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Zumbach-Basu J, Rademacher A, Koglin U, Bender D, Lösel F. Longitudinal relations of prematurity and fetal growth restrictions with hyperactivity/inattention and aggression/delinquency. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03297-y. [PMID: 38898109 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is the aim of this study to analyze the longitudinal relationship between premature birth and low birth weight and the reciprocal influence between hyperactive/inattentive behavior and aggressive/delinquent behavior problems in children from early to late childhood. METHODS This study contains data from the German Erlangen-Nuremberg Development and Prevention Study. It applies prospective longitudinal path analyses on data obtained from postnatal pediatric assessments as well as later psychosocial behavior assessments by teachers and parents on N = 667 children, out of which n = 83 children (12.44%) were born preterm/small for gestational age. RESULTS The results show direct effects of birth complications at the beginning of preschool on hyperactivity/inattentiveness (teacher rating: ß = 0.28; p = 0.017; parent rating: ß = 0.32; p = 0.005), but not on aggression/delinquency (teacher rating: ß = 0.002; p = 0.427; parent rating: ß = 0.12; p = 0.324). Reciprocal effects between aggression/delinquency and hyperactivity/inattentiveness were stable at the end of elementary school, but not at the end of preschool across informants. CONCLUSION Our results support a differentiated view on the potential development of behavior problems after birth complications and the demand for early prevention measures. IMPACT STATEMENT Our results extend to the existing body of research by providing insight into the longitudinal effects of prematurity and fetal growth restrictions on hyperactive and aggressive/delinquent behavioral problems throughout a rather long period of development in childhood. The results show direct effects of birth complications on the development of hyperactivity for boys, but not for girls across informants. No direct effects of birth complications on aggression/delinquency are found. Our findings speak against too simple views on behavioral consequences of birth complications and thus can relieve too anxious parents, however close monitoring of the behavioral development of respective children is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Zumbach-Basu
- Department of Forensic Psychology, Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Germany, Am Koellnischen Park 2, 10179, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Rademacher
- I. School of Education and Social Science, Department of Special Needs Education and Rehabilitation, Psychology in Special Needs Education and Rehabilitation, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Ammerlaender Heerstrasse 114-118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Ute Koglin
- I. School of Education and Social Science, Department of Special Needs Education and Rehabilitation, Psychology in Special Needs Education and Rehabilitation, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Ammerlaender Heerstrasse 114-118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Doris Bender
- Department of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Bismarckstr. 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Lösel
- Institute of Criminology, Cambridge University & Department of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Sidgwick Avenue Cambridge CB3 9DA & Bismarckstr, 1, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Nieto-Ruiz A, Cerdó T, Jordano B, Torres-Espínola FJ, Escudero-Marín M, García-Ricobaraza M, Bermúdez MG, García-Santos JA, Suárez A, Campoy C. Maternal weight, gut microbiota, and the association with early childhood behavior: the PREOBE follow-up study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:41. [PMID: 36945049 PMCID: PMC10031971 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Maternal overweight and breastfeeding seem to have a significant impact on the gut microbiota colonization process, which co-occurs simultaneously with brain development and the establishment of the "microbiota-gut-brain axis", which potentially may affect behavior later in life. This study aimed to examine the influence of maternal overweight, obesity and/or gestational diabetes on the offspring behavior at 3.5 years of age and its association with the gut microbiota already established at 18 months of life. METHODS 156 children born to overweight (OV, n = 45), obese (OB, n = 40) and normoweight (NW, n = 71) pregnant women participating in the PREOBE study were included in the current analysis. Stool samples were collected at 18 months of life and gut microbiome was obtained by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Behavioral problems were evaluated at 3.5 years by using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). ANOVA, Chi-Square Test, ANCOVA, Spearman's correlation, logistic regression model and generalized linear model (GLM) were performed. RESULTS At 3.5 years of age, Children born to OV/OB mothers showed higher scores in behavioral problems than those born to NW mothers. Additionally, offspring born to OB mothers who developed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) presented higher scores in attention/deficit hyperactivity and externalizing problems than those born to GDM OV/NW mothers. Fusicatenibacter abundance found at 18 months of age was associated to lower scores in total, internalizing and pervasive developmental problems, while an unidentified genus within Clostridiales and Flavonifractor families abundance showed a positive correlation with anxiety/depression and somatic complaints, respectively. On the other hand, children born to mothers with higher BMI who were breastfed presented elevated anxiety, internalizing problems, externalizing problems and total problems scores; likewise, their gut microbiota composition at 18 months of age showed positive correlation with behavioral problems at 3.5 years: Actinobacteria abundance and somatic complaints and between Fusobacteria abundance and withdrawn behavior and pervasive developmental problems. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggests that OV/OB and/or GDM during pregnancy is associated with higher behavioral problems scores in children at 3.5 years old. Additionally, associations between early life gut microbiota composition and later mental health in children was also found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Nieto-Ruiz
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Tomás Cerdó
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Belén Jordano
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Clinical University Hospital San Cecilio. Paediatric Service, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Torres-Espínola
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Mireia Escudero-Marín
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Neurosciences Institute Dr. Federico Oloriz - University of Granada. Health Sciences Technological Park, Avda. del Conocimiento, S/N., 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - María García-Ricobaraza
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes G Bermúdez
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - José A García-Santos
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Suárez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Health Sciences Technological Park, Avda. del Conocimiento, S/N., 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain.
- Neurosciences Institute Dr. Federico Oloriz - University of Granada. Health Sciences Technological Park, Avda. del Conocimiento, S/N., 18016, Granada, Spain.
- Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada's Node, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Kuhle S, Brown MM, Dodds L, McDonald SD, Woolcott CG. Health Care Utilization in the First 7 Years in Children with Fetal Growth Abnormalities: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Pediatr 2023; 252:154-161.e3. [PMID: 35985536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between birth weight for gestational age and health care utilization of term offspring from birth to 7 years. STUDY DESIGN We used a population-based retrospective cohort study of infants (≥37 weeks' gestational age) born between 2003 and 2007 in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia (n = 42 050). Perinatal records were linked to provincial administrative health data from birth to age 7 years. The primary outcome was health care utilization (physician visits and hospital admissions) and costs. Birth weight was categorized as small for gestational age (SGA, <10th percentile), appropriate for gestational age (AGA), or large for gestational age (LGA, >90th percentile). Regression models adjusted for potential confounders were used to investigate the associations. RESULTS Children born SGA had a higher number of specialist visits and hospital admissions, a longer length of stay for the birth admission, and, as a result, higher physician and hospital costs amounting to a cost differential of Can $1222 during the first 7 years of life compared with children born AGA. By contrast, health care use and costs did not differ between children born LGA and AGA. CONCLUSION Former SGA term infants have a moderate increase in health care use and costs in early childhood compared with former AGA infants, and LGA birth at term is not associated with higher health care utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kuhle
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Departments of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Mary Margaret Brown
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Departments of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Linda Dodds
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Departments of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sarah D McDonald
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Radiology, and Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christy G Woolcott
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Departments of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Hsu YC, Chen CT, Yang HJ, Chou P. Family, personal, parental correlates and behavior disturbances in school-aged boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a cross-sectional study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:30. [PMID: 35440036 PMCID: PMC9019941 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00467-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the relationship among family, personal, parental correlates, and behavioral disturbances in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS We performed a hospital-based cross-sectional study. School-aged boys who first visited the hospital between 2000 and 2011 with ADHD were identified. Through medical records review, demographic information, family characteristics, personal characteristics, parental characteristics, and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) collected during the first outpatient visit were retrieved. A T-score higher than 63 in the internalizing or externalizing subscale of the CBCL indicated severe behavioral disturbances in each domain. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between the correlates and behavioral disturbances. Eligible patients were further classified into groups without behavioral disturbance, with either only severe internalizing or only severe externalizing behaviors, or with both behaviors. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to investigate the association between the correlates and the number of types of behavioral disturbances. RESULTS A total of 1855 boys with ADHD were included. In the multivariable logistic regression, family factors, including being first-born, living in a family not with both parents, and family history of mental disorder, were associated with severe internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Personal factors, including prenatal complications, perinatal complications, and medical and psychiatric comorbidities, were associated with severe internalizing behaviors, but only prenatal complications and medical comorbidities were associated with severe externalizing behaviors. Parental factors were only associated with severe externalizing behaviors. A higher paternal education level had a protective effect, but younger motherhood increased the risk. In ordinal logistic regression, these factors were also associated with more types of behavioral disturbances. CONCLUSIONS Multiple factors are related to behavioral disturbances in ADHD. Our study reported the association among family, personal, parental factors, severe internalizing behavior, severe externalizing behavior, and number of behavioral disturbances in boys with ADHD. However, the impacts differed as the behavior phenotypes varied. Further research is needed to better understand the heterogeneity of ADHD behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chang Hsu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tao-Yuan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 71 Long-Shou St. Tao-Yuan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan. .,Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Tsai Chen
- grid.454740.6Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tao-Yuan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 71 Long-Shou St. Tao-Yuan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jan Yang
- grid.411641.70000 0004 0532 2041Department of Public Health, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pesus Chou
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan ,grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Silva CCV, El Marroun H, Sammallahti S, Vernooij MW, Muetzel RL, Santos S, Jaddoe VWV. Patterns of Fetal and Infant Growth and Brain Morphology at Age 10 Years. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2138214. [PMID: 34882181 PMCID: PMC8662367 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.38214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Preterm birth and low birth weight are associated with brain developmental and neurocognitive outcomes in childhood; however, not much is known about the specific critical periods in fetal life and infancy for these outcomes. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of fetal and infant growth patterns with brain morphology in children at school age. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This population-based, prospective cohort study was conducted from February 1 to April 16, 2021, as a part of the Generation R Study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The study included 3098 singleton children born between April 1, 2002, and January 31, 2006. EXPOSURES Fetal weight was estimated in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy by ultrasonography. Infant weight was measured at birth and at 6, 12, and 24 months. Fetal and infant weight acceleration or deceleration were defined as a change in SD scores greater than 0.67 between time points. Infant measurements also included peak weight velocity, and age and body mass index reached at adiposity peak. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Brain structure, including global and regional brain volumes, was quantified by magnetic resonance imaging at age 10 years. RESULTS The study evaluated 3098 children (mean [SD] age at follow-up, 10.1 [0.6] years; 1557 girls [50.3%]; and 1753 Dutch [57.8%]). One SD score-higher weight gain until the second and third trimesters, birth, and 6, 12, and 24 months was associated with larger total brain volume independently of growth during any other age windows (second trimester: 5.7 cm3; 95% CI, 1.2-10.2 cm3; third trimester: 15.3 cm3; 95% CI, 11.0-19.6 cm3; birth: 20.8 cm3; 95% CI, 16.4-25.1 cm3; 6 months: 15.6 cm3; 95% CI, 11.2-19.9 cm3; 12 months: 11.3 cm3; 95% CI, 7.0-15.6 cm3; and 24 months: 11.1 cm3; 95% CI, 6.8-15.4 cm3). Compared with children with normal fetal and infant growth, those with fetal and infant growth deceleration had the smallest total brain volume (-32.5 cm3; 95% CI, -53.2 to -11.9 cm3). Children with fetal weight deceleration followed by infant catch-up growth had similar brain volumes as children with normal growth. Higher peak weight velocity and body mass index reached at adiposity peak were associated with larger brain volumes. Similar results were observed for cerebral and cerebellar gray and white matter volumes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cohort study's findings suggest that both fetal and infant weight growth might be critical for cerebral and cerebellar brain volumes during childhood. Whether these associations link to neurocognitive outcomes should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina C. V. Silva
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hanan El Marroun
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Sammallahti
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Meike W. Vernooij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ryan L. Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susana Santos
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W. V. Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Magnusson Å, Laivuori H, Loft A, Oldereid NB, Pinborg A, Petzold M, Romundstad LB, Söderström-Anttila V, Bergh C. The Association Between High Birth Weight and Long-Term Outcomes-Implications for Assisted Reproductive Technologies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:675775. [PMID: 34249812 PMCID: PMC8260985 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.675775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies have shown that the prevalence of children born with high birth weight or large for gestational age (LGA) is increasing. This is true for spontaneous pregnancies; however, children born after frozen embryo transfer (FET) as part of assisted reproductive technology (ART) also have an elevated risk. In recent years, the practice of FET has increased rapidly and while the perinatal and obstetric risks are well-studied, less is known about the long-term health consequences. Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to describe the association between high birth weight and LGA on long-term child outcomes. Data Sources: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to January 2021. Exposure included high birth weight and LGA. Long-term outcome variables included malignancies, psychiatric disorders, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Study Selection: Original studies published in English or Scandinavian languages were included. Studies with a control group were included while studies published as abstracts and case reports were excluded. Data Extraction: The methodological quality, in terms of risk of bias, was assessed by pairs of reviewers. Robins-I (www.methods.cochrane.org) was used for risk of bias assessment in original articles. For systematic reviews, AMSTAR (www.amstar.ca) was used. For certainty of evidence, we used the GRADE system. The systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. When possible, meta-analyses were performed. Results: The search included 11,767 articles out of which 173 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis, while 63 were included in quantitative synthesis (meta-analyses). High birth weight and/or LGA was associated with low to moderately elevated risks for certain malignancies in childhood, breast cancer, several psychiatric disorders, hypertension in childhood, and type 1 and 2 diabetes. Conclusions: Although the increased risks for adverse outcome in offspring associated with high birth weight and LGA represent serious health effects in childhood and in adulthood, the size of these effects seems moderate. The identified risk association should, however, be taken into account in decisions concerning fresh and frozen ART cycles and is of general importance in view of the increasing prevalence in high birthweight babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Magnusson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hannele Laivuori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Loft
- Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anja Pinborg
- Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Max Petzold
- Swedish National Data Service & Health Metrics Unit, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liv Bente Romundstad
- Spiren Fertility Clinic, Trondheim, Norway.,Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Christina Bergh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Van Lieshout RJ, Savoy CD, Ferro MA, Krzeczkowski JE, Colman I. Macrosomia and psychiatric risk in adolescence. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:1537-1545. [PMID: 31894421 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The prenatal environment can exert important effects on mental health. While much research has linked low birth weight to psychopathology, the intrauterine environment associated with high birth weight (macrosomia; > 4000 g) is also sub-optimal and may increase risk. Given the increasing prevalence of macrosomic births, understanding the mental health outcomes of infants born macrosomic can help refine theories of etiology, predict disorder, and target preventive interventions. Using data from the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study (OCHS), we examined the risk for psychiatric disorders in adolescents born macrosomic. Youth (N = 2151) aged 12-17 years completed the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID). Rates of common mental disorders assessed by the MINI-KID were compared between those born at normal birth weight (NBW; 2500-4000 g, n = 1817) and adolescents born macrosomic (> 4000 g, n = 334). These associations were then adjusted for participant age, sex, socioeconomic status (SES) of the family, parental mental health, and gestational diabetes mellitus. After adjustment for covariates, adolescents born macrosomic had higher odds of conduct disorder (CD; OR = 3.19, 95% CI: 1.37-7.43), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD; OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.11-2.91), and ADHD (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.21-2.80). Moderation analyses revealed that males born macrosomic were more likely to have psychiatric problems than their female peers. Socioeconomic disadvantage also amplified the risk posed by macrosomia for ODD, ADHD, major depressive disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. In this study, macrosomia was associated with an increased risk of clinically significant externalizing problems in adolescence, most notably among boys and those facing socioeconomic disadvantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Van Lieshout
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, West 5th Campus, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada.
