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Zhao Y, Liu Z, Deng K, Qu H, Zhang Q, Zhou P, Yang M, Yang X, Wang H, Li R, Xia J. Identification of TAP1 as a T-cell related therapeutic target in gastric cancer by mediating oxalipliatin-related synergistic enhancement of immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111998. [PMID: 38593510 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the intricate molecular complexities and heterogeneity inherent in T-cell immunotherapy of gastric cancer (GC), elucidative T-cell-related biomarkers were imperative needed for facilitating the prediction of GC patient prognosis and identify potential synergistic therapeutic targets. METHODS We conducted COX regression analysis in TISIDB, TCGA-STAD, and GEO databases to identify 19 GC T-cell-mediated sensitivity tumor killing (TTK) genes (key GCTTKs). Based on key GCTTKs, we constructed two TTK patterns and analyzed their metabolic pathways, mutation features, clinical data distribution, immune cell infiltration, and prognosis. LASSO regression was performed to develop a T-cell-mediated GC Prognosis (TGCP) model. We validated the TGCP model in GC patients. TAP1 was further selected for investigation of its biological functions and molecular mechanisms. We assessed the potential of TAP1 as a promising therapeutic target for GC using Patient-derived organoids (PDOs)-derived xenografts (PDOXs) models of GC. RESULTS The TTK patterns display notable disparities. The TGCP model showcases its proficiency in predicting immune response efficacy, effectively distinguishes immunotherapy difference GC patients. Our findings find further confirmation in PDOX models, affirming TAP1 can enhance immunotherapy facilitated by PDL1 inhibitors. Furthermore, Oxaliplatin, by promoting TAP1 expression, augments PDL1 expression, thereby enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS We constructed a TGCP model, which demonstrates satisfactory predictive accuracy. Out of 9 prognostic genes, TAP1 was validated as a synergistic target for Oxaliplatin and PDL1 inhibitors, offering a genetic-level explanation for the synergy observed in GC treatment involving Oxaliplatin in combination with PDL1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China; Department of General Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Ziyuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China; Department of General Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Kaiyuan Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China; Department of General Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Huiheng Qu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China; Department of General Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Affiliated WuXi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China; Department of General Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Mengqi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China; Department of General Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Ranran Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Jiazeng Xia
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China; Department of General Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, PR China; Affiliated WuXi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, PR China.
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Jiang X, Yin S, Yin X, Wang Y, Fang T, Yang S, Bian X, Li G, Xue Y, Zhang L. A prognostic marker LTBP1 is associated with epithelial mesenchymal transition and can promote the progression of gastric cancer. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:30. [PMID: 38358412 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01311-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
LTBP1 is closely related to TGF-β1 function as an essential component, which was unclear in gastric cancer (GC). Harbin Medical University (HMU)-GC cohort and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset were combined to form a training cohort to calculate the connection between LTBP1 mRNA expression, prognosis and clinicopathological features. The training cohort was also used to verify the biological function of LTBP1 and its relationship with immune microenvironment and chemosensitivity. In the tissue microarrays (TMAs), immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed to observe LTBP1 protein expression. The correlation between LTBP1 protein expression level and prognosis was also analyzed, and a nomogram model was constructed. Western blotting (WB) was used in cell lines to assess LTBP1 expression. Transwell assays and CCK-8 were employed to assess LTBP1's biological roles. In compared to normal gastric tissues, LTBP1 expression was upregulated in GC tissues, and high expression was linked to a bad prognosis for GC patients. Based on a gene enrichment analysis, LTBP1 was primarily enriched in the TGF-β and EMT signaling pathways. Furthermore, high expression of LTBP1 in the tumor microenvironment was positively correlated with an immunosuppressive response. We also found that LTBP1 expression (p = 0.006) and metastatic lymph node ratio (p = 0.044) were independent prognostic risk factors for GC patients. The prognostic model combining LTBP1 expression and lymph node metastasis ratio reliably predicted the prognosis of GC patients. In vitro proliferation and invasion of MKN-45 GC cells were inhibited and their viability was decreased by LTBP1 knockout. LTBP1 plays an essential role in the development and progression of GC, and is a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinju Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shengjie Yin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Municipal Hospital of Chifeng, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tianyi Fang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiulan Bian
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guoli Li
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng Clinical Medical School of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yingwei Xue
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Akkanapally V, Bai XF, Basu S. Therapeutic Immunomodulation in Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:560. [PMID: 38339311 PMCID: PMC10854796 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma, being one of the most prevalent types of solid tumors, has emerged as the third leading cause of death worldwide. The symptoms of gastric cancer (GC) are typically complex, which makes early detection challenging. Immune checkpoint inhibition has become the new standard targeted therapy for advanced or metastatic GC. It is currently being explored in various combinations, both with and without chemotherapy, across multiple therapies in clinical trials. Immunotherapy can stimulate immune responses in GC patients, leading to the destruction of cancer cells. Compared with traditional therapies, immunotherapy has shown strong effectiveness with tolerable toxicity levels. Hence, this innovative approach to the treatment of advanced GC has gained popularity. In this review, we have outlined the recent advancements in immunotherapy for advanced GC, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, vascular endothelial growth factor-A inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. Our current emphasis is on examining the immunotherapies presently employed in clinical settings, addressing the existing challenges associated with these therapeutic approaches, and exploring promising strategies to overcome their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venu Akkanapally
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (V.A.); (X.-F.B.)
| | - Xue-Feng Bai
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (V.A.); (X.-F.B.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sujit Basu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (V.A.); (X.-F.B.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Shaopeng Z, Yang Z, Yuan F, Chen H, Zhengjun Q. Regulation of regulatory T cells and tumor-associated macrophages in gastric cancer tumor microenvironment. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6959. [PMID: 38349050 PMCID: PMC10839124 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite advancements in the methods for prevention and early diagnosis of gastric cancer (GC), GC continues to be the fifth in incidence among major cancers and the third most common cause of cancer-related death. The therapeutic effects of surgery and drug treatment are still unsatisfied and show notable differences according to the tumor microenvironment (TME) of GC. METHODS Through screening Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science, we identified and summarized the content of recent studies that focus on the investigation of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the TME of GC. Furthermore, we searched and outlined the clinical research progress of various targeted drugs in GC treatment including CTLA-4, PD-1\PD-L1, and VEGF/VEGFR. RESULTS In this review, the findings indicate that Hp infection causes local inflammation and leads to immunosuppressive environment. High Tregs infiltration in the TME of GC is associated with increased induction and recruitment; the exact function of infiltrated Tregs in GC was also affected by phenotypes and immunosuppressive molecules. TAMs promote the development and metastasis of tumors, the induction, recruitment, and function of TAMs in the TME of gastric cancer are also regulated by various factors. CONCLUSION Discussing the distinct tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of GC can deepen our understanding on the mechanism of cancer immune evasion, invasion, and metastasis, help us to reduce the incidence of GC, and guide the innovation of new therapeutic targets for GC eventually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Shaopeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Huang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qiu Zhengjun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Masoumi J, Ghorbaninezhad F, Saeedi H, Safaei S, Khaze Shahgoli V, Ghaffari Jolfayi A, Naseri B, Baghbanzadeh A, Baghbani E, Mokhtarzadeh A, Bakhshivand M, Javan MR, Silvestris N, Baradaran B. siRNA-Mediated B7H7 Knockdown in Gastric Cancer Lysate-Loaded Dendritic Cells Amplifies Expansion and Cytokine Secretion of Autologous T Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3212. [PMID: 38137433 PMCID: PMC10740599 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer, ranked as the fifth most common cancer worldwide, presents multiple treatment challenges. These obstacles often arise due to cancer stem cells, which are associated with recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance. While dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy has shown promise as a therapeutic strategy, its efficacy can be limited by the tumor microenvironment and certain inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules, such as B7H7. SiRNA-medicated knockdown of B7H7 in tumor cell lysate-pulsed DCs can increase cytokine secretion and autologous T lymphocyte expansion. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of B7H7 suppression in gastric cancer cell lysate-pulsed DCs on the stimulatory potential of autologous CD3+ T lymphocytes. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and monocytes were obtained; then, they were differentiated to immature DCs (iDCs) by GM-CSF and IL-4. Tumor cell lysates from human gastric cancer cell lines were harvested, and iDCs were transformed into mature DCs (mDCs) by stimulating iDCs with tumor cell lysate and lipopolysaccharide. B7H7-siRNA was delivered into mDCs using electroporation, and gene silencing efficiency was assessed. The phenotypic characteristics of iDCs, mDCs, and B7H7-silenced mDCs were evaluated using specific surface markers, an inverted light microscope, and flow cytometry. CD3+ T cells were isolated via magnetically activated cell sorting. They were labeled with CFSE dye and co-cultured with mDCs and B7H7-silenced mDCs to evaluate their ability to induce T-cell proliferation. T-cell proliferation was assessed using flow cytometry. The concentration of TGF-β, IL-4, and IFN-γ secreted from CD3+ T cells in the co-cultured supernatant was evaluated to investigate the cytokine secretory activity of the cells. RESULTS Transfection of B7H7 siRNA into mDCs was performed in optimal conditions, and the siRNA transfection effectively reduced B7H7 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. SiRNA-mediated B7H7 knockdown in mDCs enhanced maturation and activation of the DCs, as demonstrated by an increased surface expression of CD11c, CD86, and CD40. Co-culture experiments revealed that B7H7-silenced mDCs had more capacity to induce T cell proliferation compared to non-transfected mDCs. The cytokine production patterns of T cells were also altered. Upon examining the levels of TGF-β, IL-4, and IFN-γ released by CD3+ T cells in the co-culture supernatant, we found that silencing B7H7 in mDCs resulted in a rise in IL-4 secretion and a reduction in TGF-β levels compared to mDCs that were not transfected. CONCLUSIONS The study found that suppressing B7H7 expression in DCs significantly enhances their maturation and stimulatory activity when exposed to gastric cancer cell lysate. These B7H7-silenced DCs can substantially increase cytokine production and promote co-cultured T-cell expansion. Consequently, inhibiting B7H7 in DCs may offer a practical strategy to enhance the ability of DCs to initiate T lymphocyte responses and improve the effectiveness of DC-based cell therapy for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Masoumi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran; (J.M.); (F.G.); (V.K.S.); (A.G.J.); (B.N.); (A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Farid Ghorbaninezhad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran; (J.M.); (F.G.); (V.K.S.); (A.G.J.); (B.N.); (A.B.); (A.M.)
