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Kushwaha A, Thakur MK. Suv39h1 Silencing Recovers Memory Decline in Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic Mouse Model. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:487-497. [PMID: 37626270 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03570-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Histone post-translational modifications play an important role in the regulation of long-term memory and modulation of expression of neuronal immediate early genes (IEGs). The lysine methyltransferase KMT1A/ Suv39h1 (a mammalian ortholog of the Drosophila melanogaster SU (VAR) 3-9) aids in the methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9. We previously reported that age-related memory decline is associated with an increase in Suv39h1 expression in the hippocampus of male mice. The scopolamine-induced amnesic mouse model is a well-known animal model of memory impairment. In the current study, we have made an attempt to find a link between the changes in the H3K9 trimethylation pattern and memory decline during scopolamine-induced amnesia. It was followed by checking the effect of siRNA-mediated silencing of hippocampal Suv39h1 on memory and expression of neuronal IEGs. Scopolamine treatment significantly increased global levels of H3K9me3 and Suv39h1 in the amnesic hippocampus. Suv39h1 silencing in amnesic mice reduced H3K9me3 levels at the neuronal IEGs (Arc and BDNF) promoter, increased the expression of Arc and BDNF in the hippocampus, and improved recognition memory. Thus, these findings suggest that the silencing of Suv39h1 alone or in combination with other epigenetic drugs might be effective for treating memory decline during amnesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Kushwaha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
- K N Govt. P G College, Gyanpur, Sant Ravidas Nagar, 221304, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Thakur
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India.
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2
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Yan L, Geng Q, Cao Z, Liu B, Li L, Lu P, Lin L, Wei L, Tan Y, He X, Li L, Zhao N, Lu C. Insights into DNMT1 and programmed cell death in diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115753. [PMID: 37871559 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
DNMT1 (DNA methyltransferase 1) is the predominant member of the DNMT family and the most abundant DNMT in various cell types. It functions as a maintenance DNMT and is involved in various diseases, including cancer and nervous system diseases. Programmed cell death (PCD) is a fundamental mechanism that regulates cell proliferation and maintains the development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. DNMT1 plays a regulatory role in various types of PCD, including apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and others. DNMT1 is closely associated with the development of various diseases by regulating key genes and pathways involved in PCD, including caspase 3/7 activities in apoptosis, Beclin 1, LC3, and some autophagy-related proteins in autophagy, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) in ferroptosis, and receptor-interacting protein kinase 1-receptor-interacting protein kinase 3-mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL) in necroptosis. Our study summarizes the regulatory relationship between DNMT1 and different types of PCD in various diseases and discusses the potential of DNMT1 as a common regulatory hub in multiple types of PCD, offering a perspective for therapeutic approaches in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Geng
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lini Wei
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Tan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Mir FA, Amanullah A, Jain BP, Hyderi Z, Gautam A. Neuroepigenetics of ageing and neurodegeneration-associated dementia: An updated review. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102067. [PMID: 37689143 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression is tremendously altered in the brain during memory acquisition, recall, and forgetfulness. However, non-genetic factors, including environmental elements, epigenetic changes, and lifestyle, have grabbed significant attention in recent years regarding the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) and age-associated dementia. Epigenetic modifications are essential in regulating gene expression in all living organisms in a DNA sequence-independent manner. The genes implicated in ageing and NDD-related memory disorders are epigenetically regulated by processes such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation as well as messenger RNA editing machinery. The physiological and optimal state of the epigenome, especially within the CNS of humans, plays an intricate role in helping us adjust to the changing environment, and alterations in it cause many brain disorders, but the mechanisms behind it still need to be well understood. When fully understood, these epigenetic landscapes could act as vital targets for pharmacogenetic rescue strategies for treating several diseases, including neurodegeneration- and age-induced dementia. Keeping this objective in mind, this updated review summarises the epigenetic changes associated with age and neurodegeneration-associated dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayaz Ahmad Mir
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Zeeshan Hyderi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Akash Gautam
- Centre for Neural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
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Hernaiz A, Sentre S, Betancor M, López-Pérez Ó, Salinas-Pena M, Zaragoza P, Badiola JJ, Toivonen JM, Bolea R, Martín-Burriel I. 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Scrapie-Infected Sheep and Mouse Brain Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021621. [PMID: 36675131 PMCID: PMC9864596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Scrapie is a neurodegenerative disorder belonging to the group of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or prion diseases, which are caused by an infectious isoform of the innocuous cellular prion protein (PrPC) known as PrPSc. DNA methylation, one of the most studied epigenetic mechanisms, is essential for the proper functioning of the central nervous system. Recent findings point to possible involvement of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of prion diseases, but there is still a lack of knowledge about the behavior of this epigenetic mechanism in such neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we evaluated by immunohistochemistry the 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) levels in sheep and mouse brain tissues infected with scrapie. Expression analysis of different gene coding for epigenetic regulatory enzymes (DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, HDAC1, HDAC2, TET1, and TET2) was also carried out. A decrease in 5mC levels was observed in scrapie-affected sheep and mice compared to healthy animals, whereas 5hmC displayed opposite patterns between the two models, demonstrating a decrease in 5hmC in scrapie-infected sheep and an increase in preclinical mice. 5mC correlated with prion-related lesions in mice and sheep, but 5hmC was associated with prion lesions only in sheep. Differences in the expression changes of epigenetic regulatory genes were found between both disease models, being differentially expressed Dnmt3b, Hdac1, and Tet1 in mice and HDAC2 in sheep. Our results support the evidence that DNA methylation in both forms, 5mC and 5hmC, and its associated epigenetic enzymes, take part in the neurodegenerative course of prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaida Hernaiz
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sara Sentre
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marina Betancor
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes (CEETE), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Óscar López-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mónica Salinas-Pena
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Zaragoza
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Badiola
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes (CEETE), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Janne Markus Toivonen
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Bolea
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes (CEETE), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Martín-Burriel
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes (CEETE), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-976-761662
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5
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Auzmendi-Iriarte J, Moreno-Cugnon L, Saenz-Antoñanzas A, Grassi D, de Pancorbo MM, Arevalo MA, Wood IC, Matheu A. High levels of HDAC expression correlate with microglial aging. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:911-922. [PMID: 36503367 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2158081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular damage gradually accumulates with aging, promoting a time-dependent functional decline of the brain. Microglia play an essential regulatory role in maintaining cognitive activity by phagocytosing cell debris and apoptotic cells during neurogenesis. The activities of different histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate microglial function during development and neurodegeneration. However, no studies have described the role of HDACs in microglia during physiological aging. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS HDAC and microglial marker levels were examined in microglial cells after inducing senescence in vitro and in mouse and human hippocampal biopsies in vivo, using quantitative real-time PCR. Publicly available datasets were used to determine HDAC expression in different brain areas during physiological aging. RESULTS HDAC expression increased upon the induction of senescence with bleomycin or serial passage in microglial cultures. High levels of HDACs were detected in mice and aged human brain samples. Human hippocampal samples showed a positive correlation between the expression of HDAC1, 3, and 7 and microglial and senescence markers. HDAC1 and 3 levels are enriched in the purified aged microglial population. CONCLUSIONS Several HDACs, particularly HDAC1, are elevated in microglia upon senescence induction in vitro and with aging in vivo, and correlate with microglial and senescence biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leire Moreno-Cugnon
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Daniela Grassi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Maria-Angeles Arevalo
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto Cajal, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ian C Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ander Matheu
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Madrid, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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6
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Singh P, Paramanik V. Neuromodulating roles of estrogen and phytoestrogens in cognitive therapeutics through epigenetic modifications during aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:945076. [PMID: 35992599 PMCID: PMC9381870 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.945076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen (E2) plays important role in regulating hippocampal learning and memory. The decline of E2 after menopause affects learning and memory and increases the risk of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, from the estrogen receptor (ER) mediated gene regulation; E2 also regulates gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels through epigenetic modifications. E2 recruits a number of proteins called co-regulators at the promoter region of genes. These co-regulators act as chromatin modifiers, alter DNA and histone modifications and regulate gene expression. Several studies show that E2 regulates learning and memory by altering chromatin at the promoters of memory-linked genes. Due to structural similarities with E2 and low side effects, phytoestrogens are now used as neuroprotective agents to recover learning and memory in animal models as well as human subjects during aging and different neurological disorders. Growing evidence suggests that apart from anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, phytoestrogens also act as epigenetic modifiers and regulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications. The epigenetic modifying properties of phytoestrogens are mostly studied in cancer cells but very little is known regarding the regulation of synaptic plasticity genes, learning and memory, and neurological disorders. In this article, we discuss the epigenetic modifying properties of E2 and the roles of phytoestrogens as epigenetic modifiers in the brain to recover and maintain cognitive functions.
