1
|
Russell MV, Messer TL, Repert DA, Smith RL, Bartelt-Hunt S, Snow DD, Reed AP. Influence of Four Veterinary Antibiotics on Constructed Treatment Wetland Nitrogen Transformation. TOXICS 2024; 12:346. [PMID: 38787125 PMCID: PMC11125918 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The use of wetlands as a treatment approach for nitrogen in runoff is a common practice in agroecosystems. However, nitrate is not the sole constituent present in agricultural runoff and other biologically active contaminants have the potential to affect nitrate removal efficiency. In this study, the impacts of the combined effects of four common veterinary antibiotics (chlortetracycline, sulfamethazine, lincomycin, monensin) on nitrate-N treatment efficiency in saturated sediments and wetlands were evaluated in a coupled microcosm/mesocosm scale experiment. Veterinary antibiotics were hypothesized to significantly impact nitrogen speciation (e.g., nitrate and ammonium) and nitrogen uptake and transformation processes (e.g., plant uptake and denitrification) within the wetland ecosystems. To test this hypothesis, the coupled study had three objectives: 1. assess veterinary antibiotic impact on nitrogen cycle processes in wetland sediments using microcosm incubations, 2. measure nitrate-N reduction in water of floating treatment wetland systems over time following the introduction of veterinary antibiotic residues, and 3. identify the fate of veterinary antibiotics in floating treatment wetlands using mesocosms. Microcosms containing added mixtures of the veterinary antibiotics had little to no effect at lower concentrations but stimulated denitrification potential rates at higher concentrations. Based on observed changes in the nitrogen loss in the microcosm experiments, floating treatment wetland mesocosms were enriched with 1000 μg L-1 of the antibiotic mixture. Rates of nitrate-N loss observed in mesocosms with the veterinary antibiotic enrichment were consistent with the microcosm experiments in that denitrification was not inhibited, even at the high dosage. In the mesocosm experiments, average nitrate-N removal rates were not found to be impacted by the veterinary antibiotics. Further, veterinary antibiotics were primarily found in the roots of the floating treatment wetland biomass, accumulating approximately 190 mg m-2 of the antibiotic mixture. These findings provide new insight into the impact that veterinary antibiotic mixtures may have on nutrient management strategies for large-scale agricultural operations and the potential for veterinary antibiotic removal in these wetlands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew V. Russell
- Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department, University of Kentucky, 128 Barnhardt, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
| | - Tiffany L. Messer
- Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department, University of Kentucky, 128 Barnhardt, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
| | - Deborah A. Repert
- United States Geological Survey, Water Resources Mission Area, 3215 Marine St., Boulder, CO 80303, USA; (D.A.R.); (R.L.S.); (A.P.R.)
| | - Richard L. Smith
- United States Geological Survey, Water Resources Mission Area, 3215 Marine St., Boulder, CO 80303, USA; (D.A.R.); (R.L.S.); (A.P.R.)
| | - Shannon Bartelt-Hunt
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA;
| | - Daniel D. Snow
- School of Natural Resources, East Campus, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 101 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
- Water Sciences Laboratory, East Campus, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1840 N. 37th Street, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Ariel P. Reed
- United States Geological Survey, Water Resources Mission Area, 3215 Marine St., Boulder, CO 80303, USA; (D.A.R.); (R.L.S.); (A.P.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bueno de Mesquita CP, Hartman WH, Ardón M, Tringe SG. Disentangling the effects of sulfate and other seawater ions on microbial communities and greenhouse gas emissions in a coastal forested wetland. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:ycae040. [PMID: 38628812 PMCID: PMC11020224 DOI: 10.1093/ismeco/ycae040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Seawater intrusion into freshwater wetlands causes changes in microbial communities and biogeochemistry, but the exact mechanisms driving these changes remain unclear. Here we use a manipulative laboratory microcosm experiment, combined with DNA sequencing and biogeochemical measurements, to tease apart the effects of sulfate from other seawater ions. We examined changes in microbial taxonomy and function as well as emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide in response to changes in ion concentrations. Greenhouse gas emissions and microbial richness and composition were altered by artificial seawater regardless of whether sulfate was present, whereas sulfate alone did not alter emissions or communities. Surprisingly, addition of sulfate alone did not lead to increases in the abundance of sulfate reducing bacteria or sulfur cycling genes. Similarly, genes involved in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling responded more strongly to artificial seawater than to sulfate. These results suggest that other ions present in seawater, not sulfate, drive ecological and biogeochemical responses to seawater intrusion and may be drivers of increased methane emissions in soils that received artificial seawater addition. A better understanding of how the different components of salt water alter microbial community composition and function is necessary to forecast the consequences of coastal wetland salinization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clifton P Bueno de Mesquita
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Wyatt H Hartman
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Marcelo Ardón
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Susannah G Tringe
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ury EA, Ardón M, Wright JP, Bernhardt ES. Restored forested wetland surprisingly resistant to experimental salinization. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296128. [PMID: 38128024 PMCID: PMC10734931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinization of coastal freshwater wetlands is an increasingly common and widespread phenomenon resulting from climate change. The ecosystem consequences of added salinity are poorly constrained and highly variable across prior observational and experimental studies. We added 1.8 metric tons of marine salts to replicated 200 m2 plots within a restored forested wetland in Eastern North Carolina over the course of four years. Based on prior small-scale experiments at this site, we predicted that salinization would lead to slower tree growth and suppressed soil carbon cycling. Results from this large-scale field experiment were subtle and inconsistent over space and time. By the fourth year of the experiment, we observed the predicted suppression of soil respiration and a reduction of water extractable carbon from soils receiving salt treatments. However, we found no cumulative effects of four years of salinization on total soil carbon stocks, tree growth, or root biomass. We observed substantial variation in soil solution chemistry (notably, pH and base saturation) across replicated treatment blocks; the effective salt levels, ionic composition, and pH varied following treatment depending upon pre-existing differences in edaphic factors. Our multi-year monitoring also revealed an underlying trend of wetland acidification across the entire site, a suspected effect of ecosystem recovery following wetland restoration on former agricultural land. The overwhelming resistance to our salt treatments could be attributed to the vigor of a relatively young, healthy wetland ecosystem. The heterogeneous responses to salt that we observed over space and time merits further investigation into the environmental factors that control carbon cycling in wetlands. This work highlights the importance of multi-year, large-scale field experiments for investigating ecosystem responses to global environmental change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Ury
