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Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Qian Y, Tang L, Zhou T, Xie Y, Hu L, Ma C, Dong Q, Sun P. Ziyuglycoside II attenuated OVX mice bone loss via inflammatory responses and regulation of gut microbiota and SCFAs. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:112027. [PMID: 38603860 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Osteoporosis (OP) is a frequent clinical problem for the elderly. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has achieved beneficial results in the treatment of OP. Ziyuglycoside II (ZGS II) is a major active compound of Sanguisorba officinalis L. that has shown anti-inflammation and antioxidation properties, but little information concerning its anti-OP potential is available. Our research aims to investigate the mechanism of ZGS II in ameliorating bone loss by inflammatory responses and regulation of gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. METHODS We predicted the mode of ZGS II action on OP through network pharmacology and molecular docking, and an OVX mouse model was employed to validate its anti-OP efficacy. Then we analyzed its impact on bone microstructure, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and pain mediators in serum, inflammation in colon, intestinal barrier, gut microbiota composition and SCFAs in feces. RESULTS Network pharmacology identified 55 intersecting targets of ZGS II related to OP. Of these, we predicted IGF1 may be the core target, which was successfully docked with ZGS II and showed excellent binding ability. Our in vivo results showed that ZGS II alleviated bone loss in OVX mice, attenuated systemic inflammation, enhanced intestinal barrier, reduced the pain threshold, modulated the abundance of gut microbiota involving norank_f__Muribaculaceae and Dubosiella, and increased the content of acetic acid and propanoic acid in SCFAs. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that ZGS II attenuated bone loss in OVX mice by relieving inflammation and regulating gut microbiota and SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Yingtong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Yafei Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Tianyu Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Youhong Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Chenghong Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Qunwei Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Yunfu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunfu, Guangdong 527300, China.
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China.
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Lin PH, Su WP, Li CJ, Lin LT, Sheu JJC, Wen ZH, Cheng JT, Tsui KH. Investigating the Role of Ferroptosis-Related Genes in Ovarian Aging and the Potential for Nutritional Intervention. Nutrients 2023; 15:2461. [PMID: 37299424 PMCID: PMC10255416 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
With advancing age, women experience irreversible deterioration in the quality of their oocytes, resulting in reduced fertility. To gain a deeper understanding of the influence of ferroptosis-related genes on ovarian aging, we employed a comprehensive approach encompassing spatial transcriptomics, single-cell RNA sequencing, human ovarian pathology, and clinical biopsy. This investigation revealed the intricate interactions between ferroptosis and cellular energy metabolism in aging germ cells, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms. Our study involved 75 patients with ovarian senescence insufficiency, and we utilized multi-histological predictions of ferroptosis-related genes. Following a two-month supplementation period with DHEA, Ubiquinol CoQ10, and Cleo-20 T3, we examined the changes in hub genes. Our results showed that TFRC, NCOA4, and SLC3A2 were significantly reduced and GPX4 was increased in the supplement group, confirming our prediction based on multi-omic analysis. Our hypothesis is that supplementation would enhance the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) or electron transport chain (ETC), resulting in increased levels of the antioxidant enzyme GPX4, reduced lipid peroxide accumulation, and reduced ferroptosis. Overall, our results suggest that supplementation interventions have a notable positive impact on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in aging cells by improving metal ion and energy metabolism, thereby enhancing oocyte quality in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsuan Lin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ping Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Li-Te Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Jim Jinn-Chyuan Sheu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Tsuey Cheng
- Institute of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan;
| | - Kuan-Hao Tsui
- Institute of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
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3
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Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Osteoporosis: Molecular Mechanisms Involved and the Relationship with microRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043772. [PMID: 36835184 PMCID: PMC9963528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by the alteration of bone homeostasis due to an imbalance between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation. Estrogen deficiency causes bone loss and postmenopausal osteoporosis, the pathogenesis of which also involves oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, and the dysregulation of the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) that control gene expression at post-transcriptional levels. Oxidative stress, due to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), proinflammatory mediators and altered levels of miRNAs enhance osteoclastogenesis and reduce osteoblastogenesis through mechanisms involving the activation of MAPK and transcription factors. The present review summarizes the principal molecular mechanisms involved in the role of ROS and proinflammatory cytokines on osteoporosis. Moreover, it highlights the interplay among altered miRNA levels, oxidative stress, and an inflammatory state. In fact, ROS, by activating the transcriptional factors, can affect miRNA expression, and miRNAs can regulate ROS production and inflammatory processes. Therefore, the present review should help in identifying targets for the development of new therapeutic approaches to osteoporotic treatment and improve the quality of life of patients.
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Trujillo-Vázquez SK, Gaona-Domínguez S, Villeda-González JD, Librado-Osorio R, Luna-López A, Bonilla-González E, Valencia-Quintana PR, Gómez-Olivares JL. Oxidative stress in the ovaries of mice chronically exposed to a low lead concentration: A generational approach. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 115:40-48. [PMID: 36473649 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal that alters the oxidation-reduction balance, affecting reproductive health and transfer during pregnancy and lactation. However, the multigenerational impact of exposure to low concentrations of Pb on mammalian ovaries has not been assessed. This study evaluated general parameters, histology, redox state (RS), protein carbonylation (PC), lipid peroxidation (LP), and hormone concentrations in the ovaries of mice (CD1® ICR) of three successive generations with both unigenerational (E1) and multigenerational (E2) exposure to 0.2 ppm lead acetate through the drinking water and a control group. Body weight, food consumption, the number of born pups, and their weight after weaning were not significantly affected by Pb exposure in E1 and E2. However, the ovaries of three successive generations of the E1 group, in which only the F0 was exposed, showed alterations in the ovarian histoarchitecture, increase in follicular atresia, decrease in the number of available follicles, and a significant RS and PC elevation that were surprisingly similar to those observed in the E2 group. LP increased in the second generation of E1 and E2, while hormone concentration was not altered. This is the first demonstration that exposure to low concentration of Pb induces multigenerational histological alterations and oxidative stress in mouse ovaries, that the termination of this exposure does not ensure the safety of later generations and that the lack of modifications in general parameters may facilitate the silent development of pathologies that affect ovarian health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Trujillo-Vázquez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México.
