1
|
Saneh H, Wanczyk H, Walker J, Finck C. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: a potential intervention for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03471-2. [PMID: 39251881 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Despite advances in neonatal care, the incidence of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) remains high among extreme preterm infants. The pathogenesis of BPD is multifactorial, with inflammation playing a central role. There is strong evidence that stem cell therapy reduces inflammatory changes and restores normal lung morphology in animal models of hyperoxia-induced lung injury. These therapeutic effects occur without significant engraftment of the stem cells in the host lung, suggesting more of a paracrine mechanism mediated by their secretome. In addition, there are multiple concerns with stem cell therapy which may be alleviated by administering only the effective vesicles instead of the cells themselves. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived components secreted by most eukaryotic cells. They can deliver their bioactive cargo (mRNAs, microRNAs, proteins, growth factors) to recipient cells, which makes them a potential therapeutic vehicle in many diseases, including BPD. The following review will highlight recent studies that investigate the effectiveness of EVs derived from stem cells in preventing or repairing injury in the preterm lung, and the potential mechanisms of action that have been proposed. Current limitations will also be discussed as well as suggestions for advancing the field and easing the transition towards clinical translation in evolving or established BPD. IMPACT: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from stem cells are a potential intervention for neonatal lung diseases. Their use might alleviate the safety concerns associated with stem cell therapy. This review highlights recent studies that investigate the effectiveness of stem cell-derived EVs in preclinical models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. It adds to the existing literature by elaborating on the challenges associated with EV research. It also provides suggestions to advance the field and ease the transition towards clinical applications. Optimizing EV research could ultimately improve the quality of life of extreme preterm infants born at vulnerable stages of lung development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hala Saneh
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Heather Wanczyk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Joanne Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Christine Finck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shi L, Zeng H, An Z, Chen W, Shan Y, Ji C, Qian H. Extracellular vesicles: Illuminating renal pathophysiology and therapeutic frontiers. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176720. [PMID: 38880217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are minute sacs released by cells into the extracellular milieu, harboring an array of biomolecules including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Notably, a large number of studies have demonstrated the important involvement of EVs in both physiological and pathological aspects of renal function. EVs can facilitate communication between different renal cells, but it is important to recognize their dual role: they can either transmit beneficial information or lead to renal damage and worsening of existing conditions. The composition of EVs in the context of the kidneys offers valuable insights into the intricate mechanisms underlying specific renal functions or disease states. In addition, mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs have the potential to alleviate acute and chronic kidney diseases. More importantly, the innate nanoparticle properties of EVs, coupled with their engineering potential, make them effective tools for drug delivery and therapeutic intervention. In this review, we focus on the intricate biological functions of EVs in the kidney. In addition, we explore the emerging role of EVs as diagnostic tools and innovative therapeutic agents in a range of renal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linru Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Houcheng Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongwu An
- Department of Laboratory, Lianyungang Oriental Hospital, Lianyungang, 222042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenya Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunjie Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fiorentino M, Philippe R, Palumbo CA, Prenna S, Cantaluppi V, Rosa SD. Epigenetic Mechanisms in Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 45:491-502. [PMID: 39208853 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1789240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis, the dysregulated immune response of the host to infections, leads to numerous complications, including multiple organ dysfunction with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) being a frequent complication associated with increased risk of mortality and the progression toward chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several mechanisms have been widely investigated in understanding the complex pathophysiology of SA-AKI, including hemodynamic alterations, inflammation, oxidative stress, and direct cellular injury driven by pathogens or cell-derived products (pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns). Despite advancements in the management of septic patients, the prognosis of SA-AKI patients remains significantly poor and is associated with high in-hospital mortality and adverse long-term outcomes. Therefore, recent research has focused on the early identification of specific SA-AKI endotypes and subphenotypes through epigenetic analysis and the use of potential biomarkers, either alone or in combination with clinical data, to improve prognosis. Epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNA modulation, is crucial in modulating gene expression in response to stress and renal injury in SA-AKI. At the same time, these modifications are dynamic and reversible processes that can alter gene expression in several pathways implicated in the context of SA-AKI, including inflammation, immune response, and tolerance status. In addition, specific epigenetic modifications may exacerbate renal damage by causing persistent inflammation or cellular metabolic reprogramming, leading to progression toward CKD. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the epigenetic characteristics that define SA-AKI, also exploring targeted therapies that can improve patient outcomes and limit the chronic progression of this syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fiorentino
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Reginald Philippe
- Centre for Medical Sciences - CISMed, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Carmen A Palumbo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Prenna
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Hospital, APSS Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Silva De Rosa
- Centre for Medical Sciences - CISMed, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aghayan AH, Mirazimi Y, Fateh K, Keshtkar A, Rafiee M, Atashi A. Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in sepsis: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:1480-1500. [PMID: 38814410 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a life-threatening disorder with no definitive cure. Preclinical studies suggest that extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (EV-MSCs) can mitigate inflammatory conditions, potentially leading to increased survival and reduced organ dysfunction during sepsis. Our aim to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis is assessing the EV-MSCs therapeutic efficacy in sepsis. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Scopus, WOS and ProQuest databases and also Google Scholar search engine were searched for published articles. We used hazard ratio (HR) and standardized mean difference (SMD) as effect sizes to evaluate the therapeutic effect of EV-MSCs on survival rate and determine their effect on reducing organ dysfunction, respectively. Finally, we employed GRADE tool for preclinical animal studies to evaluate certainty of the evidence. RESULTS 30 studies met the inclusion criteria for our article. Our meta-analysis results demonstrate that animals treated with MSC-EVs have better survival rate than untreated animals (HR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.27-0.41). Our meta-analysis suggests that EV-MSCs can reduce organ dysfunctions in sepsis, such as the lung, kidney, and liver. Additionally, EV-MSCs decrease pro-inflammatory mediators like TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that EV-MSCs can be as promising therapy for sepsis management in animal models and leading to increased survival rate and reduced organ dysfunction. Furthermore, our study introduces a novel tool for risk of bias assessment and provides recommendations based on various analysis. Future studies with aiming to guide clinical translation can utilize the results of this article to establish stronger evidence for EV-MSC effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Aghayan
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Yasin Mirazimi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Kosar Fateh
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Keshtkar
- Department of Health Sciences Education Development, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rafiee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Amir Atashi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xiao Y, Yuan Y, Hu D, Wang H. Exosome-Derived microRNA: Potential Target for Diagnosis and Treatment of Sepsis. J Immunol Res 2024; 2024:4481452. [PMID: 39104595 PMCID: PMC11300089 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4481452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as pivotal players in the pathophysiology of sepsis, representing a new frontier in both the diagnosis and treatment of this complex condition. Sepsis, a severe systemic response to infection, involves intricate immune and nonimmune mechanisms, where exosome-mediated communication can significantly influence disease progression and outcomes. During the progress of sepsis, the miRNA profile of exosomes undergoes notable alterations, is reflecting, and may affect the progression of the disease. This review comprehensively explores the biology of exosome-derived miRNAs, which originate from both immune cells (such as macrophages and dendritic cells) and nonimmune cells (such as endothelial and epithelial cells) and play a dynamic role in modulating pathways that affect the course of sepsis, including those related to inflammation, immune response, cell survival, and apoptosis. Taking into account these dynamic changes, we further discuss the potential of exosome-derived miRNAs as biomarkers for the early detection and prognosis of sepsis and advantages over traditional biomarkers due to their stability and specificity. Furthermore, this review evaluates exosome-based therapeutic miRNA delivery systems in sepsis, which may pave the way for targeted modulation of the septic response and personalized treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Xiao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous SurgeryXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yixuan Yuan
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous SurgeryXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous SurgeryXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous SurgeryXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ahangari F, Soudi S, Ghaffari Khaligh S, Mirsanei Z, Soufihasanabad S, Ebadi Asl P, Mahmoud Hashemi S. Combinational therapy of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles and azithromycin improves clinical and histopathological recovery in CLP sepsis model. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112732. [PMID: 39053229 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a syndrome that occurs following an infection and marked by severe inflammatory responses, and if not treated in time, it can lead to multi-organ failure syndrome and death. This study examines the effects of a novel combination therapy using azithromycin and mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) on a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis. METHODS Human Wharton's jelly-mesenchymal stem cells were cultured, characterized, and used to extract EVs. The CLP sepsis model was induced in mice, followed by treatments: saline, AZM, EVs, and combination therapy (A+E). Clinical sepsis scores were recorded 24 h post-treatment. Serum, peritoneal fluid, and organ tissues (kidney, liver, lung) were collected and analyzed for biochemical parameters (AST ALT, and creatinine), inflammatory markers, bacterial load, and histopathological changes. RESULTS The A+E combined treatment improved the clinical scores of septic mice. The administration of A+E reduced bacterial loads in the peritoneum of septic mice, contributing to effective control of infection. Inflammatory markers of neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio (NLR) and TNF-α serum levels were significantly lower in the combinational therapy group, indicating significant anti-inflammatory effect of this combination. Additionally, combination of AZM and EVs alleviated organ damage mainly within liver, kidneys and lungs. Based on histopathological assessments and biochemical parameters, there was diminished tissue damage as well as reduced inflammation, which is correlated with improved functions of these vital organs. CONCLUSION The combined use of azithromycin and EVs offers a promising therapeutic approach for sepsis by effectively controlling infection and modulating the inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ahangari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Mirsanei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Soufihasanabad
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pedram Ebadi Asl
