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Arjunan A, Sah DK, Woo M, Song J. Identification of the molecular mechanism of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1): a promising therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases associated with metabolic syndrome. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:16. [PMID: 36691085 PMCID: PMC9872444 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00966-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are accompanied by neuronal degeneration and glial dysfunction, resulting in cognitive, psychomotor, and behavioral impairment. Multiple factors including genetic, environmental, metabolic, and oxidant overload contribute to disease progression. Recent evidences suggest that metabolic syndrome is linked to various neurodegenerative diseases. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is known to be accompanied by symptoms such as hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. Despite advances in knowledge about the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, effective treatments to combat neurodegenerative disorders caused by MetS have not been developed to date. Insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) deficiency has been associated with MetS-related pathologies both in-vivo and in-vitro. IGF-1 is essential for embryonic and adult neurogenesis, neuronal plasticity, neurotropism, angiogenesis, metabolic function, and protein clearance in the brain. Here, we review the evidence for the potential therapeutic effects of IGF-1 in the neurodegeneration related to metabolic syndrome. We elucidate how IGF-1 may be involved in molecular signaling defects that occurs in MetS-related neurodegenerative disorders and highlight the importance of IGF-1 as a potential therapeutic target in MetS-related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Arjunan
- grid.14005.300000 0001 0356 9399Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-Do 58128 Republic of Korea
| | - Dhiraj Kumar Sah
- grid.14005.300000 0001 0356 9399Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, 58128 Republic of Korea ,grid.14005.300000 0001 0356 9399BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, 264 Seoyangro, Hwasun, 58128 Republic of Korea
| | - Minna Woo
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Health Network and and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Juhyun Song
- grid.14005.300000 0001 0356 9399Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-Do 58128 Republic of Korea ,grid.14005.300000 0001 0356 9399BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, 264 Seoyangro, Hwasun, 58128 Republic of Korea
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2
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Wang Y, Hou Q, Wu Y, Xu Y, Liu Y, Chen J, Xu L, Guo Y, Gao S, Yuan J. Methionine deficiency and its hydroxy analogue influence chicken intestinal 3-dimensional organoid development. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 8:38-51. [PMID: 34977374 PMCID: PMC8669257 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Methionine and its hydroxy analogue (MHA) have been shown to benefit mouse intestinal regeneration. The intestinal organoid is a good model that directly reflects the impact of certain nutrients or chemicals on intestinal development. Here, we aimed to establish a chicken intestinal organoid culture method first and then use the model to explore the influence of methionine deficiency and MHA on intestinal organoid development. The results showed that 125-μm cell strainer exhibited the highest efficiency for chicken embryo crypt harvesting. We found that transforming growth factor-β inhibitor (A8301) supplementation promoted enterocyte differentiation at the expense of the proliferation of intestinal stem cells (ISC). The mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 inhibitor (SB202190) promoted intestinal organoid formation and enterocyte differentiation but suppressed the differentiation of enteroendocrine cells, goblet cells and Paneth cells. However, the suppression of enteroendocrine cell and Paneth cell differentiation by SB202190 was alleviated at the presence of A8301. The glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitor (CHIR99021), valproic acid (VPA) alone and their combination promoted chicken intestinal organoid formation and enterocyte differentiation at the expense of the expression of Paneth cells and goblet cells. Chicken serum significantly improved organoid formation, especially in the presence of A8301, SB202190, CHIR99021, and VPA, but inhibited the differentiation of Paneth cells and enteroendocrine cells. Chicken serum at a concentration of 0.25% meets the requirement of chicken intestinal organoid development, and the beneficial effect of chicken serum on chicken intestinal organoid culture could not be replaced by fetal bovine serum and insulin-like growth factor-1. Moreover, commercial mouse organoid culture medium supplemented with A8301, SB202190, CHIR99021, VPA, and chicken serum promotes chicken organoid budding. Based on the chicken intestinal organoid model, we found that methionine deficiency mimicked by cycloleucine suppressed organoid formation and organoid size, and this effect was reinforced with increased cycloleucine concentrations. Methionine hydroxy analogue promoted regeneration of ISC but decreased cell differentiation compared with the results obtained with L-methionine. In conclusion, our results provide a potentially excellent guideline for chicken intestinal organoid culture and insights into methionine function in crypt development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qihang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuqin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Sichuan New Hope Liuhe Co. Ltd, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Beijing Dafa Chia Tai Co. Ltd., Beijing, 101206, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Gene Breeding and Reproductivity, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Corresponding authors.
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3
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Shandilya A, Mehan S. Dysregulation of IGF-1/GLP-1 signaling in the progression of ALS: potential target activators and influences on neurological dysfunctions. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:3145-3166. [PMID: 34018075 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The prominent causes for motor neuron diseases like ALS are demyelination, immune dysregulation, and neuroinflammation. Numerous research studies indicate that the downregulation of IGF-1 and GLP-1 signaling pathways plays a significant role in the progression of ALS pathogenesis and other neurological disorders. In the current review, we discussed the dysregulation of IGF-1/GLP-1 signaling in neurodegenerative manifestations of ALS like a genetic anomaly, oligodendrocyte degradation, demyelination, glial overactivation, immune deregulation, and neuroexcitation. In addition, the current review reveals the IGF-1 and GLP-1 activators based on the premise that the restoration of abnormal IGF-1/GLP-1 signaling could result in neuroprotection and neurotrophic effects for the clinical-pathological presentation of ALS and other brain diseases. Thus, the potential benefits of IGF-1/GLP-1 signal upregulation in the development of disease-modifying therapeutic strategies may prevent ALS and associated neurocomplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Shandilya
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
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4
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Yuan LJ, Zhang M, Chen S, Chen WF. Anti-inflammatory effect of IGF-1 is mediated by IGF-1R cross talk with GPER in MPTP/MPP +-induced astrocyte activation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 519:111053. [PMID: 33035625 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a potent neuroprotective polypeptide that exerts neuroprotective effects via the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R). Our previous study reported that G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) was involved in the anti-apoptotic effect of IGF-1. The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of IGF-1 in association with astrocyte activation and the molecular details of the interaction between IGF-1R and GPER. We showed that IGF-1 could improve 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced motor deficits and attenuate the upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) both in vivo and in vitro. The IGF-1R antagonist JB-1 and the GPER antagonist G15 could antagonize the anti-inflammatory effect of IGF-1. Silencing GPER abrogated the inhibitory effect of IGF-1 on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced upregulation of COX-2 and iNOS in primary astrocytes. Moreover, the MPP + -induced inflammatory response was related to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-κB signaling pathways. The inhibitory effects of IGF-1 on the phosphorylation of p38, JNK and IκB could be blocked by JB-1. G15 antagonized the inhibitory effects of IGF-1 on p-JNK and p-IκB, but not p-p38. Furthermore, IGF-1 treatment alone increased the expression of GPER, which was blocked by JB-1, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) antagonist LY294002 and the MEK antagonist PD98059 in primary astrocytes. Overall, we show for the first time that GPER may contribute to the anti-inflammatory effect of IGF-1 against MPTP/MPP + -induced astrocyte activation. IGF-1 could regulate the expression of GPER via the IGF-1R/PI3-K/MAPK signaling pathway in primary astrocytes.
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MESH Headings
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
- 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium/toxicity
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Astrocytes/drug effects
- Astrocytes/metabolism
- Behavior, Animal
- Benzodioxoles/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Humans
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/pharmacology
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Quinolines/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Substantia Nigra/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jie Yuan
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; School of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Su Chen
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wen-Fang Chen
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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5
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Hansen T, Thant C, White JA, Banerjee R, Thuamsang B, Gunawardena S. Excess active P13K rescues huntingtin-mediated neuronal cell death but has no effect on axonal transport defects. Apoptosis 2020; 24:341-358. [PMID: 30725352 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-019-01520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High levels of oxidative stress is detected in neurons affected by many neurodegenerative diseases, including huntington's disease. Many of these diseases also show neuronal cell death and axonal transport defects. While nuclear inclusions/accumulations likely cause cell death, we previously showed that cytoplasmic axonal accumulations can also contribute to neuronal death. However, the cellular mechanisms responsible for activating cell death is unclear. One possibility is that perturbations in normal axonal transport alter the function of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT)-pathway, a signal transduction pathway that promotes survival/growth in response to extracellular signals. To test this proposal in vivo, we expressed active PI3K in the context of pathogenic huntingtin (HTT-138Q) in Drosophila larval nerves, which show axonal transport defects and neuronal cell death. We found that excess expression of active P13K significantly suppressed HTT-138Q-mediated neuronal cell death, but had no effect on HTT-138Q-mediated axonal transport defects. Expression of active PI3K also rescued Paraquat-mediated cell death. Further, increased levels of pSer9 (inactive) glycogen synthase kinase 3β was seen in HTT-138Q-mediated larval brains, and in dynein loss of function mutants, indicating the modulation of the pro-survival pathway. Intriguingly, proteins in the PI3K/AKT-pathway showed functional interactions with motor proteins. Taken together our observations suggest that proper axonal transport is likely essential for the normal function of the pro-survival PI3K/AKT-signaling pathway and for neuronal survival in vivo. These results have important implications for targeting therapeutics to early insults during neurodegeneration and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Hansen
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US
| | - Claire Thant
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US
| | - Joseph A White
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US
| | - Rupkatha Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US
| | - Bhasirie Thuamsang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US
| | - Shermali Gunawardena
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US. .,The State University of New York at Buffalo, 109 Cooke Hall, North/Amherst Campus, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US.
