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Gregersen M, Møllegaard Jepsen JR, Rohd SB, Søndergaard A, Brandt JM, Ellersgaard D, Hjorthøj C, Ohland J, Krantz MF, Wilms M, Andreassen AK, Veddum L, Knudsen CB, Greve AN, Bliksted V, Mors O, Clemmensen L, Nordentoft M, Hemager N, Elgaard Thorup AA. Developmental Pathways and Clinical Outcomes of Early Childhood Psychotic Experiences in Preadolescent Children at Familial High Risk of Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder: A Prospective, Longitudinal Cohort Study - The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study, VIA 11. Am J Psychiatry 2022; 179:628-639. [PMID: 36048497 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21101076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychotic experiences are common in children and adolescents and are associated with concurrent and subsequent psychopathology. Most findings originate from general population studies, whereas little is known of the clinical outcomes of psychotic experiences in children and adolescents at familial high risk of psychosis. We examined the prevalence of psychotic experiences in middle childhood and whether early childhood psychotic experiences and developmental pathways of psychotic experiences predicted mental disorders in middle childhood in children at familial high risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ), bipolar disorder (FHR-BP), and a population-based control group. METHODS In a longitudinal population-based cohort study children at FHR-SZ (N=170), FHR-BP (N=103), and the control group (N=174) were assessed for psychotic experiences and axis I disorders with face-to-face interviews in early and middle childhood (at 7 and 11 years of age). RESULTS Psychotic experiences were more prevalent in children at FHR-SZ (31.8%, odds ratio 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.4) than in the control group (18.4%) in middle childhood. Early childhood psychotic experiences predicted mental disorders in middle childhood after adjusting for early childhood disorders and familial risk (odds ratio 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.1). Having three or more psychotic experiences increased odds the most (odds ratio 2.5, 95% CI 1.1-5.7). Persistent psychotic experiences were associated with increased odds of middle childhood disorders (odds ratio 4.1, 95% CI 2.1-8.4). Psychotic experiences were nondifferentially associated with mental disorders across the three familial risk groups. CONCLUSIONS Early childhood psychotic experiences predict mental disorders in middle childhood. Psychotic experiences index vulnerability for psychopathology nondifferentially in children at familial high risk and the control group. Psychotic experiences should be included in mental health screenings including children at familial high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Gregersen
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Sinnika Birkehøj Rohd
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Anne Søndergaard
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Julie Marie Brandt
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Ditte Ellersgaard
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Carsten Hjorthøj
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Jessica Ohland
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Mette Falkenberg Krantz
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Martin Wilms
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Anna Krogh Andreassen
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Lotte Veddum
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Christina Bruun Knudsen
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Vibeke Bliksted
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Ole Mors
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Lars Clemmensen
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
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