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Marcelo Ardón
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Justin P. Wright
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Emily S. Bernhardt
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sharma A, Kumar D, Rallapalli S, Singh AP. Wetland functional assessment and uncertainty analysis using fuzzy α-cut-based modified hydrogeomorphic approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27556-3. [PMID: 37184791 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands are significant ecosystems which perform several functions such as ground water recharge, flood control, carbon sequestration, and pollution reduction. Accurate evaluation of wetland functions is challenging, due to uncertainty associated with variables such as vegetation, soil, hydrology, land use, and landscape. Uncertainty is due to the factors such as the cost of evaluating quality parameters, measurement, and human errors. This study proposes an innovative framework based on modified hydrogeomorphic approach (HGMA) using fuzzy α-cut technique. HGMA has been used for wetland functional assessment and α-cut technique is used to characterize uncertainty corresponding to the input variables and wetland functions. The most uncertain variables were found to be the density of wetlands and basin count in the landscape assessment area with the scores of 4.38% and 3.614% respectively. Among the functions, the highest uncertainty is found in functional capacity index (FCI) corresponding to water storage (1.697%) and retain particulate (1.577%). The quantified uncertainty can help the practitioners to make informed decisions regarding planning best management practices for preserving and restoring the wetland functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Dhruv Kumar
- Computer Science and Engineering, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Srinivas Rallapalli
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin cities, USA.
| | - Ajit Pratap Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qin L, Jiang M, Freeman C, Zou Y, Gao C, Tian W, Wang G. Agricultural land use regulates the fate of soil phosphorus fractions following the reclamation of wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160891. [PMID: 36526180 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Over half of the Earth's wetlands have been reclaimed for agriculture, leading to significant soil P destabilization and leaching risks. To evaluate the effects of agricultural land use on soil P stability, we used sequential P extraction to investigate the long-term effects of wetland cultivation for rice and soybean on soil P fractions, including labile and moderately labile inorganic/organic P (LPi, LPo, MPi, and MPo), and stable P in Northeast China. The results showed that soybean cultivation decreased the total P by 35.9 %, whereas rice cultivation did not influence the total P content (p < 0.05). Both the soybean and rice cultivations significantly increased LPi (p < 0.05). Soybean cultivation significantly decreased the LPo and MPo compared to rice cultivation, and the latter increased MPi by 309.28 % compared with the reference wetlands (p < 0.05). Redundancy analysis indicated that pH, poorly crystalline Fe (Feca), crystalline Fe (Fec), and total organic carbon (TOC) explained similar variations in P fractions during soybean and rice cultivation (54.9 % and 49.7 %, respectively). Similarly, during soybean or rice cultivation, pH negatively influenced LPo and MPo, while Feca positively influenced MPi and LPi. Furthermore, TOC showed a positive role in LPo, and MPo, but a negative effect on LPi and MPi during rice cultivation. Hence, we concluded that the cultivation of soybean or rice create contrasting modifications to wetland soil P fractionation by altering TOC, Feca, Fec, and pH. Our study indicates that agricultural land use can regulate the fate of wetland soil P fractionation, with potential benefits to both i) P risk management in cultivated wetlands and ii) potential approaches for future wetland restoration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Heilongjiang Xingkai Lake Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Heilongjiang Xingkai Lake Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Joint Key Lab of Changbaishan Wetland and Ecology, Jilin Province, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Chris Freeman
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Yuanchun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Heilongjiang Xingkai Lake Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Joint Key Lab of Changbaishan Wetland and Ecology, Jilin Province, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Chuanyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Heilongjiang Xingkai Lake Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Heilongjiang Xingkai Lake Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Swails EE, Ardón M, Krauss KW, Peralta AL, Emanuel RE, Helton AM, Morse JL, Gutenberg L, Cormier N, Shoch D, Settlemyer S, Soderholm E, Boutin BP, Peoples C, Ward S. Response of soil respiration to changes in soil temperature and water table level in drained and restored peatlands of the southeastern United States. CARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 17:18. [PMID: 36401735 PMCID: PMC9675111 DOI: 10.1186/s13021-022-00219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive drainage of peatlands in the southeastern United States coastal plain for the purposes of agriculture and timber harvesting has led to large releases of soil carbon as carbon dioxide (CO2) due to enhanced peat decomposition. Growth in mechanisms that provide financial incentives for reducing emissions from land use and land-use change could increase funding for hydrological restoration that reduces peat CO2 emissions from these ecosystems. Measuring soil respiration and physical drivers across a range of site characteristics and land use histories is valuable for understanding how CO2 emissions from peat decomposition may respond to raising water table levels. We combined measurements of total soil respiration, depth to water table from soil surface, and soil temperature from drained and restored peatlands at three locations in eastern North Carolina and one location in southeastern Virginia to investigate relationships among total soil respiration and physical drivers, and to develop models relating total soil respiration to parameters that can be easily measured and monitored in the field. RESULTS Total soil respiration increased with deeper water tables and warmer soil temperatures in both drained and hydrologically restored peatlands. Variation in soil respiration was more strongly linked to soil temperature at drained (R2 = 0.57, p < 0.0001) than restored sites (R2 = 0.28, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that drainage amplifies the impact of warming temperatures on peat decomposition. Proxy measurements for estimation of CO2 emissions from peat decomposition represent a considerable cost reduction compared to direct soil flux measurements for land managers contemplating the potential climate impact of restoring drained peatland sites. Research can help to increase understanding of factors influencing variation in soil respiration in addition to physical variables such as depth to water table and soil temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E E Swails
- TerraCarbon LLC, Peoria, IL, USA.