| | - S Gaona-Domínguez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) Campus sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J D Villeda-González
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R Librado-Osorio
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Luna-López
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E Bonilla-González
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - P R Valencia-Quintana
- Laboratorio "Rafael Villalobos Petrini" de Toxicología Genómica y Química Ambiental, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - J L Gómez-Olivares
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
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Damani JJ, De Souza MJ, VanEvery HL, Strock NCA, Rogers CJ. The Role of Prunes in Modulating Inflammatory Pathways to Improve Bone Health in Postmenopausal Women. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1476-1492. [PMID: 34978320 PMCID: PMC9526830 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of osteoporosis among women aged 50 y and older is expected to reach 13.6 million by 2030. Alternative nonpharmaceutical agents for osteoporosis, including nutritional interventions, are becoming increasingly popular. Prunes (dried plums; Prunus domestica L.) have been studied as a potential whole-food dietary intervention to mitigate bone loss in preclinical models of osteoporosis and in osteopenic postmenopausal women. Sixteen preclinical studies using in vivo rodent models of osteopenia or osteoporosis have established that dietary supplementation with prunes confers osteoprotective effects both by preventing and reversing bone loss. Increasing evidence from 10 studies suggests that, in addition to antiresorptive effects, prunes exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Ten preclinical studies have found that prunes and/or their polyphenol extracts decrease malondialdehyde and NO secretion, increase antioxidant enzyme expression, or suppress NF-κB activation and proinflammatory cytokine production. Two clinical trials have investigated the impact of dried plum consumption (50-100 g/d for 6-12 mo) on bone health in postmenopausal women and demonstrated promising effects on bone mineral density and bone biomarkers. However, less is known about the impact of prune consumption on oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in humans and their possible role in modulating bone outcomes. In this review, the current state of knowledge on the relation between inflammation and bone health is outlined. Findings from preclinical and clinical studies that have assessed the effect of prunes on oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators, and bone outcomes are summarized, and evidence supporting a potential role of prunes in modulating inflammatory and immune pathways is highlighted. Key future directions to bridge the knowledge gap in the field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janhavi J Damani
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Integrative and Biomedical Physiology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Mary Jane De Souza
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Hannah L VanEvery
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Nicole C A Strock
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Connie J Rogers
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Huang Z, Xiao L, Xiao Y, Chen C. The Modulatory Role of Growth Hormone in Inflammation and Macrophage Activation. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6607489. [PMID: 35695371 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a body's response to remove harmful stimuli and heal tissue damage, which is involved in various physiology and pathophysiology conditions. If dysregulated, inflammation may lead to significant negative impacts. Growth hormone (GH) has been shown responsible for not only body growth but also critical in the modulation of inflammation. In this review, we summarize the current clinical and animal studies about the complex and critical role of GH in inflammation. Briefly, GH excess or deficiency may lead to pathological inflammatory status. In inflammatory diseases, GH may serve as an inflammatory modulator to control the disease progression and promote disease resolution. The detailed mechanisms and signaling pathways of GH on inflammation, with a focus on the modulation of macrophage polarization, are carefully discussed with potential direction for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiang Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, QUT, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), QUT, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Lan Xiao
- School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, QUT, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), QUT, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Yin Xiao
- School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, QUT, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), QUT, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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7
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Effects of GH on the Aging Process in Several Organs: Mechanisms of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147848. [PMID: 35887196 PMCID: PMC9318627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the possible beneficial effects of GH administration on the aging process, 24-month-old rats of both sexes and 10-month-old SAMP8 mice were used. Male rats showed increased fat content and decreased lean body mass together with enhanced vasoconstriction and reduced vasodilation of their aortic rings compared to young adult animals. Chronic GH treatment for 10 weeks increased lean body mass and reduced fat weight together with inducing an enhancement of the vasodilatory response by increasing eNOS and a reduction of the constrictory responses. Old SAMP8 male mice also showed insulin resistance together with a decrease in insulin production by the endocrine pancreas and a reduced expression of differentiation parameters. GH treatment decreased plasma levels and increased pancreatic production of insulin and restored differentiation parameters in these animals. Ovariectomy plus low calcium diet in rabbits induced osteoporosis Titanium implants inserted into these rabbit tibiae showed after one month lesser bone to implant (BIC) surface and bone mineral density (BMD). Local application of GH in the surgical opening was able to increase BIC in the osteoporotic group. The hippocampus of old rats showed a reduction in the number of neurons and also in neurogenesis compared to young ones, together with an increase of caspases and a reduction of Bcl-2. GH treatment was able to enhance significantly only the total number of neurons. In conclusion, GH treatment was able to show beneficial effects in old animals on all the different organs and metabolic functions studied.
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Rafiee B, Karbalay-doust S, Tabei SMB, Azarpira N, Alaee S, Lohrasbi P, Bahmanpour S. Effects of N-acetylcysteine and metformin treatment on the stereopathological characteristics of uterus and ovary. Eur J Transl Myol 2022; 32. [PMID: 35535444 PMCID: PMC9295164 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the stereo-pathological effect of metformin and N-acetyl cysteine is evaluated on the uterus and ovary of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) mice. 96 mature females (8-weekold, weight of 20–30 gr) BALB/c mice were classified into 6 groups including the control group (n= 16), letrozole-induced PCOS group (n=16), PCOS + metformin (n=16), PCOS+NAC (n=16) and a separate control group for NAC (n=16). Another PCOS group was maintained for a month to make sure that features remain till the end of the study. Testosterone level, vaginal cytology and stereological evaluations were assessed. Vaginal cytology in letrozole-receiving mice showed a diestrus phase continuity. Testosterone level, body weight, uterine weight, endometrial volume, myometrial volume, gland volume, stromal volume, epithelial volume, vessel volume, daughter and conglomerate glands, endometrial thickness, and myometrial thickness exhibited an increasing trend in the uterus of PCOS mice. While normal gland and vessel length decreased in the PCOS group. Ovarian volume, corticomedullary volume, primary follicles, secondary follicles, and ovarian cysts were increased in PCOS ovaries. While corpus luteum, primordial, graafian, and atretic follicles showed a decline in the PCOS group. NAC and metformin, however, managed to restore the condition to normal. Given the prevalence of PCOS and its impact on fertility, the use of noninvasive methods is of crucial significance. NAC can control and treat pathological parameters and help as a harmless drug in the treatment of women with PCOS.
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Della Torre S. Beyond the X Factor: Relevance of Sex Hormones in NAFLD Pathophysiology. Cells 2021; 10:2502. [PMID: 34572151 PMCID: PMC8470830 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health issue worldwide, being frequently associated with obesity, unbalanced dietary regimens, and reduced physical activity. Despite their greater adiposity and reduced physical activity, women show a lower risk of developing NAFLD in comparison to men, likely a consequence of a sex-specific regulation of liver metabolism. In the liver, sex differences in the uptake, synthesis, oxidation, deposition, and mobilization of lipids, as well as in the regulation of inflammation, are associated with differences in NAFLD prevalence and progression between men and women. Given the major role of sex hormones in driving hepatic sexual dimorphism, this review will focus on the role of sex hormones and their signaling in the regulation of hepatic metabolism and in the molecular mechanisms triggering NAFLD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Della Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
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10
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Zhang H, Morgan TE, Forman HJ. Age-related alteration in HNE elimination enzymes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 699:108749. [PMID: 33417945 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
4-hydroxynonenal (HNE, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal) is a primary α,β-unsaturated aldehyde product of lipid peroxidation. The accumulation of HNE increases with aging and the mechanisms are mainly attributable to increased oxidative stress and decreased capacity of HNE elimination. In this review article, we summarize the studies on age-related change of HNE concentration and alteration of HNE metabolizing enzymes (GCL, GST, ALDHs, aldose reductase, and 20S-proteasome), and discuss potential mechanism of age-related decrease in HNE-elimination capacity by focusing on Nrf2 redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiao Zhang
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Todd E Morgan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States.
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11
