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Grellier M, Moreau C, Beaugrand J, Grisel S, Berrin JG, Cathala B, Villares A. Action of AA9 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase enzymes on different cellulose allomorphs. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133429. [PMID: 38944074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO)-catalyzed oxidative processes play a major role in natural biomass conversion. Despite their oxidative cleavage at the surface of polysaccharides, understanding of their mode of action, and the impact of structural patterns of the cellulose fiber on LPMO activity is still not fully understood. In this work, we investigated the action of two different LPMOs from Podospora anserina on celluloses showing different structural patterns. For this purpose, we prepared cellulose II and cellulose III allomorphs from cellulose I cotton linters, as well as amorphous cellulose. LPMO action was monitored in terms of surface morphology, molar mass changes and monosaccharide profile. Both PaLPMO9E and PaLPMO9H were active on the different cellulose allomorphs (I, II and III), and on amorphous cellulose (PASC) whereas they displayed a different behavior, with a higher molar mass decrease observed for cellulose I. Overall, the pretreatment with LPMO enzymes clearly increased the accessibility of all types of cellulose, which was quantified by the higher carboxylate content after carboxymethylation reaction on LPMO-pretreated celluloses. This work gives more insight into the action of LPMOs as a tool for deconstructing lignocellulosic biomass to obtain new bio-based building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sacha Grisel
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ., UMR BBF, F-13009 Marseille, France; INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ., 3PE Platform, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Guy Berrin
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ., UMR BBF, F-13009 Marseille, France; INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ., 3PE Platform, F-13009 Marseille, France
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2
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Sime AM, Kifle BA, Woldesemayat AA, Gemeda MT. Microbial carbohydrate active enzyme (CAZyme) genes and diversity from Menagesha Suba natural forest soils of Ethiopia as revealed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:285. [PMID: 39090559 PMCID: PMC11293184 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global over-reliance on non-renewable fossil fuels has led to the emission of greenhouse gases, creating a critical global environmental challenge. There is an urgent need for alternative solutions like biofuels. Advanced biofuel is a renewable sustainable energy generated from lignocellulosic plant materials, which can significantly contribute to mitigating CO2 emissions. Microbial Carbohydrate Active Enzymes (CAZymes) are the most crucial enzymes for the generation of sustainable biofuel energy. The present study designed shotgun metagenomics approaches to assemble, predict, and annotate, aiming to gain an insight into the taxonomic diversity, annotate CAZymes, and identify carbohydrate hydrolyzing CAZymes from microbiomes in Menagesha suba forest soil for the first time. RESULTS The microbial diversity based on small subunit (SSU) rRNA analysis revealed the dominance of the bacterial domain representing 81.82% and 92.31% in the studied samples. Furthermore, the phylum composition result indicated the dominance of the phyla Proteobacteria (23.08%, 27.27%), Actinobacteria (11.36%, 20.51%), and Acidobacteria (10.26%, 15.91%). The study also identified unassigned bacteria which might have a unique potential for biopolymer hydrolysis. The metagenomic study revealed that 100,244 and 65,356 genes were predicted from the two distinct samples. A total number of 1806 CAZyme genes were identified, among annotated CAZymes, 758 had a known enzyme assigned to CAZymes. Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) CAZyme family contained most of the CAZyme genes with known enzymes such as β-glucosidase, endo-β-1,4-mannanase, exo-β-1,4-glucanase, α-L-arabinofuranosidase and oligoxyloglucan reducing end-specific cellobiohydrolase. On the other hand, 1048 of the identified CAZyme genes were putative CAZyme genes with unknown enzymatical activity and the majority of which belong to the GHs family. CONCLUSIONS In general, the identified putative CAZymes genes open up an opportunity for the discovery of new enzymes responsible for hydrolyzing biopolymers utilized for biofuel energy generation. This finding is used as a first-hand piece of evidence to serve as a benchmark for further and comprehensive studies to unveil novel classes of bio-economically valuable genes and their encoded products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amsale Melkamu Sime
- Biotechnology Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Sciences and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bezayit Amare Kifle
- Biotechnology Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Sciences and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Adugna Abdi Woldesemayat
- Biotechnology Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Sciences and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Biotechnology and Bioprocess Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Tafesse Gemeda
- Biotechnology Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Sciences and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Biotechnology and Bioprocess Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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3
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Grossmann L. Sustainable media feedstocks for cellular agriculture. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 73:108367. [PMID: 38679340 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The global food system is shifting towards cellular agriculture, a second domestication marked by cultivating microorganisms and tissues for sustainable food production. This involves tissue engineering, precision fermentation, and microbial biomass fermentation to establish food value chains independent of traditional agriculture. However, these techniques rely on growth media sourced from agricultural, chemical (fossil fuels), and mining supply chains, raising concerns about land use competition, emissions, and resource depletion. Fermentable sugars, nitrogen, and phosphates are key ingredients derived from starch crops, energy-intensive fossil fuel based processes, and finite phosphorus resources, respectively. This review explores sustainable alternatives to reduce land use and emissions associated with cellular agriculture media ingredients. Sustainable alternatives to first generation sugars (lignocellulosic substrates, sidestreams, and gaseous feedstocks), sustainable nitrogen sources (sidestreams, green ammonia, biological nitrogen fixation), and efficient use of phosphates are reviewed. Especially cellulosic sugars, gaseous chemoautotrophic feedstocks, green ammonia, and phosphate recycling are the most promising technologies but economic constraints hinder large-scale adoption, necessitating more efficient processes and cost reduction. Collaborative efforts are vital for a biotechnological future grounded in sustainable feedstocks, mitigating competition with agricultural land and emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Grossmann
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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4
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de Assis MA, da Silva JJB, de Carvalho LM, Parreiras LS, Cairo JPLF, Marone MP, Gonçalves TA, Silva DS, Dantzger M, de Figueiredo FL, Carazzolle MF, Pereira GAG, Damasio A. A Multiomics Perspective on Plant Cell Wall-Degrading Enzyme Production: Insights from the Unexploited Fungus Trichoderma erinaceum. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:407. [PMID: 38921393 PMCID: PMC11205114 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma erinaceum is a filamentous fungus that was isolated from decaying sugarcane straw at a Brazilian ethanol biorefinery. This fungus shows potential as a source of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs). In this study, we conducted a comprehensive multiomics investigation of T. erinaceum to gain insights into its enzymatic capabilities and genetic makeup. Firstly, we performed genome sequencing and assembly, which resulted in the identification of 10,942 genes in the T. erinaceum genome. We then conducted transcriptomics and secretome analyses to map the gene expression patterns and identify the enzymes produced by T. erinaceum in the presence of different substrates such as glucose, microcrystalline cellulose, pretreated sugarcane straw, and pretreated energy cane bagasse. Our analyses revealed that T. erinaceum highly expresses genes directly related to lignocellulose degradation when grown on pretreated energy cane and sugarcane substrates. Furthermore, our secretome analysis identified 35 carbohydrate-active enzymes, primarily PCWDEs. To further explore the enzymatic capabilities of T. erinaceum, we selected a β-glucosidase from the secretome data for recombinant production in a fungal strain. The recombinant enzyme demonstrated superior performance in degrading cellobiose and laminaribiose compared to a well-known enzyme derived from Trichoderma reesei. Overall, this comprehensive study provides valuable insights into both the genetic patterns of T. erinaceum and its potential for lignocellulose degradation and enzyme production. The obtained genomic data can serve as an important resource for future genetic engineering efforts aimed at optimizing enzyme production from this fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. de Assis
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Molecular Biology (LEBIMO), Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.A.d.A.); (J.P.L.F.C.); (T.A.G.); (F.L.d.F.)
| | - Jovanderson J. B. da Silva
- Genomics and BioEnergy Laboratory (LGE), Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil; (J.J.B.d.S.); (L.M.d.C.); (L.S.P.); (M.D.); (M.F.C.); (G.A.G.P.)
| | - Lucas M. de Carvalho
- Genomics and BioEnergy Laboratory (LGE), Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil; (J.J.B.d.S.); (L.M.d.C.); (L.S.P.); (M.D.); (M.F.C.); (G.A.G.P.)
| | - Lucas S. Parreiras
- Genomics and BioEnergy Laboratory (LGE), Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil; (J.J.B.d.S.); (L.M.d.C.); (L.S.P.); (M.D.); (M.F.C.); (G.A.G.P.)
| | - João Paulo L. F. Cairo
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Molecular Biology (LEBIMO), Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.A.d.A.); (J.P.L.F.C.); (T.A.G.); (F.L.d.F.)
- York Structural Biology Laboratory (YSBL), Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Marina P. Marone
- Genomics and BioEnergy Laboratory (LGE), Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil; (J.J.B.d.S.); (L.M.d.C.); (L.S.P.); (M.D.); (M.F.C.); (G.A.G.P.)
| | - Thiago A. Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Molecular Biology (LEBIMO), Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.A.d.A.); (J.P.L.F.C.); (T.A.G.); (F.L.d.F.)
| | - Desireé S. Silva
- SENAI Institute for Biomass Innovation, Três Lagoas 79640-250, Brazil;
| | - Miriam Dantzger
- Genomics and BioEnergy Laboratory (LGE), Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil; (J.J.B.d.S.); (L.M.d.C.); (L.S.P.); (M.D.); (M.F.C.); (G.A.G.P.)
| | - Fernanda L. de Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Molecular Biology (LEBIMO), Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.A.d.A.); (J.P.L.F.C.); (T.A.G.); (F.L.d.F.)
| | - Marcelo F. Carazzolle
- Genomics and BioEnergy Laboratory (LGE), Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil; (J.J.B.d.S.); (L.M.d.C.); (L.S.P.); (M.D.); (M.F.C.); (G.A.G.P.)
| | - Gonçalo A. G. Pereira
- Genomics and BioEnergy Laboratory (LGE), Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil; (J.J.B.d.S.); (L.M.d.C.); (L.S.P.); (M.D.); (M.F.C.); (G.A.G.P.)
| | - André Damasio
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Molecular Biology (LEBIMO), Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.A.d.A.); (J.P.L.F.C.); (T.A.G.); (F.L.d.F.)
