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Jensen AB, Eller F, Sorrell BK. Comparative flooding tolerance of Typha latifolia and Phalaris arundinacea in wetland restoration: Insights from photosynthetic CO 2 response curves, photobiology and biomass allocation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23657. [PMID: 38187246 PMCID: PMC10767378 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Tall helophytes such as Typha latifolia and Phalaris arundinacea often rapidly colonise after rewetting of former agricultural soil and are therefore often the first plants to contribute to the soil carbon pool. In this study we carried out a mesocosm experiment where these two species grew at three different water levels relative to the soil surface (-15 cm, 0 cm, +15 cm). After eight weeks' growth, measurements of photosynthetic CO2-response curves, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fluorescence of photosystem II were carried out to detect flooding stress. After 10 weeks' growth, the plants were harvested and biomass production, biomass allocation and specific leaf area were determined. T. latifolia had a higher and more stable photosynthetic performance across all water level treatments, which resulted in an overall higher aboveground and belowground production than P. arundinacea. In contrast, Vcmax and Jmax decreased by 41 % and 42 %, respectively from drained to flooded conditions with signs of flooding stress as impairment of the photosynthetic apparatus. Moreover, increasing water level resulted in maintenance of aboveground organs for P. arundinacea but a decrease in allocation to belowground organs. P. arundinacea did not invest in a higher specific leaf area to counter the decreased photosynthesis under flooding. From -15 cm to 0 cm water levels, P. arundinacea showed a 68 % reduction in belowground biomass, which has negative implication for carbon retention immediately after rewetting. In contrast, recolonization of T. latifolia is likely to be a suitable contributor to the soil carbon pool due to its stable physiology and high above- and belowground biomass production at all water depths, and also likely under natural water level fluctuations. We showed that even though both species are generally considered wetland plants, they are likely to support considerably different photosynthetic carbon assimilation and soil carbon sequestration rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asger Buur Jensen
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 1, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Franziska Eller
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 1, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Brian K. Sorrell
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 1, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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2
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G Campoy J, Lema M, Fenollosa E, Munné-Bosch S, Retuerto R. Functional responses to climate change may increase invasive potential of Carpobrotus edulis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:1902-1916. [PMID: 34636413 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Biological invasions and climate change are major threats to biodiversity. It is therefore important to anticipate how the climate changes projected for Southern Europe would affect the ecophysiological performance of the invasive South African plant, Carpobrotus edulis (ice plant or sour fig), and its capacity to undergo rapid adaptive evolution. METHODS We manipulated the climate conditions in a field plot located on the island of Sálvora (northwest of the Iberian Peninsula) to establish a full factorial experiment with C. edulis plants transplanted from four native (southern African) and four invasive (northwestern Iberian Peninsula) populations. Throughout 14 months we measured growth and functional traits of this species under two temperatures (control vs. increased), and two rainfall levels (control vs. reduced). RESULTS Temperature increased photochemical efficiency and relative growth rate of C. edulis. Rainfall modulated some of the effects of temperature on C and N isotopic composition, and pigment contents. Invasive populations showed lower root mass allocation and higher survival rates, as well as increased water use efficiency, lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll, and xanthophyll cycle pigment contents than native populations. CONCLUSIONS The increased growth and physiological performances observed under our experimental conditions suggest that the expected climate changes would further promote the invasion of C. edulis. Differences between native and invasive genotypes in survival and functional traits revealed that populations have diverged during the process of invasion, what gives support to the invasiveness hypothesis. Our findings highlight the importance of analyzing intraspecific variability in functional responses to better predict how invasive species will respond to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina G Campoy
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, 15782, Spain
| | - Margarita Lema
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, 15782, Spain
| | - Erola Fenollosa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBio), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBio), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Retuerto
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, 15782, Spain
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3
