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Maioli S, Leander K, Nilsson P, Nalvarte I. Estrogen receptors and the aging brain. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:913-925. [PMID: 34623401 PMCID: PMC8628183 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The female sex hormone estrogen has been ascribed potent neuroprotective properties. It signals by binding and activating estrogen receptors that, depending on receptor subtype and upstream or downstream effectors, can mediate gene transcription and rapid non-genomic actions. In this way, estrogen receptors in the brain participate in modulating neural differentiation, proliferation, neuroinflammation, cholesterol metabolism, synaptic plasticity, and behavior. Circulating sex hormones decrease in the course of aging, more rapidly at menopause in women, and slower in men. This review will discuss what this drop entails in terms of modulating neuroprotection and resilience in the aging brain downstream of spatiotemporal estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) signaling, as well as in terms of the sex differences observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition, controversies related to ER expression in the brain will be discussed. Understanding the spatiotemporal signaling of sex hormones in the brain can lead to more personalized prevention strategies or therapies combating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maioli
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Leander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsson
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivan Nalvarte
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
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2
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Sun YW, Zhang LY, Gong SJ, Hu YY, Zhang JG, Xian XH, Li WB, Zhang M. The p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway mediates GLT-1 up-regulation during cerebral ischemic preconditioning-induced brain ischemic tolerance in rats. Brain Res Bull 2021; 175:224-233. [PMID: 34343641 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Our previous finding suggests that p38 MAPK contributes to the GLT-1 upregulation during induction of brain ischemic tolerance by cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIP), however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the CIP-induced GLT-1 upregulation by using Western blotting, Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and thionin staining in rat hippocampus CA1 subset. We found that application of BAY11-7082 (an inhibitor of NF-κB), or dihydrokainate (an inhibitor of GLT-1), or SB203580 (an inhibitor of p38 MAPK) could attenuate the CIP-induced neuronal protection in hippocampus CA1 region of rats. Moreover, CIP caused rapid activation of NF-κB, as evidenced by nuclear translocation of NF-κB p50 protein, which led to active p50/p65 dimer formation and increased DNA binding activity. GLT-1 was also increased after CIP. Pretreatment with BAY11-7082 blocked the CIP-induced GLT-1 upregulation. The above results suggest that NF-κB participates in GLT-1 up-regulation during the induction of brain ischemic tolerance by CIP. We also found that pretreatment with SB203580 caused significant reduction of NF-κB p50 protein in nucleus, NF-κB p50/p65 dimer nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of NF-κB. Together, we conclude that p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway participates in the mediation of GLT-1 up-regulation during the induction of brain ischemic tolerance induced by CIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wei Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China; Xing Tai People's Hospital, 16 Hong Xing Road, Xing Tai, 054001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Juan Gong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yan Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ge Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Xian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Gasiorowska A, Wydrych M, Drapich P, Zadrozny M, Steczkowska M, Niewiadomski W, Niewiadomska G. The Biology and Pathobiology of Glutamatergic, Cholinergic, and Dopaminergic Signaling in the Aging Brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:654931. [PMID: 34326765 PMCID: PMC8315271 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.654931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The elderly population is growing worldwide, with important health and socioeconomic implications. Clinical and experimental studies on aging have uncovered numerous changes in the brain, such as decreased neurogenesis, increased synaptic defects, greater metabolic stress, and enhanced inflammation. These changes are associated with cognitive decline and neurobehavioral deficits. Although aging is not a disease, it is a significant risk factor for functional worsening, affective impairment, disease exaggeration, dementia, and general disease susceptibility. Conversely, life events related to mental stress and trauma can also lead to accelerated age-associated disorders and dementia. Here, we review human studies and studies on mice and rats, such as those modeling human neurodegenerative diseases, that have helped elucidate (1) the dynamics and mechanisms underlying the biological and pathological aging of the main projecting systems in the brain (glutamatergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic) and (2) the effect of defective glutamatergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic projection on disabilities associated with aging and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Detailed knowledge of the mechanisms of age-related diseases can be an important element in the development of effective ways of treatment. In this context, we briefly analyze which adverse changes associated with neurodegenerative diseases in the cholinergic, glutaminergic and dopaminergic systems could be targeted by therapeutic strategies developed as a result of our better understanding of these damaging mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gasiorowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Wydrych
