1
|
Deiab NS, Kodous AS, Mahfouz MK, Said AM, Ghobashy MM, Abozaid OAR. Smart Hesperidin/Chitosan Nanogel Mitigates Apoptosis and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Fluoride and Aluminum-Induced Testicular Injury. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:4106-4124. [PMID: 38087036 PMCID: PMC11252208 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Fluoride and aluminum are ubiquitous toxic metals with adverse reproductive effects. The citrus flavonoid hesperidin has protective activities but poor solubility and bioavailability. Nanoparticulate delivery systems can improve flavonoid effectiveness. We conducted this study to prepare a pH-responsive chitosan-based nanogel for hesperidin delivery and evaluate its effectiveness against sodium fluoride (NaF) and aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induced testicular toxicity in mice. The nanogel was synthesized using 2 kGy gamma irradiation, enabling a size under 200 nm and enhanced hesperidin release at pH 6 matching testicular acidity. Male mice received 200 mg/kg AlCl3 and 10 mg/kg NaF daily for 30 days. Hesperidin nanogel at 20 mg/kg was administered orally either prophylactically (pretreatment) or after intoxication (posttreatment). The results showed that AlCl3 + NaF induced severe oxidative stress, hormonal disturbance, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, evidenced by significant changes in the studied parameters and testicular histological damage. Hesperidin nanogel administration significantly inhibited oxidative stress markers, restored luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone levels, and alleviated tissue damage compared to the intoxicated group. It also downregulated the expression level of pro-apoptotic genes Bax, caspase-3, caspase-9, and P38MAPK, while upregulating the expression level of the anti-apoptotic BCL2 gene. Endoplasmic reticulum stress sensors PERK, ATF6, and IRE-α were also downregulated by the nanogel. The chitosan-based nanogel enhanced the delivery and efficacy of poorly bioavailable hesperidin, exhibiting remarkable protective effects against AlCl3 and NaF reproductive toxicity. This innovative nanosystem represents a promising approach to harnessing bioactive phytochemicals with delivery challenges, enabling protective effects against chemical-induced testicular damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora S Deiab
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Al Qalyubiyah, Egypt.
| | - Ahmad S Kodous
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 13759, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), P.O. Box 600036, 38, Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mohamed K Mahfouz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Al Qalyubiyah, Egypt
| | - Alshaimaa M Said
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Al Qalyubiyah, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mohamady Ghobashy
- Radiation Research of Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omayma A R Abozaid
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Al Qalyubiyah, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zheng X, Pang Y, Hasenbilige, Yang Y, Li Q, Liu Y, Cao J. ATF4-mediated different mode of interaction between autophagy and mTOR determines cell fate dependent on the level of ER stress induced by Cr(VI). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116639. [PMID: 38964069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] exists widely in occupational environments. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been well-documented to regulate autophagy negatively. However, we found that low concentration of Cr(VI) (0.2 μM) elevated both mTOR and autophagy and promote cell survival. Conversely, high concentration of Cr(VI) (6 μM) caused cell death by inhibiting mTOR and subsequently inducing autophagy. Tunicamycin (Tm), as an Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activator was used to induce mild ER stress at 0.1 μg/ml and it activated both autophagy and mTOR, which also caused cell migration in a similar manner to that observed with low concentration of Cr(VI). Severe ER stress caused by Tm (2 μg/ml) decreased mTOR, increased autophagy and then inhibited cell migration, which was the same as 6 μM Cr(VI) treatment, although Cr(VI) in high concentration inhibited ER stress. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a downstream target of ER stress, only increased under mild ER stress but decreased under severe ER stress and 6 μM Cr(VI) treatment. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiment indicated that ATF4 could bind to the promoter of ATG4B and AKT1. To sum up, our data revealed that mild ER stress induced by low concentration of Cr(VI) could enhance transcriptional regulation of ATG4B and AKT1 by ATF4, which induced both autophagy and mTOR to promote cell viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116027, China
| | - Yuxin Pang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Hasenbilige
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yanqiu Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qiujuan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China.
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lv J, Kou N, Li Y, Qiu K, Guo X, Zhang L, Zhang Z, He S, Yuan Y. Identification and Verification of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related Genes as Novel Signatures for Osteoarthritis Diagnosis and Therapy: A Bioinformatics Analysis-Oriented Pilot Study. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10818-1. [PMID: 38734758 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has been reported to be closely associated with the development of osteoarthritis (OA), but the underlying mechanisms are not fully delineated. The present study was designed to investigate the involvement of ERS-related genes in regulating OA progression. METHODS The expression profiles of OA patients and normal people were downloaded from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in datasets GSE55457 and GSE55235 were screened and identified by R software with the construction of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Through the STRING and Venn diagram analysis, hub ERS-related genes were obtained. Gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed. Biomarkers with high diagnostic values of osteoarthritis (OA) were studied. The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and micro-CT were applied to evaluate the establishment of the OA model. The expression levels of biomarkers were validated with the use of reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot. Finally, we evaluated the correlations of hub ERS-related genes with the immune infiltration cells via the CIBERSORT algorithm. RESULTS A total of 60 downregulated and 52 upregulated DEGs were identified, and the following GO and KEGG pathway analyses verified that those DEGs were mainly enriched in biological process (BP), cellular component (CC), molecular function (MF), and inflammation-associated signal pathways. Interestingly, among all the DEGs, six ER stress-associated genes, including activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), DEAD-Box Helicase 3 X-Linked (DDX3X), AP-1 transcription factor subunit (JUN), eukaryotic initiation factor 4 (EIF4A1), KDEL endoplasmic reticulum protein retention receptor 3 (KDELR3), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), were found to be closely associated with OA progression, and the following RT-qPCR and Western Blot analysis confirmed that DDX3X, JUN, and VEGFA were upregulated, whereas KDELR3, EIF4A1, and ATF3 were downregulated in OA rats tissues compared to the normal tissues, which were in accordance with our bioinformatics findings. Furthermore, our receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis verified that the above six ER stress-associated genes could be used as ideal biomarkers for OA diagnosis and those genes also potentially regulated immune responses by influencing the biological functions of mast cells and macrophages. CONCLUSION Collectively, the present study firstly identified six ER stress-associated genes (ATF3, DDX3X, JUN, EIF4A1, KDELR3, and VEGFA) that may play critical role in regulating the progression of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lv
- Department of Trauma Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374 Yunnan-Myanmar Avenue, Kunming, 650101, China
| | - Nannan Kou
- Department of Trauma Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374 Yunnan-Myanmar Avenue, Kunming, 650101, China
| | - Yunxuan Li
- Department of Trauma Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374 Yunnan-Myanmar Avenue, Kunming, 650101, China
| | - Kejia Qiu
- Department of Trauma Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374 Yunnan-Myanmar Avenue, Kunming, 650101, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Department of Trauma Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374 Yunnan-Myanmar Avenue, Kunming, 650101, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Trauma Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374 Yunnan-Myanmar Avenue, Kunming, 650101, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Department of Trauma Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374 Yunnan-Myanmar Avenue, Kunming, 650101, China
| | - Shaoxuan He
- Department of Trauma Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374 Yunnan-Myanmar Avenue, Kunming, 650101, China.
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Trauma Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374 Yunnan-Myanmar Avenue, Kunming, 650101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schmidt KE, Höving AL, Nowak K, an Mey N, Kiani Zahrani S, Nemeita B, Riedel L, Majewski A, Kaltschmidt B, Knabbe C, Kaltschmidt C. Serum Induces the Subunit-Specific Activation of NF-κB in Proliferating Human Cardiac Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3593. [PMID: 38612406 PMCID: PMC11012129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are often linked to ageing and are the major cause of death worldwide. The declined proliferation of adult stem cells in the heart often impedes its regenerative potential. Thus, an investigation of the proliferative potential of adult human cardiac stem cells (hCSCs) might be of great interest for improving cell-based treatments of cardiovascular diseases. The application of human blood serum was already shown to enhance hCSC proliferation and reduce senescence. Here, the underlying signalling pathways of serum-mediated hCSC proliferation were studied. We are the first to demonstrate the involvement of the transcription factor NF-κB in the serum-mediated proliferative response of hCSCs by utilizing the NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) revealed ATF6B, COX5B, and TNFRSF14 as potential targets of NF-κB that are involved in serum-induced hCSC proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko E. Schmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
- Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
- Medical Faculty Ostwestfalen-Lippe, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anna L. Höving
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
- Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
- Medical Faculty Ostwestfalen-Lippe, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Katja Nowak
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
- Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
- Medical Faculty Ostwestfalen-Lippe, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nike an Mey
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Sina Kiani Zahrani
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Britta Nemeita
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Lena Riedel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Agnes Majewski
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- AG Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
- Medical Faculty Ostwestfalen-Lippe, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany (N.a.M.); (S.K.Z.); (B.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim R, Kin T, Beck WT. Impact of Complex Apoptotic Signaling Pathways on Cancer Cell Sensitivity to Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:984. [PMID: 38473345 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Anticancer drugs induce apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death in various cancer types. The signaling pathways for anticancer drug-induced apoptotic cell death have been shown to differ between drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cells. In atypical multidrug-resistant leukemia cells, the c-Jun/activator protein 1 (AP-1)/p53 signaling pathway leading to apoptotic death is altered. Cancer cells treated with anticancer drugs undergo c-Jun/AP-1-mediated apoptotic death and are involved in c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation and growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (Gadd153)/CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein pathway induction, regardless of the p53 genotype. Gadd153 induction is associated with mitochondrial membrane permeabilization after anticancer drug treatment and involves a coupled endoplasmic reticulum stress response. The induction of apoptosis by anticancer drugs is mediated by the intrinsic pathway (cytochrome c, Cyt c) and subsequent activation of the caspase cascade via proapoptotic genes (e.g., Bax and Bcl-xS) and their interactions. Anticancer drug-induced apoptosis involves caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways and occurs via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. The targeting of antiapoptotic genes such as Bcl-2 enhances anticancer drug efficacy. The modulation of apoptotic signaling by Bcl-xS transduction increases the sensitivity of multidrug resistance-related protein-overexpressing epidermoid carcinoma cells to anticancer drugs. The significance of autophagy in cancer therapy remains to be elucidated. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of cancer cell death-related signaling pathways and their alterations during anticancer drug treatment and discuss potential strategies to enhance treatment efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryungsa Kim