| | - Calan D Savoy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, West 5th Campus, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - Mark A Ferro
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, TJB 2311, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - John E Krzeczkowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, West 5th Campus, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - Ian Colman
- School of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Cr, Room 308C, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
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Dwyer JB, Cardenas A, Franke RM, Chen Y, Bai Y, Belluzzi JD, Lotfipour S, Leslie FM. Prenatal nicotine sex-dependently alters adolescent dopamine system development. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:304. [PMID: 31740669 PMCID: PMC6861272 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite persistent public health initiatives, many women continue to smoke during pregnancy. Since maternal smoking has been linked to persisting sex-dependent neurobehavioral deficits in offspring, some consider nicotine to be a safer alternative to tobacco during pregnancy, and the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems is on the rise. We presently show, however, that sustained exposure to low doses of nicotine during fetal development, approximating plasma levels seen clinically with the nicotine patch, produces substantial changes in developing corticostriatal dopamine systems in adolescence. Briefly, pregnant dams were implanted on gestational day 4 with an osmotic minipump that delivered either saline (GS) or nicotine (3 mg/kg/day) (GN) for two weeks. At birth, pups were cross-fostered with treatment naïve dams and were handled daily. Biochemical analyses, signaling assays, and behavioral responses to cocaine were assessed on postnatal day 32, representative of adolescence in the rodent. GN treatment had both sex-dependent and sex-independent effects on prefrontal dopamine systems, altering Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT)-dependent dopamine turnover in males and norepinephrine transporter (NET) binding expression in both sexes. GN enhanced cocaine-induced locomotor activity in females, concomitant with GN-induced reductions in striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) binding. GN enhanced ventral striatal D2-like receptor expression and G-protein coupling, while altering the roles of D2 and D3 receptors in cocaine-induced behaviors. These data show that low-dose prenatal nicotine treatment sex-dependently alters corticostriatal dopamine system development, which may underlie clinical deficits seen in adolescents exposed to tobacco or nicotine in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B. Dwyer
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Pharmacology, University of California, 360 Med Surge II, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Anjelica Cardenas
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Pharmacology, University of California, 360 Med Surge II, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Ryan M. Franke
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Pharmacology, University of California, 360 Med Surge II, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - YiLing Chen
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Pharmacology, University of California, 360 Med Surge II, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Yu Bai
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - James D. Belluzzi
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Pharmacology, University of California, 360 Med Surge II, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Shahrdad Lotfipour
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Pharmacology, University of California, 360 Med Surge II, Irvine, CA 92697 USA ,0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Frances M. Leslie
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Pharmacology, University of California, 360 Med Surge II, Irvine, CA 92697 USA ,0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
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Cheng ER, Taveras EM, Hawkins SS. Paternal Acculturation and Maternal Health Behaviors: Influence of Father's Ethnicity and Place of Birth. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2017; 27:724-732. [PMID: 29087779 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2017.6439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies show disparities in maternal health behaviors according to acculturation, but whether paternal factors influence these patterns is unknown. We assessed the relationships between fathers' ethnicity and place of birth with maternal smoking during pregnancy and breastfeeding initiation overall and for 30 major ethnic groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were from the Standard Certificate of Live Births on 1,053,096 births in Massachusetts between 1996 through 2010. We examined the concordance of maternal and paternal ethnicity and place of birth across three categories (United States-born white, United States-born Other ethnicity, and foreign-born), and then in relation to maternal smoking during pregnancy and breastfeeding initiation. Multivariable models adjusted for maternal age, marital status, education, plurality, parity, prenatal care, delivery source of payment, and year of birth. RESULTS United States-born white mothers were less likely to smoke during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60, 0.73) and more likely to initiate breastfeeding (AOR 1.56; 95% CI: 1.46, 1.66) if their partners were foreign-born. In contrast, foreign-born mothers whose partners were United States-born of Other ethnicity or United States-born white had a 1.65-5.12 higher odds of smoking during pregnancy and were 26%-41% less likely (AORs 0.59-0.74) to initiate breastfeeding than if their partners were also foreign-born. Results were consistent across most racial/ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings offer new insight into the social pathways by which acculturation impacts maternal health behaviors and add to growing evidence that fathers are valuable to maternal health. Future efforts to understand how acculturation results in poorer maternal health behaviors should account for paternal influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika R Cheng
- 1 Section of Children's Health Services Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Elsie M Taveras
- 2 Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children , Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts
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Brinksma DM, Hoekstra PJ, van den Hoofdakker B, de Bildt A, Buitelaar JK, Hartman CA, Dietrich A. Age-dependent role of pre- and perinatal factors in interaction with genes on ADHD symptoms across adolescence. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 90:110-117. [PMID: 28259004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of risk factors on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom over time. Here, we longitudinally studied the role of candidate genes, pre- and perinatal factors, and their interactions on ADHD symptoms between ages 10 and 18 years. Subjects were part of the general population or clinic-referred cohort of the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (n = 1667). At mean ages of 11.1 (T1), 13.4 (T2), and 16.2 years (T3), ADHD symptoms were assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist. Linear Mixed Models were used to examine the association of candidate genes (i.e., DRD4, DRD2, 5-HTTLPR, COMT, and MAOA), pre- and perinatal factors (i.e., index measure of various pregnancy and delivery complications, maternal smoking, maternal drinking, and low birth weight), and their interactions with ADHD symptoms across adolescence. Pregnancy and delivery complications were associated with a higher level of ADHD symptoms across all time points, but with a significantly declining influence over time (p = 0.006). We found no main effects of the candidate genes on ADHD symptoms throughout adolescence. The simultaneous presence of the low activity MAOA genotype and low birth weight (p < 0.001) and of the 5-HTTLPR LL-allele and respectively pregnancy and delivery complications (p = 0.04) and maternal smoking (p = 0.04) were associated with more ADHD symptoms particularly during early adolescence, and these influences significantly decreased over time. Findings suggest an age-dependent role of gene-environment interactions on ADHD symptoms across adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djûke M Brinksma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara van den Hoofdakker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies de Bildt