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6
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Feng ST, Wang ZZ, Yuan YH, Sun HM, Chen NH, Zhang Y. Update on the association between alpha-synuclein and tau with mitochondrial dysfunction: Implications for Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:2946-2959. [PMID: 32031280 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The critical role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathological mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease (PD), is well established. Compelling evidence indicates that Parkinson's proteins (e.g., α-synuclein, Parkin, PINK1, DJ-1, and LRRK2) are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in PD. Significantly, there is a possible central role of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) in the occurrence of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress by the mediation of different signaling pathways. Also, tau, traditionally considered as the main component of neurofibrillary tangles, aggregates and amplifies the neurotoxic effects on mitochondria by interacting with α-Syn. Moreover, oxidative stress caused by mitochondrial dysfunction favors assembly of both α-Syn and tau and also plays a key role in the formation of protein aggregates. In this review, we provide an overview of the relationship between these two pathological proteins and mitochondrial dysfunction in PD, and also summarize the underlying mechanisms in the interplay of α-Syn aggregation and phosphorylated tau targeting the mitochondria, to find new strategies to prevent PD processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Tong Feng
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-He Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Mei Sun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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7
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Yuan LJ, Wang XW, Wang HT, Zhang M, Sun JW, Chen WF. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor is involved in the neuroprotective effect of IGF-1 against MPTP/MPP +-induced dopaminergic neuronal injury. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 192:105384. [PMID: 31175966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), an endogenous peptide, exerts important role in brain development, neurogenesis and neuroprotection. There are accumulating evidence for the interaction of IGF-1 and 17β-estradiol systems. IGF-1/IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling has been reported to regulate G-protein estrogen receptor (GPER) expression in cancer cells. Whether GPER is involved in the neuroprotective effect of IGF-1 against MPTP/MPP+-induced dopaminergic neuronal injury remains unclear. We showed that IGF-1 could improve MPTP-induced motor deficits and ameliorate the decreased contents of DA and its metabolites in striatum as well as the loss of TH-IR neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). IGF-1 pretreatment also reversed the changes of Bcl-2 and Bax protein expressions in SN in MPTP mice. These effects were abolished by IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) antagonist JB-1 or GPER antagonist G15 except the inhibitory effect of G15 on Bax protein expression. Moreover, IGF-1 pretreatment enhanced cell survival against MPP+-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. IGF-1 exerted anti-apoptotic effects by restoring MPP+-induced changes of Bcl-2 and Bax protein expressions as well as mitochondria membrane potential. Co-treatment with JB-1 or G15 could block these effects. Furthermore, IGF-1 regulated the protein expression of GPER through activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Overall, we show for the first time that GPER may contribute to the neuroprotective effects of IGF-1 against MPTP/MPP+-induced dopaminergic neuronal injury.
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MESH Headings
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/adverse effects
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dopaminergic Neurons/drug effects
- Dopaminergic Neurons/metabolism
- Dopaminergic Neurons/pathology
- Humans
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neuroblastoma/etiology
- Neuroblastoma/metabolism
- Neuroblastoma/pathology
- Neuroblastoma/prevention & control
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Neurotoxins/adverse effects
- Parkinson Disease/etiology
- Parkinson Disease/metabolism
- Parkinson Disease/pathology
- Parkinson Disease/prevention & control
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jie Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; School of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University (Taishan Medical University), Taian, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hao-Tian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jia-Wen Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wen-Fang Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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8
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Atluri R, Atmaramani R, Tharaka G, McCallister T, Peng J, Diercks D, GhoshMitra S, Ghosh S. Photo-Magnetic Irradiation-Mediated Multimodal Therapy of Neuroblastoma Cells Using a Cluster of Multifunctional Nanostructures. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8100774. [PMID: 30274306 PMCID: PMC6215308 DOI: 10.3390/nano8100774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of high intensity chemo-radiotherapies has demonstrated only modest improvement in the treatment of high-risk neuroblastomas. Moreover, undesirable drug specific and radiation therapy-incurred side effects enhance the risk of developing into a second cancer at a later stage. In this study, a safer and alternative multimodal therapeutic strategy involving simultaneous optical and oscillating (AC, Alternating Current) magnetic field stimulation of a multifunctional nanocarrier system has successfully been implemented to guide neuroblastoma cell destruction. This novel technique permitted the use of low-intensity photo-magnetic irradiation and reduced the required nanoparticle dose level. The combination of released cisplatin from the nanodrug reservoirs and photo-magnetic coupled hyperthermia mediated cytotoxicity led to the complete ablation of the B35 neuroblastoma cells in culture. Our study suggests that smart nanostructure-based photo-magnetic hybrid irradiation is a viable approach to remotely guide neuroblastoma cell destruction, which may be adopted in clinical management post modification to treat aggressive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Atluri
- Nano-Bio Engineering Laboratory, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, USA.
- Mechanical and Energy Engineering Department, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA.
| | - Rahul Atmaramani
- Nano-Bio Engineering Laboratory, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Gamage Tharaka
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, USA.
| | - Thomas McCallister
- Nano-Bio Engineering Laboratory, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, USA.
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, USA.
| | - David Diercks
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80439, USA.
| | - Somesree GhoshMitra
- Nano-Bio Engineering Laboratory, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, USA.
| | - Santaneel Ghosh
- Nano-Bio Engineering Laboratory, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, USA.
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, USA.
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9
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Cell Cycle Regulation by Ca 2+-Activated K⁺ (BK) Channels Modulators in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082442. [PMID: 30126198 PMCID: PMC6121591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channel modulation by Paxilline (PAX) (10−7–10−4 M), Iberiotoxin (IbTX) (0.1–1 × 10−6 M) and Resveratrol (RESV) (1–2 × 10−4 M) on cell cycle and proliferation, AKT1pSer473 phosphorylation, cell diameter, and BK currents were investigated in SH-SY5Y cells using Operetta-high-content-Imaging-System, ELISA-assay, impedentiometric counting method and patch-clamp technique, respectively. IbTX (4 × 10−7 M), PAX (5 × 10−5 M) and RESV (10−4 M) caused a maximal decrease of the outward K+ current at +30 mV (Vm) of −38.3 ± 10%, −31.9 ± 9% and −43 ± 8%, respectively, which was not reversible following washout and cell depolarization. After 6h of incubation, the drugs concentration dependently reduced proliferation. A maximal reduction of cell proliferation, respectively of −60 ± 8% for RESV (2 × 10−4 M) (IC50 = 1.50 × 10−4 M), −65 ± 6% for IbTX (10−6 M) (IC50 = 5 × 10−7 M), −97 ± 6% for PAX (1 × 10−4 M) (IC50 = 1.06 × 10−5 M) and AKT1pser473 dephosphorylation was observed. PAX induced a G1/G2 accumulation and contraction of the S-phase, reducing the nuclear area and cell diameter. IbTX induced G1 contraction and G2 accumulation reducing diameter. RESV induced G2 accumulation and S contraction reducing diameter. These drugs share common actions leading to a block of the surface membrane BK channels with cell depolarization and calcium influx, AKT1pser473 dephosphorylation by calcium-dependent phosphatase, accumulation in the G2 phase, and a reduction of diameter and proliferation. In addition, the PAX action against nuclear membrane BK channels potentiates its antiproliferative effects with early apoptosis.