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran
| | - Hossein Saeedi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran; (J.M.); (F.G.); (V.K.S.); (A.G.J.); (B.N.); (A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Sahar Safaei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran; (J.M.); (F.G.); (V.K.S.); (A.G.J.); (B.N.); (A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Vahid Khaze Shahgoli
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran; (J.M.); (F.G.); (V.K.S.); (A.G.J.); (B.N.); (A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Amir Ghaffari Jolfayi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran; (J.M.); (F.G.); (V.K.S.); (A.G.J.); (B.N.); (A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Bahar Naseri
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran; (J.M.); (F.G.); (V.K.S.); (A.G.J.); (B.N.); (A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran; (J.M.); (F.G.); (V.K.S.); (A.G.J.); (B.N.); (A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Elham Baghbani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran; (J.M.); (F.G.); (V.K.S.); (A.G.J.); (B.N.); (A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran; (J.M.); (F.G.); (V.K.S.); (A.G.J.); (B.N.); (A.B.); (A.M.)
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bakhshivand
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran; (J.M.); (F.G.); (V.K.S.); (A.G.J.); (B.N.); (A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Mohammad Reza Javan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 98616-15881, Iran;
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran; (J.M.); (F.G.); (V.K.S.); (A.G.J.); (B.N.); (A.B.); (A.M.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51548-53431, Iran
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Zhang Z, Zhu T, Zhang L, Xing Y, Yan Z, Li Q. Critical influence of cytokines and immune cells in autoimmune gastritis. Autoimmunity 2023; 56:2174531. [PMID: 36762543 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2023.2174531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a type of the most common cancers. Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) and infection with Helicobacter pylori (HP) are the risk factors of triggering GC. With the emphasis on the treatment of HP, the incidence and prevalence of HP infection in population is decreasing. However, AIG lacks accurate diagnosis and treatment methods, which occupies high cancer risk factors. AIG is controlled by the immune environment of the stomach, including immune cells, inflammatory cells, and infiltrating intercellular material. Various immune cells or cytokines play a central role in the process of regulating gastric parietal cells. Abnormal expression levels of cytokines involved in immunity are bound to face the risk of tumorigenesis. Therefore, it is particularly important for preventing or treating AIG and avoiding the risk of gastric cancer to clarify the confirmed action mode of immune cells and cytokines in the gastric system. Herein, we briefly reviewed the role of the immune environment under AIG, focussing on describing these double-edged effects between immune cells and cytokines, and pointing out potential research challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Zhang
- Kunshan Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tongtong Zhu
- Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Kunshan Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanchao Xing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- Kunshan Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingsong Li
- Kunshan Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Negura I, Pavel-Tanasa M, Danciu M. Regulatory T cells in gastric cancer: Key controllers from pathogenesis to therapy. Cancer Treat Rev 2023; 120:102629. [PMID: 37769435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that remains a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality worldwide, despite a decline in incidence in recent years. Early-stage GC poses a diagnostic challenge due to its asymptomatic nature, leading to poor prognoses for most patients. Conventional treatment approaches, including chemotherapy and surgery, have shown limited efficacy in improving outcomes for GC patients. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized cancer therapy, yielding durable responses across various malignancies. However, the clinical benefits of ICIs in GC have been modest, underscoring the need for a comprehensive understanding of immune cell functions within the GC tumor microenvironment (TME). Regulatory T cells (Tregs), a subset of T lymphocytes, play a pivotal role in GC development and progression and serve as prognostic biomarkers for GC patients. This review aims to elucidate the multifaceted roles of Tregs in the pathogenesis, progression, and prognosis of gastric cancer, and establish their actual and future potential as therapeutic targets. By providing insights into the intricate interplay between Tregs and the TME, this review strives to stimulate further investigation and facilitate the development of targeted Treg-based therapeutic strategies for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Negura
- Department of Pathology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Pavel-Tanasa
- Department of Immunology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Mihai Danciu
- Department of Pathology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Xu X, Chen J, Li W, Feng C, Liu Q, Gao W, He M. Immunology and immunotherapy in gastric cancer. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:3189-3204. [PMID: 37322134 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. As the diagnosis of early gastric cancer is difficult, most patients are at a late stage of cancer progression when diagnosed. The current therapeutic approaches based on surgical or endoscopic resection and chemotherapy indeed improve patients' outcomes. Immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors has opened a new era for cancer treatment, and the immune system of the host is reshaped to combat tumor cells and the strategy differs according to the patient's immune system. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the roles of various immune cells in the progression of gastric cancer is beneficial to application for immunotherapy and the discovery of new therapeutic targets. This review describes the functions of different immune cells in gastric cancer development, mainly focusing on T cells, B cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils as well as chemokines or cytokines secreted by tumor cells. And this review also discusses the latest advances in immune-related therapeutic approaches such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T or vaccine, to reveal potential and promising strategies for gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaqing Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450007, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450007, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenlu Feng
- Department of Cancer Center, Nanyang First People's Hospital, Nanyang, 473000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng He
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450007, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Z, Wang G, Shao X, Wu H, Su X, Zhu L, Ji Z. A Novel Prognostic Biomarker CCR8 for Gastric Cancer and Anti-CCR8 Blockade Attenuate the Immunosuppressive Capacity of Tregs In Vitro. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2023; 38:415-424. [PMID: 37102694 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2022.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the immunotherapeutic roles and functions of C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 8 (CCR8) molecule in gastric cancer (GC). Materials and Methods: Clinicopathological features of 95 GC cases were collected by a follow-up survey. The expression level of CCR8 was measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and analyzed with the cancer genome atlas database. The relationship between CCR8 expression and Clinicopathological features of GC cases was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. Flow cytometry was used to determine the expression of cytokines and the proliferation of CD4+ regulator T cells (Tregs) and CD8+ T cells. Results: An upregulated expression of CCR8 in GC tissues was associated with tumor grade, nodal metastasis, and overall survival (OS). Tumor-infiltrated Tregs with higher expression of CCR8 produced more IL10 molecules in vitro. In addition, anti-CCR8 blocking downregulated IL10 expression produced by CD4+ Tregs, and reversed the suppression by Tregs on the secretion and proliferation of CD8+ T cells. Conclusion: CCR8 molecule could be a prognostic biomarker for GC cases and a therapeutic target for immune treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Zhang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyu Shao
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hailu Wu
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyu Su
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Long Zhu
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenling Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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10
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MaruYama T, Miyazaki H, Lim YJ, Gu J, Ishikawa M, Yoshida T, Chen W, Owada Y, Shibata H. Pyrolyzed deketene curcumin controls regulatory T cell generation and gastric cancer metabolism cooperate with 2-deoxy-d-glucose. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1049713. [PMID: 36814928 PMCID: PMC9939626 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1049713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrolyzed deketene curcumin GO-Y022 prevents carcinogenesis in a gastric cancer mouse model. However, it is still less clear if GO-Y022 affects tumor-induced immune suppression. In this study, we found that GO-Y022 inhibited Treg generation in the presence of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β). However, GO-Y022 showed less impact on Foxp3+ Tregs in the gastric tumor microenvironment. Gastric tumor cells produce a large amount of L-lactate in the presence of GO-Y022 and diminish the inhibitory role of GO-Y022 against Treg generation in response to TGF-β. Therefore, naïve CD4+ T cells co-cultured with GO-Y022 treated gastric tumor cells increased Treg generation. GO-Y022-induced tumor cell death was further enhanced by 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG), a glycolysis inhibitor. Combination treatment of GO-Y022 and 2DG results in reduced L-lactate production and Treg generation in gastric tumor cells. Overall, GO-Y022-treatment with restricted glucose metabolism inhibits gastric tumor cell survival and promotes anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi MaruYama
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyazaki
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yun-Ji Lim
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jian Gu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Masaki Ishikawa
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Taichi Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - WanJun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shibata
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
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11
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Imran KM, Ganguly A, Paul T, Powar M, Vlaisavljevich E, Cho CS, Allen IC. Magic bubbles: utilizing histotripsy to modulate the tumor microenvironment and improve systemic anti-tumor immune responses. Int J Hyperthermia 2023; 40:2244206. [PMID: 37580047 PMCID: PMC10430775 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2023.2244206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Focused Ultrasound (FUS) is emerging as a promising primary and adjunct therapy for the treatment of cancer. This includes histotripsy, which is a noninvasive, non-ionizing, non-thermal ultrasound guided ablation modality. As histotripsy has progressed from bench-to-bedside, it has become evident that this therapy has benefits beyond local tumor ablation. Specifically, histotripsy has the potential to shift the local tumor microenvironment from immunologically 'cold' to 'hot'. This is associated with the production of damage associated molecular patterns, the release of a selection of proinflammatory mediators, and the induction of inflammatory forms of cell death in cells just outside of the treatment zone. In addition to the induction of this innate immune response, histotripsy can also improve engagement of the adaptive immune system and promote systemic anti-tumor immunity targeting distal tumors and metastatic lesions. These tantalizing observations suggest that, in settings of widely metastatic disease burden, selective histotripsy of a limited number of accessible tumors could be a means of maximizing responsiveness to systemic immunotherapy. More work is certainly needed to optimize treatment strategies that best synergize histotripsy parameters with innate and adaptive immune responses. Likewise, rigorous clinical studies are still necessary to verify the presence and repeatability of these phenomena in human patients. As this technology nears regulatory approval for clinical use, it is our expectation that the insights and immunomodulatory mechanisms summarized in this review will serve as directional guides for rational clinical studies to validate and optimize the potential immunotherapeutic role of histotripsy tumor ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan M. Imran