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7
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Yang L, Hao JR, Gao Y, Yang X, Shen XR, Wang HY, Sun N, Gao C. HDAC3 of dorsal hippocampus induces postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 433:114002. [PMID: 35810999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) affects a substantial number of aged individuals. Although advanced age has been regarded as the only independent risk factor for cognitive decline following anesthesia and surgery, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), an epigenetic regulator of memory plays an important role in age-dependent disease. In this study, we investigated the role of HDAC3 in POCD using a laparotomy mouse model. The results showed that the level of HDAC3 in the dorsal hippocampus (DH) was elevated in aged mice compared with young mice. The surgery impaired the spatial-temporal memory in aged mice, as indicated in the object location memory (OLM) and temporal order memory (TOM) tests. Model mice also exhibited increased expression of HDAC3 protein and decreased levels of dendritic spine density and synaptic plasticity-related proteins in the DH. Selectively blocking HDAC3 in the DH of aged mice reversed spatial-temporal memory impairment induced by surgery and restored dendritic spine density and synaptic plasticity-related proteins in the DH. Overexpression of HDAC3 by adeno-associated virus in the DH of young mice mimicked the behavioral deficits induced by anesthesia and surgery. Our results indicated that HDAC3 negatively regulates spatial-temporal memory in aged mice after anesthesia and surgery. Targeting HDAC3 might represent a potential therapy to avoid POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.
| | - Jing-Ru Hao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yin Gao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China.
| | - Xiu Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiao-Ran Shen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hu-Yi Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Nan Sun
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Can Gao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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8
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Mishra E, Thakur MK. Alterations in hippocampal mitochondrial dynamics are associated with neurodegeneration and recognition memory decline in old male mice. Biogerontology 2022; 23:251-271. [PMID: 35266060 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics is a key process that modulates the ultrastructure, quality and function of mitochondria. It is disrupted in numerous major neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been correlated with the loss of memory. Previous studies suggest the involvement of Vdac1 and Drp1 in outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and promotion of mitochondrial fragmentation through Drp1 phosphorylation at S616. However, alterations in mitochondrial dynamics with respect to aging, memory loss and neurodegeneration remain unexplored. Therefore, the present study focuses on the involvement of mitochondrial dynamics in neurodegeneration and recognition memory decline during aging. The recognition memory decline was validated by the novel object recognition test and measurement of hippocampal Arc protein level during aging. The ultrastructure analysis revealed a decline in mitochondrial length and area, while an increase in the number of fragmented, round and disrupted mitochondria in the hippocampus during aging. Disruption was also evident in mitochondrial cristae and membrane with advancing age. The change in mitochondrial morphology was corroborated by an increase in the expression of phospho-Drp1 (S616) and Cyt-c proteins but decline in Mfn2, LC3B, Vdac1, Bcl-XL and Bcl-2 proteins in the hippocampus during aging. Taken together, our findings reveal that an increase in the expression of phospho-Drp1 (S616) and decrease in Mfn2 and LC3B proteins in the hippocampus bring about a reduction in mitochondrial length and area, and rise in mitochondrial fragmentation leading to reduced neuronal cell density, increased neurodegeneration and recognition memory decline in old male mice. Diagram depicts the increase in hippocampal mitochondrial fragmentation during aging of mice. Increased mitochondrial fragmentation causes distorted mitochondrial function such as decrease in ATP/ADP transportation due to decrease in Vdac1 protein level and increase in oxidative damage. These alterations result in hippocampal neurodegeneration and consequently impairment in recognition memory during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ela Mishra
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Thakur
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India.
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9
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Epigenetic Mechanisms in Memory and Cognitive Decline Associated with Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212280. [PMID: 34830163 PMCID: PMC8618067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, which include DNA methylation, a variety of post-translational modifications of histone proteins (acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, serotonylation, dopaminylation), chromatin remodeling enzymes, and long non-coding RNAs, are robust regulators of activity-dependent changes in gene transcription. In the brain, many of these epigenetic modifications have been widely implicated in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms has been reported in the aged brain and is associated with or contributes to memory decline across the lifespan. Furthermore, alterations in the epigenome have been reported in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we review the diverse types of epigenetic modifications and their role in activity- and learning-dependent synaptic plasticity. We then discuss how these mechanisms become dysregulated across the lifespan and contribute to memory loss with age and in Alzheimer’s disease. Collectively, the evidence reviewed here strongly supports a role for diverse epigenetic mechanisms in memory formation, aging, and neurodegeneration in the brain.
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10
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Singh P, Sivanandam TM, Konar A, Thakur MK. Role of nutraceuticals in cognition during aging and related disorders. Neurochem Int 2020; 143:104928. [PMID: 33285273 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive abilities are compromised with advancing age posing a great risk for the development of dementia and other related brain disorders. Genetic susceptibility as well as environmental exposures determine the fate of cognitive aging and its transition to pathological states. Emerging epidemiological and observational studies have revealed the importance of lifestyle factors including dietary patterns and nutritional intake in the maintenance of cognitive health and reducing the risk of neurodegenerative disorders. In this context, nutraceutical interventions have gained considerable attention in preventing age-related cognitive deficits and counteracting pathological processes. Nutraceuticals include dietary plants and derivatives, food supplements and processed foods with nutritional and pharmaceutical values. The present review highlights the importance of nutraceuticals in attenuating cognitive aging and its progression to dementia, with specific emphasis on chemical constituents, neurocognitive properties and mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanabh Singh
- Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Thamil Mani Sivanandam
- Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Arpita Konar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - M K Thakur
- Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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11
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Fenyves BG, Arnold A, Gharat VG, Haab C, Tishinov K, Peter F, de Quervain D, Papassotiropoulos A, Stetak A. Dual Role of an mps-2/KCNE-Dependent Pathway in Long-Term Memory and Age-Dependent Memory Decline. Curr Biol 2020; 31:527-539.e7. [PMID: 33259792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Activity-dependent persistent changes in neuronal intrinsic excitability and synaptic strength are underlying learning and memory. Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are potential regulators of memory and may be linked to age-dependent neuronal disfunction. MinK-related peptides (MiRPs) are conserved transmembrane proteins modulating Kv channels; however, their possible role in the regulation of memory and age-dependent memory decline are unknown. Here, we show that, in C. elegans, mps-2 is the sole member of the MiRP family that controls exclusively long-term associative memory (LTAM) in AVA neuron. In addition, we demonstrate that mps-2 also plays a critical role in age-dependent memory decline. In young adult worms, mps-2 is transcriptionally upregulated by CRH-1/cyclic AMP (cAMP)-response-binding protein (CREB) during LTAM, although the mps-2 baseline expression is CREB independent and instead, during aging, relies on nhr-66, which acts as an age-dependent repressor. Deletion of nhr-66 or its binding element in the mps-2 promoter prevents age-dependent transcriptional repression of mps-2 and memory decline. Finally, MPS-2 acts through the modulation of the Kv2.1/KVS-3 and Kv2.2/KVS-4 heteromeric potassium channels. Altogether, we describe a conserved MPS-2/KVS-3/KVS-4 pathway essential for LTAM and also for a programmed control of physiological age-dependent memory decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bank G Fenyves
