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Boecker H, Daamen M, Kunz L, Geiß M, Müller M, Neuss T, Henschel L, Stirnberg R, Upadhyay N, Scheef L, Martin JA, Stöcker T, Radbruch A, Attenberger U, Axmacher N, Maurer A. Hippocampal subfield plasticity is associated with improved spatial memory. Commun Biol 2024; 7:271. [PMID: 38443439 PMCID: PMC10914736 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise studies are generally underrepresented in young adulthood. Seventeen subjects were randomized into an intervention group (24.2 ± 3.9 years; 3 trainings/week) and 10 subjects into a passive control group (23.7 ± 4.2 years), over a duration of 6 months. Every two months, performance diagnostics, computerized spatial memory tests, and 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging were conducted. Here we find that the intervention group, compared to controls, showed increased cardiorespiratory fitness, spatial memory performance and subregional hippocampal volumes over time. Time-by-condition interactions occurred in right cornu ammonis 4 body and (trend only) dentate gyrus, left hippocampal tail and left subiculum. Increases in spatial memory performance correlated with hippocampal body volume changes and, subregionally, with left subicular volume changes. In conclusion, findings support earlier reports of exercise-induced subregional hippocampal volume changes. Such exercise-related plasticity may not only be of interest for young adults with clinical disorders of hippocampal function, but also for sedentary normal cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Boecker
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Marcel Daamen
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Kunz
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Melanie Geiß
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Moritz Müller
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Neuss
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Leonie Henschel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Stirnberg
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Neeraj Upadhyay
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Scheef
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jason A Martin
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tony Stöcker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Radbruch
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Attenberger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nikolai Axmacher
- Department of Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Angelika Maurer
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
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2
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Pollak C, Kügler D, Breteler MMB, Reuter M. Quantifying MR Head Motion in the Rhineland Study - A Robust Method for Population Cohorts. Neuroimage 2023; 275:120176. [PMID: 37209757 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Head motion during MR acquisition reduces image quality and has been shown to bias neuromorphometric analysis. The quantification of head motion, therefore, has both neuroscientific as well as clinical applications, for example, to control for motion in statistical analyses of brain morphology, or as a variable of interest in neurological studies. The accuracy of markerless optical head tracking, however, is largely unexplored. Furthermore, no quantitative analysis of head motion in a general, mostly healthy population cohort exists thus far. In this work, we present a robust registration method for the alignment of depth camera data that sensitively estimates even small head movements of compliant participants. Our method outperforms the vendor-supplied method in three validation experiments: 1. similarity to fMRI motion traces as a low-frequency reference, 2. recovery of the independently acquired breathing signal as a high-frequency reference, and 3. correlation with image-based quality metrics in structural T1-weighted MRI. In addition to the core algorithm, we establish an analysis pipeline that computes average motion scores per time interval or per sequence for inclusion in downstream analyses. We apply the pipeline in the Rhineland Study, a large population cohort study, where we replicate age and body mass index (BMI) as motion correlates and show that head motion significantly increases over the duration of the scan session. We observe weak, yet significant interactions between this within-session increase and age, BMI, and sex. High correlations between fMRI and camera-based motion scores of proceeding sequences further suggest that fMRI motion estimates can be used as a surrogate score in the absence of better measures to control for motion in statistical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Pollak
- AI in Medical Imaging, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - David Kügler
- AI in Medical Imaging, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Monique M B Breteler
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Reuter
- AI in Medical Imaging, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Tao H, Zhang W, Wang H, Wang S, Liang D, Xu X, Liu Q. Multi-weight respecification of scan-specific learning for parallel imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 97:1-12. [PMID: 36567001 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Parallel imaging is widely used in magnetic resonance imaging as an acceleration technology. Traditional linear reconstruction methods in parallel imaging often suffer from noise amplification. Recently, a non-linear robust artificial-neural-network for k-space interpolation (RAKI) exhibits superior noise resilience over other linear methods. However, RAKI performs poorly at high acceleration rates and needs a large number of autocalibration signals as the training samples. In order to tackle these issues, we propose a multi-weight method that implements multiple weighting matrices on the under-sampled data, named MW-RAKI. Enforcing multiple weighted matrices on the measurements can effectively reduce the influence of noise and increase the data constraints. Furthermore, we incorporate the strategy of multiple weighting matrixes into a residual version of RAKI, and form MW-rRAKI. Experimental comparisons with the alternative methods demonstrated noticeably better reconstruction performances, particularly at high acceleration rates. With only 12.5% of the k-space data is available, the PSNR of MW-RAKI and MW-rRAKI is improved by about 3 dB and 4 dB compared to RAKI and rRAKI, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tao
- Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Medical AI Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Qiegen Liu
- Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
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MR-self Noise2Noise: self-supervised deep learning-based image quality improvement of submillimeter resolution 3D MR images. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:2686-2698. [PMID: 36378250 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-09243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to develop a deep neural network (DNN)-based noise reduction and image quality improvement by only using routine clinical scans and evaluate its performance in 3D high-resolution MRI. METHODS This retrospective study included T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MP-RAGE) images from 185 clinical scans: 135 for DNN training, 11 for DNN validation, 20 for qualitative evaluation, and 19 for quantitative evaluation. Additionally, 18 vessel wall imaging (VWI) data were included to evaluate generalization. In each scan of the DNN training set, two noise-independent images were generated from the k-space data, resulting in an input-label pair. 2.5D U-net architecture was utilized for the DNN model. Qualitative evaluation between conventional MP-RAGE and DNN-based MP-RAGE was performed by two radiologists in image quality, fine structure delineation, and lesion conspicuity. Quantitative evaluation was performed with full sampled data as a reference by measuring quantitative error metrics and volumetry at 7 different simulated noise levels. DNN application on VWI was evaluated by two radiologists in image quality. RESULTS Our DNN-based MP-RAGE outperformed conventional MP-RAGE in all image quality parameters (average scores = 3.7 vs. 4.9, p < 0.001). In the quantitative evaluation, DNN showed better error metrics (p < 0.001) and comparable (p > 0.09) or better (p < 0.02) volumetry results than conventional MP-RAGE. DNN application to VWI also revealed improved image quality (3.5 vs. 4.6, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The proposed DNN model successfully denoises 3D MR image and improves its image quality by using routine clinical scans only. KEY POINTS • Our deep learning framework successfully improved conventional 3D high-resolution MRI in all image quality parameters, fine structure delineation, and lesion conspicuity. • Compared to conventional MRI, the proposed deep neural network-based MRI revealed better quantitative error metrics and comparable or better volumetry results. • Deep neural network application to 3D MRI whose pulse sequences and parameters were different from the training data showed improvement in image quality, revealing the potential to generalize on various clinical MRI.