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Anutosh Ganguly
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tamalika Paul
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Manali Powar
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Eli Vlaisavljevich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Institute for Critical and Applied Science Center for Engineered Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Clifford S. Cho
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Research Service, Ann Arbor VA Healthcare, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Irving C. Allen
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Institute for Critical and Applied Science Center for Engineered Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
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12
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Ding D, Zhao Y, Su Y, Yang H, Wang X, Chen L. Prognostic value of antitumor drug targets prediction using integrated bioinformatic analysis for immunogenic cell death-related lncRNA model based on stomach adenocarcinoma characteristics and tumor immune microenvironment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1022294. [PMID: 36313374 PMCID: PMC9614277 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1022294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) ranks as the fourth prevalent cause of mortality worldwide due to cancer. The prognosis for those suffering from STAD was bleak. Immunogenic cell death (ICD), a form of induced cellular death that causes an adaptive immune response and has increasing in anticancer treatment. However, it has not been ascertained how ICD-related lncRNAs affect STAD. Using univariate Cox regression and the TCGA database, lncRNAs with prognostic value were identified. Thereafter, we created a prognostic lncRNA-based model using LASSO. Kaplan-Meier assessment, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyzation, independent prognostic investigation, and nomogram were used to assess model correctness. Additional research included evaluations of the immunological microenvironment, gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA), tumor mutation burdens (TMBs), tumor immune dysfunctions and exclusions (TIDEs), and antitumor compounds IC50 predictions. We found 24 ICD-related lncRNAs with prognostic value via univariate Cox analysis (p < 0.05). Subsequently, a risk model was proposed using five lncRNAs relevant to ICD. The risk signature, correlated with immune cell infiltration, had strong predictive performance. Individuals at low-risk group outlived those at high risk (p < 0.001). An evaluation of the 5-lncRNA risk mode including ROC curves, nomograms, and correction curves confirmed its predictive capability. The findings of functional tests revealed a substantial alteration in immunological conditions and the IC50 sensitivity for the two groups. Using five ICD-related lncRNAs, the authors developed a new risk model for STAD patients that could predict their cumulative overall survival rate and guide their individual treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Operating Room, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanzhuo Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huaixi Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Chen,
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13
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Zhao Y, Bai Y, Shen M, Li Y. Therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer targeting immune cells: Future directions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:992762. [PMID: 36225938 PMCID: PMC9549957 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.992762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignancy with a high incidence and mortality, and the emergence of immunotherapy has brought survival benefits to GC patients. Compared with traditional therapy, immunotherapy has the advantages of durable response, long-term survival benefits, and lower toxicity. Therefore, targeted immune cells are the most promising therapeutic strategy in the field of oncology. In this review, we introduce the role and significance of each immune cell in the tumor microenvironment of GC and summarize the current landscape of immunotherapy in GC, which includes immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy (ACT), dendritic cell (DC) vaccines, reduction of M2 tumor-associated macrophages (M2 TAMs), N2 tumor-associated neutrophils (N2 TANs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), effector regulatory T cells (eTregs), and regulatory B cells (Bregs) in the tumor microenvironment and reprogram TAMs and TANs into tumor killer cells. The most widely used immunotherapy strategies are the immune checkpoint inhibitor programmed cell death 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) antibody, cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) antibody, and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) in ACT, and these therapeutic strategies have significant anti-tumor efficacy in solid tumors and hematological tumors. Targeting other immune cells provides a new direction for the immunotherapy of GC despite the relatively weak clinical data, which have been confirmed to restore or enhance anti-tumor immune function in preclinical studies and some treatment strategies have entered the clinical trial stage, and it is expected that more and more effective immune cell–based therapeutic methods will be developed and applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuansong Bai
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meili Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yapeng Li, ; Meili Shen,
| | - Yapeng Li
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yapeng Li, ; Meili Shen,
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14
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Wang X, Shi X, Lu H, Zhang C, Li X, Zhang T, Shen J, Wen J. Succinylation Inhibits the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of the Extracellular Matrix Protein Fibrillin 1 and Promotes Gastric Cancer Progression. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200546. [PMID: 35901491 PMCID: PMC9507347 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is crucial in the regulation of gastric cancer (GC) progression. This work aims to reveal novel posttranslational modifications and their relevant mechanisms in GC. In 3D matrix culture and animal models, it is found that fibrillin 1 (FBN1) expression is increased in advanced GC and has succinylation modification. The succinylation modification of FBN1 blocks its degradation by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The long-term accumulation and deposition of FBN1 enhance tumor progression by activating TGF-β1 and intracellular PI3K/Akt pathway. The FBN1 succinylation site monoclonal antibody can effectively intervene the effect of succinylation modification and inhibit GC progression. FBN1 is specifically upregulated in the progression of GC compared with other tumors. In conclusion, FBN1 is widely present in the form of K672-succinylated modifications in GC. Besides, the succinyl group of FBN1 blocks its binding to MMP2, inhibits its degradation by MMP2, and leads to the accumulation of FBN1, which poses a long-term risk to the poor prognosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyun Wang
- Department of General SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- Hongqiao International Institute of MedicineTongren HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNo. 1111, XianXia RoadShanghai200336China
| | - Xiao Shi
- Department of GastroenterologyZhongda HospitalSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Hongcheng Lu
- Department of UrologyZhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeastern China UniversityNanjing210029China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of BiotherapyMedical Center for Digestive DiseasesSecond Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210011China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Surgical OncologyJiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210029China
| | - Tiancheng Zhang
- Department of Surgical OncologyJiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210029China
| | - Jiajia Shen
- Department of General SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
| | - Jianfei Wen
- Department of General SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
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15
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Cell death affecting the progression of gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:377. [PMID: 36038533 PMCID: PMC9424204 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a gastrointestinal tumor with high morbidity and mortality rates. Several factors influence its progression, cell death being an important element. In this review, we summarized the effects of necrosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and eight less common cell death modalities on gastric cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment, detailed the molecular mechanisms of various cell death and their major regulatory pathways in gastric cancer, explored the prevalence and complexity of cell death in gastric cancer progression and highlighted the potentials of cell death-related therapies in gastric cancer.
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16
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Circulating Exosome Cargoes Contain Functionally Diverse Cancer Biomarkers: From Biogenesis and Function to Purification and Potential Translational Utility. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143350. [PMID: 35884411 PMCID: PMC9318395 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although diagnostic and therapeutic treatments of cancer have tremendously improved over the past two decades, the indolent nature of its symptoms has made early detection challenging. Thus, inter-disciplinary (genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and lipidomic) research efforts have been focused on the non-invasive identification of unique "silver bullet" cancer biomarkers for the design of ultra-sensitive molecular diagnostic assays. Circulating tumor biomarkers, such as CTCs and ctDNAs, which are released by tumors in the circulation, have already demonstrated their clinical utility for the non-invasive detection of certain solid tumors. Considering that exosomes are actively produced by all cells, including tumor cells, and can be found in the circulation, they have been extensively assessed for their potential as a source of circulating cell-specific biomarkers. Exosomes are particularly appealing because they represent a stable and encapsulated reservoir of active biological compounds that may be useful for the non-invasive detection of cancer. T biogenesis of these extracellular vesicles is profoundly altered during carcinogenesis, but because they harbor unique or uniquely combined surface proteins, cancer biomarker studies have been focused on their purification from biofluids, for the analysis of their RNA, DNA, protein, and lipid cargoes. In this review, we evaluate the biogenesis of normal and cancer exosomes, provide extensive information on the state of the art, the current purification methods, and the technologies employed for genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and lipidomic evaluation of their cargoes. Our thorough examination of the literature highlights the current limitations and promising future of exosomes as a liquid biopsy for the identification of circulating tumor biomarkers.