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hiroshima Mark Clinic, 1-4-3F, 2-Chome Ohte-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730-0051, Japan
| | - Takanori Kin
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - William T Beck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Han J, Jia D, Yao H, Xu C, Huan Z, Jin H, Ge X. GRP78 improves the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells on hemorrhagic shock-induced liver injury: Involvement of the NF-кB and HO-1/Nrf-2 pathways. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23334. [PMID: 38050647 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301456rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a popular cell source for repairing the liver. Improving the survival rate and colonization time of MSCs may significantly improve the therapeutic outcomes of MSCs. Studies showed that 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) expression improves cell viability and migration. This study aims to examine whether GRP78 overexpression improves the efficacy of rat bone marrow-derived MSCs (rBMSCs) in HS-induced liver damage. Bone marrow was isolated from the femurs and tibias of rats. rBMSCs were transfected with a GFP-labeled GRP78 expression vector. Flow cytometry, transwell invasion assay, scratch assay immunoblotting, TUNEL assay, MTT assay, and ELISA were carried out. The results showed that GRP78 overexpression enhanced the migration and invasion of rBMSCs. Moreover, GRP78-overexpressing rBMSCs relieved liver damage, repressed liver oxidative stress, and inhibited apoptosis. We found that overexpression of GRP78 in rBMSCs inhibited activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, significantly decreased the levels of inflammatory factors, and decreased the expression of CD68. Notably, GRP78 overexpression activated the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway and inhibited the NF-κB pathway. High expression of GRP78 efficiently enhanced the effect of rBMSC therapy. GRP78 may be a potential target to improve the therapeutic efficacy of BMSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Han
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Jia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ce Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Huan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongdou Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Orthopedic Institution of Wuxi City, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun J, Yan Q, Zhang Z, Xu T, Gong Y, Li W, Mai K, Ai Q. Exploring the role of SWI/SNF complex subunit BAF60c in lipid metabolism and inflammation in fish. iScience 2023; 26:108207. [PMID: 37942006 PMCID: PMC10628743 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling plays an important role in regulating gene transcription, in which chromatin remodeling complex is a crucial aspect. Brg1/Brm-associated factor 60c (BAF60c) subunit forms a bridge between chromatin remodeling complexes and transcription factors in mammals; hence, it has received extensive attention. However, the roles of BAF60c in fish remain largely unexplored. In this study, we identified BAF60c-interacting proteins by using HIS-pull-down and LC-MS/MS analysis in fish. Subsequently, the RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify the overall effects of BAF60c. Then, the function of BAF60c was verified through BAF60c knockdown and overexpression experiments. We demonstrated for the first time that BAF60c interacts with glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and regulates lipid metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and inflammation. Knockdown of BAF60c reduces fatty acid biosynthesis, ER stress, and inflammation. In conclusion, the results enriched BAF60c-interacting protein network and explored the function of BAF60c in lipid metabolism and inflammation in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuxin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Gong
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijia Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wan L, Chen Z, Yang J, Wu G, Xu Y, Cui J, Zhao X. Identification of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related signature characterizes the tumor microenvironment and predicts prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19462. [PMID: 37945620 PMCID: PMC10636162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide, with a high mortality rate and unfavorable prognosis. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a key regulator of tumour growth, metastasis, and the response to chemotherapy, targeted therapies and immune response. It acts via responding to misfolded proteins and triggering abnormal activation of ER stress sensors and downstream signalling pathways. Notably, the expression patterns of ER-stress-related-genes (ERSRGs) are indicative of survival outcomes, especially in the context of immune infiltration. Through consensus clustering of prognosis-associated ERSRGs, we delineated two distinct LUAD subtypes: Cluster 1 and Cluster 2. Comprehensive analyses revealed significant disparities between these subtypes in terms of prognosis, immune cell infiltration, and tumor progression. Leveraging the robustness of LASSO regression and Multivariate stepwise regression, we constructed and validated an ER Stress-associated risk signature for LUAD. This signature underwent assessments for its prognostic value, correlation with clinical attributes, and interaction within the tumour immune microenvironment. By integrating this signature with multivariate cox analysis of distinct pathological stages, we devised an enhanced nomogram, validated through various statistical metrics, with an area under the curve for overall survival at 1, 3, and 5 years post-diagnosis being 0.79, 0.80, and 0.81, respectively. In conclusion, our findings introduce a composite signature of 11 pivotal ERSRGs, holding promise as a potent prognostic tool for LUAD, and offering insights for immunotherapeutic and targeted intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wan
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhike Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gaotian Wu
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wuzhong District People's Hospital, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xueping Zhao
- School of Nursing, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Park SB, Cho GH, Park YE, Chun HS. Emodin, an Emerging Mycotoxin, Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related Hepatotoxicity through IRE1α-XBP1 Axis in HepG2 Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:455. [PMID: 37505724 PMCID: PMC10467057 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Emodin, an emerging mycotoxin, is known to be hepatotoxic, but its mechanism remains unclear. We hypothesized that emodin could induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α)-X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) pathway and apoptosis, which are closely correlated and contribute to hepatotoxicity. To test this hypothesis, a novel IRE1α inhibitor, STF-083010, was used. An MTT assay was used to evaluate metabolic activity, and quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to investigate the gene and protein expression of ER stress or apoptosis-related markers. Apoptosis was evaluated with flow cytometry. Results showed that emodin induced cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner in HepG2 cells and upregulated the expression of binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), IRE1α, spliced XBP1, the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax)/Bcl-2 ratio, and cleaved caspase-3. Cotreatment with emodin and STF-083010 led to the downregulation of BiP and upregulation of CHOP, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and cleaved caspase-3 compared with single treatment with emodin. Furthermore, the apoptosis rate was increased in a dose-dependent manner with emodin treatment. Thus, emodin induced ER stress in HepG2 cells by activating the IRE1α-XBP1 axis and induced apoptosis, indicating that emodin can cause hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hyang Sook Chun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea; (S.B.P.); (G.H.C.); (Y.E.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu S, Ren J, Lewis JM, Carlson KR, Girardi M. Proteasome Inhibitors Interact Synergistically with BCL2, Histone Deacetylase, BET, and Jak Inhibitors against Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1322-1325.e3. [PMID: 36642402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jingjing Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Julia M Lewis
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kacie R Carlson
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael Girardi
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Erzurumlu Y, Aydogdu E, Dogan HK, Catakli D, Muhammed MT, Buyuksandic B. 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 induced vitamin D receptor signaling negatively regulates endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) and androgen receptor signaling in human prostate cancer cells. Cell Signal 2023; 103:110577. [PMID: 36567009 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormone signaling is critical in the tumor progression and the regulation of physiological mechanisms such as endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) and unfolded protein response (UPR) in prostate cancer. 1,25(OH)2 D3 is an active metabolite of vitamin D classified as a steroid hormone. It exhibits anti-tumor effects, including angiogenesis and suppression of cell cycle progression. Moreover, progressively reducing expression levels of vitamin D receptor (VDR) are observed in many cancer types, including the prostate. In the present study, we investigated the molecular action of 1,25(OH)2 D3 on ERAD, UPR and androgenic signaling. We found that 1,25(OH)2 D3 negatively regulated the expression level of ERAD components and divergently controlled the inositol-requiring enzyme 1⍺ (IRE1⍺) and protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) branches of UPR in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Also, similar results were obtained with another human prostate cancer cell line, 22Rv1. More strikingly, we found that androgenic signaling is negatively regulated by VDR signaling. Also, molecular docking supported the inhibitory effect of 1,25(OH)2 D3 on AR signaling. Moreover, we found VDR signaling suppressed tumor progression by decreasing c-Myc expression and reducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Additionally, 1,25(OH)2 D3 treatment significantly inhibited the 3D-tumor formation of LNCaP cells. Our results suggest that further molecular characterization of the action of VDR signaling in other cancer types such as estrogenic signal in breast cancer will provide important contributions to a better understanding of the roles of steroid hormone receptors in carcinogenesis processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalcin Erzurumlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Esra Aydogdu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Institute of Health Sciences, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey
| | - Hatice Kubra Dogan
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Science, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Deniz Catakli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Muhammed Tilahun Muhammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Buket Buyuksandic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
DHA Induces Cell Death through the Production of ROS and the Upregulation of CHOP in Fibroblast-like Synovial Cells from Human Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021734. [PMID: 36675245 PMCID: PMC9865349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease marked by a massive proliferation of synovial cells in the joints. In this study, we investigated the pro-apoptotic effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in human fibroblast-like synovial cells from RA patients (RA-FLS). An in vitro study using MH7A cells showed that DHA treatment induced caspase-8-dependent apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner and reduced the TNF-α-mediated induction of MMP-9 and IL-1β. DHA also induced the phosphorylation of eIF2α, the expression of the ER stress markers ATF4 and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and death receptor 5 (DR5). The knockdown of CHOP or DR5 increased cell viability and reduced apoptosis in DHA-treated cells. Furthermore, the knockdown of CHOP reduced DHA-mediated DR5 expression, while the overexpression of CHOP increased DR5 expression. We also found that DHA treatment induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and pretreatment with the anti-oxidant Tiron effectively abrogated not only the expression of CHOP and DR5, but also DHA-induced apoptosis. Under this condition, cell viability was increased, while PARP-1 cleavage and caspase-8 activation were reduced. All the findings were reproduced in human primary synovial cells obtained from RA patients. These results suggest that the DHA-mediated induction of ROS and CHOP induced apoptosis through the upregulation of DR5 in RA-FLSs, and that CHOP could be used as a therapy for RA.