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Claus J, Upadhyay N, Maurer A, Klein J, Scheef L, Daamen M, Martin JA, Stirnberg R, Radbruch A, Attenberger U, Stöcker T, Boecker H. Physical Activity Alters Functional Connectivity of Orbitofrontal Cortex Subdivisions in Healthy Young Adults: A Longitudinal fMRI Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050689. [PMID: 36900693 PMCID: PMC10001322 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) plays an important role in affect processing. Studies describe the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as a major hub for emotion processing and the pathophysiology of affective disorders. Subregions of the OFC show diverse functional connectivity (FC) topographies, but the effect of chronic PA on subregional OFC FC still lacks scientific understanding. Therefore, we aimed at investigating the effects of regular PA on the FC topographies of OFC subregions in healthy individuals within a longitudinal randomized controlled exercise study. Participants (age: 18-35 years) were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (IG; N = 18) or a control group (CG; N = 10). Fitness assessments, mood questionnaires, and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) were performed four times over the duration of 6 months. Using a detailed parcellation of the OFC, we created subregional FC topography maps at each time point and applied a linear mixed model to assess the effects of regular PA. The posterior-lateral right OFC showed a group and time interaction, revealing decreased FC with the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the IG, while FC in the CG increased. Group and time interaction in the anterior-lateral right OFC with the right middle frontal gyrus was driven by increased FC in the IG. The posterior-lateral left OFC showed a group and time interaction based on differential change in FC to the left postcentral gyrus and the right occipital gyrus. This study emphasized regionally distinctive FC changes induced by PA within the lateral OFC territory, while providing aspects for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Claus
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Neeraj Upadhyay
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Angelika Maurer
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian Klein
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Scheef
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Daamen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jason Anthony Martin
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Stirnberg
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Radbruch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Attenberger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tony Stöcker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Henning Boecker
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Fox FAU, Diers K, Lee H, Mayr A, Reuter M, Breteler MMB, Aziz NA. Association Between Accelerometer-Derived Physical Activity Measurements and Brain Structure: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Neurology 2022; 99:e1202-e1215. [PMID: 35918154 PMCID: PMC9536740 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES While there is growing evidence that physical activity promotes neuronal health, studies examining the relation between physical activity and brain morphology remain inconclusive. We therefore examined whether objectively quantified physical activity is related to brain volume, cortical thickness, and gray matter density in a large cohort study. In addition, we assessed molecular pathways that may underlie the effects of physical activity on brain morphology. METHODS We used cross-sectional baseline data from 2,550 eligible participants (57.6% women; mean age: 54.7 years, range: 30-94 years) of a prospective cohort study. Physical activity dose (metabolic equivalent hours and step counts) and intensity (sedentary and light-intensity and moderate-to-vigorous intensity activities) were recorded with accelerometers. Brain volumetric, gray matter density, and cortical thickness measures were obtained from 3T MRI scans using FreeSurfer and Statistical Parametric Mapping. The relation of physical activity (independent variable) and brain structure (outcome) was examined with polynomial multivariable regression, while adjusting for age, sex, intracranial volume, education, and smoking. Using gene expression profiles from the Allen Brain Atlas, we extracted molecular signatures associated with the effects of physical activity on brain morphology. RESULTS Physical activity dose and intensity were independently associated with larger brain volumes, gray matter density, and cortical thickness of several brain regions. The effects of physical activity on brain volume were most pronounced at low physical activity quantities and differed between men and women and across age. For example, more time spent in moderate-to-vigorous intensity activities was associated with greater total gray matter volume, but the relation leveled off with more activity (standardized β [95% CIs]: 1.37 [0.35-2.39] and -0.70 [-1.25 to -0.15] for the linear and quadratic terms, respectively). The strongest effects of physical activity were observed in motor regions and cortical regions enriched for genes involved in mitochondrial respiration. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that physical activity benefits brain health, with the strongest effects in motor regions and regions with a high oxidative demand. While young adults may particularly profit from additional high-intensity activities, older adults may already benefit from light-intensity activities. Physical activity and reduced sedentary time may be critical in the prevention of age-associated brain atrophy and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne A U Fox
- From the Population Health Sciences (F.A.U.F., H.L., M.M.B.B., N.A.A.), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn; Image Analysis (K.D., M.R.), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn; Institute for Medical Biometry (A.M., M.M.B.B.), Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany; A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (M.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Radiology (M.R.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (N.A.A.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Kersten Diers
- From the Population Health Sciences (F.A.U.F., H.L., M.M.B.B., N.A.A.), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn; Image Analysis (K.D., M.R.), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn; Institute for Medical Biometry (A.M., M.M.B.B.), Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany; A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (M.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Radiology (M.R.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (N.A.A.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Hweeling Lee
- From the Population Health Sciences (F.A.U.F., H.L., M.M.B.B., N.A.A.), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn; Image Analysis (K.D., M.R.), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn; Institute for Medical Biometry (A.M., M.M.B.B.), Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany; A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (M.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Radiology (M.R.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (N.A.A.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Mayr
- From the Population Health Sciences (F.A.U.F., H.L., M.M.B.B., N.A.A.), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn; Image Analysis (K.D., M.R.), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn; Institute for Medical Biometry (A.M., M.M.B.B.), Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany; A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (M.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Radiology (M.R.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (N.A.A.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Reuter
- From the Population Health Sciences (F.A.U.F., H.L., M.M.B.B., N.A.A.), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn; Image Analysis (K.D., M.R.), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn; Institute for Medical Biometry (A.M., M.M.B.B.), Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany; A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (M.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Radiology (M.R.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (N.A.A.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Monique M B Breteler
- From the Population Health Sciences (F.A.U.F., H.L., M.M.B.B., N.A.A.), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn; Image Analysis (K.D., M.R.), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn; Institute for Medical Biometry (A.M., M.M.B.B.), Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany; A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (M.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Radiology (M.R.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (N.A.A.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - N Ahmad Aziz
- From the Population Health Sciences (F.A.U.F., H.L., M.M.B.B., N.A.A.), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn; Image Analysis (K.D., M.R.), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn; Institute for Medical Biometry (A.M., M.M.B.B.), Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany; A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (M.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Radiology (M.R.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (N.A.A.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany.