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Díaz-Barradas MC, Gallego-Fernández JB, Zunzunegui M. Plant response to water stress of native and non-native Oenothera drummondii populations. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:219-228. [PMID: 32563045 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Invasive plants can spread over climatically diverse areas. We explore the effects of drought on gas exchange and water relations on the invasive dune species Oenothera drummondii, using plants from four populations with different rainfall and temperatures regimes. Plant material was obtained germinating plants from one native and three non-native populations in a greenhouse. Drought stress was induced by withholding water. Responses to drought stressed plants were then compared to well-watered controls. Measurements of gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf traits were taken initially and every 10 days after water was withheld, until day 36 when plants were re-watered and recover capacity was measured. The effect of water stress was more evident in Fv/Fm and gas exchange variables. The results suggest that this species possess a mechanism of thermal dissipation of energy. Leaf relative water content was significant lower in drought stressed than control plants. At the end of withholding water period, stressed plants are separated from control plants along the axis I of the ordination analysis evidencing differences in functional traits. All plants recovered well after re-watering. Our results provide evidence for permanent differences in morphological traits and functional responses to drought stress among native and invasive populations of O. drummondii. Although we have only studied four populations, these results may provide evidence for the role of plasticity in contributing to the invasion success of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Díaz-Barradas
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - J B Gallego-Fernández
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Zunzunegui
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
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4
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Kelly S, Fletcher RA, Barney JN. Intraspecific, ecotypic and home climate variation in photosynthetic traits of the widespread invasive grass Johnsongrass. AOB PLANTS 2020; 12:plaa015. [PMID: 32549973 PMCID: PMC7291798 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite their near ubiquity across global ecosystems, the underlying mechanisms contributing to the success of invasive plants remain largely unknown. In particular, ecophysiological traits, which are fundamental to plants' performance and response to their environment, are poorly understood with respect to geographic and climate space. We evaluated photosynthetic trait variation among populations, ecotypes and home climates (i.e. the climates from the locations they were collected) of the widespread and expanding invader Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense). We found that populations vary in the maximum net photosynthetic flux and the light-saturated net photosynthetic rate, and that agricultural and non-agricultural ecotypes vary in apparent quantum yield and water-use efficiency (WUE). We also found that populations from warmer home climates had lower dark respiration rates, light compensation points and WUEs. As Johnsongrass expands across the USA the abiotic and biotic environments are driving variation in its genetics, phenotypes and its underlying physiology. Our study demonstrates the importance of evaluating physiological traits in invasive plants, especially as they relate to home climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannen Kelly
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Rebecca A Fletcher
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jacob N Barney
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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5
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Cheng J, Yang X, Xue L, Yao B, Lu H, Tian Z, Li J, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Zia Ul Haq M, Wu S, Song X, Hu S, Qiang S. Polyploidization contributes to evolution of competitive ability: a long term common garden study on the invasive
Solidago canadensis
in China. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Cheng
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing CN‐210095 Jiangsu PR China
| | - Xianghong Yang
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing CN‐210095 Jiangsu PR China
| | - Lifang Xue
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing CN‐210095 Jiangsu PR China
| | - Beibei Yao
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing CN‐210095 Jiangsu PR China
| | - Huan Lu
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing CN‐210095 Jiangsu PR China
| | - Zhongsai Tian
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing CN‐210095 Jiangsu PR China
| | - Jun Li
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing CN‐210095 Jiangsu PR China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing CN‐210095 Jiangsu PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing CN‐210095 Jiangsu PR China
| | - Muhammad Zia Ul Haq
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing CN‐210095 Jiangsu PR China
| | - Shuqi Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing PR China
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing CN‐210095 Jiangsu PR China
| | - Shuijin Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing PR China
| | - Sheng Qiang
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing CN‐210095 Jiangsu PR China
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6
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Zunzunegui M, Ruiz-Valdepeñas E, Sert MA, Díaz-Barradas MC, Gallego-Fernández JB. Field comparison of ecophysiological traits between an invader and a native species in a Mediterranean coastal dune. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 146:278-286. [PMID: 31783203 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical efficiency, gas exchange, leaf water potential, pigment content and free proline content of Oenothera drummondii subsp. drummondii Hook (an invasive non-native species) and Achillea maritima (L.) Ehrend. & Y.P. Guo, (an ecologically similar native species) were explored to understand the success of invasive non-native species in Mediterranean coastal dunes of southwest Spain. We have conducted a field study during a complete annual cycle, comparing both species. Fifteen pairs of neighbouring plants of the two study species of similar size were selected and measured seasonally. The results show that in spring and summer, assimilation rates of O. drummondii were significantly higher than those of the native, A. maritime, even though the native species had higher photochemical efficiency. Additionally, the non-native species presented better water content regulation than the native one, surely related to better water use efficiency and maybe linked to greater root development. The differences in leaf dry matter content values for both species might indicate a different strategy of resource use; with A. maritima displaying a more conservative strategy and O. drummondii presenting a rapid resources acquisition and use strategy as predictors of rapid growth and soil fertility. We conclude that O. drummondii utilizes light, water and probably nutrients more efficiently than the native A. maritima and suffers lower stress in Mediterranean coastal dunes where water availability is reduced (44 mm from May to October in the study area) and light radiation levels are high.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Zunzunegui