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Tong L, Li Y, Lou X, Wang B, Jin C, Fang W. Powerful cell wall biomass degradation enzymatic system from saprotrophic Aspergillus fumigatus. Cell Surf 2024; 11:100126. [PMID: 38827922 PMCID: PMC11143905 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2024.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell wall biomass, Earth's most abundant natural resource, holds significant potential for sustainable biofuel production. Composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin, and other polymers, the plant cell wall provides essential structural support to diverse organisms in nature. In contrast, non-plant species like insects, crustaceans, and fungi rely on chitin as their primary structural polysaccharide. The saprophytic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus has been widely recognized for its adaptability to various environmental conditions. It achieves this by secreting different cell wall biomass degradation enzymes to obtain essential nutrients. This review compiles a comprehensive collection of cell wall degradation enzymes derived from A. fumigatus, including cellulases, hemicellulases, various chitin degradation enzymes, and other polymer degradation enzymes. Notably, these enzymes exhibit biochemical characteristics such as temperature tolerance or acid adaptability, indicating their potential applications across a spectrum of industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lige Tong
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yunaying Li
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Innovation Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xinke Lou
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Innovation Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Bin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxia Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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6
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Hemida MH, Moustafa H, Mehanny S, Morsy M, Abd El Rahman EN, Ibrahim MM. Valorization of Eichhornia crassipes for the production of cellulose nanocrystals further investigation of plethoric biobased resource. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12387. [PMID: 38811644 PMCID: PMC11136955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemical processing is among the significant keys to tackle agro-residues utilization field, aiming to obtain value-added materials. Extraction of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is an emerging route to valorize lignocellulosic wastes into high value particles. In this investigation, effect of acidic hydrolysis duration was monitored on size and morphology of obtained crystals; namely: CNCs from Nile roses fibers (NRFs) (Eichhornia crassipes). Different acidic hydrolysis duration range or different characterization techniques set this article apart from relevant literature, including our group research articles. The grinded NRFs were firstly subjected to alkaline and bleaching pretreatments, then acid hydrolysis process was carried out with varied durations ranging from 5 to 30 min. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was used as reference for comparison with NRFs based samples. The extracted CNCs samples were investigated using various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. The figures gotten from SEM and AFM depicted that NRFs based CNCs appeared as fibril-like shapes, with reduced average size when the NRFs underwent pulping and bleaching processes. This was indicated that the elimination of hemicellulose and lignin components got achieved successfully. This outcome was proven by chemical composition measurements and TGA/DTG curves. On the other hand, AFM-3D images indicated that CNCs topology and surface roughness were mostly affected by increasing hydrolysis durations, besides smooth and homogeneous surfaces were noticed. Moreover, Raman spectra demonstrated that the particle size and crystallinity degree of NRFs based CNCs can be affected by acidic hydrolysis durations and optimum extraction time was found to be 10 min. Thermal stability of extracted CNCs-NRFs and CNCs-MCC was measured by TGA/DTG and the kinetic models were suggested to identify the kinetic parameters of the thermal decomposition of CNCs for each acid hydrolysis duration. Increasing hydrolysis duration promoted thermal stability, particularly for NRFs based CNCs. Results showcased in this article add new perspective to Nile rose nanocellulose and pave down the way to fabricate NRFs based humidity nano-sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Hemida
- Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hesham Moustafa
- Department of Polymer Metrology & Technology, National Institute of Standards (NIS), Tersa Street, El Haram, P.O Box 136, Giza, 12211, Egypt
- Bioanalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Standards (NIS), Tersa Street, El Haram, P.O Box 136, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Sherif Mehanny
- Department of Mechanical Design and Production, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Morsy
- Building Physics and Environment Institute, Housing and Building National Research Center (HBRC), Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City, Suez Desert Road, Cairo, 11837, Egypt.
| | - Eid N Abd El Rahman
- Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Ibrahim
- Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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7
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Zhang K, Li J, Wang Z, Xie B, Xiong Z, Li H, Ahmed M, Fang F, Li J, Li X. Cloning, expression and application of a novel laccase derived from water buffalo ruminal lignin-degrading bacteria. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131109. [PMID: 38531520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Water buffalo is the only mammal found to degrade lignin so far, and laccase plays an indispensable role in the degradation of lignin. In this study, multiple laccase genes were amplified based on the water buffalo rumen derived lignin-degrading bacteria Bacillus cereus and Ochrobactrum pseudintermedium. Subsequently, the corresponding recombinant plasmids were transformed into E. coli expression system BL21 (DE3) for induced expression by Isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). After preliminary screening, protein purification and enzyme activity assays, Lac3833 with soluble expression and high enzyme activity was selected to test its characteristics, especially the ability of lignin degradation. The results showed that the optimum reaction temperature of Lac3833 was 40 °C for different substrates. The relative activity of Lac3833 reached the highest at pH 4.5 and pH 5.5 when the substrates were ABTS or 2,6-DMP and guaiacol, respectively. Additionally, Lac3833 could maintain high enzyme activity in different temperatures, pH and solutions containing Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and Mn2+. Importantly, compared to negative treatment, recombinant laccase Lac3833 treatment showed that it had a significant function in degrading lignin. In conclusion, this is a pioneering study to produce recombinant laccase with lignin-degrading ability by bacteria from water buffalo rumen, which will provide new insights for the exploitation of more lignin-degrading enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingfa Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bohan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zixiang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mehboob Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Shennongjia Science and Technology Innovation Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shennongjia, China.
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8
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Zhong Y, Guo Z, Li M, Jia X, Zeng B. Expression of cellobiose dehydrogenase gene in Aspergillus niger C112 and its effect on lignocellulose degrading enzymes. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1330079. [PMID: 38562472 PMCID: PMC10982475 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1330079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is one of the cellulase auxiliary proteins, which is widely used in the field of biomass degradation. However, how to efficiently and cheaply apply it in industrial production still needs further research. Aspergillus niger C112 is a significant producer of cellulase and has a relatively complete lignocellulose degradation system, but its CDH activity was only 3.92 U. To obtain a recombinant strain of A. niger C112 with high cellulases activity, the CDH from the readily available white-rot fungus Grifola frondose had been heterologously expressed in A. niger C112, under the control of the gpdA promoter. After cultivation in the medium with alkali-pretreated poplar fiber as substrate, the enzyme activity of recombinant CDH reached 36.63 U/L. Compared with the original A. niger C112, the recombinant A. niger transformed with Grifola frondosa CDH showed stronger lignocellulase activity, the activities of cellulases, β-1, 4-glucosidase and manganese peroxidase increased by 28.57, 35.07 and 121.69%, respectively. The result showed that the expression of the gcdh gene in A. niger C112 could improve the activity of some lignocellulose degrading enzymes. This work provides a theoretical basis for the further application of gcdh gene in improving biomass conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Zepan Guo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Meiqun Li
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojiang Jia
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Baiquan Zeng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
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Gurnani B, Natarajan R, Mohan M, Kaur K. Breaking-Down Barriers: Proposal of Using Cellulose Biosynthesis Inhibitors and Cellulase Enzyme as a Novel Treatment Modality for Vision Threatening Pythium Insidiosum Keratitis. Clin Ophthalmol 2024; 18:765-776. [PMID: 38495678 PMCID: PMC10941664 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s450665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Pythium insidiosum, an Oomycete, causes severe keratitis that endangers vision. Its clinical, morphological, and microbiological characteristics are often indistinguishable from those of fungal keratitis, earning it the moniker "parafungus". Distinctive clinical hallmarks that set it apart from other forms of keratitis include radial keratoneuritis, tentacles, marginal infiltration, and a propensity for rapid limbal spread. The therapeutic approach to Pythium keratitis (PK) has long been a subject of debate, and topical and systemic antifungals and antibacterials have been tried with limited success. Approximately 80% of these eyes undergo therapeutic keratoplasty to salvage the eye. Hence, there is a need to innovate for alternative and better medical therapy to safeguard these eyes. The resistance of Pythium to standard antifungal treatments can be attributed to the absence of ergosterol in its cell wall. Cell walls of plants and algae have cellulose as an essential constituent. Cellulose imparts strength and structure and acts as the "skeleton" of the plant. Fungal and animal cell walls typically lack cellulose. The cellular architecture of Pythium shares a similarity with plant and algal cells through the incorporation of cellulose within its cell wall structure. Inhibitors targeting cellulose biosynthesis (CBI), such as Indaziflam, Isoxaben, and Quinoxyphen, serve as critical tools for elucidating the pathways of cellulose synthesis. Furthermore, the enzymatic action of cellulase is instrumental for the extraction of proteins and DNA. To circumvent this issue, we hypothesize that CBI's and cellulase enzymes can act on the Pythium cell wall and may effectively treat PK. The available literature supporting the hypothesis and proof of concept has also been discussed. We have also discussed these drugs' molecular mechanism of action on the Pythium cell wall. We also aim to propose how these drugs can be procured and used as a potential medical management option for this devastating entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Gurnani
- Department of Cataract, Cornea and Refractive Surgery, ASG Eye Hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342008, India
| | - Radhika Natarajan
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Sankara Nethralaya Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600006, India
| | - Madhuvanthi Mohan
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Sankara Nethralaya Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600006, India
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, ASG Eye Hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342008, India
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10
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Erkanli ME, El-Halabi K, Kim JR. Exploring the diversity of β-glucosidase: Classification, catalytic mechanism, molecular characteristics, kinetic models, and applications. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 173:110363. [PMID: 38041879 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
High-value chemicals and energy-related products can be produced from biomass. Biorefinery technology offers a sustainable and cost-effective method for this high-value conversion. β-glucosidase is one of the key enzymes in biorefinery processes, catalyzing the production of glucose from aryl-glycosides and cello-oligosaccharides via the hydrolysis of β-glycosidic bonds. Although β-glucosidase plays a critical catalytic role in the utilization of cellulosic biomass, its efficacy is often limited by substrate or product inhibitions, low thermostability, and/or insufficient catalytic activity. To provide a detailed overview of β-glucosidases and their benefits in certain desired applications, we collected and summarized extensive information from literature and public databases, covering β-glucosidases in different glycosidase hydrolase families and biological kingdoms. These β-glucosidases show differences in amino acid sequence, which are translated into varying degrees of the molecular properties critical in enzymatic applications. This review describes studies on the diversity of β-glucosidases related to the classification, catalytic mechanisms, key molecular characteristics, kinetics models, and applications, and highlights several β-glucosidases displaying high stability, activity, and resistance to glucose inhibition suitable for desired biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emre Erkanli
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States
| | - Khalid El-Halabi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States
| | - Jin Ryoun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States.