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7
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Löwen D, Pracht ED, Stirnberg R, Liebig P, Stöcker T. Interleaved binomial kT-Points for water-selective imaging at 7T. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:2564-2572. [PMID: 35942989 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We present a time-efficient water-selective, parallel transmit RF excitation pulse design for ultra-high field applications. METHODS The proposed pulse design method achieves flip angle homogenization at ultra-high fields by employing spatially nonselective k T $$ {\mathrm{k}}_T $$ -points pulses. In order to introduce water-selection, the concept of binomial pulses is applied. Due to the composite nature of k T $$ {\mathrm{k}}_T $$ -points, the pulse can be split into multiple binomial subpulse blocks shorter than half the precession period of fat, that are played out successively. Additional fat precession turns, that would otherwise impair the spectral response, can thus be avoided. Bloch simulations of the proposed interleaved binomial k T $$ {\mathrm{k}}_T $$ -points pulses were carried out and compared in terms of duration, homogeneity, fat suppression and pulse energy. For validation, in vivo MP-RAGE and 3D-EPI data were acquired. RESULTS Simulation results show that interleaved binomial k T $$ {\mathrm{k}}_T $$ -points pulses achieve shorter total pulse durations, improved flip angle homogeneity and more robust fat suppression compared to available methods. Interleaved binomial k T $$ {\mathrm{k}}_T $$ -points can be customized by changing the number of k T $$ {\mathrm{k}}_T $$ -points, the subpulse duration and the order of the binomial pulse. Using shorter subpulses, the number of k T $$ {\mathrm{k}}_T $$ -points can be increased and hence better homogeneity is achieved, while still maintaining short total pulse durations. Flip angle homogenization and fat suppression of interleaved binomial k T $$ {\mathrm{k}}_T $$ -points pulses is demonstrated in vivo at 7T, confirming Bloch simulation results. CONCLUSION In this work, we present a time efficient and robust parallel transmission technique for nonselective water excitation with simultaneous flip angle homogenization at ultra-high field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Löwen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Tony Stöcker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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8
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Upadhyay N, Schörkmaier T, Maurer A, Claus J, Scheef L, Daamen M, Martin JA, Stirnberg R, Radbruch A, Attenberger U, Stöcker T, Boecker H. Regional cortical perfusion increases induced by a 6-month endurance training in young sedentary adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:951022. [PMID: 36034125 PMCID: PMC9407250 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.951022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity is documented as a health risk factor for chronic diseases, accelerated aging, and cognitive impairment. Physical exercise, on the other hand, plays an important role in healthy aging by promoting positive muscular, cardiovascular, and central nervous system adaptions. Prior studies on the effects of exercise training on cerebral perfusion have focused largely on elderly cohorts or patient cohorts, while perfusion effects of exercise training in young sedentary adults have not yet been fully assessed. Therefore, the present study examined the physiological consequence of a 6-month endurance exercise training on brain perfusion in 28 young sedentary adults randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG; regular physical exercise) or a control group (CG; without physical exercise). The IG performed an extensive running interval training three times per week over 6 months. Performance diagnostics and MRI were performed every 2 months, and training intensity was adapted individually. Brain perfusion measurements with pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling were analyzed using the standard Oxford ASL pipeline. A significant interaction effect between group and time was found for right superior temporal gyrus (STG) perfusion, driven by an increase in the IG and a decrease in the CG. Furthermore, a significant time effect was observed in the right middle occipital region in the IG only. Perfusion increases in the right STG, in the ventral striatum, and in primary motor areas were significantly associated with increases in maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). Overall, this study identified region-specific increases in local perfusion in a cohort of young adults that partly correlated with individual performance increases, hence, suggesting exercise dose dependency. Respective adaptations in brain perfusion are discussed in the context of physical exercise-induced vascular plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Upadhyay
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Angelika Maurer
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jannik Claus
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Scheef
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Daamen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jason A. Martin
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Radbruch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Attenberger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tony Stöcker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Henning Boecker
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- *Correspondence: Henning Boecker,
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9
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Wang D, Ehses P, Stöcker T, Stirnberg R. Reproducibility of rapid multi-parameter mapping at 3T and 7T with highly segmented and accelerated 3D-EPI. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:2217-2232. [PMID: 35877781 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantitative multi-parameter mapping (MPM) has been shown to provide good longitudinal and cross-sectional reproducibility for clinical research. Unfortunately, acquisition times (TAs) are typically infeasible for routine scanning at high resolutions. METHODS A fast whole-brain MPM protocol based on interleaved multi-shot 3D-EPI with controlled aliasing (SC-EPI) at 3T and 7T is proposed and compared with MPM using a standard spoiled gradient echo (FLASH) sequence. Four parameters (R1 , PD, R 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ , and MTsat) were measured in less than 3 min at 1 mm isotropic resolution. Five subjects went through the same scanning sessions twice at each scanner. The intra-subject coefficient of variation (scan-rescan) (CoV) was estimated for each protocol and scanner to assess the longitudinal reproducibility. RESULTS At 3T, the CoV of SC-EPI ranged between 1.2%-4.8% for PD and R1 , 2.8%-10.6% for R 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ and MTsat, which was comparable with FLASH (0.6%-4.9% for PD and R1 , 2.6%-11.3% for R 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ and MTsat). At 7T, where the SC-EPI TA was reduced to ∼2 min, the CoV of SC-EPI (1.4%-10.6% for PD, R1 , and R 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ ) was 1.2-2.4 times larger than the CoV of FLASH (1.0%-15%) and MTsat showed much higher variability across subjects. The SC-EPI-MPM protocol at 3T showed high reproducibility and yielded stable quantitative maps at a clinically feasible resolution and scan time, whereas at 7T, MT saturation homogeneity needs to be improved. CONCLUSION SC-EPI-based MPM is feasible as an additional MRI modality in clinical or population studies where the parameters offer great potential as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difei Wang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Ehses
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Tony Stöcker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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10
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Lohner V, Pehlivan G, Sanroma G, Miloschewski A, Schirmer MD, Stöcker T, Reuter M, Breteler MMB. The Relation Between Sex, Menopause, and White Matter Hyperintensities: The Rhineland Study. Neurology 2022; 99:e935-e943. [PMID: 35768207 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Mounting evidence implies that there are sex differences in white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden in the elderly. Questions remain regarding possible differences in WMH burden between men and women of younger age, sex-specific age trajectories and effects of (un)controlled hypertension, and the effect of menopause on WMH. Therefore, our aim is to investigate these sex differences and age-dependencies in WMH load across the adult life span, and to examine the effect of menopause. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis was based on participants of the population-based Rhineland Study (30 - 95 years) who underwent brain MRI. We automatically quantified WMH using T1-weighted, T2-weighted and FLAIR images. Menopausal status was self-reported. We examined associations of sex and menopause with WMH load (logit-transformed and z-standardised) using linear regression models, while adjusting for age, age-squared, and vascular risk factors. We checked for an age*sex and (un)controlled hypertension*sex interaction and stratified for menopausal status comparing men with premenopausal women (persons aged ≤ 59 years), men with postmenopausal women (persons aged ≥ 45 years), and pre- with postmenopausal women (age range 45 - 59 years). RESULTS Of 3410 participants with a mean age of 54.3 years (SD = 13.7), 1973 (57.9%) were women, of which 1167 (59.1%) were postmenopausal. We found that the increase in WMH load accelerates with age and in a sex-dependent way. Premenopausal women and men of similar age did not differ in WMH burden. WMH burden was higher and accelerated faster in postmenopausal women compared to men of similar age. Additionally, we observed changes related to menopause, in that postmenopausal women had more WMH than premenopausal women of similar age.. Women with uncontrolled hypertension had a higher WMH burden compared to men, which was unrelated to menopausal status. DISCUSSION After menopause, women displayed a higher burden of WMH than contemporary premenopausal women and men, and an accelerated increase in WMH. Sex-specific effects of uncontrolled hypertension on WMH were not related to menopause. Further studies are warranted to investigate menopause-related physiological changes, that may inform on causal mechanisms involved in cerebral small vessel disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Lohner