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qian Z, Zhang X, Huang J, Niu X, Zhu C, Tai Z, Zhu Q, Chen Z, Zhu T, Wu G. ROS-responsive MSC-derived Exosome Mimetics Carrying MHY1485 Alleviate Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury through Multiple Mechanisms. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:24853-24863. [PMID: 38882096 PMCID: PMC11170644 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Renal ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is a prevalent inflammatory nephropathy in surgeries such as renal transplantation or partial nephrectomy, damaging renal function through inducing inflammation and cell death in renal tubules. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC)-based therapies, common treatments to attenuate inflammation in IR diseases, fail to exhibit satisfying effects on cell death in renal IR. In this study, we prepared MSC-derived exosome mimetics (EMs) carrying the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) agonist to protect kidneys in proinflammatory environments under IR conditions. The thioketal-modified EMs carried the mTOR agonist and bioactive molecules in MSCs and responsively released them in kidney IR areas. MSC-derived EMs and mTOR agonists protected kidneys synergistically from IR through alleviating inflammation, apoptosis, and ferroptosis. The current study indicates that MSC-TK-MHY1485 EMs (MTM-EM) are promising therapeutic biomaterials for renal IR injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Qian
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 170 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Jiahua Huang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai 201500, China
| | - Xinhao Niu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 170 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Cuisong Zhu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai 201500, China
| | - Zongguang Tai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Tongyu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 170 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Guoyi Wu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai 201500, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang D, Shen H, Xie F, Hu D, Jin Q, Hu Y, Zhong T. Role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in the regeneration of different tissues. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:36. [PMID: 38845032 PMCID: PMC11155050 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanovesicles with multiple components used in several applications. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are well known for their great potential in clinical applications. MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have been shown to mediate tissue regeneration in various diseases, including neurological, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases, cancer, ischemic heart disease, lung injury, and liver fibrosis. They can modulate the immune response by interacting with immune effector cells in the presence of anti-inflammatory compounds and are involved in intercellular communication through various types of cargo. This review summarizes the MSC-Exos-mediated tissue regeneration in various diseases, including neurological, cardiovascular, liver, kidney, articular cartilage, and oral tissue applications. In addition, we discuss the challenges and prospects of MSC-Exos in tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Defa Huang
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Haibin Shen
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Xie
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Die Hu
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qing Jin
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yuexin Hu
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
- Precision Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Moghaddam MM, Behzadi E, Sedighian H, Goleij Z, Kachuei R, Heiat M, Fooladi AAI. Regulation of immune responses to infection through interaction between stem cell-derived exosomes and toll-like receptors mediated by microRNA cargoes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1384420. [PMID: 38756232 PMCID: PMC11096519 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1384420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are among the factors that account for a significant proportion of disease-related deaths worldwide. The primary treatment approach to combat microbial infections is the use of antibiotics. However, the widespread use of these drugs over the past two decades has led to the emergence of resistant microbial species, making the control of microbial infections a serious challenge. One of the most important solutions in the field of combating infectious diseases is the regulation of the host's defense system. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the first primary defense against pathogens by identifying harmful endogenous molecules released from dying cells and damaged tissues as well as invading microbial agents. Therefore, they play an important role in communicating and regulating innate and adaptive immunity. Of course, excessive activation of TLRs can lead to disruption of immune homeostasis and increase the risk of inflammatory reactions. Targeting TLR signaling pathways has emerged as a new therapeutic approach for infectious diseases based on host-directed therapy (HDT). In recent years, stem cell-derived exosomes have received significant attention as factors regulating the immune system. The regulation effects of exosomes on the immune system are based on the HDT strategy, which is due to their cargoes. In general, the mechanism of action of stem cell-derived exosomes in HDT is by regulating and modulating immunity, promoting tissue regeneration, and reducing host toxicity. One of their most important cargoes is microRNAs, which have been shown to play a significant role in regulating immunity through TLRs. This review investigates the therapeutic properties of stem cell-derived exosomes in combating infections through the interaction between exosomal microRNAs and Toll-like receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Moosazadeh Moghaddam
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Behzadi
- The Academy of Medical Sciences of I.R. Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Sedighian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zoleikha Goleij
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Kachuei
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Heiat
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li T, Yang K, Gao W, Peng F, Zou X. Cellular senescence in acute kidney injury: Target and opportunity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 706:149744. [PMID: 38479244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical disease with a high incidence and mortality rate. It typically arises from hemodynamic alterations, sepsis, contrast agents, and toxic drugs, instigating a series of events that culminate in tissue and renal damage. This sequence of processes often leads to acute renal impairment, prompting the initiation of a repair response. Cellular senescence is an irreversible arrest of the cell cycle. Studies have shown that renal cellular senescence is closely associated with AKI through several mechanisms, including the promotion of oxidative stress and inflammatory response, telomere shortening, and the down-regulation of klotho expression. Exploring the role of cellular senescence in AKI provides innovative therapeutic ideas for both the prevention and treatment of AKI. Furthermore, it has been observed that targeted removal of senescent cells in vivo can efficiently postpone senescence, resulting in an enhanced prognosis for diseases associated with senescence. This article explores the effects of common anti-senescence drugs senolytics and senostatic and lifestyle interventions on renal diseases, and mentions the rapid development of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These studies have taken senescence-related research to a new level. Overall, this article comprehensively summarizes the studies on cellular senescence in AKI, aiming is to elucidate the relationship between cellular senescence and AKI, and explore treatment strategies to improve the prognosis of AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
| | - Kexin Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Fujun Peng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Xiangyu Zou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhou Z, Shi L, Chen B, Qian H. Regulation of regulated cell death by extracellular vesicles in acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 76:99-111. [PMID: 38182464 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The imbalance between proliferation and death of kidney resident cells is a crucial factor in the development of acute or chronic renal dysfunction. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is often associated with the rapid loss of tubular epithelial cells (TECs). Sustained injury leads to the loss of glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) and podocytes, which is a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of glomerular diseases. This irreversible damage resulting from progressive cell loss eventually leads to deterioration of renal function characterized by glomerular compensatory hypertrophy, tubular degeneration, and renal fibrosis. Regulated cell death (RCD), which involves a cascade of gene expression events with tight structures, plays a certain role in regulating kidney health by determining the fate of kidney resident cells. Under pathological conditions, cells in the nephron have been demonstrated to constitutively release extracellular vesicles (EVs) which act as messengers that specifically interact with recipient cells to regulate their cell death process. For therapeutic intervention, exogenous EVs have exhibited great potential for the prevention and treatment of kidney disease by modulating RCD, with enhanced effects through engineering modification. Based on the functional role of EVs, this review comprehensively explores the regulation of RCD by EVs in AKI and chronic kidney disease (CKD), with emphasis on pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine of Jiangsu University, Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linru Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Binghai Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine of Jiangsu University, Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Institute of Translational Medicine of Jiangsu University, Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ba X, Ye T, Shang H, Tong Y, Huang Q, He Y, Wu J, Deng W, Zhong Z, Yang X, Wang K, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Guo X, Tang K. Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for the Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:12117-12148. [PMID: 38421602 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious clinical syndrome with high morbidity, elevated mortality, and poor prognosis, commonly considered a "sword of Damocles" for hospitalized patients, especially those in intensive care units. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, caused by the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), play a key role in AKI progression. Hence, the investigation of effective and safe antioxidants and inflammatory regulators to scavenge overexpressed ROS and regulate excessive inflammation has become a promising therapeutic option. However, the unique physiological structure and complex pathological alterations in the kidneys render traditional therapies ineffective, impeding the residence and efficacy of most antioxidant and anti-inflammatory small molecule drugs within the renal milieu. Recently, nanotherapeutic interventions have emerged as a promising and prospective strategy for AKI, overcoming traditional treatment dilemmas through alterations in size, shape, charge, and surface modifications. This Review succinctly summarizes the latest advancements in nanotherapeutic approaches for AKI, encompassing nanozymes, ROS scavenger nanomaterials, MSC-EVs, and nanomaterials loaded with antioxidants and inflammatory regulator. Following this, strategies aimed at enhancing biocompatibility and kidney targeting are introduced. Furthermore, a brief discussion on the current challenges and future prospects in this research field is presented, providing a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of nanotherapeutic interventions for AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuo Ba
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Haojie Shang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yonghua Tong
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qiu Huang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wen Deng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zichen Zhong
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kangyang Wang
- Department of Urology, Wenchang People's Hospital, Wenchang 571300, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yabin Xie
- Department of Urology, Wenchang People's Hospital, Wenchang 571300, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- GuiZhou University Medical College, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiaolin Guo
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pei L, Li R, Wang X, Xu D, Gong F, Chen W, Zheng X, Liu W, Zhao S, Wang Q, Mao E, Chen E, Chen Y, Yang Z. MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate sepsis-associated liver dysfunction by inhibiting macrophage glycolysis-mediated inflammatory response. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111575. [PMID: 38280334 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated liver dysfunction (SALD) aggravates the disease progression and prognosis of patients. Macrophages in the liver play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of SALD. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), by secreting extracellular vesicles (EVs), show beneficial effects in various inflammatory diseases. However, whether MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) could ameliorate the inflammatory response in liver macrophages and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, a mouse model of sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge was used to investigate the immunomodulatory functions of MSC-EVs in SALD. LPS-stimulated primary Kupffer cells (KCs) and Raw264.7 were used to further explore the potential mechanisms of MSC-EVs in regulating the inflammatory response of macrophages. The results showed that MSC-EVs alleviated liver tissue injury and facilitated the polarization of M1 to M2 macrophages. Further in vitro studies confirmed that MSC-EVs treatment significantly downregulated the expression of several enzymes related to glycolysis and reduced the glycolytic flux by inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression, thus effectively inhibiting the inflammatory responses of macrophages. These findings reveal that the application of MSC-EVs might be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating SALD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pei