Collapse
|
13
|
Xiong E, Popp O, Salomon C, Mertins P, Kocks C, Rajewsky K, Chu VT. A CRISPR/Cas9-mediated screen identifies determinants of early plasma cell differentiation. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1083119. [PMID: 36685499 PMCID: PMC9849354 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1083119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells depends on cell division-coupled, epigenetic and other cellular processes that are incompletely understood. Methods We have developed a CRISPR/Cas9-based screen that models an early stage of T cell-dependent plasma cell differentiation and measures B cell survival or proliferation versus the formation of CD138+ plasmablasts. Here, we refined and extended this screen to more than 500 candidate genes that are highly expressed in plasma cells. Results Among known genes whose deletion preferentially or mostly affected plasmablast formation were the transcription factors Prdm1 (BLIMP1), Irf4 and Pou2af1 (OBF-1), and the Ern1 gene encoding IRE1a, while deletion of XBP1, the transcriptional master regulator that specifies the expansion of the secretory program in plasma cells, had no effect. Defective plasmablast formation caused by Ern1 deletion could not be rescued by the active, spliced form of XBP1 whose processing is dependent on and downstream of IRE1a, suggesting that in early plasma cell differentiation IRE1a acts independently of XBP1. Moreover, we newly identified several genes involved in NF-kB signaling (Nfkbia), vesicle trafficking (Arf4, Preb) and epigenetic regulators that form part of the NuRD complex (Hdac1, Mta2, Mbd2) to be required for plasmablast formation. Deletion of ARF4, a small GTPase required for COPI vesicle formation, impaired plasmablast formation and blocked antibody secretion. After Hdac1 deletion plasmablast differentiation was consistently reduced by about 50%, while deletion of the closely related Hdac2 gene had no effect. Hdac1 knock-out led to strongly perturbed protein expression of antagonistic transcription factors that govern plasma cell versus B cell identity (by decreasing IRF4 and BLIMP1 and increasing BACH2 and PAX5). Discussion Taken together, our results highlight specific and non-redundant roles for Ern1, Arf4 and Hdac1 in the early steps of plasma cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ermeng Xiong
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Popp
- Proteomics platform, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Salomon
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Proteomics platform, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Kocks
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany,Genome Engineering & Disease Models, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Rajewsky
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany,*Correspondence: Klaus Rajewsky, ; Van Trung Chu,
| | - Van Trung Chu
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany,Genome Engineering & Disease Models, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany,*Correspondence: Klaus Rajewsky, ; Van Trung Chu,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Barzegari A, Omidi Y, Gueguen V, Meddahi-Pellé A, Letourneur D, Pavon-Djavid G. Nesting and fate of transplanted stem cells in hypoxic/ischemic injured tissues: The role of HIF1α/sirtuins and downstream molecular interactions. Biofactors 2023; 49:6-20. [PMID: 32939878 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nesting mechanisms and programming for the fate of implanted stem cells in the damaged tissue have been critical issues in designing and achieving cell therapies. The fracture site can induce senescence or apoptosis based on the surrounding harsh conditions, hypoxia, and oxidative stress (OS). Respiration deficiency, disruption in energy metabolism, and consequently OS induction change the biophysical, biochemical, and cellular components of the native tissue. Additionally, the homeostatic molecular players and cell signaling might be changed. Despite all aforementioned issues, in the native stem cell niche, physiological hypoxia is not toxic; rather, it is vitally required for homing, self-renewal, and differentiation. Hence, the key macromolecular players involved in the support of stem cell survival and re-adaptation to a new dysfunctional niche must be understood for managing the cell therapy outcome. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha is the master transcriptional regulator, involved in the cell response to hypoxia and the adaptation of stem cells to a new niche. This protein is regulated by interaction with sirtuins. Sirtuins are highly conserved NAD+-dependent enzymes that monitor the cellular energy status and modulate gene transcription, genome stability, and energy metabolism in response to environmental signals to modulate the homing and fate of stem cells. Herein, new insights into the nesting of stem cells in hypoxic-ischemic injured tissues were provided and their programming in a new dysfunctional niche along with the involved complex macromolecular players were critically discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Barzegari
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
| | - Virginie Gueguen
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Anne Meddahi-Pellé
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Didier Letourneur
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Graciela Pavon-Djavid
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Niles J, Singh G, Storey KB. Role of unfolded protein response and ER-associated degradation under freezing, anoxia, and dehydration stresses in the freeze-tolerant wood frogs. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:61-77. [PMID: 36346580 PMCID: PMC9877271 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-022-01307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The North American amphibian, wood frogs, Rana sylvatica are the most studied anuran to comprehend vertebrate freeze tolerance. Multiple adaptations support their survival in frigid temperatures during winters, particularly their ability to produce glucose as natural cryoprotectant. Freezing and its component consequences (anoxia and dehydration) induce multiple stresses on cells. Among these is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a condition spawned by buildup of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER. The ER stress causes the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway that potentially could lead to apoptosis. Immunoblotting was used to assess the responses of major proteins of the UPR and ERAD under freezing, anoxia, and dehydration stresses in the liver and skeletal muscle of the wood frogs. Targets analyzed included activating transcription factors (ATF3, ATF4, ATF6), the growth arrest and DNA damage proteins (GADD34, GADD153), and EDEM (ERAD enhancing α-mannosidase-like proteins) and XBP1 (X-box binding protein 1) proteins. UPR signaling was triggered under all three stresses (freezing, anoxia, dehydration) in liver and skeletal muscle of wood frogs with most tissue/stress responses consistent with an upregulation of the primary targets of all three UPR pathways (ATF4, ATF6, and XBP-1) to enhance the protein folding/refolding capacity under these stress conditions. Only frozen muscle showed preference for proteasomal degradation of misfolded proteins via upregulation of EDEM (ERAD). The ERAD response of liver was downregulated across three stresses suggesting preference for more refolding of misfolded/unfolded proteins. Overall, we conclude that wood frog organs activate the UPR as a means of stabilizing and repairing cellular proteins to best survive freezing exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Niles
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Gurjit Singh
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhu H, Gao M, Sun W, Liu H, Xu S, Li X. ROS/ER stress contributes to trimethyltin chloride-mediated hepatotoxicity; Tea polyphenols alleviate apoptosis and immunosuppression. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 263:109505. [PMID: 36370998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Trimethyltin chloride (TMT) is an organotin-based contaminant present in the water environment that poses a great threat to aquatic organisms and humans. The liver is the detoxification organ of the body and TMT exposure accumulates in the liver. Tea polyphenol (TP) is a natural antioxidant extracted from tea leaves and has been widely used as a food and feed additive. To investigate the mechanism of toxicity caused by TMT exposure on grass carp hepatocytes (L8824 cells) and the mitigating effect of TP, we established a hepatocyte model of TMT toxicity and/or TP treatment. L8824 cells were treated with 0.5 μM of TMT and/or 4 μg/mL of TP for 24 h and assayed for relevant indices. The results showed that TMT exposure caused oxidative stress, resulting in increased intracellular ROS content, resulting in intracellular ROS accumulation and increased MDA content, and inhibiting the activities of T-AOC, SOD, CAT, and GSH. Meanwhile, TMT exposure activated the endoplasmic reticulum apoptotic signaling pathway, resulting in abnormal expression of GRP78, ATF-6, IRE1, PERK, Caspase-3 and Caspase-12. In addition, TMT exposure also led to up-regulation of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and decreased expression of IL-2, IFN-γ, and antimicrobial peptides Hepcidin, β-defensin, and LEAP2. However, the addition of TP could mitigate the above changes. In conclusion, TP can alleviate TMT exposure-mediated hepatotoxicity by inhibiting ROS/ER stress in L8824 cells. In addition, this trial enriches the cytotoxicity study of TMT and provides a new theoretical basis for the use of TP as a mitigating agent for TMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Meichen Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Wenying Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Huanyi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Xiaojing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chua D, Low ZS, Cheam GX, Ng AS, Tan NS. Utility of Human Relevant Preclinical Animal Models in Navigating NAFLD to MAFLD Paradigm. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314762. [PMID: 36499091 PMCID: PMC9737809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease is an emerging contributor to disease burden worldwide. The past decades of work established the heterogeneous nature of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) etiology and systemic contributions to the pathogenesis of the disease. This called for the proposal of a redefinition in 2020 to that of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) to better reflect the current understanding of the disease. To date, several clinical cohort studies comparing NAFLD and MAFLD hint at the relevancy of the new nomenclature in enriching for patients with more severe hepatic injury and extrahepatic comorbidities. However, the underlying systemic pathogenesis is still not fully understood. Preclinical animal models have been imperative in elucidating key biological mechanisms in various contexts, including intrahepatic disease progression, interorgan crosstalk and systemic dysregulation. Furthermore, they are integral in developing novel therapeutics against MAFLD. However, substantial contextual variabilities exist across different models due to the lack of standardization in several aspects. As such, it is crucial to understand the strengths and weaknesses of existing models to better align them to the human condition. In this review, we consolidate the implications arising from the change in nomenclature and summarize MAFLD pathogenesis. Subsequently, we provide an updated evaluation of existing MAFLD preclinical models in alignment with the new definitions and perspectives to improve their translational relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Chua
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (N.S.T.); Tel.: +65-63162941 (N.S.T.); Fax: +65-67913856 (N.S.T.)