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Gökhan Pehlivan
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerard Sanroma
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne Miloschewski
- Statistics and Machine Learning, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus D Schirmer
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Clinic for Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Tony Stöcker
- MR Physics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Reuter
- Image Analysis, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Monique M B Breteler
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany .,Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
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11
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Effects of a 6-Month Aerobic Exercise Intervention on Mood and Amygdala Functional Plasticity in Young Untrained Subjects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106078. [PMID: 35627616 PMCID: PMC9140773 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Acute exercise has beneficial effects on mood and is known to induce modulations in functional connectivity (FC) within the emotional network. However, the long-term effects of exercise on affective brain circuits remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of 6 months of regular exercise on mood, amygdala structure, and functional connectivity. This study comprised N = 18 healthy sedentary subjects assigned to an intervention group (IG; 23.9 ± 3.9 years; 3 trainings/week) and N = 10 subjects assigned to a passive control group (CG; 23.7 ± 4.2 years). At baseline and every two months, performance diagnostics, mood questionnaires, and structural and resting-state-fMRI were conducted. Amygdala-nuclei segmentation and amygdala-to-whole-brain FC analysis were performed. Linear mixed effects models and correlation analyses were conducted between FC, relVO2max, and mood scores. Data showed increases in relVO2max exclusively in the IG. Stronger anticorrelation in amygdala-precuneus FC was found, along with a stronger positive correlation in the amygdala-temporal pole FC in the IG after 4 and 6 months, while mood and amygdala volume did not reveal significant interactions. The relVO2max/amygdala-temporal pole FC correlated positively, and the amygdala-precuneus/amygdala-temporal pole FC correlated negatively. Findings suggest that exercise induced long-term modulations of the amygdala FC with the precuneus and temporal pole, shedding light on potential mechanisms by which exercise has positive influences on mood-related networks, typically altered in affective disorders.
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12
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Lohner V, Enkirch SJ, Hattingen E, Stöcker T, Breteler MMB. Safety of Tattoos, Permanent Make-Up, and Medical Implants in Population-Based 3T Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging: The Rhineland Study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:795573. [PMID: 35392639 PMCID: PMC8980837 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.795573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excluding persons from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research studies based on their medical history or because they have tattoos, can create bias and compromise the validity and generalizability of study results. In the population-based Rhineland Study, we limited exclusion criteria for MRI and allowed participants with passive medical implants, tattoos or permanent make-up to undergo MRI. Thereby, we could include 16.6% more people than would have been possible based on common recommendations. We observed no adverse events or artifacts. This supports that most passive medical implants, tattoos and permanent make-up are MRI suitable and can be scanned in research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Lohner
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon J. Enkirch
- Clinic for Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elke Hattingen
- Clinic for Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tony Stöcker
- MR Physics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Monique M. B. Breteler
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- *Correspondence: Monique M. B. Breteler
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13
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Mauschitz MM, Lohner V, Koch A, Stöcker T, Reuter M, Holz FG, Finger RP, Breteler MMB. Retinal layer assessments as potential biomarkers for brain atrophy in the Rhineland Study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2757. [PMID: 35177781 PMCID: PMC8854401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06821-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal assessments have been discussed as biomarkers for brain atrophy. However, available studies did not investigate all retinal layers due to older technology, reported inconsistent results, or were based on small sample sizes. We included 2872 eligible participants of the Rhineland Study with data on spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We used multiple linear regression to examine relationships between retinal measurements and volumetric brain measures as well as fractional anisotropy (FA) as measure of microstructural integrity of white matter (WM) for different brain regions. Mean (SD) age was 53.8 ± 13.2 years (range 30-94) and 57% were women. Volumes of the inner retina were associated with total brain and grey matter (GM) volume, and even stronger with WM volume and FA. In contrast, the outer retina was mainly associated with GM volume, while both, inner and outer retina, were associated with hippocampus volume. While we extend previously reported associations between the inner retina and brain measures, we found additional associations of the outer retina with parts of the brain. This indicates that easily accessible retinal SD-OCT assessments may serve as biomarkers for clinical monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases and merit further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias M. Mauschitz
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Valerie Lohner
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandra Koch
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tony Stöcker
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426MR Physics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany ,grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Reuter
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426Image Analysis, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank G. Holz
- grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert P. Finger
- grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Monique M. B. Breteler
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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14
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Arefeen Y, Beker O, Cho J, Yu H, Adalsteinsson E, Bilgic B. Scan-specific artifact reduction in k-space (SPARK) neural networks synergize with physics-based reconstruction to accelerate MRI. Magn Reson Med 2022; 87:764-780. [PMID: 34601751 PMCID: PMC8627503 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a scan-specific model that estimates and corrects k-space errors made when reconstructing accelerated MRI data. METHODS Scan-specific artifact reduction in k-space (SPARK) trains a convolutional-neural-network to estimate and correct k-space errors made by an input reconstruction technique by back-propagating from the mean-squared-error loss between an auto-calibration signal (ACS) and the input technique's reconstructed ACS. First, SPARK is applied to generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA) and demonstrates improved robustness over other scan-specific models, such as robust artificial-neural-networks for k-space interpolation (RAKI) and residual-RAKI. Subsequent experiments demonstrate that SPARK synergizes with residual-RAKI to improve reconstruction performance. SPARK also improves reconstruction quality when applied to advanced acquisition and reconstruction techniques like 2D virtual coil (VC-) GRAPPA, 2D LORAKS, 3D GRAPPA without an integrated ACS region, and 2D/3D wave-encoded imaging. RESULTS SPARK yields SSIM improvement and 1.5 - 2× root mean squared error (RMSE) reduction when applied to GRAPPA and improves robustness to ACS size for various acceleration rates in comparison to other scan-specific techniques. When applied to advanced reconstruction techniques such as residual-RAKI, 2D VC-GRAPPA and LORAKS, SPARK achieves up to 20% RMSE improvement. SPARK with 3D GRAPPA also improves RMSE performance by ~2×, SSIM performance, and perceived image quality without a fully sampled ACS region. Finally, SPARK synergizes with non-Cartesian, 2D and 3D wave-encoding imaging by reducing RMSE between 20% and 25% and providing qualitative improvements. CONCLUSION SPARK synergizes with physics-based acquisition and reconstruction techniques to improve accelerated MRI by training scan-specific models to estimate and correct reconstruction errors in k-space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Arefeen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Onur Beker