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10
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Ma J, Gao SS, Yang HJ, Wang M, Cheng BF, Feng ZW, Wang L. Neuroprotective Effects of Proanthocyanidins, Natural Flavonoids Derived From Plants, on Rotenone-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:369. [PMID: 29904339 PMCID: PMC5990600 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PA) are natural flavonoids widely present in many vegetables, fruits, nuts and seeds, and especially in grape seed. In the present study, we examined the neuroprotective effects of PA and the underlying molecular mechanism in rotenone model of Parkinson's disease (PD). We found that pretreatment with PA significantly reduced rotenone-induced oxidative stress in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells. In addition, PA markedly enhanced cell viability against rotenone neurotoxicity and considerably blocked rotenone-induced activation of caspase-9, caspase-3, and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), biochemical features of apoptosis. Further study demonstrated that the anti-apoptotic effect of PA was mediated by suppressing p38, JNK, and ERK signaling, and inhibitors of these three signaling pathways reproduced the protective effect of PA separately. In summary, our results demonstrated that PA mitigated rotenone-induced ROS generation and antagonized apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells by inhibiting p38, JNK, and ERK signaling pathways, and it may provide a new insight of PA in PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shan-Shan Gao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hai-Jie Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mian Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Bin-Feng Cheng
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Feng
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Disciplinary group of Psychology and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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11
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Kim C, Park S. IGF-1 protects SH-SY5Y cells against MPP +-induced apoptosis via PI3K/PDK-1/Akt pathway. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:443-455. [PMID: 29459421 PMCID: PMC5843822 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 is a well-known anti-apoptotic pro-survival factor and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is linked to cell survival induced by IGF-1. It is also reported that Akt signaling is modulated by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1). In the current study, we investigated whether the anti-apoptotic effect of IGF-1 in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) is associated with the activity of PI3K/PDK1/Akt pathway. Treatment of cells with IGF-1 inhibited MPP+-induced apoptotic cell death. IGF-1-induced activation of Akt and the protective effect of IGF-1 on MPP+-induced apoptosis were abolished by chemical inhibition of PDK1 (GSK2334470) or PI3K (LY294002). The phosphorylated levels of Akt and PDK1 were significantly suppressed after MPP+ exposure, while IGF-1 treatment completely restored MPP+-induced reductions in phosphorylation. IGF-1 protected cells from MPP+ insult by suppressing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and malondialdehyde levels and increasing superoxide dismutase activity. Mitochondrial ROS levels were also increased during MPP+ exposure, which were attenuated by IGF-1 treatment. In addition, IGF-1-treated cells showed increased activities of succinate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase, stabilization of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, increased ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax, prevention of cytochrome c release and inhibition of caspase-3 activation with PARP cleavage. Furthermore, the protective effects of IGF-1 on oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction were attenuated when cells were preincubated with GSK2334470 or LY294002. Our data suggest that IGF-1 protects SH-SY5Y cells against MPP+-associated oxidative stress by preserving mitochondrial integrity and inhibiting mitochondrial apoptotic cascades via the activation of PI3K/PDK1/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanyang Kim
- Department of Biomedical ScienceGraduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungjoon Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to ROS and Biomedical Science InstituteSchool of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Yang L, Wang H, Liu L, Xie A. The Role of Insulin/IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/GSK3β Signaling in Parkinson's Disease Dementia. Front Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29515352 PMCID: PMC5826217 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia, a condition that frequently afflicts patients in advanced stages of Parkinson's disease (PD), results in decreased quality of life and survival time. Nevertheless, the pathological mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) are not completely understood. The symptoms characteristic of PDD may be the result of functional and structural deficiencies. The present study implicates the accumulation of Lewy bodies in the cortex and limbic system as a potent trigger in the development of PDD. In addition, significant Alzheimer-type pathologies, including amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and NFTs, are observed in almost half of PDD patients. Interestingly, links between PDD pathogenesis and the mechanisms underlying the development of insulin resistance have begun to emerge. Furthermore, previous studies have demonstrated that insulin treatment reduces amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and normalizes the production and functionality of dopamine and ameliorates motor impairments in 6-OHDA-induced rat PD models. GSK3β, a downstream substrate of PI3K/Akt signaling following induction by insulin and IGF-1, exerts an influence on AD and PD physiopathology. The genetic overexpression of GSK3β in cortex and hippocampus results in signs of neurodegeneration and spatial learning deficits in in vivo models (Lucas et al., 2001), whereas its inhibition results in improvements in cognitive impairment in these rodents, including AD and PD. Accordingly, insulin- or IGF-1-activated PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling may be involved in PDD pathogenesis, at least in the pathology of PD-type + AD-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Anmu Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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13
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Xiao Y, Cen L, Mo M, Chen X, Huang S, Wei L, Li S, Yang X, Qu S, Pei Z, Xu P. Association of IGF1 gene polymorphism with Parkinson's disease in a Han Chinese population. J Gene Med 2017; 19. [PMID: 28221705 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) plays an important role in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. However, it is not clear whether IGF1 polymorphism contributes to PD risk. METHODS We performed a case-control study in a Han Chinese population that included 512 sporadic PD cases and 535 matched controls. All participants were genotyped for rs972936 using the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform. Serum IGF1 levels of 61 de novo, drug-naïve PD patients and 55 age- and sex-matched controls were also measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Genotype frequency of rs972936-CC was significantly associated with an increased PD risk (p = 0.009), especially in males (p = 0.024) and late-onset patients (p = 0.013). Serum IGF1 levels were significantly increased in de novo, drug-naïve PD patients compared to controls (p = 0.036), although they were not correlated with motor dysfunction in PD patients (p = 0.220). CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that rs972936 polymorphism may increase susceptibility to PD, especially in males and late-onset patients. Furthermore, high serum IGF1 levels may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for PD in the Han Chinese population, although they do not correlate with a more severe motor dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousheng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Luan Cen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Mingshu Mo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuxuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaomin Li
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xinling Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shaogang Qu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Pirou C, Montazer-Torbati F, Jah N, Delmas E, Lasbleiz C, Mignotte B, Renaud F. FGF1 protects neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells from p53-dependent apoptosis through an intracrine pathway regulated by FGF1 phosphorylation. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3023. [PMID: 29048426 PMCID: PMC5596585 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, a sympathetic nervous system tumor, accounts for 15% of cancer deaths in children. In contrast to most human tumors, p53 is rarely mutated in human primary neuroblastoma, suggesting impaired p53 activation in neuroblastoma. Various studies have shown correlations between fgf1 expression levels and both prognosis severity and tumor chemoresistance. As we previously showed that fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) inhibited p53-dependent apoptosis in neuron-like PC12 cells, we initiated the study of the interaction between the FGF1 and p53 pathways in neuroblastoma. We focused on the activity of either extracellular FGF1 by adding recombinant rFGF1 in media, or of intracellular FGF1 by overexpression in human SH-SY5Y and mouse N2a neuroblastoma cell lines. In both cell lines, the genotoxic drug etoposide induced a classical mitochondrial p53-dependent apoptosis. FGF1 was able to inhibit p53-dependent apoptosis upstream of mitochondrial events in SH-SY5Y cells by both extracellular and intracellular pathways. Both rFGF1 addition and etoposide treatment increased fgf1 expression in SH-SY5Y cells. Conversely, rFGF1 or overexpressed FGF1 had no effect on p53-dependent apoptosis and fgf1 expression in neuroblastoma N2a cells. Using different FGF1 mutants (that is, FGF1K132E, FGF1S130A and FGF1S130D), we further showed that the C-terminal domain and phosphorylation of FGF1 regulate its intracrine anti-apoptotic activity in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. This study provides the first evidence for a role of an intracrine growth factor pathway on p53-dependent apoptosis in neuroblastoma, and could lead to the identification of key regulators involved in neuroblastoma tumor progression and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Pirou
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie Cellulaire, EA4589, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, École Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), PSL Research University, 2 Avenue de la Source de la Bièvre, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux 78180, France
| | - Fatemeh Montazer-Torbati
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie Cellulaire, EA4589, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, École Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), PSL Research University, 2 Avenue de la Source de la Bièvre, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux 78180, France
| | - Nadège Jah
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie Cellulaire, EA4589, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, École Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), PSL Research University, 2 Avenue de la Source de la Bièvre, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux 78180, France
| | - Elisabeth Delmas
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie Cellulaire, EA4589, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, École Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), PSL Research University, 2 Avenue de la Source de la Bièvre, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux 78180, France
| | - Christelle Lasbleiz
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie Cellulaire, EA4589, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, École Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), PSL Research University, 2 Avenue de la Source de la Bièvre, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux 78180, France
| | - Bernard Mignotte
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie Cellulaire, EA4589, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, École Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), PSL Research University, 2 Avenue de la Source de la Bièvre, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux 78180, France
| | - Flore Renaud
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie Cellulaire, EA4589, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, École Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), PSL Research University, 2 Avenue de la Source de la Bièvre, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux 78180, France
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15
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IGF-1 protects against Aβ25-35-induced neuronal cell death via inhibition of PUMA expression and Bax activation. Neurosci Lett 2017; 637:188-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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16
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Ramalingam M, Kwon YD, Kim SJ. Insulin as a Potent Stimulator of Akt, ERK and Inhibin-βE Signaling in Osteoblast-Like UMR-106 Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:589-594. [PMID: 27302964 PMCID: PMC5098537 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a peptide hormone of the endocrine pancreas and exerts a wide variety of physiological actions in insulin sensitive tissues, such as regulation of glucose homeostasis, cell growth, differentiation, learning and memory. However, the role of insulin in osteoblast cells remains to be fully characterized. In this study, we demonstrated that the insulin (100 nM) has the ability to stimulate the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the levels of inhibin-βE in the osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells. This insulin-stimulated activities were abolished by the PI3K and MEK1 inhibitors LY294002 and PD98059, respectively. This is the first report proving that insulin is a potential candidate that enables the actions of inhibin-βE subunit of the TGF-β family. The current investigation provides a foundation for the realization of insulin as a potential stimulator in survival signaling pathways in osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Ramalingam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Dae Kwon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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17