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17
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Wu D, Wang Z. Gastric Cancer Cell-Derived Kynurenines Hyperactive Regulatory T Cells to Promote Chemoresistance via the IL-10/STAT3/BCL2 Signaling Pathway. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:447-455. [PMID: 35353612 PMCID: PMC9063152 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance is frequently observed in gastric cancer patients and is associated with poor prognosis; tryptophan (Trp) catabolism has been recognized as a key metabolic regulator of many types of cancer progression. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Trp metabolite kynurenine (Kyn) were analyzed using tumor tissues. Chemotherapy resistance induced by IL-10 or Treg was detected by flow cytometry assay. The activation of STAT3/BCL2 signaling pathways in gastric cells cocultured by Treg was illustrated by western blotting. Patients' Treg and human gastric cancer organoid model were established to examine the anticancer effects of STAT3 inhibitor. We found that a higher level of IL-10 secreted by Kyn-induced Tregs was responsible for the 5-fluorouracil-induced resistance of gastric cancer cell lines. STAT3 and BCL2 knockout significantly abrogated Treg supernatant- or IL-10-induced chemoresistance in SGC7901 and BGC823 cell lines. Furthermore, STAT3 inhibitor significantly reduced the organoid and clonogenicity of organoids cocultured with Treg. Our data suggested that tumor-derived Kyn may hyperactivate Tregs and induce chemoresistance through the IL-10/STAT3/BCL2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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18
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Lima de Souza Gonçalves V, Cordeiro Santos ML, Silva Luz M, Santos Marques H, de Brito BB, França da Silva FA, Souza CL, Oliveira MV, de Melo FF. From Helicobacter pylori infection to gastric cancer: Current evidence on the immune response. World J Clin Oncol 2022; 13:186-199. [PMID: 35433296 PMCID: PMC8966509 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v13.i3.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the result of a multifactorial process whose main components are infection by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), bacterial virulence factors, host immune response and environmental factors. The development of the neoplastic microenvironment also depends on genetic and epigenetic changes in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, which results in deregulation of cell signaling pathways and apoptosis process. This review summarizes the main aspects of the pathogenesis of GC and the immune response involved in chronic inflammation generated by H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Luísa Cordeiro Santos
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcel Silva Luz
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Hanna Santos Marques
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus Vitória da Conquista, Vitória da Conquista 45083-900, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Breno Bittencourt de Brito
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudio Lima Souza
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Márcio Vasconcelos Oliveira
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
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19
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The immunological role of CD4 and CD8 in patients infected with Helicobacter pylori and stomach cancer. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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20
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Cui MY, Yi X, Zhu DX, Wu J. Aberrant lipid metabolism reprogramming and immune microenvironment for gastric cancer: a literature review. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:3829-3842. [PMID: 35116681 PMCID: PMC8797372 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective We summarize the aberrant lipid metabolism disorders associated with enzyme activity and expression changes and related immune microenvironment for gastric cancer. Background Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor of the primary digestive system with high incidence, poor prognosis characterized by extensive metastasis and poor effect with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. One of the most important metabolic characteristics of cancer cells is lipid metabolism reprogramming to adapt to the tumor micro-environment. Methods The focus of research in recent years has also been on lipid metabolism disorders, particularly aberrant metabolism of fatty acids (FAs) in gastric cancer cells, as well as an upregulation of the expression and activity of key enzymes in lipid metabolism. These changes remind us of the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. These metabolic changes are not unique to cancer cells. Changes in metabolic procedures also determine the function and viability of immune cells. In the immune microenvironment of gastric cancer, the metabolic competition and interaction between cancer cells and immune cells are not very clear, while a deeper understanding of the topic is critical to targeting the differential metabolic requirements of them that comprise an immune response to cancer offers an opportunity to selectively regulate immune cell function. Conclusions Recent research suggests that targeting metabolism is an emerging and potentially promising treatment strategy for gastric cancer patients. We need to explore it further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ying Cui
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xing Yi
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Dan-Xia Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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21
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Dou X, Hua Y, Chen Z, Chao F, Li M. Extracellular vesicles containing PD-L1 contribute to CD8+ T-cell immune suppression and predict poor outcomes in small cell lung cancer. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 207:307-317. [PMID: 35553630 PMCID: PMC9113186 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is expressed on the surface of tumor cells and binds to programmed cell death protein-1 (PD1) on the surface of T cells, leading to cancer immune evasion via inhibition of T-cell function. One of the characteristics of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is its ineffective anti-tumor immune response and highly immunosuppressive status in the tumor microenvironment. SCLC cells have been shown to generate extracellular vesicles (EVs), which may play an important role in tumor progression. We thus hypothesized that SCLC EVs may be important mediators of immunosuppression and that PD-L1 could play a role. Herein, we showed that PD-L1 was expressed on the surface of SCLC-derived EVs, with the potential to directly bind to PD1. Experimentally, we further showed that EVs secreted by SCLC cells can inhibit CD8+ T-cell activation and cytokine production in vitro in response to T-cell receptor stimulation. Importantly, an anti-PD-L1 blocking antibody significantly reversed the EV-mediated inhibition of CD8+ T-cell activation. Furthermore, we performed a retrospective study of patients with SCLC to determine the prognostic value of PD-L1 harvested from plasm circulating EVs. The results showed that EVs containing PD-L1 was an independent prognostic factor and significantly correlated with progression-free survival. Together, these results indicate that EVs containing PD-L1 can be served as a diagnostic biomarker for predicting the effectiveness of therapy, as well as a new strategy to enhance T-cell-mediated immunotherapy against SCLC cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhaowu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fengmei Chao
- Department of Cancer Epigenetics Program, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ming Li
- Correspondence: Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China, 230032.
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22
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Peripheral Cytokine Levels as a Prognostic Indicator in Gastric Cancer: A Review of Existing Literature. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121916. [PMID: 34944729 PMCID: PMC8698340 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although strong connections exist between the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer and chronic inflammation, gastric cancer is unique in that the chronic gastritis which frequently precedes carcinogenesis is strongly associated with H. pylori infection. The interplay between H. pylori virulence factors and host immune cells is complex but culminates in the activation of inflammatory pathways and transcription factors such as NF-κB, STAT3, and AP-1, all of which upregulate cytokine production. Due to the key role of cytokines in modulating the immune response against tumour cells as well as possibly stimulating tumour growth and proliferation, different patterns of cytokine secretion may be associated with varying patient outcomes. In relation to gastric cancer, interleukin-6, 8, 10, 17A, TNF, and IFN-γ may have pro-tumour properties, although interleukin-10, TNF, and IFN-γ may have anti-tumour effects. However, due to the lack of studies investigating patient outcomes, only a link between higher interleukin-6 levels and poorer prognosis has been demonstrated. Further investigations which link peripheral cytokine levels to patient prognosis may elucidate important pathological mechanisms in gastric cancer which adversely impact patient survival and allow treatments targeting these processes to be developed.
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23
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Abd-Allah MYY, Abdel-Salam RA, Refat S. Immunohistochemical expression of FOXP3 in gastric carcinoma; its relation to Ki-67 proliferation marker, HER2/neu expression, and other clinicopathological parameters. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2021; 43:1959341. [PMID: 34806545 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2021.1959341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is common cancer in the world. Contradictory results regarding FOXP3 expression in gastric carcinoma were detected and the role of Ki-67 in prognosis is not completely understood. Furthermore, due to increasing use of anti-HER2 drug trastuzumab for gastric cancer, assessment of HER2 expression becomes important. This study tried to assess the FOXP3 expression in gastric carcinoma and to study the relation between its expression and Ki-67 and HER2/neu expression and relation between their expression and other clinicopathological variables. This retrospective study was carried out on 60 gastric adenocarcinoma cases. Tissue microarrays and immunohistochemical staining for FOXP3, Ki-67 and HER2/neu were done and then assessed and scored. HER2/neu expression showed significant relation to Lauren histological type and lymph node status. High Ki-67 index was related significantly to patients' age, lympho-vascular tumor emboli, peri-neural invasion, tumor grade, lymph node status, and cancer stage. There was significant relation between high FOXP3 expression and patients' age, lympho-vascular tumor emboli, peri-neural invasion, tumor grade, lymph node status, and cancer stage. Direct positive significant relationships between HER2/neu, Ki-67, and FOXP3 expression were noticed. Finally, high FOXP3 expression, positive HER2/neu, and high Ki-67 nuclear proliferation index may be an indication of the aggressiveness of gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Y Y Abd-Allah
- Associate Professor of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Al Mansurah Egypt.,Assistant Lecturer of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Al Mansurah Egypt.,Lecturer of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Al Mansurah Egypt
| | - Ramy Ahmed Abdel-Salam
- Associate Professor of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Al Mansurah Egypt.,Assistant Lecturer of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Al Mansurah Egypt.,Lecturer of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Al Mansurah Egypt
| | - Sherine Refat
- Associate Professor of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Al Mansurah Egypt.,Assistant Lecturer of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Al Mansurah Egypt.,Lecturer of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Al Mansurah Egypt
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24
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Senchukova MA, Tomchuk O, Shurygina EI. Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer: Features of infection and their correlations with long-term results of treatment. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:6290-6305. [PMID: 34712033 PMCID: PMC8515796 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i37.6290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a spiral-shaped bacterium responsible for the development of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, gastric cancer (GC), and MALT-lymphoma of the stomach. H. pylori can be present in the gastric mucosa (GM) in both spiral and coccoid forms. However, it is not known whether the severity of GM contamination by various vegetative forms of H. pylori is associated with clinical and morphological characteristics and long-term results of GC treatment.
AIM To establish the features of H. pylori infection in patients with GC and their correlations with clinical and morphological characteristics of diseases and long-term results of treatment.
METHODS Of 109 patients with GC were included in a prospective cohort study. H. pylori in the GM and tumor was determined by rapid urease test and by immunohistochemically using the antibody to H. pylori. The results obtained were compared with the clinical and morphological characteristics and prognosis of GC. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 10.0 software.
RESULTS H. pylori was detected in the adjacent to the tumor GM in 84.5% of cases, of which a high degree of contamination was noted in 50.4% of the samples. Coccoid forms of H. pylori were detected in 93.4% of infected patients, and only coccoid-in 68.9%. It was found that a high degree of GM contamination by the coccoid forms of H. pylori was observed significantly more often in diffuse type of GC (P = 0.024), in poorly differentiated GC (P = 0.011), in stage T3-4 (P = 0.04) and in N1 (P = 0.011). In cases of moderate and marked concentrations of H. pylori in GM, a decrease in 10-year relapse free and overall survival from 55.6% to 26.3% was observed (P = 0.02 and P = 0.07, respectively). The relationship between the severity of the GM contamination by the spiral-shaped forms of H. pylori and the clinical and morphological characteristics and prognosis of GC was not revealed.