- Computer and Communication Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jaejin Cho
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Heng Yu
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Elfar Adalsteinsson
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Berkin Bilgic
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Lohner V, Lu R, Enkirch SJ, Stöcker T, Hattingen E, Breteler MMB. Incidental findings on 3 T neuroimaging: cross-sectional observations from the population-based Rhineland Study. Neuroradiology 2021; 64:503-512. [PMID: 34842946 PMCID: PMC8850254 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-021-02852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Development of best practices for dealing with incidental findings on neuroimaging requires insight in their frequency and clinical relevance. Methods Here, we delineate prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals and clinical management of incidental findings, based on the first 3589 participants of the population-based Rhineland Study (age range 30–95 years) who underwent 3 Tesla structural neuroimaging (3D, 0.8 mm3 isotropic resolution). Two trained raters independently assessed all scans for abnormalities, with confirmation and adjudication where needed by neuroradiologists. Participants were referred for diagnostic work-up depending on the potential benefit. Results Of 3589 participants (mean age 55 ± 14 years, 2072 women), 867 had at least one possible incidental finding (24.2%). Most common were pituitary abnormalities (12.3%), arachnoid cysts (4.1%), developmental venous anomalies (2.5%), non-acute infarcts (1.8%), cavernomas (1.0%), and meningiomas (0.7%). Forty-six participants were informed about their findings, which was hitherto unknown in 40 of them (1.1%). Of these, in 19 participants (48%), a wait-and-see policy was applied and nine (23%) received treatment, while lesions in the remainder were benign, could not be confirmed, or the participant refused to inform us about their clinical diagnosis. Conclusion Nearly one-quarter of participants had an incidental finding, but only 5% of those required referral, that mostly remained without direct clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Lohner
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ran Lu
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon J Enkirch
- Clinic for Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tony Stöcker
- MR Physics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elke Hattingen
- Clinic for Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Monique M B Breteler
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany. .,Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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16
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Ineichen BV, Beck ES, Piccirelli M, Reich DS. New Prospects for Ultra-High-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis. Invest Radiol 2021; 56:773-784. [PMID: 34120128 PMCID: PMC8505164 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT There is growing interest in imaging multiple sclerosis (MS) through the ultra-high-field (UHF) lens, which currently means a static magnetic field strength of 7 T or higher. Because of higher signal-to-noise ratio and enhanced susceptibility effects, UHF magnetic resonance imaging improves conspicuity of MS pathological hallmarks, among them cortical demyelination and the central vein sign. This could, in turn, improve confidence in MS diagnosis and might also facilitate therapeutic monitoring of MS patients. Furthermore, UHF imaging offers unique insight into iron-related pathology, leptomeningeal inflammation, and spinal cord pathologies in neuroinflammation. Yet, limitations such as the longer scanning times to achieve improved resolution and incipient safety data on implanted medical devices need to be considered. In this review, we discuss applications of UHF imaging in MS, its advantages and limitations, and practical aspects of UHF in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin V. Ineichen
- From the Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erin S. Beck
- From the Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Marco Piccirelli
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel S. Reich
- From the Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Lu R, Aziz NA, Reuter M, Stöcker T, Breteler MMB. Evaluation of the Neuroanatomical Basis of Olfactory Dysfunction in the General Population. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 147:855-863. [PMID: 34436517 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2021.2026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Importance Olfactory dysfunction is a prodromal manifestation of many neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer and Parkinson disease. However, its neuroanatomical basis is largely unknown. Objective To assess the association between olfactory brain structures and olfactory function in adults 30 years or older and to examine the extent to which olfactory bulb volume (OBV) mediates the association between central olfactory structures and olfactory function. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study analyzed baseline data from the first 639 participants with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the Rhineland Study, an ongoing population-based cohort study in Bonn, Germany. Participants were enrolled between March 7, 2016, and October 31, 2017, and underwent brain MRI and olfactory assessment. Data were analyzed from March 1, 2018, to June 30, 2021. Exposure Volumetric measures were derived from 3-T MRI T1-weighted brain scans, and OBV was manually segmented on T2-weighted images. The mean volumetric brain measures from the right and left sides were calculated, adjusted by head size, and normalized to all participants. Main Outcomes and Measures Performance on the 12-item smell identification test (SIT-12) was used as a proxy for olfactory function. Results A total of 541 participants with complete data on MRI-derived measures and SIT-12 scores were included. This population had a mean (SD) age of 53.6 (13.1) years and comprised 306 women (56.6%). Increasing age (difference in SIT-12 score, -0.04; 95% CI, -0.05 to -0.03), male sex (-0.26; 95% CI, -0.54 to 0.02), and nasal congestion (-0.28; 95% CI, -0.66 to 0.09) were associated with worse olfactory function (SIT-12 scores). Conversely, larger OBV was associated with better olfactory function (difference in SIT-12 score, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.29-0.64). Larger volumes of amygdala (difference in OBV, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.01-0.24), hippocampus (0.16; 95% CI, 0.04-0.28), insular cortex (0.12; 95% CI, 0.01-0.24), and medial orbitofrontal cortex (0.10; 95% CI, 0.00-0.20) were associated with larger OBV. Larger volumes of amygdala (volume × age interaction effect, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.03-0.30), parahippocampal cortex (0.17; 95% CI, 0.03-0.31), and hippocampus (0.21; 95% CI, 0.08-0.35) were associated with better olfactory function only in older age groups. The age-modified association between volumes of central olfactory structures and olfactory function was largely mediated through OBV. Conclusions and Relevance This cross-sectional study found that olfactory bulb volume was independently associated with odor identification function and was a robust mediator of the age-dependent association between volumes of central olfactory structures and olfactory function. Thus, neurodegeneration-associated olfactory dysfunction may primarily originate from the pathology of peripheral olfactory structures, suggesting that OBV may serve as a preclinical marker for the identification of individuals who are at an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Lu
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - N Ahmad Aziz
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Reuter
- Image Analysis, DZNE, Bonn, Germany.,A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tony Stöcker
- MR Physics, DZNE, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Monique M B Breteler
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Purrer V, Upadhyay N, Borger V, Pieper CC, Kindler C, Grötz S, Keil VC, Stöcker T, Boecker H, Wüllner U. Lesions of the cerebello-thalamic tract rather than the ventral intermediate nucleus determine the outcome of focused ultrasound therapy in essential tremor: A 3T and 7T MRI-study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 91:105-108. [PMID: 34562715 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (VIM) is an important relay station receiving cerebellar and pallidal fiber tracts. Data on structural visualization of the VIM however is limited and uncertainty prevails to what extent lesional approaches to treat tremor affect the VIM itself or passing tracts. The aim of the study was to analyze the localization of individual lesions with respect to the VIM and the cerebello-thalamic tract (CTT). METHODS We employed ultrahigh resolution (7 Tesla) MRI to delineate the VIM and performed 3 T-DTI-imaging pre- and post-interventional in seven ET patients undergoing transcranial magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound (tcMRgFUS). Tremor improvement was measured using a modified subscore of the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor. RESULTS All subjects showed substantial tremor improvement (88.5%, range 80.7%-94,8%) after tcMRgFUS. We found only a minor overlap of the lesions with the VIM (4%, range 1%-7%) but a larger overlap with the CTT (43%, range 23%-60%) in all subjects. CONCLUSIONS Lesions within the CTT rather than the VIM seem to drive the tremorlytic response and clinical improvement in tcMRgFUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Purrer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; German Centre of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