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ranran Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangchen Gong
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangtao Zheng
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanzhi Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Enqiang Mao
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Erzhen Chen
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhitao Yang
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Miron RJ, Estrin NE, Sculean A, Zhang Y. Understanding exosomes: Part 2-Emerging leaders in regenerative medicine. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:257-414. [PMID: 38591622 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are the smallest subset of extracellular signaling vesicles secreted by most cells with the ability to communicate with other tissues and cell types over long distances. Their use in regenerative medicine has gained tremendous momentum recently due to their ability to be utilized as therapeutic options for a wide array of diseases/conditions. Over 5000 publications are currently being published yearly on this topic, and this number is only expected to dramatically increase as novel therapeutic strategies continue to be developed. Today exosomes have been applied in numerous contexts including neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease, central nervous system, depression, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, post-traumatic stress disorders, traumatic brain injury, peripheral nerve injury), damaged organs (heart, kidney, liver, stroke, myocardial infarctions, myocardial infarctions, ovaries), degenerative processes (atherosclerosis, diabetes, hematology disorders, musculoskeletal degeneration, osteoradionecrosis, respiratory disease), infectious diseases (COVID-19, hepatitis), regenerative procedures (antiaging, bone regeneration, cartilage/joint regeneration, osteoarthritis, cutaneous wounds, dental regeneration, dermatology/skin regeneration, erectile dysfunction, hair regrowth, intervertebral disc repair, spinal cord injury, vascular regeneration), and cancer therapy (breast, colorectal, gastric cancer and osteosarcomas), immune function (allergy, autoimmune disorders, immune regulation, inflammatory diseases, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis). This scoping review is a first of its kind aimed at summarizing the extensive regenerative potential of exosomes over a broad range of diseases and disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nathan E Estrin
- Advanced PRF Education, Venice, Florida, USA
- School of Dental Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim MJ, Ahn HJ, Kong D, Lee S, Kim DH, Kang KS. Modeling of solar UV-induced photodamage on the hair follicles in human skin organoids. J Tissue Eng 2024; 15:20417314241248753. [PMID: 38725732 PMCID: PMC11080775 DOI: 10.1177/20417314241248753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet (sUV) exposure is known to cause skin damage. However, the pathological mechanisms of sUV on hair follicles have not been extensively explored. Here, we established a model of sUV-exposed skin and its appendages using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived skin organoids with planar morphology containing hair follicles. Our model closely recapitulated several symptoms of photodamage, including skin barrier disruption, extracellular matrix degradation, and inflammatory response. Specifically, sUV induced structural damage and catagenic transition in hair follicles. As a potential therapeutic agent for hair follicles, we applied exosomes isolated from human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells to sUV-exposed organoids. As a result, exosomes effectively alleviated inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB activation, thereby suppressing structural damage and promoting hair follicle regeneration. Ultimately, our model provided a valuable platform to mimic skin diseases, particularly those involving hair follicles, and to evaluate the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of potential therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Kim
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Ahn
- Cytotherapy R&D Center, PRIMORIS THERAPEUTICS CO., LTD., Gwangmyeong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Kong
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Lee
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Bioengineering Institute, Global R&D Center, Kangstem Biotech Co., Ltd., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hyun Kim
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jin C, Cao Y, Li Y. Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells Origin Exosomes are Effective Against Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rat Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7745-7758. [PMID: 38144514 PMCID: PMC10743757 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s417627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The incidence and mortality rates of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (SAKI) remain high, posing a substantial healthcare burden. Studies have implicated a connection between the development of SAKI and inflammation response, apoptosis, and autophagy. Moreover, evidence suggests that manipulating autophagy could potentially influence the prognosis of this condition. Notably, exosomes derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs-Exo) have exhibited promise in mitigating cellular damage by modulating pathways associated with inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Thus, this study aims to investigate the influence of BMSCs-Exo on SAKI and the potential mechanisms that drive this impact. Methods The SAKI model was induced in HK-2 cells using lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while rats underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to simulate the condition. Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 kit, and kidney damage was evaluated through HE staining, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (SCr) measurements. Inflammatory-related RNAs and proteins were quantified via qPCR and ELISA, respectively. Apoptosis was determined through apoptosis-related protein levels, flow cytometry, and TUNEL staining. Western blot analysis was utilized to measure associated protein expressions. Results In vivo, BMSCs-Exo ameliorated kidney injury in CLP-induced SAKI rats, reducing inflammatory cytokine production and apoptosis levels. Fluorescence microscope observed the absorption of BMSCs-Exo by renal cells following injection via tail vein. In the SAKI rat kidney tissue, there was an upregulation of LC3-II/LC3-I, p62, and phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) expressions, indicating blocked autophagic flux, while phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) expression was downregulated. However, BMSCs-Exo enhanced LC3-II/LC3-I and p-AMPK expression, concurrently reducing p62 and p-mTOR levels. In vitro, BMSCs-Exo enhanced cell viability in LPS-treated HK-2 cells, and exerted anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis effects which were consistent with the results in vivo. Similarly, rapamycin (Rapa) exhibited a protective effect comparable to BMSCs-Exo, albeit partially abrogated by 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Conclusion BMSCs-Exo mitigate inflammation and apoptosis through autophagy in SAKI, offering a promising avenue for SAKI treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingchuan Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Park S, Kim S, Lim K, Shin Y, Song K, Kang GH, Kim DY, Shin HC, Cho SG. Thermostable Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Enhances the Production and Activity of Human Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16460. [PMID: 38003648 PMCID: PMC10671285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cell (WJ-MSC)-derived exosomes contain a diverse cargo and exhibit remarkable biological activity, rendering them suitable for regenerative and immune-modulating functions. However, the quantity of secretion is insufficient. A large body of prior work has investigated the use of various growth factors to enhance MSC-derived exosome production. In this study, we evaluated the utilization of thermostable basic fibroblast growth factor (TS-bFGF) with MSC culture and exosome production. MSCs cultured with TS-bFGF displayed superior proliferation, as evidenced by cell cycle analysis, compared with wild-type bFGF (WT-bFGF). Stemness was assessed through mRNA expression level and colony-forming unit (CFU) assays. Furthermore, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) measurements revealed that MSCs cultured with TS-bFGF produced a greater quantity of exosomes, particularly under three-dimensional culture conditions. These produced exosomes demonstrated substantial anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects, as confirmed by nitric oxide (NO) assays and scratch assays. Taken together, we demonstrate that utilization of TS-bFGF for WJ-MSC-derived exosome production not only increases exosome yield but also enhances the potential for various applications in inflammation regulation and wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- SangRok Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (K.L.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (G.-H.K.)
| | - SeJong Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (K.L.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (G.-H.K.)
- R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 307 KU Technology Innovation Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - KyungMin Lim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (K.L.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (G.-H.K.)
- R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 307 KU Technology Innovation Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - YeoKyung Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (K.L.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (G.-H.K.)
- R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 307 KU Technology Innovation Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonwoo Song
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (K.L.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (G.-H.K.)
- R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 307 KU Technology Innovation Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Ho Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (K.L.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (G.-H.K.)
- R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 307 KU Technology Innovation Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Kim
- PnP Biopharm Co., Ltd., 1304, Acetechnotower 8-cha, 11 Digital-ro 33-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul 08380, Republic of Korea; (D.Y.K.); (H.-C.S.)
| | - Hang-Cheol Shin
- PnP Biopharm Co., Ltd., 1304, Acetechnotower 8-cha, 11 Digital-ro 33-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul 08380, Republic of Korea; (D.Y.K.); (H.-C.S.)
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (S.K.); (K.L.); (Y.S.); (K.S.); (G.-H.K.)
- R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 307 KU Technology Innovation Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang X, Wang J, Zhang J, Tan Y, Li Y, Peng Z. Exosomes Highlight Future Directions in the Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15568. [PMID: 37958550 PMCID: PMC10650293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. It currently lacks specific therapeutic strategies. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying the actions of exosomes derived from different cell sources, including red blood cells, macrophages, monocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and renal tubular cells, in AKI. We also investigate the effects of various exosome contents (such as miRNA, lncRNA, circRNA, mRNA, and proteins) in promoting renal tubular cell regeneration and angiogenesis, regulating autophagy, suppressing inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, and preventing fibrosis to facilitate AKI repair. Moreover, we highlight the interactions between macrophages and renal tubular cells through exosomes, which contribute to the progression of AKI. Additionally, exosomes and their contents show promise as potential biomarkers for diagnosing AKI. The engineering of exosomes has improved their clinical potential by enhancing isolation and enrichment, target delivery to injured renal tissues, and incorporating small molecular modifications for clinical use. However, further research is needed to better understand the specific mechanisms underlying exosome actions, their delivery pathways to renal tubular cells, and the application of multi-omics research in studying AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.T.)
- Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.T.)
- Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.T.)
- Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yuwei Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.T.)
- Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.T.)
- Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhiyong Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.T.)
- Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center of Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jin X, Sun H, Yang L. How Extracellular Nano-Vesicles Can Play a Role in Sepsis? An Evidence-Based Review of the Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5797-5814. [PMID: 37869065 PMCID: PMC10588718 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s427116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory reaction caused by infection. Severe sepsis can lead to multiple organ dysfunction, with a high incidence rate and mortality. The molecular pathogenesis of sepsis is complex and diverse. In recent years, with further study of the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in inflammatory diseases, it has been found that EVs play a dual role in the imbalance of inflammatory response in sepsis. Due to the great advantages such as lower toxicity, lower immunogenicity compared with stem cells and better circulation stability, EVs are increasingly used for the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis. The roles of EVs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of sepsis were summarized to guide further clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Jin
- Department of International Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of International Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cheng X, Wang S, Li Z, He D, Wu J, Ding W. IL-1β-pretreated bone mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes alleviate septic endoplasmic reticulum stress via regulating SIRT1/ERK pathway. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20124. [PMID: 37771539 PMCID: PMC10522952 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a crucial role in the development of organ injury caused by sepsis. Therefore, it is highly important to devise strategies that specially target ER stress for the treatment of sepsis. Previous research has shown that priming chemokines can enhance the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this study, we aimed to investigate the function and mechanism of exosomes derived from MSCs that were pretreated with IL-1β (IB-exos) in the context of septic ER stress. Methods Mouse bone MSCs were preconditioned with or without IL-1β and the supernatant was used for exosome extraction. In vitro sepsis cell mode was induced by treating HUVECs with LPS, while in vivo sepsis model was established through cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) operation in mice. Cell viability, apoptosis, motility, and tube formation were assessed using the EDU proliferation assay, flow cytometry analysis, migration assay, and tube formation assay, respectively. The molecular mechanism was investigated using ELISA, qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining. Results Pretreatment with IL-1β enhanced the positive impact of MSC-exos on the viability, apoptosis, motility, and tube formation ability of HUVECs. The administration of LPS or CLP increased ER stress response, but this effect was blocked by the treatment of IB-exos. Additionally, IB-exos reversed the inhibitory effects of LPS or CLP on the expression levels of SIRT1 and ERK phosphorylation. Knockdown of SIRT1 counteracted the effects of IB-exos on HUVEC cellular function and ER stress. In a mouse model, the injection of IB-exos mitigated sepsis-induced lung injury by inhibiting ER stress response through the activation of SIRT1. Conclusion IB-exos have been found to alleviate sepsis-induced lung injury via inhibiting ER stress through the SIRT1/ERK pathway. These findings indicated that IB-exos could potentially be used as a strategy to mitigate lung injury caused by sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinsheng Cheng
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shikai Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Di He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiwei Ding
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li JC, Wang LJ, Feng F, Chen TT, Shi WG, Liu LP. Role of heparanase in sepsis‑related acute kidney injury (Review). Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:379. [PMID: 37456170 PMCID: PMC10347300 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-related acute kidney injury (S-AKI) is a common and significant complication of sepsis in critically ill patients, which can often only be treated with antibiotics and medications that reduce S-AKI symptoms. The precise mechanism underlying the onset of S-AKI is still unclear, thus hindering the development of new strategies for its treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the pathogenesis of S-AKI to identify biomarkers and therapeutic targets for its early diagnosis and treatment. Heparanase (HPA), the only known enzyme that cleaves the side chain of heparan sulfate, has been widely studied in relation to tumor metabolism, procoagulant activity, angiogenesis, inflammation and sepsis. It has been reported that HPA plays an important role in the progression of S-AKI. The aim of the present review was to provide an overview of the function of HPA in S-AKI and to summarize its underlying molecular mechanisms, including mediating inflammatory response, immune response, autophagy and exosome biogenesis. It is anticipated that emerging discoveries about HPA in S-AKI will support HPA as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target to combat S-AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Chun Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Jun Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Feng
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Gui Shi
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kosanović M, Milutinović B, Kutzner TJ, Mouloud Y, Bozic M. Clinical Prospect of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Kidney Disease: Challenges and the Way Forward. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1911. [PMID: 37514097 PMCID: PMC10384614 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is a growing public health problem worldwide, including both acute and chronic forms. Existing therapies for kidney disease target various pathogenic mechanisms; however, these therapies only slow down the progression of the disease rather than offering a cure. One of the potential and emerging approaches for the treatment of kidney disease is mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) therapy, shown to have beneficial effects in preclinical studies. In addition, extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by MSCs became a potent cell-free therapy option in various preclinical models of kidney disease due to their regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. However, there are scarce clinical data available regarding the use of MSC-EVs in kidney pathologies. This review article provides an outline of the renoprotective effects of MSC-EVs in different preclinical models of kidney disease. It offers a comprehensive analysis of possible mechanisms of action of MSC-EVs with an emphasis on kidney disease. Finally, on the journey toward the implementation of MSC-EVs into clinical practice, we highlight the need to establish standardized methods for the characterization of an EV-based product and investigate the adequate dosing, safety, and efficacy of MSC-EVs application, as well as the development of suitable potency assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kosanović
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Milutinović
- Department of Neurosurgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 770302, USA
| | - Tanja J Kutzner
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45355 Essen, North Rhine-Westhpalia, Germany
| | - Yanis Mouloud
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45355 Essen, North Rhine-Westhpalia, Germany
| | - Milica Bozic
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45355 Essen, North Rhine-Westhpalia, Germany
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), 25196 Lleida, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ceccotti E, Saccu G, Herrera Sanchez MB, Bruno S. Naïve or Engineered Extracellular Vesicles from Different Cell Sources: Therapeutic Tools for Kidney Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1715. [PMID: 37376163 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal pathophysiology is a multifactorial process involving different kidney structures. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical condition characterized by tubular necrosis and glomerular hyperfiltration. The maladaptive repair after AKI predisposes to the onset of chronic kidney diseases (CKD). CKD is a progressive and irreversible loss of kidney function, characterized by fibrosis that could lead to end stage renal disease. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of the most recent scientific publications analyzing the therapeutic potential of Extracellular Vesicles (EV)-based treatments in different animal models of AKI and CKD. EVs from multiple sources act as paracrine effectors involved in cell-cell communication with pro-generative and low immunogenic properties. They represent innovative and promising natural drug delivery vehicles used to treat experimental acute and chronic kidney diseases. Differently from synthetic systems, EVs can cross biological barriers and deliver biomolecules to the recipient cells inducing a physiological response. Moreover, new methods for improving the EVs as carriers have been introduced, such as the engineering of the cargo, the modification of the proteins on the external membrane, or the pre-conditioning of the cell of origin. The new nano-medicine approaches based on bioengineered EVs are an attempt to enhance their drug delivery capacity for potential clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ceccotti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriele Saccu
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Beatriz Herrera Sanchez
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- 2i3T, Società per la Gestione dell'incubatore di Imprese e per il Trasferimento Tecnologico, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Thomaidou AC, Goulielmaki M, Tsintarakis A, Zoumpourlis P, Toya M, Christodoulou I, Zoumpourlis V. miRNA-Guided Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from the Umbilical Cord: Paving the Way for Stem-Cell Based Regeneration and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119189. [PMID: 37298143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body is an abundant source of multipotent cells primed with unique properties that can be exploited in a multitude of applications and interventions. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a heterogenous population of undifferentiated cells programmed to self-renew and, depending on their origin, differentiate into distinct lineages. Alongside their proven ability to transmigrate toward inflammation sites, the secretion of various factors that participate in tissue regeneration and their immunoregulatory function render MSCs attractive candidates for use in the cytotherapy of a wide spectrum of diseases and conditions, as well as in different aspects of regenerative medicine. In particular, MSCs that can be found in fetal, perinatal, or neonatal tissues possess additional capabilities, including predominant proliferation potential, increased responsiveness to environmental stimuli, and hypoimmunogenicity. Since microRNA (miRNA)-guided gene regulation governs multiple cellular functions, miRNAs are increasingly being studied in the context of driving the differentiation process of MSCs. In the present review, we explore the mechanisms of miRNA-directed differentiation of MSCs, with a special focus on umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs), and we identify the most relevant miRNAs and miRNA sets and signatures. Overall, we discuss the potent exploitations of miRNA-driven multi-lineage differentiation and regulation of UCMSCs in regenerative and therapeutic protocols against a range of diseases and/or injuries that will achieve a meaningful clinical impact through maximizing treatment success rates, while lacking severe adverse events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arsinoe C Thomaidou
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Goulielmaki
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Cancer Research Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Tsintarakis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Marialena Toya
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Christodoulou