CONCLUSION The data obtained indicates that H. pylori may be associated not only with induction but also with the progression of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Senchukova
- Department of Oncology, Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg 460000, Russia
| | - Olesya Tomchuk
- Department of Histology, Cytology, Embryology, Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg 460000, Russia
| | - Elena I Shurygina
- Department of Pathology, Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg 460000, Russia
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25
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Xu X, Liu H, Hao T, Yin S, Zhang C, He Y. Poor Prognosis and Therapeutic Responses in LILRB1-Expressing M2 Macrophages-Enriched Gastric Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2021; 11:668707. [PMID: 34485116 PMCID: PMC8415088 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.668707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive molecules are valuable prognostic biomarkers across different cancer types. Leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor subfamily B1 (LILRB1) is considered to be an immunosuppressive molecule, which is an important receptor of human leukocyte antigen G. However, the clinical significance of LILRB1 expression in gastric cancer remains unexplored. We analyzed the immunohistochemistry data of 166 gastric cancer patients to determine the clinicopathologic and survival significance of LILRB1. Immunofluorescence was conducted to detect the co-localization of LILRB1 with infiltrating immune cells. Additionally, we also assessed the immune contexture, immune cell functions and tumor microenvironment state related to LILRB1. We found that LILRB1 was mainly present in tumor stroma which was higher in tumor tissues compared with matched adjacent tissues. High-LILRB1 expression was associated with more advanced tumor stage, higher recurrence risk and worse survival. Immunohistochemistry and bioinformatic analysis showed that LILRB1 had a significant positive correlation with M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) infiltration. Immunofluorescence confirmed that M2 TAMs were the primary immune cells expressing LILRB1. Dense infiltration of LILRB1+ M2 TAMs yielded an immunosuppressive microenvironment manifested as enriched exhausted CD8+ T cells and increased immunosuppressive cytokines. Moreover, patients with high infiltration of both LILRB1+ cells and M2 TAMs indicated poor prognosis and inferior therapeutic responsiveness to adjuvant chemotherapy. In conclusion, LILRB1+ M2 TAMs were associated with a pro-tumor immune contexture and determine poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Further studies are essential to explore therapeutic targeting LILRB1+ M2 TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Zhang
- Department of Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huifang Liu
- Department of Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tengfei Hao
- Department of Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Songcheng Yin
- Department of Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Department of Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yulong He
- Department of Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Iwamuro M, Takahashi T, Watanabe N, Okada H. Isolation of lymphocytes from the human gastric mucosa. World J Methodol 2021; 11:199-207. [PMID: 34322369 PMCID: PMC8299908 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v11.i4.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry is widely used for lymphocyte immunophenotyping in clinical settings. However, few studies have applied it for analyzing lymphocytes of the gastric mucosa. This review offers an overview of methodologies for isolating lymphocytes from the human stomach. Previously reported articles were reviewed, focusing on procedures for isolating human gastric mucosal lymphocytes. Helicobacter pylori-associated peptic diseases and gastric cancer are two major subjects of research in this field. Enzymatic dissociation, mechanical dissociation, or a combination of the two have been used to isolate lymphocytes from the stomach. Intra-epithelial and lamina propria lymphocytes were separately isolated in several studies. We also summarize the history and present trends in analyzing lymphocytes in patients with gastric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Iwamuro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takahide Takahashi
- Division of Medical Support, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Natsuki Watanabe
- Division of Medical Support, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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27
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Hendricks-Wenger A, Hutchison R, Vlaisavljevich E, Allen IC. Immunological Effects of Histotripsy for Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:681629. [PMID: 34136405 PMCID: PMC8200675 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.681629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide despite major advancements in diagnosis and therapy over the past century. One of the most debilitating aspects of cancer is the burden brought on by metastatic disease. Therefore, an ideal treatment protocol would address not only debulking larger primary tumors but also circulating tumor cells and distant metastases. To address this need, the use of immune modulating therapies has become a pillar in the oncology armamentarium. A therapeutic option that has recently emerged is the use of focal ablation therapies that can destroy a tumor through various physical or mechanical mechanisms and release a cellular lysate with the potential to stimulate an immune response. Histotripsy is a non-invasive, non-ionizing, non-thermal, ultrasound guided ablation technology that has shown promise over the past decade as a debulking therapy. As histotripsy therapies have developed, the full picture of the accompanying immune response has revealed a wide range of immunogenic mechanisms that include DAMP and anti-tumor mediator release, changes in local cellular immune populations, development of a systemic immune response, and therapeutic synergism with the inclusion of checkpoint inhibitor therapies. These studies also suggest that there is an immune effect from histotripsy therapies across multiple murine tumor types that may be reproducible. Overall, the effects of histotripsy on tumors show a positive effect on immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Hendricks-Wenger
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Ruby Hutchison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Eli Vlaisavljevich
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Sciences Center for Engineered Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Irving Coy Allen
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Sciences Center for Engineered Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Department of Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States
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28
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Fan Y, Fan Y, Liu K, Lonan P, Liao F, Huo Y, Zhong X, Liang Y, Wang Y, Hou S, Lai X, Li G, Kuang W. Edible Bird's Nest Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in C57BL/6J Mice by Restoring the Th17/Treg Cell Balance. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:632602. [PMID: 33967768 PMCID: PMC8097138 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.632602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with a complex aetiology that commonly recurs. Most drugs for UC treatment interfere with metabolism and immune responses, often causing some serious adverse reactions. Therefore, the development of alternative treatments, including nutritional supplements and probiotics, have been one of the main areas of current research due to fewer side effect. As both a Chinese medicine and a food, edible bird’s nest (EBN) has high nutritional value. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that it has anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, antiviral and neuroprotective effects. In this study, UC was induced with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to investigate the protective effect of EBN on colitis mice and the related mechanism. The body weight, faecal morphology and faecal occult blood results of mice were recorded every day from the beginning of the modelling period. After the end of the experiment, the length of the colon was measured, and the colon was collected for histopathological detection, inflammatory factor detection and immunohistochemical detection. Mouse spleens were dissected for flow cytometry. The results showed that in mice with colitis, EBN improved symptoms of colitis, reduced colonic injury, and inhibited the increases in the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. The T helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T (Treg) cell balance was restored by decreasing the expression of IL-17A and IL-6 in intestinal tissues, increasing the expression of TGF-β, and decreasing the number of Th17 cells in each EBN dose group. These findings suggest that EBN has a protective effect on DSS-mediated colitis in mice, mainly by restoring the Th17/Treg cell balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohua Fan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanqun Fan
- Xiamen Yan Palace Seelong Food Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Kunfeng Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Piyanuch Lonan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Liao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Huo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhong
- Xiamen Yan Palace Seelong Food Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Yueliang Liang
- Guangzhou Tongkang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Xiamen Yan Palace Seelong Food Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Shaozhen Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geng Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihong Kuang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials of Guangdong Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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29
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Ning ZK, Hu CG, Huang C, Liu J, Zhou TC, Zong Z. Molecular Subtypes and CD4 + Memory T Cell-Based Signature Associated With Clinical Outcomes in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:626912. [PMID: 33816214 PMCID: PMC8011500 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.626912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD4+ memory T cells are an important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and affect tumor occurrence and progression. Nevertheless, there has been no systematic analysis of the effect of CD4+ memory T cells in gastric cancer (GC). Methods Three datasets obtained from microarray and the corresponding clinical data of GC patients were retrieved and downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We uploaded the normalize gene expression data with standard annotation to the CIBERSORT web portal for evaluating the proportion of immune cells in the GC samples. The WGCNA was performed to identify the modules the CD4+ memory T cell related module (CD4+ MTRM) which was most significantly associated with CD4+ memory T cell. Univariate Cox analysis was used to screen prognostic CD4+ memory T cell-related genes (CD4+ MTRGs) in CD4+ MTRM. LASSO analysis and multivariate Cox analysis were then performed to construct a prognostic gene signature whose effect was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC), Harrell’s concordance index (C-index), and decision curve analyses (DCA). A prognostic nomogram was finally established based on the CD4+ MTRGs. Result We observed that a high abundance of CD4+ memory T cells was associated with better survival in GC patients. CD4+ MTRM was used to stratify GC patients into three clusters by unsupervised clustering analysis and ten CD4+ MTRGs were identified. Overall survival, five immune checkpoint genes and 17 types of immunocytes were observed to be significantly different among the three clusters. A ten-CD4+ MTRG signature was constructed to predict GC patient prognosis. The ten-CD4+ MTRG signature could divide GC patients into high- and low-risk groups with distinct OS rates. Multivariate Cox analysis suggested that the ten-CD4+ MTRG signature was an independent risk factor in GC. A nomogram incorporating this signature and clinical variables was established, and the C-index was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.697–0.763). Calibration curves and DCA presented high credibility for the OS nomogram. Conclusion We identified three molecule subtypes, ten CD4+ MTRGs, and generated a prognostic nomogram that reliably predicts OS in GC. These findings have implications for precise prognosis prediction and individualized targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Kun Ning
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Day Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ce-Gui Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tai-Cheng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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30
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Tang J, Pan R, Xu L, Ma Q, Ying X, Zhao J, Zhao H, Miao L, Xu Y, Duan S, Wang J. IL10 hypomethylation is associated with the risk of gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:241. [PMID: 33664805 PMCID: PMC7882872 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL10), a pleiotropic cytokine secreted by type-2 helper (Th2) T cells, contributes to the oncogenic activation or inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes. The present study investigated whether hypomethylation of IL10 CpG island (CGI) was associated with the risk of developing gastric cancer (GC) and the prognosis of patients with GC. A fragment (hg18, chr1: 206945638-206945774) at the CGI of IL10 was selected for the present methylation assay. Quantitative methylation-specific PCR was used to evaluate the methylation of IL10 CGI in 117 tumor samples from patients with GC. The results demonstrated that IL10 CGI methylation was significantly lower in the tumor tissues compared with that in the paired adjacent non-tumor tissues (median percentage of methylated reference, 29.16 vs. 42.82%, respectively; P=4×10−8). Furthermore, results from receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified a significant area under the curve of 0.706, with a sensitivity and a specificity of 77.8 and 58.1%, respectively, between cancer tissues and paired adjacent non-tumor tissues. Furthermore, the methylation of IL10 CGI was significantly associated with patients' age at diagnosis (r=−0.201; P=0.03). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the association between IL10 CGI hypomethylation and the risk of GC was specific for patients with low differentiation (P=1×10−7) and Borrmann types III+IV (P=1×10−7). In addition, IL10 CGI hypomethylation was significantly associated with the risk of GC for patients without smoking history (P=3×10−7) or a family history of cancer (P=2×10−7). The results from Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that IL10 CGI hypomethylation was associated with a significantly shorter overall survival of patients with GC (P=0.041). Similar results were identified for patients with GC who did not have smoking history (P=0.037) or a family history of cancer (P=0.049). The results from this study demonstrated that IL10 CGI hypomethylation may be considered as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with GC in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjian Tang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Taihu Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214004, P.R. China