| | - Neeraj Upadhyay
- German Centre of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Valeri Borger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Claus Christian Pieper
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine Kindler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; German Centre of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon Grötz
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Vera Catharina Keil
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Department of Radiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tony Stöcker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Henning Boecker
- German Centre of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Ullrich Wüllner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; German Centre of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
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19
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Schulze M, Aslan B, Stöcker T, Stirnberg R, Lux S, Philipsen A. Disentangling early versus late audiovisual integration in adult ADHD: a combined behavioural and resting-state connectivity study. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E528-E537. [PMID: 34548387 PMCID: PMC8526154 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.210017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies investigating sensory processing in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have shown altered visual and auditory processing. However, evidence is lacking for audiovisual interplay - namely, multisensory integration. As well, neuronal dysregulation at rest (e.g., aberrant within- or between-network functional connectivity) may account for difficulties with integration across the senses in ADHD. We investigated whether sensory processing was altered at the multimodal level in adult ADHD and included resting-state functional connectivity to illustrate a possible overlap between deficient network connectivity and the ability to integrate stimuli. METHODS We tested 25 patients with ADHD and 24 healthy controls using 2 illusionary paradigms: the sound-induced flash illusion and the McGurk illusion. We applied the Mann-Whitney U test to assess statistical differences between groups. We acquired resting-state functional MRIs on a 3.0 T Siemens magnetic resonance scanner, using a highly accelerated 3-dimensional echo planar imaging sequence. RESULTS For the sound-induced flash illusion, susceptibility and reaction time were not different between the 2 groups. For the McGurk illusion, susceptibility was significantly lower for patients with ADHD, and reaction times were significantly longer. At a neuronal level, resting-state functional connectivity in the ADHD group was more highly regulated in polymodal regions that play a role in binding unimodal sensory inputs from different modalities and enabling sensory-to-cognition integration. LIMITATIONS We did not explicitly screen for autism spectrum disorder, which has high rates of comorbidity with ADHD and also involves impairments in multisensory integration. Although the patients were carefully screened by our outpatient department, we could not rule out the possibility of autism spectrum disorder in some participants. CONCLUSION Unimodal hypersensitivity seems to have no influence on the integration of basal stimuli, but it might have negative consequences for the multisensory integration of complex stimuli. This finding was supported by observations of higher resting-state functional connectivity between unimodal sensory areas and polymodal multisensory integration convergence zones for complex stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Schulze
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Schulze, Aslan, Lux, Philipsen); Biopsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany (Schulze); the German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (Stöcker, Stirnberg); and the Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Stöcker)
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20
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Lu R, Aziz NA, Diers K, Stöcker T, Reuter M, Breteler MMB. Insulin resistance accounts for metabolic syndrome-related alterations in brain structure. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:2434-2444. [PMID: 33769661 PMCID: PMC8090787 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major public health burden worldwide and associated with brain abnormalities. Although insulin resistance is considered a pivotal feature of MetS, its role in the pathogenesis of MetS‐related brain alterations in the general population is unclear. Therefore, in 973 participants (mean age 52.5 years) of the population‐based Rhineland Study, we assessed brain morphology in relation to MetS and insulin resistance, and evaluated to what extent the pattern of structural brain changes seen in MetS overlap with those associated with insulin resistance. Cortical reconstruction and volumetric segmentation were obtained from high‐resolution brain images at 3 Tesla using FreeSurfer. The relations between metabolic measures and brain structure were assessed through (generalized) linear models. Both MetS and insulin resistance were associated with smaller cortical gray matter volume and thickness, but not with white matter or subcortical gray matter volume. Age‐ and sex‐adjusted vertex‐based brain morphometry demonstrated that MetS and insulin resistance were related to cortical thinning in a similar spatial pattern. Importantly, no independent effect of MetS on cortical gray matter was observed beyond the effect of insulin resistance. Our findings suggest that addressing insulin resistance is critical in the prevention of MetS‐related brain changes in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Lu
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - N Ahmad Aziz
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kersten Diers
- Image Analysis, German Center for Neurodegenerative diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Tony Stöcker
- MR Physics, German Center for Neurodegenerative diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Reuter
- Image Analysis, German Center for Neurodegenerative diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Monique M B Breteler
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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21
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Tobisch A, Stirnberg R, Harms RL, Schultz T, Roebroeck A, Breteler MMB, Stöcker T. Compressed Sensing Diffusion Spectrum Imaging for Accelerated Diffusion Microstructure MRI in Long-Term Population Imaging. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:650. [PMID: 30319336 PMCID: PMC6165908 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mapping non-invasively the complex microstructural architecture of the living human brain, diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is one of the core imaging modalities in current population studies. For the application in longitudinal population imaging, the dMRI protocol should deliver reliable data with maximum potential for future analysis. With the recent introduction of novel MRI hardware, advanced dMRI acquisition strategies can be applied within reasonable scan time. In this work we conducted a pilot study based on the requirements for high resolution dMRI in a long-term and high throughput population study. The key question was: can diffusion spectrum imaging accelerated by compressed sensing theory (CS-DSI) be used as an advanced imaging protocol for microstructure dMRI in a long-term population imaging study? As a minimum requirement we expected a high level of agreement of several diffusion metrics derived from both CS-DSI and a 3-shell high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) acquisition, an established imaging strategy used in other population studies. A wide spectrum of state-of-the-art diffusion processing and analysis techniques was applied to the pilot study data including quantitative diffusion and microstructural parameter mapping, fiber orientation estimation and white matter fiber tracking. When considering diffusion weighted images up to the same maximum diffusion weighting for both protocols, group analysis across 20 subjects indicates that CS-DSI performs comparable to 3-shell HARDI in the estimation of diffusion and microstructural parameters. Further, both protocols provide similar results in the estimation of fiber orientations and for local fiber tracking. CS-DSI provides high radial resolution while maintaining high angular resolution and it is well-suited for analysis strategies that require high b-value acquisitions, such as CHARMED modeling and biomarkers from the diffusion propagator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Computer Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Robbert L Harms
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Schultz
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alard Roebroeck
