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Ponti G, De Angelis C, Ponti R, Pongetti L, Losi L, Sticchi A, Tomasi A, Ozben T. Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer: from genes to molecular targeted therapies. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:640-650. [PMID: 37455374 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2234488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary familial tumors constitute 10-15% of all malignancies and present opportunities for the identification of therapeutic approaches against specific germline genetic defects. Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome, which is linked to the pathogenic mutations of the breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer 2 (BRCA2) genes, is an important research model for personalized therapeutic approaches for specific germline mutations. HBOC is characterized by multiple cases of breast and ovarian carcinoma in association with other tumors (prostate, pancreas and stomach carcinoma) within the same family branch, a young age of onset (<36 years), bilaterality and an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Counseling, evaluation of the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of HBOC, and the performance of genetic testing allow for the identification of subjects with BRCA1/2 mutations and provide crucial information for clinical and therapeutic management. The identification of a BRCA gene mutation has therapeutic implications for women with metastatic and non-metastatic breast cancer. In the therapeutic setting of BRCA+ breast cancer, treatment with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, which keep cancer cells from repairing their damaged DNA and cause cell death, is remarkable. This review summarizes the evidence demonstrating the value of BRCA1/2 status as a diagnostic and prognostic tool and as a predictive biomarker in the personalized approach to hereditary BRCA + cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ponti
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Carmine De Angelis
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Ponti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Linda Pongetti
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lorena Losi
- Department of Life Sciences, Unit of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alberto Sticchi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Aldo Tomasi
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tomris Ozben
- Specialist in Clinical Biochemistry Akdeniz University, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Antalya Turkey University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Modena, Italy
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Agiannitopoulos K, Potska K, Katseli A, Ntogka C, Tsaousis GN, Pepe G, Bouzarelou D, Tsoulos N, Papathanasiou A, Ziogas D, Venizelos V, Markopoulos C, Iosifidou R, Karageorgopoulou S, Giassas S, Natsiopoulos I, Papazisis K, Vasilaki-Antonatou M, Psyrri A, Koumarianou A, Matthaios D, Zairi E, Blidaru A, Banu E, Jinga DC, Laçin Ş, Özdoğan M, Papadopoulou E, Nasioulas G. Only 32.3% of Breast Cancer Families with Pathogenic Variants in Cancer Genes Utilized Cascade Genetic Testing. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5218. [PMID: 37958392 PMCID: PMC10649031 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes are responsible for approximately 5-10% of all diagnosed cancer cases. In order to identify individuals at risk in a cost-efficient manner, family members of individuals carrying pathogenic alterations are tested only for the specific variant that was identified in their carrier relative. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical use and implementation of cascade family testing (CFT) in families of breast cancer patients with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (PVs/LPVs) in cancer-related predisposition genes. METHODS Germline sequencing was carried out with NGS technology using a 52-gene panel, and cascade testing was performed by Sanger sequencing or MLPA. RESULTS In a cohort of 1785 breast cancer patients (families), 20.3% were found to have PVs/LPVs. Specifically, 52.2%, 25.1%, and 22.7% of patients had positive findings in high-, intermediate-, and low-penetrance breast cancer susceptibility genes, respectively. Although CFT was recommended to all families, only 117 families (32.3%) agreed to proceed with genetic testing. Among the first-degree relatives who underwent CFT, 70.3% were female, and 108 of 121 (89.3%) were cancer free. Additionally, 42.7%, 36.7%, and 20.6% were offspring, siblings, and parents of the subject, respectively. Our data suggest that CFT was mostly undertaken (104/117, 88.8%) in families with positive findings in high-risk genes. CONCLUSIONS Cascade family testing can be a powerful tool for primary cancer prevention by identifying at-risk family members. It is of utmost importance to implement genetic counseling approaches leading to increased awareness and communication of genetic testing results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Agiannitopoulos
- Genekor Medical S.A., 15344 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.K.); (C.N.); (G.N.T.); (G.P.); (D.B.); (N.T.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (G.N.)
| | - Kevisa Potska
- Genekor Medical S.A., 15344 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.K.); (C.N.); (G.N.T.); (G.P.); (D.B.); (N.T.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (G.N.)
| | - Anastasia Katseli
- Genekor Medical S.A., 15344 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.K.); (C.N.); (G.N.T.); (G.P.); (D.B.); (N.T.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (G.N.)
| | - Christina Ntogka
- Genekor Medical S.A., 15344 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.K.); (C.N.); (G.N.T.); (G.P.); (D.B.); (N.T.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (G.N.)
| | - Georgios N. Tsaousis
- Genekor Medical S.A., 15344 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.K.); (C.N.); (G.N.T.); (G.P.); (D.B.); (N.T.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (G.N.)
| | - Georgia Pepe
- Genekor Medical S.A., 15344 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.K.); (C.N.); (G.N.T.); (G.P.); (D.B.); (N.T.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (G.N.)
| | - Dimitra Bouzarelou
- Genekor Medical S.A., 15344 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.K.); (C.N.); (G.N.T.); (G.P.); (D.B.); (N.T.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (G.N.)
| | - Nikolaos Tsoulos
- Genekor Medical S.A., 15344 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.K.); (C.N.); (G.N.T.); (G.P.); (D.B.); (N.T.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (G.N.)
| | - Athanasios Papathanasiou
- Genekor Medical S.A., 15344 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.K.); (C.N.); (G.N.T.); (G.P.); (D.B.); (N.T.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (G.N.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stylianos Giassas
- IASO, General Maternity and Gynecology Clinic, 15123 Athens, Greece; (S.K.); (S.G.)
| | | | | | | | - Amanta Psyrri
- Section of Medical Oncology, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Anna Koumarianou
- Section of Medical Oncology, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (A.K.)
| | | | - Eleni Zairi
- St. Luke’s Hospital, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Alexandru Blidaru
- Alexandru Trestioreanu Bucharest Oncology Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Eugeniu Banu
- Saint Constantin Hospital, 500299 Brasov, Romania;
| | | | - Şahin Laçin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Koc University Faculty of Medicine, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Mustafa Özdoğan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Memorial Antalya Hospital, 07025 Antalya, Turkey;
| | - Eirini Papadopoulou
- Genekor Medical S.A., 15344 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.K.); (C.N.); (G.N.T.); (G.P.); (D.B.); (N.T.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (G.N.)
| | - George Nasioulas
- Genekor Medical S.A., 15344 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.K.); (C.N.); (G.N.T.); (G.P.); (D.B.); (N.T.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (G.N.)