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Della Torre S. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease as a Canonical Example of Metabolic Inflammatory-Based Liver Disease Showing a Sex-Specific Prevalence: Relevance of Estrogen Signaling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:572490. [PMID: 33071979 PMCID: PMC7531579 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.572490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is extensive evidence supporting the interplay between metabolism and immune response, that have evolved in close relationship, sharing regulatory molecules and signaling systems, to support biological functions. Nowadays, the disruption of this interaction in the context of obesity and overnutrition underlies the increasing incidence of many inflammatory-based metabolic diseases, even in a sex-specific fashion. During evolution, the interplay between metabolism and reproduction has reached a degree of complexity particularly high in female mammals, likely to ensure reproduction only under favorable conditions. Several factors may account for differences in the incidence and progression of inflammatory-based metabolic diseases between females and males, thus contributing to age-related disease development and difference in life expectancy between the two sexes. Among these factors, estrogens, acting mainly through Estrogen Receptors (ERs), have been reported to regulate several metabolic pathways and inflammatory processes particularly in the liver, the metabolic organ showing the highest degree of sexual dimorphism. This review aims to investigate on the interaction between metabolism and inflammation in the liver, focusing on the relevance of estrogen signaling in counteracting the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a canonical example of metabolic inflammatory-based liver disease showing a sex-specific prevalence. Understanding the role of estrogens/ERs in the regulation of hepatic metabolism and inflammation may provide the basis for the development of sex-specific therapeutic strategies for the management of such an inflammatory-based metabolic disease and its cardio-metabolic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Della Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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12
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Amelioration of age-related alterations in rat liver: Effects of curcumin C3 complex, Astragalus membranaceus and blueberry. Exp Gerontol 2020; 137:110982. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Rancan L, Puig A, Balibrea JM, Paredes SD, García C, Jiménez L, Fernández-Tresguerres JA, Vara E. Protective effects of 17-β-oestradiol and phytoestrogen on age-induced oxidative stress and inhibition of surfactant synthesis in rat type II pneumocytes. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 72:26-36. [PMID: 32314935 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1757044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest protective effects of oestrogen and phytoestrogen on lung tissue. This study aimed to elucidate the role of 17-β-oestradiol and phytoestrogen in age-related inhibition of surfactant synthesis and oxidative stress in rat type II pneumocytes. Forty male and 66 female Wistar rats were used. Female rats were randomly kept intact or ovariectomized at age 12 months. At age 22 months, ovariectomized rats received 17-β-oestradiol, soy extract, or no treatment. Oxidative stress markers CO, NO, cGMP and lipid peroxide (LPO), antioxidant enzymes and phosphatidylcholine (PC) were measured in cultured type II pneumocytes isolated at ages 2, 14, 18, 22 and 24 months. Old, male and ovariectomized rats showed significantly higher CO, NO, cGMP and LPO and lower PC content and antioxidant enzymes. 17-β-oestradiol and phytoestrogen significantly reversed these effects. In conclusion, aging and oestrogen deprivation decreased PC synthesis and altered the redox status in type II pneumocytes, which were partially restored by 17-β-oestradiol or soy supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rancan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Puig
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Balibrea
- Department of General Surgery, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio D Paredes
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cruz García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Jiménez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Elena Vara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Mohamad NV, Ima-Nirwana S, Chin KY. Are Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Mediators of Bone Loss Due to Estrogen Deficiency? A Review of Current Evidence. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:1478-1487. [PMID: 32496996 PMCID: PMC8383467 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200604160614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is one of the major health issues associated with menopause-related estrogen deficiency. Various reports suggest that the hormonal changes related to menopausal transition may lead to the derangement of redox homeostasis and ultimately oxidative stress. Estrogen deficiency and oxidative stress may enhance the expression of genes involved in inflammation. All these factors may contribute, in synergy, to the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Previous studies suggest that estrogen may act as an antioxidant to protect the bone against oxidative stress, and as an antiinflammatory agent in suppressing pro-inflammatory and pro-osteoclastic cytokines. Thus, the focus of the current review is to examine the relationship between estrogen deficiency, oxidative stress and inflammation, and the impacts of these phenomena on skeletal health in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur-Vaizura Mohamad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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15
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Zhang H, Lyn N, Haghani A, Forman HJ. Detection of HNE Modification of Proteins in Aging Mouse Tissues: A Western Blot-Based Approach. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2144:237-244. [PMID: 32410040 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0592-9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
4-Hydroxenonenal (HNE) is one of the major α,β-unsaturated aldehyde products of lipid peroxidation. HNE can form conjugates with macromolecules, including protein, and thereby alter their function. HNE and its conjugation with proteins are increased in aging and age-related diseases. To elucidate how HNE is involved in these aging-related pathophysiological changes, it is necessary to assess HNE modification of proteins. Here a simple and convenient Western-blot based method is presented to detect HNE modification of proteins in tissues of aging mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiao Zhang
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Natalie Lyn
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amin Haghani
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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16
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Beneficial and Deleterious Effects of Female Sex Hormones, Oral Contraceptives, and Phytoestrogens by Immunomodulation on the Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194694. [PMID: 31546715 PMCID: PMC6801544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is considered the laboratory of the human body because of its many metabolic processes. It accomplishes diverse activities as a mixed gland and is in continuous cross-talk with the endocrine system. Not only do hormones from the gastrointestinal tract that participate in digestion regulate the liver functions, but the sex hormones also exert a strong influence on this sexually dimorphic organ, via their receptors expressed in liver, in both health and disease. Besides, the liver modifies the actions of sex hormones through their metabolism and transport proteins. Given the anatomical position and physiological importance of liver, this organ is evidenced as an immune vigilante that mediates the systemic immune response, and, in turn, the immune system regulates the hepatic functions. Such feedback is performed by cytokines. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines are strongly involved in hepatic homeostasis and in pathological states; indeed, female sex hormones, oral contraceptives, and phytoestrogens have immunomodulatory effects in the liver and the whole organism. To analyze the complex and interesting beneficial or deleterious effects of these drugs by their immunomodulatory actions in the liver can provide the basis for either their pharmacological use in therapeutic treatments or to avoid their intake in some diseases.
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17
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Age and Sex Influence the Hippocampal Response and Recovery Following Sepsis. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8557-8572. [PMID: 31278440 PMCID: PMC6834928 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although in-hospital mortality rates for sepsis have decreased, survivors often experience lasting physical and cognitive deficits. Moreover, older adults are more vulnerable to long-term complications associated with sepsis. We employed a murine model to examine the influence of age and sex on the brain’s response and recovery following sepsis. Young (~ 4 months) and old (~ 20 months) mice (C57BL/6) of both sexes underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) with restraint stress. The hippocampal transcriptome was examined in age- and sex-matched controls at 1 and 4 days post-CLP. In general, immune- and stress-related genes increased, while neuronal, synaptic, and glial genes decreased 1 day after CLP-induced sepsis. However, specific age and sex differences were observed for the initial responsiveness to sepsis as well as the rate of recovery examined on day 4. Young females exhibited a muted transcriptional response relative to young males and old females. Old females exhibited a robust shift in gene transcription on day 1, and while most genes recovered, genes linked to neurogenesis and myelination continued to be downregulated by day 4. In contrast, old males exhibited a more delayed or prolonged response to sepsis, such that neuronal and synaptic genes continued to decrease while immune response genes continued to increase on day 4. These results suggest that aging is associated with delayed recovery from sepsis, which is particularly evident in males.
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18
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Oophorectomy and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and primary liver cancer in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Eur J Epidemiol 2019; 34:871-878. [PMID: 31165323 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-019-00526-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver cancer are 2-3 times higher in males than females. Hormonal mechanisms are hypothesized, with studies suggesting that oophorectomy may increase risk, but population-based evidence is limited. Thus, we conducted a study within the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, with controls matched to cases of NAFLD (n = 10,082 cases/40,344 controls) and liver cancer (n = 767 cases/3068 controls). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Effect measure modification by menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) was examined, using likelihood ratio tests and relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). Oophorectomy was associated with a 29% elevated NAFLD risk (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.18-1.43), which was more pronounced in women without diabetes (OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.27-1.57) and in women who had oophorectomy prior to age 50 (OR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.22-1.52). Compared to women without oophorectomy or MHT use, oophorectomy and MHT were each associated with over 50% elevated risk of NAFLD. However, the combination of oophorectomy and MHT showed evidence of a negative interaction on the multiplicative (p = 0.003) and additive scales (RERI = - 0.28, 95% CI - 0.60 to 0.03, p = 0.08). Oophorectomy, overall, was not associated with elevated liver cancer risk (OR = 1.16, 95% CI 0.79-1.69). These findings suggest that oophorectomy may increase the risk of NAFLD, but not liver cancer.