| | - Ranran Pan
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Lele Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Ma
- Department of Preventive Health, The Third People's Hospital of Xiangcheng District, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215134, P.R. China
| | - Xiuru Ying
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Haibin Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Taihu Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214004, P.R. China
| | - Li Miao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Lianyungang, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 222002, P.R. China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, P.R. China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, P.R. China
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31
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Dehbashi M, Hojati Z, Motovali-Bashi M, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M, Shimosaka A, Cho WC. Computational study for suppression of CD25/IL-2 interaction. Biol Chem 2021; 402:167-178. [PMID: 33544473 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer recurrence presents a huge challenge in cancer patient management. Immune escape is a key mechanism of cancer progression and metastatic dissemination. CD25 is expressed in regulatory T (Treg) cells including tumor-infiltrating Treg cells (TI-Tregs). These cells specially activate and reinforce immune escape mechanism of cancers. The suppression of CD25/IL-2 interaction would be useful against Treg cells activation and ultimately immune escape of cancer. Here, software, web servers and databases were used, at which in silico designed small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), de novo designed peptides and virtual screened small molecules against CD25 were introduced for the prospect of eliminating cancer immune escape and obtaining successful treatment. We obtained siRNAs with low off-target effects. Further, small molecules based on the binding homology search in ligand and receptor similarity were introduced. Finally, the critical amino acids on CD25 were targeted by a de novo designed peptide with disulfide bond. Hence we introduced computational-based antagonists to lay a foundation for further in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Dehbashi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zohreh Hojati
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Majid Motovali-Bashi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mazdak Ganjalikhani-Hakemi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran.,Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, HKSAR, China
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32
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Koulouridi A, Messaritakis I, Gouvas N, Tsiaoussis J, Souglakos J. Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors and Gut Microbiota: The Correlation-A Special Reference to Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010043. [PMID: 33375686 PMCID: PMC7795476 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors have become the breakthrough treatment with extended responses and survival rates in various neoplasms. They use the immune system to defeat cancer, while gut microbiota seems to play a significant role in that attempt. To date, colorectal cancer patients have gained little benefit from immunotherapy. Only mismatch repair-deficient/microsatellite-unstable tumors seem to respond positively to immunotherapy. However, gut microbiota could be the key to expanding the use of immunotherapy to a greater range of colorectal cancer patients. In the current review study, the authors aimed to present and analyze the mechanisms of action and resistance of immunotherapy and the types of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as well as their correlation to gut microbiota. A special reference will be made in the association of immunotherapy and gut microbiota in the colorectal cancer setting. Abstract Over the last few years, immunotherapy has been considered as a key player in the treatment of solid tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become the breakthrough treatment, with prolonged responses and improved survival results. ICIs use the immune system to defeat cancer by breaking the axes that allow tumors to escape immune surveillance. Innate and adaptive immunity are involved in mechanisms against tumor growth. The gut microbiome and its role in such mechanisms is a relatively new study field. The presence of a high microbial variation in the gut seems to be remarkably important for the efficacy of immunotherapy, interfering with innate immunity. Metabolic and immunity pathways are related with specific gut microbiota composition. Various studies have explored the composition of gut microbiota in correlation with the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients have gained little benefit from immunotherapy until now. Only mismatch repair-deficient/microsatellite-unstable tumors seem to respond positively to immunotherapy. However, gut microbiota could be the key to expanding the use of immunotherapy to a greater range of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimina Koulouridi
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Ippokratis Messaritakis
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (J.S.); Tel.: +30-28-1039-4926 (I.M.); +30-28-1039-4712 (J.S.)
| | - Nikolaos Gouvas
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, 20537 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - John Tsiaoussis
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - John Souglakos
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (J.S.); Tel.: +30-28-1039-4926 (I.M.); +30-28-1039-4712 (J.S.)
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Infiltration of Immunoinflammatory Cells and Related Chemokine/Interleukin Expression in Different Gastric Immune Microenvironments. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:2450569. [PMID: 33426088 PMCID: PMC7774301 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2450569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric mucosal immune microenvironment plays an important role in the occurrence and development of diseases such as inflammation and cancer. In the present study, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to evaluate the expression of cytokines and the degree of immune cell infiltration in four different gastric mucosa tissues from normal gastric mucosa, simple gastritis, and atrophic gastritis to gastric cancer. Here, we show the immune microenvironments of these four gastric mucosae were significantly different. From inflammation to gastric cancer, most immunoinflammatory cells showed a downward trend such as central memory CD4 T cell. Instead, several cells showed an upward trend such as macrophage. Additionally, we found some chemokines/interleukins were illustrated to be low expressed (or highly expressed) in precancerous stage and highly expressed (or low expressed) in postcancerous stage, which demonstrated an opposite expression characteristic in pre-/postcancerous stage.
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34
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The impaired anti-tumoral effect of immune surveillance cells in the immune microenvironment of gastric cancer. Clin Immunol 2020; 219:108551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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35
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Wang Q, Ye Y, Lin R, Weng S, Cai F, Zou M, Niu H, Ge L, Lin Y. Analysis of the expression, function, prognosis and co-expression genes of DDX20 in gastric cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2453-2462. [PMID: 33005307 PMCID: PMC7509587 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
DDX20 (DEAD-box polypeptide 20) is implicated in many cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure. The role of DDX20 in gastric cancer is still unknown. In the research, the expression of DDX20 and the functional roles of DDX20 in gastric cancer were detected. The increased DDX20 expression in gastric cancer tissue compared with normal gastric tissue was observed. Functional experiments indicated that DDX20 promoted gastric cancer MGC-803 and AGS cells growth, migration, and invasion in vitro. Surprisingly, survival analysis showed that high expression of DDX20 is a favorable prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer. In addition, enrichment analysis revealed that there is a positive correlation between DDX20 expression and T cell activation in gastric cancer. but not in normal gastric tissues. Furthermore, we found that DDX20 expression level has significant positive correlations with activated CD8 + T cells and activated CD4 + T cells in gastric cancer. Therefore, we hypothesize that the prognostic role of DDX20 in gastric cancer patients may be due to patients with high DDX20 expression contained better immune activation. Taken together, these findings suggest that DDX20 can promote the progression of gastric cancer in vitro and its prognostic value in gastric cancer may be related to many factors, including immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshui Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China.,Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China.,The Engineering Technology Research Center of Characteristic Medicinal Plants of Fujian, Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian Province 352100, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatic Drug Research, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350014, China
| | - Yan Ye
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Rongbo Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350014, China
| | - Shuyun Weng
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Fan Cai
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Mei Zou
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Haitao Niu
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Lilin Ge
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, China.,Central Laboratory at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Rehabilitation Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350014, China
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36
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Zadka Ł, Grybowski DJ, Dzięgiel P. Modeling of the immune response in the pathogenesis of solid tumors and its prognostic significance. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:539-575. [PMID: 32488850 PMCID: PMC7363737 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor initiation and subsequent progression are usually long-term processes, spread over time and conditioned by diverse aspects. Many cancers develop on the basis of chronic inflammation; however, despite dozens of years of research, little is known about the factors triggering neoplastic transformation under these conditions. Molecular characterization of both pathogenetic states, i.e., similarities and differences between chronic inflammation and cancer, is also poorly defined. The secretory activity of tumor cells may change the immunophenotype of immune cells and modify the extracellular microenvironment, which allows the bypass of host defense mechanisms and seems to have diagnostic and prognostic value. The phenomenon of immunosuppression is also present during chronic inflammation, and the development of cancer, due to its duration, predisposes patients to the promotion of chronic inflammation. The aim of our work was to discuss the above issues based on the latest scientific insights. A theoretical mechanism of cancer immunosuppression is also proposed. CONCLUSIONS Development of solid tumors may occur both during acute and chronic phases of inflammation. Differences in the regulation of immune responses between precancerous states and the cancers resulting from them emphasize the importance of immunosuppressive factors in oncogenesis. Cancer cells may, through their secretory activity and extracellular transport mechanisms, enhance deterioration of the immune system which, in turn, may have prognostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Zadka
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Damian J Grybowski
- Orthopedic Surgery, University of Illinois, 900 S. Ashland Avenue (MC944) Room 3356, Molecular Biology Research Building Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
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The Role of Gastric Mucosal Immunity in Gastric Diseases. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:7927054. [PMID: 32775468 PMCID: PMC7396052 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7927054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric mucosa plays its immune function through innate and adaptive immunity by recruiting immune cells and releasing corresponding cytokines, which have an inseparable relationship with gastric diseases. Whether infective gastric diseases caused by Helicobacter pylori, Epstein-Barr virus or other microbe, noninfective gastric diseases, or gastric cancer, gastric mucosal immunity plays an important role in the occurrence and development of the disease. Understanding the unique immune-related tissue structure of the gastric mucosa and its role in immune responses can help prevent gastric diseases or treat them through immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the basic feature of gastric mucosal immunity and its relationship with gastric diseases to track the latest progress of gastric mucosal immunity, update relevant knowledge and provide theoretical reference for the prevention and treatment of gastric diseases based on the gastric mucosal immunity.