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Drapich
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Zadrozny
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Steczkowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktor Niewiadomski
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grazyna Niewiadomska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Intravenous ketamine for postmenopausal women with treatment-resistant depression: Results from the Canadian Rapid Treatment Center of Excellence. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 136:444-451. [PMID: 32948309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Women are disproportionately represented amongst samples of adults with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Ketamine has demonstrated rapid and robust efficacy in adults with TRD. Herein, we sought to determine whether the effectiveness of intravenous (IV) ketamine was influenced by menopausal status in women with TRD. We defined premenopausal women as those under the age of 45 (n = 52), while postmenopausal women (n = 54) were those over the age of 51. Participants received four IV ketamine infusions over one-to-two weeks at a community-based center for adults with TRD. The primary outcome of interest was the change in depressive symptom severity as measured by the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report 16 (QIDS-SR16) following four infusions, compared to pretreatment. The secondary outcomes were improvements in suicidal ideation (SI; i.e., QIDS-SR16 SI item), anxiety (i.e., Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale), anhedonic severity (i.e., Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale), and workplace and psychosocial function (i.e., Sheehan Disability Scale). Menopausal status did not influence overall treatment response, F (4, 280) = 1.83, p = .123, ηp2 = 0.025. Both premenopausal and postmenopausal participants demonstrated similar response rates (30% and 26%, respectively) and remission rates (both 13%) to IV ketamine treatment following four infusions. Premenopausal women experienced improvements in social function more rapidly than postmenopausal women, F (2, 174) = 1.65, p = .047, ηp2 = 0.019. Postmenopausal women experienced reduction in SI more rapidly than premenopausal women, F (4, 280) = 2.72, p = .030, ηp2 = 0.037. These preliminary post-hoc findings provide the impetus for future studies to investigate the moderational role of menopausal status, as defined by hormone levels, on response to IV ketamine for TRD.
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Andreescu C. The "Late-Life" Snag in Late-Life Anxious Depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 29:348-351. [PMID: 33546981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Andreescu
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA.
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Bach P, Koopmann A, Bumb JM, Vollstädt-Klein S, Reinhard I, Rietschel M, Witt SH, Wiedemann K, Kiefer F. Leptin predicts cortical and subcortical gray matter volume recovery in alcohol dependent patients: A longitudinal structural magnetic resonance imaging study. Horm Behav 2020; 124:104749. [PMID: 32387173 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The neuroprotective effects of leptin and its role in addictive disorders has been highlighted by several recent studies. However, its potential effects on morphological alterations in alcohol dependence are yet to be investigated. Associations between leptin and the longitudinal courses of gray matter volume (GMV) and cortical thickness (CT) were investigated in N = 62 alcohol-dependent patients that underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging after a mean abstinence of 12 (baseline) and 27 days (follow-up) respectively. Blood samples were collected at baseline to determine leptin levels. A cohort of N = 74 healthy individuals served as a reference sample. At baseline, alcohol-dependent patients compared to healthy controls displayed smaller GMV in the insula, parts of the superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri and hippocampal regions and thinner CT in the insula, parts of the superior and middle frontal cortices, the lateral orbitofrontal cortex and parts of the occipital and lingual cortices that partially recovered during abstinence (pFWE < 0.05). In alcohol-dependent patients, leptin was a significant predictor of GMV and CT recovery in the areas that showed the strongest whole-brain effects, specifically GMV in the right insula (R2 = 0.070, pFDR = 0.040) and left inferior frontal triangular gyrus (R2 = 0.076, pFDR = 0.040), as well as CT in the left insula (R2 = 0.158, pFDR = 0.004) and right superior frontal cortex (R2 = 0.180, pFDR = 0.004). Present results support the role of leptin in predicting GMV and CT recovery during the first month of abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Anne Koopmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Malte Bumb
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Vollstädt-Klein
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iris Reinhard
- Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Klaus Wiedemann