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19
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Henstridge DC, Abildgaard J, Lindegaard B, Febbraio MA. Metabolic control and sex: A focus on inflammatory-linked mediators. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4193-4207. [PMID: 30820935 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Men and women have many differing biological and physiological characteristics. Thus, it is no surprise that the control of metabolic processes and the mechanisms underlying metabolic-related diseases have sex-specific components. There is a clear metabolic sexual dimorphism in that up until midlife, men have a far greater likelihood of acquiring cardio-metabolic disease than women. Following menopause, however, this difference is reduced, suggestive of a protective role of the female sex hormones. Inflammatory processes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardio-metabolic disease with human studies correlating metabolic disease acquisition or risk with levels of various inflammatory markers. Rodent studies employing genetic modifications or novel pharmacological approaches have provided mechanistic insight into the role of these inflammatory mediators. Sex differences impact inflammatory processes and the subsequent biological response. As a consequence, this may affect how inflammation alters metabolic processes between the sexes. Recently, some of our work in the field of inflammatory genes and metabolic control identified a sexual dimorphism in a preclinical model and caused us to question the frequency and scale of such findings in the literature. This review concentrates on inflammatory-related signalling in relation to obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes and highlights the differences observed between males and females. Differences in the activation and signalling of various inflammatory genes and proteins present another reason why studying both male and female patients or animals is important in the context of understanding and finding therapeutics for metabolic-related disease. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Importance of Sex Differences in Pharmacology Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.21/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren C Henstridge
- Molecular Metabolism & Aging Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Julie Abildgaard
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Lindegaard
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Division of Diabetes & Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Drug Discover Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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20
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Exenatide preserves trabecular bone microarchitecture in experimental ovariectomized rat model. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2018; 297:1587-1593. [PMID: 29696350 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-018-4776-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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21
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Gong Z, Tas E, Yakar S, Muzumdar R. Hepatic lipid metabolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in aging. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 455:115-130. [PMID: 28017785 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Various factors that contribute to the dysregulation include both modifiable (e.g. obesity, insulin resistance) and non-modifiable risk factors (age-associated physiologic changes). Although there is no linear relationship between aging and prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, current data strongly suggests that advanced age leads to more severe histological changes and poorer clinical outcomes. Hepatic lipid accumulation could lead to significant hepatic and systemic consequences including steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, impairment of systemic glucose metabolism and metabolic syndrome, thereby contributing to age-related diseases. Insulin, leptin and adiponectin are key regulators of the various physiologic processes that regulate hepatic lipid metabolism. Recent advances have expanded our understanding in this field, highlighting the role of novel mediators such as FGF 21, and mitochondria derived peptides. In this review, we will summarize the mediators of hepatic lipid metabolism and how they are altered in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, One Children's Hospital Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, One Children's Hospital Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Emir Tas
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, One Children's Hospital Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Radhika Muzumdar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, One Children's Hospital Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, One Children's Hospital Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3500 Terrace Street, 5362 Biomedical Sciences Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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22
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Schüller ÁK, Mena Canata DA, Hackenhaar FS, Engers VK, Heemann FM, Putti JS, Salomon TB, Benfato MS. Effects of lipoic acid and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid on the liver ovariectomized rat model of menopause. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 70:263-269. [PMID: 29475009 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bilateral ovariectomy is an experimental model used to analyse the effects of menopause and develop strategies to mitigate the deleterious effects of this condition. Supplementation of the diet with antioxidants has been used to reduce potential oxidative stress caused by menopause. The purpose of the study was to analyse the effects of α-lipoic acid (LA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), dietary supplementation on oxidative stress in the livers of ovariectomized rats. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation with LA, DHA and EPA for a period of 16 weeks on oestrogen levels and oxidative stress biomarkers in the livers of ovariectomized 25 three-month-old rats. RESULTS Serum oestrogen levels were lower after ovariectomy but were not altered by dietary treatments. LA was capable of acting in the liver, recovering the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and reducing protein oxidative damage. Moreover, LA supplementation reduced nitrite and nitrate levels. DHA and EPA recovered the antioxidant activity of cytosolic and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, decreasing protein oxidation. Protection against lipid oxidation differed between treatments. The DHA-treated group showed increased levels of the lipid peroxidation biomarker malondialdehyde compared to the ovariectomized group. However, malondialdehyde levels were not altered by EPA treatment. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the antioxidant response varies among evaluated supplementations and all supplements were able to alter enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the livers of ovariectomized rats. DHA presented the most evident antioxidant effect, decreasing protein and lipid damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ártur Krumberg Schüller
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Programme in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diego Antonio Mena Canata
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Programme in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Schäfer Hackenhaar
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Programme in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Krüger Engers
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Programme in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Maciel Heemann
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Programme in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jordana Salete Putti
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Programme in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tiago Boeira Salomon
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Programme in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mara Silveira Benfato
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Programme in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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23
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Zhou L, Zhang H, Davies KJA, Forman HJ. Aging-related decline in the induction of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant genes in human bronchial epithelial cells. Redox Biol 2017; 14:35-40. [PMID: 28863281 PMCID: PMC5576992 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from animal studies suggests that stress-induced increases in Nrf2-regulated antioxidant gene expression, a critical mechanism of cellular protection, declines with aging. This study examined whether this also occurs in humans. We measured the basal and inducible levels of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant genes in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells from subjects of young adult (21–29 years) and older (60–69 years) non-smokers, and explored factors affecting expresion. The basal expression of three representative Nrf2-regulated genes, the catalytic and modulator subunits of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC and GCLM, respectively), and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), was higher in cells from the older donors compared with cells from the young adult donors. Upon exposure to the Nrf2 activator, sulforaphane (SF), the expression of these antioxidant genes was increased in cells from both the young adults and the older donors; however, the induction by SF in older donor cells was significantly less than that seen in young adult cells. In addition, the activation of an EpRE-driven reporter by SF was lower in cells from older donors compared to cells from young adults. The basal expression of Nrf2 protein was also lower in cells from older donors than cells from young adults. Furthermore, we found that the basal expression of both Bach1 and c-Myc, two Nrf2 suppressors, was higher in cells from older adults than from young adult donors. In summary, our data suggest that, as in other species, basal expression of Nrf2-regulated genes increases with aging, while inducibility declines with aging. The increased expression of Nrf2 suppressors such as Bach1 and c-Myc may contribute to the impaired inducibility of the Nrf2-regulated antioxidant genes with aging in human bronchial epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhou
- Andrus Gerontology Center of the Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave GER306A, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Hongqiao Zhang
- Andrus Gerontology Center of the Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave GER306A, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Andrus Gerontology Center of the Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave GER306A, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA; Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Andrus Gerontology Center of the Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave GER306A, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA.
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24
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Rancan L, Simón C, Marchal-Duval E, Casanova J, Paredes SD, Calvo A, García C, Rincón D, Turrero A, Garutti I, Vara E. Lidocaine Administration Controls MicroRNAs Alterations Observed After Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Anesth Analg 2017; 123:1437-1447. [PMID: 27870736 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is associated with morbidity and mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as regulators of IRI, and they are involved in the pathogenesis of organ rejection. Lidocaine has proven anti-inflammatory activity in several tissues but its modulation of miRNAs has not been investigated. This work aims to investigate the involvement of miRNAs in lung IRI in a lung auto-transplantation model and to investigate the effect of lidocaine. METHODS Three groups (sham, control, and Lidocaine), each comprising 6 pigs, underwent a lung autotransplantation. All groups received the same anesthesia. In addition, animals of lidocaine group received a continuous intravenous administration of lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg/h) during surgery. Lung biopsies were taken before pulmonary artery clamp, before reperfusion, 30 minutes postreperfusion (Rp-30), and 60 minutes postreperfusion (Rp-60). Samples were analyzed for different miRNAs (miR-122, miR-145, miR-146a, miR-182, miR-107, miR-192, miR-16, miR-21, miR-126, miR-127, miR142-5p, miR152, miR155, miR-223, and let7) via the use of reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results were normalized with miR-103. RESULTS The expression of miR-127 and miR-16 did not increase after IRI. Let-7d, miR-21, miR-107, miR-126, miR-145, miR-146a, miR-182, and miR-192 significantly increased at the Rp-60 (control versus sham P < .001). miR-142-5p, miR-152, miR-155, and miR 223 significantly increased at the Rp-30 (control versus sham P < .001) and at the Rp-60 (control versus. sham P < .001). The administration of lidocaine was able to attenuate these alterations in a significant way (control versus Lidocaine P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Lung IRI caused dysregulation miRNA. The administration of lidocaine reduced significantly miRNAs alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rancan
- From the *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; Departments of †Thoracic Surgery and ‡Anesthesiology, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; and Departments of §Physiology and ‖Biostatistics and Operational Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
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25
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Mitazaki S, Hashimoto M, Matsuhashi Y, Honma S, Suto M, Kato N, Hiraiwa K, Yoshida M, Abe S. Apocynin reduced doxycycline-induced acute liver injury in ovariectomized mice. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:357-363. [PMID: 28959557 PMCID: PMC5615834 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovariectomy accelerates doxycycline-induced acute liver injury. The expression levels of IL-6, IL-10, c-fos, cox-2 and HO-1 genes were strongly upregulated in ovx mice. Apocynin, totally improved DOXY-induced liver injury in both sham and ovx mice. NADPH oxidase is responsible for the development of drug-induced acute liver injury
To determine the physiological role of estrogen in the development of liver injury, we examined the sensitivities of sham and ovariectomy (ovx) mice against doxycycline (DOXY)-induced acute liver injury. Ovx or sham operation was performed in C57BL/6J wild-type female mice of eight weeks of age. Sham mice and ovx mice were treated with DOXY (240 mg/kg ip) 8 weeks after the operation, 30 min after apocynin (5 mg/kg) or saline administration. Blood and liver samples were obtained at 3 and 6 h after DOXY administration. Liver dysfunction occurred soon after DOXY administration and became more severe in ovx mice than in sham mice. At early phase after DOXY injection, TNF-α and iNOS inductions upregulated almost the same levels in sham and ovx mice. On the other hand, expression levels of IL-6, IL-10, c-fos, cox-2 and HO-1, downstream genes of TNF-α, were significantly increased in ovx mice compared to those in sham mice, correlated with liver dysfunction. In addition, apocynin, a NADPH oxidase (Nox) inhibitor, totally improved DOXY-induced liver injury in both sham and ovx mice, indicating that reactive oxygen species generated through Nox activation by DOXY are responsible for development of acute liver injury.