| | - Zun Siong Low
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Guo Xiang Cheam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Aik Seng Ng
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (N.S.T.); Tel.: +65-63162941 (N.S.T.); Fax: +65-67913856 (N.S.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bartoszewska S, Collawn JF, Bartoszewski R. The Role of the Hypoxia-Related Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4870. [PMID: 36230792 PMCID: PMC9562011 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite our understanding of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways, the crosstalk between the UPR and the complex signaling networks that different cancers utilize for cell survival remains to be, in most cases, a difficult research barrier. A major problem is the constant variability of different cancer types and the different stages of cancer as well as the complexity of the tumor microenvironments (TME). This complexity often leads to apparently contradictory results. Furthermore, the majority of the studies that have been conducted have utilized two-dimensional in vitro cultures of cancer cells that were exposed to continuous hypoxia, and this approach may not mimic the dynamic and cyclic conditions that are found in solid tumors. Here, we discuss the role of intermittent hypoxia, one of inducers of the UPR in the cellular component of TME, and the way in which intermittent hypoxia induces high levels of reactive oxygen species, the activation of the UPR, and the way in which cancer cells modulate the UPR to aid in their survival. Although the past decade has resulted in defining the complex, novel non-coding RNA-based regulatory networks that modulate the means by which hypoxia influences the UPR, we are now just to beginning to understand some of the connections between hypoxia, the UPR, and the TME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Bartoszewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - James F. Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rafal Bartoszewski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14a Street, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gong T, Liu Y, Tian Z, Zhang M, Gao H, Peng Z, Yin S, Cheung CW, Liu Y. Identification of immune-related endoplasmic reticulum stress genes in sepsis using bioinformatics and machine learning. Front Immunol 2022; 13:995974. [PMID: 36203606 PMCID: PMC9530749 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.995974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis-induced apoptosis of immune cells leads to widespread depletion of key immune effector cells. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in the apoptotic pathway, although little is known regarding its role in sepsis-related immune cell apoptosis. The aim of this study was to develop an ER stress-related prognostic and diagnostic signature for sepsis through bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms on the basis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between healthy controls and sepsis patients. Methods The transcriptomic datasets that include gene expression profiles of sepsis patients and healthy controls were downloaded from the GEO database. The immune-related endoplasmic reticulum stress hub genes associated with sepsis patients were identified using the new comprehensive machine learning algorithm and bioinformatics analysis which includes functional enrichment analyses, consensus clustering, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction. Next, the diagnostic model was established by logistic regression and the molecular subtypes of sepsis were obtained based on the significant DEGs. Finally, the potential diagnostic markers of sepsis were screened among the significant DEGs, and validated in multiple datasets. Results Significant differences in the type and abundance of infiltrating immune cell populations were observed between the healthy control and sepsis patients. The immune-related ER stress genes achieved strong stability and high accuracy in predicting sepsis patients. 10 genes were screened as potential diagnostic markers for sepsis among the significant DEGs, and were further validated in multiple datasets. In addition, higher expression levels of SCAMP5 mRNA and protein were observed in PBMCs isolated from sepsis patients than healthy donors (n = 5). Conclusions We established a stable and accurate signature to evaluate the diagnosis of sepsis based on the machine learning algorithms and bioinformatics. SCAMP5 was preliminarily identified as a diagnostic marker of sepsis that may affect its progression by regulating ER stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongbin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyuan Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hejun Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Youtan Liu, ; Chi Wai Cheung, ; Shuang Yin,
| | - Chi Wai Cheung
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Youtan Liu, ; Chi Wai Cheung, ; Shuang Yin,
| | - Youtan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Youtan Liu, ; Chi Wai Cheung, ; Shuang Yin,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xiao R, You L, Zhang L, Guo X, Guo E, Zhao F, Yang B, Li X, Fu Y, Lu F, Wang Z, Liu C, Peng W, Li W, Yang X, Dou Y, Liu J, Wang W, Qin T, Cui Y, Zhang X, Li F, Jin Y, Zeng Q, Wang B, Mills GB, Chen G, Sheng X, Sun C. Inhibiting the IRE1α Axis of the Unfolded Protein Response Enhances the Antitumor Effect of AZD1775 in TP53 Mutant Ovarian Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105469. [PMID: 35619328 PMCID: PMC9313493 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the G2/M checkpoint mediator WEE1 has been explored as a novel treatment strategy in ovarian cancer, but mechanisms underlying its efficacy and resistance remains to be understood. Here, it is demonstrated that the WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and activates the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) and inositol-required enzyme 1α (IRE1α) branches of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in TP53 mutant (mtTP53) ovarian cancer models. This is facilitated through NF-κB mediated senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Upon AZD1775 treatment, activated PERK promotes apoptotic signaling via C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), while IRE1α-induced splicing of XBP1 (XBP1s) maintains cell survival by repressing apoptosis. This leads to an encouraging synergistic antitumor effect of combining AZD1775 and an IRE1α inhibitor MKC8866 in multiple cell lines and preclinical models of ovarian cancers. Taken together, the data reveal an important dual role of the UPR signaling network in mtTP53 ovarian cancer models in response to AZD1775 and suggest that inhibition of the IRE1α-XBP1s pathway may enhance the efficacy of AZD1775 in the clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rourou Xiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Lixin You
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Li Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Xichen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Environment and HealthMinistry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protectionand State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation)School of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Ensong Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Faming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and HealthMinistry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protectionand State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation)School of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Bin Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Xi Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Yu Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Funian Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Zizhuo Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Chen Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Wenju Peng
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Wenting Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Xiaohang Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Yingyu Dou
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Tianyu Qin
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Yaoyuan Cui
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZheng Zhou450052China
| | - Fuxia Li
- Department of gynecologyFirst Affiliated HospitalShihezi University School of MedicineShiheziXinjiang832000P. R. China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloOslo0371Norway
| | - Qingping Zeng
- Fosun OrinoveInc.Unit 211, Building A4, 218 Xinhu StreetSuzhou215000China
| | - Beibei Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- Department of CellDevelopment and Cancer BiologyKnight Cancer InstituteOregon Health and Sciences UniversityPortlandOR97201USA
| | - Gang Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Xia Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and HealthMinistry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protectionand State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation)School of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Chaoyang Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Gynecology and ObstetricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Cancer Biology Research CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Singlet Oxygen, Photodynamic Therapy, and Mechanisms of Cancer Cell Death. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7211485. [PMID: 35794980 PMCID: PMC9252714 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7211485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be developed into an important arsenal against cancer; it is a minimally invasive therapy, which is used in the treatment or/and palliation of a variety of cancers and benign diseases. The removal of cancerous tissue is achieved with the use of photosensitizer and a light source, which excites the photosensitizer. This excitation causes the photosensitizer to generate singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species. PDT has been used in several types of cancers including nonmelanoma skin cancer, bladder cancer, esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although it is routinely used in nonmelanoma skin cancer, it has not been widely adopted in other solid cancers due to a lack of clinical data showing the superiority of PDT over other forms of treatment. Singlet oxygen used in PDT can alter the activity of the catalase, which induces immunomodulation through HOCl signaling. The singlet oxygen can induce apoptosis through both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. The extrinsic pathway of apoptosis starts with the activation of the Fas receptor by singlet oxygen that leads to activation of the caspase-7 and caspase-3. In the case of the intrinsic pathway, disruption caused by singlet oxygen in the mitochondria membrane leads to the release of cytochrome c, which binds with APAF-1 and procaspase-9, forming a complex, which activates caspase-3. Mechanisms of PDT action can vary according to organelles affected. In the plasma membrane, membrane disruption is caused by the oxidative stress leading to the intake of calcium ions, which causes swelling and rupture of cells due to excess intake of water, whereas disruption of lysosome causes the release of the cathepsins B and D, which cleave Bid into tBid, which changes the mitochondrial outer membrane permeability (MOMP). Oxidative stress causes misfolding of protein in the endoplasmic reticulum. When misfolding exceeds the threshold, it triggers unfolding protein response (UPR), which leads to activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Finally, the activation of p38 MAPK works as an alternative pathway for the induction of MOMP.
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen K, Hu Q, Gupta R, Stephens J, Xie Z, Yang G. Inhibition of unfolded protein response prevents post-anesthesia neuronal hyperactivity and synapse loss in aged mice. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13592. [PMID: 35299279 PMCID: PMC9009124 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Delirium is the most common postoperative complication in older patients after prolonged anesthesia and surgery and is associated with accelerated cognitive decline and dementia. The neuronal pathogenesis of postoperative delirium is largely unknown. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive reaction of cells to perturbations in endoplasmic reticulum function. Dysregulation of UPR has been implicated in a variety of diseases including Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. However, whether UPR plays a role in anesthesia-induced cognitive impairment remains unexplored. By performing in vivo calcium imaging in the mouse frontal cortex, we showed that exposure of aged mice to the inhalational anesthetic sevoflurane for 2 hours resulted in a marked elevation of neuronal activity during recovery, which lasted for at least 24 hours after the end of exposure. Concomitantly, sevoflurane anesthesia caused a prolonged increase in phosphorylation of PERK and eIF2α, the markers of UPR activation. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of PERK prevented neuronal hyperactivity and memory impairment induced by sevoflurane. Moreover, we showed that PERK suppression also reversed various molecular and synaptic changes induced by sevoflurane anesthesia, including alterations of synaptic NMDA receptors, tau protein phosphorylation, and dendritic spine loss. Together, these findings suggest that sevoflurane anesthesia causes abnormal UPR in the aged brain, which contributes to neuronal hyperactivity, synapse loss and cognitive decline in aged mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York New York USA
| | - Qiuping Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York New York USA
| | - Riya Gupta
- Barnard College of Columbia University New York New York USA
| | | | - Zhongcong Xie
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York New York USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Taucher E, Mykoliuk I, Fediuk M, Smolle-Juettner FM. Autophagy, Oxidative Stress and Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071637. [PMID: 35406408 PMCID: PMC8996905 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Autophagy, as an important cellular repair mechanism, is important for the prevention of several diseases, including metabolic and neurologic disorders, and cancer. Hence, dysfunctional autophagy has been linked to these diseases, and in recent years researchers have tried to outline therapeutic targets in autophagy-related pathways as a treatment. With this review of the literature, we want to give an overview about the connection between oxidative stress, autophagy and cancer. Abstract Autophagy is an important cellular repair mechanism, aiming at sequestering misfolded and dysfunctional proteins and damaged cell organelles. Dysfunctions in the autophagy process have been linked to several diseases, like infectious and neurodegenerative diseases, type II diabetes mellitus and cancer. Living organisms are constantly subjected to some degree of oxidative stress, mainly induced by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. It has been shown that autophagy is readily induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon nutrient deprivation. In recent years, research has increasingly focused on outlining novel therapeutic targets related to the autophagy process. With this review of the literature, we want to give an overview about the link between autophagy, oxidative stress and carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Taucher
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-12183
| | - Iurii Mykoliuk
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (I.M.); (M.F.); (F.-M.S.-J.)
| | - Melanie Fediuk
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (I.M.); (M.F.); (F.-M.S.-J.)
| | - Freyja-Maria Smolle-Juettner
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (I.M.); (M.F.); (F.-M.S.-J.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang T, Zhou J, Zhang X, Wu Y, Jin K, Wang Y, Xu R, Yang G, Li W, Jiao L. X-box Binding Protein 1: An Adaptor in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. Aging Dis 2022; 14:350-369. [PMID: 37008067 PMCID: PMC10017146 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), the formation of fibrofatty lesions in the vessel wall, is the primary cause of heart disease and stroke and is closely associated with aging. Disrupted metabolic homeostasis is a primary feature of AS and leads to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is an abnormal accumulation of unfolded proteins. By orchestrating signaling cascades of the unfolded protein response (UPR), ER stress functions as a double-edged sword in AS, where adaptive UPR triggers synthetic metabolic processes to restore homeostasis, whereas the maladaptive response programs the cell to the apoptotic pathway. However, little is known regarding their precise coordination. Herein, an advanced understanding of the role of UPR in the pathological process of AS is reviewed. In particular, we focused on a critical mediator of the UPR, X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), and its important role in balancing adaptive and maladaptive responses. The XBP1 mRNA is processed from the unspliced isoform (XBP1u) to the spliced isoform of XBP1 (XBP1s). Compared with XBP1u, XBP1s predominantly functions downstream of inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α) and transcript genes involved in protein quality control, inflammation, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and calcification, which are critical for the pathogenesis of AS. Thus, the IRE1α/XBP1 axis is a promising pharmaceutical candidate against AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China.
| | - Jia Zhou
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China.
| | - Yujie Wu
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Kehan Jin
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yilin Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China.
| | - Ge Yang
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Ge Yang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. , Dr. Wenjing Li, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. ; Dr. Liqun Jiao, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .
| | - Wenjing Li
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Ge Yang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. , Dr. Wenjing Li, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. ; Dr. Liqun Jiao, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .
| | - Liqun Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China.