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia.
| | - M Ardón
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - K W Krauss
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | - A L Peralta
- East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | | | - A M Helton
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - J L Morse
- Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - N Cormier
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D Shoch
- TerraCarbon LLC, Peoria, IL, USA
| | | | - E Soderholm
- The Nature Conservancy, North Carolina Chapter, Durham, NC, USA
| | - B P Boutin
- The Nature Conservancy, North Carolina Chapter, Durham, NC, USA
| | - C Peoples
- The Nature Conservancy, North Carolina Chapter, Durham, NC, USA
| | - S Ward
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office, Raleigh, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Skinner M. Wetland phosphorus dynamics and phosphorus removal potential. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10799. [PMID: 36259138 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands are typically defined as inundated areas with hydric soils forming a transitional zone between terrestrial and aquatic systems. Wetlands have numerous ecosystem benefits, one of which is the potential to mitigate or reverse eutrophication of surface water bodies. The physical, chemical, and biological processes governing phosphorus cycling in wetlands are nuanced and complex; understanding these has direct relevance to the restoration of wetlands, particularly for projects aimed at improving water quality in adjacent water bodies. This literature review summarizes these processes and provides recommendations relevant to restoration of permanent and semipermanent flow-through wetlands, such as those in the Upper Klamath Basin of Oregon. It also reviews several wetland restoration studies assessing phosphorus removal. In summary, appropriately designed and managed wetlands can remove 25% to 44% of inflowing total phosphorus. Deposition of particulate matter, adsorption, uptake by biomass, and peat accretion are the primary phosphorus sequestration mechanisms in wetlands, depending on site-specific conditions (e.g., growing season length, vegetation communities, and soil type). In areas with relatively short growing seasons and where wintertime loads are targeted for treatment, as in the Upper Klamath Basin, deposition of particulate matter will be the primary mechanism for phosphorus sequestration in wetlands given that two of the three remaining processes occur during the growing season. Recommendations to maximize phosphorus sequestration in wetlands include the following: designing wetlands for hydraulic residence time of several days to weeks, managing wetlands for rapid establishment of wetland vegetation with limited decomposition potential (e.g., tule [hardstem bulrush] to facilitate peat accretion), and flooding during periods with low water temperatures and initially isolating restored wetlands from adjacent water bodies (both to minimize diffusive flux of phosphorus from wetland sediment to the water column). Relevant to the Upper Klamath Basin, there is also justification to prioritize areas with relatively high particulate phosphorus load given the potential limited capacity for phosphorus treatment associated with other sequestration mechanisms. Finally, a combination of mitigation and restoration strategies is necessary to achieve water quality objectives, meaning that wetland restoration alone may not be sufficient. Monitoring is advised to facilitate application of adaptive management principles. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Appropriately designed and managed wetlands can remove 25% to 44% of inflowing total phosphorus. Deposition of particulate matter, adsorption, uptake by biomass, and peat accretion are the primary phosphorus sequestration mechanisms in wetlands, depending on site-specific conditions (e.g., growing season length, vegetation communities, and soil type). Recommendations to maximize phosphorus sequestration in wetlands include designing wetlands for hydraulic residence time of several days to weeks; managing wetlands for rapid establishment of wetland vegetation with limited decomposition potential (e.g., tule [hardstem bulrush], to facilitate peat accretion); and flooding during periods with low water temperatures and initially isolating restored wetlands from adjacent water bodies (both to minimize diffusive flux of phosphorus from wetland sediment to the water column). A combination of mitigation and restoration strategies are necessary to achieve water quality objectives, meaning that wetland restoration alone may not be sufficient. Monitoring is advised to facilitate application of adaptive management principles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Skinner
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Klamath Falls Fish and Wildlife Office, Klamath Falls, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Begum MS, Lee MH, Park TJ, Lee SY, Shin KH, Shin HS, Chen M, Hur J. Source tracking of dissolved organic nitrogen at the molecular level during storm events in an agricultural watershed. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:152183. [PMID: 34896496 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Accelerated export of nitrogen-containing dissolved organic matter (DOM) or dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) to streams and rivers from agricultural watersheds has been reported worldwide. However, few studies have examined the dynamics of DOM molecular composition with the attention paid to the relative contributions of DON from various sources altered with flow conditions. In this study, end-member mixing analysis (EMMA) was conducted with the optical properties of DOM to quantify the relative contributions of several major organic matter sources (litter, reed, field soil, and manure) in two rivers of a small agricultural watershed. DOC and DON concentration increased during the storm events with an input of allochthonous DOM as indicated by an increase in specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254) and a decrease in biological index (BIX), fluorescence index (FI), and protein-like component (%C3) at high discharge. EMMA results based on a Bayesian mixing model using stable isotope analysis in R (SIAR) were more accurate in source tracking than those using the traditional IsoSource program. Manure (>30%) and field soil (also termed as "manure-impacted field soil") (>23%) end-members revealed their predominant contributions to the riverine DOM in SIAR model, which was enhanced during the storm event (up to 56% and 38%, respectively). The molecular composition of the riverine DOM exhibited a distinct footprint from the manure and manure-impacted field soil, with a larger number of CHON formulas and abundant polyphenols and condensed aromatics in peak flow samples in the studied rivers. The riverine DOM during peak flow contained many unique molecular formulas in both rivers (4980 and 2082) of which >60% originated from manure and manure-impacted field soil. Combining the EMMA with DOM molecular composition clearly demonstrated the effect of manure fertilizer on the riverine DOM of the watershed with intensive agriculture. This study provides insights into the source tracking and regulation of DON leaching from anthropogenically altered river systems worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Most Shirina Begum