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Guo B, Zheng C, Cai W, Cheng J, Wang H, Li H, Sun Y, Cui W, Wang Y, Han Y, Lee SMY, Zhang Z. Multifunction of Chrysin in Parkinson's Model: Anti-Neuronal Apoptosis, Neuroprotection via Activation of MEF2D, and Inhibition of Monoamine Oxidase-B. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5324-5333. [PMID: 27245668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chrysin, a flavonoid compound existing in several plants, is applied as a dietary supplement because of its beneficial effects on general human health and alleviation of neurological disorders. However, mechanisms underlying neuroprotection of chrysin has not been fully elucidated, and the effects of chrysin on the Parkinson's disease (PD) model in vivo have not been investigated. It is here shown that chrysin protects primary granular neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion insult via antiapoptosis by reversing the dysregulated expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase 3. The mechanisms also involved activating transcriptional factor myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D) via regulation of AKT-GSK3β signaling. In this in vivo model of PD, chrysin rescued the dopaminergic neurons loss and alleviated the decrease in dopamine level induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine in mice. Moreover, chrysin markedly inhibited monoamine oxidase-B activity in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, chrysin exerts beneficial effects to PD, possibly through multitarget mechanisms including antineuronal apoptosis, activation of the AKT-GSK3β/MEF2D pathway, and inhibition of the MAO-B activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Guo
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy , Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Chengyou Zheng
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy , Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Wei Cai
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy , Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Jiehong Cheng
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy , Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy , Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Haitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research of Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Yewei Sun
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy , Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Wei Cui
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University , Zhejiang, 315211 China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy , Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Yifan Han
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research of Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy , Guangzhou, 510632 China
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18
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Ramalingam M, Kim SJ. Protective effects of activated signaling pathways by insulin on C6 glial cell model of MPP +-induced Parkinson's disease. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2016; 37:100-107. [PMID: 27137951 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2016.1171342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease (AD) associated with mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by oxidative stress. Astrocytes regulate neuronal function via the modulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity, secretion of growth factors, uptake of neurotransmitters, and regulation of extracellular ion concentrations and metabolic support of neurons. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism of action of insulin on a 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced toxicity of events associated in cell viability and toxicity to the expression profile of cell signaling pathway proteins and genes in rat C6 glial cells. The various concentrations of MPP+ alone inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment of insulin prevented the cell death and lowered the intracellular reactive oxygen species and calcium ion influx by MPP+. Insulin also suppressed the α-synuclein and elevated the insulin signaling pathway molecules IR, IGF-1R, IRS-1 and IRS-2 in C6 cells through phosphorylation of Akt/ERK survival pathways. Moreover, insulin inhibits MPP+-induced Bax to Bcl-2 ratio. These results suggest that insulin has a protective effect on the MPP+-toxicity in C6 glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Ramalingam
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, School of Dentistry , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Kim
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, School of Dentistry , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , South Korea
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19
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Kaufmann KB, Gothwal M, Schallner N, Ulbrich F, Rücker H, Amslinger S, Goebel U. The anti-inflammatory effects of E-α-(p-methoxyphenyl)-2',3,4,4'-tetramethoxychalcone are mediated via HO-1 induction. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 35:99-110. [PMID: 27044026 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a central role in the pathophysiology of many diseases. The inducible enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protects cells against inflammation and can be induced by electrophilic compounds like the chalcones (1,3-diphenylprop-2-enones) from the class of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. We hypothesized that the synthetic chalcone E-α-(p-methoxyphenyl)-2',3,4,4'-tetramethoxychalcone (E-α-p-OMe-C6H4-TMC) exerts anti-inflammatory effects in RAW264.7, Jurkat lymphocytes and HK-2 cells via HO-1 induction. RAW264.7 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide prior to E-α-p-OMe-C6H4-TMC treatment. Subsequently, HO-1 protein induction and activity were analyzed, as well as expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, transcription factors and mitogen-activated protein kinases to evaluate the possible molecular mechanism. These results were confirmed in human cell lines (Jurkat T-lymphocytes and HK-2 epithelial cells). We found that the E-α-p-OMe-C6H4-TMC exerts significant anti-inflammatory effects in a dose dependent manner, showing no toxic effects in LPS-treated RAW264.7 macrophages. E-α-p-OMe-C6H4-TMC induced HO-1 and SOD-1 protein expression and HO-1 enzyme activity, reduced the upregulation of COX-2 and iNOS, while inducing the translocation of Nrf2. NF-κB activity was attenuated following E-α-p-OMe-C6H4-TMC treatment accompanied by the downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1. Pretreatment with E-α-p-OMe-C6H4-TMC revealed significant changes in phosphorylation of ERK and p38, but not JNK. These anti-inflammatory effects of E-α-p-OMe-C6H4-TMC were approved in Jurkat and HK-2 cells, furthermore revealing a downregulation of IL-8 and IL-10. In conclusion, it is tempting to speculate about E-α-p-OMe-C6H4-TMC as a new and non-toxic agent, inducing HO-1 in cells. This opens up new opportunities regarding the development of therapeutic agents using beneficial effects of HO-1 and its products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai B Kaufmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - Monika Gothwal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Schallner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felix Ulbrich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hannelore Rücker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Amslinger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Goebel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany.
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20
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Song J, Kim J. Degeneration of Dopaminergic Neurons Due to Metabolic Alterations and Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:65. [PMID: 27065205 PMCID: PMC4811934 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The rates of metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), markedly increase with age. In recent years, studies have reported an association between metabolic changes and various pathophysiological mechanisms in the central nervous system (CNS) in patients with metabolic diseases. Oxidative stress and hyperglycemia in metabolic diseases lead to adverse neurophysiological phenomena, including neuronal loss, synaptic dysfunction, and improper insulin signaling, resulting in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In addition, several lines of evidence suggest that alterations of CNS environments by metabolic changes influence the dopamine neuronal loss, eventually affecting the pathogenesis of PD. Thus, we reviewed recent findings relating to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons during metabolic diseases. We highlight the fact that using a metabolic approach to manipulate degeneration of dopaminergic neurons can serve as a therapeutic strategy to attenuate pathology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongpil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University Seoul, South Korea
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21
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Cai P, Ye J, Zhu J, Liu D, Chen D, Wei X, Johnson NR, Wang Z, Zhang H, Cao G, Xiao J, Ye J, Lin L. Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress is Involved in the Neuroprotective Effect of bFGF in the 6-OHDA-Induced Parkinson's Disease Model. Aging Dis 2016; 7:336-449. [PMID: 27493838 PMCID: PMC4963188 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with complicated pathophysiologic mechanisms. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress appears to play a critical role in the progression of PD. We demonstrated that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), as a neurotropic factor, inhibited ER stress-induced neuronal cell apoptosis and that 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced ER stress was involved in the progression of PD in rats. bFGF administration improved motor function recovery, increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neuron survival, and upregulated the levels of neurotransmitters in PD rats. The 6-OHDA-induced ER stress response proteins were inhibited by bFGF treatment. Meanwhile, bFGF also increased expression of TH. The administration of bFGF activated the downstream signals PI3K/Akt and Erk1/2 in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt and Erk1/2 pathways by specific inhibitors partially reduced the protective effect of bFGF. This study provides new insight towards bFGF translational drug development for PD involving the regulation of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingtao Cai
- 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jingjing Ye
- 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Dan Liu
- 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Daqing Chen
- 2Emergency Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Xiaojie Wei
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Cixi People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315300, China
| | - Noah R Johnson
- 4Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Zhouguang Wang
- 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Guodong Cao
- 4Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jian Xiao
- 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Junming Ye
- 5Department of Anesthesia, the First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical College, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Li Lin
- 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
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Costales J, Kolevzon A. The therapeutic potential of insulin-like growth factor-1 in central nervous system disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 63:207-22. [PMID: 26780584 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) development is a finely tuned process that relies on multiple factors and intricate pathways to ensure proper neuronal differentiation, maturation, and connectivity. Disruption of this process can cause significant impairments in CNS functioning and lead to debilitating disorders that impact motor and language skills, behavior, and cognitive functioning. Recent studies focused on understanding the underlying cellular mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders have identified a crucial role for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in normal CNS development. Work in model systems has demonstrated rescue of pathophysiological and behavioral abnormalities when IGF-1 is administered, and several clinical studies have shown promise of efficacy in disorders of the CNS, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this review, we explore the molecular pathways and downstream effects of IGF-1 and summarize the results of completed and ongoing pre-clinical and clinical trials using IGF-1 as a pharmacologic intervention in various CNS disorders. This aim of this review is to provide evidence for the potential of IGF-1 as a treatment for neurodevelopmental disorders and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Kolevzon
- Department of Psychiatry, United States; Department of Pediatrics, United States; Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, United States; Friedman Brain Institute, United States; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
