1
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Guelfi S, Hodivala-Dilke K, Bergers G. Targeting the tumour vasculature: from vessel destruction to promotion. Nat Rev Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41568-024-00736-0. [PMID: 39210063 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00736-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
As angiogenesis was recognized as a core hallmark of cancer growth and survival, several strategies have been implemented to target the tumour vasculature. Yet to date, attempts have rarely been so diverse, ranging from vessel growth inhibition and destruction to vessel normalization, reprogramming and vessel growth promotion. Some of these strategies, combined with standard of care, have translated into improved cancer therapies, but their successes are constrained to certain cancer types. This Review provides an overview of these vascular targeting approaches and puts them into context based on our subsequent improved understanding of the tumour vasculature as an integral part of the tumour microenvironment with which it is functionally interlinked. This new knowledge has already led to dual targeting of the vascular and immune cell compartments and sets the scene for future investigations of possible alternative approaches that consider the vascular link with other tumour microenvironment components for improved cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Guelfi
- Department of Oncology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kairbaan Hodivala-Dilke
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK.
| | - Gabriele Bergers
- Department of Oncology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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2
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Rahmati N, Maftoon N. Computational analysis of cancer cell adhesion in curved vessels affected by wall shear stress for prediction of metastatic spreading. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1393413. [PMID: 38860135 PMCID: PMC11163055 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1393413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The dynamics of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) within blood vessels play a pivotal role in predicting metastatic spreading of cancer within the body. However, the limited understanding and method to quantitatively investigate the influence of vascular architecture on CTC dynamics hinders our ability to predict metastatic process effectively. To address this limitation, the present study was conducted to investigate the influence of blood vessel tortuosity on the behaviour of CTCs, focusing specifically on establishing methods and examining the role of shear stress in CTC-vessel wall interactions and its subsequent impact on metastasis. Methods: We computationally simulated CTC behaviour under various shear stress conditions induced by vessel tortuosity. Our computational model, based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and a coarse-grained spectrin-link membrane model, efficiently simulates blood plasma dynamics and CTC deformability. The model incorporates fluid-structure interactions and receptor-ligand interactions crucial for CTC adhesion using the immersed boundary method (IBM). Results: Our findings reveal that uniform shear stress in straight vessels leads to predictable CTC-vessel interactions, whereas in curved vessels, asymmetrical flow patterns and altered shear stress create distinct adhesion dynamics, potentially influencing CTC extravasation. Quantitative analysis shows a 25% decrease in the wall shear stress in low-shear regions and a 58.5% increase in the high-shear region. We observed high-shear regions in curved vessels to be potential sites for increased CTC adhesion and extravasation, facilitated by elevated endothelial expression of adhesion molecules. This phenomenon correlates with the increased number of adhesion bonds, which rises to approximately 40 in high-shear regions, compared to around 12 for straight vessels and approximately 5-6 in low-shear regions. The findings also indicate an optimal cellular stiffness necessary for successful CTC extravasation in curved vessels. Discussion: By the quantitative assessment of the risk of CTC extravasation as a function of vessel tortuosity, our study offers a novel tool for the prediction of metastasis risk to support the development of personalized therapeutic interventions based on individual vascular characteristics and tumor cell properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Rahmati
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Nima Maftoon
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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3
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Li Y, Shteyman DB, Hachem Z, Ulay AA, Fan J, Fu BM. Heparan Sulfate Modulation Affects Breast Cancer Cell Adhesion and Transmigration across In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier. Cells 2024; 13:190. [PMID: 38275815 PMCID: PMC10813861 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The disruption of endothelial heparan sulfate (HS) is an early event in tumor cell metastasis across vascular barriers, and the reinforcement of endothelial HS reduces tumor cell adhesion to endothelium. Our recent study showed that while vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) greatly reduces HS at an in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) formed by human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMECs), it significantly enhances HS on a breast cancer cell, MDA-MB-231 (MB231). Here, we tested that this differential effect of VEGF on the HS favors MB231 adhesion and transmigration. We also tested if agents that enhance endothelial HS may affect the HS of MB231 and reduce its adhesion and transmigration. To test these hypotheses, we generated an in vitro BBB by culturing hCMECs on either a glass-bottom dish or a Transwell filter. We first quantified the HS of the BBB and MB231 after treatment with VEGF and endothelial HS-enhancing agents and then quantified the adhesion and transmigration of MB231 across the BBB after pretreatment with these agents. Our results demonstrated that the reduced/enhanced BBB HS and enhanced/reduced MB231 HS increase/decrease MB231 adhesion to and transmigration across the BBB. Our findings suggest a therapeutic intervention by targeting the HS-mediated breast cancer brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; (Y.L.); (D.B.S.); (A.A.U.)
| | - David B. Shteyman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; (Y.L.); (D.B.S.); (A.A.U.)
| | - Zeina Hachem
- Department of Natural Sciences, CASL, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA; (Z.H.); (J.F.)
| | - Afaf A. Ulay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; (Y.L.); (D.B.S.); (A.A.U.)
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Natural Sciences, CASL, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA; (Z.H.); (J.F.)
| | - Bingmei M. Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; (Y.L.); (D.B.S.); (A.A.U.)
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4
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Carrera-Aguado I, Marcos-Zazo L, Carrancio-Salán P, Guerra-Paes E, Sánchez-Juanes F, Muñoz-Félix JM. The Inhibition of Vessel Co-Option as an Emerging Strategy for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:921. [PMID: 38255995 PMCID: PMC10815934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Vessel co-option (VCO) is a non-angiogenic mechanism of vascularization that has been associated to anti-angiogenic therapy. In VCO, cancer cells hijack the pre-existing blood vessels and use them to obtain oxygen and nutrients and invade adjacent tissue. Multiple primary tumors and metastases undergo VCO in highly vascularized tissues such as the lungs, liver or brain. VCO has been associated with a worse prognosis. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that undergo VCO are poorly understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that co-opted vessels show a quiescent phenotype in contrast to angiogenic tumor blood vessels. On the other hand, it is believed that during VCO, cancer cells are adhered to basement membrane from pre-existing blood vessels by using integrins, show enhanced motility and a mesenchymal phenotype. Other components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) such as extracellular matrix, immune cells or extracellular vesicles play important roles in vessel co-option maintenance. There are no strategies to inhibit VCO, and thus, to eliminate resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. This review summarizes all the molecular mechanisms involved in vessel co-option analyzing the possible therapeutic strategies to inhibit this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Carrera-Aguado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.C.-A.); (L.M.-Z.); (P.C.-S.); (E.G.-P.); (F.S.-J.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura Marcos-Zazo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.C.-A.); (L.M.-Z.); (P.C.-S.); (E.G.-P.); (F.S.-J.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Patricia Carrancio-Salán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.C.-A.); (L.M.-Z.); (P.C.-S.); (E.G.-P.); (F.S.-J.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elena Guerra-Paes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.C.-A.); (L.M.-Z.); (P.C.-S.); (E.G.-P.); (F.S.-J.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Juanes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.C.-A.); (L.M.-Z.); (P.C.-S.); (E.G.-P.); (F.S.-J.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José M. Muñoz-Félix
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.C.-A.); (L.M.-Z.); (P.C.-S.); (E.G.-P.); (F.S.-J.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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5
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Nolan E, Kang Y, Malanchi I. Mechanisms of Organ-Specific Metastasis of Breast Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:a041326. [PMID: 36987584 PMCID: PMC10626265 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis, or the development of secondary tumors in distant tissues, accounts for the vast majority of fatalities in patients with breast cancer. Breast cancer cells show a striking proclivity to metastasize to distinct organs, specifically the lung, liver, bone, and brain, where they face unique environmental pressures and a wide variety of tissue-resident cells that together create a strong barrier for tumor survival and growth. As a consequence, successful metastatic colonization is critically dependent on reciprocal cross talk between cancer cells and host cells within the target organ, a relationship that shapes the formation of a tumor-supportive microenvironment. Here, we discuss the mechanisms governing organ-specific metastasis in breast cancer, focusing on the intricate interactions between metastatic cells and specific niche cells within a secondary organ, and the remarkable adaptations of both compartments that cooperatively support cancer growth. More broadly, we aim to provide a framework for the microenvironmental prerequisites within each distinct metastatic site for successful breast cancer metastatic seeding and outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Nolan
- Tumour Host Interaction laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Princeton Branch, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Ilaria Malanchi
- Tumour Host Interaction laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
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6
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Duan W, Xia S, Tang M, Lin M, Liu W, Wang Q. Targeting of endothelial cells in brain tumours. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1433. [PMID: 37830128 PMCID: PMC10570772 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggressive brain tumours, whether primary gliomas or secondary metastases, are characterised by hypervascularisation and are fatal. Recent research has emphasised the crucial involvement of endothelial cells (ECs) in all brain tumour genesis and development events, with various patterns and underlying mechanisms identified. MAIN BODY Here, we highlight recent advances in knowledge about the contributions of ECs to brain tumour development, providing a comprehensive summary including descriptions of interactions between ECs and tumour cells, the heterogeneity of ECs and new models for research on ECs in brain malignancies. We also discuss prospects for EC targeting in novel therapeutic approaches. CONCLUSION Interventions targeting ECs, as an adjunct to other therapies (e.g. immunotherapies, molecular-targeted therapies), have shown promising clinical efficacy due to the high degree of vascularisation in brain tumours. Developing precise strategies to target tumour-associated vessels based on the heterogeneity of ECs is expected to improve anti-vascular efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Duan
- Department of Respiratory MedicineThe Second HospitalDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Shengkai Xia
- Department of Respiratory MedicineThe Second HospitalDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Mengyi Tang
- Department of Respiratory MedicineThe Second HospitalDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Manqing Lin
- Department of Respiratory MedicineThe Second HospitalDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Cancer Translational Medicine Research CenterThe Second HospitalDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory MedicineThe Second HospitalDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Cancer Translational Medicine Research CenterThe Second HospitalDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
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7