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Key Words
- ALF, acute liver failure
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- ARF, acute renal failure
- Apocynin
- DOXY, doxycycline
- Doxycycline-induced liver injury
- HO-1, heme oxygenase-1
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- NADPH oxidase
- Nox, NADPH oxidase
- Ovariectmized
- Ovx, ovariectomy
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- STAT3, signal transducers and activators of transcription-3
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- cox-2, cyclooxygenase-2
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Mitazaki
- Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki 370-0033, Japan
| | - Midori Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki 370-0033, Japan
| | - Yui Matsuhashi
- Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki 370-0033, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Honma
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki 370-0033, Japan
| | - Miwako Suto
- Department of Legal Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Naho Kato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kouichi Hiraiwa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshida
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki 370-0033, Japan
| | - Sumiko Abe
- Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki 370-0033, Japan
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26
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Petta S, Valenti L, Bugianesi E, Targher G, Bellentani S, Bonino F, Lonardo A, Marra F, Mancini M, Miele L, Nobili V, Baroni GS, Alessandro F, Ballestri S, Rossana Brunetto M, Coco B, Grieco A, Fargion S, Kondili L, Nascimbeni F, Prinster A, Romagnoli D, Taddei S, Vanni E, Vella S. A "systems medicine" approach to the study of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Dig Liver Dis 2016; 48:333-42. [PMID: 26698409 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of fatty liver (steatosis) in the general population is rapidly increasing worldwide. The progress of knowledge in the physiopathology of fatty liver is based on the systems biology approach to studying the complex interactions among different physiological systems. Similarly, translational and clinical research should address the complex interplay between these systems impacting on fatty liver. The clinical needs drive the applications of systems medicine to re-define clinical phenotypes, assessing the multiple nature of disease susceptibility and progression (e.g. the definition of risk, prognosis, diagnosis criteria, and new endpoints of clinical trials). Based on this premise and in light of recent findings, the complex mechanisms involved in the pathology of fatty liver and their impact on the short- and long-term clinical outcomes of cardiovascular, metabolic liver diseases associated with steatosis are presented in this review using a new "systems medicine" approach. A new data set is proposed for studying the impairments of different physiological systems that have an impact on fatty liver in different subsets of subjects and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Petta
- Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.S Policlinico Paolo Giaccone Hospital, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Valenti
- Internal Medicine, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino Hospital, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Bellentani
- Shrewsbury and Telford NHS Trust, Department of Gastroenterology, Shrewsbury, UK; Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Bassovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Bonino
- General Medicine 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Italy.
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Nuñez-Calonge R, Cortés S, Gutierrez Gonzalez LM, Kireev R, Vara E, Ortega L, Caballero P, Rancan L, Tresguerres J. Oxidative stress in follicular fluid of young women with low response compared with fertile oocyte donors. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 32:446-56. [PMID: 26805046 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes and cytokines in the follicular fluid of young women with low response in ovarian stimulation cycles compared with high responders and fertile oocyte donors of the same age, to assess the impact of oxidative stress on ovarian reserve. The activity of follicular fluid antioxidant enzymes glutathione transferase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase was significantly lower in young women with reduced ovarian reserve compared with that in high responders and oocyte donors. Follicular fluid concentrations of oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde combined with 4-hydroxyalkenals and nitric oxide were higher in low responders than in high responders and oocyte donors. Significant differences between low responders and donors in concentrations of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor were observed, with higher concentrations in low responders. However, IL-10 concentration was lower in low responders than in high responders and donors. No significant differences were found in follicular fluid concentrations of tumour necrosis factor alpha between the three groups. These results demonstrate that different concentrations of oxidative stress markers, oxidant enzymes and cytokines in low responders compared with high responders and oocyte donors may negatively impact ovarian response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roman Kireev
- Department Physiology, Medical School, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Vigo, SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Elena Vara
- Department of Biochemistry and Mollecular Biology Medical School, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Lisa Rancan
- Department Physiology, Medical School, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Tresguerres
- Department Physiology, Medical School, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Puig Á, Rancan L, Paredes SD, Carrasco A, Escames G, Vara E, Tresguerres JAF. Melatonin decreases the expression of inflammation and apoptosis markers in the lung of a senescence-accelerated mice model. Exp Gerontol 2015; 75:1-7. [PMID: 26656745 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with an increase in oxidative stress and inflammation. The aging lung is particularly affected since it is continuously exposed to environmental oxidants while antioxidant machinery weakens with age. Melatonin, a free radical scavenger, counteracts inflammation and apoptosis in healthy cells from several tissues. Its effects on the aging lung are, however, not yet fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic administration of melatonin on the expression of inflammation markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, NFκB2, HO-1) and apoptosis parameters (BAD, BAX, AIF) in the lung tissue of male senescence-accelerated prone mice (SAMP8). In addition, RNA oxidative damage, as the formation of 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG), was also evaluated. Young and old animals, aged 2 and 10 months respectively, were divided into 4 groups: untreated young, untreated old, old mice treated with 1mg/kg/day melatonin, and old animals treated with 10mg/kg/day melatonin. Untreated young and old male senescence accelerated resistant mice (SAMR1) were used as controls. After 30 days of treatment, animals were sacrificed. Lungs were collected and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. mRNA and protein expressions were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Levels of 8-OHG were quantified by ELISA. Mean values were analyzed using ANOVA. Old nontreated SAMP8 animals showed increased (p<0.05) mRNA and protein levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, NFκB2, and HO-1 compared to young mice and SAMR1 mice. Melatonin treatment with either dose reversed the aging-derived inflammation (p<0.05). BAD, BAX and AIF expressions also rose with aging, the effect being counteracted with melatonin (p<0.05). Aging also caused a significant elevation (p<0.05) in SAMP8 8-OHG values. This increase was not observed in animals treated with melatonin (p<0.05). In conclusion, melatonin treatment was able to modulate the inflammatory and apoptosis status of the aging lungs, exerting a protective effect on age-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Puig
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lisa Rancan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sergio D Paredes
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adrián Carrasco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Germaine Escames
- University of Granada, Institute of Biotechnology, Center of Biomedical Investigation, Edificio Fray Luis de Granada C/ Ramón y Cajal, 4, 18003 Granada, Spain.
| | - Elena Vara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús A F Tresguerres
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Curcumin Supplementation Decreases Intestinal Adiposity Accumulation, Serum Cholesterol Alterations, and Oxidative Stress in Ovariectomized Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:5719291. [PMID: 26640615 PMCID: PMC4658407 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5719291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of curcumin oral supplementation (50 and 100 mg/Kg/day, for 30 days) in circumventing menopause-associated oxidative stress and lipid profile dysfunctions in a rat ovariectomy (OVX) model. Female Wistar rats were operated and randomly divided into either sham-operated or OVX groups. Sham-operated group (n = 8) and one OVX group (n = 11) were treated with vehicle (refined olive oil), and the other two OVX groups received curcumin at 50 or 100 mg/Kg/day doses (n = 8/group). OVX vehicle-treated animals presented a higher deposition of intestinal adipose tissue as well as increased serum levels of IL-6, LDL, and total cholesterol when compared to sham-operated rats. In addition, several oxidative stress markers in serum, blood, and liver (such as TBARS, carbonyl, reduced-sulphydryl, and nonenzymatic antioxidant defenses) were altered toward a prooxidant status by OVX. Interestingly, curcumin supplementation attenuated most of these parameters to sham comparable values. Thus, the herein presented results show that curcumin may be useful to ameliorate lipid metabolism alterations and oxidative damage associated with hormone deprivation in menopause.
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Zhang H, Davies KJA, Forman HJ. Oxidative stress response and Nrf2 signaling in aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:314-336. [PMID: 26066302 PMCID: PMC4628850 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 592] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing oxidative stress, a major characteristic of aging, has been implicated in a variety of age-related pathologies. In aging, oxidant production from several sources is increased, whereas antioxidant enzymes, the primary lines of defense, are decreased. Repair systems, including the proteasomal degradation of damaged proteins, also decline. Importantly, the adaptive response to oxidative stress declines with aging. Nrf2/EpRE signaling regulates the basal and inducible expression of many antioxidant enzymes and the proteasome. Nrf2/EpRE activity is regulated at several levels, including transcription, posttranslation, and interactions with other proteins. This review summarizes current studies on age-related impairment of Nrf2/EpRE function and discusses the changes in Nrf2 regulatory mechanisms with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiao Zhang
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; School of Natural Science, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95344, USA.