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu W, Hu C, Zhang B, Li M, Deng F, Zhao S. Exosomal microRNA-342-5p secreted from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells mitigates acute kidney injury in sepsis mice by inhibiting TLR9. Biol Proced Online 2023; 25:10. [PMID: 37085762 PMCID: PMC10120132 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-023-00198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-related acute kidney injury (AKI) is an inflammatory disease associated with extremely high mortality and health burden. This study explored the possibility of exosomes secreted by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) serving as a carrier for microRNA (miR)-342-5p to alleviate sepsis-related AKI and investigated the possible mechanism. METHODS Serum was obtained from 30 patients with sepsis-associated AKI and 30 healthy volunteers for the measurement of miR-342-5p, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (SCr) levels. For in vitro experiments, AMSCs were transfected with LV-miR-342-5p or LV-miR-67 to acquire miR-342-5p-modified AMSCs and miR-67-modified AMSCs, from which the exosomes (AMSC-Exo-342 and AMSC-Exo-67) were isolated. The human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to construct a cellular model of sepsis. The expression of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) was also detected in AKI cells and mouse models. The interaction between miR-342-5p and TLR9 was predicted by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. RESULTS Detection on clinical serum samples showed that BUN, SCr, and TLR9 were elevated and miR-342-5p level was suppressed in the serum of patients with sepsis-associated AKI. Transfection with LV-miR-342-5p reinforced miR-342-5p expression in AMSCs and AMSC-secreted exosomes. miR-342-5p negatively targeted TLR9. LPS treatment enhanced TLR9 expression, reduced miR-342-5p levels, suppressed autophagy, and increased inflammation in HK-2 cells, while the opposite trends were observed in LPS-induced HK-2 cells exposed to AMSC-Exo-342, Rapa, miR-342-5p mimic, or si-TLR9. Additionally, the effects of AMSC-Exo-342 on autophagy and inflammation in LPS-induced cells could be weakened by 3-MA or pcDNA3.1-TLR9 treatment. Injection of AMSC-Exo-342 enhanced autophagy, mitigated kidney injury, suppressed inflammation, and reduced BUN and SCr levels in sepsis-related AKI mouse models. CONCLUSION miR-342-5p transferred by exosomes from miR-342-5p-modified AMSCs ameliorated AKI by inhibiting TLR9 to accelerate autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghuan Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Buyao Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxia Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuxing Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangping Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang S, Zhang K, Hou J, Liu X, Xu D, Chen X, Li S, Hong Y, Zhou C, Wu H, Zheng G, Zeng C, Wu H, Fu J, Wang T. Protective properties of extracellular vesicles in sepsis models: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies. J Transl Med 2023; 21:262. [PMID: 37069645 PMCID: PMC10108460 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple preclinical studies have reported a beneficial effect of extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially mesenchymal stem cells derived EVs (MSC-EVs), in the treatment of sepsis. However, the therapeutic effect of EVs is still not universally recognized. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis by summarizing data from all published studies that met certain criteria to systematically review the association between EVs treatment and mortality in animal models of sepsis. METHODS Systematic retrieval of all studies in PubMed, Cochrane and Web of Science that reported the effects of EVs on sepsis models up to September 2022. The primary outcome was animal mortality. After screening the eligible articles according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, the inverse variance method of fixed effect model was used to calculate the joint odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan version 5.4. RESULTS In total, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of those studies showed that EVs treatment was associated with reduced mortality in animal models of sepsis (OR 0.17 95% CI: 0.11,0.26, P < 0.001). Further subgroup analysis showed that the mode of sepsis induction, the source, dose, time and method of injection, and the species and gender of mice had no significant effect on the therapeutic effect of EVs. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis showed that MSC-EVs treatment may be associated with lower mortality in animal models of sepsis. Subsequent preclinical studies will need to address the standardization of dose, source, and timing of EVs to provide comparable data. In addition, the effectiveness of EVs in treating sepsis must be studied in large animal studies to provide important clues for human clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Yang
- Department of Emergency, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kanglong Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Hou
- Department of Emergency, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Daishi Xu
- Department of Emergency, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuxiang Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangmei Li
- Department of Emergency, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Hong
- Department of Emergency, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Zhou
- Department of Emergency, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Emergency, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Zheng
- Department of Emergency, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaotao Zeng
- Department of Emergency, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidong Wu
- Department of Emergency, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Fu
- Department of Emergency, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Weber B, Henrich D, Hildebrand F, Marzi I, Leppik L. THE ROLES OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES IN SEPSIS AND SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME. Shock 2023; 59:161-172. [PMID: 36730865 PMCID: PMC9940838 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction, caused by dysregulation of the host response to infection. To understand the underlying mechanisms of sepsis, the vast spectrum of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is gaining importance in this research field. A connection between EVs and sepsis was shown in 1998 in an endotoxemia pig model. Since then, the number of studies describing EVs as markers and mediators of sepsis increased steadily. Extracellular vesicles in sepsis could be friends and foes at the same time depending on their origin and cargo. On the one hand, transfer of EVs or outer membrane vesicles can induce sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome with comparable efficiency as well-established methods, such as cecal ligation puncture or lipopolysaccharide injection. On the other hand, EVs could provide certain therapeutic effects, mediated via reduction of reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, influence on macrophage polarization and apoptosis, as well as increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, EVs could be helpful in the diagnosis of sepsis. Extracellular vesicles of different cellular origin, such as leucocytes, macrophages, platelets, and granulocytes, have been suggested as potential sepsis biomarkers. They ensure the diagnosis of sepsis earlier than classical clinical inflammation markers, such as C-reactive protein, leucocytes, or IL-6. This review summarizes the three roles of EVs in sepsis-mediator/inducer, biomarker, and therapeutic tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birte Weber
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk Henrich
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen. Aachen, Germany
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Liudmila Leppik
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen Y, Jin J, Chen X, Xu J, An L, Ruan H. Exosomal microRNA-342-5p from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells inhibits preeclampsia in rats. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:27. [PMID: 36598700 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00931-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hucMSC)-derived exosomes (hucMSC-Exos) transmitting microRNA-342-5p (miR-342-5p) on the development of preeclampsia (PE) by targeting programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4). The primary hucMSCs were cultured and transfected with miR-342-5p, and the exosomes (Exo) were extracted from the hucMSCs. PE rats were performed with an intraperitoneal injection of L-NAME from days 11 to 19 of gestation, and injection of Exo, Exo-negative control (NC), Exo-miR-342-5p agomir, Exo-miR-342-5p antagomir, and overexpressing PDCD4 (oe-PDCD4) vector into the placenta on the 16th day of pregnancy. HE staining was utilized to observe the pathological changes in placental tissues. TUNEL staining was implemented to evaluate cell apoptosis in placental tissues. Blood pressure and 24-h urinary protein in pregnant rats were measured by a non-invasive rat tail artery blood pressure measurement and protein auto-analyzer. Expressions of miR-342-5p, PDCD4, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) were detected by RT-qPCR, and PDCD4 protein expression was determined by Western blot. The interaction between miR-342-5p and PDCD4 was analyzed by luciferase activity assay. MiR-342-5p was downregulated while PDCD4 was upregulated in the placental tissues of PE rats. HucMSC-Exo relieved pathology and suppressed inflammatory response, and apoptosis in the placental tissues, as well as reducing blood pressure and 24-h urinary protein of PE rats. Elevated miR-342-5p enhanced the promoting influence of hucMSC-Exo on PE rats, while inhibited miR-342-5p reversed the functions of hucMSC-Exo on PE rats. miR-342-5p targeted PDCD4. Overexpression of PDCD4 worsened the development of PE in rats. HucMSC-Exo conveying elevated miR-342-5p inhibits the development of PE in a rat model through downregulating PDCD4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of WenLing ZheJiang, No. 333, Chuanannan Road, Chengxi Street, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaxi Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of WenLing ZheJiang, No. 333, Chuanannan Road, Chengxi Street, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China
| | - XiaoPei Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of WenLing ZheJiang, No. 333, Chuanannan Road, Chengxi Street, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of WenLing ZheJiang, No. 333, Chuanannan Road, Chengxi Street, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihong An
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of WenLing ZheJiang, No. 333, Chuanannan Road, Chengxi Street, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haibo Ruan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of WenLing ZheJiang, No. 333, Chuanannan Road, Chengxi Street, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang B, Xu J, Fu P, Ma L. MicroRNAs in septic acute kidney injury. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkad008. [PMID: 36959845 PMCID: PMC10027606 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a potentially fatal complication of burns and trauma that can cause acute kidney injury (AKI) with substantial morbidity and mortality, but this disease is poorly understood. Despite medical advances, effective therapeutic regimens for septic AKI remain uncommon. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs that influence the translation of target messenger RNAs in a variety of biological processes. Emerging evidence has shown that miRNAs are intimately associated with septic AKI. The goal of this review was to summarize recent advances in the profound understanding of the functional role of miRNAs in septic AKI, as well as to provide new insights into miRNAs as feasible biomarkers and therapeutic targets for septic AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ping Fu
- Correspondence, Ping Fu, ; Liang Ma,
| | - Liang Ma
- Correspondence, Ping Fu, ; Liang Ma,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yang G, Tan L, Yao H, Xiong Z, Wu J, Huang X. Long-Term Effects of Severe Burns on the Kidneys: Research Advances and Potential Therapeutic Approaches. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:1905-1921. [PMID: 37152866 PMCID: PMC10162109 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s404983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Burns are a seriously underestimated form of trauma that not only damage the skin system but also cause various complications, such as acute kidney injury (AKI). Recent clinical studies have shown that the proportion of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) in burn patients after discharge is significantly higher than that in the general population, but the mechanism behind this is controversial. The traditional view is that CKD is associated with hypoperfusion, AKI, sepsis, and drugs administered in the early stages of burns. However, recent studies have shown that burns can cause long-term immune dysfunction, which is a high-risk factor for CKD. This suggests that burns affect the kidneys more than previously recognized. In other words, severe burns are not only an acute injury but also a chronic disease. Neglecting to study long-term kidney function in burn patients also results in a lack of preventive and therapeutic methods being developed. Furthermore, stem cells and their exosomes have shown excellent comprehensive therapeutic properties in the prevention and treatment of CKD, making them increasingly the focus of research attention. Their engineering strategy further improved the therapeutic performance. This review will focus on the research advances in burns on the development of CKD, illustrating the possible mechanism of burn-induced CKD and introducing potential biological treatment options and their engineering strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Division of Renal Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Life Sciences, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, 044006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lishan Tan
- Division of Renal Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical College, Guilin, 541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuying Xiong