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McDonald B, Barth K, Schmidt MHH. The origin of brain malignancies at the blood-brain barrier. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:282. [PMID: 37688612 PMCID: PMC10492883 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in extracranial therapy, survival rate for patients suffering from brain metastases remains very poor. This is coupled with the incidence of brain metastases continuing to rise. In this review, we focus on core contributions of the blood-brain barrier to the origin of brain metastases. We first provide an overview of the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier under physiological conditions. Next, we discuss the emerging idea of a pre-metastatic niche, namely that secreted factors and extracellular vesicles from a primary tumor site are able to travel through the circulation and prime the neurovasculature for metastatic invasion. We then consider the neurotropic mechanisms that circulating tumor cells possess or develop that facilitate disruption of the blood-brain barrier and survival in the brain's parenchyma. Finally, we compare and contrast brain metastases at the blood-brain barrier to the primary brain tumor, glioma, examining the process of vessel co-option that favors the survival and outgrowth of brain malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan McDonald
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Barth
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko H H Schmidt
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
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8
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Geissler M, Jia W, Kiraz EN, Kulacz I, Liu X, Rombach A, Prinz V, Jussen D, Kokkaliaris KD, Medyouf H, Sevenich L, Czabanka M, Broggini T. The Brain Pre-Metastatic Niche: Biological and Technical Advancements. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10055. [PMID: 37373202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis, particularly brain metastasis, continues to puzzle researchers to this day, and exploring its molecular basis promises to break ground in developing new strategies for combatting this deadly cancer. In recent years, the research focus has shifted toward the earliest steps in the formation of metastasis. In this regard, significant progress has been achieved in understanding how the primary tumor affects distant organ sites before the arrival of tumor cells. The term pre-metastatic niche was introduced for this concept and encompasses all influences on sites of future metastases, ranging from immunological modulation and ECM remodeling to the softening of the blood-brain barrier. The mechanisms governing the spread of metastasis to the brain remain elusive. However, we begin to understand these processes by looking at the earliest steps in the formation of metastasis. This review aims to present recent findings on the brain pre-metastatic niche and to discuss existing and emerging methods to further explore the field. We begin by giving an overview of the pre-metastatic and metastatic niches in general before focusing on their manifestations in the brain. To conclude, we reflect on the methods usually employed in this field of research and discuss novel approaches in imaging and sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Geissler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Weiyi Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Emine Nisanur Kiraz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ida Kulacz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Adrian Rombach
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Vincent Prinz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniel Jussen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Konstantinos D Kokkaliaris
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hind Medyouf
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Sevenich
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Czabanka
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Broggini
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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9
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Ivanova M, Porta FM, Giugliano F, Frascarelli C, Sajjadi E, Venetis K, Cursano G, Mazzarol G, Guerini-Rocco E, Curigliano G, Criscitiello C, Fusco N. Breast Cancer with Brain Metastasis: Molecular Insights and Clinical Management. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1160. [PMID: 37372340 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women. Brain metastases are a primary contributor to mortality, as they often go undetected until late stages due to their dormant nature. Moreover, the clinical management of brain metastases is complicated by the relevant issue of blood-brain barrier penetration. The molecular pathways involved in the formation, progression, and colonization of primary breast tumors and subsequent brain metastases are diverse, posing significant hurdles due to the heterogeneous nature of breast cancer subtypes. Despite advancements in primary breast cancer treatments, the prognosis for patients with brain metastases remains poor. In this review, we aim to highlight the biological mechanisms of breast cancer brain metastases by evaluating multi-step genetic pathways and to discuss currently available and emerging treatment strategies to propose a prospective overview of the management of this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Ivanova
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Maria Porta
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- School of Pathology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Giugliano
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Frascarelli
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elham Sajjadi
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Venetis
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Cursano
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mazzarol
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Guerini-Rocco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Criscitiello
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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10
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Zhao H, Wang L, Ji X, Zhang L, Li C. Biology of breast cancer brain metastases and novel therapies targeting the blood brain barrier: an updated review. Med Oncol 2023; 40:181. [PMID: 37202575 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastasis (BM) is a critical cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with breast cancer (BC). Compared with other cancer cells, BC cells (BCs) exhibit special features in the metastatic process. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear, especially the crosstalk between tumour cells and the microenvironment. To date, novel therapies for BM, including targeted therapy and antibody‒drug conjugates, have been developed. Due to an improved understanding of the blood‒brain barrier (BBB) and blood-tumour barrier (BTB), the development and testing of therapeutic agents in clinical phases have substantially increased. However, these therapies face a major challenge due to the low penetration of the BBB or BTB. As a result, researchers have increasingly focused on finding ways to promote drug penetration through these barriers. This review provides an updated overview of breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) and summarizes the newly developed therapies for BCBM, especially drugs targeting the BBB or BTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Zhao
- Clinical Medicine College, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Luxuan Wang
- Department of Neurological Function Examination, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Xiaolin Ji
- Clinical Medicine College, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Lijian Zhang
- Clinical Medicine College, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China.
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China.
| | - Chunhui Li
- Clinical Medicine College, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China.
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11
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Modvig S, Jeyakumar J, Marquart HV, Christensen C. Integrins and the Metastasis-like Dissemination of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia to the Central Nervous System. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092504. [PMID: 37173970 PMCID: PMC10177281 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) disseminates with high prevalence to the central nervous system (CNS) in a process resembling aspects of the CNS surveillance of normal immune cells as well as aspects of brain metastasis from solid cancers. Importantly, inside the CNS, the ALL blasts are typically confined within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled cavities of the subarachnoid space, which they use as a sanctuary protected from both chemotherapy and immune cells. At present, high cumulative doses of intrathecal chemotherapy are administered to patients, but this is associated with neurotoxicity and CNS relapse still occurs. Thus, it is imperative to identify markers and novel therapy targets specific to CNS ALL. Integrins represent a family of adhesion molecules involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, implicated in the adhesion and migration of metastatic cancer cells, normal immune cells, and leukemic blasts. The ability of integrins to also facilitate cell-adhesion mediated drug resistance, combined with recent discoveries of integrin-dependent routes of leukemic cells into the CNS, have sparked a renewed interest in integrins as markers and therapeutic targets in CNS leukemia. Here, we review the roles of integrins in CNS surveillance by normal lymphocytes, dissemination to the CNS by ALL cells, and brain metastasis from solid cancers. Furthermore, we discuss whether ALL dissemination to the CNS abides by known hallmarks of metastasis, and the potential roles of integrins in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Modvig
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jenani Jeyakumar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Vibeke Marquart
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Christensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Alsabbagh R, Ahmed M, Alqudah MAY, Hamoudi R, Harati R. Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms Mediating Extravasation in Brain Metastasis of Breast Cancer, Melanoma, and Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082258. [PMID: 37190188 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis is an incurable end-stage of systemic cancer associated with poor prognosis, and its incidence is increasing. Brain metastasis occurs through a multi-step cascade where cancer cells spread from the primary tumor site to the brain. The extravasation of tumor cells through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical step in brain metastasis. During extravasation, circulating cancer cells roll along the brain endothelium (BE), adhere to it, then induce alterations in the endothelial barrier to transmigrate through the BBB and enter the brain. Rolling and adhesion are generally mediated by selectins and adhesion molecules induced by inflammatory mediators, while alterations in the endothelial barrier are mediated by proteolytic enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinase, and the transmigration step mediated by factors, including chemokines. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating extravasation are not yet fully understood. A better understanding of these mechanisms is essential as it may serve as the basis for the development of therapeutic strategies for the prevention or treatment of brain metastases. In this review, we summarize the molecular events that occur during the extravasation of cancer cells through the blood-brain barrier in three types of cancer most likely to develop brain metastasis: breast cancer, melanoma, and lung cancer. Common molecular mechanisms driving extravasation in these different tumors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Alsabbagh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Munazza Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad A Y Alqudah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London W1W 7EJ, UK
| | - Rania Harati
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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13
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Nguyen TT, Hamdan D, Angeli E, Feugeas JP, Le QV, Pamoukdjian F, Bousquet G. Genomics of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases: A Meta-Analysis and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061728. [PMID: 36980614 PMCID: PMC10046845 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer brain metastases are a challenging daily practice, and the biological link between gene mutations and metastatic spread to the brain remains to be determined. Here, we performed a meta-analysis on genomic data obtained from primary tumors, extracerebral metastases and brain metastases, to identify gene alterations associated with metastatic processes in the brain. Articles with relevant findings were selected using Medline via PubMed, from January 1999 up to February 2022. A critical review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis statement (PRISMA). Fifty-seven publications were selected for this meta-analysis, including 37,218 patients in all, 11,906 primary tumor samples, 5541 extracerebral metastasis samples, and 1485 brain metastasis samples. We report the overall and sub-group prevalence of gene mutations, including comparisons between primary tumors, extracerebral metastases and brain metastases. In particular, we identified six genes with a higher mutation prevalence in brain metastases than in extracerebral metastases, with a potential role in metastatic processes in the brain: ESR1, ERBB2, EGFR, PTEN, BRCA2 and NOTCH1. We discuss here the therapeutic implications. Our results underline the added value of obtaining biopsies from brain metastases to fully explore their biology, in order to develop personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Thi Nguyen
- National Cancer Hospital, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité, UMR_S942 MASCOT, 75006 Paris, France (F.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanoi Medical University, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
- Institut Galilée, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93439 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Diaddin Hamdan
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité, UMR_S942 MASCOT, 75006 Paris, France (F.P.)