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Turola E, Petta S, Vanni E, Milosa F, Valenti L, Critelli R, Miele L, Maccio L, Calvaruso V, Fracanzani AL, Bianchini M, Raos N, Bugianesi E, Mercorella S, Di Giovanni M, Craxì A, Fargion S, Grieco A, Cammà C, Cotelli F, Villa E. Ovarian senescence increases liver fibrosis in humans and zebrafish with steatosis. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:1037-46. [PMID: 26183212 PMCID: PMC4582103 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.019950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrasting data exist on the effect of gender and menopause on the susceptibility, development and liver damage progression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our aim was to assess whether menopause is associated with the severity of liver fibrosis in individuals with NAFLD and to explore the issue of ovarian senescence in experimental liver steatosis in zebrafish. In 244 females and age-matched males with biopsy-proven NAFLD, we assessed anthropometric, biochemical and metabolic features, including menopausal status (self-reported); liver biopsy was scored according to 'The Pathology Committee of the NASH Clinical Research Network'. Young and old male and female zebrafish were fed for 24 weeks with a high-calorie diet. Weekly body mass index (BMI), histopathological examination and quantitative real-time PCR analysis on genes involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation and fibrosis were performed. In the entire cohort, at multivariate logistic regression, male gender [odds ratio (OR): 1.408, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.779-2.542, P=0.25] vs women at reproductive age was not associated with F2-F4 fibrosis, whereas a trend was observed for menopause (OR: 1.752, 95% CI: 0.956-3.208, P=0.06). In women, menopause (OR: 2.717, 95% CI: 1.020-7.237, P=0.04) was independently associated with F2-F4 fibrosis. Similarly, in overfed zebrafish, old female fish with failing ovarian function [as demonstrated by extremely low circulating estradiol levels (1.4±0.1 pg/µl) and prevailing presence of atretic follicles in the ovaries] developed massive steatosis and substantial fibrosis (comparable with that occurring in males), whereas young female fish developed less steatosis and were totally protected from the development of fibrosis. Ovarian senescence significantly increases the risk of fibrosis severity both in humans with NAFLD and in zebrafish with experimental steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Turola
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Division of Gastroenterology, DiBiMIS, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ester Vanni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Fabiola Milosa
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Section Internal Medicine, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Rosina Critelli
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Miele
- Institute of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Maccio
- Department of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Vincenza Calvaruso
- Division of Gastroenterology, DiBiMIS, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna L Fracanzani
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Section Internal Medicine, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Marcello Bianchini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Nazarena Raos
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Serena Mercorella
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Marisa Di Giovanni
- Department of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Craxì
- Division of Gastroenterology, DiBiMIS, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Fargion
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Section Internal Medicine, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Grieco
- Institute of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Calogero Cammà
- Division of Gastroenterology, DiBiMIS, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Franco Cotelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Erica Villa
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
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Female Sex Hormones Pattern and Its Relation to Disease Severity and Treatment in Pre- and Postmenopausal Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (Genotype 4) Infection. Int J Chronic Dis 2015; 2015:927974. [PMID: 26464874 PMCID: PMC4590939 DOI: 10.1155/2015/927974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) course revealed differences between men and women. Male gender and postmenopausal women are thought to be of the critical factors affecting HCV infection progression. The study aimed to assess female sex hormones and their relation to disease severity and treatment in HCV infected females. Subjects were divided to 2 groups: 44 CHC female patients and 44 controls. Both groups were classified to premenopausal and postmenopausal females. Serum estradiol (E2), progesterone (PRG), and total testosterone (TT) were assessed using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Our results showed that menopausal patients had significantly higher levels of estradiol, total testosterone, and progesterone compared to controls (P < 0.001). Reproductive aged patients had lower level of total testosterone compared to menopausal patients (P < 0.001). HCV infected females of reproductive age had higher level of progesterone compared to menopausal HCV infected females (P = 0.0014). Indicators of disease severity and treatment response were significantly worse in menopausal women compared to reproductive aged women (fibrosis: P < 0.001, activity: P = 0.045, and treatment: P < 0.001). We observed that lower estradiol level may be related to fibrosis severity in CHC females. Higher total testosterone and progesterone levels may be related to fibrosis severity and poor response to treatment in CHC menopausal females only.
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Endogenous Estrogen-Mediated Heme Oxygenase Regulation in Experimental Menopause. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:429713. [PMID: 26064421 PMCID: PMC4438186 DOI: 10.1155/2015/429713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency is one of the main causes of age-associated diseases in the cardiovascular system. Female Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: pharmacologically ovariectomized, surgically ovariectomized, and 24-month-old intact aging animals were compared with a control group. The activity and expression of heme oxygenases (HO) in the cardiac left ventricle, the concentrations of cardiac interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the cardiac left ventricle, and the effects of heme oxygenase blockade (by 24-hour and 1-hour pretreatment with tin-protoporphyrin IX, SnPP) on the epinephrine and phentolamine-induced electrocardiogram ST segment changes in vivo were investigated. The cardiac HO activity and the expression of HO-1 and HO-2 were significantly decreased in the aged rats and after ovariectomy. Estrogen depletion was accompanied by significant increases in the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α. The aged and ovariectomized animals exhibited a significantly elevated MPO activity and a significant ST segment depression. After pretreatment with SnPP augmented ST segment changes were determined. These findings demonstrate that the sensitivity to cardiac ischemia in estrogen depletion models is associated with suppression of the activity and expression of the HO system and increases in the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and biomarkers.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplants cause ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury that can affect distant organs. Liver is particularly sensitive to IR injury. The present randomized experimental study was designed to investigate a possible protective effect of sevoflurane against liver inflammatory response to lung IR in a lung upper lobe left autotransplant model. METHODS Two groups (sevoflurane and control) of eight swines each were submitted to upper lobe left lung autotransplant. Hypnotic maintenance was performed with sevoflurane 3% or propofol 8 to 10 mg/kg per hr until pneumonectomy was done; then propofol was used for all animals. Blood and liver samples were taken in four different moments: prepneumonectomy, prereperfusion, 10 min postreperfusion and 30 min postreperfusion to measure levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, C-reactive protein, ferritin and caspase 3. Non-parametric test was used to find statistical meaning. RESULTS Lung IR markedly increased the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, NF-κB and caspase activity in control livers compared with basal levels, whereas liver IL-10 expression decreased 10 and 30 min post-reperfusion. Sevoflurane significantly decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, NF-κB liver expression and caspase 3 activity. Sevoflurane also reverted the lung IR-induced decrease in IL-10 expression. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that lung IR caused hepatic injury. Sevoflurane attenuated liver injury in a model of upper lobe left lung autotransplant in pigs.
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Immunomodulatory effects by oral contraceptives in normal and cholestatic female rats: Role of cytokines. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 21:10-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Nazıroğlu M, Güler M, Özgül C, Saydam G, Küçükayaz M, Sözbir E. Apple cider vinegar modulates serum lipid profile, erythrocyte, kidney, and liver membrane oxidative stress in ovariectomized mice fed high cholesterol. J Membr Biol 2014; 247:667-73. [PMID: 24894721 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-014-9685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the potentially beneficial effects of apple cider vinegar (ACV) supplementation on serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, liver and kidney membrane lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant levels in ovariectomized (OVX) mice fed high cholesterol. Four groups of ten female mice were treated as follows: Group I received no treatment and was used as control. Group II was OVX mice. Group III received ACV intragastrically (0.6% of feed), and group IV was OVX and was treated with ACV as described for group III. The treatment was continued for 28 days, during which the mice were fed a high-cholesterol diet. The lipid peroxidation levels in erythrocyte, liver and kidney, triglycerides, total, and VLDL cholesterol levels in serum were higher in the OVX group than in groups III and IV. The levels of vitamin E in liver, the kidney and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and erythrocyte-reduced glutathione (GSH) were decreased in group II. The GSH-Px, vitamin C, E, and β-carotene, and the erythrocyte GSH and GSH-Px values were higher in kidney of groups III and IV, but in liver the vitamin E and β-carotene concentrations were decreased. In conclusion, ACV induced a protective effect against erythrocyte, kidney, and liver oxidative injury, and lowered the serum lipid levels in mice fed high cholesterol, suggesting that it possesses oxidative stress scavenging effects, inhibits lipid peroxidation, and increases the levels of antioxidant enzymes and vitamin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Department of Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey,
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Ovarian aging-like phenotype in the hyperandrogenism-induced murine model of polycystic ovary. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:948951. [PMID: 24693338 PMCID: PMC3945218 DOI: 10.1155/2014/948951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There are prominently similar symptoms, effectors, and commonalities in the majority of characteristics between ovarian aging and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Despite the approved role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of PCOS and aging, to our knowledge, the link between the PCO(S) and aging has not been investigated yet. In this study we investigated the possible exhibition of ovarian aging phenotype in murine model of PCO induced by daily oral administration of letrozole (1 mg/kg body weight) for 21 consecutive days in the female Wistar rats. Hyperandrogenization showed irregular cycles and histopathological characteristics of PCO which was associated with a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in serum and ovary. Moreover, serum testosterone, insulin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels, and ovarian matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) were increased in PCO rats compared with healthy controls, while estradiol and progesterone diminished. Almost all of these findings are interestingly found to be common with the characteristics identified with (ovarian) aging showing that hyperandrogenism-induced PCO in rat is associated with ovarian aging-like phenotypes. To our knowledge, this is the first report that provides evidence regarding the phenomenon of aging in PCO.