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Bukłaho PA, Kiśluk J, Nikliński J. Diagnostics and treatment of ovarian cancer in the era of precision medicine - opportunities and challenges. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1227657. [PMID: 37746296 PMCID: PMC10516548 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1227657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to predictions of increasing incidences and deaths from ovarian cancer, this neoplasm is a challenge for modern health care. The advent of NGS technology has made it possible to understand the molecular characteristics of many cancers, including ovarian cancer. The data obtained in research became the basis for the development of molecularly targeted therapies thus leading to the entry of NGS analysis into the diagnostic process of oncological patients. This review presents targeted therapies currently in preclinical or clinical trials, whose promising results offer hope for their use in clinical practice in the future. As more therapeutic options emerge, it will be necessary to modify molecular diagnostic regimens to select the best treatment for a given patient. New biomarkers are needed to predict the success of planned therapy. An important aspect of public health is molecular testing in women with a familial predisposition to ovarian cancer enabling patients to be included in prevention programs. NGS technology, despite its high throughput, poses many challenges, from the quality of the diagnostic material used for testing to the interpretation of results and classification of sequence variants. The article highlights the role of molecular testing in ongoing research and also its role in the diagnostic and therapeutic process in the era of personalized medicine. The spread of genetic testing in high-risk groups, the introduction of more targeted therapies and also the possibility of agnostic therapies could significantly improve the health situation for many women worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Aleksandra Bukłaho
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Kiśluk
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Nikliński
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Huang Q, Mo J, Yang H, Ji Y, Huang R, Liu Y, Pan Y. Analysis of m7G-Related signatures in the tumour immune microenvironment and identification of clinical prognostic regulators in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:583. [PMID: 37353728 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a malignant tumour that seriously threatens women's life and health and exhibits high inter-individual heterogeneity, emphasising the need for more in-depth research on its pathogenesis. While internal 7-methylguanosine (m7G) modifications affect RNA processing and function and are believed to be involved in human diseases, little is currently known about the role of m7G modification in breast cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS We elucidated the expression, copy number variation incidence and prognostic value of 24 m7G-related genes (m7GRGs) in breast cancer. Subsequently, based on the expression of these 24 m7GRGs, consensus clustering was used to divide tumour samples from the TCGA-BRCA dataset into four subtypes based on significant differences in their immune cell infiltration and stromal scores. Differentially expressed genes between subtypes were mainly enriched in immune-related pathways such as 'Ribosome', 'TNF signalling pathway' and 'Salmonella infection'. Support vector machines and multivariate Cox regression analysis were applied based on these 24 m7GRGs, and four m7GRGs-AGO2, EIF4E3, DPCS and EIF4E-were identified for constructing the prediction model. An ROC curve indicated that a nomogram model based on the risk model and clinical factors had strong ability to predict the prognosis of breast cancer. The prognoses of patients in the high- and low-TMB groups were significantly different (p = 0.03). Moreover, the four-gene signature was able to predict the response to chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we identified four different subtypes of breast cancer with significant differences in the immune microenvironment and pathways. We elucidated prognostic biomarkers associated with breast cancer and constructed a prognostic model involving four m7GRGs. In addition, we predicted the candidate drugs related to breast cancer based on the prognosis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530000, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530000, P.R. China
| | - Jianlan Mo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Huawei Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530000, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530000, P.R. China
| | - Yinan Ji
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530000, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530000, P.R. China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530000, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530000, P.R. China.
- Department of BreastBone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530000, China.
| | - You Pan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530000, P.R. China.
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Siraj AK, Bu R, Parvathareddy SK, Iqbal K, Azam S, Qadri Z, Al-Rasheed M, Haqawi W, Diaz M, Victoria IG, Al-Badawi IA, Tulbah A, Al-Dayel F, Ajarim D, Al-Kuraya KS. PALB2 germline mutations in a large cohort of Middle Eastern breast-ovarian cancer patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7666. [PMID: 37169825 PMCID: PMC10175539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The PALB2 gene is a breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) predisposition gene involved in the homologous recombination repair pathway. However, the prevalence and clinicopathological association of PALB2 pathogenic/likely pathogenic (PV/LPV) variants in Middle East is still not fully explored. Total 918 BC/OC patients from Saudi Arabia were selected for PALB2 mutations screening using capture sequencing technology. Five heterozygous PVs or LPVs were identified in six cases, accounting for 0.65% (6/918) of entire cohort. Two cases (33.3%) harbored PVs and four cases (66.7%) carried LPVs. Four PVs/LPVs (80%) were frameshift along with one novel splicing LPV (c.2835-2_2835-1delinsTT). One recurrent LPV (c.3425delT: p.L1142fs) was identified in two cases. All six affected carriers have breast cancer diagnosis with median age of 39.5 years (range 34-49 years). Only two cases (33%) have documented family history of cancer. Breast cancer phenotype was invasive ductal unilateral cancer in all cases with 66.7% of hormone receptor positive and 16% of triple negative tumors. Germline PVs/LPVs in the PALB2 gene were observed in low frequency of 0.65% in Saudi BC and/or OC. Our study confirms one recurrent LPV and one novel LPV in Saudi breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul K Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rong Bu
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep Kumar Parvathareddy
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaleem Iqbal
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Azam
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeeshan Qadri
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Al-Rasheed
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Haqawi
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Diaz
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ingrid G Victoria
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail A Al-Badawi
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Tulbah
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dahish Ajarim
- Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
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An J, Yang J, Kwon H, Lim W, Kim YK, Moon BI. Prediction of breast cancer using blood microbiome and identification of foods for breast cancer prevention. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5110. [PMID: 36991044 PMCID: PMC10060235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of breast cancer (BC) is increasing in South Korea, and diet is closely related to the high prevalence of BC. The microbiome directly reflects eating habits. In this study, a diagnostic algorithm was developed by analyzing the microbiome patterns of BC. Blood samples were collected from 96 patients with BC and 192 healthy controls. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) were collected from each blood sample, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) of bacterial EVs was performed. Microbiome analysis of patients with BC and healthy controls identified significantly higher bacterial abundances using EVs in each group and confirmed the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Using this algorithm, animal experiments were performed to determine which foods affect EV composition. Compared to BC and healthy controls, statistically significant bacterial EVs were selected from both groups, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn with a sensitivity of 96.4%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 99.6% based on the machine learning method. This algorithm is expected to be applicable to medical practice, such as in health checkup centers. In addition, the results obtained from animal experiments are expected to select and apply foods that have a positive effect on patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongshin An
- Institute of Convergence Medicine Research, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Yang
- MD Healthcare, Room 1303, Woori Technology Inc. building, Sangam-dong, World Cup Buk-ro 56-gil, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Semyung University, 65 Semyung-ro, Jecheon, Chungcheongbuk-do, 27136, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Woosung Lim
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Keun Kim
- MD Healthcare, Room 1303, Woori Technology Inc. building, Sangam-dong, World Cup Buk-ro 56-gil, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-In Moon
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea.