- Hôpital La Porte Verte, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Eurydice Angeli
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité, UMR_S942 MASCOT, 75006 Paris, France (F.P.)
- Institut Galilée, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93439 Villetaneuse, France
- Service d’Oncologie Médicale, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Jean-Paul Feugeas
- INSERM U1098, 25030 Besançon, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Université de Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
- Correspondence: (J.-P.F.); (G.B.)
| | - Quang Van Le
- National Cancer Hospital, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité, UMR_S942 MASCOT, 75006 Paris, France (F.P.)
| | - Frédéric Pamoukdjian
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité, UMR_S942 MASCOT, 75006 Paris, France (F.P.)
- Institut Galilée, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93439 Villetaneuse, France
- Service de Médecine Gériatrique, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Guilhem Bousquet
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité, UMR_S942 MASCOT, 75006 Paris, France (F.P.)
- Institut Galilée, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93439 Villetaneuse, France
- Service d’Oncologie Médicale, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 93000 Bobigny, France
- Correspondence: (J.-P.F.); (G.B.)
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14
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Integrin αvβ3 Is a Master Regulator of Resistance to TKI-Induced Ferroptosis in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041216. [PMID: 36831558 PMCID: PMC9954089 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-targeting therapies provide clinical benefits for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. However, the resistance to monotherapies invariably develops and leads to disease relapse and treatment failure. Previous studies have demonstrated a link between the potency of HER2-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and their ability to induce an iron-dependent form of cell death called ferroptosis. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanisms of resistance to TKI-induced ferroptosis and identify novel approaches to overcome treatment resistance. We used mouse and human HER2-positive models of acquired TKI resistance to demonstrate an intimate link between the resistance to TKIs and to ferroptosis and present the first evidence that the cell adhesion receptor αvβ3 integrin is a critical mediator of resistance to TKI-induced ferroptosis. Our findings indicate that αvβ3 integrin-mediated resistance is associated with the re-wiring of the iron/antioxidant metabolism and persistent activation of AKT signalling. Moreover, using gene manipulation approaches and pharmacological inhibitors, we show that this "αvβ3 integrin addiction" can be targeted to reverse TKI resistance. Collectively, these findings provide critical insights into new therapeutic strategies to improve the treatment of advanced HER2-positive breast cancer patients.
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15
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Hintelmann K, Petersen C, Borgmann K. Radiotherapeutic Strategies to Overcome Resistance of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases by Considering Immunogenic Aspects of Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:211. [PMID: 36612206 PMCID: PMC9818478 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women, and symptomatic brain metastases (BCBMs) occur in 15-20% of metastatic breast cancer cases. Despite technological advances in radiation therapy (RT), the prognosis of patients is limited. This has been attributed to radioresistant breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), among other factors. The aim of this review article is to summarize the evidence of cancer-stem-cell-mediated radioresistance in brain metastases of breast cancer from radiobiologic and radiation oncologic perspectives to allow for the better interpretability of preclinical and clinical evidence and to facilitate its translation into new therapeutic strategies. To this end, the etiology of brain metastasis in breast cancer, its radiotherapeutic treatment options, resistance mechanisms in BCSCs, and effects of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiotherapy involving immune checkpoint inhibitors are described and classified. This is considered in the context of the central nervous system (CNS) as a particular metastatic niche involving the blood-brain barrier and the CNS immune system. The compilation of this existing knowledge serves to identify possible synergistic effects between systemic molecularly targeted therapies and ionizing radiation (IR) by considering both BCSCs' relevant resistance mechanisms and effects on normal tissue of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hintelmann
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cordula Petersen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Borgmann
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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16
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Hang B, Jassem E, Mohammed H, Wan LQ, Herschkowitz JI, Fan J. Interacting with tumor cells weakens the intrinsic clockwise chirality of endothelial cells. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:046107. [PMID: 36505506 PMCID: PMC9729015 DOI: 10.1063/5.0115827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) possess a strong intrinsic clockwise (CW, or rightward) chirality under normal conditions. Enervating this chirality of ECs significantly impairs the function of the endothelial barrier. Malignant tumor cells (TCs) undergo metastasis by playing upon the abnormal leakage of blood vessels. However, the impact of TCs on EC chirality is still poorly understood. Using a transwell model, we co-cultured the human umbilical vein endothelial cells or human lung microvascular endothelial cells and breast epithelial tumor cell lines to simulate the TC-EC interaction. Using a micropatterning method, we assessed the EC chirality changes induced by paracrine signaling of and physical contact with TCs. We found that the intrinsic clockwise chirality of ECs was significantly compromised by the TC's physical contact, while the paracrine signaling (i.e., without physical contact) of TCs causes minimal changes. In addition, ECs neighboring TCs tend to possess a left bias, while ECs spaced apart from TCs are more likely to preserve the intrinsic right bias. Finally, we found the chirality change of ECs could result from physical binding between CD44 and E-selectin, which activates protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) and induces pseudopodial movement of EC toward TC. Our findings together suggest the crucial role of EC-TC physical interaction in EC chirality and that weakening the EC chirality could potentially compromise the overall endothelial integrity which increases the probability of metastatic cancer spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson Hang
- Department of Natural Sciences, CASL, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan 48128, USA
| | - Eman Jassem
- Department of Natural Sciences, CASL, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan 48128, USA
| | - Hanan Mohammed
- Department of Natural Sciences, CASL, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan 48128, USA
| | | | - Jason I. Herschkowitz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, University at Albany-SUNY, Rensselaer, New York 12144, USA
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Natural Sciences, CASL, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan 48128, USA,Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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17
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Aizer AA, Lamba N, Ahluwalia MS, Aldape K, Boire A, Brastianos PK, Brown PD, Camidge DR, Chiang VL, Davies MA, Hu LS, Huang RY, Kaufmann T, Kumthekar P, Lam K, Lee EQ, Lin NU, Mehta M, Parsons M, Reardon DA, Sheehan J, Soffietti R, Tawbi H, Weller M, Wen PY. Brain metastases: A Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) consensus review on current management and future directions. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:1613-1646. [PMID: 35762249 PMCID: PMC9527527 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases occur commonly in patients with advanced solid malignancies. Yet, less is known about brain metastases than cancer-related entities of similar incidence. Advances in oncologic care have heightened the importance of intracranial management. Here, in this consensus review supported by the Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO), we review the landscape of brain metastases with particular attention to management approaches and ongoing efforts with potential to shape future paradigms of care. Each coauthor carried an area of expertise within the field of brain metastases and initially composed, edited, or reviewed their specific subsection of interest. After each subsection was accordingly written, multiple drafts of the manuscript were circulated to the entire list of authors for group discussion and feedback. The hope is that the these consensus guidelines will accelerate progress in the understanding and management of patients with brain metastases, and highlight key areas in need of further exploration that will lead to dedicated trials and other research investigations designed to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayal A Aizer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nayan Lamba
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Kenneth Aldape
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Adrienne Boire
- Department of Neurology, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Priscilla K Brastianos
- Departments of Neuro-Oncology and Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul D Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - D Ross Camidge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Veronica L Chiang
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiation Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Leland S Hu
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Raymond Y Huang
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Priya Kumthekar
- Department of Neurology at The Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University and The Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Keng Lam
- Department of Neurology, Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eudocia Q Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nancy U Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Minesh Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Parsons
- Departments of Oncology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David A Reardon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason Sheehan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Riccardo Soffietti
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Hussein Tawbi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Cuypers A, Truong ACK, Becker LM, Saavedra-García P, Carmeliet P. Tumor vessel co-option: The past & the future. Front Oncol 2022; 12:965277. [PMID: 36119528 PMCID: PMC9472251 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.965277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor vessel co-option (VCO) is a non-angiogenic vascularization mechanism that is a possible cause of resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy (AAT). Multiple tumors are hypothesized to primarily rely on growth factor signaling-induced sprouting angiogenesis, which is often inhibited during AAT. During VCO however, tumors invade healthy tissues by hijacking pre-existing blood vessels of the host organ to secure their blood and nutrient supply. Although VCO has been described in the context of AAT resistance, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process and the profile and characteristics of co-opted vascular cell types (endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes) remain poorly understood, resulting in the lack of therapeutic strategies to inhibit VCO (and to overcome AAT resistance). In the past few years, novel next-generation technologies (such as single-cell RNA sequencing) have emerged and revolutionized the way of analyzing and understanding cancer biology. While most studies utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing with focus on cancer vascularization have centered around ECs during sprouting angiogenesis, we propose that this and other novel technologies can be used in future investigations to shed light on tumor EC biology during VCO. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms driving VCO known to date and introduce the models used to study this phenomenon to date. We highlight VCO studies that recently emerged using sequencing approaches and propose how these and other novel state-of-the-art methods can be used in the future to further explore ECs and other cell types in the VCO process and to identify potential vulnerabilities in tumors relying on VCO. A better understanding of VCO by using novel approaches could provide new answers to the many open questions, and thus pave the way to develop new strategies to control and target tumor vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Cuypers