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Elena Ruiz-Valdepeñas
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Maria A Sert
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Biología, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Mari Cruz Díaz-Barradas
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan B Gallego-Fernández
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
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7
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Brandenburger CR, Cooke J, Sherwin WB, Moles AT. Rapid evolution of leaf physiology in an introduced beach daisy. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191103. [PMID: 31455190 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a key biological process. However, we know little about whether plants change their photosynthetic strategy when introduced to a new range. We located the most likely source population for the South African beach daisy Arctotheca populifolia introduced to Australia in the 1930s, and ran a common-garden experiment measuring 10 physiological and morphological leaf traits associated with photosynthesis. Based on predictions from theory, and higher rainfall in the introduced range, we hypothesized that introduced plants would have a (i) higher photosynthetic rate, (ii) lower water-use efficiency (WUE) and (iii) higher nitrogen-use efficiency. However, we found that introduced A. populifolia had a lower photosynthetic rate, higher WUE and lower nitrogen-use efficiency than did plants from Arniston, South Africa. Subsequent site visits suggested that plants in Arniston may be able to access moisture on a rocky shelf, while introduced plants grow on sandy beaches where water can quickly dissipate. Our unexpected findings highlight that: (1) it is important to compare introduced species to their source population for an accurate assessment of evolutionary change; (2) rainfall is not always a suitable proxy for water availability and (3) introduced species often undergo evolutionary changes, but without detailed ecological information we may not be able to accurately predict the direction of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire R Brandenburger
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Julia Cooke
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - William B Sherwin
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Angela T Moles
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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8
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Magee TK, Blocksom KA, Herlihy AT, Nahlik AM. Characterizing nonnative plants in wetlands across the conterminous United States. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:344. [PMID: 31222487 PMCID: PMC6586712 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7317-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nonnative plants are widely recognized as stressors to wetlands and other ecosystems. They may compete with native plant species or communities and alter ecosystem properties, which can affect ecological condition, posing challenges to resource managers. As part of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's National Wetland Condition Assessment (NWCA), we characterized the status of nonnative plants in wetlands across the conterminous United States (US). Our primary goals were to (1) document the composition of nonnative taxa at 1138 NWCA sites sampled in 2011 and (2) estimate the areal extent of wetland under stress from nonnative plants within the NWCA 2011 sampled population of ~ 25 million ha of wetland (represented by 967 sampled probability sites and the NWCA survey design). A total of 443 unique nonnative taxa were observed, encompassing a species pool adapted to diverse ecological conditions. For individual sites, the number of nonnative taxa ranged from 0 to 29, and total absolute cover of nonnatives ranged from 0 to 160%. We devised the nonnative plant indicator (NNPI) as a categorical indicator of stress (low to very high) from the collective set of nonnative plant taxa occurring at a particular location, based on a decision matrix of exceedance values for nonnative richness, relative frequency, and relative cover. Wetland area of the sampled population occurring in each NNPI category was estimated at the scale of the conterminous US and within five large ecoregions and four broad wetland types. Potential stress from nonnative plants, as indicated by the NNPI category, was low for approximately 61% (~ 15.3 million ha), moderate for about 20% (~ 5.2 million ha), high for about 10% (~ 2.48 million ha), and very high for about 9% (~ 2.2 million ha) of the wetland area in the entire sampled population. Percent of wetland area with high and very high NNPI varied by ecoregional subpopulations: greater within interior and western ecoregions (~ 29 to 87%) than within ecoregions in the eastern half of the nation (~ 11%). Among wetland type subpopulations, greater percent of wetland area with high and very high NNPI was observed for herbaceous vs. woody types and for inland vs. estuarine types. Estimates of wetland area by NNPI categories are expected to be useful to policy makers or resource managers for prioritizing management actions by identifying situations where stress from nonnative plants is most extensive. We also considered four exploratory analyses aimed at providing ecological information useful in interpreting NNPI extent results. We conducted three population-scale analyses examining ecoregional and wetland type population means for (1) the three NNPI metrics, (2) absolute cover of growth-habit groups of nonnative plants, and (3) metrics describing human-mediated disturbance. Finally, we examined ecological relationships with site-level NNPI status using a random forest (RF) analysis with NNPI as the response variable and predictor variables including ecoregion, wetland type, and a variety of characteristics describing natural vegetation structure, environment, and human-mediated disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa K Magee
- Office Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR, 97333, USA.