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Zimovjanova M, Bielcikova Z, Miskovicova M, Vocka M, Zimovjanova A, Rybar M, Novotny J, Petruzelka L. Uptake and Effectiveness of Risk-Reducing Surgeries in Unaffected Female BRCA1 and BRCA2 Carriers: A Single Institution Experience in the Czech Republic. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041072. [PMID: 36831416 PMCID: PMC9954081 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Unnafected female carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (P/LPVs) are at higher risk of breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC). In the retrospective single-institution study in the Czech Republic, we analyzed the rate, longitudinal trends, and effectiveness of prophylactic risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) and risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) on the incidence of BC and OC in BRCA1/2 carriers diagnosed between years (y) 2000 to 2020. The study included 496 healthy female BRCA1/2 carriers. The median follow-up was 6.0 years. RRM was performed in 156 (31.5%, mean age 39.3 y, range 22-61 y) and RRSO in 234 (47.2%, mean age 43.2 y, range 28-64 y) BRCA1/2 carriers. A statistically significant increase of RRM (from 12% to 29%) and RRSO (from 31% to 42%) was observed when comparing periods 2005-2012 and 2013-2020 (p < 0.001). BC developed in 15.9% of BRCA1/2 carriers without RRM vs. 0.6% of BRCA1/2 carriers after RRM (HR 20.18, 95% CI 2.78- 146.02; p < 0.001). OC was diagnosed in 4.3% vs. 0% of BRCA1/2 carriers without vs. after RRSO (HR not defined due to 0% occurrence in the RRSO group, p < 0.001). Study results demonstrate a significant increase in the rate of prophylactic surgeries in BRCA1/2 healthy carriers after 2013 and the effectiveness of RRM and RRSO on the incidence of BC and OC in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zimovjanova
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, U Nemocnice 499/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-224-966-764
| | - Zuzana Bielcikova
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, U Nemocnice 499/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Miskovicova
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, U Nemocnice 499/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Oncology, Nitra Faculty Hospital, Špitálska 6, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Michal Vocka
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, U Nemocnice 499/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Zimovjanova
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 601 77, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC) of St Anne’s University Hospital (FNUSA), Pekařská 664/53, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Rybar
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University, náměstí Sítná 3105, 272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Novotny
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, U Nemocnice 499/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Surgery, Sunderby Hospital, Sjukhusvägen 10, 954 42 Sunderbyn, Sweden
| | - Lubos Petruzelka
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, U Nemocnice 499/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
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Chitra Veena S, Vajagathali M, Ramakrishnan V. A systematic review on the association between ovarian and prostate cancer with <I>BRCA1</I> and <I>BRCA2</I> gene. SIBERIAN JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 21:145-155. [DOI: 10.21294/1814-4861-2022-21-6-145-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Background. BRCA1 and BRCA2 were discussed as the basis of inherited adenocarcinoma and breast and ovarian malignancy. Ovarian cancer is uncommon in women below 40 years of age, and prostate cancer mainly occurs in older men cause 90 % in those above sixty-fve.Objective. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between ovarian and prostate cancer with the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes.Material and Methods. The ovarian and prostate cancer mechanism is discussed in detail, and their preventive measures with screening techniques are also demonstrated. This systematic review collected the related articles from online databases using the key terms ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, BRCA genes, mutation, polymorphism, carcinoma, sarcoma, and genetic association.Results. Based on the obtained information, it is found that the BRCA genes are highly associated with prostate cancer in men, and in women, it is significantly linked with breast cancer than ovarian cancer.Conclusion. Therefore, early diagnosis and genetic testing for BRCA1&BRCA2 genes in both men and women are necessary. In some cases, these genes might even cause different types of cancer like pancreatic cancers. Identifying individuals with tumour-HRD through mutations in the homologous repair pathway and determining this gene expression is essential to improve treatment techniques developed during the previous decade and rapidly make their way into clinical trials practice. However, the safe introduction of these medicines into everyday practice will require a thorough understanding of treatment targets and associated adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarpparajan Chitra Veena
- Human Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam
| | - Mohammed Vajagathali
- Human Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam
| | - Veerabathiran Ramakrishnan
- Human Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam
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Boaventura LF, Cima BP, Lindenau JDR. Quanto você Sabe sobre Câncer de Mama? Avaliação do Nível de Conhecimento da População Brasileira. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CANCEROLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.32635/2176-9745.rbc.2022v68n4.3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introdução: Apesar dos esforços de conscientização da população, permanecem altas a incidência e a mortalidade decorrente de câncer de mama em mulheres brasileiras. Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de conhecimento da população brasileira sobre os fatores de risco que levam ao desenvolvimento dessa doença. Método: Foi utilizado um questionário estruturado on-line, enviado de setembro a dezembro de 2021, por meio das redes sociais e e-mail. Os participantes foram divididos em subgrupos (escolaridade, área de formação profissional, gênero, contato com indivíduos afetados pela doença e faixas de idade), e o teste de qui-quadrado foi realizado para verificar diferenças significativas entre eles. Resultados: Analisando as 200 respostas válidas da amostra como um todo, a taxa de acertos foi alta, ficando acima dos 70%. Ao contrapor os subgrupos, foram identificados resultados significativos para as análises relativas a escolaridade (p=0,016), área de formação (p=0,004), gênero (p=0,045) e proximidade com a doença (p=0,004), em que foi observado que as menores taxas de acertos foram de pessoas com o nível de escolaridade mais baixa, que não fazem parte da área de saúde, do sexo masculino e que não tiveram contato com pessoas próximas portadoras da doença. Conclusão: Foi possível avaliar o conhecimento dos participantes sobre o tema, entretanto, as ações atuais tomadas por grupos de extensão e divulgação científica e instituições de combate ao câncer de mama são válidas para alguns subgrupos, mas precisam atingir com mais qualidade pessoas de menor escolaridade, pessoas que não possuem formação na área da saúde e pessoas do sexo masculino.