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) and Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anh-Co Khanh Truong
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) and Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa M. Becker
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) and Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paula Saavedra-García
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Heterogeneity, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) and Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Heterogeneity, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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19
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Choi SH, Kim JK, Chen CT, Wu C, Marco MR, Barriga FM, O’Rourke K, Pelossof R, Qu X, Chang Q, de Stanchina E, Shia J, Smith JJ, Sanchez-Vega F, Garcia-Aguilar J. KRAS Mutants Upregulate Integrin β4 to Promote Invasion and Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1305-1319. [PMID: 35394541 PMCID: PMC9357101 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
KRAS mutation in colorectal cancer is associated with aggressive tumor behavior through increased invasiveness and higher rates of lung metastases, but the biological mechanisms behind these features are not fully understood. In this study, we show that KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer upregulates integrin α6β4 through ERK/MEK signaling. Knocking-out integrin β4 (ITGB4) specifically depleted the expression of integrin α6β4 and this resulted in a reduction in the invasion and migration ability of the cancer cells. We also observed a reduction in the number and area of lung metastatic foci in mice that were injected with ITGB4 knockout KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer cells compared with the mice injected with ITGB4 wild-type KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer cells, while no difference was observed in liver metastases. Inhibiting integrin α6β4 in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer could be a potential therapeutic target to diminish the KRAS-invasive phenotype and associated pulmonary metastasis rate. IMPLICATIONS Knocking-out ITGB4, which is overexpressed in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer and promotes tumor aggressiveness, diminishes local invasiveness and rates of pulmonary metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Hyun Choi
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jin K. Kim
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chin-Tung Chen
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael R. Marco
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francisco M. Barriga
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin O’Rourke
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raphael Pelossof
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xuan Qu
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qing Chang
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinru Shia
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J. Joshua Smith
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francisco Sanchez-Vega
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julio Garcia-Aguilar
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Ratosa I, Dobnikar N, Bottosso M, Dieci MV, Jacot W, Pouderoux S, Ribnikar D, Sinoquet L, Guarneri V, Znidaric T, Darlix A, Griguolo G. Leptomeningeal metastases in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive breast cancer: real-world data from a multicentric European cohort. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:1355-1366. [PMID: 35666525 PMCID: PMC9540903 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer, leptomeningeal metastases (LM) are a rare but often a fatal clinical scenario. In this multicentric study, clinical and pathologic characteristics of patients with HER2+ breast cancer developing LM were described, as well as survival outcomes. Data were gathered retrospectively from medical records of 82 patients with advanced HER2+ breast cancer and LM treated between August 2005 and July 2020. Following LM diagnosis, 79 (96.3%) patients received at least one line of anti‐HER2 therapy, 25 (30.5%) patients received intrathecal therapy and 58 (70.7%) patients received radiotherapy. Overall survival (OS) was 8.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.7‐11), 1‐year OS was 42%, and 2‐year OS was 21%. At univariate analysis, patients who were treated after 2010, had better Karnofsky performance status, were free of neurological symptoms, had better prognostic, received chemotherapy (OS difference 9.4 months, P = .024), or monoclonal antibodies (trastuzumab ± pertuzumab; OS difference 6.1 months; P = .013) after LM diagnosis, had a statistically significantly longer OS. Presence of neurological symptoms (hazard ratio 3.32, 95% CI 1.26‐8.73; P = .015) and not having received radiotherapy (hazard ratio 2.02, 95% CI 1.09‐3.72; P = .024) were all associated with poorer OS at multivariate analysis. To summarize, not having neurological symptoms and receiving RT at LM diagnosis were associated with prolonged OS in our cohort. Survival seemed to be prolonged with multimodality treatment, which included targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and RT to the LM sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Ratosa
- Division of Radiotherapy, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nika Dobnikar
- Division of Radiotherapy, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michele Bottosso
- Division of Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Dieci
- Division of Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - William Jacot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Pouderoux
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Domen Ribnikar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Division of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Léa Sinoquet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Valentina Guarneri
- Division of Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Tanja Znidaric
- Department of Oncology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Amélie Darlix
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gaia Griguolo
- Division of Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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21
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22
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Xia Y, Li Y, Fu BM. Differential effects of vascular endothelial growth factor on glycocalyx of endothelial and tumor cells and potential targets for tumor metastasis. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:016101. [PMID: 35071967 PMCID: PMC8769769 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
On the surface of every mammalian cell, there is a matrix-like glycocalyx (GCX) consisting of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Disruption of endothelial cell (EC) GCX by a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, VEGF-A165), a tumor secretion, was found to be an early event in tumor cell (TC) metastasis across vascular barriers. However, how the TC secretion VEGF affects its own GCX is unknown. To investigate the VEGF effect on TC GCX and to elucidate the ultrastructural organization of EC and TC GCX and their alteration by VEGF, we employed super-resolution stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy to observe the spatio-chemical organizations of the heparan sulfate (HS) and hyaluronic acid (HA), two representative GAGs of GCX, on human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC) and malignant breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 (MB231). We found that HS and HA have distinct organizations on hCMEC and MB231. Only HS of hCMEC is perpendicular to the cell surface, while HA of hCMEC as well as HS and HA of MB231 all lie in the same plane as the cell surface where they appear to weave into a 2D network covering the cell. We also found that VEGF significantly reduces the length and coverage of HS on hCMEC but does not change the thickness and coverage of HA on hCMEC. On the contrary, VEGF significantly enhances the coverage of HS and HA on MB231 although it does not alter the thickness. The differential effects of VEGF on the GCX of TC and that of EC may favor TC adhesion and transmigration across EC barriers for their metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
| | - Yunfei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
| | - Bingmei M. Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
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23
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Danila DC. Liquid biopsy as a cancer biomarker-potential, and challenges. Cancer Biomark 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824302-2.00013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Li Y, Xia Y, Zhu H, Luu E, Huang G, Sun Y, Sun K, Markx S, Leong KW, Xu B, Fu BM. Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Deficits of 22 q11.2 Deletion Syndrome with a Patient-iPSC-Derived Blood-Brain Barrier Model. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102576. [PMID: 34685556 PMCID: PMC8534009 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is important in the normal functioning of the central nervous system. An altered BBB has been described in various neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of such alterations remain unclear. Here, we investigate if BBB integrity is compromised in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (also called DiGeorge syndrome), which is one of the validated genetic risk factors for schizophrenia. We utilized a set of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) derived from the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines of patients with 22q11.2-deletion-syndrome-associated schizophrenia. We found that the solute permeability of the BBB formed from patient HBMECs increases by ~1.3–1.4-fold, while the trans-endothelial electrical resistance decreases to ~62% of the control values. Correspondingly, tight junction proteins and the endothelial glycocalyx that determine the integrity of the BBB are significantly disrupted. A transcriptome study also suggests that the transcriptional network related to the cell–cell junctions in the compromised BBB is substantially altered. An enrichment analysis further suggests that the genes within the altered gene expression network also contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders. Our findings suggest that neurovascular coupling can be targeted in developing novel therapeutical strategies for the treatment of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (E.L.); (G.H.)
| | - Yifan Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (E.L.); (G.H.)
| | - Huixiang Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (H.Z.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Eric Luu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (E.L.); (G.H.)
| | - Guangyao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (E.L.); (G.H.)