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hee Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Tae Jun Park
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Seung Yoon Lee
- K-water Institute, 200 Sintanjin-Ro, Daedeok-Gu, Daejeon 34350, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sang Shin
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Meilian Chen
- Environmental Program, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Metagenomes from Experimental Hydrologic Manipulation of Restored Coastal Plain Wetland Soils (Tyrell County, North Carolina). Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/41/e00882-20. [PMID: 33033130 PMCID: PMC7545284 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00882-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrologic changes modify microbial community structure and ecosystem functions, especially in wetland systems. Here, we present 24 metagenomes from a coastal freshwater wetland experiment in which we manipulated hydrologic conditions and plant presence. These wetland soil metagenomes will deepen our understanding of how hydrology and vegetation influence microbial functional diversity. Hydrologic changes modify microbial community structure and ecosystem functions, especially in wetland systems. Here, we present 24 metagenomes from a coastal freshwater wetland experiment in which we manipulated hydrologic conditions and plant presence. These wetland soil metagenomes will deepen our understanding of how hydrology and vegetation influence microbial functional diversity.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ury EA, Anderson SM, Peet RK, Bernhardt ES, Wright JP. Succession, regression and loss: does evidence of saltwater exposure explain recent changes in the tree communities of North Carolina's Coastal Plain? ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 125:255-264. [PMID: 30953436 PMCID: PMC7442341 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Coastal plant communities globally are highly vulnerable to future sea-level rise and storm damage, but the extent to which these habitats are affected by the various environmental perturbations associated with chronic salinization remains unclear. In this study, we examine the relationship between North Carolina wetland tree community composition and basal area change and indicators of salinization such as soil salt ion content and elevation. METHODS We surveyed 34 forest plots in forested, freshwater wetlands across the Albemarle-Pamlico Peninsula. A subset of our study sites had been sampled during the previous decade as part of the Carolina Vegetation Survey, enabling us to investigate the environmental effects on current community structure, and community change over time. KEY RESULTS Multi-variate (ordination) analysis and linear regression models of tree community composition revealed that elevation and soil salt content were correlated with changes in total site tree basal area. Shifts in tree community composition were, however, only weakly correlated with indicators of salinization, specifically elevation, soil sulphate and sodium, but not chloride. While the majority of plots experienced gains in basal area over the past decade, consistent with secondary succession, sites with high soil salt content or low elevation experienced basal area (biomass) loss during the same period. CONCLUSIONS The key factors associated with chronic saltwater intrusion (soil ion content) likely explain recent changes in tree biomass, and potential shifts in community composition in low-elevation sites along the North Carolina coast. Not only is it probable that other coastal forest ecosystems worldwide will experience similar stressors and shifts in community biomass and structure as sea levels rise, but the ability of these habitats to deliver key ecosystem services like carbon sequestration and flood defence will be compromised as a result.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Ury
- Duke University Department of Biology, Durham, NC, USA
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - Steven M Anderson
- Duke University Department of Biology, Durham, NC, USA
- North Carolina State University Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Robert K Peet
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Biology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Matsuzaki SS, Kohzu A, Kadoya T, Watanabe M, Osawa T, Fukaya K, Komatsu K, Kondo N, Yamaguchi H, Ando H, Shimotori K, Nakagawa M, Kizuka T, Yoshioka A, Sasai T, Saigusa N, Matsushita B, Takamura N. Role of wetlands in mitigating the trade‐off between crop production and water quality in agricultural landscapes. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shin‐ichiro S. Matsuzaki
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies National Institute for Environmental Studies 16‐2 Onogawa Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8506 Japan
- Center for Limnology University of Wisconsin‐Madison 680 North Park Street Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - Ayato Kohzu
- Center for Regional Environmental Research National Institute for Environmental Studies 16‐2 Onogawa Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8506 Japan
| | - Taku Kadoya
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies National Institute for Environmental Studies 16‐2 Onogawa Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8506 Japan
| | - Mirai Watanabe
- Center for Regional Environmental Research National Institute for Environmental Studies 16‐2 Onogawa Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8506 Japan
| | - Takeshi Osawa
- Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University Minami‐Osawa 1‐1 Hachiouji Tokyo 192‐0397 Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukaya
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies National Institute for Environmental Studies 16‐2 Onogawa Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8506 Japan