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11
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Yuan D, Liu B, Yuan X, Feng L, Xu X, Zhu J, Chen Z, Xu R, Chen J, Xu G, Lin J, Yang L, Li M, Lian J, Wu M. Multisite Mutation of the Escherichia coli cAMP Receptor Protein: Enhancing Xylitol Biosynthesis by Activating Xylose Catabolism and Improving Strain Tolerance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37921650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The bioproduction of xylitol from hemicellulose hydrolysate has good potential for industrial development. However, xylitol productivity has always been limited due to corncob hydrolysate toxicity and glucose catabolic repression. To address these challenges, this work selected the S83 and S128 amino acid residues of the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) as the modification target. By introducing multisite mutation in CRP, this approach successfully enhanced xylose catabolism and improved the strain's tolerance to corncob hydrolysate. The resulting mutant strain, designated as CPH (CRP S83H-S128P), underwent fermentation in a 20 L bioreactor with semicontinuous feeding of corncob hydrolysate. Remarkably, xylitol yield and xylitol productivity for 41 h fermentation were 175 and 4.32 g/L/h, respectively. Therefore, multisite CRP mutation was demonstrated as an efficient global regulatory strategy to effectively improve xylitol productivity from lime-pretreated corncob hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Xinsong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Leilei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Xudong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Jialin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Zhengjie Chen
- Shandong Weiyan Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Binzhou 256660, PR China
| | - Renhao Xu
- Hangzhou No. 14 Middle School, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Antifungal Drugs, Taizhou 318000, PR China
- Haizheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Taizhou 318000, PR China
| | - Gang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Jianping Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Lirong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Mian Li
- Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Quzhou 324302, PR China
| | - Jiazhang Lian
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Mianbin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, PR China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Antifungal Drugs, Taizhou 318000, PR China
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12
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Velvizhi G, Jacqueline PJ, Shetti NP, K L, Mohanakrishna G, Aminabhavi TM. Emerging trends and advances in valorization of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118527. [PMID: 37429092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable technologies pave the way to address future energy demand by converting lignocellulosic biomass into fuels, carbon-neutral materials, and chemicals which might replace fossil fuels. Thermochemical and biochemical technologies are conventional methods that convert biomass into value-added products. To enhance biofuel production, the existing technologies should be upgraded using advanced processes. In this regard, the present review explores the advanced technologies of thermochemical processes such as plasma technology, hydrothermal treatment, microwave-based processing, microbial-catalyzed electrochemical systems, etc. Advanced biochemical technologies such as synthetic metabolic engineering and genomic engineering have led to the development of an effective strategy to produce biofuels. The microwave-plasma-based technique increases the biofuel conversion efficiency by 97% and the genetic engineering strains increase the sugar production by 40%, inferring that the advanced technologies enhances the efficiency. So understanding these processes leads to low-carbon technologies which can solve the global issues on energy security, the greenhouse gases emission, and global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Velvizhi
- CO(2) Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - P Jennita Jacqueline
- CO(2) Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India
| | - Latha K
- Department of Mathematics, Easwari Engineering College, Chennai, 600 089, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunda Mohanakrishna
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India; School of Engineering, UPES, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248 007, India.
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13
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Lagunes-Reyes M, Sánchez JE, Andrade-Gallegos RH, Gutiérrez-Hernández RF, Camacho-Morales RL. Biodegradation of agave Comiteco bagasse by Pleurotus spp.: a source of cellulases useful in hydrolytic treatment to produce reducing sugars. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:356. [PMID: 37814639 PMCID: PMC10560175 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the production parameters of five strains of Pleurotus spp. during their cultivation on agave Comiteco bagasse, as well as the feasibility of using cellulolytic extracts to produce reducing sugars in the same bagasse. After cultivation, the basidiome production parameters varied between 41.2 and 65.7% (biological efficiency), 0.17 and 0.30 (yield), 0.60 and 0.90% (production rate), 16.4 and 41.1% (Bioconversion) and 9.4 and 21.3 g (mean mushroom weight). At day 15 of growth, P. djamor showed the highest β-glucosidase activity (43.95 ± 4.5 IU/g); on day 33. The same strain had the highest endoglucanase activity (21.12 ± 0.5 IU/ml). Both extracts were partially purified, and the kinetic parameters Vmax and Km were estimated (20.83 µmole/ml sec and 232.01 µmole/ml for β-glucosidase and 685.01 µmole/ml sec and 1,240.34 µmole/ml for endoglucanase). In the enzymatic hydrolysis assay, the highest concentration of reducing sugars (43.13 ± 1.09 g/L; 0.21 g/g bagasse) was obtained by a mixture of the two partially purified extracts acting synergistically after 48 h and with a pH adjustment. The results suggest that the use of agave Comiteco bagasse for cultivating edible mushrooms while obtaining cellulolytic extracts is an alternative treatment for waste reduction and valorization of agro-industrial by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Lagunes-Reyes
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carr. Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, 30700 Tapachula, Chiapas Mexico
| | - José E Sánchez
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carr. Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, 30700 Tapachula, Chiapas Mexico
| | | | - Rubén F. Gutiérrez-Hernández
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Instituto Tecnológico de Tapachula, Tecnológico Nacional de México, 30700 Tapachula, Chiapas Mexico
| | - Reyna L. Camacho-Morales
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Álvaro Obregón s/n, Nueva, 21100 Mexicali, BC Mexico
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14
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Giwa AS, Ali N, Akhter MS. Cellulose Degradation Enzymes in Filamentous Fungi, A Bioprocessing Approach Towards Biorefinery. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00900-1. [PMID: 37839042 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00900-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The economic exploration of renewable energy resources has hot fundamentals among the countries besides dwindling energy resources and increasing public pressure. Cellulose accumulation is a major bio-natural resource from agricultural waste. Cellulases are the most potential enzymes that systematically degrade cellulosic biomass into monomers which could be further processed into several efficient value-added products via chemical and biological reactions including useful biomaterial for human benefits. This could lower the environmental risks problems followed by an energy crisis. Cellulases are mainly synthesized by special fungal genotypes. The strain Trichoderma orientalis could highly express cellulases and was regarded as an ideal strain for further research, as the genetic tools have found compatibility for cellulose breakdown by producing effective cellulose-degrading enzymes. This strain has found a cellulase production of about 35 g/L that needs further studies for advancement. The enzyme activity of strain Trichoderma orientalis needed to be further improved from a molecular level which is one of the important methods. Considering synthetic biological approaches to unveil the genetic tools will boost the knowledge about commercial cellulases bioproduction. Several genetic transformation methods were significantly cited in this study. The transformation approaches that are currently researchers are exploring is transcription regulatory factors that are deeply explained in this study, that are considered essential regulators of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmoseen Segun Giwa
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330108, China
| | - Nasir Ali
- Institute of Biotechnology Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Mohammed Salim Akhter
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakheer Campus Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain
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15
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Lodi RS, Peng C, Dong X, Deng P, Peng L. Trichoderma hamatum and Its Benefits. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:994. [PMID: 37888250 PMCID: PMC10607699 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma hamatum (Bonord.) Bainier (T. hamatum) belongs to Hypocreaceae family, Trichoderma genus. Trichoderma spp. are prominently known for their biocontrol activities and plant growth promotion. Hence, T. hamatum also possess several beneficial activities, such as antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, insecticidal activity, herbicidal activity, and plant growth promotion; in addition, it holds several other beneficial properties, such as resistance to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and degradation of DDT by certain enzymes and production of certain polysaccharide-degrading enzymes. Hence, the current review discusses the beneficial properties of T. hamatum and describes the gaps that need to be further considered in future studies, such as T. hamatum's potentiality against human pathogens and, in contrast, its role as an opportunistic human pathogen. Moreover, there is a need for substantial study on its antiviral and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lizeng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (R.S.L.); (C.P.); (X.D.); (P.D.)
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16
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Kong X, Zare N, Quchan Atigh ZB, Fayazi M, Karimi-Maleh H, Sadeghifar H, Yegya PK. Unveiling the interactions between biomaterials and heterocyclic dyes: A sustainable approach for wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139625. [PMID: 37487979 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The present Review investigates the interactions between biomaterials and heterocyclic dyes, focusing on their potential application in sustainable wastewater treatment. Heterocyclic dyes are widely used in various industries, resulting in their widespread presence in wastewater, posing environmental challenges. This review explores the utilization of biomaterials as adsorbents for the removal of heterocyclic dyes from contaminated water sources. The interactions between biomaterials, such as cellulose, microfibrilated cellulose and lignin and different heterocyclic dyes are examined through reported experimental analysis and characterization techniques. The study evaluates the adsorption capacity, kinetics, and thermodynamics of the biomaterial-dye systems to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize the treatment process. The review highlight the promising potential of biomaterial-based approaches for sustainable wastewater treatment, providing insights for the development of efficient and environmentally friendly dye removal technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Kong
- Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100091, Beijing, China.