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Li DH, He YC, Quinn TJ, Liu J. Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in Patients with De Novo, Drug Naïve Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144755. [PMID: 26657015 PMCID: PMC4684362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is reported to be neuroprotective in the setting of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and there is increasing interest in the possible association of serum IGF-1 levels with PD patients, but with conflicting results. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the association of serum IGF-1 levels in de novo, drug naïve PD patients compared with healthy controls. Methods Pubmed, ISI Web of Science, OVID, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases from 1966 to October 2014 were utilized to identify candidate studies using Medical Subjective Headings without language restriction. A random-effects model was chosen, with subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis conducted to reveal underlying heterogeneity among the included studies. Results In this meta-analysis, we found that PD patients had higher serum IGF-1 levels compared with healthy controls (summary mean difference [MD] = 17.75, 95%CI = 6.01, 29.48). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the source of heterogeneity was population differences within the total group. Sensitivity analysis showed that the combined MD was consistent at any time omitting any one study. Conclusions The results of this meta-analysis demonstrate that serum IGF-1 levels were significantly higher in de novo, drug-naïve PD patients compared with healthy controls. Nevertheless, additional endeavors are required to further explore the association between serum IGF-1 levels and diagnosis, prognosis and early therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun-Hui Li
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ya-Chao He
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Thomas J. Quinn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, 48073, United States of America
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- * E-mail:
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The Cytoprotective Effects of E-α-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2',3,4,4'-Tetramethoxychalcone (E-α-p-OMe-C6H4-TMC)--A Novel and Non-Cytotoxic HO-1 Inducer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142932. [PMID: 26565402 PMCID: PMC4643879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell protection against different noxious stimuli like oxidative stress or chemical toxins plays a central role in the treatment of many diseases. The inducible heme oxygenase isoform, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), is known to protect cells against a variety of harmful conditions including apoptosis. Because a number of medium strong electrophiles from a series of α-X-substituted 2’,3,4,4’-tetramethoxychalcones (α-X-TMCs, X = H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, Me, p-NO2-C6H4, Ph, p-OMe-C6H4, NO2, CF3, COOEt, COOH) had proven to activate Nrf2 resulting in HO-1 induction and inhibit NF-κB downstream target genes, their protective effect against staurosporine induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was investigated. RAW264.7 macrophages treated with 19 different chalcones (15 α-X-TMCs, chalcone, 2’-hydroxychalcone, calythropsin and 2’-hydroxy-3,4,4’-trimethoxychalcone) prior to staurosporine treatment were analyzed for apoptosis and ROS production, as well as HO-1 protein expression and enzyme activity. Additionally, Nrf2 and NF-κB activity was assessed. We found that amongst all tested chalcones only E-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2’,3,4,4'-tetramethoxychalcone (E-α-p-OMe-C6H4-TMC) demonstrated a distinct, statistically significant antiapoptotic effect in a dose dependent manner, showing no toxic effects, while its double bond isomer Z-α-p-OMe-C6H4-TMC displayed no significant activity. Also, E-α-p-OMe-C6H4-TMC induced HO-1 protein expression and increased HO-1 activity, whilst inhibition of HO-1 by SnPP-IX abolished its antiapoptotic effect. The only weakly electrophilic chalcone E-α-p-OMe-C6H4-TMC reduced the staurosporine triggered formation of ROS, while inducing the translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus. Furthermore, staurosporine induced NF-κB activity was attenuated following E-α-p-OMe-C6H4-TMC treatment. Overall, E-α-p-OMe-C6H4-TMC demonstrated its effective cytoprotective potential via a non-toxic induction of HO-1 in RAW264.7 macrophages. The observed cytoprotective effect may partly be related to both, the activation of the Nrf2- and inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.
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25
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Lee Y, Chun HJ, Lee KM, Jung YS, Lee J. Silibinin suppresses astroglial activation in a mouse model of acute Parkinson׳s disease by modulating the ERK and JNK signaling pathways. Brain Res 2015; 1627:233-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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Lu-Nguyen NB, Broadstock M, Yáñez-Muñoz RJ. Efficient Expression of Igf-1 from Lentiviral Vectors Protects In Vitro but Does Not Mediate Behavioral Recovery of a Parkinsonian Lesion in Rats. Hum Gene Ther 2015. [PMID: 26222254 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy approaches delivering neurotrophic factors have offered promising results in both preclinical and clinical trials of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, failure of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in phase 2 clinical trials has sparked a search for other trophic factors that may retain efficacy in the clinic. Direct protein injections of one such factor, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, in a rodent model of PD has demonstrated impressive protection of dopaminergic neurons against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) toxicity. However, protein infusion is associated with surgical risks, pump failure, and significant costs. We therefore used lentiviral vectors to deliver Igf-1, with a particular focus on the novel integration-deficient lentiviral vectors (IDLVs). A neuron-specific promoter, from the human synapsin 1 gene, excellent for gene expression from IDLVs, was additionally used to enhance Igf-1 expression. An investigation of neurotrophic effects on primary rat neuronal cultures demonstrated that neurons transduced with IDLV-Igf-1 vectors had complete protection on withdrawal of exogenous trophic support. Striatal transduction of such vectors into 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, however, provided neither protection of dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons nor improvement of animal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc B Lu-Nguyen
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London , Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Broadstock
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London , Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael J Yáñez-Muñoz
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London , Egham, United Kingdom
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Ramalingam M, Kim SJ. The Neuroprotective Role of Insulin Against MPP(+) -Induced Parkinson's Disease in Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:917-26. [PMID: 26364587 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common chronic neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging that primarily caused by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SN). Retinoic acid (RA)-differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells (SH-SY5Y+RA) have been broadly utilized in studies of mechanisms of the pathogenesis underlying 1-Methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium (MPP(+))-induced PD models. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective mechanisms of insulin on MPP(+)-induced neurotoxicity on SH-SY5Y+RA cells. Recent studies suggest that insulin has a protective effect against oxidative stress but not been elucidated for PD. In this study, pretreatment of insulin prevented the cell death in a dose dependent manner and lowered nitric oxide (NO) release, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and calcium ion (Ca(2+)) influx induced by MPP(+). Insulin also elevated tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and insulin signaling pathways in dopaminergic neuron through activating PI3K/Akt/GSK-3 survival pathways which in turn inhibits MPP(+)-induced iNOS and ERK activation, and Bax to Bcl-2 ratio. These results suggest that insulin has a protective effect on MPP(+)-neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y+RA cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Ramalingam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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28
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Satheesh NJ, Büsselberg D. The role of intracellular calcium for the development and treatment of neuroblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:823-48. [PMID: 26010602 PMCID: PMC4491686 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7020811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the second most common paediatric cancer. It developsfrom undifferentiated simpatico-adrenal lineage cells and is mostly sporadic; however, theaetiology behind the development of neuroblastoma is still not fully understood. Intracellularcalcium ([Ca2+]i) is a secondary messenger which regulates numerous cellular processesand, therefore, its concentration is tightly regulated. This review focuses on the role of[Ca2+]i in differentiation, apoptosis and proliferation in neuroblastoma. It describes themechanisms by which [Ca2+]i is regulated and how it modulates intracellular pathways.Furthermore, the importance of [Ca2+]i for the function of anti-cancer drugs is illuminatedin this review as [Ca2+]i could be a target to improve the outcome of anti-cancer treatmentin neuroblastoma. Overall, modulations of [Ca2+]i could be a key target to induce apoptosisin cancer cells leading to a more efficient and effective treatment of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noothan Jyothi Satheesh
- Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, POB 24144, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, POB 24144, Doha, Qatar.
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29
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Fragkouli A, Doxakis E. miR-7 and miR-153 protect neurons against MPP(+)-induced cell death via upregulation of mTOR pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:182. [PMID: 25071443 PMCID: PMC4080263 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential expression of microRNAs (miRs) in the brain of patients with neurodegenerative diseases suggests that they may have key regulatory roles in the development of these disorders. Two such miRs, miR-7, and miR-153 have recently been shown to target α-synuclein, a protein critically involved in the pathological process of Parkinson's disease. By using a well-established in culture Parkinson's disease model that of neurotoxin 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-Pyridinium (MPP+), we examined whether miR-7 and miR-153 display neuroprotective properties. Herein, we demonstrate that treatment of cortical neurons with MPP+ induced a dose-dependent cell death with apoptotic characteristics. This was reflected in altered intracellular signaling characterized by increased levels of activated kinases p38MAPK and ERK1/2 and reduced levels of activated AKT, p70S6K, and SAPK/JNK. Overexpression of miR-7 or miR-153 by adenoviral transduction protected cortical neurons from MPP+-induced toxicity, restored neuronal viability and anti-apoptotic BCL-2 protein levels while attenuated activation of caspase-3. Moreover, both miR-7 and miR-153 interfered with MPP+-induced alterations in intracellular signaling pathways in a partially overlapping manner; specifically, they preserved activation of mTOR and SAPK/JNK signaling pathways in the MPP+-treated neurons, while miR-153 also attenuated MPP+-induced activation of p38MAPK. No major effects were observed in the rest of signaling cascades or proteins investigated. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effect of miR-7 and miR-153 was alleviated when MPP+ was co-administered with rapamycin. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-7 and miR-153 protect neurons from cell death by interfering with the MPP+-induced downregulation of mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolia Fragkouli
- Lab of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Epaminondas Doxakis
- Lab of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens Athens, Greece
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30
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The theory of bipolar disorder as an illness of accelerated aging: Implications for clinical care and research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 42:157-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Yao H, Bethel-Brown C, Niu F, Yang L, Peng F, Buch S. Yin and Yang of PDGF-mediated signaling pathway in the context of HIV infection and drug abuse. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2014; 9:161-7. [PMID: 23784143 PMCID: PMC3865168 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-013-9481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The control and eradication of neurological complications associated with AIDS continues to be an important goal in efforts toward improving the well being of HIV-infected patients. Although combined antiretroviral therapies have contributed significantly to increasing the longevity of patients by suppressing the virus burden in the systemic compartments, the prevalence of HIV-associated neurological disorders continues to be on the rise. This in turn, leads to an impaired quality of life of the infected individuals who continue to suffer from mild to moderate cognitive decline and memory loss. Developing therapeutic interventions that reverse neuronal injury in the context of HIV infection, is thus of paramount importance in the field. Our previous studies have demonstrated that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has a neuroprotective potential against HIV envelope protein gp120 and Tat. Paradoxically, PDGF is also a cerebrovascular permeant with deleterious effects on the blood-brain barrier resulting in increased influx of monocytes in the CNS. Herein, we review the opposing roles of PDGF in the context of HIV-associated neurodegenerative disorder (HAND).