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Kang JH, Kim MH, Lee HJ, Huh JW, Lee HS, Lee DS. Peroxiredoxin 4 attenuates glutamate-induced neuronal cell death through inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:207-220. [PMID: 32241191 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1745201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of glutamate induce neurotoxicity by eliciting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and intracellular Ca2+ influx. The disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) evokes ER stress, ultimately resulting in neuronal dysfunction. Additionally, glutamate participates in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are members of a family of antioxidant enzymes that protect cells from neurotoxic factor-induced apoptosis by scavenging hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Prx4 is located in the ER and controls the redox condition within the ER. The present study investigated the protective effects of Prx4 against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity linked to ER stress. HT22 cells in which Prx4 was either overexpressed or silenced were used to elucidate the protective role of Prx4 against glutamate toxicity. The expression of Prx4 in HT22 cells was significantly increased in response to glutamate treatment, while ROS scavengers and ER chemical chaperones reduced Prx4 levels. Moreover, Prx4 overexpression reduces glutamate-induced apoptosis of HT22 cells by inhibiting ROS formation, Ca2+ influx, and ER stress. Therefore, we conclude that Prx4 has protective effects against glutamate-induced HT22 cell damage. Collectively, these results suggest that Prx4 could contribute to the treatment of neuronal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Kang
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea;,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hye Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea;,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jun Lee
- College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute, e-biogen Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Huh
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea;,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea;,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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8
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Skórkowska A, Maciejska A, Pomierny B, Krzyżanowska W, Starek-Świechowicz B, Bystrowska B, Broniowska Ż, Kazek G, Budziszewska B. Effect of Combined Prenatal and Adult Benzophenone-3 Dermal Exposure on Factors Regulating Neurodegenerative Processes, Blood Hormone Levels, and Hematological Parameters in Female Rats. Neurotox Res 2020; 37:683-701. [PMID: 31970650 PMCID: PMC7062666 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Benzophenone-3 (BP-3), the most widely used UV chemical filter, is absorbed well through the skin and gastrointestinal tract and can affect some body functions, including the survival of nerve cells. Previously, we showed that BP-3 evoked a neurotoxic effect in male rats, but since the effects of this compound are known to depend on gender, the aim of the present study was to show the concentration and potential neurotoxic action of this compound in the female rat brain. BP-3 was administered dermally to female rats during pregnancy, and then in the 7th and 8th weeks of age to their female offspring. The effect of BP-3 exposure on short-term and spatial memory, its concentrations in blood, the liver, the frontal cortex, and the hippocampus, and the effect on selected markers of brain damage were determined. Also, the impact of BP-3 on sex and thyroid hormone levels in blood and hematological parameters was examined. It has been found that this compound was present in blood and brain structures in females at a lower concentration than in males. BP-3 in both examined brain structures increased extracellular glutamate concentration and enhanced lipid peroxidation, but did not induce the apoptotic process. The tested compound also evoked hyperthyroidism and decreased the blood progesterone level and the number of erythrocytes. The presented data indicated that, after the same exposure to BP-3, this compound was at a lower concentration in the female brain than in that of the males. Although BP-3 did not induce apoptosis in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, the increased extracellular glutamate concentration and lipid peroxidation, as well as impaired spatial memory, suggested that this compound also had adverse effects in the female brain yet was weaker than in males. In contrast to the weaker effects of the BP-3 on females than the brain of males, this compound affected the endocrine system and evoked a disturbance in hematological parameters more strongly than in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Skórkowska
- Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Maciejska
- Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartosz Pomierny
- Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Weronika Krzyżanowska
- Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Starek-Świechowicz
- Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Bystrowska
- Department of Toxicology, Chair of Toxicology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Żaneta Broniowska
- Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kazek
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bogusława Budziszewska
- Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