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andreas Arnold
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vaibhav G Gharat
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Haab
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kiril Tishinov
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Peter
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominique de Quervain
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; University Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Papassotiropoulos
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; University Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Attila Stetak
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; University Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
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12
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Ye F, Tian S, Hu H, Yu Z. Electroacupuncture reduces scopolamine-induced amnesia via mediating the miR-210/SIN3A and miR-183/SIN3A signaling pathway. Mol Med 2020; 26:107. [PMID: 33183243 PMCID: PMC7661264 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The expression of SIN3A is closely correlated with electroacupuncture (EA) treatment efficacy of scopolamine-induced amnesia (SIA), but its underlying mechanisms remain to be further explored. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to analyze the expression of candidate microRNAs (miRNAs) and SIN3A mRNA in a rat model of SIA. Western blot was carried out to evaluate the differential expression of SIN3A proteins under different circumstances. Luciferase assay was used to explore the inhibitory role of certain miRNAs in SIN3A expression. A novel object recognition (NOR) test was performed to assess the memory function of SIA rats undergoing EA treatment. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to evaluate the expression of SIN3A in the hippocampus of SIA rats. Results Rno-miR-183-5p, rno-miR-34c-3p and rno-miR-210-3p were significantly up-regulated in SIA rats treated with EA. In addition, rno-miR-183-5p and rno-miR-210-3p exerted an inhibitory effect on SIN3A expression. EA treatment of SIA rats effectively restored the dysregulated expression of rno-miR-183-5p, rno-miR-210-3p and SIN3A. EA treatment also promoted the inhibited expression of neuronal IEGs including Arc, Egr1, Homer1 and Narp in the hippocampus of SIA rats. Accordingly, the NOR test also confirmed the effect of EA treatment on the improvement of memory in SIA rats. Conclusion In summary, the findings of this study demonstrated that scopolamine-induced amnesia was associated with downregulated expression of miR-210/miR-183 and upregulated expression of SIN3A. Furthermore, treatment with EA alleviated scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats and was associated with upregulated expression of miR-210/miR-183 and downregulated expression of SIN3A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Street, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Shiming Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Street, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Huimin Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Street, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhengwen Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No.136, Jingzhou Street, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China.
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13
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D'Amato A, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Lucarini E, Man AL, Le Gall G, Branca JJV, Ghelardini C, Amedei A, Bertelli E, Regoli M, Pacini A, Luciani G, Gallina P, Altera A, Narbad A, Gulisano M, Hoyles L, Vauzour D, Nicoletti C. Faecal microbiota transplant from aged donor mice affects spatial learning and memory via modulating hippocampal synaptic plasticity- and neurotransmission-related proteins in young recipients. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:140. [PMID: 33004079 PMCID: PMC7532115 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00914-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut-brain axis and the intestinal microbiota are emerging as key players in health and disease. Shifts in intestinal microbiota composition affect a variety of systems; however, evidence of their direct impact on cognitive functions is still lacking. We tested whether faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) from aged donor mice into young adult recipients altered the hippocampus, an area of the central nervous system (CNS) known to be affected by the ageing process and related functions. RESULTS Young adult mice were transplanted with the microbiota from either aged or age-matched donor mice. Following transplantation, characterization of the microbiotas and metabolomics profiles along with a battery of cognitive and behavioural tests were performed. Label-free quantitative proteomics was employed to monitor protein expression in the hippocampus of the recipients. We report that FMT from aged donors led to impaired spatial learning and memory in young adult recipients, whereas anxiety, explorative behaviour and locomotor activity remained unaffected. This was paralleled by altered expression of proteins involved in synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission in the hippocampus. Also, a strong reduction of bacteria associated with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production (Lachnospiraceae, Faecalibaculum, and Ruminococcaceae) and disorders of the CNS (Prevotellaceae and Ruminococcaceae) was observed. Finally, the detrimental effect of FMT from aged donors on the CNS was confirmed by the observation that microglia cells of the hippocampus fimbria, acquired an ageing-like phenotype; on the contrary, gut permeability and levels of systemic and local (hippocampus) cytokines were not affected. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that age-associated shifts of the microbiota have an impact on protein expression and key functions of the CNS. Furthermore, these results highlight the paramount importance of the gut-brain axis in ageing and provide a strong rationale to devise therapies aiming to restore a young-like microbiota to improve cognitive functions and the declining quality of life in the elderly. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Lucarini
- NEUROFARBA Department., University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Gwenaelle Le Gall
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Jacopo J V Branca
- Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Amedeo Amedei
- Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Eugenio Bertelli
- Dept. of Developmental and Molecular Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mari Regoli
- Dept. of Developmental and Molecular Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pacini
- Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Luciani
- Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Pasquale Gallina
- NEUROFARBA Department., University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Neurosurgery Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Annalisa Altera
- Dept. of Developmental and Molecular Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Gulisano
- Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Lesley Hoyles
- Dept. of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Claudio Nicoletti
- Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy.
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14
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Creighton SD, Stefanelli G, Reda A, Zovkic IB. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Learning and Memory: Implications for Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6918. [PMID: 32967185 PMCID: PMC7554829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal epigenome is highly sensitive to external events and its function is vital for producing stable behavioral outcomes, such as the formation of long-lasting memories. The importance of epigenetic regulation in memory is now well established and growing evidence points to altered epigenome function in the aging brain as a contributing factor to age-related memory decline. In this review, we first summarize the typical role of epigenetic factors in memory processing in a healthy young brain, then discuss the aspects of this system that are altered with aging. There is general agreement that many epigenetic marks are modified with aging, but there are still substantial inconsistencies in the precise nature of these changes and their link with memory decline. Here, we discuss the potential source of age-related changes in the epigenome and their implications for therapeutic intervention in age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha D. Creighton
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (S.D.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Gilda Stefanelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (S.D.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Anas Reda
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada;
| | - Iva B. Zovkic
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (S.D.C.); (G.S.)