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (H.Z.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Kevin Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (H.Z.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Sander Markx
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (H.Z.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (H.Z.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.X.); (B.M.F.); Tel.: +1-212-650-7531 (B.M.F.)
| | - Bingmei M. Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (E.L.); (G.H.)
- Correspondence: (B.X.); (B.M.F.); Tel.: +1-212-650-7531 (B.M.F.)
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25
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Bryan S, Witzel I, Borgmann K, Oliveira-Ferrer L. Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Brain Metastases in HER2-Positive and Triple Negative Breast Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4137. [PMID: 34439289 PMCID: PMC8392331 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cause of cancer-associated death for women worldwide, with deaths commonly resulting from metastatic spread to distant organs. Approximately 30% of metastatic BC patients develop brain metastases (BM), a currently incurable diagnosis. The influence of BC molecular subtype and gene expression on breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) development and patient prognosis is undeniable and is, therefore, an important focus point in the attempt to combat the disease. The HER2-positive and triple-negative molecular subtypes are associated with an increased risk of developing BCBM. Several genetic and molecular mechanisms linked to HER2-positive and triple-negative BC breast cancers appear to influence BCBM formation on several levels, including increased development of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and migration of primary BC cells to the brain and/or through superior local invasiveness aided by cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). These specific BC characteristics, together with the ensuing developments at a clinical level, are presented in this review article, drawing a connection between research findings and related therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing BCBM formation and/or progression. Furthermore, we briefly address the critical limitations in our current understanding of this complex topic, highlighting potential focal points for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bryan
- Department of Gynaecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (S.B.); (I.W.)
| | - Isabell Witzel
- Department of Gynaecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (S.B.); (I.W.)
| | - Kerstin Borgmann
- Center of Oncology, Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Leticia Oliveira-Ferrer
- Department of Gynaecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (S.B.); (I.W.)
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26
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Jin Y, Liu W, Wang F, Wang M, Xu K, Yang A, Wang C, Zhang L, Zhang F, Li M. Tissue factor potentiates adherence of breast cancer cells to human umbilical vein endothelial cells under static and flow conditions. Cell Adh Migr 2021; 15:74-83. [PMID: 33734001 PMCID: PMC7993123 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2021.1898709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) has been extensively studied for tumor metastasis, but its role in mediating cancer cell adhesion to vasculature remains unknown. This study aimed to measure the ability of TF to mediate the adhesion of breast cancer cells to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). MDA-MB-231 cells expressed the highest TF level and adhered more to HUVECs under static and flow conditions, a neutralizing TF antibody abolished the enhanced adhesion of MDA-MB-231 cells to HUVECs. Recombinant human soluble TF (rTF) bonded β1integrin on HUVECs surfaces, β1 or α3integrin antibody combined with TF antibody abolished more cell-cell adhesion. These data suggested that TF mediated adhesion of breast cancer cells to endothelial cells may rely on β1integrin on HUVECs surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Jin
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fengxia Wang
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kai Xu
- First Affiliated Clinical Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Aijun Yang
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lihan Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drug Development, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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27
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Transcellular Model for Neutral and Charged Nanoparticles Across an In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2020; 11:607-620. [PMID: 33113565 PMCID: PMC7592456 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-020-00496-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The therapeutic drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs, 20–100 nm) have been widely used to treat brain disorders. To improve systemic brain delivery efficacy of these NPs, it is necessary to quantify their transport parameters across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and understand the underlying transport mechanism. Methods Permeability of an in vitro BBB, bEnd3 (mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells) monolayer, to three neutral NPs with the representative diameters was measured using an automated fluorometer system. To elucidate the transport mechanism of the neutral NPs across the in vitro BBB, and that of positively charged NPs whose BBB permeability was measured in a previous study, we developed a novel transcellular model, which incorporates the charge of the in vitro BBB, the mechanical property of the cell membrane, the ion concentrations of the surrounding salt solution and the size and charge of the NPs. Results Our model indicates that the negative charge of the surface glycocalyx and basement membrane of the BBB plays a pivotal role in the transcelluar transport of NPs with diameter 20-100 nm across the BBB. The electrostatic force between the negative charge at the in vitro BBB and the positive charge at NPs greatly enhances NP permeability. The predictions from our transcellular model fit very well with the measured BBB permeability for both neutral and charged NPs. Conclusion Our model can be used to predict the optimal size and charge of the NPs and the optimal charge of the BBB for an optimal systemic drug delivery strategy to the brain.
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28
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The Glycocalyx and Its Role in Vascular Physiology and Vascular Related Diseases. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2020; 12:37-71. [PMID: 32959164 PMCID: PMC7505222 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-020-00485-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose In 2007 the two senior authors wrote a review on the structure and function of the endothelial glycocalyx layer (Weinbaum in Annu Rev Biomed Eng 9:121–167, 2007). Since then there has been an explosion of interest in this hydrated gel-like structure that coats the luminal surface of endothelial cells that line our vasculature due to its important functions in (A) basic vascular physiology and (B) vascular related diseases. This review will highlight the major advances that have occurred since our 2007 paper. Methods A literature search mainly focusing on the role of the glycocalyx in the two major areas described above was performed using electronic databases. Results In part (A) of this review, the new formulation of the century old Starling principle, now referred to as the Michel–Weinbaum glycoclayx model or revised Starling hypothesis, is described including new subtleties and physiological ramifications. New insights into mechanotransduction and release of nitric oxide due to fluid shear stress sensed by the glycocalyx are elaborated. Major advances in understanding the organization and function of glycocalyx components, and new techniques for measuring both its thickness and spatio-chemical organization based on super resolution, stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) are presented. As discussed in part (B) of this review, it is now recognized that artery wall stiffness associated with hypertension and aging induces glycocalyx degradation, endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease. In addition to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, the glycocalyx plays an important role in lifestyle related diseases (e.g., diabetes) and cancer. Infectious diseases including sepsis, Dengue, Zika and Corona viruses, and malaria also involve the glycocalyx. Because of increasing recognition of the role of the glycocalyx in a wide range of diseases, there has been a vigorous search for methods to protect the glycocalyx from degradation or to enhance its synthesis in disease environments. Conclusion As we have seen in this review, many important developments in our basic understanding of GCX structure, function and role in diseases have been described since the 2007 paper. The future is wide open for continued GCX research.