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Kim RJ, Hah YS, Gwark JY, Park HB. N-acetylcysteine reduces glutamate-induced cytotoxicity to fibroblasts of rat supraspinatus tendons. Connect Tissue Res 2019; 60:431-443. [PMID: 30755039 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1580702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Neuronal theory regarding rotator cuff degeneration has developed from the findings that glutamate, an amino acid and an excitatory neurotransmitter, is present in increased concentrations in tendon tissues with tendinopathy and that glutamate induces cell death in fibroblasts of origin in rat supraspinatus tendon. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has cytoprotective effects against glutamate-induced fibroblast death. Materials and Methods: Primary cultured fibroblasts were obtained from rat supraspinatus tendons. Varying concentrations of glutamate (0.5, 1, 5, and 10 mM) and of NAC (0.5, 1, 2, and 5 mM) were used for evaluation of cytotoxicity. Cell viability, cell cycles, types of cell death, intracellular ROS production, expressions of caspase-3/7, and Ca2+ influx were evaluated. Results: Glutamate significantly induced cell death, apoptosis, and Ca2+ influx and significantly increased caspase-3/7 activity and intracellular ROS production (p < 0.001). NAC significantly reduced the glutamate-induced cell death, apoptosis, Ca2+ influx, caspase-3/7 activity, and intracellular ROS production (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The glutamate-induced cytotoxic effects can be reduced by NAC, an antioxidant, through the reduction of intracellular oxidative stress and/or Ca2+ influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ra Jeong Kim
- a Department of Convergence Medical Science , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Korea
| | - Young-Sool Hah
- b Clinical Research Institute , Gyeongsang National University Hospital , Jinju , Korea
| | - Ji-Yong Gwark
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital , Changwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Bin Park
- d Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital , Changwon , Republic of Korea
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10
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Pomierny B, Krzyżanowska W, Broniowska Ż, Strach B, Bystrowska B, Starek-Świechowicz B, Maciejska A, Skórkowska A, Wesołowska J, Walczak M, Budziszewska B. Benzophenone-3 Passes Through the Blood-Brain Barrier, Increases the Level of Extracellular Glutamate, and Induces Apoptotic Processes in the Hippocampus and Frontal Cortex of Rats. Toxicol Sci 2019; 171:485-500. [PMID: 31368502 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Benzophenone-3 is the most commonly used UV filter. It is well absorbed through the skin and gastrointestinal tract. Its best-known side effect is the impact on the function of sex hormones. Little is known about the influence of BP-3 on the brain. The aim of this study was to show whether BP-3 crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB), to determine whether it induces nerve cell damage in susceptible brain structures, and to identify the mechanism of its action in the central nervous system. BP-3 was administered dermally during the prenatal period and adulthood to rats. BP-3 effect on short-term and spatial memory was determined by novel object and novel location recognition tests. BP-3 concentrations were assayed in the brain and peripheral tissues. In brain structures, selected markers of brain damage were measured. The study showed that BP-3 is absorbed through the rat skin, passes through the BBB. BP-3 raised oxidative stress and induced apoptosis in the brain. BP-3 increased the concentration of extracellular glutamate in examined brain structures and changed the expression of glutamate transporters. BP-3 had no effect on short-term memory but impaired spatial memory. The present study showed that dermal BP-3 exposure may cause damage to neurons what might be associated with the increase in the level of extracellular glutamate, most likely evoked by changes in the expression of GLT-1 and xCT glutamate transporters. Thus, exposure to BP-3 may be one of the causes that increase the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Beata Bystrowska
- Department of Toxicology, Chair of Toxicology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Julita Wesołowska
- Laboratory for In vivo and In Vitro Imaging, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Walczak
- Department of Toxicology, Chair of Toxicology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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11
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The effects of sub-anesthetic ketamine plus ethanol on behaviors and apoptosis in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of adolescent rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 184:172742. [PMID: 31348944 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine has become increasingly popular in adolescent drug abusers worldwide. Meanwhile, alcohol is usually used by ketamine users. However, little work has been conducted to examine the chronic combined effects of ketamine and ethanol on adolescent brain. Here we probed into the effects of chronic administration of ketamine at recreational doses alone or combined with ethanol on behaviors and neuron damage in an adolescent rat model. 28-day old rats were treated with either 20 or 30 mg/kg ketamine plus or not plus 10% ethanol daily for 21 days. Depressive like behaviors, anxiety like behavior and memory impairment were tested using open field test, forced swimming test, elevated plus maze and Morris water maze. Apoptosis in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP) were determined by the TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) and protein and mRNA levels of caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2. Results show that co-application of ketamine and ethanol significantly increased immobility time in the forced swimming test, up-regulated TUNEL positive cells and both protein and mRNA expressions of caspase-3 and Bax, compared with the control group and ketamine and ethanol use alone groups in the PFC, but not in the HIP. Our study suggests that chronic co-administration of ketamine and ethanol results in depressive-like behavior and the caspase-dependent apoptosis in the PFC of adolescent rats' brains.