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Crystal Bethel-Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Fang Niu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Fuwang Peng
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Shilpa Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
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Lee E, Park HR, Ji ST, Lee Y, Lee J. Baicalein attenuates astroglial activation in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson's disease model by downregulating the activations of nuclear factor-κB, ERK, and JNK. J Neurosci Res 2013; 92:130-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention; Pusan National University; Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ra Park
- Department of Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention; Pusan National University; Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Taek Ji
- Department of Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention; Pusan National University; Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Lee
- Department of Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention; Pusan National University; Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy; Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention; Pusan National University; Busan Republic of Korea
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Zhou Y, Li F, Tian X, Wang B, Ding M, Pang H. Changes in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase 55 kDa gamma expression and subcellular localization may be caspase 6 dependent in paraquat-induced SH-SY5Y apoptosis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 33:761-71. [PMID: 24130211 DOI: 10.1177/0960327113499044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The neurotoxin paraquat (PQ) causes apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in mammalian cell culture and animal models, mimicking an important pathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is critical for several major survival signals in central nervous system neurons. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase 55 kDa gamma (p55PIK) is a regulatory subunit of PI3Ks with important roles in cell proliferation, antiapoptosis, and cell cycle progression. However, p55PIK involvement in mechanisms regarding progression and maintenance of neurodegenerative diseases is largely undetermined. We used PQ-induced apoptosis in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells to investigate the association between p55PIK expression levels, subcellular location, and apoptosis. p55PIK expression was reduced in SH-SY5Y cells and p55PIK messenger RNA and protein expression levels were decreased after PQ treatment. Apoptosis induced by PQ was associated with caspase activation and decreased p55PIK expression. Restoration of p55PIK expression was observed after coincubation with a caspase inhibitor. Overexpressed full-length p55PIK in SH-SY5Y and human embryonic kidney 293 cells showed specific distribution in the nucleus and was cleaved in vitro by recombinant caspase 6 (C6), but not C3 and C7. A p55PIK construct lacking 24 N-terminal amino acids (N24) was tested for the presence of a potential C6-recognizable sequence and was found to express its proteins outside the nucleus. The results suggest that p55PIK may be involved in PQ-induced apoptosis signal transduction and that N24 is crucial for p55PIK subcellular localization. Thus, p55PIK could be a substrate of activated C6 during apoptosis, leading to loss of original biological functions and redistribution to disturb cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhou
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - F Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China Department of Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, People's Republic of China
| | - X Tian
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - B Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - M Ding
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - H Pang
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Neacsu O, Cleveland K, Xu H, Tchkonia TT, Kirkland JL, Boney CM. IGF-I attenuates FFA-induced activation of JNK1 phosphorylation and TNFα expression in human subcutaneous preadipocytes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:1843-9. [PMID: 23512893 PMCID: PMC3690156 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Free fatty acids (FFAs) are increased in visceral fat and contribute to insulin resistance through multiple mechanisms, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and expression of TNFα. Given that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)-mediated proliferation is impaired in omental compared to subcutaneous (SC) preadipocytes, we investigated IGF-I anti-inflammatory action in preadipocytes from SC and omental adipose tissue. DESIGN AND METHODS Preadipocytes isolated from abdominal SC and omental fat of obese subjects were studied in primary culture. Cells were exposed to FFAs with or without IGF-I pretreatment followed by analysis of cytokine expression and JNK phosphorylation. Lentivirus infection was used to express a constitutively active AKT (myr-AKT) in omental preadipocytes. RESULTS FFAs increased the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, interleukin (IL)-6, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 in SC and omental preadipocytes. IGF-I pretreatment reduced FFA-induced JNK1 phosphorylation and TNFα expression in SC but not omental preadipocytes. Treatment with the JNK1/2 inhibitor SP600125 reduced FFA-induced expression of TNFα. FFAs and MALP-2, a specific TLR2/6 ligand, but not specific ligands for TLR4 and TLR1/2, increased JNK1 phosphorylation. IGF-I completely inhibited MALP-2-stimulated phosphorylation of JNK1. Expression of myr-AKT in omental preadipocytes inhibited FFA-stimulated JNK1 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS IGF-I attenuated FFA-induced JNK1 phosphorylation and TNFα expression through activation of AKT in human subcutaneous but not omental preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otilia Neacsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, 02903
| | - Kelly Cleveland
- Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, 02903
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, 02903
| | - Tamara T. Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, 55905
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, 55905
| | - Charlotte M Boney
- Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, 02903
- corresponding author/reprint requests: Charlotte M Boney MD, Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, 593 Eddy St, MPS-2, Providence RI 02903, 401-444-7891 phone, 401-444-2534 fax,
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Garcia-Garcia A, Anandhan A, Burns M, Chen H, Zhou Y, Franco R. Impairment of Atg5-dependent autophagic flux promotes paraquat- and MPP⁺-induced apoptosis but not rotenone or 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity. Toxicol Sci 2013; 136:166-82. [PMID: 23997112 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Controversial reports on the role of autophagy as a survival or cell death mechanism in dopaminergic cell death induced by parkinsonian toxins exist. We investigated the alterations in autophagic flux and the role of autophagy protein 5 (Atg5)-dependent autophagy in dopaminergic cell death induced by parkinsonian toxins. Dopaminergic cell death induced by the mitochondrial complex I inhibitors 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺) and rotenone, the pesticide paraquat, and the dopamine analog 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was paralleled by increased autophagosome accumulation. However, when compared with basal autophagy levels using chloroquine, autophagosome accumulation was a result of impaired autophagic flux. Only 6-OHDA induced an increase in autophagosome formation. Overexpression of a dominant negative form of Atg5 increased paraquat- and MPP⁺-induced cell death. Stimulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent signaling protected against cell death induced by paraquat, whereas MPP⁺-induced toxicity was enhanced by wortmannin, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase class III inhibitor, rapamycin, and trehalose, an mTOR-independent autophagy activator. Modulation of autophagy by either pharmacological or genetic approaches had no effect on rotenone or 6-OHDA toxicity. Cell death induced by parkinsonian neurotoxins was inhibited by the pan caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD), but only caspase-3 inhibition was able to decrease MPP⁺-induced cell death. Finally, inhibition of the lysosomal hydrolases, cathepsins, increased the toxicity by paraquat and MPP⁺, supporting a protective role of Atg5-dependent autophagy and lysosomes degradation pathways on dopaminegic cell death. These results demonstrate that in dopaminergic cells, Atg5-dependent autophagy acts as a protective mechanism during apoptotic cell death induced by paraquat and MPP⁺ but not during rotenone or 6-OHDA toxicity.
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Silymarin- and melatonin-mediated changes in the expression of selected genes in pesticides-induced Parkinsonism. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 384:47-58. [PMID: 23963992 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1780-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most unconcealed neurodegenerative disorder labelled with motor impairments. Two pesticides, manganese ethylene-1,2-bisdithiocarbamate (maneb) and 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride (paraquat), together, are reported to increase the incidence of PD in humans and Parkinsonism in mice. Conversely, silymarin and melatonin, two naturally occurring antioxidants, rescue from maneb- and paraquat-induced Parkinsonism. The study examined silymarin- and melatonin-mediated changes in the expression of selected genes in maneb- and paraquat-induced Parkinsonism employing mouse discover chips microarrays. The mice were treated intraperitoneally (i.p.), daily, with silymarin (40 mg/kg) or melatonin (30 mg/kg) for 9 weeks along with vehicles. Subsets of animals were also treated with maneb (30 mg/kg; i.p.) and paraquat (10 mg/kg; i.p.), twice a week, for 9 weeks. Whilst the expression of genes in the striatum was determined by microarray, the expression of randomly selected transcripts was validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Combined maneb- and paraquat-treatment altered the expression of several genes associated with apoptosis, inflammation, cell cycle, cell-signalling, etc. pathways. Silymarin and melatonin significantly resisted the changes in the expression of a few genes related to apoptosis, inflammation, cell cycle, cell-signalling, etc. The expression patterns of seven randomly selected genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR, which were found to follow the similar trends, as observed with microarray. The results obtained from the study thus demonstrate that despite resemblances, silymarin and melatonin differentially offset maneb- and paraquat-induced changes in transcriptome.