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Harriman JW, Espinel WF, Vagher J, Gammon A. BRCA1/2 Variants Identified Through Tumor Genomic Profiling: Assessing Genetic Counseling Outcomes. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 6:e2100375. [DOI: 10.1200/po.21.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE As tumor genomic profiling (TGP) is increasingly used to help guide cancer treatment, BRCA variants, which may or may not be reflective of the germline genome, are being identified. As TGP use increases, it is becoming an important tool for referral to genetic counseling and identifying patients with hereditary cancer syndromes such as hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. This study explores genetic counseling referral patterns and germline implications of patients found to have pathogenic BRCA1/2 variants identified through TGP. METHODS Participants include patients at Huntsman Cancer Institute undergoing TGP through a single commercial laboratory between March 2014 and July 2018. A retrospective chart review was conducted for 62 patients found to have pathogenic variants (PVs) in BRCA1/2 on TGP. Data on genetic counseling referrals and uptake, germline test results, family history, and patient demographics were collected. RESULTS In the study time frame, 1,899 patients underwent TGP. Testing identified 67 PVs in BRCA1 (23 variants) or BRCA2 (44 variants) in 62 patients. Thirty-five patients first received a referral to a genetic counselor following TGP with 33 patients completing genetic counseling. Of the 30 patients who pursued germline genetic testing following TGP, 11 were discovered to have a previously unknown germline BRCA PV. Nine of these patients were the first in their family diagnosed with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. CONCLUSION This study represents one institution's experience with genetic counseling referrals, uptake, and germline results following TGP. For some patients, TGP will be the first indicator of an underlying hereditary condition. Identifying patients with PVs (which may be germline) through TGP is an important new genetic counseling referral tool that can have important implications for the patient and their family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Whitney F. Espinel
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jennie Vagher
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Amanda Gammon
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
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Mutation Patterns in Portuguese Families with Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194717. [PMID: 36230639 PMCID: PMC9564125 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The pattern of Breast Cancer Genes 1 (BRCA1) and 2 (BRCA2) mutations in Hereditary Breast Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) families varies widely among different populations. About 30% of Portuguese HBOC can be associated with inherited cancer caused by BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. Three variants were identified (c.156_157insAlu in the BRCA2 gene and c.3331_3334del and c.2037delinsCC in the BRCA1 gene), accounting for about 50% of all Portuguese pathogenic mutations. Characterising the mutational spectrum in specific populations allows for a more efficient and cost-saving screening approach. Abstract Germline pathogenic variants in the Breast Cancer Genes 1 (BRCA1) and 2 (BRCA2) are responsible for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) syndrome. Genetic susceptibility to breast cancer accounts for 5–10% of all cases, phenotypically presenting with characteristics such as an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, earlier age of onset, bilateral tumours, male breast cancer, and ovarian tumours, among others. BRCA2 pathogenic variant is usually associated with other cancers such as melanoma, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. Many rearrangements of different mutations were found in both genes, with some ethnic groups having higher frequencies of specific mutations due to founder effects. Despite the heterogeneity of germline BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations in Portuguese breast or/and ovarian cancer families, the first described founder mutation in the BRCA2 gene (c.156_157insAlu) and two other variants in the BRCA1 gene (c.3331_3334del and c.2037delinsCC) contribute to about 50% of all pathogenic mutations. Furthermore, the families with the BRCA1 c.3331_3334del or the c.2037delinsCC mutations share a common haplotype, suggesting that these may also be founder mutations in the Portuguese population. Identifying specific and recurrent/founder mutations plays an important role in increasing the efficiency of genetic testing since it allows the use of more specific, cheaper and faster strategies to screen HBOC families. Therefore, this review aims to describe the mutational rearrangements of founder mutations and evaluate their impact on the genetic testing criteria for HBOC families of Portuguese ancestry.