- The Institute of Statistical Mathematics 10‐3 Midori‐cho Tachikawa Tokyo 190‐8562 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Komatsu
- Center for Regional Environmental Research National Institute for Environmental Studies 16‐2 Onogawa Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8506 Japan
| | - Natsuko Kondo
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies National Institute for Environmental Studies 16‐2 Onogawa Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8506 Japan
| | - Haruyo Yamaguchi
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies National Institute for Environmental Studies 16‐2 Onogawa Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8506 Japan
| | - Haruko Ando
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies National Institute for Environmental Studies 16‐2 Onogawa Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8506 Japan
| | - Koichi Shimotori
- Lake Biwa Branch Office National Institute for Environmental Studies 5‐34 Yanagasaki Ohtsu Shiga 520‐0022 Japan
| | - Megumi Nakagawa
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies National Institute for Environmental Studies 16‐2 Onogawa Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8506 Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kizuka
- Institute of Environmental Sciences Hokkaido Research Organization Kita19‐jo Nishi 12‐chome, Kita‐ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060‐0819 Japan
| | - Akira Yoshioka
- Fukushima Branch National Institute for Environmental Studies 10‐2 Fukuasaku, Miharu Tamura Fukushima 963‐7700 Japan
| | - Takahiro Sasai
- Department of Geophysics Graduate School of Science Tohoku University 6‐3 Aramaki Aza‐Aoba, Aoba‐ku Sendai 980‐8578 Japan
| | - Nobuko Saigusa
- Center for Global Environmental Research National Institute for Environmental Studies 16‐2 Onogawa Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8506 Japan
| | - Bunkei Matsushita
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Tennoudai 1‐1‐1 Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8572 Japan
| | - Noriko Takamura
- Lake Biwa Branch Office National Institute for Environmental Studies 5‐34 Yanagasaki Ohtsu Shiga 520‐0022 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Golden HE, Rajib A, Lane CR, Christensen JR, Wu Q, Mengistu S. Non-floodplain Wetlands Affect Watershed Nutrient Dynamics: A Critical Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:7203-7214. [PMID: 31244063 PMCID: PMC9096804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b07270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands have the capacity to retain nitrogen and phosphorus and are thereby often considered a viable option for improving water quality at local scales. However, little is known about the cumulative influence of wetlands outside of floodplains, i.e., non-floodplain wetlands (NFWs), on surface water quality at watershed scales. Such evidence is important to meet global, national, regional, and local water quality goals effectively and comprehensively. In this critical review, we synthesize the state of the science about the watershed-scale effects of NFWs on nutrient-based (nitrogen, phosphorus) water quality. We further highlight where knowledge is limited in this research area and the challenges of garnering this information. On the basis of previous wetland literature, we develop emerging concepts that assist in advancing the science linking NFWs to watershed-scale nutrient conditions. Finally, we ask, "Where do we go from here?" We address this question using a 2-fold approach. First, we demonstrate, via example model simulations, how explicitly considering NFWs in watershed nutrient modeling changes predicted nutrient yields to receiving waters-and how this may potentially affect future water quality management decisions. Second, we outline research recommendations that will improve our scientific understanding of how NFWs affect downstream water quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Golden
- National Exposure Research Laboratory , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Office of Research and Development, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive , Cincinnati , Ohio 45268 , United States
| | - Adnan Rajib
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education , c/o Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive , Cincinnati , Ohio 45268 , United States
| | - Charles R Lane
- National Exposure Research Laboratory , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Office of Research and Development, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive , Cincinnati , Ohio 45268 , United States
| | - Jay R Christensen
- National Exposure Research Laboratory , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Office of Research and Development, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive , Cincinnati , Ohio 45268 , United States
| | - Qiusheng Wu
- Department of Geography , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Samson Mengistu
- National Research Council , National Academy of Sciences, c/o Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive , Cincinnati , Ohio 45268 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Seasonal Salinization Decreases Spatial Heterogeneity of Sulfate Reducing Activity. SOIL SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems3020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence of sulfate input and reduction in coastal freshwater wetlands is often visible in the black iron monosulfide (FeS) complexes that form in iron rich reducing sediments. Using a modified Indicator of Reduction in Soils (IRIS) method, digital imaging, and geostatistics, we examine controls on the spatial properties of FeS in a coastal wetland fresh-to-brackish transition zone over a multi-month, drought-induced saltwater incursion event. PVC sheets (10 × 15 cm) were painted with an iron oxide paint and incubated vertically belowground and flush with the surface for 24 h along a salt-influenced to freshwater wetland transect in coastal North Carolina, USA. Along with collection of complementary water and soil chemistry data, the size and location of the FeS compounds on the plate were photographed and geostatistical techniques were employed to characterize FeS formation on the square cm scale. Herein, we describe how the saltwater incursion front is associated with increased sulfate loading and decreased aqueous Fe(II) content. This accompanies an increased number of individual FeS complexes that were more uniformly distributed as reflected in a lower Magnitude of Spatial Heterogeneity at all sites except furthest downstream. Future work should focus on streamlining the plate analysis procedure as well as developing a more robust statistical based approach to determine sulfide concentration.