| | - Najmeh Zare
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, P.O. Box 611731, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zahra Biglari Quchan Atigh
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, P.O. Box 611731, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Mahsa Fayazi
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, P.O. Box 611731, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, P.O. Box 611731, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, PR China; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
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17
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Hu S, Zhu R, Yu XY, Wang BT, Ruan HH, Jin FJ. A High-Quality Genome Sequence of the Penicillium oxalicum 5-18 Strain Isolated from a Poplar Plantation Provides Insights into Its Lignocellulose Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12745. [PMID: 37628925 PMCID: PMC10454814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on the degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides by fungal extracellular enzymes have attracted recent attention from researchers. Xylan, abundant in hemicellulose, that play great role in connection between cellulose and lignin, has seen interest in its hydrolytic enzymatic complex. In this study, dozens of fungus species spanning genera were isolated from rotting leaves based on their ability to decompose xylan. Among these isolates, a strain with strong xylanase-producing ability was selected for further investigation by genome sequencing. Based on phylogenetic analysis of ITS (rDNA internal transcribed spacer) and LSU (Large subunit 28S rDNA) regions, the isolate was identified as Penicillium oxalicum. Morphological analysis also supported this finding. Xylanase activity of this isolated P. oxalicum 5-18 strain was recorded to be 30.83 U/mL using the 3,5-dinitro-salicylic acid (DNS) method. Further genome sequencing reveals that sequenced reads were assembled into a 30.78 Mb genome containing 10,074 predicted protein-encoding genes. In total, 439 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) encoding genes were predicted, many of which were associated with cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, chitin and starch degradation. Further analysis and comparison showed that the isolate P. oxalicum 5-18 contains a diverse set of CAZyme genes involved in degradation of plant cell wall components, particularly cellulose and hemicellulose. These findings provide us with valuable genetic information about the plant biomass-degrading enzyme system of P. oxalicum, facilitating a further exploration of the repertoire of industrially relevant lignocellulolytic enzymes of P. oxalicum 5-18.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Feng-Jie Jin
- College of Biology and the Environment, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (S.H.); (R.Z.); (X.-Y.Y.); (B.-T.W.); (H.-H.R.)
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18
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Liu B, Dai Y, Cheng X, He X, Bei Q, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Zhu B, Zhang K, Tian X, Duan M, Xie X, Wang L. Straw mulch improves soil carbon and nitrogen cycle by mediating microbial community structure and function in the maize field. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1217966. [PMID: 37533822 PMCID: PMC10391546 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1217966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the capability of the microbial community characteristics and soil variables to promote carbon and nitrogen cycles in maize fields under straw mulch. We covered the surface soil of the maize field with different amounts of wheat straw (0 kg/ha, 2,250 kg/ha, and 4,500 kg/ha) and used 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing, Biology ECO-plate, traditional enzymology, TOC analyzer, and HPLC to measure bacterial and fungal community composition and functions, characteristics of microbial carbon source metabolism, carbon and nitrogen fraction, enzyme activity, and organic acid content in the maize rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere. The results indicated that short-term straw mulch insignificantly affected the alpha diversity of bacterial and fungal communities whereas significantly influenced their beta diversity. The results of functional prediction revealed that straw mulch considerably boosted the relative abundances of bacteria belonging to chemoheterotrophy, aerobic chemoheterotrophy, ureolysis, and nitrogen fixation and inhibited fermentation and nitrate reduction in maize rhizosphere soil. These processes primarily drove the C and N cycles in soil. Straw mulch also improved fungal saprotrophs by raising the proportion of Chaetomiaceae and Chaetosphaeriaceae. The Biology ECO-plate results illustrated that straw mulch weakened the metabolism capacity of microbial labile carbon resources. As a result, the labile C and N fractions were raised under straw mulch. Our results also showed that straw mulch primarily regulated the microbial community structure in rhizosphere soil by significantly decreasing Firmicutes and Ascomycota relative abundance while increasing Basidiomycota. The fungal community structure is more than bacterial for affecting soil microbial biomass carbon, readily oxidizable organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, available nitrogen, ammonium, and nitrate directly and indirectly through malic acid content and cellulase, protease, and amylase activity. Overall, our findings imply that straw mulch might influence the bacterial and fungal community structures, thereby boosting the production of labile C and N components and accelerating the C and N cycle in maize fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangyan Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yisha Dai
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian He
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qicheng Bei
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
| | - Yifan Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuling Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kangping Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Tian
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meichun Duan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Longchang Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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19
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Vydrina I, Malkov A, Vashukova K, Tyshkunova I, Mayer L, Faleva A, Shestakov S, Novozhilov E, Chukhchin D. A new method for determination of lignocellulose crystallinity from XRD data using NMR calibration. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2023.100305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
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20
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Guo X, Jiang L, An Y, Lu F, Liu F, Wang B. Construction and characterization of a Myceliophthora thermophila lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase mutant S174C/A93C with improved thermostability. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 168:110255. [PMID: 37178549 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) can oxidatively cleave the glycosidic bonds of crystalline polysaccharides, providing more accessible sites for polysaccharide hydrolases and promoting efficient conversion of biomass. In order to promote industrial applications of LPMOs, the stability of an LPMO of Myceliophthora thermophila C1 (MtC1LPMO) was improved by adding disulfide bonds in this study. Firstly, the structural changes of wild-type (WT) MtC1LPMO at different temperatures were explored using molecular dynamics simulations, and eight mutants were selected by combining the predicted results from Disulfide by Design (DBD), Multi agent stability prediction upon point mutations (Maestro) and Bridge disulfide (BridgeD) websites. Then, the enzymatic properties of the different mutants were determined after their expression and purification, and the mutant S174C/A93C with the highest thermal stability was obtained. The specific activities of unheated S174C/A93C and WT were 160.6 ± 1.7 U/g and 174.8 ± 7.5 U/g, respectively, while those of S174C/A93C and WT treated at 70 °C for 4 h were 77.7 ± 3.4 U/g and 46.1 ± 0.4 U/g, respectively. The transition midpoint temperature of S174C/A93C was 2.7 °C higher than that of WT. The conversion efficiency of S174C/A93C for both microcrystalline cellulose and corn straw was about 1.5 times higher than that of WT. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the introduction of disulfide bonds increased the β-sheet content of the H1-E34 region, thus improving the rigidity of the protein. Therefore, the overall structural stability of S174C/A93C was improved, which in turn improved its thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300450, PR China
| | - Luying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300450, PR China
| | - Yajing An
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300450, PR China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300450, PR China
| | - Fufeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300450, PR China.
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China.
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Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Technologies: A Perception into Recent Advances in Biomass Fractionation, Biorefineries, Economic Hurdles and Market Outlook. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9030238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomasses (LCB) are sustainable and abundantly available feedstocks for the production of biofuel and biochemicals via suitable bioconversion processing. The main aim of this review is to focus on strategies needed for the progression of viable lignocellulosic biomass-based biorefineries (integrated approaches) to generate biofuels and biochemicals. Processing biomass in a sustainable manner is a major challenge that demands the accomplishment of basic requirements relating to cost effectiveness and environmental sustainability. The challenges associated with biomass availability and the bioconversion process have been explained in detail in this review. Limitations associated with biomass structural composition can obstruct the feasibility of biofuel production, especially in mono-process approaches. In such cases, biorefinery approaches and integrated systems certainly lead to improved biofuel conversion. This review paper provides a summary of mono and integrated approaches, their limitations and advantages in LCB bioconversion to biofuel and biochemicals.
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Diversity, Lifestyle, Genomics, and Their Functional Role of Cochliobolus, Bipolaris, and Curvularia Species in Environmental Remediation and Plant Growth Promotion under Biotic and Abiotic Stressors. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020254. [PMID: 36836368 PMCID: PMC9962790 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cochliobolus, Bipolaris, and Curvularia genera contain various devastating plant pathogens that cause severe crop losses worldwide. The species belonging to these genera also perform a variety of diverse functions, including the remediation of environmental contaminations, beneficial phytohormone production, and maintaining their lifestyle as epiphytes, endophytes, and saprophytes. Recent research has revealed that despite their pathogenic nature, these fungi also play an intriguing role in agriculture. They act as phosphate solubilizers and produce phytohormones, such as indole acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GAs), to accelerate the growth of various plants. Some species have also been reported to play a significant role in plant growth promotion during abiotic stresses, such as salinity stress, drought stress, heat stress, and heavy metal stress, as well as act as a biocontrol agent and a potential mycoherbicide. Similarly, these species have been reported in numerous industrial applications to produce different types of secondary metabolites and biotechnological products and possess a variety of biological properties, such as antibacterial, antileishmanial, cytotoxic, phytotoxic, and antioxidant activities. Additionally, some of the species have been utilized in the production of numerous valuable industrial enzymes and biotransformation, which has an impact on the growth of crops all over the world. However, the current literature is dispersed, and some of the key areas, such as taxonomy, phylogeny, genome sequencing, phytohormonal analysis, and diversity, are still being neglected in terms of the elucidation of its mechanisms, plant growth promotion, stress tolerance, and bioremediation. In this review, we highlighted the potential role, function, and diversity of Cochliobolus, Curvularia, and Bipolaris for improved utilization during environmental biotechnology.