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29
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García-Gómez P, Valiente M. Vascular co-option in brain metastasis. Angiogenesis 2019; 23:3-8. [PMID: 31701335 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-019-09693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Vascular co-option by brain metastasis-initiating cells has been demonstrated as a critical step in organ colonization. The physical interaction between the cancer cell and the endothelial cell is mediated by integrins and L1CAM and could be involved in aggressive growth but also latency and immune evasion. The key involvement of vascular co-option in brain metastasis has created an emerging field that aims to identify critical targets as well as effective inhibitors with the goal of preventing brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro García-Gómez
- Brain Metastasis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Valiente
- Brain Metastasis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Li J, Luo M, Ou H, Liu X, Kang X, Yin W. Integrin β4 promotes invasion and anoikis resistance of papillary thyroid carcinoma and is consistently overexpressed in lymphovascular tumor thrombus. J Cancer 2019; 10:6635-6648. [PMID: 31777592 PMCID: PMC6856897 DOI: 10.7150/jca.36125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the majority of papillary thyroid cancers (PTC) are indolent, a subset of PTCs behaves aggressively due to extensive invasion and distant metastasis. Integrin β4, a member of the integrin family, has been shown to enhance the progression in some malignancies; however, its role in PTC remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that β4 overexpression was associated with extrathyroid extension, lymph node metastasis, high TNM stage, and poor overall survival based on The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort. Immunohistochemistry showed that β4 expression was significantly upregulated in the tumors with infiltrating growth pattern, as well as those with positive lymphovascular invasion. Moreover, β4 was invariably overexpressed in the lymphovascular tumor thrombi, which has not been reported before. After shRNA-induced knockdown of β4 in vitro, the migration, invasion and scratch repair ability of the tumor cells were significantly reduced. Furthermore, β4 reduction decreased anchorage-independent growth and increased anoikis. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that approximately 70 pathways were significantly dysregulated in the high β4 expression group. The MAPK pathway and propanoate metabolism were located in the network center of those pathways. Taken together, our results suggest that β4 could promote the tumor's aggressiveness by enhancing invasion and antagonizing anoikis. The upregulated expression of β4 in the tumor thrombi is intrinsically linked to its role in strengthening the anoikis resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518036, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518055, China
| | - Minghua Luo
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518036, China
| | - Huiting Ou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Guangdong Province, 518035, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518036, China
| | - Xueling Kang
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518036, China
| | - Weihua Yin
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518036, China
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31
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Pedrosa RMSM, Mustafa DA, Soffietti R, Kros JM. Breast cancer brain metastasis: molecular mechanisms and directions for treatment. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:1439-1449. [PMID: 29566179 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of brain metastasis (BM) of breast cancer is usually a late event with deleterious effect on the prognosis. Treatment options for intracerebral seeding of breast cancer are limited and, so far, nonspecific. Molecular detailing of subsequent events of penetration, seeding, and outgrowth in brain is highly relevant for developing therapeutic strategies to treat, or prevent, BM.We scrutinize recent literature for molecules and pathways that are operative in the formation of breast cancer BM. We also summarize current data on therapeutic efforts to specifically address BM of breast cancer. Data on molecular pathways underlying the formation of BM of breast cancer are sketchy and to some extent inconsistent. The molecular makeup of BM differs from that of the primary tumors, as well as from metastases at other sites. Current efforts to treat breast cancer BM are limited, and drugs used have proven effects on the primary tumors but lack specificity for the intracerebral tumors.More basic research is necessary to better characterize BM of breast cancer. Apart from the identification of drug targets defined by the intracerebral tumors, also targets in the molecular pathways involved in passing the blood-brain barrier and intracerebral tumor cell growth should be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute M S M Pedrosa
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dana A Mustafa
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Soffietti
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Turin and City of Health and Science Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Johan M Kros
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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32
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Dabagh M, Randles A. Role of deformable cancer cells on wall shear stress-associated-VEGF secretion by endothelium in microvasculature. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211418. [PMID: 30794550 PMCID: PMC6386247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial surface layer (glycocalyx) is the major physiological regulator of tumor cell adhesion to endothelium. Cancer cells express vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which increases the permeability of a microvessel wall by degrading glycocalyx. Endothelial cells lining large arteries have also been reported, in vitro and in vivo, to mediate VEGF expression significantly under exposure to high wall shear stress (WSS) > 0.6 Pa. The objective of the present study is to explore whether local hemodynamic conditions in the vicinity of a migrating deformable cancer cell can influence the function of endothelial cells to express VEGF within the microvasculature. A three-dimensional model of deformable cancer cells (DCCs) migrating within a capillary is developed by applying a massively parallel hemodynamics application to simulate the fluid-structure interaction between the DCC and fluid surrounding the DCC. We study how dynamic interactions between the DCC and its local microenvironment affect WSS exposed on endothelium, under physiological conditions of capillaries with different diameters and flow conditions. Moreover, we quantify the area of endothelium affected by the DCC. Our results show that the DCC alters local hemodynamics in its vicinity up to an area as large as 40 times the cancer cell lateral surface. In this area, endothelium experiences high WSS values in the range of 0.6–12 Pa. Endothelial cells exposed to this range of WSS have been reported to express VEGF. Furthermore, we demonstrate that stiffer cancer cells expose higher WSS on the endothelium. A strong impact of cell stiffness on its local microenvironment is observed in capillaries with diameters <16 μm. WSS-induced-VEGF by endothelium represents an important potential mechanism for cancer cell adhesion and metastasis in the microvasculature. This work serves as an important first step in understanding the mechanisms driving VEGF-expression by endothelium and identifying the underlying mechanisms of glycocalyx degradation by endothelium in microvasculature. The identification of angiogenesis factors involved in early stages of cancer cell-endothelium interactions and understanding their regulation will help, first to develop anti-angiogenic strategies applied to diagnostic studies and therapeutic interventions, second to predict accurately where different cancer cell types most likely adhere in microvasculature, and third to establish accurate criteria predisposing the cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Dabagh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amanda Randles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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33
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Achrol AS, Rennert RC, Anders C, Soffietti R, Ahluwalia MS, Nayak L, Peters S, Arvold ND, Harsh GR, Steeg PS, Chang SD. Brain metastases. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2019; 5:5. [PMID: 30655533 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-018-0055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 544] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An estimated 20% of all patients with cancer will develop brain metastases, with the majority of brain metastases occurring in those with lung, breast and colorectal cancers, melanoma or renal cell carcinoma. Brain metastases are thought to occur via seeding of circulating tumour cells into the brain microvasculature; within this unique microenvironment, tumour growth is promoted and the penetration of systemic medical therapies is limited. Development of brain metastases remains a substantial contributor to overall cancer mortality in patients with advanced-stage cancer because prognosis remains poor despite multimodal treatments and advances in systemic therapies, which include a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapies. Thus, interest abounds in understanding the mechanisms that drive brain metastases so that they can be targeted with preventive therapeutic strategies and in understanding the molecular characteristics of brain metastases relative to the primary tumour so that they can inform targeted therapy selection. Increased molecular understanding of the disease will also drive continued development of novel immunotherapies and targeted therapies that have higher bioavailability beyond the blood-tumour barrier and drive advances in radiotherapies and minimally invasive surgical techniques. As these discoveries and innovations move from the realm of basic science to preclinical and clinical applications, future outcomes for patients with brain metastases are almost certain to improve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achal Singh Achrol
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosciences, John Wayne Cancer Institute and Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
| | - Robert C Rennert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Carey Anders
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Manmeet S Ahluwalia
- Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lakshmi Nayak
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Solange Peters
- Medical Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nils D Arvold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Center, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Griffith R Harsh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California-Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Patricia S Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven D Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California-Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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34
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Buga AM, Docea AO, Albu C, Malin RD, Branisteanu DE, Ianosi G, Ianosi SL, Iordache A, Calina D. Molecular and cellular stratagem of brain metastases associated with melanoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4170-4175. [PMID: 30944612 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors of the central nervous system are the most prevalent complications of melanoma, especially in the late stage of disease. Melanoma, lung and breast cancer are the leading cause of secondary tumors in the brain, the majority of them having a poor outcome. Brain dissemination is developed in half of stage IV melanomas and these cases can increase up to 75%, having a major impact on the quality of life. This review will focus on recent findings that provide new ways to potentially prevent brain metastases in malignant melanoma. The key of these findings is based on the heterogeneity of the melanoma and of the brain metastases at genetic levels. This new era of technologies provides new tools in understanding the dissemination mechanisms of malignant cells. The cellular and molecular changes, the immune status of the patient and the blood-brain barrier permeability are key regulators of cancer cell dissemination. Understanding these mechanisms can render new hope in preventing brain metastases by focusing on melanoma and new pharmacologic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Buga
- Department of Functional Science, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.,Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Carmen Albu
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ramona Denise Malin
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | | | - Gabriel Ianosi
- Department of Surgery, Dermatopharmacy and Cosmetology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Simona Laura Ianosi
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatopharmacy and Cosmetology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Andrei Iordache