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38
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Dai Z, Zhang J, Wu Q, Fang H, Shi C, Li Z, Lin C, Tang D, Wang D. Intestinal microbiota: a new force in cancer immunotherapy. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:90. [PMID: 32522267 PMCID: PMC7288675 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer displays high levels of heterogeneity and mutation potential, and curing cancer remains a challenge that clinicians and researchers are eager to overcome. In recent years, the emergence of cancer immunotherapy has brought hope to many patients with cancer. Cancer immunotherapy reactivates the immune function of immune cells by blocking immune checkpoints, thereby restoring the anti-tumor activity of immune cells. However, immune-related adverse events are a common complication of checkpoint blockade, which might be caused by the physiological role of checkpoint pathways in regulating adaptive immunity and preventing autoimmunity. In this context, the intestinal microbiota has shown great potential in the immunotherapy of cancer. The intestinal microbiota not only regulates the immune function of the body, but also optimizes the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors, thus reducing the occurrence of complications. Therefore, manipulating the intestinal microbiota is expected to enhance the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors and reduce adverse reactions, which will lead to new breakthroughs in immunotherapy and cancer management. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujiang Dai
- Clinical Medical college, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Jingqiu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001 P. R. China
| | - Qi Wu
- Clinical Medical college, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Huiwen Fang
- Clinical Medical college, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Chunfeng Shi
- Clinical Medical college, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Zhen Li
- Clinical Medical college, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Chaobiao Lin
- Clinical Medical college, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001 P. R. China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001 P. R. China
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Cheng C, Shou Q, Lang J, Jin L, Liu X, Tang D, Yang Z, Fu H. Gehua Jiecheng Decoction Inhibits Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice by Improving Tumor Immunosuppression Microenvironment. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:809. [PMID: 32547401 PMCID: PMC7272686 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gehua Jiecheng Decoction (GHJCD), a famous traditional Chinese medicine, has been used in the prevention and treatment of precancerous lesion of liver cancer, but its active mechanism has not been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of GHJCD on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in mice and the mechanism of this effect. We found that GHJCD effectively inhibited the occurrence of liver cancer and reduced the tumor area. The ratio of regulatory cells (Tregs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in HCC microenvironment was down-regulated, whereas that of CD8 T and effective CD8 T cells was up-regulated. In addition, the expression levels of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and CCL-2 in the liver were inhibited, whereas those of the angiogenesis related molecules CD31 and VEGF were decreased. Moreover, WNT1, β-catenin, NF-kB, p-MAPK, p-AKT, and p-SRC content in the liver decreased, whereas APC content increased. These results suggested that GHJCD exerted a good inhibitory effect on liver cancer induced by DEN and thus may have a multi-target effect; GHJCD not only antagonized the immunosuppressive effect of the microenvironment of liver cancer but also exerted strong anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenesis effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changpei Cheng
- Affiliated First Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China.,Affiliated Secondary Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiyang Shou
- Affiliated Secondary Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Lang
- Affiliated Secondary Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Jin
- Affiliated Secondary Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Affiliated Secondary Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongxin Tang
- Affiliated First Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhu Yang
- Affiliated First Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Huiying Fu
- Affiliated Secondary Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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40
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Baj J, Brzozowska K, Forma A, Maani A, Sitarz E, Portincasa P. Immunological Aspects of the Tumor Microenvironment and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Gastric Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2544. [PMID: 32268527 PMCID: PMC7177728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative, microaerophilic pathogen often results in gastric cancer in a subset of affected individuals. This explains why H. pylori is the only bacterium classified as a class I carcinogen by the World Health Organization. Several studies have pinpointed mechanisms by which H. pylori alters signaling pathways in the host cell to cause diseases. In this article, the authors have reviewed 234 studies conducted over a span of 18 years (2002-2020). The studies investigated the various mechanisms associated with gastric cancer induction. For the past 1.5 years, researchers have discovered new mechanisms contributing to gastric cancer linked to H. pylori etiology. Alongside alteration of the host signaling pathways using oncogenic CagA pathways, H. pylori induce DNA damage in the host and alter the methylation of DNA as a means of perturbing downstream signaling. Also, with H. pylori, several pathways in the host cell are activated, resulting in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), together with the induction of cell proliferation and survival. Studies have shown that H. pylori enhances gastric carcinogenesis via a multifactorial approach. What is intriguing is that most of the targeted mechanisms and pathways appear common with various forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Baj
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Karolina Brzozowska
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Alicja Forma
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Amr Maani
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Elżbieta Sitarz
- Chair and 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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Yu S, Wang Y, Hou J, Li W, Wang X, Xiang L, Tan D, Wang W, Jiang L, Claret FX, Jiao M, Guo H. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells in hepatocellular carcinoma: Tregs is correlated with poor overall survival. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231003. [PMID: 32240238 PMCID: PMC7117689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systematic interrogation of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) is key to the prediction of clinical outcome and development of immunotherapies. However, little is known about the TIICs of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its impact on the prognosis of patients and potential for immunotherapy. We applied CIBERSORT of 1090 tumors to infer the infiltration of 22 subsets of TIICs using gene expression data. Unsupervised clustering analysis by 22 TIICs revealed 4 clusters of tumors, mainly defined by macrophages and T cells, with distinct prognosis and associations with immune checkpoint molecules, including PD-1, CD274, CTLA-4, LAG-3 and IFNG. We found tumors with decreased number of M1 macrophages or increased regulatory T cells were associated with poor prognosis. Based on the multivariate Cox analysis, a nomogram was also established for clinical application. In conclusion, composition of the TIICs in HCC was quite different, which is an important determinant of prognosis with great potential to identify candidates for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- SiZhe Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
- Department of Respirology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jia Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - WenYuan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - LuoChengLing Xiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - DeLi Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - WenJuan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - LiLi Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Francois X. Claret
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Min Jiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
- * E-mail: (MJ); (HG)
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
- * E-mail: (MJ); (HG)
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Ji H, Yi Q, Chen L, Wong L, Liu Y, Xu G, Zhao J, Huang T, Li B, Yang Y, Li W, Han L, Duan S. Circulating miR-3197 and miR-2116-5p as novel biomarkers for diabetic retinopathy. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 501:147-153. [PMID: 31678272 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss among older adults. The goal of this case-control study was to identify circulating miRNAs for the diagnosis of DR. The miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Kit was used to extract serum miRNAs. The μParaflo™ MicroRNA microarray was used to detect the expression levels of the miRNAs. The miRWalk algorithm was applied to predict the target genes of the miRNAs, which were further confirmed by the dual luciferase reporter gene system in HEK293T cells. A microarray was performed between 5 DR cases and 5 age-, sex-, body mass index-, and duration of diabetes-matched type 2 diabetic (T2DM) controls. The quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique was used to validate the differentially expressed circulating miRNAs in 45 DR cases and 45 well-matched controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the performance of the circulating miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for DR. Our microarray analysis screened out miR-2116-5p and miR-3197 as significantly up-regulated in DR cases compared with the controls. Furthermore, two miRNAs were validated in the 45 DR cases and 45 controls. The ROC analysis suggested that both miR-3197 and miR-2116-5p distinguished DR cases from controls. An additional dual-luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that notch homolog 2 (NOTCH2) was the target gene of miR-2116-5p. Both miR-3197 and miR-2116-5p were identified as promising diagnostic biomarkers for DR. Future research is still needed to explore the molecular mechanisms of miR-3197 and miR-2116-5p in the pathogenesis of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Ji
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China; Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Quanyong Yi
- Ningbo Eye Hospital, Minan Road 855, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lishuang Chen
- Ningbo Eye Hospital, Minan Road 855, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liping Wong
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yanfen Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guodong Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianyi Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenxia Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liyuan Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
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Mendonca P, Horton A, Bauer D, Messeha S, Soliman KFA. The inhibitory effects of butein on cell proliferation and TNF-α-induced CCL2 release in racially different triple negative breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215269. [PMID: 31665136 PMCID: PMC6821048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is the leading cause of breast cancer-related mortality in women, and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype, affecting African American women more aggressively compared to Caucasians women. Of all cancer-related deaths, 15 to 20% are associated with inflammation, where proinflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the tumorigenesis process. The current study investigated the effects of the polyphenolic compound butein (2',3,4,4'-tetrahydroxychalcone) on cell proliferation and survival, as well as its modulatory effect on the release of proinflammatory cytokines in MDA-MB-231 (Caucasian) and MDA-MB-468 (African American) TNBC cell. The results obtained showed that butein decreased cell viability in a time and dose-dependent manner, and after 72-h of treatment, the cell proliferation rate was reduced in both cell lines. In addition, butein was found to have higher potency in MDA-MB-468, exhibiting anti-proliferative effects in lower concentrations. Apoptosis assays demonstrated that butein (50 μM) increased apoptotic cells in MDA MB-468, showing 60% of the analyzed cells in the apoptotic phase, compared to 20% in MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, butein downregulated both protein and mRNA expression of the proinflammatory cytokine, CCL2, and IKBKE in TNFα-activated Caucasian cells, but not in African Americans. This study demonstrates butein potential in cancer cell suppression showing a higher cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, and apoptotic effects in African Americans, compared to Caucasians TNBC cells. It also reveals the butein inhibitory effect on CCL2 expression with a possible association with IKBKE downregulation in MDA-MB-231 cells only, indicating that Caucasians and African Americans TNBC cells respond differently to butein treatment. The obtained findings may provide an explanation regarding the poor therapeutic response in African American patients with advanced TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Mendonca
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ainsley Horton
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - David Bauer
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Samia Messeha
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Gastric Cancer in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Blockade. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:1079710. [PMID: 31662748 PMCID: PMC6778883 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1079710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most important malignancies worldwide because of its high incidence and mortality. The very low survival rates are mainly related to late diagnosis and limited treatment options. GC is the final clinical outcome of a stepwise process that starts with a chronic and sustained inflammatory reaction mounted in response to Helicobacter pylori infection. The bacterium modulates innate and adaptive immunity presumably as part of the strategies to survive, which favors the creation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment that ultimately facilitates GC progression. T-cell exhaustion, which is characterized by elevated expression of immune checkpoint (IC) proteins, is one of the most salient manifestations of immunosuppressive microenvironments. It has been consistently demonstrated that the tumor-immune microenvironment(TIME)‐exhausted phenotype can be reverted by blocking ICs with monoclonal antibodies. Although these therapies are associated with long-lasting response rates, only a subset of patients derive clinical benefit, which varies according to tumor site. The search for biomarkers to predict the response to IC inhibition is a matter of intense investigation as this may contribute to maximize disease control, reduce side effects, and minimize cost. The approval of pembrolizumab for its use in GC has rocketed immuno-oncology research in this cancer type. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge centered around the immune contexture and recent findings in connection with IC inhibition in GC.