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada;
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K V A, Madhana RM, Bais AK, Singh VB, Malik A, Sinha S, Lahkar M, Kumar P, Samudrala PK. Cognitive Improvement by Vorinostat through Modulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in a Corticosterone-Induced Chronic Stress Model in Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2649-2657. [PMID: 32673474 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is the leading cause of memory impairment today. Various stress-based models are being developed for studying cognitive impairment. Repurposing of existing drugs in a new pharmacology class is the safest and cheapest option for treatment instead of new drug discovery. Vorinostat (VOR) is the first histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor approved for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma by the U.S. FDA. VOR follows the rule of five and is reported to cross the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the procognitive potential of VOR (25 mg/kg) administered by intraperitoneal (ip) route in a stress-based model of chronic corticosterone (CORT) injections (20 mg/kg, subcutaneously (sc)). The study comprised six groups. Normal mice were administered vehicle (VEH) (days 1-21, sc) in the first group, VOR (days 8-21, 25 mg/kg, ip) in the second group, and fluoxetine (FLX) (days 8-21, 15 mg/kg, oral) in the third group. Mice in the remaining three groups were given 20 mg/kg (sc) CORT for 21 days, and VOR (days 8-21, 25 mg/kg, ip) or FLX (days 8-21, 15 mg/kg, oral) was additionally administered to the treatment groups. Behavioral tests such as Morris water maze test, novel object recognition test, and object in place test were performed at the end of the dosing schedule to assess cognition. After behavior tests, mice were sacrificed, and hippocampus was separated from brain tissue for reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry studies. VOR treatment attenuated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in CORT mice as evident from the reduction in DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 (Ddit3) (gene encoding CHOP), caspase 12 (Casp12), and calpain-2 (Capn2) mRNA levels, and cleaved caspase 3 (CASP3) protein expression. Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1) was significantly increased in VOR-treated CORT mice. VOR also reversed CORT induced increase in HDAC2 level in the CA3 region. The protective effects of VOR were comparable to that of FLX in CORT mice. Thus, VOR has the potential to reverse cognitive dysfunction via modulation of ER stress markers and HDAC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira K V
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Mirza, Kamrup, 781125 Assam, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682041 Kerala, India
| | - Rajaram Mohanrao Madhana
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Mirza, Kamrup, 781125 Assam, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Bais
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Mirza, Kamrup, 781125 Assam, India
| | - Vijay Bahadur Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Mirza, Kamrup, 781125 Assam, India
| | - Arpit Malik
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Mirza, Kamrup, 781125 Assam, India
| | - Swapnil Sinha
- DST WOS-A Scientist, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Mirza, Kamrup, 781125 Assam, India
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, 781032 Assam, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, 781125 Assam, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Samudrala
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Mirza, Kamrup, 781125 Assam, India
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Dahan L, Rampon C, Florian C. Age-related memory decline, dysfunction of the hippocampus and therapeutic opportunities. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 102:109943. [PMID: 32298784 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
While the aging of the population is a sign of progress for societies, it also carries its load of negative aspects. Among them, cognitive decline and in particular memory loss is a common feature of non-pathological aging. Autobiographical memories, which rely on the hippocampus, are a primary target of age-related cognitive decline. Here, focusing on the neurobiological mechanisms of memory formation and storage, we describe how hippocampal functions are altered across time in non-pathological mammalian brains. Several hallmarks of aging have been well described over the last decades; among them, we consider altered synaptic communication and plasticity, reduction of adult neurogenesis and epigenetic alterations. Building on the neurobiological processes of cognitive aging that have been identified to date, we review some of the strategies based on lifestyle manupulation allowing to address age-related cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Dahan
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse; CNRS, UPS, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Claire Rampon
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse; CNRS, UPS, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Cédrick Florian
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse; CNRS, UPS, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
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17
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Kushwaha A, Thakur MK. Increase in hippocampal histone H3K9me3 is negatively correlated with memory in old male mice. Biogerontology 2019; 21:175-189. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09850-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Neuroepigenetic signatures of age and sex in the living human brain. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2945. [PMID: 31270332 PMCID: PMC6610136 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Age- and sex-related alterations in gene transcription have been demonstrated, however the underlying mechanisms are unresolved. Neuroepigenetic pathways regulate gene transcription in the brain. Here, we measure in vivo expression of the epigenetic enzymes, histone deacetylases (HDACs), across healthy human aging and between sexes using [11C]Martinostat positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging (n = 41). Relative HDAC expression increases with age in cerebral white matter, and correlates with age-associated disruptions in white matter microstructure. A post mortem study confirmed that HDAC1 and HDAC2 paralogs are elevated in white matter tissue from elderly donors. There are also sex-specific in vivo HDAC expression differences in brain regions associated with emotion and memory, including the amygdala and hippocampus. Hippocampus and white matter HDAC expression negatively correlates with emotion regulation skills (n = 23). Age and sex are associated with HDAC expression in vivo, which could drive age- and sex-related transcriptional changes and impact human behavior. Gene transcription is known to vary with age and sex, although the underlying mechanisms are unresolved. Here, the authors show that epigenetic enzymes known as HDACs, which regulate gene transcription, are increasingly expressed with age in the living human brain, with sex differences also observed.
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19
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Rey R, Chauvet-Gelinier JC, Suaud-Chagny MF, Ragot S, Bonin B, d'Amato T, Teyssier JR. Distinct Expression Pattern of Epigenetic Machinery Genes in Blood Leucocytes and Brain Cortex of Depressive Patients. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4697-4707. [PMID: 30377985 PMCID: PMC6647377 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In major depressive disorder (MDD), altered gene expression in brain cortex and blood leucocytes may be due to aberrant expression of epigenetic machinery coding genes. Here, we explore the expression of these genes both at the central and peripheral levels. Using real-time quantitative PCR technique, we first measured expression levels of genes encoding DNA and histone modifying enzymes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and cingulate cortex (CC) of MDD patients (n = 24) and healthy controls (n = 12). For each brain structure, transcripts levels were compared between subject groups. In an exploratory analysis, we then compared the candidate gene expressions between a subgroup of MDD patients with psychotic characteristics (n = 13) and the group of healthy subjects (n = 12). Finally, we compared transcript levels of the candidate genes in blood leucocytes between separate samples of MDD patients (n = 17) and healthy controls (n = 16). In brain and blood leucocytes of MDD patients, we identified an overexpression of genes encoding enzymes which transfer repressive transcriptional marks: HDAC4-5-6-8 and DNMT3B in the DLPFC, HDAC2 in the CC and blood leucocytes. In the DLPFC of patients with psychotic characteristics, two genes (KAT2A and UBE2A) were additionally overexpressed suggesting a shift to a more transcriptionally permissive conformation of chromatin. Aberrant activation of epigenetic repressive systems may be involved in MDD pathogenesis both in brain tissue and blood leucocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Rey
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, F-69000, Lyon, France. .,University Lyon 1, F-69000, Villeurbanne, France. .,Schizophrenia Expert Centre, Le Vinatier Hospital, Bron, France. .,INSERM U1028; CNRS UMR5292; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Equipe PSYR2; Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Pole Est, Centre Expert Schizophrénie, 95 boulevard Pinel BP 30039, 69678, Bron Cedex, France.
| | - Jean-Christophe Chauvet-Gelinier
- Psychiatry Unit, Neurosciences Department, Le Bocage University Hospital, Marion Building, Dijon, France.,Laboratory of Psychopathology and Medical Psychology (IFR 100), Bourgogne University, Dijon, France
| | - Marie-Françoise Suaud-Chagny
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, F-69000, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, F-69000, Villeurbanne, France.,Schizophrenia Expert Centre, Le Vinatier Hospital, Bron, France
| | - Sylviane Ragot
- Department of Genetics and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Bernard Bonin
- Psychiatry Unit, Neurosciences Department, Le Bocage University Hospital, Marion Building, Dijon, France.,Laboratory of Psychopathology and Medical Psychology (IFR 100), Bourgogne University, Dijon, France
| | - Thierry d'Amato
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, F-69000, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, F-69000, Villeurbanne, France.,Schizophrenia Expert Centre, Le Vinatier Hospital, Bron, France
| | - Jean-Raymond Teyssier
- Department of Genetics and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, University Hospital, Dijon, France
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20
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Goyal K, Konar A, Kumar BSH, Koul V. Lactoferrin-conjugated pH and redox-sensitive polymersomes based on PEG-S-S-PLA-PCL-OH boost delivery of bacosides to the brain. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17781-17798. [PMID: 30215650 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03828g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, engineered lactoferrin (Lf)-conjugated pH and redox-sensitive polymersomes derived from the triblock copolymer polyethylene glycol-S-S-polylactic acid-polycaprolactone (PEG-S-S-PLA-PCL-OH) have been used to deliver bacosides to the brain. Bacosides are classified as triterpenoid saponins and are used in Indian Ayurveda for reversal of amnesia; however, no study has extensively demonstrated their efficacy as a nano-formulation in an animal model. The polymer was synthesized by ring opening polymerization of lactide and ε-caprolactone. The nanoparticles obtained by nanoprecipitation showed a core-shell morphology, with an average size of 110 nm, by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The colloidal stability, hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility of the polymersomes proved their biocompatibility. pH and disulfide linkages in the polymeric chain accelerated the disintegration of the polymersomes at pH 6.6 and at pH 6.6 with glutathione (GSH) in comparison to pH 7.4, supporting their degradation behavior. Supermagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs, 74.99 μg mg-1 polymer) encapsulated into the polymersomes demonstrated their uptake in a mouse model by MRI. Furthermore, bacosides encapsulated in the polymersomes (10% loading) showed significant memory loss reversal in chemically induced amnesic mice, supported by the gene expression profiles of Arc, BDNF and CREB as well as by histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Goyal
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India.