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Dermatopharmacy and Cosmetology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Dermatopharmacy and Cosmetology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Mu W, Wang Z, Zöller M. Ping-Pong-Tumor and Host in Pancreatic Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1359. [PMID: 31921628 PMCID: PMC6927459 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of high pancreatic cancer (PaCa) mortality and trials dampening PaCa mortality rates are not satisfying. Tumor progression is driven by the crosstalk between tumor cells, predominantly cancer-initiating cells (CIC), and surrounding cells and tissues as well as distant organs, where tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEX) are of major importance. A strong stroma reaction, recruitment of immunosuppressive leukocytes, perineural invasion, and early spread toward the peritoneal cavity, liver, and lung are shared with several epithelial cell-derived cancer, but are most prominent in PaCa. Here, we report on the state of knowledge on the PaCIC markers Tspan8, alpha6beta4, CD44v6, CXCR4, LRP5/6, LRG5, claudin7, EpCAM, and CD133, which all, but at different steps, are engaged in the metastatic cascade, frequently via PaCIC-TEX. This includes the contribution of PaCIC markers to TEX biogenesis, targeting, and uptake. We then discuss PaCa-selective features, where feedback loops between stromal elements and tumor cells, including distorted transcription, signal transduction, and metabolic shifts, establish vicious circles. For the latter particularly pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) are responsible, furnishing PaCa to cope with poor angiogenesis-promoted hypoxia by metabolic shifts and direct nutrient transfer via vesicles. Furthermore, nerves including Schwann cells deliver a large range of tumor cell attracting factors and Schwann cells additionally support PaCa cell survival by signaling receptor binding. PSC, tumor-associated macrophages, and components of the dysplastic stroma contribute to perineural invasion with signaling pathway activation including the cholinergic system. Last, PaCa aggressiveness is strongly assisted by the immune system. Although rich in immune cells, only immunosuppressive cells and factors are recovered in proximity to tumor cells and hamper effector immune cells entering the tumor stroma. Besides a paucity of immunostimulatory factors and receptors, immunosuppressive cytokines, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T-cells, and M2 macrophages as well as PSC actively inhibit effector cell activation. This accounts for NK cells of the non-adaptive and cytotoxic T-cells of the adaptive immune system. We anticipate further deciphering the molecular background of these recently unraveled intermingled phenomena may turn most lethal PaCa into a curatively treatable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Mu
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong, Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Margot Zöller
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong, Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Fan J, Ray P, Lu Y, Kaur G, Schwarz JJ, Wan LQ. Cell chirality regulates intercellular junctions and endothelial permeability. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat2111. [PMID: 30397640 PMCID: PMC6200360 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat2111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell chirality is a newly discovered intrinsic property of the cell, reflecting the bias of the cell to polarize in the left-right axis. Despite increasing evidence on its substantial role in the asymmetric development of embryos, little is known about implications of cell chirality in physiology and disease. We demonstrate that cell chirality accounts for the nonmonotonic, dose-response relationship between endothelial permeability and protein kinase C (PKC) activation. The permeability of the endothelial cell layer is tightly controlled in our body, and dysregulation often leads to tissue inflammation and diseases. Our results show that low-level PKC activation is sufficient to reverse cell chirality through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT signaling and alters junctional protein organization between cells with opposite chirality, leading to an unexpected substantial change in endothelial permeability. Our findings suggest that cell chirality regulates intercellular junctions in important ways, providing new opportunities for drug delivery across tightly connected semipermeable cellular sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Poulomi Ray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Yaowei Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Gurleen Kaur
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - John J. Schwarz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Leo Q. Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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Non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases and the immune system: From brain metastases development to treatment. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 68:69-79. [PMID: 29883857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastases (BM) are diagnosed frequently in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Despite the high incidence of BM (up to 40% in unselected patients), patients with untreated and/or unstable BM were excluded from pivotal immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) NSCLC trials. Percentage of patients with stable and treated BM in these trials ranged from 9.1 to 14.7% and ICI benefit over chemotherapy was not always demonstrated. Only small trials have been completed that demonstrated ICI efficacy in locally untreated, selected BM patients. With 33%, cranial objective response rate (ORR) was comparable to extracranial ORR and responses were often durable. With the promising survival benefits of ICI, in daily practice also unstable and/or untreated BM patients will often receive treatment with ICI and extrapolating clinical trial data to these patients can be challenging. In this review, we will summarize the preclinical rationale and potential concerns for the use of ICI in BM patients. Furthermore, we will summarize BM subgroup data from the pivotal NSCLC trials, retrospective series, the NSCLC BM specific ICI trials and the use of cranial radiation and ICI. Last, we provide an overview of response measurement criteria and future directions.
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Wilhelm I, Fazakas C, Molnár K, Végh AG, Haskó J, Krizbai IA. Foe or friend? Janus-faces of the neurovascular unit in the formation of brain metastases. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:563-587. [PMID: 28920514 PMCID: PMC5888855 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17732025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the potential obstacle represented by the blood-brain barrier for extravasating malignant cells, metastases are more frequent than primary tumors in the central nervous system. Not only tightly interconnected endothelial cells can hinder metastasis formation, other cells of the brain microenvironment (like astrocytes and microglia) can also be very hostile, destroying the large majority of metastatic cells. However, malignant cells that are able to overcome these harmful mechanisms may benefit from the shielding and even support provided by cerebral endothelial cells, astrocytes and microglia, rendering the brain a sanctuary site against anti-tumor strategies. Thus, cells of the neurovascular unit have a Janus-faced attitude towards brain metastatic cells, being both destructive and protective. In this review, we present the main mechanisms of brain metastasis formation, including those involved in extravasation through the brain vasculature and survival in the cerebral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Csilla Fazakas
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kinga Molnár
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila G Végh
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Haskó
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István A Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
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LncRNA CASC9 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma metastasis through upregulating LAMC2 expression by interacting with the CREB-binding protein. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:1980-1995. [PMID: 29511340 PMCID: PMC6219493 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the main subtype of esophageal cancer. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are thought to play a critical role in cancer development. Recently, lncRNA CASC9 was shown to be dysregulated in many cancer types, but the mechanisms whereby this occurs remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that CASC9 was significantly upregulated in ESCC tissues, with further analysis revealing that elevated CASC9 expression was associated with ESCC prognosis and metastasis. Furthermore, we found that CASC9 knockdown significantly repressed ESCC migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in nude mice in vivo. A microarray analysis and mechanical experiments indicated that CASC9 preferentially affected gene expression linked to ECM–integrin interactions, including LAMC2, an upstream inducer of the integrin pathway. We demonstrated that LAMC2 was consistently upregulated in ESCC and promoted ESCC metastasis. LAMC2 overexpression partially compromised the decrease of cell migration and invasion capacity in CASC9 knockdowns. In addition, we found that both CASC9 and LAMC2 depletion reduced the phosphorylation of FAK, PI3K, and Akt, which are downstream effectors of the integrin pathway. Moreover, the reduction in phosphorylation caused by CASC9 depletion was rescued by LAMC2 overexpression, further confirming that CASC9 exerts a pro-metastatic role through LAMC2. Mechanistically, RNA pull-down and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay indicated that CASC9 could bind with the transcriptional coactivator CREB-binding protein (CBP) in the nucleus. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay additionally illustrated that CASC9 increased the enrichment of CBP and H3K27 acetylation in the LAMC2 promoter, thereby upregulating LAMC2 expression. In conclusion, we demonstrate that CASC9 upregulates LAMC2 expression by binding with CBP and modifying histone acetylation. Our research reveals the prognostic and pro-metastatic roles for CASC9 in ESCC, suggesting that CASC9 could serve as a biomarker for prognosis and a target for metastasis treatment.
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Fu BM. Tumor Metastasis in the Microcirculation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1097:201-218. [PMID: 30315547 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96445-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cell metastasis through blood circulation is a complex process and is one of the great challenges in cancer research as metastatic spread is responsible for ∼90% of cancer-related mortality. Tumor cell intravasation into, arrest and adhesion at, and extravasation from the microvessel walls are critical steps in metastatic spread. Understanding these steps may lead to new therapeutic concepts for tumor metastasis. Vascular endothelium forming the microvessel wall and the glycocalyx layer at its surface are the principal barriers to and regulators of the material exchange between circulating blood and body tissues. The cleft between adjacent endothelial cells is the principal pathway for water and solute transport through the microvessel wall in health. Recently, this cleft has been found to be the location for tumor cell adhesion and extravasation. The blood-flow-induced hydrodynamic factors such as shear rates and stresses, shear rate and stress gradients, as well as vorticities, especially at the branches and turns of microvasculatures, also play important roles in tumor cell arrest and adhesion. This chapter therefore reports the current advances from in vivo animal studies and in vitro culture cell studies to demonstrate how the endothelial integrity or microvascular permeability, hydrodynamic factors, microvascular geometry, cell adhesion molecules, and surrounding extracellular matrix affect critical steps of tumor metastasis in the microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingmei M Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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41
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Netrin-1 suppresses the MEK/ERK pathway and ITGB4 in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:24719-33. [PMID: 27034160 PMCID: PMC5029736 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The axon guidance factor netrin-1 promotes tumorigenesis in multiple types of cancers, particularly at their advanced stages. Here, we investigate whether netrin-1 is involved in the in vivo growth of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We show that netrin-1 is significantly under-expressed in stage-I/II pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Netrin-1 over-expression effectively arrests the growth of xenografted PDAC cells without decreasing cell proliferation or increasing apoptosis in two-dimensional cultures in vitro. Integrin-beta4 (ITGB4) expression is significantly reduced, and ITGB4-knockdown mimics the tumor-suppressive effect of netrin-1, implying that ITGB4 is a main target of netrin-1 in constraining PDAC. We further show that netrin-1 signals to UNC5B/FAK to stimulate nitric oxide production, which promotes PP2A-mediated inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway and decreases phosphorylated-c-Jun recruitment to the ITGB4 promoter. Our findings suggest that netrin-1 can suppress the growth of PDAC and provide a mechanistic insight into this suppression.