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands; Accare Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Placental and cord blood brain derived neurotrophic factor levels are decreased in nondiabetic macrosomia. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 296:205-213. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Bischoff AR, Pokhvisneva I, Léger É, Gaudreau H, Steiner M, Kennedy JL, O’Donnell KJ, Diorio J, Meaney MJ, Silveira PP. Dynamic interaction between fetal adversity and a genetic score reflecting dopamine function on developmental outcomes at 36 months. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177344. [PMID: 28505190 PMCID: PMC5432105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fetal adversity, evidenced by poor fetal growth for instance, is associated with increased risk for several diseases later in life. Classical cut-offs to characterize small (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) newborns are used to define long term vulnerability. We aimed at exploring the possible dynamism of different birth weight cut-offs in defining vulnerability in developmental outcomes (through the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development), using the example of a gene vs. fetal adversity interaction considering gene choices based on functional relevance to the studied outcome. Methods 36-month-old children from an established prospective birth cohort (Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability, and Neurodevelopment) were classified according to birth weight ratio (BWR) (SGA ≤0.85, LGA >1.15, exploring a wide range of other cut-offs) and genotyped for polymorphisms associated with dopamine signaling (TaqIA-A1 allele, DRD2-141C Ins/Ins, DRD4 7-repeat, DAT1-10- repeat, Met/Met-COMT), composing a score based on the described function, in which hypofunctional variants received lower scores. Results There were 251 children (123 girls and 128 boys). Using the classic cut-offs (0.85 and 1.15), there were no statistically significant interactions between the neonatal groups and the dopamine genetic score. However, when changing the cut-offs, it is possible to see ranges of BWR that could be associated with vulnerability to poorer development according to the variation in the dopamine function. Conclusion The classic birth weight cut-offs to define SGA and LGA newborns should be seen with caution, as depending on the outcome in question, the protocols for long-term follow up could be either too inclusive—therefore most costly, or unable to screen true vulnerabilities—and therefore ineffective to establish early interventions and primary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianne R. Bischoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irina Pokhvisneva
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quèbec, Canada
| | - Étienne Léger
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quèbec, Canada
| | - Hélène Gaudreau
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quèbec, Canada
| | - Meir Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James L. Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kieran J. O’Donnell
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quèbec, Canada
- Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Josie Diorio
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quèbec, Canada
| | - Michael J. Meaney
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quèbec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrícia P. Silveira
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quèbec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Noordermeer SDS, Luman M, Weeda WD, Buitelaar JK, Richards JS, Hartman CA, Hoekstra PJ, Franke B, Heslenfeld DJ, Oosterlaan J. Risk factors for comorbid oppositional defiant disorder in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 26:1155-1164. [PMID: 28283834 PMCID: PMC5610221 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-0972-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is highly prevalent in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Individuals with both ADHD and ODD (ADHD + ODD) show a considerably worse prognosis compared with individuals with either ADHD or ODD. Therefore, identification of risk factors for ADHD + ODD is essential and may contribute to the development of (early) preventive interventions. Participants were matched for age, gender, and ADHD-subtype (diagnostic groups), and did not differ in IQ. Predictors included pre- and perinatal risk factors (pregnancy duration, birth weight, maternal smoking during pregnancy), transgenerational factors (parental ADHD; parental warmth and criticism in diagnostic groups), and postnatal risk factors (parental socioeconomic status [SES], adverse life events, deviant peer affiliation). Three models were assessed, investigating risk factors for ADHD-only versus controls (N = 86), ADHD + ODD versus controls (N = 86), and ADHD + ODD versus ADHD-only (N = 90). Adverse life events and parental ADHD were risk factors for both ADHD + ODD and ADHD-only, and more adverse life events were an even stronger risk factor for comorbid ODD compared with ADHD-only. For ADHD + ODD, but not ADHD-only, parental criticism, deviant peer affiliation, and parental SES acted as risk factors. Maternal smoking during pregnancy acted as minor risk factor for ADHD-only, while higher birth weight acted as minor risk factor for ADHD + ODD. No effects of age were present. Findings emphasise the importance of these factors in the development of comorbid ODD. The identified risk factors may prove to be essential in preventive interventions for comorbid ODD in ADHD, highlighting the need for parent-focused interventions to take these factors into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri D. S. Noordermeer
- 0000 0004 1754 9227grid.12380.38Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Luman
- 0000 0004 1754 9227grid.12380.38Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter D. Weeda
- 0000 0001 2312 1970grid.5132.5Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K. Buitelaar
- 0000 0004 0444 9382grid.10417.33Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0624 8031grid.461871.dKarakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer S. Richards
- 0000 0004 0444 9382grid.10417.33Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0624 8031grid.461871.dKarakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina A. Hartman
- 0000 0004 0407 1981grid.4830.fUniversity of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. Hoekstra
- 0000 0004 0407 1981grid.4830.fUniversity of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- 0000 0004 0444 9382grid.10417.33Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Heslenfeld
- 0000 0004 1754 9227grid.12380.38Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- 0000 0004 1754 9227grid.12380.38Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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The adaptive calibration model of stress responsivity: An empirical test in the Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey study. Dev Psychopathol 2016; 29:1001-1021. [PMID: 27772536 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579416000985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The adaptive calibration model (ACM) is a theory of developmental programing focusing on calibration of stress response systems and associated life history strategies to local environmental conditions. In this article, we tested some key predictions of the ACM in a longitudinal study of Dutch adolescent males (11-16 years old; N = 351). Measures of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and adrenocortical activation, reactivity to, and recovery from social-evaluative stress validated the four-pattern taxonomy of the ACM via latent profile analysis, though with some deviations from expected patterns. The physiological profiles generally showed predicted associations with antecedent measures of familial and ecological conditions and life stress; as expected, high- and low-responsivity patterns were found under both low-stress and high-stress family conditions. The four patterns were also differentially associated with aggressive/rule-breaking behavior and withdrawn/depressed behavior. This study provides measured support for key predictions of the ACM and highlights important empirical issues and methodological challenges for future research.
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Chuang HL, Kuo CP, Li CY, Liao WC. Psychometric Testing of Behavior Assessment for Children. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2016; 10:39-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Prenatal smoking and childhood behavior problems: is the association mediated by birth weight? J Dev Orig Health Dis 2016; 7:273-281. [PMID: 26880155 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174416000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with both reduced birth weight and adverse neurobehavioral outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate longitudinal associations between maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood behavioral outcomes, and to determine the role of birth weight in mediating such associations. The study included 489 mother-child pairs. Prenatal exposures were assessed via maternal interviews conducted on average 1 year after delivery and child behavior assessments were completed at 5-12 years of age using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher Report Form (TRF). Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with externalizing and total behavior problems according to both mother and teacher report. Maternal smoking was also associated with the following percentage increases in scores: 41% (CBCL) and 44% (TRF) for aggressive behavior and 65% (CBCL) and 47% (TRF) for attention problems. Associations with behavior problems were attenuated or no longer observed for mothers that quit smoking in early pregnancy. The proportion of the total effect of maternal smoking on behavioral outcomes explained by differences in birth weight was small and ranged from 6.6% for externalizing behavior on the CBCL to 20.1% for rule-breaking behavior on the CBCL. Our results suggest that birth weight differences explain only a small proportion of the magnitude of association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and selected behavioral outcomes.