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Baghel MS, Singh B, Dhuriya YK, Shukla RK, Patro N, Khanna VK, Patro IK, Thakur MK. Postnatal exposure to poly (I:C) impairs learning and memory through changes in synaptic plasticity gene expression in developing rat brain. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 155:379-389. [PMID: 30195050 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Viral infection during early stage of life influences brain development and results in several neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia, autism and behavioral abnormalities. However, the mechanism through which infection causes long-term behavioral defects is not well known. To elucidate this, we have used synthetic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] which acts as a dsRNA molecule and interacts with toll-like receptor-3 (TLR-3) of microglia cells to evoke the immune system, thus mimicking the viral infection. Rat pups of postnatal day (PND) 7 were infused with a single dose of poly (I:C) (5 mg/kg BW) and vehicle alone to controls. When these pups grew to 3, 6 and 12 weeks, their spatial and fear conditioning memory were impaired as assessed by Morris water maze and passive avoidance test, respectively. We checked the immune activation by staining of TNF-α in the hippocampus and observed that poly (I:C) exposure elevated the number of TNF-α positive cells immediately after 12 h of infusion in one week rat and it persisted up to postnatal age of 3 and 12 weeks. Moreover, poly (I:C) significantly decreased the binding of 3H-QNB to the cholinergic receptors in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of 3 and 6 weeks rats as compared to control but did not change significantly in 12 weeks rats. RT-PCR and immunoblotting results showed that poly (I:C) exposure upregulated the expression of memory associated genes (BDNF, Arc, EGR1) at mRNA and protein level in frontal cortex and hippocampus of 3 weeks rats as compared to control. However, long-time persistence of poly (I:C) effects significantly decreased the expression of these genes in both brain regions of 12 weeks rats. Taken together, it is evident that early life exposure to poly (I:C) has a long-term effect and impairs learning and memory, probably through TNF-α mediated neuroinflammation and alteration in the expression of memory associated genes in frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brijendra Singh
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474 011, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar Dhuriya
- CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Rajendra Kumar Shukla
- CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Nisha Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474 011, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Khanna
- CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Ishan Kumar Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474 011, India
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Gray NE, Zweig JA, Caruso M, Martin MD, Zhu JY, Quinn JF, Soumyanath A. Centella asiatica increases hippocampal synaptic density and improves memory and executive function in aged mice. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01024. [PMID: 29920983 PMCID: PMC6043711 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Centella asiatica is a plant used for centuries to enhance memory. We have previously shown that a water extract of Centella asiatica (CAW) attenuates age-related spatial memory deficits in mice and improves neuronal health. Yet the effect of CAW on other cognitive domains remains unexplored as does its mechanism of improving age-related cognitive impairment. This study investigates the effects of CAW on a variety of cognitive tasks as well as on synaptic density and mitochondrial and antioxidant pathways. METHODS Twenty-month-old CB6F1 mice were treated with CAW (2 mg/ml) in their drinking water for 2 weeks prior to behavioral testing. Learning, memory, and executive function were assessed using the novel object recognition task (NORT), object location memory task (OLM), and odor discrimination reversal learning (ODRL) test. Tissue was collected for Golgi analysis of spine density as well as assessment of mitochondrial, antioxidant, and synaptic proteins. RESULTS CAW improved performance in all behavioral tests suggesting effects on hippocampal and cortical dependent memory as well as on prefrontal cortex mediated executive function. There was also an increase in synaptic density in the treated animals, which was accompanied by increased expression of the antioxidant response gene NRF2 as well as the mitochondrial marker porin. CONCLUSIONS These data show that CAW can increase synaptic density as well as antioxidant and mitochondrial proteins and improve multiple facets of age-related cognitive impairment. Because mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress also accompany cognitive impairment in many pathological conditions this suggests a broad therapeutic utility of CAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora E Gray
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jonathan A Zweig
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Maya Caruso
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Marjoen D Martin
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jennifer Y Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Neurology and Parkinson's Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center (PADRECC), VA Portland Healthcare System, Portland, Oregon
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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23
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Srivas S, Thakur MK. Transcriptional co-repressor SIN3A silencing rescues decline in memory consolidation during scopolamine-induced amnesia. J Neurochem 2018; 145:204-216. [PMID: 29494759 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications through methylation of DNA and acetylation of histones modulate neuronal gene expression and regulate long-term memory. Earlier we demonstrated that scopolamine-induced decrease in memory consolidation is correlated with enhanced expression of hippocampal DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in mice. DNMT1 and HDAC2 act together by recruiting a co-repressor complex and deacetylating the chromatin. The catalytic activity of HDACs is mainly dependent on its incorporation into multiprotein co-repressor complexes, among which SIN3A-HDAC2 co-repressor is widely studied to regulate synaptic plasticity. However, the involvement of co-repressor complex in regulating memory loss or amnesia is unexplored. This study examines the role of co-repressor SIN3A in scopolamine-induced amnesia through epigenetic changes in the hippocampus. Scopolamine treatment remarkably enhanced hippocampal SIN3A expression in mice. To prevent such increase in SIN3A expression, we used hippocampal infusion of SIN3A-siRNA and assessed the effect of SIN3A silencing on scopolamine-induced amnesia. Silencing of SIN3A in amnesic mice reduced the binding of HDAC2 at neuronal immediate early genes (IEGs) promoter, but did not change the expression of HDAC2. Furthermore, it increased acetylation of H3K9 and H3K14 at neuronal IEGs (Arc, Egr1, Homer1 and Narp) promoter, prevented scopolamine-induced down-regulation of IEGs and improved consolidation of memory during novel object recognition task. These findings together suggest that SIN3A has a critical role in regulation of synaptic plasticity and might act as a potential therapeutic target to rescue memory decline during amnesia and other neuropsychiatric pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Srivas
- Department of Zoology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Centre, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mahendra K Thakur
- Department of Zoology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Centre, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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24
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Epigenetic Modifications of the α-Synuclein Gene and Relative Protein Content Are Affected by Ageing and Physical Exercise in Blood from Healthy Subjects. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3740345. [PMID: 29849887 PMCID: PMC5924988 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3740345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation may contribute to the beneficial effects of physical activity against age-related neurodegeneration. For example, epigenetic alterations of the gene encoding for α-synuclein (SNCA) have been widely explored in both brain and peripheral tissues of Parkinson's disease samples. However, no data are currently available about the effects of physical exercise on SNCA epigenetic regulation in ageing healthy subjects. The present paper explored whether, in healthy individuals, age and physical activity are related to blood intron1-SNCA (SNCAI1) methylation, as well as further parameters linked to such epigenetic modification (total, oligomeric α-synuclein and DNA methyltransferase concentrations in the blood). Here, the SNCAI1 methylation status increased with ageing, and consistent with this result, low α-synuclein levels were found in the blood. The direct relationship between SNCAI1 methylation and α-synuclein levels was observed in samples characterized by blood α-synuclein concentrations of 76.3 ng/mg protein or lower (confidence interval (CI) = 95%). In this selected population, higher physical activity reduced the total and oligomeric α-synuclein levels. Taken together, our data shed light on ageing- and physical exercise-induced changes on the SNCA methylation status and protein levels of α-synuclein.