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Tawfik A, M Azzam A, El-Dissouky A, Ibrahim AY, Nasr M. Synergistic effects of paper mill sludge and sulfonated graphene catalyst for maximizing bio-hydrogen harvesting from sugarcane bagasse de-polymerization. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116724. [PMID: 36372032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, hydrogen harvesting from fermentation of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was promoted by maintaining synergism between sulfonated graphene (SGR) catalyst and paper mill sludge (PMS). The sulfonic acid (-SO3H) groups in the catalyst played a major role in destructing the β-1,4 glycosidic bonds of sugarcane bagasse, releasing readily biodegradable sugars into the fermentation medium. The cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin conversion efficiency were improved by 127.5%, 495.0%, and 109.2%, respectively with 20 mgSGR/gVS catalyst addition, compared with the control samples. These values were also higher than those obtained by non-sulfonated graphene catalyst. The hydrogenation of sugarcane bagasse was maximized at a sulfonated graphene catalyst dosage of 60 mgSGR/gVS, providing the highest hydrogen harvesting of 4104 ± 321 mL. This was associated with an increase of the Proteobacteria phyla up to 52.0%, Firmicutes phyla to 13.9%, and Acinetobacter sp. to 39.8% compared with only 37.0%, 11.3% and 11.1% in the control assay respectively. Moreover, sulfonated graphene catalyst supplementation promoted the acetate fermentation reaction pathway by increasing the acetate/butyrate ratio up to 4.1. Nevertheless, elevating the catalyst dosage up to 120 mgSGR/gVS reduced the hydrogen harvesting (1190 ± 92 mL) due to the release of furfural (1.76 ± 0.02 g/L) in the fermentation cultures, deteriorating the microbes' internal composition and metabolism bioactivities. Finally maximizing the hydrogen productivity from sugarcane bagasse is feasible by incorporation of paper mill sludge and sulfonated graphene catalyst at dosage not exceeding 60 mgSGR/gVS. However, investigating the recyclability and disposal of digestate containing sulfonated graphene catalyst and the associated economic feasibility needs more attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Tawfik
- National Research Centre, Water Pollution Research Dept., 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Azzam
- Environmental Research Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Imbaba, Giza, P.O. Box 30, No. 12411, Egypt
| | - A El-Dissouky
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Aya Y Ibrahim
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Nasr
- Sanitary Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21544, Egypt
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Insight into pathway of monosaccharide production from integrated enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw waste as feed stock for anaerobic digestion. Sci Rep 2023; 13:148. [PMID: 36600032 PMCID: PMC9813138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This research examined the possible pathway of monosaccharide production from the rice straw waste using three integrated enzymatic hydrolysis approaches: boiled hot water pre-treatment with enzyme, alkaline pre-treatment with enzyme, and acid pre-treatment with enzyme, that can be further used as the feedstock for anaerobic digestion. Two cellulase enzymes: SIGMA-ALDRICH laboratory grade cellulase from Aspergillus niger and atres Zymix plus as a commercial cellulase enzyme were applied. It was found that the boiled hot water pre-treatment with the commercial cellulase gave the highest total monosaccharides yields. Glucose was the most significant part (78-86%) of the monosaccharides. For the pre-treatment with dilute acid, glucose was also the main component of monosaccharides; however, for the alkali pre-treatment, xylose was the main monosaccharide. It made up 48-85% of the total monosaccharide compared to glucose that made up 5-49% of total monosaccharide. Boiled rice straw with commercial cellulase enzyme provided the highest glucose yield compared to other experiments. Moreover, the obtained results from GC-MS/MS analysis show that up to 62 species of phenolic compound could be found in enzymatic hydrolysis of the rice straw waste. Aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon substances were also detected in the FEEM analysis. From the overall results, the integrated enzymatic hydrolysis with boil hot water pre-treatment was the most efficient method for monosaccharide production from the rice straw waste.
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Ribeiro AR, Silva EL. Potato waste as feedstock to produce biohydrogen and organic acids: A comparison of acid and alkaline pretreatments using response surface methodology. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116308. [PMID: 36261996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The effects of physicochemical pre-treatment were evaluated on hydrogen (H2) production and organic acids from hydrolyzed potato peel. Central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to evaluate the effects of different substrate concentrations on a wet basis (38.8-81.2 g.L-1) and hydrolyser ratios (6M NaOH and 30% HCl: 1.6-4.4% v.v-1; and H2SO4: 2.2-7.8% v.v-1). The experiments were conducted in batch reactors at 37 °C, using a heat-treated microbial consortium. The maximum H2 production potential (P), lag phase (λ), and maximum H2 production rate (Rm) were evaluated for untreated and pre-treated potato peel waste. H2 production was positively influenced under hydrolyzed substrate concentrations ≥75 g.L-1 in the three CCDs performed. Only the increase in the H2SO4 proportions (≥5% v.v-1) had a negative influence on H2 production. Increasing the 30% HCl and 6M NaOH proportions did not significantly influence the cumulative H2 production. The highest hydrogen production was obtained after alkaline pre-treatment by dark fermentation (P: 762.09 mL H2.L-1; λ: 14.56 h; Rm: 38.39 mL H2.L-1.h-1). Based on the CCD and RSM, the highest H2 production (1060.10 mL H2.L-1) was observed with 81.2 g.L-1 hydrolyzed potato peel with 3.0% v.v-1 of 6M NaOH. The highest yield liquid metabolites were acetic (513.70 mg. g-1 COD) and butyric acids (491.90 mg. g-1 COD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Rodrigues Ribeiro
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Jd. Santa Angelina - CEP 13563-120 - São Carlos/SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Luiz Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235 - CEP 13565-905 - São Carlos/SP, Brazil.
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Zhang X, Chen X, Li S, Bello A, Liu J, Gao L, Fan Z, Wang S, Liu L, Ma B, Li H. Mechanism of differential expression of β-glucosidase genes in functional microbial communities in response to carbon catabolite repression. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:3. [PMID: 35418139 PMCID: PMC8756671 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
β-Glucosidase is the rate-limiting enzyme of cellulose degradation. It has been stipulated and established that β-glucosidase-producing microbial communities differentially regulate the expression of glucose/non-glucose tolerant β-glucosidase genes. However, it is still unknown if this differential expression of functional microbial community happens accidentally or as a general regulatory mechanism, and of what biological significance it has. To investigate the composition and function of microbial communities and how they respond to different carbon metabolism pressures and the transcriptional regulation of functional genes, the different carbon metabolism pressure was constructed by setting up the static chamber during composting.
Results
The composition and function of functional microbial communities demonstrated different behaviors under the carbon metabolism pressure. Functional microbial community up-regulated glucose tolerant β-glucosidase genes expression to maintain the carbon metabolism rate by enhancing the transglycosylation activity of β-glucosidase to compensate for the decrease of hydrolysis activity under carbon catabolite repression (CCR). Micrococcales play a vital role in the resistance of functional microbial community under CCR. The transcription regulation of GH1 family β-glucosidase genes from Proteobacteria showed more obvious inhibition than other phyla under CCR.
Conclusion
Microbial functional communities differentially regulate the expression of glucose/non-glucose tolerant β-glucosidase genes under CCR, which is a general regulatory mechanism, not accidental. Furthermore, the differentially expressed β-glucosidase gene exhibited species characteristics at the phylogenetic level.
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Laemthong T, Bing RG, Crosby JR, Adams MWW, Kelly RM. Engineering Caldicellulosiruptor bescii with Surface Layer Homology Domain-Linked Glycoside Hydrolases Improves Plant Biomass Solubilization. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0127422. [PMID: 36169328 PMCID: PMC9599439 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01274-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremely thermophilic Caldicellulosiruptor species solubilize carbohydrates from lignocellulose through glycoside hydrolases (GHs) that can be extracellular, intracellular, or cell surface layer (S-layer) associated. Caldicellulosiruptor genomes sequenced so far encode at least one surface layer homology domain glycoside hydrolase (SLH-GH), representing six different classes of these enzymes; these can have multiple binding and catalytic domains. Biochemical characterization of a representative from each class was done to determine their biocatalytic features: four SLH-GHs from Caldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis (Calkro_0111, Calkro_0402, Calkro_0072, and Calkro_2036) and two from Caldicellulosiruptor hydrothermalis (Calhy_1629 and Calhy_2383). Calkro_0111, Calkro_0072, and Calhy_2383 exhibited β-1,3-glucanase activity, Calkro_0402 was active on both β-1,3/1,4-glucan and β-1,4-xylan, Calkro_2036 exhibited activity on both β-1,3/1,4-glucan and β-1,4-glucan, and Calhy_1629 was active only on arabinan. Caldicellulosiruptor bescii, the only species with molecular genetic tools as well as already a strong cellulose degrader, contains only one SLH-GH, Athe_0594, a glucanase that is a homolog of Calkro_2036; the other 5 classes of SLH-GHs are absent in C. bescii. The C. bescii secretome, supplemented with individual enzymes or cocktails of SLH-GHs, increased in vitro sugar release from sugar cane bagasse and poplar. Expression of non-native SLH-GHs in vivo, either associated with the S-layer or as freely secreted enzymes, improved total carbohydrate solubilization of sugar cane bagasse and poplar by up to 45% and 23%, respectively. Most notably, expression of Calkro_0402, a xylanase/glucanase, improved xylose solubilization from poplar and bagasse by over 70% by C. bescii. While Caldicellulosiruptor species are already prolific lignocellulose degraders, they can be further improved by the strategy described here. IMPORTANCE Caldicellulosiruptor species hold promise as microorganisms that can solubilize the carbohydrate portion of lignocellulose and subsequently convert fermentable sugars into bio-based chemicals and fuels. Members of the genus have surface layer (S-layer) homology domain-associated glycoside hydrolases (SLH-GHs) that mediate attachment to biomass as well as hydrolysis of carbohydrates. Caldicellulosiruptor bescii, the most studied member of the genus, has only one SLH-GH. Expression of SLH-GHs from other Caldicellulosiruptor species in C. bescii significantly improved degradation of sugar cane bagasse and poplar. This suggests that this extremely thermophilic bacterium can be engineered to further improve its ability to degrade specific plant biomasses by inserting genes encoding SLH-GHs recruited from other Caldicellulosiruptor species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunyaboon Laemthong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ryan G. Bing
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - James R. Crosby
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael W. W. Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert M. Kelly
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Zhu R, Zhang Y, Zou H, Zheng Y, Guo RB, Fu SF. Understanding the mechanisms behind enhanced anaerobic digestion of corn straw by humic acids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127454. [PMID: 35697261 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Humic acids (HAs) are abundant on earth, yet their effects on anaerobic digestion (AD) of cellulosic substrate are not fully uncovered. The effects of HAs on AD of corn straw and the mechanisms behind were analyzed in this study. Results showed that the effects of HAs on methane yield were closely related to the total solids (TS) content. At relative high TS content of 5.0%, HAs benefited AD process by increasing 13.8% of methane yield, accelerating methane production rate by 43% and shortening lag phase time by 37.5%. Microbial community analysis indicated that HAs increased the relative abundance of syntrophic bacteria (Syntrophomonadaceae and Synergistaceae), facilitating the degradation of volatile fatty acids. HAs might act as electron shuttles to directly transfer electrons to hydrogenotrophic methanogens for CO2 reduction to CH4. This study provides a simple and efficient strategy to facilitate the AD of cellulosic substrate by HAs addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
| | - Yun Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Hua Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Rong-Bo Guo
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Shan-Fei Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China; Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, PR China.