Collapse
|
14
|
Helton AM, Ardón M, Bernhardt ES. Hydrologic Context Alters Greenhouse Gas Feedbacks of Coastal Wetland Salinization. Ecosystems 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-018-0325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
15
|
Comparison of Four Nitrate Removal Kinetic Models in Two Distinct Wetland Restoration Mesocosm Systems. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9070517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
16
|
|
17
|
|
18
|
Steinman AD, Ogdahl ME. From wetland to farm and back again: phosphorus dynamics of a proposed restoration project. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:22596-22605. [PMID: 27557962 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We studied the phosphorus dynamics in a former wetland, which had been converted to a celery farm, and now consists of two shallow, flooded ponds that are being proposed for aquatic habitat restoration. However, like many agricultural areas, this site is plagued by phosphorus legacy issues. Proposed restoration includes hydrologic reconnection of these ponds to its adjacent stream, which are now isolated from one another by an earthen berm, to create a wetland complex. One of the two flooded ponds was partially dredged, whereas the other one has remained undredged. Water column, sediment pore water, and sediment total phosphorus concentrations were significantly greater in the undredged pond compared to the dredged pond, but in both cases phosphorus levels in the water columns (mean TP 929 vs. 133 μg/L in undredged vs. dredged ponds, respectively) would exacerbate downstream water quality issues if hydrologic reconnection occurred without first addressing the phosphorus issue. Sediment isotherm and maximum sorption data indicated that the sediments are close to phosphorus saturation in the undredged pond; simulated dredging of the cores revealed that exposure of deeper sediment layers would increase sorption capacity. Pore water SRP concentrations increased with sediment depth and were significantly greater in the undredged vs. dredged pond at both the 1-4-cm depth (2249 vs. 112 μg/L) and 14-17-cm depth (5506 vs. 222 μg/L). This study provides a framework for other projects that need to balance the competing demands of habitat restoration vs. water quality when restoring wetlands that have been converted to agricultural production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Steinman
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, 740 West Shoreline Drive, Muskegon, MI, 49441, USA.
| | - Mary E Ogdahl
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, 740 West Shoreline Drive, Muskegon, MI, 49441, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, University of Michigan, G110 Dana Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1041, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Phosphorus Retention in Stormwater Control Structures across Streamflow in Urban and Suburban Watersheds. WATER 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/w8090390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
20
|
Yang W, Liu Y, Ou C, Gabor S. Examining water quality effects of riparian wetland loss and restoration scenarios in a southern ontario watershed. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 174:26-34. [PMID: 26989942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Wetland conservation has two important tasks: The first is to halt wetland loss and the second is to conduct wetland restoration. In order to facilitate these tasks, it is important to understand the environmental degradation from wetland loss and the environmental benefits from wetland restoration. The purpose of the study is to develop SWAT based wetland modelling to examine water quality effects of riparian wetland loss and restoration scenarios in the 323-km(2) Black River watershed in southern Ontario, Canada. The SWAT based wetland modelling was set up, calibrated and validated to fit into watershed conditions. The modelling was then applied to evaluate various scenarios of wetland loss from existing 7590 ha of riparian wetlands (baseline scenario) to 100% loss, and wetland restoration up to the year 1800 condition with 11,237 ha of riparian wetlands (100% restoration). The modelling was further applied to examine 100% riparian wetland loss and restoration in three subareas of the watershed to understand spatial pattern of water quality effects. Modelling results show that in comparing to baseline condition, the sediment, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) loadings increase by 251.0%, 260.5%, and 890.9% respectively for 100% riparian wetland loss, and decrease by 34.5%, 28.3%, and 37.0% respectively for 100% riparian wetland restoration. Modelling results also show that as riparian wetland loss increases, the corresponding environmental degradation worsens at accelerated rates. In contrast, as riparian wetland restoration increases, the environmental benefits improve but at decelerated rates. Particularly, the water quality effects of riparian wetland loss or restoration show considerable spatial variations. The watershed wetland modelling contributes to inform decisions on riparian wetland conservation or restoration at different rates. The results further demonstrate the importance of targeting priority areas for stopping riparian wetland loss and initiating riparian wetland restoration based on scientific understanding of watershed wetland effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanhong Yang
- Department of Geography, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Yongbo Liu
- Department of Geography, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Chunping Ou
- Department of Geography, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shane Gabor
- Ducks Unlimited Canada, Box 1160, Stonewall, Manitoba, R0C2Z0, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Powell AS, Jackson L, Ardón M. Disentangling the effects of drought, salinity, and sulfate on baldcypress growth in a coastal plain restored wetland. Restor Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S. Powell
- Department of Biology; East Carolina University; Greenville NC 27858 U.S.A
| | - Lonnie Jackson
- Department of Biology; East Carolina University; Greenville NC 27858 U.S.A
| | - Marcelo Ardón
- Department of Biology; East Carolina University; Greenville NC 27858 U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Helton AM, Ardón M, Bernhardt ES. Thermodynamic constraints on the utility of ecological stoichiometry for explaining global biogeochemical patterns. Ecol Lett 2015; 18:1049-56. [PMID: 26259672 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbon and nitrogen cycles are coupled through both stoichiometric requirements for microbial biomass and dissimilatory metabolic processes in which microbes catalyse reduction-oxidation reactions. Here, we integrate stoichiometric theory and thermodynamic principles to explain the commonly observed trade-off between high nitrate and high organic carbon concentrations, and the even stronger trade-off between high nitrate and high ammonium concentrations, across a wide range of aquatic ecosystems. Our results suggest these relationships are the emergent properties of both microbial biomass stoichiometry and the availability of terminal electron acceptors. Because elements with multiple oxidation states (i.e. nitrogen, manganese, iron and sulphur) serve as both nutrients and sources of chemical energy in reduced environments, both assimilative demand and dissimilatory uses determine their concentrations across broad spatial gradients. Conceptual and quantitative models that integrate rather than independently examine thermodynamic, stoichiometric and evolutionary controls on biogeochemical cycling are essential for understanding local to global biogeochemical patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Helton
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Marcelo Ardón
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ballantine KA, Lehmann J, Schneider RL, Groffman PM. Trade-offs between soil-based functions in wetlands restored with soil amendments of differing lability. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2015; 25:215-225. [PMID: 26255369 DOI: 10.1890/13-1409.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil amendments have been proposed as a means to speed the development of plant and soil processes that contribute to water quality, habitat, and biodiversity functions in restored wetlands. However, because natural wetlands often act as significant methane sources, it remains unknown if amendments will also stimulate emissions of this greenhouse gas from restored wetlands. In this study, we investigated the potential trade-offs of incorporating soil amendments into wetland restoration methodology. We used controlled field-scale manipulations in four recently restored depressional freshwater wetlands in western New York, USA to investigate the impact that soils amended with organic materials have on water-quality functions and methane production in the first three years of development. Results showed that amendments, topsoil in particular, were effective for stimulating the development of a suite of biological (microbial biomass increased by 106% and respiration by 26%) and physicochemical (cation exchange capacity increased by 10%) soil properties indicative of water-quality functions. Furthermore, increases in microbial biomass and activity lasted for a significantly longer period of time (years instead of days) than studies examining less recalcitrant amendments. However, amended plots also had 20% times higher potential net methane production than control plots three years after restoration. Wetlands restoration projects are implemented to achieve a variety of goals, commonly including habitat provision, biodiversity, and water-quality functions, but also carbon sequestration, flood abatement, cultural heritage and livelihood preservation, recreation, education, and others. Projects should strive to achieve their specific goals while also evaluating the potential tradeoffs between wetland functions.