- Division of Renal Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, People’s Republic of China
- Human Histology & Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics & Gynecology, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Venetia, 37134, Italy
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Division of Renal Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaoyan Huang; Jun Wu, Email ;
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tian C, Wang K, Zhao M, Cong S, Di X, Li R. Extracellular vesicles participate in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1018692. [PMID: 36579343 PMCID: PMC9791067 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1018692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The early diagnosis and effective treatment of sepsis still face challenges due to its rapid progression, dynamic changes, and strong heterogeneity among different individuals. To develop novel strategies to control sepsis, a better understanding of the complex mechanisms of sepsis is vital. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles released from cells through different mechanisms. In the disease state, the number of EVs produced by activated or apoptotic cells and the cargoes they carry were altered. They regulated the function of local or distant host cells in autocrine or paracrine ways. Current studies have found that EVs are involved in the occurrence and development of sepsis through multiple pathways. In this review, we focus on changes in the cargoes of EVs in sepsis, the regulatory roles of EVs derived from host cells and bacteria, and how EVs are involved in multiple pathological processes and organ dysfunction in sepsis. Overall, EVs have great application prospects in sepsis, such as early diagnosis of sepsis, dynamic monitoring of disease, precise therapeutic targets, and prevention of sepsis as a vaccine platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Tian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shan Cong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Di
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ranwei Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Ranwei Li,
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Quaglia M, Fanelli V, Merlotti G, Costamagna A, Deregibus MC, Marengo M, Balzani E, Brazzi L, Camussi G, Cantaluppi V. Dual Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Sepsis-Associated Kidney and Lung Injury. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102448. [PMID: 36289710 PMCID: PMC9598620 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles form a complex intercellular communication network, shuttling a variety of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, including regulatory RNAs, such as microRNAs. Transfer of these molecules to target cells allows for the modulation of sets of genes and mediates multiple paracrine and endocrine actions. EVs exert broad pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidant, and pro-apoptotic effects in sepsis, mediating microvascular dysfunction and multiple organ damage. This deleterious role is well documented in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. On the other hand, protective effects of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have been reported in experimental models of sepsis. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles recapitulate beneficial cytoprotective, regenerative, and immunomodulatory properties of parental cells and have shown therapeutic effects in experimental models of sepsis with kidney and lung involvement. Extracellular vesicles are also likely to play a role in deranged kidney-lung crosstalk, a hallmark of sepsis, and may be key to a better understanding of shared mechanisms underlying multiple organ dysfunction. In this review, we analyze the state-of-the-art knowledge on the dual role of EVs in sepsis-associated kidney/lung injury and repair. PubMed library was searched from inception to July 2022, using a combination of medical subject headings (MeSH) and keywords related to EVs, sepsis, acute kidney injury (AKI), acute lung injury (ALI), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Key findings are summarized into two sections on detrimental and beneficial mechanisms of actions of EVs in kidney and lung injury, respectively. The role of EVs in kidney-lung crosstalk is then outlined. Efforts to expand knowledge on EVs may pave the way to employ them as prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets to prevent or reduce organ damage in sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Quaglia
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Vito Fanelli
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Guido Merlotti
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Costamagna
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Marita Marengo
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, ASL CN1, 12038 Savigliano, Italy
| | - Eleonora Balzani
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Brazzi
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (V.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
hucMSC-sEVs-Derived 14-3-3ζ Serves as a Bridge between YAP and Autophagy in Diabetic Kidney Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3281896. [PMID: 36199425 PMCID: PMC9527117 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3281896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As nanoscale membranous vesicles, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (hucMSC-sEVs) have attracted extensive attention in the field of tissue regeneration. Under the premise that the mechanisms of hucMSC-sEVs on the treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) have not been revealed clearly, we constructed DKD rat model with success. After tail vein injection, hucMSC-sEVs effectively reduced blood glucose, maintained body weight and improved renal function in DKD rats. Notably, we found that hucMSC-sEVs suppressed YAP expression in renal cortical regions. Further in vitro experiments, we confirmed that the expression of YAP in the nucleus of renal podocytes was increased, and the level of autophagy was inhibited in the high-glucose environment, which could be reversed by intervention with hucMSC-sEVs. We screened out the key protein 14-3-3ζ, which could not only promote YAP cytoplasmic retention instead of entering the nucleus, but also enhance the level of autophagy in the cytoplasm. Ultimately, excessive YAP protein was removed by autophagy, a classic way of protein degradation. In conclusion, our study provides new strategies for the prevention of DKD and proposes the possibility of hucMSC-sEVs becoming a new treatment for DKD in the future.
Collapse
|
34
|
Eshghi F, Tahmasebi S, Alimohammadi M, Soudi S, Khaligh SG, Khosrojerdi A, Heidari N, Hashemi SM. Study of immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in mouse model of LPS induced systemic inflammation. Life Sci 2022; 310:120938. [PMID: 36150466 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a debilitating systemic inflammation that resulted from infection or injury. Despite many advances in treatment, the resulting mortality rate has remained high due to increasing antibiotic resistance and aging communities. The present study investigated the effects of stem cell-derived exosomes in a mouse model of LPS-induced systemic inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS To induce sepsis, the LPS model was used. Mice were divided into three groups: normal, patient group (LPS + PBS), and treatment group (LPS + exosome). The treatment group received an intravenous exosome 1 h after induction of the model. Patient and treatment groups were sacrificed at 4, 6, 24, and 48 h after induction of the model, and their tissues were isolated. Blood samples were taken from animal hearts to perform biochemical and immunological tests. The study results were analyzed using Graph Pad Prism software version 9. RESULTS Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes decreased serum levels of ALT and AST liver enzymes, decreased neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and improved kidney, liver, and lung tissue damage at 4, 6, and 24 h after model induction. At 24 h, the exosomes were able to reduce serum urea levels. This study revealed decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α after exosome injection. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that treating mice with stem cell-derived exosomes can ameliorate the destructive effects of inflammation caused by sepsis by reducing inflammatory factors and tissue damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Eshghi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safa Tahmasebi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Alimohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Arezou Khosrojerdi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Heidari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Huang J, Li Y, Zheng M, He H, Xu D, Tian D. RNF126 contributes to stem cell-like properties and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma through ubiquitination and degradation of LKB1. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1869-1884. [PMID: 36068398 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00782-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the malignant tumors with the worst prognosis, and tumor recurrence and metastasis are the main factors leading to poor prognosis of HCC patients. Accumulating studies show that RNF126, ring finger protein 126, is involved in the pathological process of many tumors. However, the biological function and exact molecular mechanism of RNF126 in HCC remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of RNF126 in the pathogenesis of HCC. By analyzing database and verifying with our clinical specimens, it was found that RNF126 was highly expressed in HCC tissues, which is associated with shorter overall survival and higher recurrence rate. Overexpressed RNF126 can significantly promote the proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis of HCC cells, whereas knockdown RNF126 can reverse this effect. Mechanically, RNF126 down-regulates liver kinase B1 (LKB1) expression by ubiquitination of LKB1 to weaken its stability, thereby significantly promoting stem-cell-like activity, migration, and angiogenesis of HCC. Notably, consistent with in vitro results, RNF126 was stably transformed in Hep3B and subcutaneously injected into nude mice. In established mouse xenograft models, tumor growth can be effectively inhibited and the occurrence of lung metastasis is reduced. In HCC, RNF126 may down-regulate LKB1 through ubiquitination, thus becoming a powerful prognostic biomarker and a recognized tumor suppressor. Therefore, our study may provide a promising new therapeutic strategy for targeting RNF126 for HCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, 650102, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, 650102, Yunnan, China
| | - Mengyao Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, 650102, Yunnan, China
| | - Haiyu He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, 650102, Yunnan, China
| | - Dingwei Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, 650102, Yunnan, China
| | - Daguang Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, 650102, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li Q, Zhang Z, Yin M, Cui C, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu F. What do we actually know about exosomal microRNAs in kidney diseases? Front Physiol 2022; 13:941143. [PMID: 36105281 PMCID: PMC9464820 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.941143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several types of kidney diseases with complex causes. If left untreated, these diseases irreversibly progress to end-stage renal disease. Thus, their early diagnosis and targeted treatment are important. Exosomes-extracellular vesicles released by a variety of cells-are ideal carriers for DNA, RNA, proteins, and other metabolites owing to their bilayer membranes. Studies have shown that almost all renal cells can secrete exosomes. While research on exosomal microRNAs in the context of renal diseases begun only recently, rapid progress has been achieved. This review summarizes the changes in exosomal microRNA expression in different kidney diseases. Thus, it highlights the diagnostic and prognostic value of these exosomal microRNAs. Further, this review analyzes their roles in the development of different kidney diseases, guiding research on molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Li
- Department of Nephrology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Yin
- Department of Nephrology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cancan Cui
- Clinical Laboratory, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lu Y, Wang L, Zhang M, Chen Z. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Approach for Kidney Disease Treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3603-3618. [PMID: 35990308 PMCID: PMC9386173 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s372254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, kidney disease has become a serious health challenge, with approximately 10% of adults suffering with the disease, and increasing incidence and mortality rates every year. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are 30 nm-100 nm sized nanovesicles released by cells into the extracellular matrix (ECM), which serve as mediators of intercellular communication. Depending on the cell origin, sEVs have different roles which depend on internal cargoes including, nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) exert anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and wound healing functions mainly via sEVs in a stable and safe manner. MSC-derived sEVs (MSC-sEVs) exert roles in several kidney diseases by transporting renoprotective cargoes to reduce oxidative stress, inhibit renal cell apoptosis, suppress inflammation, and mediate anti-fibrosis mechanisms. Additionally, because MSC-sEVs efficiently target damaged kidneys, they have the potential to become the next generation cell-free therapies for kidney disease. Herein, we review recent research data on how MSC-sEVs could be used to treat kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukang Lu