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Fung V, Xiao Y, Tan ZJD, Ma X, Zhou JFJ, Panda S, Yan N, Zhou K. Producing aromatic amino acid from corn husk by using polyols as intermediates. Biomaterials 2022; 287:121661. [PMID: 35842981 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural biomass remains as one of the commonly found waste on Earth. Although valorisation of these wastes has been studied in detail, the fermentation-based processes still need improvement due to the high cost of hydrolysing enzymes, and the presence of growth inhibitors which constrains the fermentation to produce high-value products. To address these challenges, we developed an integrated process in this study combining abiotic- and bio-catalysis to produce l-tyrosine from corn husk. The first step involved a one-pot hydrolytic hydrogenation tandem reaction without the use of the expensive enzymes, which yielded a mixture of polyols and sugars. Without any purification, these crude hydrolysates can be almost completely utilized by an engineered Escherichia coli strain, which did not exhibit any growth inhibition. The strain produced 0.44 g/L l-tyrosine from 10 g/L crude corn husk hydrolysates, demonstrating the feasibility of converting agricultural biomass into a valuable aromatic amino acid via an integrated process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Fung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yiying Xiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore; Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Zhi Jun Daniel Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Xiaoqiang Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Jie Fu J Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Smaranika Panda
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore.
| | - Kang Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore.
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El-Sheekh MM, Bedaiwy MY, El-Nagar AA, Elgammal EW. Saccharification of pre-treated wheat straw via optimized enzymatic production using Aspergillus niger: Chemical analysis of lignocellulosic matrix. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2022.2087511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aya A. El-Nagar
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Eman W. Elgammal
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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You L, Bao W, Yao C, Zhao F, Jin H, Huang W, Li B, Kwok LY, Liu W. Changes in chemical composition, structural and functional microbiome during alfalfa ( Medicago sativa) ensilage with Lactobacillus plantarum PS-8. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 9:100-109. [PMID: 35509811 PMCID: PMC9046633 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Improving silage production by adding exogenous microorganisms not only maximizes nutrient preservation, but also extends product shelf life. Herein, changes in the quality and quantity of Lactobacillus plantarum PS-8 (PS-8) -inoculated alfalfa (Medicago sativa) during silage fermentation were monitored at d 0, 7, 14, and 28 (inoculum dose of PS-8 was 1 × 105 colony forming units [cfu]/g fresh weight; 50 kg per bag; 10 bags for each time point) by reconstructing metagenomic-assembled genomes (MAG) and Growth Rate InDex (GRiD). Our results showed that the exogenous starter bacterium, PS-8 inoculation, became the most dominating strain by d 7, and possibly played a highly active role throughout the fermentation process. The pH value of the silage decreased greatly, accompanied by the growth of acid-producing microorganisms namely PS-8, which inhibited the growth of harmful microorganisms like molds (4.18 vs. 1.42 log cfu/g) and coliforms (4.95 vs. 0.66 log most probable number [MPN]/g). The content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased significantly (41.6% vs. 37.6%; dry matter basis). In addition, the abundance and diversity of genes coding microbial carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) increased significantly and desirably throughout the fermentation, particularly the genes responsible for degrading starch, arabino-xylan, and cellulose. Overall, our results showed that PS-8 was replicating rapidly and consistently during early- and mid-fermentation phases, promoting the growth of beneficial lactic acid bacteria and inhibiting undesirable microbes, ultimately improving the quality of silage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Feiyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Hao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Weiqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Bohai Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Lai-Yu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
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Lee A, Jin H, Cha J. Engineering of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius for Hemicellulosic Biomass Utilization. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:663-671. [PMID: 35283427 PMCID: PMC9628888 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2202.02016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The saccharification of cellulose and hemicellulose is essential for utilizing lignocellulosic biomass as a biofuel. While cellulose is composed of glucose only, hemicelluloses are composed of diverse sugars such as xylose, arabinose, glucose, and galactose. Sulfolobus acidocaldarius is a good potential candidate for biofuel production using hemicellulose as this archaeon simultaneously utilizes various sugars. However, S. acidocaldarius has to be manipulated because the enzyme that breaks down hemicellulose is not present in this species. Here, we engineered S. acidocaldarius to utilize xylan as a carbon source by introducing xylanase and β-xylosidase. Heterologous expression of β-xylosidase enhanced the organism's degradability and utilization of xylooligosaccharides (XOS), but the mutant still failed to grow when xylan was provided as a carbon source. S. acidocaldarius exhibited the ability to degrade xylan into XOS when xylanase was introduced, but no further degradation proceeded after this sole reaction. Following cell growth and enzyme reaction, S. acidocaldarius successfully utilized xylan in the synergy between xylanase and β-xylosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areum Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeju Jin
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Cha
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea,Microbiological Resource Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-51-510-2196 Fax: +82-51-514-1778 E-mail:
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Reppke MJ, Gerstner R, Windeisen-Holzhauser E, Richter K, Benz JP. Press water from the mechanical drying of Douglas-fir wood chips has multiple beneficial effects on lignocellulolytic fungi. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2022; 9:10. [PMID: 35606847 PMCID: PMC9128199 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-022-00141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanical drying of wood chips is an innovative method that improves the heating value of sawmill by-products in an energy-efficient continuous process. The liquid that comes out of the wood chips as press water (PW), however, contains a variety of undissolved as well as dissolved organic substances. The disposal of the PW as wastewater would generate additional costs due to its high organic load, offsetting the benefits in energy costs associated with the enhanced heating value of the wood chips. Our research explored if the organic load in PW could be utilized as a substrate by cellulolytic filamentous fungi. Hence, using the industrially relevant Ascomycete Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 as well as several Basidiomycete wood-rotting fungi, we examined the potential of press water obtained from Douglas-fir wood chips to be used in the growth and enzyme production media. Results The addition of PW supernatant to liquid cultures of T. reesei RUT-C30 resulted in a significant enhancement of the endoglucanase and endoxylanase activities with a substantially shortened lag-phase. A partial replacement of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, as well as a complete replacement of Fe2+, Mn2+, Zn2+ by supplementing PW of the liquid media was achieved without negative effects on enzyme production. Concentrations of PW above 50% showed no adverse effects regarding the achievable endoglucanase activity but affected the endoxylanase activity to some extent. Exploring the enhancing potential of several individual PW components after chemical analysis revealed that the observed lag-phase reduction of T. reesei RUT-C30 was not caused by the dissolved sugars and ions, nor the wood particles in the PW sediment, suggesting that other, so far non-identified, compounds are responsible. However, also the growth rate of several basidiomycetes was significantly enhanced by the supplementation of raw PW to the agar medium. Moreover, their cultivation in liquid cultures reduced the turbidity of the PW substantially. Conclusions PW was identified as a suitable media supplement for lignocellulolytic fungi, including the cellulase and xylanase producer T. reesei RUT-C30 and several wood-degrading basidiomycetes. The possibility to replace several minerals, trace elements and an equal volume of fresh water in liquid media with PW and the ability of fungal mycelia to filter out the suspended solids is a promising way to combine biological wastewater treatment with value-adding biotechnological applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40694-022-00141-y.