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Lukkari S, Hakko H, Taanila A, Räsänen P, Riala K, Herva A. Body size at birth and psychiatric disorders among adolescents: a clinical study of 310 under-age inpatient adolescents in Northern Finland. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55:414-21. [PMID: 24269195 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deviant birth measure is a risk factor for later somatic illness but also for later psychiatric disorders of the offspring. Only a few studies have examined the association of birth measures to later psychiatric disorders among adolescents. Studies on sex differences in these associations are scarce as well. METHODS The cases consisted of 508 adolescents (208 boys and 300 girls) aged 12-17 years, who were admitted to inpatient psychiatric hospitalization between 2001 and 2006. In addition, 478 healthy controls were derived from the Northern Finnish Birth Cohort 1986, born in approximately the same period and same area as the cases. Data of birth measures were collected from the National Birth Register for cases and from antenatal clinics for controls. Both cases and controls were interviewed using the Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime (K-SADS-PL) to assess psychiatric disorders. RESULTS The adolescent patients were statistically significantly shorter and had higher ponderal index at birth compared to healthy controls. In addition, the age of the mothers at adolescent's birth was significantly younger in the patients than the controls. After controlling for various covariates, a 2.4-fold increased likelihood for internalizing disorders was seen among male adolescents with high ponderal index. CONCLUSIONS The association of birth measures to psychiatric disorders was confirmed in our study, particularly among male adolescents suffering from internalizing disorders. Further studies in larger adolescent samples are needed to confirm our findings and clear up the association of high ponderal index to specific psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lukkari
- University of Oulu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry, Finland.
| | - H Hakko
- Oulu University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Finland
| | - A Taanila
- University of Oulu, Institute of Health Sciences, Finland; Oulu University Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Finland
| | - P Räsänen
- University of Oulu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry, Finland
| | - K Riala
- Oulu University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Finland; Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Finland
| | - A Herva
- Oulu University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Finland
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Lewis AJ, Galbally M, Gannon T, Symeonides C. Early life programming as a target for prevention of child and adolescent mental disorders. BMC Med 2014; 12:33. [PMID: 24559477 PMCID: PMC3932730 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-12-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper concerns future policy development and programs of research for the prevention of mental disorders based on research emerging from fetal and early life programming. The current review offers an overview of findings on pregnancy exposures such as maternal mental health, lifestyle factors, and potential teratogenic and neurotoxic exposures on child outcomes. Outcomes of interest are common child and adolescent mental disorders including hyperactive, behavioral and emotional disorders. This literature suggests that the preconception and perinatal periods offer important opportunities for the prevention of deleterious fetal exposures. As such, the perinatal period is a critical period where future mental health prevention efforts should be focused and prevention models developed. Interventions grounded in evidence-based recommendations for the perinatal period could take the form of public health, universal and more targeted interventions. If successful, such interventions are likely to have lifelong effects on (mental) health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew James Lewis
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Abstract
In the study reported here, the main question we investigated was whether attention style could be a conditional adaptation. We organized participants of the TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS; N = 2,230) into shifters, sustainers, and two comparison groups, depending on their performance on a shifting- and a sustained-attention task at age 11 years. Compared with sustainers, shifters reported more pre- and perinatal risk factors and more childhood stress, and they adopted a faster life-history strategy. These differences were not found between the comparison groups, who performed well or poorly on both tasks, which suggests that specialization for either sustained or shifting attention is the key to conditional adaptation. In a subsample ( n = 860), we found that stress did not increase depression risk in shifters, whereas a mismatch between early and recent stress predicted depression in sustainers. Cumulative stress predicted depression in the comparison group. These results suggest that shifters retain high levels of plasticity throughout life, whereas sustainers’ adapted their phenotype early in life to the expected mature environment.
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Marsman R, Oldehinkel AJ, Ormel J, Buitelaar JK. The dopamine receptor D4 gene and familial loading interact with perceived parenting in predicting externalizing behavior problems in early adolescence: the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS). Psychiatry Res 2013; 209:66-73. [PMID: 23246383 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Although externalizing behavior problems show in general a high stability over time, the course of externalizing behavior problems may vary from individual to individual. Our main goal was to investigate the predictive role of parenting on externalizing behavior problems. In addition, we investigated the potential moderating role of gender and genetic risk (operationalized as familial loading of externalizing behavior problems (FLE), and presence or absence of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) 7-repeat and 4-repeat allele, respectively). Perceived parenting (rejection, emotional warmth, and overprotection) and FLE were assessed in a population-based sample of 1768 10- to 12-year-old adolescents. Externalizing behavior problems were assessed at the same age and 212 years later by parent report (CBCL) and self-report (YSR). DNA was extracted from blood samples. Parental emotional warmth predicted lower, and parental overprotection and rejection predicted higher levels of externalizing behavior problems. Whereas none of the parenting factors interacted with gender and the DRD4 7-repeat allele, we did find interaction effects with FLE and the DRD4 4-repeat allele. That is, the predictive effect of parental rejection was only observed in adolescents from low FLE families and the predictive effect of parental overprotection was stronger in adolescents not carrying the DRD4 4-repeat allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne Marsman
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Ficks CA, Lahey BB, Waldman ID. Does low birth weight share common genetic or environmental risk with childhood disruptive disorders? JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 122:842-53. [PMID: 23834065 DOI: 10.1037/a0033079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although advances in neonatal care over the past century have resulted in increased rates of survival among at-risk births, including infants with low birth weight, we have much to learn about psychological outcomes in this population. In particular, despite growing evidence that low birth weight may be associated with an increased risk for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) symptoms in childhood, few studies have examined birth weight as a risk factor for disruptive disorders that commonly co-occur with ADHD. In addition, the etiology of the relation between birth weight and these disorders is unknown. The current investigation aimed to better understand these associations in the context of potentially confounding genetic and environmental influences by examining phenotypic associations between birth weight and disruptive disorder symptoms both between families and within families in two independent twin samples (Sample 1: N = 1,676 individuals; Sample 2: N = 4,038 individuals). We found negative associations between birth weight and inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, and broad externalizing symptoms in both samples. Nonetheless, the overall magnitude of these associations was very small, contributing to less than 1% of the variance in these symptom dimensions. Within-family associations between birth weight and disruptive disorder symptoms did not differ for monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs, suggesting that nonshared environmental influences rather than common genetic influences are responsible for these associations. Overall, the consistent albeit weak associations between birth weight and disruptive disorder symptoms suggest that low birth weight may not represent a major risk factor in the development of these symptoms.
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Abstract
This study examined trajectories of smoking during pregnancy among low-income smokers and differences on demographics, psychopathology, and smoking outcome expectancies among women with different smoking trajectories. The sample consisted of 215 urban pregnant smokers living in the United States. Results indicated four trajectories of smoking and significant changes over time within each trajectory. Persistent smokers had the highest demographic and mental health risks, reported higher craving compared to light smokers, and were more likely to endorse smoking to reduce negative affect, for state enhancement motives. Implications for intervention are discussed. The study was funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina D Eiden
- Research Institute on Addictions, State University of Buffalo at New York, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.