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Megison ML, Gillory LA, Beierle EA. Cell survival signaling in neuroblastoma. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2013; 13:563-75. [PMID: 22934706 PMCID: PMC3710698 DOI: 10.2174/1871520611313040005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood and is responsible for over 15% of pediatric cancer deaths. Neuroblastoma tumorigenesis and malignant transformation is driven by overexpression and dominance of cell survival pathways and a lack of normal cellular senescence or apoptosis. Therefore, manipulation of cell survival pathways may decrease the malignant potential of these tumors and provide avenues for the development of novel therapeutics. This review focuses on several facets of cell survival pathways including protein kinases (PI3K, AKT, ALK, and FAK), transcription factors (NF-κB, MYCN and p53), and growth factors (IGF, EGF, PDGF, and VEGF). Modulation of each of these factors decreases the growth or otherwise hinders the malignant potential of neuroblastoma, and many therapeutics targeting these pathways are already in the clinical trial phase of development. Continued research and discovery of effective modulators of these pathways will revolutionize the treatment of neuroblastoma.
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Swardfager W, Herrmann N, McIntyre RS, Mazereeuw G, Goldberger K, Cha DS, Schwartz Y, Lanctôt KL. Potential roles of zinc in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:911-29. [PMID: 23567517 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Incomplete response to monoaminergic antidepressants in major depressive disorder (MDD), and the phenomenon of neuroprogression, suggests a need for additional pathophysiological markers and pharmacological targets. Neuronal zinc is concentrated exclusively within glutamatergic neurons, acting as an allosteric modulator of the N-methyl D-aspartate and other receptors that regulate excitatory neurotransmission and neuroplasticity. Zinc-containing neurons form extensive associational circuitry throughout the cortex, amygdala and hippocampus, which subserve mood regulation and cognitive functions. In animal models of depression, zinc is reduced in these circuits, zinc treatment has antidepressant-like effects and dietary zinc insufficiency induces depressive behaviors. Clinically, serum zinc is lower in MDD, which may constitute a state-marker of illness and a risk factor for treatment-resistance. Marginal zinc deficiency in MDD may relate to multiple putative mechanisms underlying core symptomatology and neuroprogression (e.g. immune dysfunction, monoamine metabolism, stress response dysregulation, oxidative/nitrosative stress, neurotrophic deficits, transcriptional/epigenetic regulation of neural networks). Initial randomized trials suggest a benefit of zinc supplementation. In summary, molecular and animal behavioral data support the clinical significance of zinc in the setting of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Swardfager
- Neuropharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Lu M, Hu G. Targeting metabolic inflammation in Parkinson's disease: implications for prospective therapeutic strategies. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 39:577-85. [PMID: 22126374 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05650.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1. Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Although the aetiology of PD has not been clarified as yet, it is believed that ageing, diet, diabetes and adiposity are associated with PD. 2. Type 2 diabetes and lipid abnormalities share multiple common pathophysiological mechanisms with PD. In particular, inflammation plays a critical role in the destruction of both pancreatic islet β-cells and dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Emerging evidence indicates that dysfunctions of energy metabolism evoke metabolic inflammation, which differs to the narrow concept of inflammation, participating in systemic pathological processes such as neurodegenerative disease and diabetes. 3. The brain is considered an immunologically privileged organ, free from immune reactions, because it is protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, studies have shown that there is gradual impairment of neurovascular function with ageing and in neurodegenerative disorders, resulting in abnormal states, including increased BBB permeability. Consequently, harmful elements that would not normally be able to cross the BBB, such as pro-inflammatory factors, reactive oxygen species and neurotoxins, infiltrate into the brain, triggering neural injury. 4. Currently, the drugs available for the treatment of PD only ameliorate the symptoms of the disease. Therapeutic strategies aimed at stopping or modifying disease progression are still being sought. Most recent studies suggest that both central and peripheral inflammation may be dysregulated in PD. Therefore, therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating systemic inflammatory reactions or energy metabolism may represent a goal in neuroprotection in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Peng F, Yao H, Akturk HK, Buch S. Platelet-derived growth factor CC-mediated neuroprotection against HIV Tat involves TRPC-mediated inactivation of GSK 3beta. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47572. [PMID: 23077641 PMCID: PMC3471979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor-CC (PDGF-CC) is the third member of the PDGF family, and has been implicated both in embryogenesis and development of the CNS. The biological function of this isoform however, remains largely unexplored in the context of HIV-associated dementia (HAD). In the present study, we demonstrate that exposure of human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y to HIV transactivator protein Tat resulted in decreased intrinsic expression of PDGF-CC as evidenced by RT-PCR and western blot assays. Reciprocally, pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells with PDGF-CC abrogated Tat-mediated neurotoxicity by mitigating apoptosis and neurite & MAP-2 loss. Using pharmacological and loss of function approaches we identified the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling in PDGF-CC-mediated neuroprotection. We report herein a novel role about the involvement of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channel 1 in modulation of calcium transients in PDGF-CC-mediated neuroprotection. Furthermore we also demonstrated PDGF-CC-mediated inactivation of the downstream mediator - glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) evidenced by its phosphorylation at Ser-9. This was further validated by gain and loss of function studies using cells transfected with either the wild type or mutant GSK3β constructs. Intriguingly, pretreatment of cells with either the PI3K inhibitor or TRPC blocker resulted in failure of PDGF-CC to inactivate GSK3β, thereby suggesting the intersection of PI3K and TRPC signaling at GSK3β. Taken together our findings lead to the suggestion that PDGF-CC could be developed as a therapeutic target to reverse Tat-mediated neurotoxicity with implications for HAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuwang Peng
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Honghong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Halis Kaan Akturk
- Department of Medicine, Creighton Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Shilpa Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yao L, Li W, She H, Dou J, Jia L, He Y, Yang Q, Zhu J, Cápiro NL, Walker DI, Pennell KD, Pang Y, Liu Y, Han Y, Mao Z. Activation of transcription factor MEF2D by bis(3)-cognitin protects dopaminergic neurons and ameliorates Parkinsonian motor defects. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:34246-55. [PMID: 22891246 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.367540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is characterized by the selective demise of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantial nigra pars compacta. Dysregulation of transcriptional factor myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D) has been implicated in the pathogenic process in in vivo and in vitro models of PD. Here, we identified a small molecule bis(3)-cognitin (B3C) as a potent activator of MEF2D. We showed that B3C attenuated the toxic effects of neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) by activating MEF2D via multiple mechanisms. B3C significantly reduced MPP(+)-induced oxidative stress and potentiated Akt to down-regulate the activity of MEF2 inhibitor glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) in a DA neuronal cell line SN4741. Furthermore, B3C effectively rescued MEF2D from MPP(+)-induced decline in both nucleic and mitochondrial compartments. B3C offered SN4741 cells potent protection against MPP(+)-induced apoptosis via MEF2D. Interestingly, B3C also protected SN4741 cells from wild type or mutant A53T α-synuclein-induced cytotoxicity. Using the in vivo PD model of C57BL/6 mice treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP), we showed that B3C maintained redox homeostasis, promoted Akt function activity, and restored MEF2D level in midbrain neurons. Moreover, B3C greatly prevented the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase signal in substantial nigra pars compacta DA neurons and ameliorated behavioral impairments in mice treated with MPTP. Collectedly, our studies identified B3C as a potent neuroprotective agent whose effectiveness relies on its ability to effectively up-regulate MEF2D in DA neurons against toxic stress in models of PD in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yao
- Institute of Neurobiology, Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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PARK YANGGYU, JEONG JAEKYO, MOON MYUNGHEE, LEE JUHEE, LEE YOUJIN, SEOL JAEWON, KIM SHANGJIN, KANG SEOGJIN, PARK SANGYOUEL. Insulin-like growth factor-1 protects against prion peptide-induced cell death in neuronal cells via inhibition of Bax translocation. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:1069-74. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Kinases and kinase signaling pathways: potential therapeutic targets in Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 98:207-21. [PMID: 22709943 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Complex molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) are gradually being elucidated. Accumulating genetic evidence implicates dysfunction of kinase activities and phosphorylation pathways in the pathogenesis of PD. Causative and risk gene products associated with PD include protein kinases (such as PINK1, LRRK2 and GAK) and proteins related phosphorylation signaling pathways (such as SNCA, DJ-1). PINK1, LRRK2 and several PD gene products have been associated with mitogen-activated protein (MAP) and protein kinase B (AKT) kinase signaling pathways. C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and p38, signaling pathways downstream of MAP, are particularly important in PD. JNK and p38 play an integral role in neuronal death. Targeting JNK or p38 signaling may offer an effective therapy for PD. Inhibitors of the ERK signaling pathway, which plays an important role in the development of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID), have been shown to attenuate this condition in animal models. In this review, we summarize experimental evidence gathered over the last decade on the role of PINK1, LRRK2 and GAK and their related phosphorylation signaling pathways (JNK, ERK, p38 and PI3K/AKT) in PD. It is speculated that improvement or modulation of these signaling pathways will reveal potential therapeutic targets for attenuation of the cardinal symptoms and motor complications in patients with PD in the future.