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Zhang Y, Xu Q, Hou J, Huang G, Zhao S, Zheng N, Wang J. Loss of bioactive microRNAs in cow's milk by ultra-high-temperature treatment but not by pasteurization treatment. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:2676-2685. [PMID: 34689341 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Milk microRNA (miRNA) with bioactivity is beneficial for human health. However, the effect of heat treatment on miRNA in milk is still not clear. In this study, the miRNAs in raw (RM), pasteurized (PM) and ultra-high-temperature (UHT) milk (UM) from the same batch were extracted, sequenced and analyzed. RESULTS The results showed that there was a significant difference in miRNAs between RM and UM, but not between RM and PM. The total read counts of milk miRNAs were significantly decreased by heat treatment, with the least counts in UM (P < 0.05). The average length and GC percentage of miRNAs were significantly reduced by heat treatment (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in these terms between RM and PM. The content of miRNAs was verified by qPCR, finding that miR-17-5p, miR-25, miR-27b and miR-9-5p were significantly reduced in UM (P < 0.05) but not significantly affected in PM (except miR-27b). In addition, the targeting gene ontology enrichment functions of the different presented miRNAs were mostly enriched in biological process, cellular component and molecular function. The top 20 enriched miRNAs with different levels in heat-treated milk were identified by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. Interestingly, most of the functions of these miRNA targeting genes are involved in cancer or inflammation activity. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the bioactive miRNA in RM was lost after UHT treatment but not in pasteurized treatment. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingbiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxiu Hou
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Guiao KS, Tzoganakis C, Mekonnen TH. Green mechano-chemical processing of lignocellulosic biomass for lignin recovery. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133647. [PMID: 35063558 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lignin extraction from biomass is heavily dependent on chemical processes that are harmful to the environment and the quality of the recovered lignin. Ionic liquid solvents are some of the latest solutions in green processing; however, their implementation for lignin recovery is limited by their high cost, typically high loadings requirements, and long processing times. To overcome these issues, in this study, high loadings of mixed hardwood flour (MHF) were processed with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmimCl) in a batch mixer. The rheological behaviour of the biomass and ionic liquid mixture was studied. The mixture had a high complex viscosity (approx. 107 Pa s) at low shear rates and displayed pronounced shear thinning behavior at 50 wt% MHF loading. A 22 factorial design was also implemented to study the effects of MHF solid loading amount and residence time on lignin extraction yield. A maximum yield of 36.6% was obtained at the maximum solid loading amount and residence time (50 wt% and 45 min, respectively). The extracted lignin samples were also characterized in comparison with commercial Kraft lignin and lignosulfonate. The novelty of this study is the successful lignin extraction at high solid loadings and shorter residence times compared to previous biomass pre-treatments with ionic liquids that employs low solid loading and long processing times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karelle S Guiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Costas Tzoganakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tizazu H Mekonnen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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Singh N, Singh V, Singh MP. Microbial degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioenergy production: A metagenomic-based approach. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2022.2056451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Singh
- Centre of Bioinformatics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Veer Singh
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Mohan P. Singh
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
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Bouchat R, Vélard F, Audonnet S, Rioult D, Delvigne F, Rémond C, Rakotoarivonina H. Xylanase production by Thermobacillus xylanilyticus is impaired by population diversification but can be mitigated based on the management of cheating behavior. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:39. [PMID: 35292016 PMCID: PMC8922903 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01762-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The microbial production of hemicellulasic cocktails is still a challenge for the biorefineries sector and agro-waste valorization. In this work, the production of hemicellulolytic enzymes by Thermobacillus xylanilyticus has been considered. This microorganism is of interest since it is able to produce an original set of thermostable hemicellulolytic enzymes, notably a xylanase GH11, Tx-xyn11. However, cell-to-cell heterogeneity impairs the production capability of the whole microbial population. Results Sequential cultivations of the strain on xylan as a carbon source has been considered in order to highlight and better understand this cell-to-cell heterogeneity. Successive cultivations pointed out a fast decrease of xylanase activity (loss of ~ 75%) and Tx-xyn11 gene expression after 23.5 generations. During serial cultivations on xylan, flow cytometry analyses pointed out that two subpopulations, differing at their light-scattering properties, were present. An increase of the recurrence of the subpopulation exhibiting low forward scatter (FSC) signal was correlated with a progressive loss of xylanase activity over several generations. Cell sorting and direct observation of the sorted subpopulations revealed that the low-FSC subpopulation was not sporulating, whereas the high-FSC subpopulation contained cells at the onset of the sporulation stage. The subpopulation differences (growth and xylanase activity) were assessed during independent growth. The low-FSC subpopulation exhibited a lag phase of 10 h of cultivation (and xylanase activities from 0.15 ± 0.21 to 3.89 ± 0.14 IU/mL along the cultivation) and the high-FSC subpopulation exhibited a lag phase of 5 h (and xylanase activities from 0.52 ± 0.00 to 4.43 ± 0.61 over subcultivations). Serial cultivations on glucose, followed by a switch to xylan led to a ~ 1.5-fold to ~ 15-fold improvement of xylanase activity, suggesting that alternating cultivation conditions could lead to an efficient population management strategy for the production of xylanase. Conclusions Taken altogether, the data from this study point out that a cheating behavior is responsible for the progressive reduction in xylanase activity during serial cultivations of T. xylanilyticus. Alternating cultivation conditions between glucose and xylan could be used as an efficient strategy for promoting population stability and higher enzymatic productivity from this bacterium. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01762-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Bouchat
- INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Chaire AFERE, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51097, Reims, France.,Laboratory of Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Avenue de la Faculté 2B, B140, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Vélard
- BIOS EA 4691 "Biomatériaux et Inflammation en site osseux", Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51097, Reims, France
| | - Sandra Audonnet
- URCACyt, Flow Cytometry Technical Platform, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51096, Reims, France
| | - Damien Rioult
- Plateau Technique Mobile de Cytométrie Environnementale MOBICYTE, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51097, Reims, France
| | - Frank Delvigne
- Laboratory of Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Avenue de la Faculté 2B, B140, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Caroline Rémond
- INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Chaire AFERE, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51097, Reims, France
| | - Harivony Rakotoarivonina
- INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Chaire AFERE, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51097, Reims, France.
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Sadare OO, Yoro KO, Moothi K, Daramola MO. Lignocellulosic Biomass-Derived Nanocellulose Crystals as Fillers in Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment: A Review. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12030320. [PMID: 35323795 PMCID: PMC8951035 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The improvement of membrane applications for wastewater treatment has been a focal point of research in recent times, with a wide variety of efforts being made to enhance the performance, integrity and environmental friendliness of the existing membrane materials. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are sustainable nanomaterials derived from microorganisms and plants with promising potential in wastewater treatment. Cellulose nanomaterials offer a satisfactory alternative to other environmentally harmful nanomaterials. However, only a few review articles on this important field are available in the open literature, especially in membrane applications for wastewater treatment. This review briefly highlights the circular economy of waste lignocellulosic biomass and the isolation of CNCs from waste lignocellulosic biomass for membrane applications. The surface chemical functionalization technique for the preparation of CNC-based materials with the desired functional groups and properties is outlined. Recent uses of CNC-based materials in membrane applications for wastewater treatment are presented. In addition, the assessment of the environmental impacts of CNCs, cellulose extraction, the production techniques of cellulose products, cellulose product utilization, and their end-of-life disposal are briefly discussed. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects for the development of CNC from waste biomass for application in wastewater treatment are discussed extensively. Finally, this review unraveled some important perceptions on the prospects of CNC-based materials, especially in membrane applications for the treatment of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olawumi O. Sadare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering the Built Environment, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-843618562
| | - Kelvin O. Yoro
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Kapil Moothi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering the Built Environment, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
| | - Michael O. Daramola
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
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Structural and Biochemical Characterization of Endo-β-1,4-glucanase from Dictyoglomus thermophilum, a Hyperthermostable and Halotolerant Cellulase. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12030302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides in the lignocellulosic biomass is currently the subject of intensive research and will be a key technology in future biorefineries. Using a bioinformatics approach, we previously identified a putative endo-β-1,4-glucanase (DtCel5A) from Dictyoglomus thermophilum, a chemoorganotrophic and thermophilic bacterium. Here, we structurally and functionally characterize DtCel5A and show that it is endowed with remarkable thermal and chemical stability. The structural features of DtCel5A and of its complex with cellobiose have been investigated by combining X-ray crystallography and other biophysical studies. Importantly, biochemical assays show that DtCel5A retains its activity on cellulose at high temperatures and at elevated salt concentrations. These features make DtCel5A an enzyme with interesting biotechnological applications for biomass degradation.
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Yang Z, Hu X, Zhang F, Durrani S, Zhang J, Pang AP, Gao Y, Wu FG, Lin F. Chitosan-modified fluorescent dye for simple, fast, and in-situ measurement of fungal cell growth in the presence of insoluble compounds. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6884137. [PMID: 36481926 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The measurement of fungal cell growth in submerged culture systems containing insoluble compounds is essential yet difficult due to the interferences from the insoluble compounds like biopolymers. Here, we developed a fluorescent strategy based on chitosan-modified fluorescein isothiocyanate (GC-FITC) to monitor the cell growth of lignocellulosic fungi cultivated on biopolymers. GC-FITC could stain only lignocellulosic fungi (Tricoderma reesei, Penicillium oxalicum, Aspergillus nidulans, and Neurospora crassa), but not biopolymers (cellulose, xylan, pectin, or lignin), excluding the interferences from these insoluble biopolymer. Moreover, a linear relationship was observed between the fluorescence intensity of GC-FITC absorbed by lignocellulosic fungi and the biomass of lignocellulosic fungi. Therefore, GC-FITC was leveraged to monitor the cell growth of lignocellulosic fungi when using biopolymers like cellulose as the carbon sources, which is faster, more convenient, time-saving, and cost-effective than the existing methods using protein/DNA content measurement. GC-FITC offers a powerful tool to detect fungal growth in culture systems with insoluble materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihuayuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Funing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Samran Durrani
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Ai-Ping Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yichen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Fengming Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Mustafa M, Ali L, Islam W, Noman A, Zhou C, Shen L, Zhu T, Can L, Nasif O, Gasparovic K, latif F, Gao J. Heterologous expression and characterization of glycoside hydrolase with its potential applications in hyperthermic environment. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:751-757. [PMID: 35197741 PMCID: PMC8847942 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
With the progressive focus on renewable energy via biofuels production from lignocellulosic biomass, cellulases are the key enzymes that play a fundamental role in this regard. This study aims to unravel the characteristics of Thermotoga maritima MSB8 (Tma) (a hyperthermophile from hot springs) thermostable glycoside hydrolase enzyme. Here, a glycoside hydrolase gene of Thermotoga maritima (Tma) was heterologously expressed and characterized. The gene was placed in the pQE-30 expression vector under the T5 promotor, and the construct pQE-30-Gh was then successfully integrated into Escherichia coli BL21 (DH5α) genome by transformation. Sequence of the glycoside hydrolase contained an open reading frame of 2.124 kbp, encoded a polypeptide of 721 amino acid residues. The molecular weight of the recombinant protein estimated was 79 kDa. The glycoside hydrolase was purified by Ni+2-NTA affinity chromatography and its enzymatic activity was investigated. The recombinant enzyme is highly stable within an extreme pH range (2.0–7.0) and highly thermostable at 80 °C for 72 h indicating its viability in hyperthermic environment and acidic nature. Moreover, the Ca2+ and Mn2+ introduction stimulated the residual activity of recombinant enzyme. Conclusively, the thermostable glycoside hydrolase possesses potential to be exploited for industrial applications at hyperthermic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mustafa
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Waqar Islam