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25
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Lin J, Wang S, Feng Y, Zhao W, Zhao W, Luo F, Feng N. Propofol exposure during early gestation impairs learning and memory in rat offspring by inhibiting the acetylation of histone. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2600-2611. [PMID: 29461008 PMCID: PMC5908131 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Propofol is widely used in clinical practice, including non-obstetric surgery in pregnant women. Previously, we found that propofol anaesthesia in maternal rats during the third trimester (E18) caused learning and memory impairment to the offspring rats, but how about the exposure during early pregnancy and the underlying mechanisms? Histone acetylation plays an important role in synaptic plasticity. In this study, propofol was administered to the pregnant rats in the early pregnancy (E7). The learning and memory function of the offspring were tested by Morris water maze (MWM) test on post-natal day 30. Two hours before each MWM trial, histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), Senegenin (SEN, traditional Chinese medicine), hippyragranin (HGN) antisense oligonucleotide (HGNA) or vehicle were given to the offspring. The protein levels of HDAC2, acetylated histone 3 (H3) and 4 (H4), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) 2 subunit B (NR2B), HGN and synaptophysin in offspring's hippocampus were determined by Western blot or immunofluorescence test. It was discovered that infusion with propofol in maternal rats on E7 leads to impairment of learning and memory in offspring, increased the protein levels of HDAC2 and HGN, decreased the levels of acetylated H3 and H4 and phosphorylated CREB, NR2B and synaptophysin. HDAC2 inhibitor SAHA, Senegenin or HGN antisense oligonucleotide reversed all the changes. Thus, present results indicate exposure to propofol during the early gestation impairs offspring's learning and memory via inhibiting histone acetylation. SAHA, Senegenin and HGN antisense oligonucleotide might have therapeutic value for the adverse effect of propofol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, the Eastern Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengqiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunlin Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Weihong Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Weilu Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Foquan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Namin Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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26
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Ji S, Ding X, Ji J, Wu H, Sun R, Li X, Zhang L, Tian Y. Cranial irradiation inhibits hippocampal neurogenesis via DNMT1 and DNMT3A. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:2899-2904. [PMID: 29435016 PMCID: PMC5778827 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairment of neurogenesis in the hippocampus following whole-brain irradiation is the most important mechanism of radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanism remains obscure, meaning an ideal therapeutic target has not been identified. Evidence indicates that DNA methylation in neurons regulates synaptic plasticity and neuronal network activity. In the present study, the expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in the hippocampus was analyzed to investigate their potential function in radiation-induced neurogenesis impairment. Sprague-Dawley rats were used throughout the present study, apportioned to the following groups: Control, radiation only, zebularine (a DNMT inhibitor) only, and radiation and zebularine together. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that radiation inhibited cellular proliferation and dendritic growth within new neurons of the hippocampus. In addition, western blot analysis demonstrated lower expression levels of DNMT1 and DNMT3A protein following radiation treatment compared with that in the non-irradiated control. Furthermore, compared with the radiation-only group, the radiation and zebularine group had significantly lower cell proliferative abilities, dendritic growth, and DNMT1 and DNMT3A protein levels. The results of the present study indicated that DNMT1 and DNMT3A may be involved in the pathogenesis of whole-brain radiation-induced neurogenesis impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Ji
- Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Ding
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Ji
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Haohao Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
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27
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Unnikrishnan A, Hadad N, Masser DR, Jackson J, Freeman WM, Richardson A. Revisiting the genomic hypomethylation hypothesis of aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1418:69-79. [PMID: 29363785 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The genomic hypomethylation hypothesis of aging proposes that an overall decrease in global DNA methylation occurs with age, and it has been argued that the decrease in global DNA methylation could be an important factor in aging, resulting in the relaxation of gene expression regulation and abnormal gene expression. Since it was initially observed that DNA methylation decreased with age in 1974, 16 articles have been published describing the effect of age on global DNA methylation in various tissues from rodents and humans. We critically reviewed the publications on the effect of age on DNA methylation and the expression of the enzymes involved in DNA methylation to evaluate the validity of the hypomethylation hypothesis of aging. On the basis of the current scientific literature, we conclude that a decrease in the global methylation of the genome occurs in most if not all tissues/cells as an animal ages. However, age-related changes in DNA methylation in specific regions or at specific sites in the genome occur even though the global DNA methylation does not change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Unnikrishnan
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Niran Hadad
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Department of Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Dustin R Masser
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jordan Jackson
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Willard M Freeman
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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28
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Singh P, Srivas S, Thakur MK. Epigenetic Regulation of Memory-Therapeutic Potential for Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:1208-1221. [PMID: 28393704 PMCID: PMC5725549 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170404144522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Memory is a vital function which declines in different physiological and pathological conditions such as aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Research in the past has reported that memory formation and consolidation require the precise expression of synaptic plasticity genes. However, little is known about the regulation of these genes. Epigenetic modification is now a well established mechanism that regulates synaptic plasticity genes and neuronal functions including memory. Therefore, we have reviewed the epigenetic regulation of memory and its therapeutic potential for memory dysfunction during aging and neurological disorders. METHOD Research reports and online contents relevant to epigenetic regulation of memory during physiological and pathological conditions have been compiled and discussed. RESULTS Epigenetic modifications include mainly DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, histone acetylation and methylation which involve chromatin modifying enzymes. These epigenetic marks change during memory formation and impairment due to dementia, aging and neurodegeneration. As the epigenetic modifications are reversible, they can be modulated by enzyme inhibitors leading to the recovery of memory. CONCLUSION Epigenetic modifications could be exploited as a potential therapeutic target to recover memory disorders during aging and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanabh Singh
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Sweta Srivas
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - M K Thakur
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
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29
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Kumar D, Thakur MK. Effect of perinatal exposure to Bisphenol-A on DNA methylation and histone acetylation in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of postnatal male mice. J Toxicol Sci 2017; 42:281-289. [PMID: 28496034 DOI: 10.2131/jts.42.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is an estrogenic endocrine disruptor mostly used for the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Recently we have reported that perinatal BPA exposure impaired spatial memory through upregulation of synaptic proteins Neurexin1 and Neuroligin3 in male mice. As epigenetic mechanism is a key regulator of memory, we hypothesized that BPA might influence memory through epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Here we provide evidence that perinatal exposure to BPA decreased 5-mC DNA but increased histone H3 acetylation in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of postnatal 3 and 8 weeks male mice. BPA exposure also increased mRNA levels of DNMT1 and DNMT3a in cerebral cortex of 3 and 8 weeks; whereas in hippocampus DNMT1 mRNA increased in 3 weeks but decreased in 8 weeks and DNMT3a showed no change. Further, HDAC2 mRNA and protein increased in cerebral cortex of both ages and in hippocampus it increased in 3 weeks but decreased in 8 weeks. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the perinatal BPA exposure induces epigenetic changes that possibly underlie the enduring effect of BPA on brain function and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Centre, Institute of Science, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Thakur
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Centre, Institute of Science, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, India
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30