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Monique M B Breteler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tony Stöcker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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22
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Bilgic B, Kim TH, Liao C, Manhard MK, Wald LL, Haldar JP, Setsompop K. Improving parallel imaging by jointly reconstructing multi-contrast data. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:619-632. [PMID: 29322551 PMCID: PMC5910232 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop parallel imaging techniques that simultaneously exploit coil sensitivity encoding, image phase prior information, similarities across multiple images, and complementary k-space sampling for highly accelerated data acquisition. METHODS We introduce joint virtual coil (JVC)-generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA) to jointly reconstruct data acquired with different contrast preparations, and show its application in 2D, 3D, and simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) acquisitions. We extend the joint parallel imaging concept to exploit limited support and smooth phase constraints through Joint (J-) LORAKS formulation. J-LORAKS allows joint parallel imaging from limited autocalibration signal region, as well as permitting partial Fourier sampling and calibrationless reconstruction. RESULTS We demonstrate highly accelerated 2D balanced steady-state free precession with phase cycling, SMS multi-echo spin echo, 3D multi-echo magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo, and multi-echo gradient recalled echo acquisitions in vivo. Compared to conventional GRAPPA, proposed joint acquisition/reconstruction techniques provide more than 2-fold reduction in reconstruction error. CONCLUSION JVC-GRAPPA takes advantage of additional spatial encoding from phase information and image similarity, and employs different sampling patterns across acquisitions. J-LORAKS achieves a more parsimonious low-rank representation of local k-space by considering multiple images as additional coils. Both approaches provide dramatic improvement in artifact and noise mitigation over conventional single-contrast parallel imaging reconstruction. Magn Reson Med 80:619-632, 2018. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkin Bilgic
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tae Hyung Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Signal and Image Processing Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Congyu Liao
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mary Kate Manhard
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lawrence L. Wald
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Justin P. Haldar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Signal and Image Processing Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kawin Setsompop
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
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23
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Sati P. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis through the lens of ultra-high-field MRI. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 291:101-109. [PMID: 29705032 PMCID: PMC6022748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The long-standing relationship between ultra-high-field (7 T) MRI and multiple sclerosis (MS) has brought new insights to our understanding of lesion evolution and its associated pathology. With the recent FDA approval of a commercially available scanner, 7 T MRI is finally entering the clinic with great expectations about its potential added value. By looking through the prism of MS diagnosis, this perspective article discusses current limitations and prospects of 7 T MRI techniques relevant to helping clinicians diagnose patients encountered in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Sati
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive MSC 1400, Building 10 Room 5C103, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
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24
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Schwarz JM, Pracht ED, Brenner D, Reuter M, Stöcker T. GRAPPA reconstructed wave-CAIPI MP-RAGE at 7 Tesla. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:2427-2438. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Brenner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Bonn Germany
| | - Martin Reuter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Bonn Germany
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging; Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Charlestown Massachusetts
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Tony Stöcker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Bonn Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Bonn; Germany
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25
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Stirnberg R, Huijbers W, Brenner D, Poser BA, Breteler M, Stöcker T. Rapid whole-brain resting-state fMRI at 3 T: Efficiency-optimized three-dimensional EPI versus repetition time-matched simultaneous-multi-slice EPI. Neuroimage 2017; 163:81-92. [PMID: 28923276 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
State-of-the-art simultaneous-multi-slice (SMS-)EPI and 3D-EPI share several properties that benefit functional MRI acquisition. Both sequences employ equivalent parallel imaging undersampling with controlled aliasing to achieve high temporal sampling rates. As a volumetric imaging sequence, 3D-EPI offers additional means of acceleration complementary to 2D-CAIPIRINHA sampling, such as fast water excitation and elliptical sampling. We performed an application-oriented comparison between a tailored, six-fold CAIPIRINHA-accelerated 3D-EPI protocol at 530 ms temporal and 2.4 mm isotropic spatial resolution and an SMS-EPI protocol with identical spatial and temporal resolution for whole-brain resting-state fMRI at 3 T. The latter required eight-fold slice acceleration to compensate for the lack of elliptical sampling and fast water excitation. Both sequences used vendor-supplied on-line image reconstruction. We acquired test/retest resting-state fMRI scans in ten volunteers, with simultaneous acquisition of cardiac and respiration data, subsequently used for optional physiological noise removal (nuisance regression). We found that the 3D-EPI protocol has significantly increased temporal signal-to-noise ratio throughout the brain as compared to the SMS-EPI protocol, especially when employing motion and nuisance regression. Both sequence types reliably identified known functional networks with stronger functional connectivity values for the 3D-EPI protocol. We conclude that the more time-efficient 3D-EPI primarily benefits from reduced parallel imaging noise due to a higher, actual k-space sampling density compared to SMS-EPI. The resultant BOLD sensitivity increase makes 3D-EPI a valuable alternative to SMS-EPI for whole-brain fMRI at 3 T, with voxel sizes well below 3 mm isotropic and sampling rates high enough to separate dominant cardiac signals from BOLD signals in the frequency domain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Willem Huijbers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Jheronimus Academy of Data Science, Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Brenner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Benedikt A Poser
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Breteler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Tony Stöcker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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26
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Hilbert T, Nguyen D, Thiran J, Krueger G, Kober T, Bieri O. True constructive interference in the steady state (trueCISS). Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:1901-1910. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Hilbert
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology (HC CEMEA SUI DI PI), Siemens Healthcare AGLausanne Switzerland
- LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne Switzerland
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Hospital (CHUV)Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Damien Nguyen
- Division of Radiological PhysicsDepartment of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, University of BaselBasel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of BaselBasel Switzerland
| | - Jean‐Philippe Thiran
- LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne Switzerland
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Hospital (CHUV)Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Gunnar Krueger
- LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne Switzerland
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Hospital (CHUV)Lausanne Switzerland
- Siemens Medical Solutions USABoston Massachusetts USA
| | - Tobias Kober
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology (HC CEMEA SUI DI PI), Siemens Healthcare AGLausanne Switzerland
- LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne Switzerland
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Hospital (CHUV)Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Oliver Bieri
- Division of Radiological PhysicsDepartment of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, University of BaselBasel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of BaselBasel Switzerland
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27
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Bilgic B, Ye H, Wald LL, Setsompop K. Simultaneous Time Interleaved MultiSlice (STIMS) for Rapid Susceptibility Weighted acquisition. Neuroimage 2017; 155:577-586. [PMID: 28435102 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