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Ge Yang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. , Dr. Wenjing Li, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. ; Dr. Liqun Jiao, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Keerthiga R, Pei DS, Fu A. Mitochondrial dysfunction, UPR mt signaling, and targeted therapy in metastasis tumor. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:186. [PMID: 34717757 PMCID: PMC8556915 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern research, mitochondria are considered a more crucial energy plant in cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation and denatured protein accumulation, is a common feature of tumors. The dysfunctional mitochondria reprogram molecular metabolism and allow tumor cells to proliferate in the hostile microenvironment. One of the crucial signaling pathways of the mitochondrial dysfunction activation in the tumor cells is the retrograde signaling of mitochondria-nucleus interaction, mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), which is initiated by accumulation of denatured protein and excess ROS production. In the process of UPRmt, various components are activitated to enhance the mitochondria-nucleus retrograde signaling to promote carcinoma progression, including hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), activating transcription factor ATF-4, ATF-5, CHOP, AKT, AMPK. The retrograde signaling molecules of overexpression ATF-5, SIRT3, CREB, SOD1, SOD2, early growth response protein 1 (EGR1), ATF2, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-d, and CHOP also involved in the process. Targeted blockage of the UPRmt pathway could obviously inhibit tumor proliferation and metastasis. This review indicates the UPRmt pathways and its crucial role in targeted therapy of metastasis tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Ailing Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu YN, Mu YD, Wang H, Zhang M, Shi YW, Mi G, Peng LX, Chen JH. Endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway mediates T-2 toxin-induced chondrocyte apoptosis. Toxicology 2021; 464:152989. [PMID: 34673134 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
T-2 toxin leads to chondrocyte apoptosis and excessive extracellular matrix degradation. The aim of this study is to investigate if endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) - initiated apoptosis is involved in the chondrocyte damage induced by T-2 toxin. In vivo, rats were divided into a control group, T-2 toxin 200 ng/g BW/d group, the protein levels of GRP78, CHOP, and caspase-12 were detected using immunohistochemistry in articular cartilage tissues. In vitro, C28/I2 and ATDC5 chondrocytes were treated with various concentrations of T-2 toxin. For the salubrinal protection assay, cells were pretreated with 20 μM salubrinal for 1 h, and treated with and without T-2 toxin for 24 h. The cell viability was determined using the MTT assay; and the cell apoptosis was determined using the Flow Cytometry Assay; the mRNA and protein levels of the ERS markers and ECM were determined using RT-PCR and western blotting. This study found that the expressions of GRP78, CHOP, and caspase-12 is higher in T-2 toxin group than in control group both in vivo and in vitro, and the T-2 toxin administration promoted chondrocyte apoptosis, suppressed matrix synthesis, and accelerated cellular catabolism via the ERS signaling pathway. In addition, this study found that salubrinal prevented chondrocyte injury by inhibiting ERS-mediated apoptosis via the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP signaling pathway. Collectively, this study provides a new clue to elucidate the mechanism of T-2 toxin-induced chondrocyte damage, and presents a novel therapeutic possibility of salubrinal for Osteoarthropathy such as osteoarthritis (OA) and Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Liu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Dong Mu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tumor Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Affiliated to the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ya-Wen Shi
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ge Mi
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei-Xuan Peng
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing-Hong Chen
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shi Z, Diao D, Zhao Y, Luo Y, Li Y, Liu D, Zhang K, Qiu Y, Yu L, Song Z, Ju Z. C/EBP homologous protein deficiency enhances hematopoietic stem cell function via reducing ATF3/ROS-induced cell apoptosis. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13382. [PMID: 34128315 PMCID: PMC8282275 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in a quiescent niche to reserve their capacity of self‐renewal. Upon hematopoietic injuries, HSCs enter the cell cycle and encounter protein homeostasis problems caused by accumulation of misfolded proteins. However, the mechanism by which protein homeostasis influences HSC function and maintenance remains poorly understood. Here, we show that C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), demonstrated previously to induces cell death upon unfolded protein response (UPR), plays an important role in HSCs regeneration. CHOP−/− mice showed normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell frequencies in steady state. However, when treated with 5‐FU, CHOP deficiency resulted in higher survival rates, associated with an increased number of HSCs and reduced level of apoptosis. In serial competitive transplantation experiments, CHOP−/− HSCs showed a dramatic enhancement of repopulation ability and a reduction of protein aggresomes. Mechanistically, CHOP deletion causes reduced ATF3 expression and further leads to decreased protein aggregation and ROS. In addition, CHOP−/− HSCs exhibited an increased resistance to IR‐induced DNA damage and improved HSCs homeostasis and function in telomere dysfunctional (G3Terc−/−) mice. In summary, these findings disclose a new role of CHOP in the regulation of the HSCs function and homeostasis through reducing ATF3 and ROS signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhencan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Daojun Diao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Ying Luo
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Yafei Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Dingdong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Yugang Qiu
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine Weifang Medical University Weifang China
| | - Li Yu
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine Weifang Medical University Weifang China
| | - Zhangfa Song
- Department of Colorectal Surgery Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hecht JT, Veerisetty AC, Wu J, Coustry F, Hossain MG, Chiu F, Gannon FH, Posey KL. Primary Osteoarthritis Early Joint Degeneration Induced by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Is Mitigated by Resveratrol. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:1624-1637. [PMID: 34116024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing numbers of people are living with osteoarthritis (OA) due to aging and obesity, creating an urgent need for effective treatment and preventions. Two top risk factors for OA, age and obesity, are associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The I-ERS mouse, an ER stress-driven model of primary OA, was developed to study the role of ER stress in primary OA susceptibility. The I-ERS mouse has the unique ability to induce ER stress in healthy adult articular chondrocytes and cartilage, driving joint degeneration that mimics early primary OA. In this study, ER stress-induced damage occurred gradually and stimulated joint degeneration with OA characteristics including increased matrix metalloproteinase activity, inflammation, senescence, chondrocyte death, decreased proteoglycans, autophagy block, and gait dysfunction. Consistent with human OA, intense exercise hastened and increased the level of ER stress-induced joint damage. Notably, loss of a critical ER stress response protein (CHOP) largely ameliorated ER stress-stimulated OA outcomes including preserving proteoglycan content, reducing inflammation, and relieving autophagy block. Resveratrol diminished ER stress-induced joint degeneration by decreasing CHOP, TNFα, IL-1β, MMP-13, pS6, number of TUNEL-positive chondrocytes, and senescence marker p16 INK4a. The finding, that a dietary supplement can prevent ER stressed-induced joint degeneration in mice, provides a preclinical foundation to potentially develop a prevention strategy for those at high risk to develop OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline T Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas; McGovern Medical School, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas
| | - Alka C Veerisetty
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas
| | - Juliana Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas; Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Francoise Coustry
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas
| | - Mohammad G Hossain
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas
| | - Frankie Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas
| | - Francis H Gannon
- Departments of Pathology & Immunology and Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Karen L Posey
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jia ZK, Fu CX, Wang AL, Yao K, Chen XJ. Cataract-causing allele in CRYAA (Y118D) proceeds through endoplasmic reticulum stress in mouse model. Zool Res 2021; 42:300-309. [PMID: 33929105 PMCID: PMC8175955 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As small heat shock proteins, α-crystallins function as molecular chaperones and inhibit the misfolding and aggregation of β/γ-crystallins. Genetic mutations of CRYAA are associated with protein aggregation and cataract occurrence. One possible process underlying cataract formation is that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) induces the unfolded protein response (UPR), leading to apoptosis. However, the pathogenic mechanism related to this remains unexplored. Here, we successfully constructed a cataract-causing CRYAA (Y118D) mutant mouse model, in which the lenses of the CRYAA-Y118D mutant mice showed severe posterior rupture, abnormal morphological changes, and aberrant arrangement of crystallin fibers. Histological analysis was consistent with the clinical pathological characteristics. We also explored the pathogenic factors involved in cataract development through transcriptome analysis. In addition, based on key pathway analysis, up-regulated genes in CRYAA-Y118D mutant mice were implicated in the ERS-UPR pathway. This study showed that prolonged activation of the UPR pathway and severe stress response can cause proteotoxic and ERS-induced cell death in CRYAA-Y118D mutant mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Kun Jia
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Chen-Xi Fu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Ai-Ling Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China. E-mail:
| | - Xiang-Jun Chen
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
McLaughlin M, Gilea MA, Earle MJ, Seddon KR, Gilmore BF, Kelly SA. Characterization of ionic liquid cytotoxicity mechanisms in human keratinocytes compared with conventional biocides. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:129432. [PMID: 33422997 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to chemically modify ionic liquids (ILs) has led to an expansion in interest in their use in a diversity of applications, not least as antimicrobials and biocides. Relatively little is known about cytotoxicity mechanisms of ILs in comparison to other biocides currently in widespread use, as well as their practical significance for the ecological environment and human health. Using NCTC 2544 and HaCat human keratinocyte cells, this study aimed to characterize cytotoxicity rates and mechanisms of a range of ILs. Using both lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) based cytotoxicity assays, it was confirmed that at biocide-relevant concentrations, ILs with longer alkyl chains exhibited greater biocidal activity than those with shorter alkyl chains, with comparable activity to the commonly used biocides chlorhexidine, benzalkonium chloride and cetylpyridinium chloride, at relevant in-use biocide concentrations. Mode of cell death, measured using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and caspase 3/7 activity, determined necrosis to be the primary cytotoxic mechanism at higher concentrations of the biocides stated above, and with ILs [C14MIM]Cl and [C14quin]Br, with apoptosis observed at borderline necrotic concentrations. Perhaps most interestingly, modification of anion had a significant effect on cytotoxicity. The use of N[SO2CF3] as an anion to [C16MIM] attenuated cytotoxicity 10-fold in comparison to other anions, suggesting cytotoxicity may also be a tuneable property when using ILs as biocides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin McLaughlin
- School of Pharmacy, Queens University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK; Institute for Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Manuela A Gilea
- The QUILL Research Centre, School of Chemistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Martyn J Earle
- The QUILL Research Centre, School of Chemistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Kenneth R Seddon
- The QUILL Research Centre, School of Chemistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Brendan F Gilmore
- School of Pharmacy, Queens University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Stephen A Kelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queens University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
JNK signaling as a target for anticancer therapy. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:405-434. [PMID: 33710509 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The JNKs are members of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) which regulate many physiological processes including inflammatory responses, macrophages, cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and death. It is increasingly clear that the continuous activation of JNKs has a role in cancer development and progression. Therefore, JNKs represent attractive oncogenic targets for cancer therapy using small molecule kinase inhibitors. Studies showed that the two major JNK proteins JNK1 and JNK2 have opposite functions in different types of cancers, which need more specification in the design of JNK inhibitors. Some of ATP- competitive and ATP non-competitive inhibitors have been developed and widely used in vitro, but this type of inhibitors lack selectivity and inhibits phosphorylation of all JNK substrates and may lead to cellular toxicity. In this review, we summarized and discussed the strategies of JNK binding inhibitors and the role of JNK signaling in the pathogenesis of different solid and hematological malignancies.