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Montalvo-Ortiz JL, Fisher DW, Rodriguez G, Fang D, Csernansky JG, Dong H. Histone deacetylase inhibitors reverse age-related increases in side effects of haloperidol in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:2385-2398. [PMID: 28421257 PMCID: PMC5538925 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older patients can be especially susceptible to antipsychotic-induced side effects, and the pharmacodynamic mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. We hypothesized that age-related epigenetic alterations lead to decreased expression and functionality of the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R), contributing to this susceptibility. METHODS In this study, we treated young (2-3 months old) and aged (22-24 months old) C57BL/6 mice with the D2R antagonist haloperidol (HAL) once a day for 14 days to evaluate HAL-induced motor side effects. In addition, we pretreated separate groups of young and aged mice with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors valproic acid (VPA) or entinostat (MS-275) and then administered HAL. RESULTS Our results show that the motor side effects of HAL are exaggerated in aged mice as compared to young mice and that HDAC inhibitors are able to reverse the severity of these deficits. HAL-induced motor deficits in aged mice are associated with an age- and drug-dependent decrease in striatal D2R protein levels and functionality. Further, histone acetylation was reduced while histone tri-methylation was increased at specific lysine residues of H3 and H4 within the Drd2 promoter in the striatum of aged mice. HDAC inhibitors, particularly VPA, restored striatal D2R protein levels and functionality and reversed age- and drug-related histone modifications at the Drd2 promoter. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that epigenetic changes at the striatal Drd2 promoter drive age-related increases in antipsychotic side effect susceptibility, and HDAC inhibitors may be an effective adjunct treatment strategy to reduce side effects in aged populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janitza L. Montalvo-Ortiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daniel W. Fisher
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Guadalupe Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - John G. Csernansky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hongxin Dong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Ward 7-103, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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31
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Baghel MS, Thakur MK. Differential proteome profiling in the hippocampus of amnesic mice. Hippocampus 2017; 27:845-859. [PMID: 28449397 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Amnesia or memory loss is associated with brain aging and several neurodegenerative pathologies including Alzheimer's disease (AD). This can be induced by a cholinergic antagonist scopolamine but the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. This study of proteome profiling in the hippocampus could provide conceptual insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in amnesia. To reveal this, mice were administered scopolamine to induce amnesia and memory impairment was validated by novel object recognition test. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with MALDI-MS/MS, we have analyzed the hippocampal proteome and identified 18 proteins which were differentially expressed. Out of these proteins, 11 were downregulated and 7 were upregulated in scopolamine-treated mice as compared to control. In silico analysis showed that the majority of identified proteins are involved in metabolism, catalytic activity, and cytoskeleton architectural functions. STRING interaction network analysis revealed that majority of identified proteins exhibit common association with Actg1 cytoskeleton and Vdac1 energy transporter protein. Furthermore, interaction map analysis showed that Fascin1 and Coronin 1b individually interact with Actg1 and regulate the actin filament dynamics. Vdac1 was significantly downregulated in amnesic mice and showed interaction with other proteins in interaction network. Therefore, we silenced Vdac1 in the hippocampus of normal young mice and found similar impairment in recognition memory of Vdac1 silenced and scopolamine-treated mice. Thus, these findings suggest that Vdac1-mediated disruption of energy metabolism and cytoskeleton architecture might be involved in scopolamine-induced amnesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghraj Singh Baghel
- Department of Zoology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Thakur
- Department of Zoology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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32
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Ripoli C. Engrampigenetics: Epigenetics of engram memory cells. Behav Brain Res 2017; 325:297-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Singh P, Thakur MK. Histone Deacetylase 2 Inhibition Attenuates Downregulation of Hippocampal Plasticity Gene Expression during Aging. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2432-2442. [PMID: 28364391 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The brain undergoes several anatomical, biochemical, and molecular changes during aging, which subsequently result in downregulation of synaptic plasticity genes and decline of memory. However, the regulation of these genes during aging is not clearly understood. Previously, we reported that the expression of histone deacetylase (HDAC)2 was upregulated in the hippocampus of old mice and negatively correlated with the decline in recognition memory. As HDAC2 regulates key synaptic plasticity neuronal immediate early genes (IEGs), we have examined their expression and epigenetic regulation. We noted that the expression of neuronal IEGs decreased both at mRNA and protein level in the hippocampus of old mice. To explore the underlying regulation, we analyzed the binding of HDAC2 and level of histone acetylation at the promoter of neuronal IEGs. While the binding of HDAC2 was higher, H3K9 and H3K14 acetylation level was lower at the promoter of these genes in old as compared to young and adult mice. Further, we inhibited HDAC2 non-specifically by sodium butyrate and specifically by antisense oligonucleotide to recover epigenetic modification, expression of neuronal IEGs, and memory in old mice. Inhibition of HDAC2 increased histone H3K9 and H3K14 acetylation level at the promoter of neuronal IEGs, their expression, and recognition memory in old mice as compared to control. Thus, inhibition of HDAC2 can be used as a therapeutic target to recover decline in memory due to aging and associated neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanabh Singh
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - M K Thakur
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India.
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Bartolotti N, Segura L, Lazarov O. Diminished CRE-Induced Plasticity is Linked to Memory Deficits in Familial Alzheimer's Disease Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 50:477-89. [PMID: 26682682 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying impaired learning and memory in Alzheimer's disease is not fully elucidated. The phosphorylation of cyclic-AMP response element binding protein (pCREB) in the hippocampus is thought to be a critical initiating step in the formation of long-term memories. Here, we tested CRE-driven gene expression following learning in mice harboring the familial Alzheimer's disease-linked APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mutations using CRE-β galactosidase reporter. We show that young adult APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice exhibit impaired recognition memory and reduced levels of pCREB, and its cofactors CREB binding protein (CBP) and p-300 following a learning task, compared to their wild type littermate counterparts. Impairments in learning-induced activation of CREB in these mice are manifested by reduced CRE-driven gene transcription. Importantly, expression of the CRE-driven immediate early gene, Egr-1 (Zif268) is decreased in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. These studies implicate defective CREB-dependent plasticity in the mechanism underlying learning and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease.
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35
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Srivas S, Thakur MK. Epigenetic regulation of neuronal immediate early genes is associated with decline in their expression and memory consolidation in scopolamine-induced amnesic mice. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5107-5119. [PMID: 27553230 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we reported a correlation of scopolamine mediated decline in memory consolidation with increase in the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in the mouse hippocampus. Memory consolidation is a protein synthesis-dependent process which involves the expression of synaptic plasticity genes, particularly neuronal immediate early genes (IEGs). However, the mechanism of regulation of these genes during decline in memory is poorly understood. Therefore, we have studied the epigenetic regulation of expression of neuronal IEGs in scopolamine-induced amnesic mice. Scopolamine significantly impaired memory consolidation as tested by radial arm maze, and the expression of neuronal IEGs was downregulated in the hippocampus as revealed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Further, methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) analysis showed increase in DNA methylation, while chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) revealed decrease in H3K9/14 acetylation at the promoter of neuronal IEGs. Taken together, the present study shows that increased DNA methylation and decreased histone acetylation at the promoter of neuronal IEGs are associated with decline in their expression and memory consolidation during scopolamine-induced amnesia. These findings suggest that the epigenetic regulation through altered DNA methylation and histone acetylation might be explored further to develop potential therapeutic interventions for amnesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Srivas
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Mahendra K Thakur
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India.