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12
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Du X, Hill RA. Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis dysfunction: An innate pathophysiology of schizophrenia? Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 275:38-43. [PMID: 30753842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The female hormone 17β-estradiol is postulated to be protective against schizophrenia onset and severity. Hypoestrogenism is a common phenomenon in women with schizophrenia that has serious effects that adds to the burden of an already very onerous disease. The cause of hypoestrogenism is largely attributed to antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia. Evidence suggest however that a significant portion of female schizophrenia patients develop hypoestrogenism either before antipsychotic treatment or without regard to the level of prolactin, suggesting that for a sizeable segment of female patients, gonadal abnormality may be an innate and early aspect of the disease. This review aims to summarise the available literature that examines gonadal dysfunction in schizophrenia through this prism as well as to outline some recent developments in treatment strategies that may provide feasible ways to successfully tackle hypoestrogenism in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Du
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - R A Hill
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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Alpay Savasan Z, Yilmaz A, Ugur Z, Aydas B, Bahado-Singh RO, Graham SF. Metabolomic Profiling of Cerebral Palsy Brain Tissue Reveals Novel Central Biomarkers and Biochemical Pathways Associated with the Disease: A Pilot Study. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9020027. [PMID: 30717353 PMCID: PMC6409919 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most common causes of motor disability in childhood, with complex and heterogeneous etiopathophysiology and clinical presentation. Understanding the metabolic processes associated with the disease may aid in the discovery of preventive measures and therapy. Tissue samples (caudate nucleus) were obtained from post-mortem CP cases (n = 9) and age- and gender-matched control subjects (n = 11). We employed a targeted metabolomics approach using both 1H NMR and direct injection liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (DI/LC-MS/MS). We accurately identified and quantified 55 metabolites using 1H NMR and 186 using DI/LC-MS/MS. Among the 222 detected metabolites, 27 showed significant concentration changes between CP cases and controls. Glycerophospholipids and urea were the most commonly selected metabolites used to develop predictive models capable of discriminating between CP and controls. Metabolomics enrichment analysis identified folate, propanoate, and androgen/estrogen metabolism as the top three significantly perturbed pathways. We report for the first time the metabolomic profiling of post-mortem brain tissue from patients who died from cerebral palsy. These findings could help to further investigate the complex etiopathophysiology of CP while identifying predictive, central biomarkers of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Alpay Savasan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Beaumont Health System, 3811 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA.
- Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, Beaumont Health, 3811 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA.
| | - Ali Yilmaz
- Beaumont Research Institute, Beaumont Health, 3811 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA.
| | - Zafer Ugur
- Beaumont Research Institute, Beaumont Health, 3811 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA.
| | - Buket Aydas
- Departments of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Albion College, 611 E. Porter St., Albion, MI 49224, USA.
| | - Ray O Bahado-Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Beaumont Health System, 3811 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA.
- Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, Beaumont Health, 3811 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA.
| | - Stewart F Graham
- Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, Beaumont Health, 3811 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA.
- Beaumont Research Institute, Beaumont Health, 3811 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA.