Collapse
|
32
|
Moran-Bertot I, Rodríguez-Cabrera L, Borras-Hidalgo O, Huang S, Kan Y, Wright DJ, Ayra-Pardo C. Potato virus X-mediated constitutive expression of Plutella xylostella PxSDF2L1 gene in Nicotiana benthamiana confers resistance to Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:78. [PMID: 33546586 PMCID: PMC7866777 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02854-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Plutella xylostella PxSDF2L1 gene was previously reported to enhance insect resistance to pathogen at high basal transcription rate. PxSDF2L1 shows similitude with the stromal cell-derived factor 2 (SDF2), an ER stress-induced chaperon protein that is highly conserved throughout animals and plants. The precise biological function of SDF2 is not clear, but its expression is required for innate immunity in plants. Here, we investigate whether a continuous expression of PxSDF2L1 in Nicotiana benthamiana can similarly confer resistance to plant pathogen, particularly, the black shank Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. RESULTS The N. benthamiana plants were inoculated with agrobacteria transformed with a PVX-based binary vector carrying the PxSDF2L1 gene; similar agroinoculation experiments with a PVX vector carrying the GFP gene were used for controls. In pot trials, agroinfected N. benthamiana plants constitutively expressing PxSDF2L1 showed a significant reduction of stem disease symptoms caused by the inoculation with P. parasitica, compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS We confirm a role of PxSDF2L1 in resistance to black shank, with a potential application to engineering active resistance against this oomycete in the commercial N. tabacum species and propose its evaluation in other crop families and plant pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivis Moran-Bertot
- Plant Division, Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Orlando Borras-Hidalgo
- Plant Division, Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 10600, Havana, Cuba
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Qi Lu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Siliang Huang
- China-UK-NYNU-RRES Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University (NYNU), Nanyang, 473061, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunchao Kan
- China-UK-NYNU-RRES Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University (NYNU), Nanyang, 473061, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Denis J Wright
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park campus, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK.
| | - Camilo Ayra-Pardo
- China-UK-NYNU-RRES Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University (NYNU), Nanyang, 473061, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Vela JM. Repurposing Sigma-1 Receptor Ligands for COVID-19 Therapy? Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:582310. [PMID: 33364957 PMCID: PMC7751758 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.582310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of emerging infections, such as COVID-19 pandemic especially, confront health professionals with the unique challenge of treating patients. With no time to discover new drugs, repurposing of approved drugs or in clinical development is likely the only solution. Replication of coronaviruses (CoVs) occurs in a modified membranous compartment derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), causes host cell ER stress and activates pathways to facilitate adaptation of the host cell machinery to viral needs. Accordingly, modulation of ER remodeling and ER stress response might be pivotal in elucidating CoV-host interactions and provide a rationale for new therapeutic, host-based antiviral approaches. The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is a ligand-operated, ER membrane-bound chaperone that acts as an upstream modulator of ER stress and thus a candidate host protein for host-based repurposing approaches to treat COVID-19 patients. Sig-1R ligands are frequently identified in in vitro drug repurposing screens aiming to identify antiviral compounds against CoVs, including severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Sig-1R regulates key mechanisms of the adaptive host cell stress response and takes part in early steps of viral replication. It is enriched in lipid rafts and detergent-resistant ER membranes, where it colocalizes with viral replicase proteins. Indeed, the non-structural SARS-CoV-2 protein Nsp6 interacts with Sig-1R. The activity of Sig-1R ligands against COVID-19 remains to be specifically assessed in clinical trials. This review provides a rationale for targeting Sig-1R as a host-based drug repurposing approach to treat COVID-19 patients. Evidence gained using Sig-1R ligands in unbiased in vitro antiviral drug screens and the potential mechanisms underlying the modulatory effect of Sig-1R on the host cell response are discussed. Targeting Sig-1R is not expected to reduce dramatically established viral replication, but it might interfere with early steps of virus-induced host cell reprogramming, aid to slow down the course of infection, prevent the aggravation of the disease and/or allow a time window to mature a protective immune response. Sig-1R-based medicines could provide benefit not only as early intervention, preventive but also as adjuvant therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Miguel Vela
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, ESTEVE Pharmaceuticals, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kim DH, Sadakane H, Nishikiori Y, Matsumura M, Ikeda M, Diao Z, Jha R, Murakami M, Matsui T, Funaba M. Factors affecting expression and transcription of uncoupling protein 2 gene. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1734-1741. [PMID: 33162463 PMCID: PMC7804038 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest a negative relationship between hepatic oxidative stress and productivity in beef cattle. Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is involved in the disappearance of reactive oxygen species, suggesting the defensive role of UCP2 against oxidative stress. The present study examined the relationship between oxidative stress and expression levels of UCP2/Ucp2 in cultured human and mouse liver-derived cells. We also explored factors regulating bovine Ucp2 transcription. As oxidative stress inducers, hydrogen peroxide, ethanol, and cumene hydroperoxide (CmHP) were used. Expression levels of hemoxygenase 1 (HMOX1), a representative gene induced by oxidative stress, were not affected by any oxidative stress inducers in HepG2 human liver-derived cells. The levels of UCP2 mRNA were also unaffected by the oxidative stress inducers. Treatment with CmHP increased expression of Hmox1 in Hepa1-6 mouse liver-derived cells, but Ucp2 expression was not changed. Stimulus screening for regulator of transcription (SSRT) revealed that expression of p50 or p65, transcription factors conferring response to oxidative stress, did not stimulate bovine Ucp2 transcrition in HepG2 cells. SSRT also showed 11 molecules that induced Ucp2 transcription more than 4-fold; among them, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related transcription factors such as XBP1, c-JUN, JUNB, and C/EBPβ were identified. However, treatment with ER stress inducers did not increase Ucp2 expression in HepG2 and Hepa1-6 cells. The present results suggest that 1) neither oxidative stress nor ER stress induces Ucp2 expression in liver-derived cells, and 2) Ucp2 transcription is stimulated by several transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doo Hyun Kim
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.,FARMSCO, Gyeonggi 17599, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiroyuki Sadakane
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuka Nishikiori
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Manami Matsumura
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Mayuko Ikeda
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Zhicheng Diao
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Rajesh Jha
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.,Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, HI 96822, USA
| | - Masaru Murakami
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Tohru Matsui
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masayuki Funaba
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kim DH, Kim BM, Chung KW, Choi YJ, Yu BP, Chung HY. Interaction between CHOP and FoxO6 promotes hepatic lipid accumulation. Liver Int 2020; 40:2706-2718. [PMID: 32639626 PMCID: PMC7689817 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is one of the major causes of hepatic insulin resistance through increasing de novo lipogenesis. Forkhead box O6 (FoxO6) is a transcription factor mediating insulin signalling to glucose and lipid metabolism, therefore, dysregulated FoxO6 is involved in hepatic insulin resistance. In this study, we elucidated the role of FoxO6 in ER stress-induced hepatic lipogenesis. METHODS Hepatic ER stress responses and lipogenesis were monitored in mice overexpressed with constitutively active FoxO6 allele and FoxO6-null mice. In the in vitro study, HepG2 cells overexpressing constitutively active FoxO6 were treated with palmitate, and then alterations in ER stress and lipid metabolism were measured. RESULTS FoxO6 activation induced hepatic lipogenesis and the expression of ER stress-inducible genes. The expression and transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) were significantly increased in constitutively active FoxO6 allele. Interestingly, we found that the active FoxO6 physically interacted with C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), an ER stress-inducible transcription factor, which was responsible for PPARγ expression. Palmitate treatment caused the expression of ER stress-inducible genes, which was deteriorated by FoxO6 activation in HepG2 cells. Palmitate-induced ER stress led to PPARγ expression through interactions between CHOP and FoxO6 corresponding to findings in the in vivo study. On the other hand, the expression of PPARα and β-oxidation were decreased in constitutively active FoxO6 allele which implied that lipid catabolism is also regulated by FoxO6. CONCLUSION Our data present significant evidence demonstrating that CHOP and FoxO6 interact to induce hepatic lipid accumulation through PPARγ expression during ER stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of PharmacyCollege of PharmacyPusan National UniversityGeumjeong‐GuBusanKorea
| | - Byeong Moo Kim
- Department of PharmacyCollege of PharmacyPusan National UniversityGeumjeong‐GuBusanKorea
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- Department of PharmacyCollege of PharmacyPusan National UniversityGeumjeong‐GuBusanKorea,Department of PharmacyCollege of PharmacyKyungsung UniversityNam‐guBusanKorea
| | - Yeon Ja Choi
- Department of Biopharmaceutical EngineeringDivision of Chemistry and BiotechnologyCollege of Science and TechnologyDongguk UniversityGyeongjuKorea
| | - Byung Pal Yu
- Department of PhysiologyThe University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioTXUSA
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of PharmacyCollege of PharmacyPusan National UniversityGeumjeong‐GuBusanKorea
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yuan Q, Xu T, Chen Y, Qu W, Sun D, Liu X, Sun L. MiR-185-5p ameliorates endoplasmic reticulum stress and renal fibrosis by downregulation of ATF6. J Transl Med 2020; 100:1436-1446. [PMID: 32514126 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is considered an important factor in the formation of fibrosis. Therefore, modulation of ER stress may represent a promising therapeutic strategy in renal fibrosis. MiR-185-5p has been identified to be implicated in TGF-β1-induced renal fibrosis; however, it is largely unknown whether and how miR-185-5p regulates ER stress in renal fibrosis. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-185-5p directly bound to ATF6, an ER stress-related protein, and downregulated the expression thereof. We subsequently constructed an in vitro model of renal fibrosis using HK2 cells treated with TGF-β1, and found that miR-185-5p attenuated ER stress and dedifferentiation of tubular epithelia by suppression of ATF6. In addition, we constructed an in vivo mouse model using unilateral urethral obstruction (UUO). Our in vivo findings showed that miR-185-5p reduced the expression of ER stress-related proteins and inhibited epithelial dedifferentiation via downregulation of ATF6, thereby improving UUO-induced renal fibrosis. Overall, our findings revealed that miR-185-5p exerts beneficial effects in renal fibrosis. Thus, the miR-185-5p/ATF6 regulatory pathway may be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in renal fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhua Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kaplan P, Tatarkova Z, Sivonova MK, Racay P, Lehotsky J. Homocysteine and Mitochondria in Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207698. [PMID: 33080955 PMCID: PMC7589705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated concentration of homocysteine (Hcy) in the blood plasma, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), has been implicated in various disorders, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that pathophysiology of these diseases is linked with mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge concerning the effects of HHcy on mitochondrial homeostasis, including energy metabolism, mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and mitochondrial dynamics. The recent studies suggest that the interaction between Hcy and mitochondria is complex, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are possible mediators of Hcy effects. We focus on mechanisms contributing to HHcy-associated oxidative stress, such as sources of ROS generation and alterations in antioxidant defense resulting from altered gene expression and post-translational modifications of proteins. Moreover, we discuss some recent findings suggesting that HHcy may have beneficial effects on mitochondrial ROS homeostasis and antioxidant defense. A better understanding of complex mechanisms through which Hcy affects mitochondrial functions could contribute to the development of more specific therapeutic strategies targeted at HHcy-associated disorders.