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Esposito E, Cortesi R, Drechsler M, Fan J, Fu BM, Calderan L, Mannucci S, Boschi F, Nastruzzi C. Nanoformulations for dimethyl fumarate: Physicochemical characterization and in vitro / in vivo behavior. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 115:285-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Custódio-Santos T, Videira M, Brito MA. Brain metastasization of breast cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:132-147. [PMID: 28341420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system metastases have been reported in 15-25% of breast cancer patients, and the incidence is increasing. Moreover, the survival of these patients is generally poor, with reports of a 1-year survival rate of 20%. Therefore, a better knowledge about the determinants of brain metastasization is essential for the improvement of the clinical outcomes. Here, we summarize the current data about the metastatic cascade, ranging from the output of cancer cells from the primary tumour to their colonization in the brain, which involves the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion of mammary tissue, intravasation into circulation, and homing into and extravasation towards the brain. The phenotypic change in malignant cells, and the importance of the microenvironment in the formation of brain metastases are also inspected. Finally, the importance of genetic and epigenetic changes, and the recently disclosed effects of microRNAs in brain metastasization of breast cancer are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Custódio-Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Videira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Alexandra Brito
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
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44
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The opposing roles of laminin-binding integrins in cancer. Matrix Biol 2017; 57-58:213-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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45
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The brain metastatic niche. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 93:1213-20. [PMID: 26489608 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metastasizing cancer cells that arrest in brain microvessels have to face an organ microenvironment that is alien, and exclusive. In order to survive and thrive in this foreign soil, the malignant cells need to successfully master a sequence of steps that includes close interactions with pre-existing brain microvessels, and other nonmalignant cell types. Unfortunately, a relevant number of circulating cancer cells is capable of doing so: brain metastasis is a frequent and devastating complication of solid tumors, becoming ever more important in times where the systemic tumor disease is better controlled and life of cancer patients is prolonged. Thus, it is very important to understand which environmental cues are necessary for effective brain colonization. This review gives an overview of the niches we know, including those who govern cancer cell dormancy, survival, and proliferation in the brain. Colonization of pre-existing niches related to stemness and resistance is a hallmark of successful brain metastasis. A deeper understanding of those host factors can help to identify the most vulnerable steps of the metastatic cascade, which might be most amenable to therapeutic interventions.
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46
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Farber SH, Tsvankin V, Narloch JL, Kim GJ, Salama AKS, Vlahovic G, Blackwell KL, Kirkpatrick JP, Fecci PE. Embracing rejection: Immunologic trends in brain metastasis. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1172153. [PMID: 27622023 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1172153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases represent the most common type of brain tumor. These tumors offer a dismal prognosis and significantly impact quality of life for patients. Their capacity for central nervous system (CNS) invasion is dependent upon induced disruptions to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), alterations to the brain microenvironment, and mechanisms for escaping CNS immunosurveillance. In the emerging era of immunotherapy, understanding how metastases are influenced by the immunologic peculiarities of the CNS will be crucial to forging therapeutic advances. In this review, the immunology of brain metastasis is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Harrison Farber
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Vadim Tsvankin
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jessica L Narloch
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Grace J Kim
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - April K S Salama
- Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gordana Vlahovic
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kimberly L Blackwell
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John P Kirkpatrick
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peter E Fecci
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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47
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Zhang L, Zeng M, Fu BM. Inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase decreases breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 adhesion to intact microvessels under physiological flows. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1735-47. [PMID: 27059076 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00109.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) at different concentrations may promote or inhibit tumor growth and metastasis under various conditions. To test the hypothesis that tumor cells prefer to adhere to the locations with a higher endothelial NO production in intact microvessels under physiological flows and to further test that inhibiting NO production decreases tumor cell adhesion, we used intravital fluorescence microscopy to measure NO production and tumor cell adhesion in postcapillary venules of rat mesentery under normal and reduced flow conditions, and in the presence of an endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor, N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA). Rats (SD, 250-300 g) were anesthetized. A midline incision (∼2 inch) was made in the abdominal wall, and the mesentery was taken out from the abdominal cavity and spread over a coverslip for the measurement. An individual postcapillary venule (35-50 μm) was first loaded with 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-2 DA), a fluorescent indictor for NO. Then the DAF-2 intensity was measured for 30 min under a normal or reduced flow velocity, with and without perfusion with MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, and in the presence of l-NMMA. We found that tumor cells prefer to adhere to the microvessel locations with a higher NO production such as curved portions. Inhibition of eNOS by l-NMMA attenuated the flow-induced NO production and reduced tumor cell adhesion. We also found that l-NMMA treatment for ∼40 min reduced microvessel permeability to albumin. Our results suggest that inhibition of eNOS is a good approach to preventing tumor cell adhesion to intact microvessels under physiological flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Min Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Bingmei M Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York
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48
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Fan J, Fu BM. Quantification of Malignant Breast Cancer Cell MDA-MB-231 Transmigration Across Brain and Lung Microvascular Endothelium. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 44:2189-201. [PMID: 26603751 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1517-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cell extravasation through the endothelial barrier forming the microvessel wall is a crucial step during tumor metastasis. However, where, how and how fast tumor cells transmigrate through endothelial barriers remain unclear. Using an in vitro transwell model, we performed a transmigration assay of malignant breast tumor cells (MDA-MB-231) through brain and lung microvascular endothelial monolayers under control and pathological conditions. The locations and rates of tumor cell transmigration as well as the changes in the structural components (integrity) of endothelial monolayers were quantified by confocal microscopy. Endothelial monolayer permeability to albumin P (albumin) was also quantified under the same conditions. We found that about 98% of transmigration occurred at the joints of endothelial cells instead of cell bodies; tumor cell adhesion and transmigration degraded endothelial surface glycocalyx and disrupted endothelial junction proteins, consequently increased P (albumin); more tumor cells adhered to and transmigrated through the endothelial monolayer with higher P (albumin); P (albumin) and tumor transmigration were increased by vascular endothelial growth factor, a representative of cytokines, and lipopolysaccharides, a typical systemic inflammatory factor, but reduced by adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate. These results suggest that reinforcing endothelial structural integrity is an effective approach for inhibiting tumor extravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Bingmei M Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
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Fu BM, Yang J, Cai B, Fan J, Zhang L, Zeng M. Reinforcing endothelial junctions prevents microvessel permeability increase and tumor cell adhesion in microvessels in vivo. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15697. [PMID: 26507779 PMCID: PMC4623601 DOI: 10.1038/srep15697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell adhesion to the microvessel wall is a critical step during tumor metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a secretion of tumor cells, can increase microvessel permeability and tumor cell adhesion in the microvessel. To test the hypothesis that inhibiting permeability increase can reduce tumor cell adhesion, we used in vivo fluorescence microscopy to measure both microvessel permeability and adhesion rates of human mammary carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells in post-capillary venules of rat mesentery under the treatment of VEGF and a cAMP analog, 8-bromo-cAMP, which can decrease microvessel permeability. By immunostaining adherens junction proteins between endothelial cells forming the microvessel wall, we further investigated the structural mechanism by which cAMP abolishes VEGF-induced increase in microvessel permeability and tumor cell adhesion. Our results demonstrate that 1) Pretreatment of microvessels with cAMP can abolish VEGF-enhanced microvessel permeability and tumor cell adhesion; 2) Tumor cells prefer to adhere to the endothelial cell junctions instead of cell bodies; 3) VEGF increases microvessel permeability and tumor cell adhesion by compromising endothelial junctions while cAMP abolishes these effects of VEGF by reinforcing the junctions. These results suggest that strengthening the microvessel wall integrity can be a potential approach to inhibiting hematogenous tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingmei M Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031
| | - Jinlin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031
| | - Bin Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031
| | - Min Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031
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Gupta P, Srivastava SK. Inhibition of Integrin-HER2 signaling by Cucurbitacin B leads to in vitro and in vivo breast tumor growth suppression. Oncotarget 2015; 5:1812-28. [PMID: 24729020 PMCID: PMC4039119 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2, an oncogenic receptor is overexpressed in about 25-30% of breast cancer patients. HER2 has been shown to play role in tumor promotion by having cross-talk with multiple oncogenic pathways in cancer cells. Our results show that Cucurbitacin B (CuB), a triterpenoid steroidal compound inhibited the growth of various breast cancer cells with an IC50 ranging from 18-50nM after 48 and 72 h of treatment. Our study also revealed the significant inhibitory effects of CuB on HER2 and integrin signaling in breast cancer. Notably, CuB inhibited ITGA6 and ITGB4 (integrin α6 & integrin β4), which are overexpressed in breast cancer. Furthermore, CuB also induced the expression of major ITGB1and ITGB3, which are known to cause integrin-mediated cell death. In addition, we observed that TGFβ treatment resulted in the increased association of HER2 with ITGA6 and this association was inhibited by CuB treatment. Efficacy of CuB was tested in vivo using two different orthotopic models of breast cancer. MDA-MB-231 and 4T-1 cells were injected orthotopically in the mammary fat pad of female athymic nude mice or BALB/c mice respectively. Our results showed that CuB administration inhibited MDA-MB-231 orthotopic tumors by 55%, and 4T-1 tumors by 40%. The 4T-1 cells represent stage IV breast cancer and form very aggressive tumors. CuB mediated breast tumor growth suppression was associated with the inhibition of HER2/integrin signaling. Our results suggest novel targets of CuB in breast cancer in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
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