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Imaging gene and environmental effects on cerebellum in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and typical development. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2012; 2:103-10. [PMID: 24179763 PMCID: PMC3777835 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of XKR4, a recently identified candidate gene for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), birth weight, and their interaction on brain volume in ADHD. XKR4 is expressed in cerebellum and low birth weight has been associated both with changes in cerebellum and with ADHD, probably due to its relation with prenatal adversity. Anatomical MRI scans were acquired in 58 children with ADHD and 64 typically developing controls and processed to obtain volumes of cerebrum, cerebellum and gray and white matter in each structure. DNA was collected from saliva. Analyses including data on birth weight were conducted in a subset of 37 children with ADHD and 51 controls where these data were retrospectively collected using questionnaires. There was an interaction between genotype and birth weight for cerebellum gray matter volume (p = .020). The combination of homozygosity for the G-allele (the allele previously found to be overtransmitted in ADHD) and higher birth weight was associated with smaller volume. Furthermore, birth weight was positively associated with cerebellar white matter volume in controls, but not ADHD (interaction: p = .021). The interaction of genotype with birth weight affecting cerebellum gray matter is consistent with models that emphasize increased influence of genetic risk-factors in an otherwise favorable prenatal environment. The absence of an association between birth weight and cerebellum white matter volume in ADHD suggests that other genetic or environmental effects may be at play, unrelated to XKR4. These results underscore the importance of considering environmental effects in imaging genetics studies.
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Jaspers M, de Winter AF, Huisman M, Verhulst FC, Ormel J, Stewart RE, Reijneveld SA. Trajectories of psychosocial problems in adolescents predicted by findings from early well-child assessments. J Adolesc Health 2012; 51:475-83. [PMID: 23084169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Revised: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe trajectories of emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents and to identify early indicators of these trajectories using data from routine well-child assessments at ages 0-4 years. METHODS Data from three assessment waves of adolescents (n = 1,816) of the TRAILS were used (ages: 11-17 years). Information on early indicators (at ages 0-4 years) came from the records of the well-child services. Trajectories of emotional and behavioral problems were based on the parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist and the adolescent-reported Youth Self-Report, filled out at ages 11, 14, and 17 years. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine the predictive value of these early indicators on trajectories. RESULTS For boys and girls, we found four trajectories for each outcome: one with high problem levels, and three with middle-high, middle-low, and low levels. For emotional problems, the type of trajectory was predicted by parental educational level and parental divorce or single parents, for both genders. Moreover, sleep problems were predictive in boys and language problems in girls (odds ratios between 1.53 and 7.42). For behavioral problems, the type of trajectory was predicted by maternal smoking during pregnancy, parental educational level, and parental divorce or single parents, for both genders. Moreover, for boys, early behavioral problems and attention hyperactivity problems were predictive (odds ratios between 1.64 and 5.43). CONCLUSIONS Trajectories of emotional and behavioral problems during adolescence are rather stable and can be predicted by a parsimonious set of data from early well-child assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlijne Jaspers
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Ormel J, Oldehinkel AJ, Sijtsema J, van Oort F, Raven D, Veenstra R, Vollebergh WAM, Verhulst FC. The TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS): design, current status, and selected findings. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2012; 51:1020-36. [PMID: 23021478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were as follows: to present a concise overview of the sample, outcomes, determinants, non-response and attrition of the ongoing TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS), which started in 2001; to summarize a selection of recent findings on continuity, discontinuity, risk, and protective factors of mental health problems; and to document the development of psychopathology during adolescence, focusing on whether the increase of problem behavior often seen in adolescence is a general phenomenon or more prevalent in vulnerable teens, thereby giving rise to diverging developmental pathways. METHOD The first and second objectives were achieved using descriptive statistics and selective review of previous TRAILS publications; and the third objective by analyzing longitudinal data on internalizing and externalizing problems using Linear Mixed Models (LMM). RESULTS The LMM analyses supported the notion of diverging pathways for rule-breaking behaviors but not for anxiety, depression, or aggression. Overall, rule-breaking (in both genders) and withdrawn/depressed behavior (in girls) increased, whereas aggression and anxious/depressed behavior decreased during adolescence. CONCLUSIONS TRAILS has produced a wealth of data and has contributed substantially to our understanding of mental health problems and social development during adolescence. Future waves will expand this database into adulthood. The typical development of problem behaviors in adolescence differs considerably across both problem dimensions and gender. Developmental pathways during adolescence suggest accumulation of risk (i.e., diverging pathways) for rule-breaking behavior. However, those of anxiety, depression and aggression slightly converge, suggesting the influence of counter-forces and changes in risk unrelated to initial problem levels and underlying vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Ormel
- Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen.
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Eiden RD, Leonard KE, Colder CR, Homish GG, Schuetze P, Gray TR, Huestis MA. Anger, hostility, and aggression as predictors of persistent smoking during pregnancy. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2011; 72:926-32. [PMID: 22051206 PMCID: PMC3211963 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2011.72.926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the role of anger, hostility, and aggression, in addition to depression and stress, in predicting persistent smoking during pregnancy in a low-income sample. METHOD The sample consisted of 270 pregnant women (189 smokers, 81 nonsmokers) recruited into a prospective study of prenatal cigarette exposure in the first trimester. Persistent pregnancy smoking was defined as self-reporting daily smoking in at least two trimesters, a positive salivary cotinine level in at least two trimesters, or infant meconium positive for nicotine and/ or its metabolites. RESULTS Persistent smokers reported higher prenatal stress and negative affect symptoms (depression, anger, hostility, aggression) than nonpersistent smokers or nonsmokers. However, in the context of model testing, maternal anger, hostility, and aggression each accounted for unique variance in persistent smoking, whereas symptoms of depression and stress did not. CONCLUSIONS To date, interventions for pregnant low-income smokers have been largely ineffective. The current results suggest that anger management interventions may be particularly effective for low-income persistent pregnant smokers and may be more likely to prevent relapse than depression-focused interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina D. Eiden
- Correspondence may be sent to Rina D. Eiden at the above address or via email at: . Craig R. Colder is with the Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Gregory G. Homish is with the Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Pamela Schuetze is with the Department of Psychology, Buffalo State College, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Teresa R. Gray and Marilyn A. Huestis are with Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Craig R. Colder
- Correspondence may be sent to Rina D. Eiden at the above address or via email at: . Craig R. Colder is with the Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Gregory G. Homish is with the Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Pamela Schuetze is with the Department of Psychology, Buffalo State College, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Teresa R. Gray and Marilyn A. Huestis are with Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Gregory G. Homish
- Correspondence may be sent to Rina D. Eiden at the above address or via email at: . Craig R. Colder is with the Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Gregory G. Homish is with the Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Pamela Schuetze is with the Department of Psychology, Buffalo State College, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Teresa R. Gray and Marilyn A. Huestis are with Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Pamela Schuetze
- Correspondence may be sent to Rina D. Eiden at the above address or via email at: . Craig R. Colder is with the Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Gregory G. Homish is with the Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Pamela Schuetze is with the Department of Psychology, Buffalo State College, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Teresa R. Gray and Marilyn A. Huestis are with Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Teresa R. Gray
- Correspondence may be sent to Rina D. Eiden at the above address or via email at: . Craig R. Colder is with the Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Gregory G. Homish is with the Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Pamela Schuetze is with the Department of Psychology, Buffalo State College, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Teresa R. Gray and Marilyn A. Huestis are with Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Marilyn A. Huestis
- Correspondence may be sent to Rina D. Eiden at the above address or via email at: . Craig R. Colder is with the Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Gregory G. Homish is with the Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Pamela Schuetze is with the Department of Psychology, Buffalo State College, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. Teresa R. Gray and Marilyn A. Huestis are with Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
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Abstract