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14
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Haque ME, Kim IS, Jakaria M, Akther M, Choi DK. Importance of GPCR-Mediated Microglial Activation in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:258. [PMID: 30186116 PMCID: PMC6110855 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with impairment of cognition, memory deficits and behavioral abnormalities. Accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) is a characteristic hallmark of AD. Microglia express several GPCRs, which, upon activation by modulators, mediate microglial activation and polarization phenotype. This GPCR-mediated microglial activation has both protective and detrimental effects. Microglial GPCRs are involved in amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage and Aβ generation. In addition, microglial GPCRs are featured in the regulation of Aβ degradation and clearance through microglial phagocytosis and chemotaxis. Moreover, in response to Aβ binding on microglial Aβ receptors, they can trigger multiple inflammatory pathways. However, there is still a lack of insight into the mechanistic link between GPCR-mediated microglial activation and its pathological consequences in AD. Currently, the available drugs for the treatment of AD are mostly symptomatic and dominated by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AchEI). The selection of a specific microglial GPCR that is highly expressed in the AD brain and capable of modulating AD progression through Aβ generation, degradation and clearance will be a potential source of therapeutic intervention. Here, we have highlighted the expression and distribution of various GPCRs connected to microglial activation in the AD brain and their potential to serve as therapeutic targets of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ezazul Haque
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - In-Su Kim
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Md Jakaria
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Mahbuba Akther
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea.,Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
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15
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Microglial activation and vascular responses that are associated with early thalamic neurodegeneration resulting from thiamine deficiency. Neurotoxicology 2018; 65:98-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Fraxinus: A Plant with Versatile Pharmacological and Biological Activities. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4269868. [PMID: 29279716 PMCID: PMC5723943 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4269868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Fraxinus, a member of the Oleaceae family, commonly known as ash tree is found in northeast Asia, north America, east and western France, China, northern areas of Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan. Chemical constituents of Fraxinus plant include various secoiridoids, phenylethanoids, flavonoids, coumarins, and lignans; therefore, it is considered as a plant with versatile biological and pharmacological activities. Its tremendous range of pharmacotherapeutic properties has been well documented including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective. In addition, its bioactive phytochemicals and secondary metabolites can be effectively used in cosmetic industry and as a competent antiaging agent. Fraxinus presents pharmacological effectiveness by targeting the novel targets in several pathological conditions, which provide a spacious therapeutic time window. Our aim is to update the scientific research community with recent endeavors with specifically highlighting the mechanism of action in different diseases. This potentially efficacious pharmacological drug candidate should be used for new drug discovery in future. This review suggests that this plant has extremely important medicinal utilization but further supporting studies and scientific experimentations are mandatory to determine its specific intracellular targets and site of action to completely figure out its pharmacological applications.
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Armeni E, Apostolakis M, Christidi F, Rizos D, Kaparos G, Panoulis K, Augoulea A, Alexandrou A, Karopoulou E, Zalonis I, Triantafyllou N, Lambrinoudaki I. Endogenous sex hormones and memory performance in middle-aged Greek women with subjective memory complaints. Neurol Sci 2017; 39:259-266. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-3165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Barh D, García-Solano ME, Tiwari S, Bhattacharya A, Jain N, Torres-Moreno D, Ferri B, Silva A, Azevedo V, Ghosh P, Blum K, Conesa-Zamora P, Perry G. BARHL1 Is Downregulated in Alzheimer's Disease and May Regulate Cognitive Functions through ESR1 and Multiple Pathways. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8100245. [PMID: 28956815 PMCID: PMC5664095 DOI: 10.3390/genes8100245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transcription factor BarH like homeobox 1 (BARHL1) is overexpressed in medulloblastoma and plays a role in neurogenesis. However, much about the BARHL1 regulatory networks and their functions in neurodegenerative and neoplastic disorders is not yet known. In this study, using a tissue microarray (TMA), we report for the first time that BARHL1 is downregulated in hormone-negative breast cancers and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Furthermore, using an integrative bioinformatics approach and mining knockout mouse data, we show that: (i) BARHL1 and Estrogen Receptor 1 (ESR1) may constitute a network that regulates Neurotrophin 3 (NTF3)- and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)-mediated neurogenesis and neural survival; (ii) this is probably linked to AD pathways affecting aberrant post-translational modifications including SUMOylation and ubiquitination; (iii) the BARHL1-ESR1 network possibly regulates β-amyloid metabolism and memory; and (iv) hsa-mir-18a, having common key targets in the BARHL1-ESR1 network and AD pathway, may modulate neuron death, reduce β-amyloid processing and might also be involved in hearing and cognitive decline associated with AD. We have also hypothesized why estrogen replacement therapy improves AD condition. In addition, we have provided a feasible new mechanism to explain the abnormal function of mossy fibers and cerebellar granule cells related to memory and cognitive decline in AD apart from the Tau and amyloid pathogenesis through our BARHL1-ESR1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debmalya Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology, Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 721172, India.
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - María E García-Solano
- Department of Pathology, Santa Lucía General University Hospital (HGUSL), C/Mezquita s/n, 30202 Cartagena, Spain.
- Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Sandeep Tiwari
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology, Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 721172, India.