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Boussios S, Rassy E, Moschetta M, Ghose A, Adeleke S, Sanchez E, Sheriff M, Chargari C, Pavlidis N. BRCA Mutations in Ovarian and Prostate Cancer: Bench to Bedside. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163888. [PMID: 36010882 PMCID: PMC9405840 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary DNA damage is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) —especially the high-grade serous subtype—harbors a defect in at least one DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. Defective DDR results from a variety of lesions affecting homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) for double strand breaks, base excision repair (BER), and nucleotide excision repair (NER) for single strand breaks and mismatch repair (MMR). Apart from the EOC, mutations in the DDR genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, are common in prostate cancer as well. Among them, BRCA2 lesions are found in 12% of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers, but very rarely in primary prostate cancer. Better understanding of the DDR pathways is essential in order to optimize the therapeutic choices, and has led to the design of biomarker-driven clinical trials. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are now a standard therapy for EOC patients, and more recently have been approved for the metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with alterations in DDR genes. They are particularly effective in tumours with HR deficiency. Abstract DNA damage repair (DDR) defects are common in different cancer types, and these alterations can be exploited therapeutically. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is among the tumours with the highest percentage of hereditary cases. BRCA1 and BRCA2 predisposing pathogenic variants (PVs) were the first to be associated with EOC, whereas additional genes comprising the homologous recombination (HR) pathway have been discovered with DNA sequencing technologies. The incidence of DDR alterations among patients with metastatic prostate cancer is much higher compared to those with localized disease. Genetic testing is playing an increasingly important role in the treatment of patients with ovarian and prostate cancer. The development of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors offers a therapeutic strategy for patients with EOC. One of the mechanisms of PARP inhibitors exploits the concept of synthetic lethality. Tumours with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations are highly sensitive to PARP inhibitors. Moreover, the synthetic lethal interaction may be exploited beyond germline BRCA mutations in the context of HR deficiency, and this is an area of ongoing research. PARP inhibitors are in advanced stages of development as a treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, there is a major concern regarding the need to identify reliable biomarkers predictive of treatment response. In this review, we explore the mechanisms of DDR, the potential for genomic analysis of ovarian and prostate cancer, and therapeutics of PARP inhibitors, along with predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- AELIA Organization, 9th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Elie Rassy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institut, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Michele Moschetta
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH 4033 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aruni Ghose
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barts Cancer Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, London KT1 2EE, UK
- Centre for Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sola Adeleke
- High Dimensional Neurology Group, UCL Queen’s Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Oncology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Elisabet Sanchez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK
| | - Matin Sheriff
- Department of Urology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK
| | - Cyrus Chargari
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institut, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Nicholas Pavlidis
- Medical School, University of Ioannina, Stavros Niarchou Avenue, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Nikolov I, Kostev K, Kalder M. Incidence of other cancer diagnoses in women with breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study with 42,248 women. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 195:75-82. [PMID: 35829934 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to determine whether women diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) have an increased incidence of other cancers, e.g., gastric cancer, lung cancer, skin cancer, and so on, compared to healthy women without a breast cancer diagnosis. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was based on data from the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA) and included adult women with an initial diagnosis of BC documented in one of 1,274 general practices in Germany between January 2000 and December 2018. Women with BC were matched to women without cancer by age, index year, yearly consultation frequency, and co-diagnoses. Univariate Cox regression models were used to study the association between BC and the incidence of other cancer diagnoses. RESULTS 21,124 women with BC and 21,124 women (mean age: 63 years) without cancer were included. Within 10 years of the index date, 14.3% of women with BC and 10.0% of women without cancer were diagnosed with cancer (p < 0.001). BC was significantly associated with the incidence of other cancer diagnoses (HR: 1.42, p < 0.001). The strongest association was observed for respiratory organ cancer (HR = 1.69, p < 0.001), followed by female genital organ cancer (HR = 1.61, p < 0.001) and cancer of lymphoid and hematopoietic tissue (HR: 1.59, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results of this study show that women with BC have an increased incidence of another cancer compared to women without cancer. Therefore, it is important to pay particular attention to the development of other malignancies during follow-up in patients with BC. This should be considered especially in patients with a proven genetic mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Nikolov
- Department of Gynecology, Herz Jesu Klinik, Fulda, Germany
| | - Karel Kostev
- Epidemiology, IQVIA, Unterschweinstiege 2-14, 60549, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Matthias Kalder
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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da Silva Fontinele DR, Assunção Ribeiro da Costa RE, da Silva Magalhães MK, Vieira SC. Genetic testing for hereditary predisposition to breast cancer in the real world: Initial experience. Breast Dis 2022; 41:249-254. [PMID: 35570472 DOI: 10.3233/bd-210082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Around 5%-10% of breast cancers are due to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. Genetic testing is important to identify these cases, enabling the adoption of specific risk-reducing treatment strategies. OBJECTIVE To analyze the performance of genetic testing and its implications in patients with indication of genetic testing to identify hereditary predisposition to breast cancer. METHODS This is a retrospective observational cross-sectional study, including 176 patients with clinical indication of genetic testing for pathogenic variants related to breast, ovarian and pancreatic cancers (among others), managed from 1999 to 2021 in an Oncology private clinic located in the city of Teresina (PI), Brazil. RESULTS There was a predominance of female patients (98.9%) and those with a family (91.0%) and personal history (64.2%) of cancer. In the study, 102 patients (57.9%) received genetic testing. BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants occurred in 26 cases (90%). Another three PALB2 and TP53 pathogenic variants were detected. Eleven pathogenic variant carriers (38%) underwent risk-reducing surgeries. CONCLUSIONS BRCA1/BRCA2 pathogenic variants occurred in around 25% of tested patients. Approximately 42.0% of the patients did not undergo genetic testing, despite clinical indication.
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Liu H, Chen C, Fehm T, Cheng Z, Neubauer H. Identifying Mitotic Kinesins as Potential Prognostic Biomarkers in Ovarian Cancer Using Bioinformatic Analyses. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020470. [PMID: 35204562 PMCID: PMC8871464 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is characterized by late-stage presentation, chemoresistance, and poor survival. Evaluating the prognosis of OC patients via effective biomarkers is essential to manage OC progression and to improve survival; however, it has been barely established. Here, we intend to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) as potential prognostic biomarkers of OC via bioinformatic analyses. Initially, a total of thirteen DEGs were extracted from different public databases as candidates. The expression of KIF20A, one of the DEGs, was correlated with a worse outcome of OC patients. The functional correlation of the DEGs with mitosis and the prognostic value of KIF20A imply a high correlation between mitotic kinesins (KIFs) and OC development. Finally, we found that KIF20A, together with the other nine mitotic KIFs (4A, 11, 14, 15, 18A, 18B, 23, C1, and2C) were upregulated and activated in OC tissues. Among the ten, seven overexpressed mitotic KIFs (11, 14, 18B, 20A, 23, and C1) were correlated with unfavorable clinical prognosis. Moreover, KIF20A and KIF23 overexpression was associated with worse prognosis in OC patients treated with platinum/taxol chemotherapy, while OCs overexpressing mitotic KIFs (11, 15, 18B, and C1) were resistant to MAPK pathway inhibitors. In conclusion, worse outcomes of OC patients were correlated with overexpression of several mitotic KIFs, which may serve both as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr, 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (H.L.); (C.C.); (T.F.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr, 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (H.L.); (C.C.); (T.F.)
- Breast and Thyroid Center, The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University), Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Tanja Fehm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr, 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (H.L.); (C.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Zhongping Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
- Institute of Gynecological Minimally Invasive Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (H.N.)
| | - Hans Neubauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr, 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (H.L.); (C.C.); (T.F.)
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (H.N.)