Evidence suggests that a curvilinear relationship may exist between birth weight and later psychopathology. Increases in the prevalence of macrosomia and of two of its risk factors (maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and diabetes mellitus) and their amenability to intervention argue for a critical review of the association between macrosomia and mental illness. Of the nine studies in adults and six studies in youth that have examined associations between macrosomia and psychiatric disorders, seven have provided evidence suggestive of a link. Significant methodological variability and an inability to adjust for important confounders limit the findings of these studies. As a result, it remains unclear if individuals born macrosomic are at increased risk for psychopathology later in life. Future work should attempt to examine a broader range of psychiatric outcomes, use validated measures, include data on putative confounders and utilize genetically sensitive designs to assess associations between macrosomia, its precursors and later psychological and emotional functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Van Lieshout
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences and the Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Van Lieshout RJ, Boyle MH. Canadian youth born large or small for gestational age and externalizing and internalizing problems. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2011; 56:227-34. [PMID: 21507279 DOI: 10.1177/070674371105600406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if youth born large for gestational age (LGA; birth weight above the 95th percentile) or small for gestational age (SGA; less than the fifth percentile) are at an increased risk of developing symptoms of externalizing and internalizing problems. METHOD Data on members of the Ontario Child Health Study aged 4 to 16 years were used to examine associations between LGA, SGA, and psychopathology. This sample consisted of 2923 youth about whom parent, teacher, and self-reported levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms were available, and whose caregivers retrospectively reported birth weight and gestational age (GA). Psychopathology was assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-oriented scales derived from the Child Behavior Checklist. RESULTS Multilevel linear regression analyses revealed that after adjustment for parental psychopathology, socioeconomic disadvantage, sex, age, maternal age, birth order, and child health and school performance, youth born LGA had higher scores on the self-reported externalizing scale (1.39, 95% CI 0.01 to 2.78), but not internalizing scale, compared with youth born at an appropriate weight for GA (10th to 90th percentile). Parent and teacher ratings generally supported these findings in direction but did not reach statistical significance. Youth and parents reported increased levels of externalizing and internalizing symptoms in youth born SGA, but these were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Youth born above the 95th percentile for GA manifest increased levels of externalizing symptoms. Given increasing rates of macrosomic births, further study is warranted to replicate and determine the clinical significance of these findings, the contribution of the antecedents of LGA to this risk and the extent to which this association may be causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Van Lieshout
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario.
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Brennan PA, Hammen C, Sylvers P, Bor W, Najman J, Lind P, Montgomery G, Smith AK. Interactions between the COMT Val108/158Met polymorphism and maternal prenatal smoking predict aggressive behavior outcomes. Biol Psychol 2011; 87:99-105. [PMID: 21356266 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study is to examine the moderating influence of the catechol O methyltransferase gene (COMT) on the maternal prenatal smoking/offspring externalizing disorder relationship. The sample consisted of 430 young adults born between 1981 and 1984 at the Mater Misericordiae Mother's Hospital in Brisbane, Australia, as well as their mothers and peers. Mothers reported their prenatal smoking status during pregnancy, and genetic data was obtained from the youth at a later follow-up in adulthood. The outcome measures in this study were mother and teacher reports of youth attention problems and aggression at age 15, and youth, mother and peer reports of youth attention problems and aggression at age 20 (combined to create latent factors of attention problems and aggression at each age). The COMT Val108/158Met polymorphism (rs4680) significantly interacted with maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy to predict youth aggressive behavior at ages 15 and 20. This gene-environment interaction was not significant for youth attention problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Brennan
- Department of Psychology, 36 Eagle Row, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Keyes KM, Keyes MA, March D, Susser E. Levels of risk: maternal-, middle childhood-, and neighborhood-level predictors of adolescent disinhibitory behaviors from a longitudinal birth cohort in the United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 4:22-37. [PMID: 21483643 DOI: 10.1080/17523281.2011.533445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Disruptive behavior in adolescence may indicate a broad vulnerability to disinhibition, which begins in childhood and culminates in adult externalizing psychopathology. We utilized prospective birth cohort data to assess childhood predictors of adolescent disinhibition. We also examined the effect of pre-adolescent fluctuation in cognitive ability. METHODS: Data were drawn from the Child Health and Development Study cohort, born 1961-1963; we used the subsample who participated in follow-up through adolescence (n=1752). Six indicators of behavioral disinhibition (BD), reported in adolescence, were analyzed as a count outcome. Predictor variables were drawn from several waves of data collection and included individual-, maternal-, and neighborhood-level measures. Cognitive ability was assessed with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test at two time points. Neighborhood characteristics were assessed using census data from 1970. RESULTS: Number of BD indicators was predicted by maternal characteristics at prenatal assessment (maternal age and alcohol consumption) and age-10 assessment (maternal smoking, education, and separation from father). Characteristics of the child that predicted BD included birth order and conduct problems in middle childhood. Neighborhood poverty did not predict BD. Regardless of initial cognitive ability score, movement to a higher quartile by adolescence was associated with lower BD, while movement to a lower quartile was associated with higher BD. CONCLUSION: Risk for adolescent BD exists prenatally and extends through middle childhood. Change in cognitive ability during pre-adolescence emerged as a potentially important factor that merits further investigation. A greater focus on the life course can aid in comprehensively understanding disruptive behavior emergence in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Monshouwer K, Huizink AC, Harakeh Z, Raaijmakers QAW, Reijneveld SA, Oldehinkel AJ, Verhulst FC, Vollebergh WAM. Prenatal smoking exposure and the risk of behavioral problems and substance use in adolescence: the TRAILS study. Eur Addict Res 2011; 17:342-50. [PMID: 22116508 DOI: 10.1159/000334507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study the prospective relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSP) and behavioral problems, heavy alcohol use, daily smoking, and ever use of cannabis in the offspring, and to assess the role of confounding and mediating factors in a systematic way. METHODS Population-based cohort study of 2,230 respondents, starting in 2001 when respondents were around the age of 11 years, and two follow-up measurements at intervals of about 2.5 years (response rates of 96.0 and 81.4%). RESULTS Almost one third of the respondents' mothers had smoked tobacco during pregnancy. These respondents were at an increased risk for all outcomes except internalizing problems (significant odds ratios ranged from 1.40 to 2.97). The successive models showed that the potential confounding factors reduced the strength of all relationships. In the full model, the strongest relationship was found for mothers who smoked more than 10 cigarettes a day during pregnancy and daily smoking in early adolescence (odds ratio: 1.56), but none of the relationships were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS MSP is a marker for future behavioral outcomes in the offspring, but reducing the prevalence of MSP is unlikely to make a meaningful contribution to the prevention of these problems in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Monshouwer
- Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Nederhof E, Bouma EMC, Riese H, Laceulle OM, Ormel J, Oldehinkel AJ. Evidence for plasticity genotypes in a gene-gene-environment interaction: the TRAILS study. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2010; 9:968-73. [PMID: 20738408 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2010.00637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Nederhof
- Interdisciplinary Center for Psychiatric Epidemiology, Department of Psychiatry and Unit of Genetic Epidemiology & Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology (HR), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Nederhof E, Bouma EMC, Oldehinkel AJ, Ormel J. Interaction between childhood adversity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor val/met and serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism on depression: the TRAILS study. Biol Psychiatry 2010; 68:209-12. [PMID: 20553751 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The three-way interaction between the functional polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene linked promoter region, the val66met polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene, and childhood adversity in the prediction of depression in children, reported by Kaufman and colleagues in 2006, has only been confirmed in adult samples. This study examines the gene-by-gene-by-environment interaction in an adolescent sample. METHODS In a longitudinal population-based study, depression scores were assessed with the Youth Self Report at ages 11, 13.5, and 16. Pre- and perinatal adversities and childhood events were assessed in a parent interview at age 11. Long-term difficulties until age 11 were assessed with a parent questionnaire at age 13.5. Blood or buccal cells were collected for genotyping at age 16. The study included 1096 complete data sets. RESULTS Depression score over the three measurements was not significantly predicted by any interaction between genotypes and childhood adversities. CONCLUSIONS We were unable to confirm the three-way interaction in a representative, population-based sample of adolescents. The large sample resulted in adequate power, which in combination with the reliability of our measures gives confidence in our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Nederhof
- Interdisciplinary Center for Psychiatric Epidemiology, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Kingdom of the Netherlands.