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Antaripa Bhattacharya
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology, Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 721172, India.
| | - Neha Jain
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology, Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 721172, India.
| | - Daniel Torres-Moreno
- Department of Pathology, Santa Lucía General University Hospital (HGUSL), C/Mezquita s/n, 30202 Cartagena, Spain.
- Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Belén Ferri
- Department of Pathology, Virgen Arrixaca University Hospital (HUVA), Ctra. Madrid Cartagena sn, 30120 El Palmar, Spain.
| | - Artur Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01-Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Preetam Ghosh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology, Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 721172, India.
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Pablo Conesa-Zamora
- Department of Pathology, Santa Lucía General University Hospital (HGUSL), C/Mezquita s/n, 30202 Cartagena, Spain.
- Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain.
| | - George Perry
- UTSA Neurosciences Institute and Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Sørvik IB, Paulsen RE. High and low concentration of 17α-estradiol protect cerebellar granule neurons in different time windows. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Al-Sweidi S, Morissette M, Di Paolo T. Estrogen receptors modulate striatal metabotropic receptor type 5 in intact and MPTP male mice model of Parkinson's disease. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 161:84-91. [PMID: 26873133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate is the most important brain excitatory neurotransmitter and glutamate overactivity is well documented in Parkinson's disease (PD). Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are reported to interact with membrane estrogen receptors (ERs) and more specifically the mGlu5 receptor subtype. 17β-estradiol and mGlu5 antagonists have neuroprotective effects in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD. We previously reported that ERα and ERβ are involved in neuroprotection following MPTP toxicity. The present study investigated the implication of ERs on the mGlu5 receptor adaptive response to MPTP toxicity in the brain of wild type (WT), ER knockout (ERKO)α and ERKOβ male mice. Autoradiography of [(3)H]ABP688 specific binding to striatal mGlu5 receptors showed a dorsal/ventral gradient similar for WT, ERKOα and ERKOβ mice with higher values ventrally. The lateral septum had highest [(3)H]ABP688 specific binding that remained unchanged in all experimental groups. ERKOα and ERKOβ mice had similarly lower striatal [(3)H]ABP688 specific binding than WT mice as measured also by Western blots. MPTP dose-dependently decreased striatal [(3)H]ABP688 specific binding in WT but not in ERKOα and ERKOβ mice; this correlated positively with striatal dopamine concentrations. A 17β-estradiol treatment for 10 days left unchanged striatal [(3)H]ABP688 specific binding of unlesioned mice of the three genotypes. 17β-estradiol treatment for 5 days before MPTP and for 5 days after partially prevented the mGlu5 receptor decrease only in WT MPTP mice and this was associated with higher BDNF striatal contents. These results thus show that in male mice ERs affect striatal mGlu5 receptor levels and their response to MPTP.
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MESH Headings
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
- Animals
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
- Corpus Striatum/metabolism
- Corpus Striatum/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Estradiol/metabolism
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism
- Estrogen Receptor beta/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor beta/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/genetics
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/metabolism
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/pathology
- Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5/analysis
- Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- S Al-Sweidi
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, CHUL, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - M Morissette
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, CHUL, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - T Di Paolo
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, CHUL, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada.
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21
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The Potential Roles of Aquaporin 4 in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5300-9. [PMID: 26433375 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is the major water channel expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), and it is primarily expressed in astrocytes. It has been studied in various brain pathological conditions. However, the potential for AQP4 to influence Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still unclear. Research regarding AQP4 functions related to AD can be traced back several years and has gradually progressed toward a better understanding of the potential mechanisms. Currently, it has been suggested that AQP4 influences synaptic plasticity, and AQP4 deficiency may impair learning and memory, in part, through glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1). AQP4 may mediate the clearance of amyloid beta peptides (Aβ). In addition, AQP4 may influence potassium (K(+)) and calcium (Ca(2+)) ion transport, which could play decisive roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Furthermore, AQP4 knockout is involved in neuroinflammation and interferes with AD. To date, no specific therapeutic agents have been developed to inhibit or enhance AQP4. However, experimental results strongly emphasize the importance of this topic for future investigations.