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Lee SH, Suh HN, Lee YJ, Seo BN, Ha JW, Han HJ. Midkine prevented hypoxic injury of mouse embryonic stem cells through activation of Akt and HIF-1α via low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:1731-9. [PMID: 21688265 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell functions are dramatically altered by oxygen in tissue culture, which means the antioxidant/oxidant balance is critical for protection as well as toxicity. This study examined the effect of the heparin-binding growth factor midkine (MK) on hypoxia-induced apoptosis and related signal pathways in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Hypoxia (60 h) increased lactate dehydrogenase release and apoptosis, and reduced cell viability and proliferation. These effects were reversed by MK (100 ng/ml). MK also reversed hypoxia-induced increases of intracellular reactive oxygen species, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. Blockage of JNK and p38 MAPK using small interference (si)RNAs produced a decrease in apoptosis. A loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, increases of cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytosol, and cleaved caspase-3 expression, as well as decreases in cIAP-2 and Bcl-2 were also reversed by MK. Hypoxia alone and hypoxia with MK increased low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) mRNA and protein expression. Hypoxia with MK rapidly increased serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt) phosphorylation which reversed by LRP-1 Ab (0.1 µg/ml) and prolonged heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. In addition, hypoxia with MK increased the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Moreover, inhibition of Akt, HO-1, and HIF-1α signaling pathways abolished the MK-induced blockage of apoptosis. In conclusion, MK partially prevented hypoxic injury of mESCs through activation of Akt, HO-1, and HIF-1α via LRP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Zhu G, Wang X, Wu S, Li Q. Involvement of activation of PI3K/Akt pathway in the protective effects of puerarin against MPP+-induced human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell death. Neurochem Int 2012; 60:400-8. [PMID: 22265823 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to clarify the protective effect of puerarin on toxin-insulted dopaminergic neuronal death, this present study was carried out by using a typical Parkinson's disease (PD) model - 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP(+))-induced dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cellular model. Data are presented, which showed that puerarin up-regulated Akt phosphorylation in both of MPP(+)-treated and non-MPP(+)-treated cells. The presence of PI3K inhibitor LY294002 completely blocked puerarin-induced activation of Akt phosphorylation. Moreover, puerarin decreased MPP(+)-induced cell death, which was blocked by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002. We further demonstrated that puerarin protected against MPP(+)-induced p53 nuclear accumulation, Puma (p53-upregulated mediator of apoptosis) and Bax expression and caspase-3-dependent programmed cell death (PCD). This protection was blocked by applying a PI3K/Akt inhibitor. Additionally, it was Pifithrin-α, but not Pifithrin-μ, which blocked MPP(+)-induced Puma and Bax expression, caspase-3 activation and cell death. Collectively, these data suggest that the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway is involved in the protective effect of puerarin against MPP(+)-induced neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell death through inhibiting nuclear p53 accumulation and subsequently caspase-3-dependent PCD. Puerarin might be a potential therapeutic agent for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Popesku JT, Martyniuk CJ, Trudeau VL. Meta-type analysis of dopaminergic effects on gene expression in the neuroendocrine brain of female goldfish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:130. [PMID: 23130016 PMCID: PMC3487223 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a major neurotransmitter important for neuroendocrine control and recent studies have described genomic signaling pathways activated and inhibited by DA agonists and antagonists in the goldfish brain. Here we perform a meta-type analysis using microarray datasets from experiments conducted with female goldfish to characterize the gene expression responses that underlie dopaminergic signaling. Sexually mature, pre-spawning [gonadosomatic index (GSI) = 4.5 ± 1.3%] or sexually regressing (GSI = 3 ± 0.4%) female goldfish (15-40 g) injected intraperitoneally with either SKF 38393, LY 171555, SCH 23390, sulpiride, or a combination of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and α-methyl-p-tyrosine. Microarray meta-type analysis identified 268 genes in the telencephalon and hypothalamus as having reciprocal (i.e., opposite between agonism and antagonism/depletion) fold change responses, suggesting that these transcripts are likely targets for DA-mediated regulation. Noteworthy genes included ependymin, vimentin, and aromatase, genes that support the significance of DA in neuronal plasticity and tissue remodeling. Sub-network enrichment analysis (SNEA) was used to identify common gene regulators and binding proteins associated with the differentially expressed genes mediated by DA. SNEA analysis identified gene expression targets that were related to three major categories that included cell signaling (STAT3, SP1, SMAD, Jun/Fos), immune response (IL-6, IL-1β, TNFs, cytokine, NF-κB), and cell proliferation and growth (IGF1, TGFβ1). These gene networks are also known to be associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinsons' disease, well-known to be associated with loss of dopaminergic neurons. This study identifies genes and networks that underlie DA signaling in the vertebrate CNS and provides targets that may be key neuroendocrine regulators. The results provide a foundation for future work on dopaminergic regulation of gene expression in fish model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T. Popesku
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of OttawaOttawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jason T. Popesku, Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5. e-mail: ; Vance L. Trudeau, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Room 160, Gendron Hall, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5. e-mail:
| | - Christopher J. Martyniuk
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New BrunswickSaint John, NB, Canada
| | - Vance L. Trudeau
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of OttawaOttawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jason T. Popesku, Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5. e-mail: ; Vance L. Trudeau, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Room 160, Gendron Hall, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5. e-mail:
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Yanagita T, Satoh S, Uezono Y, Matsuo K, Nemoto T, Maruta T, Yoshikawa N, Iwakiri T, Minami K, Murakami M. Transcriptional up-regulation of cell surface Na V 1.7 sodium channels by insulin-like growth factor-1 via inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β in adrenal chromaffin cells: enhancement of 22Na+ influx, 45Ca2+ influx and catecholamine secretion. Neuropharmacology 2011; 61:1265-74. [PMID: 21816165 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays important roles in the regulation of neuronal development. The electrical activity of Na(+) channels is crucial for the regulation of synaptic formation and maintenance/repair of neuronal circuits. Here, we examined the effects of chronic IGF-1 treatment on cell surface expression and function of Na(+) channels. In cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells expressing Na(V)1.7 isoform of voltage-dependent Na(+) channels, chronic IGF-1 treatment increased cell surface [(3)H]saxitoxin binding by 31%, without altering the Kd value. In cells treated with IGF-1, veratridine-induced (22)Na(+) influx, and subsequent (45)Ca(2+) influx and catecholamine secretion were augmented by 35%, 33%, 31%, respectively. Pharmacological properties of Na(+) channels characterized by neurotoxins were similar between nontreated and IGF-1-treated cells. IGF-1-induced up-regulation of [(3)H]saxitoxin binding was prevented by phosphatydil inositol-3 kinase inhibitors (LY204002 or wortmannin), or Akt inhibitor (Akt inhibitor IV). Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitors (LiCl, valproic acid, SB216763 or SB415286) also increased cell surface [(3)H]saxitoxin binding by ∼ 33%, whereas simultaneous treatment of IGF-1 with GSK-3 inhibitors did not produce additive increasing effect on [(3)H]saxitoxin binding. IGF-1 (100 nM) increased Ser(437)-phosphorylated Akt and Ser(9)-phosphorylated GSK-3β, and inhibited GSK-3β activity. Treatment with IGF-1, LiCl or SB216763 increased protein level of Na(+) channel α-subunit; it was prevented by cycloheximide. Either treatment increased α-subunit mRNA level by ∼ 48% and accelerated α-subunit gene transcription by ∼ 30% without altering α-subunit mRNA stability. Thus, inhibition of GSK-3β caused by IGF-1 up-regulates cell surface expression of functional Na(+) channels via acceleration of α-subunit gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Yanagita
- Department of Pharmacology, Miyazaki Medical College, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
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Park KH, Choi NY, Koh SH, Park HH, Kim YS, Kim MJ, Lee SJ, Yu HJ, Lee KY, Lee YJ, Kim HT. L-DOPA neurotoxicity is prevented by neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin. Neurotoxicology 2011; 32:879-87. [PMID: 21683736 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The neurotoxicity of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), one of the most important drugs for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, still remains controversial, although much more data on L-DOPA neurotoxicity have been presented. Considering the well known neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin (EPO), the inhibitory effects of EPO on L-DOPA neurotoxicity need to be evaluated. Neuronally differentiated PC12 (nPC12) cells were treated with different concentrations of L-DOPA and/or EPO for 24h. Cell viability was evaluated using trypan blue, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and TUNEL staining, and cell counting. Free radicals and intracellular signaling protein levels were measured with 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and Western blotting, respectively. L-DOPA reduced nPC12 cell viability at higher concentrations, but combined treatment with EPO and L-DOPA significantly restored cell viability. Free radicals and hydroxyl radical levels increased by L-DOPA were decreased after combined treatment of L-DOPA and EPO. Levels of survival-related intracellular signaling proteins decreased in nPC12 cells treated with 200 μM L-DOPA but increased significantly in cells treated with 200μM L-DOPA and 5 μM EPO. However, cleaved caspase-3, a death-related protein, increased in nPC12 cells treated with 200 μM L-DOPA but decreased significantly in cells treated with 200 μM L-DOPA and 5 μM EPO. Pretreatment with LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, prior to combined treatment with EPO and L-DOPA almost completely blocked the protective effects of EPO. These results indicate that EPO can prevent L-DOPA neurotoxicity by activating the PI3K pathway as well as reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee Hyung Park
- Department of Neurology, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Inchon, Republic of Korea
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