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Role of perinatal adversities on tic severity and symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents with a tic disorder. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2010; 31:100-6. [PMID: 20110829 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0b013e3181cc7cbc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of perinatal adversities with regard to tic severity and comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children with a tic disorder. METHODS In 75 children and adolescents with a tic disorder, we retrospectively assessed presence of pregnancy, delivery, and postnatal complications and of prenatal exposure to smoking and alcohol. Children with and without these perinatal adversities were compared regarding tic and ADHD symptom severity. Furthermore, through linear regressions, we investigated whether perinatal adversities would interact with presence in first-degree relatives of tic or any mental disorders with the tic or ADHD measure as outcome. RESULTS Presence of delivery complications was related to tic severity and prenatal smoking exposure to severity of comorbid ADHD symptoms. The relationship between smoking exposure in utero and ADHD symptom severity appeared to be more pronounced in children with a positive family history of mental disorders. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence of a role for perinatal adversities in the etiology of tic disorders. Children with perinatal adversities may be vulnerable to develop more severe tics or comorbid ADHD symptoms in the presence of a positive family history of mental disorders, suggesting a role for gene-environment interactions.
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Smith AM, Dwoskin LP, Pauly JR. Early exposure to nicotine during critical periods of brain development: Mechanisms and consequences. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC BIOCHEMISTRY 2010; 1:125-141. [PMID: 24904708 PMCID: PMC4042244 DOI: 10.3233/jpb-2010-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco use during pregnancy continues to be a major problem with more than 16% of pregnant women in the United States continuing to smoke during pregnancy. Tobacco smoke is known to contain more than 4,000 different chemicals, and while many of these compounds have the potential to interfere with proper neurodevelopment, there is direct evidence that nicotine, the major psychoactive substance present in tobacco, acts as a neuroteratogen. Nicotine activates, and subsequently desensitizes, neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes (AChRs), which are expressed in the developing central nervous system (CNS) prior to the in-growth of cholinergic neurons. Nicotinic AChRs are present by the first trimester of development in both humans and rodents, and activation of these receptors by acetylcholine is thought to play a critical role in CNS development. The purpose of the current review is to provide an overview of the role that nicotinic AChRs play in the developing CNS and to describe the effects of nicotine exposure during early development on neuronal cell biology, nicotinic AChR expression and neurotransmitter system (e.g., dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin) function. In particular, differences that occur as a result of the timing and duration of nicotine exposure will be discussed. Emphasis will be placed on preclinical studies examining particular periods of time which correspond to periods of prenatal development in humans (i.e., first, second and third trimesters). Finally, the effects of early nicotine exposure on neurobehavioral development as it pertains to specific disorders, i.e., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression and addiction, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Smith
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0082, USA
| | - Linda P. Dwoskin
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0082, USA
| | - James R. Pauly
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0082, USA
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Externalizing behaviors in preadolescents: familial risk to externalizing behaviors and perceived parenting styles. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2010; 19:567-75. [PMID: 20041337 PMCID: PMC2892086 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-009-0086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the contribution of familial risk to externalizing behaviors (FR-EXT), perceived parenting styles, and their interactions to the prediction of externalizing behaviors in preadolescents. Participants were preadolescents aged 10-12 years who participated in TRAILS, a large prospective population-based cohort study in the Netherlands (N = 2,230). Regression analyses were used to determine the relative contribution of FR-EXT and perceived parenting styles to parent and teacher ratings of externalizing behaviors. FR-EXT was based on lifetime parental externalizing psychopathology and the different parenting styles (emotional warmth, rejection, and overprotection) were based on the child's perspective. We also investigated whether different dimensions of perceived parenting styles had different effects on subdomains of externalizing behavior. We found main effects for FR-EXT (vs. no FR-EXT), emotional warmth, rejection, and overprotection that were fairly consistent across rater and outcome measures. More specific, emotional warmth was the most consistent predictor of all outcome measures, and rejection was a stronger predictor of aggression and delinquency than of inattention. Interaction effects were found for FR-EXT and perceived parental rejection and overprotection; other interactions between FR-EXT and parenting styles were not significant. Correlations between FR-EXT and perceived parenting styles were absent or very low and were without clinical significance. Predominantly main effects of FR-EXT and perceived parenting styles independently contribute to externalizing behaviors in preadolescents, suggesting FR-EXT and parenting styles to be two separate areas of causality. The relative lack of gene-environment interactions may be due to the epidemiological nature of the study, the preadolescent age of the subjects, the measurement level of parenting and the measurement level of FR-EXT, which might be a consequence of both genetic and environmental factors.
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Does HPA-axis activity mediate the relationship between obstetric complications and externalizing behavior problems? The TRAILS study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009; 18:565-73. [PMID: 19353232 PMCID: PMC2721131 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-009-0014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To examine whether HPA-axis activity mediates the relationship between obstetric complications (OCs) and externalizing behavior problems, and to investigate whether this model is different for boys and girls. In a population-based cohort of 1,768 10- to 12-year-old early adolescents, we assessed the cortisol awakening response and evening cortisol levels. Externalizing behavior problems were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist and the Youth Self-Report. OCs were retrospectively assessed in a parent interview. OCs significantly predicted externalizing behavior problems, but OCs did not predict HPA-axis activity. Thus, the mediation model was not supported. In addition to the relationship between HPA-axis activity and externalizing behavior problems, which is specific for girls, there is also a relationship between OCs and externalizing behavior problems. However, these two mechanisms are not related to each other indicating that HPA-axis activity is not a mediator in the relationship between OCs and externalizing behavior problems. Future research should focus on understanding the mechanism through which OCs cause externalizing behavior problems.
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