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Seif AA. Nigella Sativa reverses osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:22. [PMID: 24422662 PMCID: PMC3898005 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis poses a significant public health issue. It is a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength that predisposes to increased risk of fracture. There is a direct relationship between the lack of estrogen after menopause and the development of osteoporosis. About 33% of women over 50 will experience bone fractures as a result of osteoporosis. Nigella Sativa (NS) has been shown to have beneficial effects on bone and joint diseases. The present study was conducted to elucidate the protective effect of Nigella Sativa on osteoporosis produced by ovariectomy in rats. Methods Female Wistar rats aged 12–14 months were divided into three groups: sham-operated control (SHAM), ovariectomized (OVX), and ovariectomized supplemented with nigella sativa (OVX-NS) orally for 12 weeks; 4 weeks before ovariectomy and 8 weeks after. After 12 weeks, plasma levels of calcium (Ca+2), phosphorous (Pi), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), amino terminal collagen type 1 telopeptide, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrates, nitric oxide surrogate, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured. Histological examination of the liver and the tibia was conducted. Histomorphometric analysis of the tibia was also performed. Results OVX rats showed significant decrease in plasma Ca+2, accompanied by a significant increase in plasma ALP, amino terminal collagen type 1 telopeptide, MDA, nitrates, TNF-α and IL-6. These changes were reversed by NS supplementation in OVX-NS group to be near SHAM levels. Histological examination of the tibias revealed discontinuous eroded bone trabeculae with widened bone marrow spaces in OVX rats accompanied by a significant decrease in both cortical and trabecular bone thickness compared to Sham rats. These parameters were markedly reversed in OVX-NS rats. Histological examination of the liver showed mononuclear cellular infiltration and congestion of blood vessels at the portal area in OVX rats which were not found in OVX-NS rats. Conclusion Nigella sativa reverses osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats, which could be attributed to its high content of unsaturated fatty acids as well as its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Leclère R, Torregrosa-Muñumer R, Kireev R, García C, Vara E, Tresguerres JAF, Gredilla R. Effect of estrogens on base excision repair in brain and liver mitochondria of aged female rats. Biogerontology 2013; 14:383-94. [PMID: 23666345 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-013-9431-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the endocrine system have been suggested to act as signaling factors in the regulation of age-related events. Among the different hormones that have been linked to the aging process, estrogens have been widely investigated. They have been associated with inflammatory and oxidative processes and several investigations have established a relationship between the protective effects of estrogens and the mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial DNA is subjected to continuous oxidative attack by free radicals, and the base excision repair (BER) pathway is the main DNA repair route present in mitochondria. We have investigated the effect of estrogen levels on some of the key enzymes of BER in brain and liver mitochondria. In both tissues, depletion of estrogens led to an increased mitochondrial AP endonuclease (mtAPE1) activity, while restoration of estrogen levels by exogenous supplementation resulted in restitution of control APE1 activity only in liver. Moreover, in hepatic mitochondria, changes in estrogen levels affected the processing of oxidative lesions but not deaminations. Our results suggest that changes in mtAPE1 activity are related to specific translocation of the enzyme from the cytosol into the mitochondria probably due to oxidative stress changes as a consequence of changes in estrogen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Leclère
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Ropelle ER, Pauli JR, Cintra DE, da Silva AS, De Souza CT, Guadagnini D, Carvalho BM, Caricilli AM, Katashima CK, Carvalho-Filho MA, Hirabara S, Curi R, Velloso LA, Saad MJ, Carvalheira JB. Targeted disruption of inducible nitric oxide synthase protects against aging, S-nitrosation, and insulin resistance in muscle of male mice. Diabetes 2013; 62:466-70. [PMID: 22991447 PMCID: PMC3554348 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that S-nitrosation of proteins plays a critical role in several human diseases. Here, we explored the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the S-nitrosation of proteins involved in the early steps of the insulin-signaling pathway and insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle of aged mice. Aging increased iNOS expression and S-nitrosation of major proteins involved in insulin signaling, thereby reducing insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. Conversely, aged iNOS-null mice were protected from S-nitrosation-induced insulin resistance. Moreover, pharmacological treatment with an iNOS inhibitor and acute exercise reduced iNOS-induced S-nitrosation and increased insulin sensitivity in the muscle of aged animals. These findings indicate that the insulin resistance observed in aged mice is mainly mediated through the S-nitrosation of the insulin-signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo R. Ropelle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José R. Pauli
- School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adelino S. da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paolo, Brazil
| | - Cláudio T. De Souza
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Health Science Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC) Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Dioze Guadagnini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno M. Carvalho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea M. Caricilli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos K. Katashima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco A. Carvalho-Filho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro Hirabara
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lício A. Velloso
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario J.A. Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José B.C. Carvalheira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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41
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Villa E, Vukotic R, Cammà C, Petta S, Di Leo A, Gitto S, Turola E, Karampatou A, Losi L, Bernabucci V, Cenci A, Tagliavini S, Baraldi E, De Maria N, Gelmini R, Bertolini E, Rendina M, Francavilla A. Reproductive status is associated with the severity of fibrosis in women with hepatitis C. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44624. [PMID: 22970270 PMCID: PMC3438179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic hepatitis C is the main cause of death in patients with end-stage liver disease. Prognosis depends on the increase of fibrosis, whose progression is twice as rapid in men as in women. Aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of reproductive stage on fibrosis severity in women and to compare these findings with age-matched men. Materials and Methods A retrospective study of 710 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven chronic hepatitis C was conducted, using data from a clinical database of two tertiary Italian care centers. Four age-matched groups of men served as controls. Data about demographics, biochemistry, liver biopsy and ultrasonography were analyzed. Contributing factors were assessed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Liver fibrosis was more advanced in the early menopausal than in the fully reproductive (P<0.0001) or premenopausal (P = 0.042) group. Late menopausal women had higher liver fibrosis compared with the other groups (fully reproductive, P<0.0001; premenopausal, P = <0.0001; early menopausal, P = 0.052). Multivariate analyses showed that male sex was independently associated with more severe fibrosis in the groups corresponding to premenopausal (P = 0.048) and early menopausal (P = 0.004) but not late menopausal pairs. In women, estradiol/testosterone ratio decreased markedly in early (vs. reproductive age: P = 0.002 and vs. premenopausal: P<0.0001) and late menopause (vs. reproductive age: P = 0.001; vs. premenopausal: P<0.0001). In men age-matched with menopausal women, estradiol/testosterone ratio instead increased (reproductive age group vs. early: P = 0.002 and vs. late M: P = 0.001). Conclusions The severity of fibrosis in women worsens in parallel with increasing estrogen deprivation and estradiol/testosterone ratio decrease. Our data provide evidence why fibrosis progression is discontinuous in women and more linear and severe in men, in whom aging-associated estradiol/testosterone ratio increase occurs too late to noticeably influence the inflammatory process leading to fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Villa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria & University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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42
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Pascua P, Camello-Almaraz C, Pozo MJ, Martin-Cano FE, Vara E, Fernández-Tresguerres JA, Camello PJ. Aging-induced alterations in female rat colon smooth muscle: the protective effects of hormonal therapy. J Physiol Biochem 2011; 68:255-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-011-0138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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43
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Cui Y, Bhandary B, Marahatta A, Lee GH, Li B, Kim DS, Chae SW, Kim HR, Chae HJ. Characterization of Salvia miltiorrhiza ethanol extract as an anti-osteoporotic agent. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 11:120. [PMID: 22118263 PMCID: PMC3298536 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) has long been used as a traditional oriental medicine for cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence also indicates that SM has anti-osteoporotic effects. This study was conducted to examine the SM-induced anti-osteoporotic effect and its possible mechanisms with various doses of SM. METHODS We studied Sprague-Dawley female rats aged 12 weeks, divided into six groups: sham-operated control (SHAM), OVX rats supplemented with SM (1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg) orally for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected and biochemistry analysis was performed. Specimens from both tibia and liver were processed for light microscopic examination. DEXA and μ-CT analyses of the tibia were also performed. RESULTS SM treatment significantly ameliorated the decrease in BMD and trabecular bone mass according to DEXA and trabecular bone architecture analysis of trabecular bone structural parameters by μ-CT scanning. In serum biochemical analysis, SM decreased the released TRAP-5b, an osteoclast activation marker and oxidative stress parameters including MDA and NO induced by OVX. CONCLUSIONS The preventive effect of SM was presumably due to its anti-oxidative stress partly via modulation of osteoclast maturation and number. In current study, SM appears to be a promising osteoporosis therapeutic natural product.