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Recent advances in the study of regulatory T cells in gastric cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 73:560-567. [PMID: 31181438 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), which features a complex pathogenesis and mechanism, remains refractory. FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), which have been implicated in the progression of gastric cancer, play an immunosuppressive role in the tumor microenvironment. However, the prognostic value of Treg infiltration is still controversial in GC patients. Recently, the association of Tregs with the clinicopathological characteristics of GC patients, the prognostic value of Tregs alone or its combination with other factors to GC patients, the role of Tregs in GC tumor microenvironment, clinical applications and Tregs-targeted therapies for GC patients have become hot issues. In this review, we are going to discuss these scientific researches which focused on these topics.
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Cui ZJ, Xie XL, Qi W, Yang YC, Bai Y, Han J, Ding Q, Jiang HQ. Cell-free miR-17-5p as a diagnostic biomarker for gastric cancer inhibits dendritic cell maturation. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:2661-2675. [PMID: 31040704 PMCID: PMC6462162 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s197682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Gastric cancer (GC) patients display aberrant miRNA expression and defective dendritic cell function. However, the role of cancer cell-derived oncomiR in GC detection and dendritic cell (DC) maturation remains largely elusive. Methods Candidate miRNAs were selected by deep sequencing (8 GC plasma samples vs 8 control plasma samples; 8 GC tissues vs 8 adjacent normal gastric tissues) and confirmed by PCR with 164 plasma samples and 72 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded GC tissue samples. Their diagnostic performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve. Cy3 fluorescence signals in DCs, exposed to conditioned medium obtained from BGC-823 cells pre-transfected with Cy3-miR-17-5p, were determined by flow cytometry and visualized by confocal microscopy. Functional and phenotypical alterations of DCs were assayed when DCs were transfected with miR-17-5p in vitro. Results Deep sequencing and RT-PCR confirmed that five shared miRNAs were upregulated in plasma and tissue samples of GC patients. Cell-free miR-17-5p was superior to others in GC detection with an area under the curve of 0.82, and correlated with lymphatic metastasis and poor overall survival. GC cell-shuttled miR-17-5p can be delivered to immature DCs, and they significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated phenotypic maturation by diminishing the expression of maturation markers (MHC II, CD80 and CD86 molecules). In line with those alterations in the phenotypic markers, functional experiments demonstrated that miR-17-5p triggered an inhibitory effect on DCs endocytic activity and decreased tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-12 secretion, while enhancing IL-10 production. Mixed lymphocyte reaction showed that miR-17-5p inhibited the T cell stimulating effect of DCs and favored regulatory T cells expansion. Conclusion GC cell-derived miR-17-5p is a potential biomarker for GC detection. Taken up by DCs, miR-17-5p weakened antitumor immune responses via inhibiting the maturation of dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jin Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China,
| | - Wei Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yi-Chao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China,
| | - Qian Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China,
| | - Hui-Qing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China,
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Roider J, Ngoepe A, Muenchhoff M, Adland E, Groll A, Ndung'u T, Kløverpris H, Goulder P, Leslie A. Increased Regulatory T-Cell Activity and Enhanced T-Cell Homeostatic Signaling in Slow Progressing HIV-infected Children. Front Immunol 2019; 10:213. [PMID: 30809229 PMCID: PMC6379343 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric slow progressors (PSP) are rare ART-naïve, HIV-infected children who maintain high CD4 T-cell counts and low immune activation despite persistently high viral loads. Using a well-defined cohort of PSP, we investigated the role of regulatory T-cells (TREG) and of IL-7 homeostatic signaling in maintaining normal-for-age CD4 counts in these individuals. Compared to children with progressive disease, PSP had greater absolute numbers of TREG, skewed toward functionally suppressive phenotypes. As with immune activation, overall T-cell proliferation was lower in PSP, but was uniquely higher in central memory TREG (CM TREG), indicating active engagement of this subset. Furthermore, PSP secreted higher levels of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 than children who progressed. The frequency of suppressive TREG, CM TREG proliferation, and IL-10 production were all lower in PSP who go on to progress at a later time-point, supporting the importance of an active TREG response in preventing disease progression. In addition, we find that IL-7 homeostatic signaling is enhanced in PSP, both through preserved surface IL-7receptor (CD127) expression on central memory T-cells and increased plasma levels of soluble IL-7receptor, which enhances the bioactivity of IL-7. Combined analysis, using a LASSO modeling approach, indicates that both TREG activity and homeostatic T-cell signaling make independent contributions to the preservation of CD4 T-cells in HIV-infected children. Together, these data demonstrate that maintenance of normal-for-age CD4 counts in PSP is an active process, which requires both suppression of immune activation through functional TREG, and enhanced T-cell homeostatic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Roider
- Africa Health Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medizinische Klinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Abigail Ngoepe
- Africa Health Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Maximilian Muenchhoff
- Department of Virology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Emily Adland
- Department of Paediatrics, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Groll
- Faculty of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- Africa Health Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Kløverpris
- Africa Health Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philip Goulder
- Department of Paediatrics, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Alasdair Leslie
- Africa Health Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Sun X, Xiang CJ, Wu J, Dong W, Zhan Z, Wang RP, Zhang JF. Relationship between serum inflammatory cytokines and lifestyle factors in gastric cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2019; 10:401-414. [PMID: 30847182 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2019.1804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with increased risk of gastric cancer (GC), and GC risk is significantly associated with lifestyle. The aim of the present study was to explore the association between serum inflammatory cytokines and lifestyle factors in GC. A total of 20 serum inflammatory cytokines were measured in a hospital-based case-control population with 142 GC patients and 98 healthy controls. Controls without the selected healthy lifestyle factors were regarded as baseline, and correlation analysis was conducted to establish the association between serum inflammatory cytokines and lifestyle factors. The results demonstrated that several lifestyle factors (including eating fried and salty foods, eating quickly, smoking and drinking) could increase the risk of GC, while only eating fresh fruits could decrease the risk of GC. Correlation analysis revealed that increased serum interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23P40 levels was associated with GC risk as significant differences were observed in all lifestyle factors. Increased serum IL-8 was closely associated with smoking in GC patients, while increased IL-17α and IL-8 levels were associated with GC patients who ate salty foods. Increased IL-10 and decreased TGF-β levels were also associated with GC patients who ate fresh fruits. In conclusion, GC risk was strongly affected by lifestyle factors, which may regulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines and promote gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Sun
- Department of Pathogen and Immunology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Jie Xiang
- Department of Pathogen and Immunology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Pathogen and Immunology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Pathogen and Immunology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhan
- Department of Pathogen and Immunology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Ping Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Feng Zhang
- Department of Pathogen and Immunology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
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CD8 + Foxp3 + T Cells Affect Alveolar Bone Homeostasis via Modulating Tregs/Th17 During Induced Periodontitis: an Adoptive Transfer Experiment. Inflammation 2019; 41:1791-1803. [PMID: 29951876 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0822-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a dysbiotic bacteria-mediated disease characterized by periodontal inflammations and alveolar bone damage. Its mechanisms were complicated, involving an inflammation-mediated bone destruction. We sought to determine roles and rules that CD8+ regulatory T cells (CD8+ Tregs) affect alveolar bone homeostasis during periodontitis. Presence of CD8+ Tregs in the gingiva, cervical lymph nodes (CLNs), and spleens of healthy or periodontitis animals was analyzed. CD8+ regulatory T cells from periodontitis animals were sorted by magnetic-activated cell sorting and fluorescent-activated cell sorting technique, subsequently injected into recipient animals to set adoptive transfer model. We induced experimental periodontitis on transfer models and equal number healthy animals. Four weeks later, their alveolar bone loss and osteoclast coverage length were measured. We also detected CD8+ Tregs, CD4+ T cell, CD4+ Tregs, Th17 cell, and IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, RANKL, TGF-β expression in the gingiva, CLNs, and spleen to illustrate possible working mechanism of CD8+ regulatory T cells. Periodontitis does not induce significant change on proportion or amount of CD8+ Tregs. Adoptive transfer of CD8+ Tregs reduces alveolar bone destruction and osteoclast formation. In addition, experimental periodontitis increases percentage of Th17 cells and decreases CD4+ Tregs in the gingiva and CLNs. More IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, and RANKL, and less IL-10 and TGF-β are also detected in the gingiva and CLNs from animals with periodontitis than the one from healthy animals. Adoptive transfer of CD8+ regulatory T cells remedies all above pathological change effectively. We did not find any significant difference in spleen, regardless group and detected items. Outcomes of present study clarify function that CD8+ regulatory T cells affect alveolar bone homeostasis, and disclose its possible working mechanisms. CD8+ regulatory T cells protect alveolar bone via reducing osteoclastogenesis and modulating local immune response.
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Wang B, Wang H, Li P, Wang L, Liu H, Liu J, Wang L. Relationships of interleukin-10 with the regulatory T cell ratio and prognosis of cervical cancer patients. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e679. [PMID: 30517305 PMCID: PMC6251251 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels, changes in peripheral blood CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell (PBCDT) ratios, and the prognosis of cervical cancer (CC) patients. METHODS Seventy patients with CC composed the observation group, and 70 healthy subjects composed the control group. The PBCDT ratios in the CC patients and healthy subjects were calculated. Serum IL-10 levels were detected with a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The PBCDT ratio was higher in the patients with active CC [12.16±2.41%] than in the control subjects [6.34±1.05%]. Serum IL-10 levels were higher in the patients with CC [384±106 pg/ml] than in the control subjects [104±50 pg/ml]; the differences in both PBCDT ratio and IL-10 level were statistically significant (p<0.01). Serum IL-10 levels were positively correlated with PBCDT ratios (r=0.375, p<0.05). The 5-year patient survival rate was significantly higher in the low serum IL-10 group (64.2%) than in the high serum IL-10 group (42.8%, p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS PBCDT ratios and serum IL-10 levels are related to CC activity. These factors are reciprocally related and influence one another, and both are involved in the development and progression of CC. Low IL-10 expression is beneficial regarding the survival of patients with CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- Department of gynecologic oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of orthopaedics, the Third People‘s Hospital of Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Peiquan Li
- Department of gynecologic oncology, Renji Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of gynecologic oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Department of gynecologic oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Department of gynecologic oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of gynecologic oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
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