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Hadad N, Masser DR, Logan S, Wronowski B, Mangold CA, Clark N, Otalora L, Unnikrishnan A, Ford MM, Giles CB, Wren JD, Richardson A, Sonntag WE, Stanford DR, Freeman W. Absence of genomic hypomethylation or regulation of cytosine-modifying enzymes with aging in male and female mice. Epigenetics Chromatin 2016; 9:30. [PMID: 27413395 PMCID: PMC4942942 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-016-0080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Changes to the epigenome with aging, and DNA modifications in particular, have been proposed as a central regulator of the aging process, a predictor of mortality, and a contributor to the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. In the central nervous system, control of learning and memory, neurogenesis, and plasticity require changes in cytosine methylation and hydroxymethylation. Although genome-wide decreases in methylation with aging are often reported as scientific dogma, primary research reports describe decreases, increases, or lack of change in methylation and hydroxymethylation and their principle regulators, DNA methyltransferases and ten-eleven translocation dioxygenases in the hippocampus. Furthermore, existing data are limited to only male animals. Results Through examination of the hippocampus in young, adult, and old male and female mice by antibody-based, pyrosequencing, and whole-genome oxidative bisulfite sequencing methods, we provide compelling evidence that contradicts the genomic hypomethylation theory of aging. We also demonstrate that expression of DNA methyltransferases and ten-eleven translocation dioxygenases is not differentially regulated with aging or between the sexes, including the proposed cognitive aging regulator DNMT3a2. Using oxidative bisulfite sequencing that discriminates methylation from hydroxymethylation and by cytosine (CG and non-CG) context, we observe sex differences in average CG methylation and hydroxymethylation of the X chromosome, and small age-related differences in hydroxymethylation of CG island shores and shelves, and methylation of promoter regions. Conclusion These findings clarify a long-standing misconception of the epigenomic response to aging and demonstrate the need for studies of base-specific methylation and hydroxymethylation with aging in both sexes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13072-016-0080-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niran Hadad
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, Oklahoma City, OK USA ; Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, SLY-BRC 1370, 975 NE 10th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Dustin R Masser
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, SLY-BRC 1370, 975 NE 10th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA ; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Sreemathi Logan
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, SLY-BRC 1370, 975 NE 10th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Benjamin Wronowski
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, SLY-BRC 1370, 975 NE 10th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA ; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Colleen A Mangold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Nicholas Clark
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, SLY-BRC 1370, 975 NE 10th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA ; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Laura Otalora
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, SLY-BRC 1370, 975 NE 10th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA ; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Archana Unnikrishnan
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, SLY-BRC 1370, 975 NE 10th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Matthew M Ford
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR USA
| | - Cory B Giles
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Jonathan D Wren
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, SLY-BRC 1370, 975 NE 10th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA ; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA ; Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA ; Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - William E Sonntag
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, SLY-BRC 1370, 975 NE 10th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA ; Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - David R Stanford
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, SLY-BRC 1370, 975 NE 10th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA ; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Willard Freeman
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, Oklahoma City, OK USA ; Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, SLY-BRC 1370, 975 NE 10th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA ; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA ; Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
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Konar A, Singh P, Thakur MK. Age-associated Cognitive Decline: Insights into Molecular Switches and Recovery Avenues. Aging Dis 2016; 7:121-9. [PMID: 27114845 PMCID: PMC4809604 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2015.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated cognitive decline is an inevitable phenomenon that predisposes individuals for neurological and psychiatric disorders eventually affecting the quality of life. Scientists have endeavored to identify the key molecular switches that drive cognitive decline with advancing age. These newly identified molecules are then targeted as recovery of cognitive aging and related disorders. Cognitive decline during aging is multi-factorial and amongst several factors influencing this trajectory, gene expression changes are pivotal. Identifying these genes would elucidate the neurobiological underpinnings as well as offer clues that make certain individuals resilient to withstand the inevitable age-related deteriorations. Our laboratory has focused on this aspect and investigated a wide spectrum of genes involved in crucial brain functions that attribute to senescence induced cognitive deficits. We have recently identified master switches in the epigenome regulating gene expression alteration during brain aging. Interestingly, these factors when manipulated by chemical or genetic strategies successfully reverse the age-related cognitive impairments. In the present article, we review findings from our laboratory and others combined with supporting literary evidences on molecular switches of brain aging and their potential as recovery targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Konar
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Padmanabh Singh
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Mahendra K Thakur
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Sanchez-Mut JV, Gräff J. Epigenetic Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:347. [PMID: 26734709 PMCID: PMC4681781 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the major cause of dementia in Western societies. It progresses asymptomatically during decades before being belatedly diagnosed when therapeutic strategies have become unviable. Although several genetic alterations have been associated with AD, the vast majority of AD cases do not show strong genetic underpinnings and are thus considered a consequence of non-genetic factors. Epigenetic mechanisms allow for the integration of long-lasting non-genetic inputs on specific genetic backgrounds, and recently, a growing number of epigenetic alterations in AD have been described. For instance, an accumulation of dysregulated epigenetic mechanisms in aging, the predominant risk factor of AD, might facilitate the onset of the disease. Likewise, mutations in several enzymes of the epigenetic machinery have been associated with neurodegenerative processes that are altered in AD such as impaired learning and memory formation. Genome-wide and locus-specific epigenetic alterations have also been reported, and several epigenetically dysregulated genes validated by independent groups. From these studies, a picture emerges of AD as being associated with DNA hypermethylation and histone deacetylation, suggesting a general repressed chromatin state and epigenetically reduced plasticity in AD. Here we review these recent findings and discuss several technical and methodological considerations that are imperative for their correct interpretation. We also pay particular focus on potential implementations and theoretical frameworks that we expect will help to better direct future studies aimed to unravel the epigenetic participation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V Sanchez-Mut
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory - UPGRAEFF, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Gräff
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory - UPGRAEFF, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
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Gomazkov OA. [Signaling molecules in the brain and epigenetic factors in neurodegenerative and mental disorders]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2015; 115:102-110. [PMID: 26649375 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2015115101102-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The literature on a role of signaling molecules in the organization of memory and cognitive functions is analyzed basing on mechanisms of memory physiology determined by a complex of biochemical processes initiated by the transmission of the signal to the synapse and completed by the synthesis of functionally significant molecules in the neuronal genetic apparatus. The center of these processes is a coordinated system of signal transduction, transcription, epigenetic and neurotrophic molecules. The dissonance of signal mechanisms is a prime cause of memory impairment and cognitive dysfunction as social maladaptation factors. The results of experimental and clinical studies of a role of the multilevel signaling system in age-related, neurodegenerative (Alzheimer’s disease) and mental (depression) disorders are discussed. At the same time, signaling molecules may be considered as particular targets for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Gomazkov
- Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow
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Singh P, Konar A, Kumar A, Srivas S, Thakur MK. Hippocampal chromatin-modifying enzymes are pivotal for scopolamine-induced synaptic plasticity gene expression changes and memory impairment. J Neurochem 2015; 134:642-51. [PMID: 25982413 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The amnesic potential of scopolamine is well manifested through synaptic plasticity gene expression changes and behavioral paradigms of memory impairment. However, the underlying mechanism remains obscure and consequently ideal therapeutic target is lacking. In this context, chromatin-modifying enzymes, which regulate memory gene expression changes, deserve major attention. Therefore, we analyzed the expression of chromatin-modifying enzymes and recovery potential of enzyme modulators in scopolamine-induced amnesia. Scopolamine administration drastically up-regulated DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1) and HDAC2 expression while CREB-binding protein (CBP), DNMT3a and DNMT3b remained unaffected. HDAC inhibitor sodium butyrate and DNMT inhibitor Aza-2'deoxycytidine recovered scopolamine-impaired hippocampal-dependent memory consolidation with concomitant increase in the expression of synaptic plasticity genes Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Arc and level of histone H3K9 and H3K14 acetylation and decrease in DNA methylation level. Sodium butyrate showed more pronounced effect than Aza-2'deoxycytidine and their co-administration did not exhibit synergistic effect on gene expression. Taken together, we showed for the first time that scopolamine-induced up-regulation of chromatin-modifying enzymes, HDAC2 and DNMT1, leads to gene expression changes and consequent decline in memory consolidation. Our findings on the action of scopolamine as an epigenetic modulator can pave a path for ideal therapeutic targets. We propose the following putative pathway for scopolamine-mediated memory impairment; scopolamine up-regulates hippocampal DNMT1 and HDAC2 expression, induces methylation and deacetylation of BDNF and Arc promoter, represses gene expression and eventually impairs memory consolidation. On the other hand, Aza-2 and NaB inhibit DNMT1 and HDAC2 respectively, up-regulate BDNF and Arc expression and recover memory consolidation. We elucidate the action of scopolamine as an epigenetic modulator and hope that DNMT1 and HDAC2 would be ideal therapeutic targets for memory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanabh Singh
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Arpita Konar
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sweta Srivas
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mahendra K Thakur
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Pandey SP, Rai R, Gaur P, Prasad S. Development- and age-related alterations in the expression of AMPA receptor subunit GluR2 and its trafficking proteins in the hippocampus of male mouse brain. Biogerontology 2015; 16:317-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-014-9548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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