- College of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Chengzeng Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Linsong Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Taoting Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Liu Can
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Omaima Nasif
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Medical City, PO Box-2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kristina Gasparovic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A.Hlinku 2, 94976, Slovakia
| | - Farooq latif
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Jiangtao Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Corresponding author at: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Guan Y, Zhu H, Zhu Y, Zhao H, Shu L, Song J, Yang X, Wu Z, Wu L, Yang M. Microbial consortium composed of Cellulomonas ZJW-6 and Acinetobacter DA-25 improves straw lignocellulose degradation. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:139. [PMID: 35032191 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, 27 bacterial strains were isolated from environmental samples and screened for higher lignocellulose-degrading efficiency. The best degrader was combined in pairs with 14 strains with high β-glucosidase activity to formulate a consortium. Microbial consortium 625 showed high lignocellulose degradation efficiency. ZJW-6 with low β-glucosidase activity and the best lignocellulose decomposer was identified as a member of Cellulomonas. Consortium 625 composed of ZJW-6 and DA-25, an Acinetobacter, showed the highest degradation rate (57.62%) under optimized conditions. The DA-25 filtrate promoted ZJW-6 growth, upregulating the activity of key lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, including β-glucosidase, endoglucanase, xylanase, laccase, and lignin peroxidase. ZJW-6 and DA-25 worked in a subordination manner when co-cultivated. ZJW-6 acted as the major decomposer whose growth and enzymatic activities were promoted by DA-25. This study proposes a novel microbial consortium with improved lignocellulose degradation efficiency and reduce the C:N ratio of lignocellulose materials, which can enhance bioenergy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Guan
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyu Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hemei Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Longhua Shu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Song
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihai Wu
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Meiying Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
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Feng X, Yao Y, Xu N, Jia H, Li X, Zhao J, Chen S, Qu Y. Pretreatment Affects Profits From Xylanase During Enzymatic Saccharification of Corn Stover Through Changing the Interaction Between Lignin and Xylanase Protein. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:754593. [PMID: 35002999 PMCID: PMC8739958 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.754593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective pretreatment is vital to improve the biomass conversion efficiency, which often requires the addition of xylanase as an accessory enzyme to enhance enzymatic saccharification of corn stover. In this study, we investigated the effect of two sophisticated pretreatment methods including ammonium sulfite (AS) and steam explosion (SE) on the xylanase profits involved in enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover. We further explored the interactions between lignin and xylanase Xyn10A protein. Our results showed that the conversion rates of glucan and xylan in corn stover by AS pretreatment were higher by Xyn10A supplementation than that by SE pretreatment. Compared with the lignin from SE pretreated corn stover, the lignin from AS pretreated corn stover had a lower Xyn10A initial adsorption velocity (13.56 vs. 10.89 mg g−1 min−1) and adsorption capacity (49.46 vs. 27.42 mg g−1 of lignin) and weakened binding strength (310.6 vs. 215.9 L g−1). Our study demonstrated the low absolute zeta potential and strong hydrophilicity of the lignin may partly account for relative weak interaction between xylanase protein and lignin from AS pretreated corn stover. In conclusion, our results suggested that AS pretreatment weakened the inhibition of lignin to enzyme, promoted the enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover, and decreased the cost of enzyme in bioconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yini Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hexue Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuezhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shicheng Chen
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Yinbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Ji Z, Wu Y, Li X, Wang Y, Ling Z, Meng Y, Lu P, Chen F. Electrogenerated alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment of waste wheat straw to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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45
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Lee DS, Song Y, Lee YG, Bae HJ. Comparative Evaluation of Adsorption of Major Enzymes in a Cellulase Cocktail Obtained from Trichoderma reesei onto Different Types of Lignin. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14010167. [PMID: 35012188 PMCID: PMC8747337 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulase adsorption onto lignin decreases the productivity of enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Here, adsorption of enzymes onto different types of lignin was investigated, and the five major enzymes—cellobiohydrolases (CBHs), endoglucanase (Cel7B), β-glucosidase (Cel3A), xylanase (XYNIV), and mannanase (Man5A)—in a cellulase cocktail obtained from Trichoderma reesei were individually analyzed through SDS-PAGE and zymogram assay. Lignin was isolated from woody (oak and pine lignin) and herbaceous (rice straw and kenaf lignin) plants. The relative adsorption of CBHs compared to the control was in the range of 14.15–18.61%. The carbohydrate binding motif (CBM) of the CBHs contributed to higher adsorption levels in oak and kenaf lignin, compared to those in pine and rice lignin. The adsorption of endoglucanase (Cel7B) by herbaceous plant lignin was two times higher than that of woody lignin, whereas XYNIV showed the opposite pattern. β-glucosidase (Cel3A) displayed the highest and lowest adsorption ratios on rice straw and kenaf lignin, respectively. Mannanase (Man5A) was found to have the lowest adsorption ratio on pine lignin. Our results showed that the hydrophobic properties of CBM and the enzyme structures are key factors in adsorption onto lignin, whereas the properties of specific lignin types indirectly affect adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Seok Lee
- Bio-Energy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-575, Korea; (D.-S.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Younho Song
- Bio-Energy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-575, Korea; (D.-S.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yoon-Gyo Lee
- Department of Wood Science and Landscape Architecture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea;
| | - Hyeun-Jong Bae
- Bio-Energy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-575, Korea; (D.-S.L.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-62-530-2097
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46
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Esquivel-Hernández DA, García-Pérez JS, López-Pacheco IY, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldívar R. Resource recovery of lignocellulosic biomass waste into lactic acid - Trends to sustain cleaner production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 301:113925. [PMID: 34731961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomass waste generation concerns regulatory authorities to develop novel methods to sustain biotransformation processes. Particularly, lactic acid (LA) is a bulk commodity chemical used in diverse industries and holds a growing global market demand. Recently, lignocellulosic waste biomass is preferred for LA bio-production because of its non-edible and inexpensive nature. However, the information about new pretreatment methods for lignocellulosic feedstock, and novel strains capable to produce LA through fermentation is limited. Therefore, this review highlights the advancement of pretreatments methods of lignocellulosic biomass and biotransformation. Herein, we first briefly explored the main sources of lignocellulosic waste biomass, then we explored their latest advances in pretreatment processes particularly supercritical fluid extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction. Approaches for bioconversion were also analyzed, such as consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), separate hydrolysis fermentation (SHF), among other alternatives. Also, new trends and approaches were documented, such as metagenomics to find novel strains of microorganisms and the use of recombinant strategies for the creation of new strains. Finally, we developed a holistic and sustainable perspective based on novel microbial ecology tools such as next-gen sequencing, bioinformatics, and metagenomics. All these shed light on the needs to culture powerful microbial isolates, co-cultures, and mixed consortia to improve fermentation processes with the aim of optimizing cultures and feedstock pretreatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Esquivel-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico; Departamento de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - J Saúl García-Pérez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | - Itzel Y López-Pacheco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
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47
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Raj T, Chandrasekhar K, Naresh Kumar A, Rajesh Banu J, Yoon JJ, Kant Bhatia S, Yang YH, Varjani S, Kim SH. Recent advances in commercial biorefineries for lignocellulosic ethanol production: Current status, challenges and future perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126292. [PMID: 34748984 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cellulosic ethanol production has received global attention to use as transportation fuels with gasoline blending virtue of carbon benefits and decarbonization. However, due to changing feedstock composition, natural resistance, and a lack of cost-effective pretreatment and downstream processing, contemporary cellulosic ethanol biorefineries are facing major sustainability issues. As a result, we've outlined the global status of present cellulosic ethanol facilities, as well as main roadblocks and technical challenges for sustainable and commercial cellulosic ethanol production. Additionally, the article highlights the technical and non-technical barriers, various R&D advancements in biomass pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation strategies that have been deliberated for low-cost sustainable fuel ethanol. Moreover, selection of a low-cost efficient pretreatment method, process simulation, unit integration, state-of-the-art in one pot saccharification and fermentation, system microbiology/ genetic engineering for robust strain development, and comprehensive techno-economic analysis are all major bottlenecks that must be considered for long-term ethanol production in the transportation sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirath Raj
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - K Chandrasekhar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - A Naresh Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610 005, India
| | - Jeong-Jun Yoon
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 010, India
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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48
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Biggs BW, Alper HS, Pfleger BF, Tyo KEJ, Santos CNS, Ajikumar PK, Stephanopoulos G. Enabling commercial success of industrial biotechnology. Science 2021; 374:1563-1565. [PMID: 34941395 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj5040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley W Biggs
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Hal S Alper
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Brian F Pfleger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Keith E J Tyo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Gregory Stephanopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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49
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Xu Y, Li Q, Man L. Bamboo-derived carboxymethyl cellulose for liquid film as renewable and biodegradable agriculture mulching. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:611-617. [PMID: 34606790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mulching has been extensively sought after in modern agriculture. However, massive utilization of plastics for mulching has induced severe environmental concerns. Developing biodegradable mulch thus represents an emerging need for future agriculture. By using bamboo-derived carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), this study proposed a crosslinking strategy to prepare liquid film as quality mulch. CMC was synthesized by delignifying bamboo and etherifying resultant cellulose, which was then blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and crosslinked by glutaraldehyde to prepare a liquid film. By simply spraying on soil, mulch can quickly form on soil surface. Especially, bamboo-timber derived mulch had strong mechanical property (18.2 MPa), good transmittance (74.2%) and moisture absorption (141%), and excellent soil moisture retention. More importantly, about 64% of used mulches were biodegraded within 60-d after burring in soil, which will not need post-handling. These results highlighted that bamboo-derived mulch can be an alternative of current plastic mulch to tackle associated environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming Xu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China; College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Liping Man
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
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50
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Qaiser H, Kaleem A, Abdullah R, Iqtedar M, Hoessli DC. Overview of lignocellulolytic enzyme systems with special reference to valorization of lignocellulosic biomass. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:1349-1364. [PMID: 34749601 DOI: 10.2174/0929866528666211105110643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass, one of the most valuable natural resources, is abundantly present on earth. Being a renewable feedstock, it harbors a great potential to be exploited as a raw material, to produce various value-added products. Lignocellulolytic microorganisms hold a unique position regarding the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass as they contain efficient enzyme systems capable of degrading this biomass. The ubiquitous nature of these microorganisms and their survival under extreme conditions have enabled their use as an effective producer of lignocellulolytic enzymes with improved biochemical features crucial to industrial bioconversion processes. These enzymes can prove to be an exquisite tool when it comes to the eco-friendly manufacturing of value-added products using waste material. This review focuses on highlighting the significance of lignocellulosic biomass, microbial sources of lignocellulolytic enzymes and their use in the formation of useful products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Qaiser
- Department of Biology, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore. Pakistan
| | - Afshan Kaleem
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore. Pakistan
| | - Roheena Abdullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore. Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Iqtedar
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore. Pakistan
| | - Daniel C Hoessli
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi. Pakistan
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