T2* weighted 3D Gradient Echo (GRE) acquisition is the main sequence used for Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI) and Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM). These applications require a long echo time (TE) to build up phase contrast, requiring a long repetition time (TR), and leading to excessively lengthy scans. The long TE acquisition creates a significant amount of unused time within each TR, which can be utilized for either multi-echo sampling or additional image encoding with the echo-shift technique. The latter leads to significant saving in acquisition time while retaining the desired phase and T2* contrast. In this work, we introduce the Simultaneous Time Interleaved MultiSlice (STIMS) echo-shift technique, which mitigates slab boundary artifacts by interleaving comb-shaped slice groups with Simultaneous MultiSlice (SMS) excitation. This enjoys the same SNR benefit of 3D signal averaging as previously introduced multi-slab version, where each slab group is sub-resolved with kz phase encoding. Further, we combine SMS echo-shift with Compressed Sensing (CS) Wave acceleration, which enhances Wave-CAIPI acquisition/reconstruction with random undersampling and sparsity prior. STIMS and CS-Wave combination thus yields up to 45-fold acceleration over conventional full encoding, allowing a 15sec full-brain acquisition with 1.5 mm isotropic resolution at long TE of 39 ms at 3T. In addition to utilizing empty sequence time due to long TE, STIMS is a general concept that could exploit gaps due to e.g. inversion modules in magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MPRAGE) and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkin Bilgic
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Huihui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lawrence L Wald
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kawin Setsompop
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
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28
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Polak D, Setsompop K, Cauley SF, Gagoski BA, Bhat H, Maier F, Bachert P, Wald LL, Bilgic B. Wave-CAIPI for highly accelerated MP-RAGE imaging. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:401-406. [PMID: 28220617 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To introduce a highly accelerated T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (MP-RAGE) acquisition that uses wave-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (wave-CAIPI) encoding to retain high image quality. METHODS Significant acceleration of the MP-RAGE sequence is demonstrated using the wave-CAIPI technique. Here, sinusoidal waveforms are used to spread aliasing in all three directions to improve the g-factor. Combined with a rapid (2 s) coil sensitivity acquisition and data-driven trajectory calibration, we propose an online integrated acquisition-reconstruction pipeline for highly efficient MP-RAGE imaging. RESULTS The 9-fold accelerated MP-RAGE acquisition can be performed in 71 s, with a maximum and average g-factor of gmax = 1.27 and gavg = 1.06 at 3T. Compared with the state-of-the-art method controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration (2D-CAIPIRINHA), this is a factor of 4.6/1.4 improvement in gmax /gavg . In addition, we demonstrate a 57 s acquisition at 7T with 12-fold acceleration. This acquisition has a g-factor performance of gmax = 1.15 and gavg = 1.04. CONCLUSION Wave encoding overcomes the g-factor noise amplification penalty and allows for an order of magnitude acceleration of MP-RAGE acquisitions. Magn Reson Med 79:401-406, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Polak
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kawin Setsompop
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen F Cauley
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Borjan A Gagoski
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Himanshu Bhat
- Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Florian Maier
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lawrence L Wald
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Berkin Bilgic
- Department of Radiology, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Shin W, Shin T, Oh SH, Lowe MJ. CNR improvement of MP2RAGE from slice encoding directional acceleration. Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 34:779-784. [PMID: 26979541 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE While MP2RAGE shows the potential to generate B1 insensitive T1 contrast, the long TR of MP2RAGE (≥6s at 7T) is essential to provide the large dynamic range of apparent T1 relaxation for dual inversion time acquisitions. We present a 2 direction (2D) accelerated MP2RAGE, which provides an increased flip angle while maintaining similar dynamic recovery as 1D accelerated MP2RAGE. METHOD Simulations were conducted to optimize 2D accelerated MP2RAGE parameters and healthy subjects were scanned with 1D and 2D accelerated MP2RAGE at 7T. Images were compared visually and contrast to noise (CNR) between brain tissues was measured. RESULT Simulations showed that CNR is primarly determined by the TR, followed by the number of the first partition encoding steps in MP2RAGE. Keeping TR constant, a smaller number of partition encoding steps increases the achievable maximal CNR. In-vivo 2D MP2RAGE improves CNR between white and gray matters by 9% when compared to 1D accelerated MP2RAGE with identical voxel size. CONCLUSION We presented 2D accelated MP2RAGE at 7T with the increased flip angle. We show that this leads to CNR improvement, and consequently a reduction of scan time to be compared to 1D accelerated MP2RAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyong Shin
- Radiology department, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Taehoon Shin
- Radiology department, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Se-Hong Oh
- Radiology department, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Mark J Lowe
- Radiology department, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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30
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Falkovskiy P, Brenner D, Feiweier T, Kannengiesser S, Maréchal B, Kober T, Roche A, Thostenson K, Meuli R, Reyes D, Stoecker T, Bernstein MA, Thiran JP, Krueger G. Comparison of accelerated T1-weighted whole-brain structural-imaging protocols. Neuroimage 2015; 124:157-167. [PMID: 26297848 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging in neuroscience, clinical research and pharmaceutical trials often employs the 3D magnetisation-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MPRAGE) sequence to obtain structural T1-weighted images with high spatial resolution of the human brain. Typical research and clinical routine MPRAGE protocols with ~1mm isotropic resolution require data acquisition time in the range of 5-10min and often use only moderate two-fold acceleration factor for parallel imaging. Recent advances in MRI hardware and acquisition methodology promise improved leverage of the MR signal and more benign artefact properties in particular when employing increased acceleration factors in clinical routine and research. In this study, we examined four variants of a four-fold-accelerated MPRAGE protocol (2D-GRAPPA, CAIPIRINHA, CAIPIRINHA elliptical, and segmented MPRAGE) and compared clinical readings, basic image quality metrics (SNR, CNR), and automated brain tissue segmentation for morphological assessments of brain structures. The results were benchmarked against a widely-used two-fold-accelerated 3T ADNI MPRAGE protocol that served as reference in this study. 22 healthy subjects (age=20-44yrs.) were imaged with all MPRAGE variants in a single session. An experienced reader rated all images of clinically useful image quality. CAIPIRINHA MPRAGE scans were perceived on average to be of identical value for reading as the reference ADNI-2 protocol. SNR and CNR measurements exhibited the theoretically expected performance at the four-fold acceleration. The results of this study demonstrate that the four-fold accelerated protocols introduce systematic biases in the segmentation results of some brain structures compared to the reference ADNI-2 protocol. Furthermore, results suggest that the increased noise levels in the accelerated protocols play an important role in introducing these biases, at least under the present study conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Falkovskiy
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare IM BM PI, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel Brenner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Bénédicte Maréchal
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare IM BM PI, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kober
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare IM BM PI, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexis Roche
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare IM BM PI, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kaely Thostenson
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Radiology, MN, Rochester, United States
| | - Reto Meuli
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denise Reyes
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Radiology, MN, Rochester, United States
| | - Tony Stoecker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Matt A Bernstein
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Radiology, MN, Rochester, United States
| | - Jean-Philippe Thiran
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gunnar Krueger
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Boston, MA, USA
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