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Beneficial effect of melatonin treatment on inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress on pancreas of a senescence accelerated mice model. Mech Ageing Dev 2011; 132:573-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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45
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Kumar P, Kale RK, Baquer NZ. Estradiol modulates membrane-linked ATPases, antioxidant enzymes, membrane fluidity, lipid peroxidation, and lipofuscin in aged rat liver. J Aging Res 2011; 2011:580245. [PMID: 22007298 PMCID: PMC3191768 DOI: 10.4061/2011/580245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radical production and oxidative stress are known to increase in liver during aging, and may contribute to the oxidative damage. These changes increase during menopausal condition in females when the level of estradiol is decreased. The objective of this study was to observe the changes in activities of membrane linked ATPases (Na+K+ ATPase, Ca2+ ATPase), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase), lipid peroxidation levels, lipofuscin content and membrane fluidity occurring in livers of female rats of 3, 12 and 24 months age groups, and to see whether these changes are restored to 3 months control levels rats after exogenous administration of 17-β-estradiol (E2). The aged rats (12 and 24 months) were given subcutaneous injection of E2 (0.1 μg/g body weight) daily for one month. The results obtained in the present work revealed that normal aging was associated with significant decrease in the activities of membrane linked ATPases, antioxidant enzymes, membrane fluidity and an increase in lipid peroxidation and lipofuscin content in livers of aging female rats. The present study showed that E2 treatment reversed the changes to normal levels. E2 treatment may be beneficial in preventing some of the age related changes in the liver by increasing antioxidant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardeep Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067 New Delhi, India
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46
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Forman K, Vara E, Garcia C, Kireev R, Cuesta S, Escames G, Tresguerres JAF. Effect of a Combined Treatment With Growth Hormone and Melatonin in the Cardiological Aging on Male SAMP8 Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2011; 66:823-34. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glr083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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47
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Effects of diabetes mellitus on the rat liver during the postmenopausal period. J Mol Histol 2011; 42:273-87. [PMID: 21604006 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-011-9331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated whether diabetes worsened the onset of liver injury/damage during the ovariectomized (OVX)-induced postmenopausal period in rats. Diabetes results in severe complications in humans, such as liver failure. Estrogen and its derivatives are medically acceptable, powerful antioxidant agents that can enable liver and other important organs to defend themselves against oxidative related injury. Estrogen deficiency, which occurs in the postmenopausal period and in individuals with diabetes, may play a significant role in the progression of liver failure. In the present study, rats were divided into four groups: control (Group I), diabetic (Group II), ovariectomy (Group III) and ovariectomy plus diabetes (Group IV). After the experiments, quantitative histopathological and immunohistochemical changes in liver were detected using light microscopy and modern stereological systems. Histopathological examinations showed that there were many necrotic and apoptotic hepatocytes in the lobules of Group II. In addition, there were a larger number of necrotic cells in Group III than Group II. In contrast to Group II, there were also apoptotic cells in the portal areas in Group III. Moreover, evidence of liver injury was higher in the sections of Group IV compared with all other groups. In biochemical findings, there were statistically significant differences between all the groups (P < 0.001) for catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH) and myeloperoxidase (MPx) activity. In addition, the amount of lipid peroxidation (LPO) was significantly different between groups. In stereological results, there were significant differences between Groups I and II and Groups II and IV. The present study provided novel insight into the pernicious effects of ovariectomy on liver injury following the onset of diabetes. Indeed, the present study found that increases in liver oxidative activity in OVX rats following the onset of diabetes correlates with elevated MPx, LPO and histopathological changes in rat liver.
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48
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Pighon A, Gutkowska J, Jankowski M, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Lavoie JM. Exercise training in ovariectomized rats stimulates estrogenic-like effects on expression of genes involved in lipid accumulation and subclinical inflammation in liver. Metabolism 2011; 60:629-39. [PMID: 20674948 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that the reduction in liver fat accumulation known to occur with exercise training in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats is associated with reduced expression of genes involved in lipogenesis while favoring the expression of transcription factors regulating lipid oxidation. We also tested the hypothesis that liver fat accumulation in Ovx rats is associated with an increased gene expression of several inflammatory biomarkers and that exercise training would attenuate this response. Sprague-Dawley female rats (14 weeks of age) were randomly divided into 4 groups of sedentary sham-operated (Sham), Ovx, Ovx with 17β-estradiol (E2) supplementation using a pellet (0.72 mg; 0.012 mg/d) with a biodegradable carrier binder, and Ovx trained with endurance exercise. Endurance exercise training consisted of continuous running on a motor-driven rodent treadmill 5 times per week for 5 weeks. Fat accumulation in liver as well as in adipose fat depots was higher (P < .01) in Ovx than in Sham rats. This response was prevented in Ovx animals with 17β-estradiol supplementation and with endurance exercise training. Liver gene expressions of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1-c, stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1 (and its protein content), carbohydrate response element binding protein, and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase were increased with estrogen withdrawal (P < .01). These responses were corrected with E2 supplementation alone as well as with training alone. Conversely, hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α messenger RNA levels were lower (P < .01) after estrogen removal compared with Sham rats. The lower hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α messenger RNA levels in Ovx rats were reincreased by E2 replacement or by exercise training. Gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines including inhibitor-κB kinase β and interleukin-6, as well as protein content of nuclear factor-κB, was higher (P < .01) in Ovx than in Sham animals. E2 supplementation or exercise training prevented the expression of the proinflammatory markers. It is concluded that exercise training reduces fat accumulation in liver of Ovx rats possibly through regulation of key molecules involved in lipogenesis and lipid oxidation. Exercise training also acts as estrogens in properly regulating the expression of inflammatory biomarkers in liver of Ovx rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolnaser Pighon
- Department of Kinesiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Forman K, Vara E, García C, Kireev R, Cuesta S, Acuña-Castroviejo D, Tresguerres JAF. Beneficial effects of melatonin on cardiological alterations in a murine model of accelerated aging. J Pineal Res 2010; 49:312-20. [PMID: 20738757 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2010.00800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of aging-related parameters such as inflammation, oxidative stress and cell death in the heart in an animal model of accelerated senescence and analyzed the effects of chronic administration of melatonin on these markers. Thirty male mice of senescence-accelerated prone (SAMP8) and 30 senescence-accelerated-resistant mice (SAMR1) at 2 and 10 months of age were used. Animals were divided into eight experimental groups, four from each strain: two young control groups, two old untreated control groups, and four melatonin-treated groups. Melatonin was provided at two different dosages (1 and 10 mg/kg/day) in the drinking water. After 30 days of treatment, the expression of inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1 and 10, NFkBp50 and NFkBp52), apoptosis markers (BAD, BAX and Bcl2) and parameters related to oxidative stress (heme oxygenases 1 and 2, endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases) were determined in the heart by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Inflammation, as well as, oxidative stress and apoptosis markers was increased in old SAMP8 males, when compared to its young controls. SAMR1 mice showed significantly lower basal levels of the measured parameters and smaller increases with age or no increases at all. After treatment with melatonin, these age-altered parameters were partially reversed, especially in SAMP8 mice. The results suggest that oxidative stress and inflammation increase with aging and that chronic treatment with melatonin, a potent antioxidant, reduces these parameters. The effects were more marked in the SAMP8 animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Forman
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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