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Caffrey RG. Advocating for equitable management of hereditary cancer syndromes. J Genet Couns 2022; 31:584-589. [PMID: 35032082 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The potential for preventive medicine to lead to more equitable health outcomes exists with the inclusion of genetic testing in medicine. Because of the medical implications of genetic testing for hereditary cancer syndromes and the financial cost attached to recommended management, ensuring equitable access to cancer screening and prevention must be made a priority. For patients with Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) syndrome, the benefits of early detection and prevention are clear, significant, and create the opportunity to provide more equitable, personalized, preventive healthcare. Thus, for genetics providers who offer testing access for their patients, it is important to reflect on the ethical responsibility of advocating for access to appropriate management. Cancer genetic counselors can advocate for health equity by providing thorough pre-test genetic counseling, collaborating with other disciplines to coordinate care, lobbying state, and national representatives to pass legislation promoting health equity, and developing a management clinic that helps to ensure follow-up. Equitable access to and benefit from hereditary cancer risk management must be achieved in the pursuit of personalized preventive medicine.
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Management of Hereditary Breast Cancer: An Overview. Breast Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4546-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sethy C, Goutam K, Das B, Dash SR, Kundu CN. Nectin-4 promotes lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in breast cancer by regulating CXCR4-LYVE-1 axis. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 140:106865. [PMID: 33945869 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis promotes tumor progression by generating new lymphatic vessels that helps in tumor dissemination to regional lymph nodes and distant sites. Recently, the role of Nectin-4 in cancer metastasis and angiogenesis has been studied, but its role in lymphangiogenesis is unknown. Here, we systematically delineated the role of Nectin-4 in lymphangiogenesis and its regulation in invasive duct carcinoma (IDC). Nectin-4 expression positively correlated with occurrence risk factors associated with breast cancer (alcohol, smoke, lifestyle habit, etc), CXCR4 expression, and LYVE-1-lymphatic vessel density (LVD). LVD was significantly higher in axillary lymph node (ALN) than primary tumor. Depleting Nectin-4, VEGF-C or both attenuated the important lymphangiogenic marker LYVE-1 expression, tube formation, and migration of ALN derived primary cells. Nectin-4 stimulated the expressions of CXCR4 and CXCL12 under hypoxic conditions in ALN derived primary cells. Further, Nectin-4 augmented expressions of lymphatic metastatic markers (e.g. eNOS, TGF-β, CD-105) and MMPs. Induced expressions of Nectin-4 along with other representative metastatic markers were noted in lymph and blood circulating tumor cells (LCTCs and BCTCs) of local and distant metastatic samples. Thus, Nectin-4 displayed a predominant role in promoting tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis by modulating CXCR4/CXCL12-LYVE-1- axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayee Sethy
- Cancer Biology Division, KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Kunal Goutam
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Acharya Harihar Regional Cancer Centre, Cuttack, Odisha 753007, India
| | - Biswajit Das
- Cancer Biology Division, KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Somya Ranjan Dash
- Cancer Biology Division, KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- Cancer Biology Division, KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.
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Seed LM. Horizon Scanning in Cancer Genomics: How Advances in Genomic Medicine Will Change Cancer Care Over the Next Decade. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2021; 9:37-46. [PMID: 34306823 PMCID: PMC8280651 DOI: 10.1007/s40142-021-00200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Advances in genomic medicine have the potential to revolutionise cancer patient care by driving forwards the clinical practice of precision oncology. This review aims to outline how genomic medicine advances may alter the care of cancer patients and their families over the next 10 years. RECENT FINDINGS The translation of oncogenomic advances into the clinical environment will likely be facilitated by the increasing availability of next-generation sequencing technologies and the increasing genomic literacy of healthcare professionals. The implementation of the centralised, nationwide NHS Genomic Medicine Service promises to improve equity of cancer care and to facilitate personalisation of almost every stage of the care pathway, from informing population screening and how we diagnose cancer to delivering prognoses and surveillance. Advances in cancer pharmacogenomics, and other "omics" technologies, have a tremendous potential to optimise patient care. Genomic medicine advances will also enhance the care offered to cancer patients' families. SUMMARY Genomic medicine advances are likely to transform almost every aspect of a cancer patient's care pathway. Cancer care will profoundly improve over the next decade, increasing UK cancer survival rates and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia M. Seed
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0SP UK
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Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Epidemiology and Risk Factors. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030562. [PMID: 33804776 PMCID: PMC8003883 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of new cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is increasing with a cumulative total of 495,773 cases worldwide, making it the fourteenth most common malignancy. However, it accounts for 466,003 deaths per year and is the seventh leading cause of cancer deaths. Regional differences in the number of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma appear to reflect differences in medical care, as well as racial differences. Compared to the prevalence of other organ cancers in Japan, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ranks seventh based on the number of patients, eighth based on morbidity, and fourth based on the number of deaths, with a continuing increase in the mortality rate. Risk factors for developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma include family history, genetic disorders, diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. An issue that hinders improvement in the prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the development of a strategy to identify patients with these risk factors to facilitate detection of the disease at a stage when intervention will improve survival.