Collapse
|
24
|
Hopfensperger KN, Burgin AJ, Schoepfer VA, Helton AM. Impacts of Saltwater Incursion on Plant Communities, Anaerobic Microbial Metabolism, and Resulting Relationships in a Restored Freshwater Wetland. Ecosystems 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-014-9760-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
25
|
Kinsman-Costello LE, O’Brien J, Hamilton SK. Re-flooding a Historically Drained Wetland Leads to Rapid Sediment Phosphorus Release. Ecosystems 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-014-9748-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
26
|
Ardón M, Morse JL, Colman BP, Bernhardt ES. Drought-induced saltwater incursion leads to increased wetland nitrogen export. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:2976-2985. [PMID: 23749653 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Coastal wetlands have the capacity to retain and denitrify large quantities of reactive nitrogen (N), making them important in attenuating increased anthropogenic N flux to coastal ecosystems. The ability of coastal wetlands to retain and transform N is being reduced by wetland losses resulting from land development. Nitrogen retention in coastal wetlands is further threatened by the increasing frequency and spatial extent of saltwater inundation in historically freshwater ecosystems, due to the combined effects of dredging, declining river discharge to coastal areas due to human water use, increased drought frequency, and accelerating sea-level rise. Because saltwater incursion may affect N cycling through multiple mechanisms, the impacts of salinization on coastal freshwater wetland N retention and transformation are not well understood. Here, we show that repeated annual saltwater incursion during late summer droughts in the coastal plain of North Carolina changed N export from organic to inorganic forms and led to a doubling of annual NH(4)(+) export from a 440 hectare former agricultural field undergoing wetland restoration. Soil solution NH(4)(+) concentrations in two mature wetlands also increased with salinization, but the magnitude of increase was smaller than that in the former agricultural field. Long-term saltwater exposure experiments with intact soil columns demonstrated that much of the increase in reactive N released could be explained by exchange of salt cations with sediment NH(4)(+). Using these findings together with the predicted flooding of 1661 km(2) of wetlands along the NC coast by 2100, we estimate that saltwater incursion into these coastal areas could release up to 18 077 Mg N, or approximately half the annual NH(4)(+) flux of the Mississippi River. Our results suggest that saltwater incursion into coastal freshwater wetlands globally could lead to increased N loading to sensitive coastal waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Ardón
- Department of Biology and North Carolina Center for Biodiversity, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kreiling RM, Schubauer-Berigan JP, Richardson WB, Bartsch LA, Hughes PE, Cavanaugh JC, Strauss EA. Wetland management reduces sediment and nutrient loading to the upper Mississippi river. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2013; 42:573-583. [PMID: 23673850 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2012.0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Restored riparian wetlands in the Upper Mississippi River basin have potential to remove sediment and nutrients from tributaries before they flow into the Mississippi River. For 3 yr we calculated retention efficiencies of a marsh complex, which consisted of a restored marsh and an adjacent natural marsh that were connected to Halfway Creek, a small tributary of the Mississippi. We measured sediment, N, and P removal through a mass balance budget approach, N removal through denitrification, and N and P removal through mechanical soil excavation. The marsh complex had average retention rates of approximately 30 Mg sediment ha yr, 26 kg total N ha yr, and 20 kg total P ha yr. Water flowed into the restored marsh only during high-discharge events. Although the majority of retention occurred in the natural marsh, portions of the natural marsh were hydrologically disconnected at low discharge due to historical over-bank sedimentation. The natural marsh removed >60% of sediment, >10% of P, and >5% of N loads (except the first year, when it was a N source). The marsh complex was a source of NH and soluble reactive P. The average denitrification rate for the marsh complex was 2.88 mg N m h. Soil excavation removed 3600 Mg of sediment, 5.6 Mg of N, and 2.7 Mg of P from the restored marsh. The marsh complex was effective in removing sediment and nutrients from storm flows; however, retention could be increased if more water was diverted into both restored and natural marshes before entering the river.
