alternative to the titanium implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Sivaraman
- Department of Prosthodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104, India.
| | - Aditi Chopra
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Aparna I Narayan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Dhanasekar Balakrishnan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104, India
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Gürlek Ö, Gümüş P, Nile CJ, Lappin DF, Buduneli N. Biomarkers and Bacteria Around Implants and Natural Teeth in the Same Individuals. J Periodontol 2017; 88:752-761. [PMID: 28440740 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.160751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This cross-sectional study assesses cytokine levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF)/gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and a selection of subgingival/submucosal plaque bacteria from clinically healthy or diseased sites in the same individuals. METHODS Samples from 97 implants/teeth (58 implants [19 healthy, 20 mucositis, 19 peri-implantitis] and 39 natural teeth [19 healthy, 12 gingivitis, eight periodontitis] in 15 systemically healthy patients were investigated by immunoassay and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Samples were obtained first, with probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, plaque index scores, and keratinized tissue width then recorded. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney U, and permutation tests on dependent, independent, and mixed dependent and independent samples and Spearman correlation. RESULTS Interleukin (IL)-1β levels were significantly higher in PICF samples of healthy implants than in GCF samples of healthy teeth (P = 0.003), and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (sRANKL) concentrations were significantly higher in the gingivitis than the mucositis group (P = 0.004). Biomarker levels were similar in peri-implantitis and periodontitis groups (P >0.05). Actinomyces naeslundi and Streptococcus oralis levels were significantly higher in the healthy implant group than in healthy teeth (P <0.05). Prevotella intermedia and Treponema denticola (Td) levels were lower in the mucositis group than the gingivitis group (P <0.05). Prevotella oralis and S. oralis levels were significantly higher in the periodontitis group (P <0.05), and Td levels were significantly higher in the peri-implantitis group (P <0.05). CONCLUSION There were many similarities but, crucially, some differences in biomarker levels (IL-1β and sRANKL) and bacterial species between peri-implant and periodontal sites in the same individuals, suggesting similar pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Önder Gürlek
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Pınar Gümüş
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Christopher J Nile
- Infection and Immunity Group; Dental Hospital and School; School of Medicine, Nursing and Dentistry; College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow, U.K
| | - David F Lappin
- Infection and Immunity Group; Dental Hospital and School; School of Medicine, Nursing and Dentistry; College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow, U.K
| | - Nurcan Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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Zekeridou A, Giannopoulou C, Cancela J, Courvoisier D, Mombelli A. Effect of initial periodontal therapy on gingival crevicular fluid cytokine profile in subjects with chronic periodontitis. Clin Exp Dent Res 2017; 3:62-68. [PMID: 29744180 PMCID: PMC5719814 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Because periodontal disease is known for its inhomogeneous distribution within the dentition, it is unclear to what extent the detection of various cytokines at different sites correlates with presence of disease. We evaluated whether levels of 12 cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) discriminated periodontally diseased sites from healthy ones, or periodontally diseased persons from healthy ones, and assessed the impact of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on these readings. This study included 20 periodontally healthy persons (H) and 24 patients with chronic periodontitis (P). In every participant, we measured the plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth (PD), bleeding on probing, and recession at six sites of every tooth. GCF was collected with Durapore® filter strips from two healthy sites (PD<4 mm; HH) in group H, and from two periodontally diseased sites (PD≥5 mm; PP) and two periodontally healthy sites (PD≤3 mm; PH) in group P. The periodontally diseased participants underwent comprehensive nonsurgical periodontal therapy including deep scaling and root planing under local anesthesia. In these participants, GCF samples were again collected at the same sites 1 and 3 months after therapy. Twelve cytokines (il‐1β, il‐1ra, il‐6, il‐8, il‐17, b‐fgf, g‐csf, gm‐csf, ifn‐γ, mip‐1β, vegf, and tnf‐α) were assessed using the Bio‐Plex suspension array system. Mean plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, PD, and recession were significantly different between groups H and P. Differences between PP and PH sites were not significant for any of the cytokines. Il‐1ra, il‐6, il‐17, b‐fgf, gm‐csf, mip‐1β, and tnf‐α differed significantly between HH sites and both PH and PP sites, whereas il‐8 was significantly higher only at PP sites. Periodontal treatment increased gm‐csf and decreased il‐1ra levels in PP sites. Il‐1ra, il‐6, il‐8, il‐17, b‐fgf, gm‐csf, mip‐1β, and tnf‐α identified patients with chronic periodontitis, rather than diseased sites, suggesting a generalized inflammatory state that is not limited to clinically diseased sites only.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zekeridou
- School of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology University of Geneva Rue Barthélemy-Menn 19 CH-1205 Geneva Switzerland
| | - C Giannopoulou
- School of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology University of Geneva Rue Barthélemy-Menn 19 CH-1205 Geneva Switzerland
| | - J Cancela
- School of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology University of Geneva Rue Barthélemy-Menn 19 CH-1205 Geneva Switzerland
| | - D Courvoisier
- Division of Rheumatology University Hospitals of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Mombelli
- School of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology University of Geneva Rue Barthélemy-Menn 19 CH-1205 Geneva Switzerland
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Cionca N, Hashim D, Mombelli A. Zirconia dental implants: where are we now, and where are we heading? Periodontol 2000 2016; 73:241-258. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Meyer S, Giannopoulou C, Courvoisier D, Schimmel M, Müller F, Mombelli A. Experimental mucositis and experimental gingivitis in persons aged 70 or over. Clinical and biological responses. Clin Oral Implants Res 2016; 28:1005-1012. [PMID: 27333829 PMCID: PMC5599942 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To compare in persons aged 70 years or older the clinical and inflammatory changes occurring around implants and natural teeth during and after a phase of undisturbed plaque accumulation. Material and methods Twenty partially edentulous participants with titanium implants refrained from oral hygiene practices while being clinically monitored in weekly intervals for 21 days. Teeth and implants were then cleaned, oral hygiene resumed, and the participants were further monitored for 3 weeks. Twelve biomarkers were assessed in gingival and peri‐implant crevicular fluid (GCF, PCF). Results During 3 weeks of oral hygiene abstention, the gingival index (GI) continuously increased. On day 21, there were significantly more sites with GI >1 at implants than at teeth. After restarting oral hygiene, the GI decreased markedly in both groups. Throughout the experiment, the plaque index was significantly higher on teeth than on implants. The different biomarkers reacted variably. IL‐1β increased significantly with plaque accumulation. IL‐1β, GM‐CSF, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ were significantly higher in GCF compared to PCF at day 21. IL‐8 decreased significantly in GCF up to day 14. MIP‐1β decreased significantly in GCF, but not in PCF. At the 3‐week follow‐up, the levels of all biomarkers assessed in GCF and PCF had returned to baseline values. Conclusions In an elderly cohort, plaque accumulation induced an inflammatory reaction around both teeth and implants. Although there was less plaque accumulation on implants, the peri‐implant mucosa showed a stronger clinical response than gingiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Meyer
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Martin Schimmel
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Frauke Müller
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Mombelli
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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