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Xu Z, Wang Y, Wang L, Cui F, Zhang L, Xiong J, Peng H. Characteristics of BRCA1/2 pathogenic germline mutations in chinese NSCLC patients and a comparison with HBOC. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2021; 19:16. [PMID: 33563323 PMCID: PMC7871612 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-021-00174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purposes The pathogenic BRCA1/2 germline mutations contributed to Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) susceptibility. The features of BRCA1/2 germline mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not been systematically studied. Here we performed the first study investigating the characteristics of pathogenic BRCA1/2 germline mutations in Chinese NSCLC patients and compared them with those from Chinese HBOC. Methods Information on BRCA1/2 germline mutations from 9010 Chinese NSCLC patients were collected from available studies and analyzed, and compared with the BRCA1/2 germline mutations from Chinese HBOC BRCA1/2 database (LOVD database, 20,523 patients). Results 19 (20 carriers, 0.22 %) pathogenic BRCA1 and 60 (66 carriers, 0.73 %) pathogenic BRCA2 germline mutations from NSCLC were identified. The carrier frequency of BRCA1/2 in Chinese NSCLC patients (86/9010 = 0.95 %) was significantly lower than that in Chinese breast and ovary cancer patients (1481/20,523 = 7.2 %) (P < 0.001). We found that frameshift and nonsense mutations were the predominant types of BRCA1/2 mutation in NSCLC, with no obvious hot spot mutations. No significant difference in the ratio of frameshift and nonsense mutations was found between BRCA1 and BRCA2 in NSCLC. 5 out of 19 mutations in BRCA1 and 23 out of 60 mutations in BRCA2 were novel mutations found in NSCLC that have never been reported in Chinese HBOC. A trend of higher percentage of BRCA1 nonsense mutations in the carriers was revealed in NSCLC compared with HBOC, while no such difference was found in BRCA2 in all types of mutations. Conclusions BRCA1/2 germline mutations from NSCLC exhibited distinct characteristics compared with those from HBOC in Chinese population, including lower carrier frequency than HBOC, higher ratio of nonsense mutations and carriers than HBOC, and novel BRCA1/2 germline mutations never found in HBOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyuan Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157 Jinbi Road, 650032, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157 Jinbi Road, 650032, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157 Jinbi Road, 650032, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fengxian Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157 Jinbi Road, 650032, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157 Jinbi Road, 650032, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157 Jinbi Road, 650032, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157 Jinbi Road, 650032, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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22
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Zheng Q, Ying Q, Ren Z, Zhang Q, Lu D, Wang H, Wei W. First-degree family history of prostate cancer is associated the risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e23816. [PMID: 33530178 PMCID: PMC10545021 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The evidence for associations between family history of prostate cancer and the risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer is inconclusive. The first systematic review and meta-analysis of studies was conducted to assess the risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer associated with a family history of prostate cancer.A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase and Web of science databases up to January 31, 2019. Data were screened and extracted independently by 2 reviewers. The pooled risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random-effects models. The GRADE approach was used to assess the quality of evidence.Nine observational studies including 8,011,625 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that family history of prostate cancer in first-degree relatives was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (RR 1.12, 95%CI 1.09 to 1.14) with moderate quality evidence, subgroup analysis showed consistent results. Compared with no family history of prostate cancer, history of prostate cancer in first-degree relatives was associated with a slight risk of ovarian cancer (1.10, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.20) with moderate quality evidence. Family history of prostate cancer among sibling was associated with a 17% increased risk of ovarian cancer (95% CI 1.03 to 1.34), however, no significant association was found between family history of prostate cancer among parent and risk of ovarian cancer (RR 1.19, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.70).This review demonstrates that women with a family history of prostate cancer in first-degree relatives was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer. These findings may aid in screening, earlier detection and treatment of women with a family history of prostate cancer in first-degree relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- QiongFei Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Qianjiang Central Hospital of, Chongqing, Qianjiang
| | - Qinli Ying
- Department of Rehabilitation, Qianjiang Central Hospital of, Chongqing, Qianjiang
| | - ZhengJu Ren
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing
| | - DongLiang Lu
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen
| | - HongBai Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Qianjiang Central Hospital of, Chongqing, Qianjiang
| | - WuRan Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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23
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Bars-Cortina D, Sakhawat A, Piñol-Felis C, Motilva MJ. Chemopreventive effects of anthocyanins on colorectal and breast cancer: A review. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 81:241-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Fujisawa K, Ito T, Aoyama S, Kiuchi T, Araki J, Nakao J, Nakagawa M. Thorax anthropometric position index: a simple evaluation of the inframammary fold position in the thorax. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2020; 55:21-24. [PMID: 33016798 DOI: 10.1080/2000656x.2020.1828896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate positioning of the inframammary fold (IMF) is essential for breast reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively measure and evaluate the anthropometric position of the IMF in the thorax. A total of 145 Japanese women with unilateral breast cancer were analyzed. To indicate the superior-inferior position of the IMF on the non-diseased side, the distances from the sternal notch (SN) to the IMF along the midline (SN-IMFM) and from the SN to the umbilicus (UB) (SN-UB) were measured. A new index, the thorax anthropometric position (TAP) index for the IMF, was then defined as the ratio of SN-IMFM to SN-UB. The TAP index was calculated for each patient, and its correlations with demographic parameters, including age, body height, and body mass index, were statistically assessed. The TAP index was normally distributed and ranged from 0.500 to 0.704, with a mean of 0.590. Multivariate analysis revealed that age was an independent factor associated with a higher TAP index (p < .01). In addition, the paired t-test showed that the TAP index was significantly greater in the standing position than in the supine position (p < .001). The position of the IMF in the thorax could be objectively described by the TAP index, and it was suggested to become inferior with age and the standing position. The index, along with these findings, will provide useful information for the evaluation of the breast contour in an objective and simple manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kou Fujisawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ito
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shohei Aoyama
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kiuchi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Araki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Junichi Nakao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakagawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
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25
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High frequency of BRCA recurrent mutations in a consecutive series of unselected ovarian cancer patients. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/rrlm-2020-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Hereditary predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) is diagnosed by molecular analysis of deleterious mutations in BRCA genes, allowing oncogenetic follow-up of patients and of their families. BRCA testing addresses only to HBOC families, using restrictive inclusion criteria based on familial history of cancer and age at diagnosis. Sporadic ovarian cancer has high incidence and mortality in Romania, with low median age of diagnosis and possibly a higher magnitude of hereditary contribution comparing to othe populations. However, sporadic ovarian cancers do not qualify for BRCA testing according to inclusion criteria, and a complete BRCA screening of all cancers is neither feasible nor recommended. Despite the large diversity of BRCA mutations worldwide, some recurrent mutations have higher frequencies in diverse populations. Precisely screening for recurrent mutations in a target population allows to rapidly identifying mutation carriers without sequencing the entire BRCA genes. In Romanian population and neighboring countries, several recurrent mutations have already been described. In a consecutive series of 50 sporadic ovarian cancer patients, not qualifying for BRCA complete testing, we screened for 9 most common BRCA mutations, by multiplex-PCR, RFLP and targeted Sanger sequencing. Our results revealed 6 different BRCA mutations in 8 unrelated patients, with a frequency of 16%, much higher than expected. We further recommend screening for the identified mutations in larger series of cancer patients. The results are highly beneficial to cancer patients, healthy relatives, and overall, considering prevention in cancer a priority, to public health system and future of oncogenetics in Romania