Collapse
|
38
|
Nomura Y, Sylvester CF, Nguyen LO, Kandeel M, Hirata Y, Mungrue IN, Oh-Hashi K. Characterization of the 5'-flanking region of the human and mouse CHAC1 genes. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 24:100834. [PMID: 33102815 PMCID: PMC7573368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Unfolded Protein Response pathway is a conserved signaling mechanism having important roles in cellular physiology and is perturbed accompanying disease. We previously identified the novel UPR target gene CHAC1, a direct target of ATF4, downstream of PERK-EIF2A and activated by the UPR pathway. CHAC1 enzyme directs catalysis of γ-linked glutamate bonds within specific molecular targets. CHAC1 is the first enzyme characterized that can catalyze intracellular glutathione degradation in eukaryotes, having implications for regulation of oxidative stress. DDIT3 (CHOP) is a terminal UPR transcription factor, regulated by ATF4 and an output promoting cell death signaling. Herein we examine the relationship of CHOP controlling CHAC1 transcription in humans and mice. We note parallel induction of CHOP and CHAC1 in human cells after agonist induced UPR. Expanding upon previous reports, we define transcriptional induction of CHAC1 in humans and mice driven by ATF4 through a synergistic relationship with conserved ATF/CRE and CARE DNA sequences of the CHAC1 promoter. Using this system, we also tested effects of CHOP on CHAC1 transcription, and binding at the CHAC1 ATF/CRE using IM-EMSA. These data indicate a novel inhibitory effect of CHOP on CHAC1 transcription, which was ablated in the absence of the ATF/CRE control element. While direct binding of ATF4 to CHAC1 promoter sequences was confirmed, binding of CHOP to the CHAC1 ATF/CRE was not evident at baseline or after UPR induction. These data reveal CHAC1 as a novel CHOP inhibited target gene, acting through an upstream ATF/CRE motif via an indirect mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nomura
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Charity F Sylvester
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, LSU Health Sciences Center, 1901, Perdido St, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lisa O Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, LSU Health Sciences Center, 1901, Perdido St, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Alahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Yoko Hirata
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Imran N Mungrue
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, LSU Health Sciences Center, 1901, Perdido St, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kentaro Oh-Hashi
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Multiple myeloma cells are exceptionally sensitive to heat shock, which overwhelms their proteostasis network and induces apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:21588-21597. [PMID: 32817432 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001323117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib (BTZ), are highly effective and widely used treatments for multiple myeloma. One proposed reason for myeloma cells' exceptional sensitivity to proteasome inhibition is that they produce and continually degrade unusually large amounts of abnormal immunoglobulins. We, therefore, hypothesized that, heat shock may also be especially toxic to myeloma cells by causing protein unfolding, increasing further the substrate load on proteasomes, and, thus, putting further stress on their capacity for protein homeostasis. After a shift from 37 to 43 °C, all four myeloma lines studied underwent extensive apoptosis in 4 h, unlike 13 nonmyeloma cell lines, even though the myeloma cells induced heat-shock proteins and increased protein degradation similar to other cells. Furthermore, two myeloma lines resistant to proteasome inhibitors were also more resistant to 43 °C. Shifting myeloma cells to 43, 41, or 39 °C (which was not cytotoxic) dramatically increased their killing by proteasome inhibitors and inhibitors of ubiquitination or p97/VCP. Combining increased temperature with BTZ increased the accumulation of misfolded proteins and substrate load on the 26S proteasome. The apoptosis seen at 43 °C and at 39 °C with BTZ was mediated by caspase-9 and was linked to an accumulation of the proapoptotic Bcl-2-family member Noxa. Thus, myeloma cells are exceptionally sensitive to increased temperatures, which greatly increase substrate load on the ubiquitin-proteasome system and eventually activate the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Consequently, for myeloma, mild hyperthermia may be a beneficial approach to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of proteasome inhibitors.
Collapse
|
40
|
Bartoszewski R, Dabrowski M, Jakiela B, Matalon S, Harrod KS, Sanak M, Collawn JF. SARS-CoV-2 may regulate cellular responses through depletion of specific host miRNAs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L444-L455. [PMID: 32755307 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00252.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold viruses have generally been considered fairly innocuous until the appearance of the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019, which caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic. Two previous viruses foreshadowed that a coronavirus could potentially have devastating consequences in 2002 [severe acute respiratory coronavirus (SARS-CoV)] and in 2012 [Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)]. The question that arises is why these viruses are so different from the relatively harmless cold viruses. On the basis of an analysis of the current literature and using bioinformatic approaches, we examined the potential human miRNA interactions with the SARS-CoV-2's genome and compared the miRNA target sites in seven coronavirus genomes that include SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and four nonpathogenic coronaviruses. Here, we discuss the possibility that pathogenic human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, could modulate host miRNA levels by acting as miRNA sponges to facilitate viral replication and/or to avoid immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michal Dabrowski
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogdan Jakiela
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kevin S Harrod
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Marek Sanak
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (ER Stress) and Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) Occur in a Rat Varicocele Testis Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5909306. [PMID: 32802266 PMCID: PMC7411497 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5909306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Using a surgically induced varicocele rat model, we show here strong evidence that the misfolded/unfolded protein response that is part of the stress response of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is activated in the varicocele testis (VCL), leading to the induction of apoptosis. To support this hypothesis, it is observed that the spliced variant of the X-box protein 1 (XBP1s), resulting from the activation of the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) membrane sensor, is significantly more represented in VCL testicular extracts. The activation of the IRE1/XBP1s pathway is also supported by the observation that the VCL testes show an increase phosphorylation of the c-Jun-kinase (JNK) known to be one intermediate of this pathway and an increased level of caspase-3, the terminal apoptotic effector, partly explaining the apoptotic status of the VCL testis.
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen KY, Chen YJ, Cheng CJ, Jhan KY, Wang LC. Excretory/secretory products of Angiostrongylus cantonensis fifth-stage larvae induce endoplasmic reticulum stress via the Sonic hedgehog pathway in mouse astrocytes. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:317. [PMID: 32552877 PMCID: PMC7301976 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04189-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiostrongylus cantonensis is an important food-borne zoonotic parasite. Humans are non-permissive hosts, and this parasite develops into fifth-stage larvae (L5) in the brain and subarachnoid cavity and then induces eosinophilic meningitis and eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. Excretory/secretory products (ESPs) are valuable targets for the investigation of host-parasite interactions. These products contain a wide range of molecules for penetrating defensive barriers and avoiding the immune response of the host. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been found to be associated with a wide range of parasitic infections and inflammation. ER stress can increase cell survival via the activation of downstream signalling. However, the mechanisms of ER stress in A. cantonensis infection have not yet been clarified. This study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of ER stress in astrocytes after treatment with the ESPs of A. cantonensis L5. RESULTS The results demonstrated that A. cantonensis infection activated astrocytes in the mouse hippocampus and induced the expression of ER stress-related molecules. Next, the data showed that the expression of ER stress-related molecules and the Ca2+ concentration were significantly increased in activated astrocytes after treatment with the ESPs of L5 of A. cantonensis. Ultimately, we found that ESPs induced GRP78 expression via the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that in astrocytes, the ESPs of A. cantonensis L5 induce ER stress and that the Shh signalling pathway plays an important role in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Yao Chen
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ju Cheng
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Jhan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Chen Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Manni S, Fregnani A, Barilà G, Zambello R, Semenzato G, Piazza F. Actionable Strategies to Target Multiple Myeloma Plasma Cell Resistance/Resilience to Stress: Insights From "Omics" Research. Front Oncol 2020; 10:802. [PMID: 32500036 PMCID: PMC7243738 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While the modern therapeutic armamentarium to treat multiple myeloma (MM) patients allows a longer control of the disease, this second-most-frequent hematologic cancer is still uncurable in the vast majority of cases. Since MM plasma cells are subjected to various types of chronic cellular stress and the integrity of specific stress-coping pathways is essential to ensure MM cell survival, not surprisingly the most efficacious anti-MM therapy are those that make use of proteasome inhibitors and/or immunomodulatory drugs, which target the biochemical mechanisms of stress management. Based on this notion, the recently realized discoveries on MM pathobiology through high-throughput techniques (genomic, transcriptomic, and other "omics"), in order for them to be clinically useful, should be elaborated to identify novel vulnerabilities in this disease. This groundwork of information will likely allow the design of novel therapies against targetable molecules/pathways, in an unprecedented opportunity to change the management of MM according to the principle of "precision medicine." In this review, we will discuss some examples of therapeutically actionable molecules and pathways related to the regulation of cellular fitness and stress resistance in MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Manni
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research – Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (FABR-VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Fregnani
- Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research – Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (FABR-VIMM), Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gregorio Barilà
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research – Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (FABR-VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Renato Zambello
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research – Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (FABR-VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research – Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (FABR-VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research – Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (FABR-VIMM), Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Igwebuike C, Yaglom J, Huiting L, Feng H, Campbell JD, Wang Z, Havasi A, Pimentel D, Sherman MY, Borkan SC. Cross organelle stress response disruption promotes gentamicin-induced proteotoxicity. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:217. [PMID: 32245975 PMCID: PMC7125232 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2382-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gentamicin is a nephrotoxic antibiotic that causes acute kidney injury (AKI) primarily by targeting the proximal tubule epithelial cell. The development of an effective therapy for gentamicin-induced renal cell injury is limited by incomplete mechanistic insight. To address this challenge, we propose that RNAi signal pathway screening could identify a unifying mechanism of gentamicin-induced cell injury and suggest a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate it. Computational analysis of RNAi signal screens in gentamicin-exposed human proximal tubule cells suggested the cross-organelle stress response (CORE), the unfolded protein response (UPR), and cell chaperones as key targets of gentamicin-induced injury. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the effect of gentamicin on the CORE, UPR, and cell chaperone function, and tested the therapeutic efficacy of enhancing cell chaperone content. Early gentamicin exposure disrupted the CORE, evidenced by a rise in the ATP:ADP ratio, mitochondrial-specific H2O2 accumulation, Drp-1-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation, and endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial dissociation. CORE disruption preceded measurable increases in whole-cell oxidative stress, misfolded protein content, transcriptional UPR activation, and its untoward downstream effects: CHOP expression, PARP cleavage, and cell death. Geranylgeranylacetone, a therapeutic that increases cell chaperone content, prevented mitochondrial H2O2 accumulation, preserved the CORE, reduced the burden of misfolded proteins and CHOP expression, and significantly improved survival in gentamicin-exposed cells. We identify CORE disruption as an early and remediable cause of gentamicin proteotoxicity that precedes downstream UPR activation and cell death. Preserving the CORE significantly improves renal cell survival likely by reducing organelle-specific proteotoxicity during gentamicin exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Yaglom