- First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanfeng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Thongboonkerd V, Kanlaya R. The divergent roles of exosomes in kidney diseases: Pathogenesis, diagnostics, prognostics and therapeutics. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 149:106262. [PMID: 35787447 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are the self-packed nanoscale vesicles (nanovesicles) derived from late endosomes and released from the cells to the extracellular milieu. Exosomal biogenesis is based on endosomal pathway to form the nanovesicles surrounded by membrane originated from plasma membranes of the parental cells. During biogenesis, exosomes selectively encapsulate an array of biomolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, metabolites, etc.), thereby conveying diverse messages for cell-cell communications. Once released, these exosomal contents trigger signaling and trafficking that play roles in cell growth, development, immune responses, homeostasis, remodeling, etc. Recent advances in exosomal research have provided a wealth of useful information that enhances our knowledge on the roles for exosomes in pathogenic mechanisms of human diseases involving a wide variety of organ systems. In the kidney, exosomes play divergent roles, ranging from pathogenesis to therapeutics, based on their original sources and type of interventions. Herein, we summarize and update the current knowledge on the divergent roles of exosomes involving the pathogenesis, diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics in various groups of kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, immune-mediated kidney diseases (e.g., IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, membranous nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis), chronic kidney disease (caused by diabetic nephropathy and others), renal cell carcinoma, nephrolithiasis, kidney transplantation and related complications, and polycystic kidney disease. Finally, the future perspectives on research in this area are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Rattiyaporn Kanlaya
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tang TT, Wang B, Lv LL, Dong Z, Liu BC. Extracellular vesicles for renal therapeutics: State of the art and future perspective. J Control Release 2022; 349:32-50. [PMID: 35779658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With the ever-increasing burden of kidney disease, the need for developing new therapeutics to manage this disease has never been greater. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural membranous nanoparticles present in virtually all organisms. Given their excellent delivery capacity in the body, EVs have emerged as a frontier technology for drug delivery and have the potential to usher in a new era of nanomedicine for kidney disease. This review is focused on why EVs are such compelling drug carriers and how to release their fullest potentiality in renal therapeutics. We discuss the unique features of EVs compared to artificial nanoparticles and outline the engineering technologies and steps in developing EV-based therapeutics, with an emphasis on the emerging approaches to target renal cells and prolong kidney retention. We also explore the applications of EVs as natural therapeutics or as drug carriers in the treatment of renal disorders and present our views on the critical challenges in manufacturing EVs as next-generation renal therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Tao Tang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Nanjing, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin-Li Lv
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li B, Lin F, Xia Y, Ye Z, Yan X, Song B, Yuan T, Li L, Zhou X, Yu W, Cheng F. The Intersection of Acute Kidney Injury and Non-Coding RNAs: Inflammation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:923239. [PMID: 35755446 PMCID: PMC9218900 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.923239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute renal injury (AKI) is a complex clinical syndrome, involving a series of pathophysiological processes, in which inflammation plays a key role. Identification and verification of gene signatures associated with inflammatory onset and progression are imperative for understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in AKI pathogenesis. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), involved in epigenetic modifications of inflammatory responses, are associated with the aberrant expression of inflammation-related genes in AKI. However, its regulatory role in gene expression involves precise transcriptional regulation mechanisms which have not been fully elucidated in the complex and volatile inflammatory response of AKI. In this study, we systematically review current research on the intrinsic molecular mechanisms of ncRNAs that regulate the inflammatory response in AKI. We aim to provide potential research directions and strategies for developing ncRNA-targeted gene therapies as an intervention for the inflammatory damage in AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bojun Li
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyou Lin
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqi Xia
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zehua Ye
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinzhou Yan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baofeng Song
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianhui Yuan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangjun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weimin Yu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are released by the majority of cell types and circulate in body fluids. They function as a long-distance cell-to-cell communication mechanism that modulates the gene expression profile and fate of target cells. Increasing evidence has established a central role of extracellular vesicles in kidney physiology and pathology. Urinary extracellular vesicles mediate crosstalk between glomerular and tubular cells and between different segments of the tubule, whereas circulating extracellular vesicles mediate organ crosstalk and are involved in the amplification of kidney damage and inflammation. The molecular profile of extracellular vesicles reflects the type and pathophysiological status of the originating cell so could potentially be exploited for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. In addition, robust preclinical data suggest that administration of exogenous extracellular vesicles could promote kidney regeneration and reduce inflammation and fibrosis in acute and chronic kidney diseases. Stem cells are thought to be the most promising source of extracellular vesicles with regenerative activity. Extracellular vesicles are also attractive candidates for drug delivery and various engineering strategies are being investigated to alter their cargo and increase their efficacy. However, rigorous standardization and scalable production strategies will be necessary to enable the clinical application of extracellular vesicles as potential therapeutics. In this Review, the authors discuss the roles of extracellular vesicles in kidney physiology and disease as well as the beneficial effects of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in preclinical models of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. They also highlight current and future clinical applications of extracellular vesicles in kidney diseases. Urinary extracellular vesicles have roles in intra-glomerular, glomerulo-tubular and intra-tubular crosstalk, whereas circulating extracellular vesicles might mediate organ crosstalk; these mechanisms could amplify kidney damage and contribute to disease progression. Urinary extracellular vesicles could potentially be analysed using multiplex diagnostic platforms to identify pathological processes and the originating cell types; technological advances including single extracellular vesicle analysis might increase the specificity of bulk analysis of extracellular vesicle preparations. Robust standardization and validation in large patient cohorts are required to enable clinical application of extracellular vesicle-based biomarkers. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have been shown to improve renal recovery, limit progression of injury and reduce fibrosis in animal models of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Various engineering approaches can be used to load extracellular vesicles with therapeutic molecules and increase their delivery to the kidney. A small clinical trial that tested the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicle administration in patients with chronic kidney disease reported promising results; however, therapeutic application of extracellular vesicles is limited by a lack of scalable manufacturing protocols and clear criteria for standardization.
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen Y, Jing H, Tang S, Liu P, Cheng Y, Fan Y, Chen H, Zhou J. Non-Coding RNAs in Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury. Front Physiol 2022; 13:830924. [PMID: 35464083 PMCID: PMC9024145 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.830924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response caused by a severe infection that leads to multiple organ damage, including acute kidney injury (AKI). In intensive care units (ICU), the morbidity and mortality associated with sepsis-associated AKI (SA-AKI) are gradually increasing due to lack of effective and early detection, as well as proper treatment. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) exert a regulatory function in gene transcription, RNA processing, post-transcriptional translation, and epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Evidence indicated that miRNAs are involved in inflammation and programmed cell death during the development of sepsis-associated AKI (SA-AKI). Moreover, lncRNAs and circRNAs appear to be an essential regulatory mechanism in SA-AKI. In this review, we summarized the molecular mechanism of ncRNAs in SA-AKI and discussed their potential in clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Jing
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simin Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youling Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Kashgar, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Panyu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongtao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Zhou,
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Quaglia M, Merlotti G, Colombatto A, Bruno S, Stasi A, Franzin R, Castellano G, Grossini E, Fanelli V, Cantaluppi V. Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Therapeutic Approach for Acute Kidney Injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:849891. [PMID: 35359949 PMCID: PMC8960117 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is a frequent complication of hospitalized patients and significantly increases morbidity and mortality, worsening costs and length of hospital stay. Despite this impact on healthcare system, treatment still remains only supportive (dialysis). Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles are a promising option as they recapitulate stem cells properties, overcoming safety issues related to risks or rejection or aberrant differentiation. A growing body of evidence based on pre-clinical studies suggests that extracellular vesicles may be effective to treat acute kidney injury and to limit fibrosis through direct interference with pathogenic mechanisms of vascular and tubular epithelial cell damage. We herein analyze the state-of-the-art knowledge of therapeutic approaches with stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for different forms of acute kidney injury (toxic, ischemic or septic) dissecting their cytoprotective, regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. We also analyze the potential impact of extracellular vesicles on the mechanisms of transition from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease, with a focus on the pivotal role of the inhibition of complement cascade in this setting. Despite some technical limits, nowadays the development of therapies based on stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles holds promise as a new frontier to limit acute kidney injury onset and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Quaglia
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Guido Merlotti
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Colombatto
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stasi
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Rossana Franzin
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Vito Fanelli