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26
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Wang T, Townsend MK, Simmons V, Terry KL, Matulonis UA, Tworoger SS. Prediagnosis and postdiagnosis smoking and survival following diagnosis with ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 147:736-746. [PMID: 31693173 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the influence of prediagnosis and postdiagnosis smoking and smoking cessation on ovarian cancer survival. We investigated this relationship in two prospective cohort studies, the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII. Analyses included 1,279 women with confirmed invasive, Stage I-III epithelial ovarian cancer. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for ovarian cancer-specific mortality by smoking status, adjusting for age and year of diagnosis, tumor stage, histologic subtype, body mass index and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory use (postdiagnosis models only). When examining prediagnosis smoking status (assessed a median of 12 months before diagnosis), risk of death was significantly increased for former smokers (HR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.02-1.39), and suggestively for current smokers (HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.96-1.51) vs. never smokers. Longer smoking duration (≥20 years vs. never, HR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.05-1.45) and higher pack-years (≥20 pack-years vs. never, HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.07-1.52) were also associated with worse outcome. With respect to postdiagnosis exposure, women who smoked ≥15 cigarettes per day after diagnosis (assessed a median of 11 months after diagnosis) had increased mortality compared to never smokers (HR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.63-3.37). Those who continued smoking after diagnosis had 40% higher mortality (HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.05-1.87) compared to never smokers. Overall, our results suggest both prediagnosis and postdiagnosis smoking are associated with worse ovarian cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Mary K Townsend
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Vani Simmons
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Ursula A Matulonis
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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27
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Breast reconstruction after risk-reducing mastectomy in BRCA mutation carriers. Breast Cancer 2019; 27:70-76. [PMID: 31292927 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-019-00995-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast reconstruction is a favorable option for women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations (BRCA1/2Mut+) who undergo risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM). We assessed characteristics of patients who underwent RRM, with or without breast reconstruction. METHODS We included 46 patients with BRCA1/2Mut+ who underwent RRM from July 2011 to December 2017. RESULTS Among the 46 patients who underwent RRM, 3 had not been diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) and 43 had cancer in a single breast; 33 patients (71.7%) underwent breast reconstruction with RRM; and 13 patients (28.3%) did not undergo breast reconstruction. All of 3 patients who had not been diagnosed with BC underwent bilateral RRM with breast reconstruction. There was no significant difference of clinical characteristic between patients undergoing RRM with and without breast reconstruction. However, patients who decided to undergo RRM with the current diagnosis of BC had significantly higher rates of RRM with breast reconstruction than that of patients with a past history of BC (P = 0.043). The rate of nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) in patients with breast reconstruction was significantly higher (28 of the 37 breasts, 75.7%) than that in patients without reconstruction (3 of the 14 breasts, 21.4%) (P < 0.001). Two patients who had complications underwent RRM with breast reconstruction, and one of them had a history of irradiation after lumpectomy. CONCLUSIONS For BRCA1/2Mut+ patients, the decision of taking RRM with the diagnosis of current BC might affect whether they undergo immediate breast reconstruction with RRM. These patients who undergo RRM with breast reconstruction preferred NSM to skin-sparing mastectomies.
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28
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Ohmoto A, Yachida S, Morizane C. Genomic Features and Clinical Management of Patients with Hereditary Pancreatic Cancer Syndromes and Familial Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E561. [PMID: 30699894 PMCID: PMC6387417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most devastating malignancies; it has a 5-year survival rate of only 9%, and novel treatment strategies are urgently needed. While most PC cases occur sporadically, PC associated with hereditary syndromes or familial PC (FPC; defined as an individual having two or more first-degree relatives diagnosed with PC) accounts for about 10% of cases. Hereditary cancer syndromes associated with increased risk for PC include Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, hereditary pancreatitis, familial atypical multiple mole melanoma, familial adenomatous polyposis, Lynch syndrome and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. Next-generation sequencing of FPC patients has uncovered new susceptibility genes such as PALB2 and ATM, which participate in homologous recombination repair, and further investigations are in progress. Previous studies have demonstrated that some sporadic cases that do not fulfil FPC criteria also harbor similar mutations, and so genomic testing based on family history might overlook some susceptibility gene carriers. There are no established screening procedures for high-risk unaffected cases, and it is not clear whether surveillance programs would have clinical benefits. In terms of treatment, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors for BRCA-mutated cases or immune checkpoint inhibitors for mismatch repair deficient cases are promising, and clinical trials of these agents are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ohmoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 1040045, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Yachida
- Laboratory of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 1040045, Japan.
- Department of Cancer Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine/Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
| | - Chigusa Morizane
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 1040045, Japan.
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Yamamoto H, Yatabe Y, Toyooka S. Inherited lung cancer syndromes targeting never smokers. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2018; 7:498-504. [PMID: 30225213 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2018.06.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Most of lung cancers develop sporadically and thus inherited lung cancers are rare. Several reports show that germline mutations in the kinase domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) such as R776G, R776H, T790M, V843I and P848L, predispose to develop lung cancer. Most lung cancer cases with germline EGFR T790M mutations had secondary EGFR somatic mutations. Never smokers with germline EGFR T790M mutations develop lung cancer more frequently than ever smokers. In addition, germline EGFR T790M mutations favored female gender. Therefore, germline EGFR T790M mutations result in a unique inherited lung cancer syndrome targeting never smokers. The authors previously reported a Japanese familial lung cancer pedigree with germline mutations in the transmembrane domain of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The female proband and her mother in this pedigree, who were light or never smokers, developed multiple lung adenocarcinomas, and had germline HER2 G660D mutations. They had no EGFR somatic mutations or other genes known to cause lung cancers. Although we know only one pedigree with germline HER2 mutations, these mutations may also cause inherited lung cancers targeting female never smokers. Based on our in vitro analyses, we administered HER2 inhibitor afatinib to the proband and achieved partial response. These lung cancers arising from germline mutations of receptor tyrosine kinases such as EGFR and HER2 may have different features from those with sporadic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Yamamoto
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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