Collapse
|
28
|
O'Driscoll MA. The 1909 North Carolina Drainage Act and Agricultural Drainage Effects in Eastern North Carolina. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.7572/2167-5880-128.3.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Over the last two centuries, agricultural drainage in eastern North Carolina has transformed extensive wetlands to productive croplands. At the start of the drainage movement in the early 1900s, approximately 200,000 hectares (one half million acres) of drained agricultural lands existed in North Carolina. The 1909 North Carolina Drainage Act allowed for more extensive drainage projects. Drainage districts provided effective drainage outlets for farms and reduced flooding for the district. The districts dramatically increased the extent of drained lands during the 20th century. Currently, it is estimated that over 2 million hectares (five million acres) of drained agricultural lands exist in North Carolina, with the majority in the Coastal Plain. Agricultural drainage has contributed to huge gains in agricultural productivity in the region. However, this drainage has contributed to regional stream water quality impairment, altered stream hydrology, and wetland conversion. Over the last three decades, much work has been focused on reducing watershed nutrient exports in eastern North Carolina. Several major strategies have been used to decrease the environmental impacts of agricultural drainage, including: agronomic management practices; controlled drainage; riparian and wetland buffers; and channel alterations. Management of agricultural drainage during the 21st century will play a crucial role in regional stream, wetland, and coastal ecosystem health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. O'Driscoll
- Department of Geological Sciences, 204 Graham Building, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858-4353
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lizotte RE, Shields FD, Murdock JN, Kröger R, Knight SS. Mitigating agrichemicals from an artificial runoff event using a managed riverine wetland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 427-428:373-381. [PMID: 22560749 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We examined the mitigation efficiency of a managed riverine wetland amended with a mixture of suspended sediment, two nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), and three pesticides (atrazine, metolachlor, and permethrin) during a simulated agricultural runoff event. Hydrologic management of the 500 m-long, 25 m-wide riverine wetland was done by adding weirs at both ends. The agrichemical mixture was amended to the wetland at the upstream weir simulating a four-hour, ~1cm rainfall event from a 16ha agricultural field. Water samples (1L) were collected every 30 min within the first 4h, then every 4h until 48 h, and again on days 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-amendment at distances of 0m, 10 m, 40 m, 300 m and 500 m from the amendment point within the wetland for suspended solids, nutrient, and pesticide analyses. Peak sediment, nutrient, and pesticide concentrations occurred within 3 h of amendment at 0m, 10 m, 40 m, and 300 m downstream and showed rapid attenuation of agrichemicals from the water column with 79-98%, 42-98%, and 63-98% decrease in concentrations of sediments, nutrients, and pesticides, respectively, within 48 h. By day 28, all amendments were near or below pre-amendment concentrations. Water samples at 500 m showed no changes in sediment or nutrient concentrations; pesticide concentrations peaked within 48 h but at ≤11% of upstream peak concentrations and had dissipated by day 28. Managed riverine wetlands≥1 ha and with hydraulic residence times of days to weeks can efficiently trap agricultural runoff during moderate (1cm) late-spring and early-summer rainfall events, mitigating impacts to receiving rivers.
Collapse
|
30
|
Morse JL, Ardón M, Bernhardt ES. Using environmental variables and soil processes to forecast denitrification potential and nitrous oxide fluxes in coastal plain wetlands across different land uses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jg001923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
31
|
Morse JL, Ardón M, Bernhardt ES. Greenhouse gas fluxes in southeastern U.S. coastal plain wetlands under contrasting land uses. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012; 22:264-280. [PMID: 22471089 DOI: 10.1890/11-0527.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Whether through sea level rise or wetland restoration, agricultural soils in coastal areas will be inundated at increasing rates, renewing connections to sensitive surface waters and raising critical questions about environmental trade-offs. Wetland restoration is often implemented in agricultural catchments to improve water quality through nutrient removal. Yet flooding of soils can also increase production of the greenhouse gases nitrous oxide and methane, representing a potential environmental trade-off. Our study aimed to quantify and compare greenhouse gas emissions from unmanaged and restored forested wetlands, as well as actively managed agricultural fields within the North Carolina coastal plain, USA. In sampling conducted once every two months over a two-year comparative study, we found that soil carbon dioxide flux (range: 8000-64 800 kg CO2 x ha(-1) x yr(-1)) comprised 66-100% of total greenhouse gas emissions from all sites and that methane emissions (range: -6.87 to 197 kg CH4 x ha(-1) x yr(-1)) were highest from permanently inundated sites, while nitrous oxide fluxes (range: -1.07 to 139 kg N2O x ha(-1) x yr(-1)) were highest in sites with lower water tables. Contrary to predictions, greenhouse gas fluxes (as CO2 equivalents) from the restored wetland were lower than from either agricultural fields or unmanaged forested wetlands. In these acidic coastal freshwater ecosystems, the conversion of agricultural fields to flooded young forested wetlands did not result in increases in greenhouse gas emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Morse
- Department of Biology, Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Steinman AD, Ogdahl ME. Does converting agricultural fields to wetlands retain or release P? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1899/10-106.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan D. Steinman
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, 740 West Shoreline Drive, Muskegon, Michigan 49441 USA
| | - Mary E. Ogdahl
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, 740 West Shoreline Drive, Muskegon, Michigan 49441 USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ardón M, Montanari S, Morse JL, Doyle MW, Bernhardt ES. Phosphorus export from a restored wetland ecosystem in response to natural and experimental hydrologic fluctuations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jg001169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|