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Boston, MA, USA
- Ariel University, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel, West Bank, Israel
| | - Leah Huiting
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hui Feng
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua D Campbell
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Computational Biomedicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Boston Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Renal Section, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Havasi
- Boston Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Renal Section, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Pimentel
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Y Sherman
- Ariel University, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel, West Bank, Israel
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven C Borkan
- Boston Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Renal Section, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Barez SR, Atar AM, Aghaei M. Mechanism of inositol-requiring enzyme 1-alpha inhibition in endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. J Cell Commun Signal 2020; 14:403-415. [PMID: 32200504 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00562-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IRE1α endonuclease is a key regulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that controls cell survival/apoptosis in cancers. Inhibition of IRE1α endonuclease leads to decreased splice XBP1 which decreases cell proliferation and increases cell death in cancer cells. Therefore, this study investigated the effects and mechanism of STF-083010 (an IRE1α inhibitor) on the cell growth/apoptosis of ovarian malignant cells via the XBP1-CHOP-Bim pathway following the induction of ER stress (ERS). ERS in OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells was measured using Thioflavin T staining. The expression of ER stress response genes was evaluated by QRT-PCR. The levels of XBP1(s), PERK, phospho-PERK, p-PP2A, ATF4, BIP/GRP78, CHOP, and Bim proteins were evaluated using western blotting. Cell viability and apoptosis in STF-083010 and Tunicamycin (Tm) co-treated cells were assessed using BrdU, MTT, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and caspases-12 and -3 activity assays. The results showed increased XBP1, CHOP, and ATF-4 mRNA expression levels as well as high protein aggregation in STF-083010 and Tm co-treated cells. The IRE1α inhibitor down-regulated sXBP1 and BIP proteins, while XBP-1, p-PERK, ATF-4, CHOP, and Bim proteins were up-regulated. STF-083010 reduced cell proliferation and induced apoptosis through the activation of caspases-12 and -3 and Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression. In summary, the present data revealed the effects of STF-083010 in ER stress and apoptosis as well as signaling via XBP1/CHOP/Bim mediators. Thus, STF-083010 is proposed as a new target for the control of ERS in ovarian cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shekufe Rezghi Barez
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedian Atar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bartoszewska S, Collawn JF. Unfolded protein response (UPR) integrated signaling networks determine cell fate during hypoxia. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2020; 25:18. [PMID: 32190062 PMCID: PMC7071609 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-00212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During hypoxic conditions, cells undergo critical adaptive responses that include the up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible proteins (HIFs) and the induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR). While their induced signaling pathways have many distinct targets, there are some important connections as well. Despite the extensive studies on both of these signaling pathways, the exact mechanisms involved that determine survival versus apoptosis remain largely unexplained and therefore beyond therapeutic control. Here we discuss the complex relationship between the HIF and UPR signaling pathways and the importance of understanding how these pathways differ between normal and cancer cell models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Bartoszewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - James F. Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cirone M. Perturbation of bulk and selective macroautophagy, abnormal UPR activation and their interplay pave the way to immune dysfunction, cancerogenesis and neurodegeneration in ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 58:101026. [PMID: 32018054 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of studies has indicated that ageing is characterized by an altered proteostasis, ROS accumulation and a status of mild/chronic inflammation, in which macroautophagy reduction and abnormal UPR activation play a pivotal role. The dysregulation of these inter-connected processes favors immune dysfunction and predisposes to a variety of several apparently unrelated pathological conditions including cancer and neurodegeneration. Given the progressive ageing of the population, a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating autophagy, UPR and their interplay is needed in order to design new therapeutic strategies able to counteract the effects of ageing and concomitantly restrain the onset/progression of age-related diseases that represent a private and public health problem.
Collapse
|
48
|
Sun W, Li H, Gu J. Up-regulation of microRNA-574 attenuates lipopolysaccharide- or cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis associated with acute lung injury. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:847-858. [PMID: 32090367 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is the most vulnerable organ in sepsis, however, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry. The expressions of miR-574, Complement 3 (C3), glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and Caspase-12 were determined using quantitative real time (qRT)-PCR and Western blot. Histopathology of mice was stained by haematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β were determined using ELISA. The expression of miR-574 was positively correlated with cell viability in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated cells. Cell viability was improved and apoptosis was inhibited by mimics. Meanwhile, the levels of GRP78, CHOP and Caspase-12 were suppressed by mimics and agomir in LPS-treated human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-treated mice. In vivo, lung tissue damages were ameliorated by agomir, which also decreased the levels of neutrophils, macrophages and albumin. C3 was a target gene of miR-574 and could be decreased by mimics. SiC3 enhanced cell viability and inhibited apoptosis, however, it suppressed the mRNA levels of GRP78, CHOP and Caspase-12. Up-regulation of miR-574 attenuated sepsis-induced lung injury may be by promoting C3 down-regulation and reducing sepsis-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Clinically, the mortality rate of ALI induced by sepsis remains at a high level, thus, clarifying the mechanism of induction of ALI through pathogen infection will provide a new target for clinical treatment of ALI. In this study, up-regulation of miR-574 attenuated sepsis-induced lung injury may be by promoting C3 down-regulation and reducing sepsis-induced ERS. Our study provides a deeper understanding of sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Sun
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Li
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Gu
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Stevens AM, Xiang M, Heppler LN, Tošić I, Jiang K, Munoz JO, Gaikwad AS, Horton TM, Long X, Narayanan P, Seashore EL, Terrell MC, Rashid R, Krueger MJ, Mangubat-Medina AE, Ball ZT, Sumazin P, Walker SR, Hamada Y, Oyadomari S, Redell MS, Frank DA. Atovaquone is active against AML by upregulating the integrated stress pathway and suppressing oxidative phosphorylation. Blood Adv 2019; 3:4215-4227. [PMID: 31856268 PMCID: PMC6929386 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Atovaquone, a US Food and Drug Administration-approved antiparasitic drug previously shown to reduce interleukin-6/STAT3 signaling in myeloma cells, is well tolerated, and plasma concentrations of 40 to 80 µM have been achieved with pediatric and adult dosing. We conducted preclinical testing of atovaquone with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines and pediatric patient samples. Atovaquone induced apoptosis with an EC50 <30 µM for most AML lines and primary pediatric AML specimens. In NSG mice xenografted with luciferase-expressing THP-1 cells and in those receiving a patient-derived xenograft, atovaquone-treated mice demonstrated decreased disease burden and prolonged survival. To gain a better understanding of the mechanism of atovaquone, we performed an integrated analysis of gene expression changes occurring in cancer cell lines after atovaquone exposure. Atovaquone promoted phosphorylation of eIF2α, a key component of the integrated stress response and master regulator of protein translation. Increased levels of phosphorylated eIF2α led to greater abundance of the transcription factor ATF4 and its target genes, including proapoptotic CHOP and CHAC1. Furthermore, atovaquone upregulated REDD1, an ATF4 target gene and negative regulator of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and caused REDD1-mediated inhibition of mTOR activity with similar efficacy as rapamycin. Additionally, atovaquone suppressed the oxygen consumption rate of AML cells, which has specific implications for chemotherapy-resistant AML blasts that rely on oxidative phosphorylation for survival. Our results provide insight into the complex biological effects of atovaquone, highlighting its potential as an anticancer therapy with novel and diverse mechanisms of action, and support further clinical evaluation of atovaquone for pediatric and adult AML.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Activating Transcription Factor 4/metabolism
- Adolescent
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Atovaquone/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Infant
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Oxidative Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Stevens
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Michael Xiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Lisa N Heppler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Isidora Tošić
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Kevin Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Jaime O Munoz
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Amos S Gaikwad
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Terzah M Horton
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Xin Long
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Padmini Narayanan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Elizabeth L Seashore
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Maci C Terrell
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Raushan Rashid
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Michael J Krueger
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Pavel Sumazin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sarah R Walker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Yoshimasa Hamada
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute for Genome Research, and
- Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Seiichi Oyadomari
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute for Genome Research, and
- Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Michele S Redell
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - David A Frank
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lee PJ, Park HJ, Yoo HM, Cho N. Betulin Protects HT-22 Hippocampal Cells against ER Stress through Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 and Inhibition of ROS Production. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19896684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A key pathologic event in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced neuronal cell death. ER stress-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in neurological disease processes. Betulin is one of the major triterpenoids found in Betula platyphylla that possesses several biological properties, including cytoprotective and antioxidative effects. Therefore, we investigated whether betulin could prevent ER stress-induced neurotoxicity in HT-22 hippocampal neuronal cells. We observed that betulin reduced the thapsigargin (TG, an ER stress inducer)-induced apoptosis of HT-22 cells. Moreover, the cytoprotective effects of betulin were comparable to those of tauroursodeoxycholic acid, a potent ER stress-reducing agent. In our study, we confirmed that the ER stress-induced accumulation of ROS plays an important role in HT-22 cell death. Betulin also displayed cytoprotective effects in TG-injured HT-22 cells by reducing ROS generation; these results were comparable to those for N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a known ROS inhibitor. In addition, SnPP, a heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor significantly blocked the cytoprotective effects and ROS scavenging activity of betulin. Based on these results, we believe that betulin-mediated induction of HO-1 may contribute to the neuroprotective effects against ER stress in HT-22 hippocampal cells. We also found that betulin significantly inhibited the TG-induced expression of CHOP and caspase-12. These results demonstrated that betulin could serve as a potential therapeutic agent against ER stress-induced neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phil Jun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hee Min Yoo
- Center for Bioanalysis, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Namki Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|