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kosanović M, Milutinovic B, Glamočlija S, Morlans IM, Ortiz A, Bozic M. Extracellular Vesicles and Acute Kidney Injury: Potential Therapeutic Avenue for Renal Repair and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073792. [PMID: 35409151 PMCID: PMC8998560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden decline of renal function and represents a global clinical problem due to an elevated morbidity and mortality. Despite many efforts, currently there are no treatments to halt this devastating condition. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles secreted by various cell types in both physiological and pathological conditions. EVs can arise from distinct parts of the kidney and can mediate intercellular communication between various cell types along the nephron. Besides their potential as diagnostic tools, EVs have been proposed as powerful new tools for regenerative medicine and have been broadly studied as therapeutic mediators in different models of experimental AKI. In this review, we present an overview of the basic features and biological relevance of EVs, with an emphasis on their functional role in cell-to-cell communication in the kidney. We explore versatile roles of EVs in crucial pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to AKI and give a detailed description of the renoprotective effects of EVs from different origins in AKI. Finally, we explain known mechanisms of action of EVs in AKI and provide an outlook on the potential clinical translation of EVs in the setting of AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kosanović
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Bojana Milutinovic
- Department of Neurosurgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Sofija Glamočlija
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Ingrid Mena Morlans
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), 25196 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Milica Bozic
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), 25196 Lleida, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Soler-Botija C, Monguió-Tortajada M, Munizaga-Larroudé M, Gálvez-Montón C, Bayes-Genis A, Roura S. Mechanisms governing the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles: A scoping review of preclinical evidence. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112683. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
46
|
Nguyen TH, Turek I, Meehan-Andrews T, Zacharias A, Irving HR. A systematic review and meta-analyses of interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 3 (IRAK3) action on inflammation in in vivo models for the study of sepsis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263968. [PMID: 35167625 PMCID: PMC8846508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 3 (IRAK3) is a critical modulator of inflammation and is associated with endotoxin tolerance and sepsis. Although IRAK3 is known as a negative regulator of inflammation, several studies have reported opposing functions, and the temporal actions of IRAK3 on inflammation remain unclear. A systematic review and meta-analyses were performed to investigate IRAK3 expression and its effects on inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-6) after one- or two-challenge interventions, which mimic the hyperinflammatory and immunosuppression phases of sepsis, respectively, using human or animal in vivo models. Methods This systematic review and meta-analyses has been registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) (Registration DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/V39UR). A systematic search was performed to identify in vivo studies reporting outcome measures of expression of IRAK3 and inflammatory markers. Meta-analyses were performed where sufficient data was available. Results The search identified 7778 studies for screening. After screening titles, abstracts and full texts, a total of 49 studies were included in the systematic review. The review identified significant increase of IRAK3 mRNA and protein expression at different times in humans compared to rodents following one-challenge, whereas the increases of IL-6 and TNF-α protein expression in humans were similar to rodent in vivo models. Meta-analyses confirmed the inhibitory effect of IRAK3 on TNF-α mRNA and protein expression after two challenges. Conclusions A negative correlation between IRAK3 and TNF-α expression in rodents following two challenges demonstrates the association of IRAK3 in the immunosuppression phase of sepsis. Species differences in underlying biology affect the translatability of immune responses of animal models to human, as shown by the dissimilarity in patterns of IRAK3 mRNA and protein expression between humans and rodents following one challenge that are further influenced by variations in experimental procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trang H. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (HRI); (THN)
| | - Ilona Turek
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terri Meehan-Andrews
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anita Zacharias
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen R. Irving
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (HRI); (THN)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wu X, Jin S, Ding C, Wang Y, He D, Liu Y. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosome Therapy of Microbial Diseases: From Bench to Bed. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:804813. [PMID: 35046923 PMCID: PMC8761948 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.804813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial diseases are a global health threat, leading to tremendous casualties and economic losses. The strategy to treat microbial diseases falls into two broad categories: pathogen-directed therapy (PDT) and host-directed therapy (HDT). As the typical PDT, antibiotics or antiviral drugs directly attack bacteria or viruses through discerning specific molecules. However, drug abuse could result in antimicrobial resistance and increase infectious disease morbidity. Recently, the exosome therapy, as a HDT, has attracted extensive attentions for its potential in limiting infectious complications and targeted drug delivery. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) are the most broadly investigated. In this review, we mainly focus on the development and recent advances of the application of MSC-Exos on microbial diseases. The review starts with the difficulties and current strategies in antimicrobial treatments, followed by a comprehensive overview of exosomes in aspect of isolation, identification, contents, and applications. Then, the underlying mechanisms of the MSC-Exo therapy in microbial diseases are discussed in depth, mainly including immunomodulation, repression of excessive inflammation, and promotion of tissue regeneration. In addition, we highlight the latest progress in the clinical translation of the MSC-Exo therapy, by summarizing related clinical trials, routes of administration, and exosome modifications. This review will provide fundamental insights and future perspectives on MSC-Exo therapy in microbial diseases from bench to bedside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ke P, Qian L, Zhou Y, Feng L, Zhang Z, Zheng C, Chen M, Huang X, Wu X. Identification of hub genes and transcription factor-miRNA-mRNA pathways in mice and human renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12375. [PMID: 34754625 PMCID: PMC8555504 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a disease with high incidence rate in kidney related surgery. Micro RNA (miRNA) and transcription factors (TFs) are widely involved in the process of renal IRI through regulation of their target genes. However, the regulatory relationships and functional roles of TFs, miRNAs and mRNAs in the progression of renal IRI are insufficiently understood. The present study aimed to clarify the underlying mechanism of regulatory relationships in renal IRI. Methods Six gene expression profiles were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differently expressed genes (DEGs) and differently expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified through RRA integrated analysis of mRNA datasets (GSE39548, GSE87025, GSE52004, GSE71647, and GSE131288) and miRNA datasets (GSE29495). miRDB and TransmiR v2.0 database were applied to predict target genes of miRNA and TFs, respectively. DEGs were applied for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, followed with construction of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Then, the TF-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed. Correlation coefficient and ROC analysis were used to verify regulatory relationship between genes and their diagnostic value in GSE52004. Furthermore, in independent mouse RNA-seq datasets GSE98622, human RNA-seq GSE134386 and in vitro, the expression of hub genes and genes from the network were observed and correlation coefficient and ROC analysis were validated. Results A total of 21 DEMs and 187 DEGs were identified in renal IRI group compared to control group. The results of PPI analysis showed 15 hub genes. The TF-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed and several important pathways were identified and further verified, including Junb-miR-223-Ranbp3l, Cebpb-miR-223-Ranbp3l, Cebpb-miR-21-Ranbp3l and Cebpb-miR-181b-Bsnd. Four regulatory loops were identified, including Fosl2-miR-155, Fosl2-miR-146a, Cebpb-miR-155 and Mafk-miR-25. The hub genes and genes in the network showed good diagnostic value in mice and human. Conclusions In this study, we found 15 hub genes and several TF-miRNA-mRNA pathways, which are helpful for understanding the molecular and regulatory mechanisms in renal IRI. Junb-miR-223-Ranbp3l, Cebpb-miR-223-Ranbp3l, Cebpb-miR-21-Ranbp3l and Cebpb-miR-181b-Bsnd were the most important pathways, while Spp1, Fos, Timp1, Tnc, Fosl2 and Junb were the most important hub genes. Fosl2-miR-155, Fosl2-miR-146a, Cebpb-miR-155 and Mafk-miR-25 might be the negative feedback loops in renal IRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lin Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liu Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengjie Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mengnan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xinlei Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chen Z, Xie Y, Chen W, Li T, Chen X, Liu B. RETRACTED: microRNA-6785-5p-loaded human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes suppress angiogenesis and metastasis in gastric cancer via INHBA. Life Sci 2021; 284:119222. [PMID: 33609542 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Concern was raised about the reliability of the Western blot results in Figs. 1D+F, 2G, 3C, 4C and 6C, which appear to have the same eyebrow shaped phenotype as many other publications tabulated here (https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/149EjFXVxpwkBXYJOnOHb6RhAqT4a2llhj9LM60MBffM/edit#gid=0). The journal requested the corresponding author comment on these concerns and provide the raw data. However the authors were not able to satisfactorily fulfil this request and therefore the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zonglin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Tiegang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xianyu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lee PW, Wu BS, Yang CY, Lee OKS. Molecular Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy in Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11406. [PMID: 34768837 PMCID: PMC8583897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes a lot of harm to human health but is treated by only supportive therapy in most cases. Recent evidence shows that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) benefit kidney regeneration through releasing paracrine factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs) to the recipient kidney cells and are considered to be promising cellular therapy for AKI. To develop more efficient, precise therapies for AKI, we review the therapeutic mechanism of MSCs and MSC-derived EVs in AKI and look for a better understanding of molecular signaling and cellular communication between donor MSCs and recipient kidney cells. We also review recent clinical trials of MSC-EVs in AKI. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of MSCs' therapeutic effects on kidney regeneration, expecting to comprehensively facilitate future clinical application for treating AKI.
Collapse
Grants
- Yin Yen-Liang Foundation Development and Construction Plan (107F-M01-0504) National Yang-Ming University
- MOST 108-2923-B-010-002-MY3, MOST 109-2314-B-010-053-MY3, MOST 109-2811-B-010-532, MOST 109-2926-I-010-502, MOST 109-2823-8-010-003-CV, MOST 109-2622-B-010-006, MOST 109-2321-B-010-006, MOST 110-2923-B-A49A-501-MY3, and MOST 110-2321-B-A49-003 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- V106D25-003-MY3, VGHUST107-G5-3-3, VGHUST109-V5-1-2, and V110C-194 Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B) Ministry of Education
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (P.-W.L.); (B.-S.W.)
- Hong Deh Clinic, Taipei 11251, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Sheng Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (P.-W.L.); (B.-S.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (P.-W.L.); (B.-S.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Oscar Kuang-Sheng Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (P.-W.L.); (B.-S.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|