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22
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Mao XY, Cao YG, Ji Z, Zhou HH, Liu ZQ, Sun HL. Topiramate protects against glutamate excitotoxicity via activating BDNF/TrkB-dependent ERK pathway in rodent hippocampal neurons. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 60:11-7. [PMID: 25661849 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Topiramate (TPM) was previously found to have neuroprotection against neuronal injury in epileptic and ischemic models. However, whether TPM protects against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in hippocampal neurons is elusive. Our present work aimed to evaluate the protective effect of TPM against glutamate toxicity in hippocampal neurons and further figure out the potential molecular mechanisms. The in vitro glutamate excitotoxic model was prepared with 125μM glutamate for 20min. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) analysis and Hoechst 33342 staining were conducted to detect neuronal survival. The protein expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), TrkB, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade (including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK), cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB), Bcl-2, Bax and β-actin were detected via Western blot assay. Our results demonstrated that TPM protected hippocampal neurons from glutamate toxicity. Meanwhile, the pretreatment of TPM for 10min significantly prevented the down-regulation of BDNF and the phosphorylation of TrkB. Furthermore, the elevation of phosphorylated EKR expression was significantly inhibited after blockade of TrkB by TrkB IgG, while no alterations of phosphorylated JNK and p38 MAPK were found in the cultured hippocampal neurons. Besides, it was also found that the enhanced phosphorylation of CREB was evidently reversed under excitotoxic conditions after treating with U0126 (the selective inhibitor of ERK). The protein level of Bcl-2 was also observed to be remarkably increased after TPM treatment. In conclusion, these findings implicate that TPM exerts neuroprotective effects against glutamate excitotoxicity in hippocampal neurons and its protection may be modulated through BDNF/TrkB-dependent ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yuan Mao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Hunan Province Cooperation Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yong-Gang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Daqing Campus of Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Zhong Ji
- Department of Physiology, Daqing Campus of Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Hunan Province Cooperation Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhao-Qian Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Hunan Province Cooperation Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Hong-Li Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Daqing Campus of Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China.
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23
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Pereira RB, Andrade PB, Valentão P. A Comprehensive View of the Neurotoxicity Mechanisms of Cocaine and Ethanol. Neurotox Res 2015; 28:253-67. [PMID: 26105693 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9536-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorder is an emerging problem concerning to human health, causing severe side effects, including neurotoxicity. The use of illegal drugs and the misuse of prescription or over-the-counter drugs are growing in this century, being one of the major public health problems. Ethanol and cocaine are one of the most frequently used drugs and, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, their concurrent consumption is one of the major causes for emergency hospital room visits. These molecules act in the brain through different mechanisms, altering the nervous system function. Researchers have focused the attention not just in the mechanism of action of these drugs, but also in the mechanism by which they damage the nervous tissue (neurotoxicity). Therefore, the goal of the present review is to provide a global perspective about the mechanisms of the neurotoxicity of cocaine and ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato B Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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24
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Unpredictable Chronic Stress Alters Adenosine Metabolism in Zebrafish Brain. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2518-28. [PMID: 26081145 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stress is considered a risk factor for several human disorders. Despite the broad knowledge of stress responses in mammals, data on the relationship between unpredictable chronic stress (UCS) and its effects on purinergic signaling are limited. ATP hydrolysis by ectonucleotidases is an important source of adenosine, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) contributes to the control of the nucleoside concentrations. Considering that some stress models could affect signaling systems, the objective of this study was to investigate whether UCS alters ectonucleotidase and ADA pathway in zebrafish brain. Additionally, we analyzed ATP metabolism as well as ada1, ada2.1, ada2.2, adaL, and adaasi gene expression in zebrafish brain. Our results have demonstrated that UCS did not alter ectonucleotidase and soluble ADA activities. However, ecto-ADA activity was significantly decreased (26.8%) in brain membranes of animals exposed to UCS when compared to the control group. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) analysis did not show significant changes on ADA gene expression after the UCS exposure. The brain ATP metabolism showed a marked increase in adenosine levels (ADO) in animals exposed to UCS. These data suggest an increase on extracellular adenosine levels in zebrafish brain. Since this nucleoside has neuromodulatory and anxiolytic effects, changes in adenosine levels could play a role in counteracting the stress, which could be related to a compensatory mechanism in order to restore the homeostasis.
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