| | - Karen A Blocksom
- Office Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR, 97333, USA
| | - Alan T Herlihy
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Amanda M Nahlik
- Office Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR, 97333, USA
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9
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Molofsky J, Collins AR, Imbert E, Bitinas T, Lavergne S. Are Invasive Genotypes Superior? An Experimental Approach Using Native and Invasive Genotypes of the Invasive Grass <i>Phalaris Arundinacea</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/oje.2017.72010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Barth S, Jankowska MJ, Hodkinson TR, Vellani T, Klaas M. Variation in sequences containing microsatellite motifs in the perennial biomass and forage grass, Phalaris arundinacea (Poaceae). BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:184. [PMID: 27005474 PMCID: PMC4804619 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-1994-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Forty three microsatellite markers were developed for further genetic characterisation of a forage and biomass grass crop, for which genomic resources are currently scarce. The microsatellite markers were developed from a normalized EST-SSR library. All of the 43 markers gave a clear banding pattern on 3 % Metaphor agarose gels. Eight selected SSR markers were tested in detail for polymorphism across eleven DNA samples of large geographic distribution across Europe. The new set of 43 SSR markers will help future research to characterise the genetic structure and diversity of Phalaris arundinacea, with a potential to further understand its invasive character in North American wetlands, as well as aid in breeding work for desired biomass and forage traits. P. arundinacea is particularly valued in the northern latitude as a crop with high biomass potential, even more so on marginal lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Barth
- Teagasc Crops Environment and Land Use Programme, Oak Park Research Centre, Carlow, Ireland.
| | | | | | - Tia Vellani
- Teagasc Crops Environment and Land Use Programme, Oak Park Research Centre, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Manfred Klaas
- Teagasc Crops Environment and Land Use Programme, Oak Park Research Centre, Carlow, Ireland
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11
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12
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Comparison of photosynthetic characteristics in cultivated and wild offspring of the invasive Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana Decne.). Biol Invasions 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-013-0528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Les DH, Peredo EL, Benoit LK, Tippery NP, King UM, Sheldon SP. Phytogeography of Najas gracillima (Hydrocharitaceae) in North America and its cryptic introduction to California. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2013; 100:1905-1915. [PMID: 24018853 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY The discontinuous North American distribution of Najas gracillima has not been explained satisfactorily. Influences of extirpation, nonindigenous introduction, and postglacial migration on its distribution were evaluated using field, fossil, morphological, and molecular data. Najas is a major waterfowl food, and appropriate conservation measures rely on accurate characterization of populations as indigenous or imperiled. • METHODS Seed lengths of N. gracillima from native Korean populations, a nonindigenous Italian population, and North American populations were compared using digital image analysis. DNA sequence analyses from these regions provided nine nrITS genotypes and eight cpDNA haplotypes. • KEY RESULTS Najas gracillima seeds from Eurasia and California are shorter than those from eastern North America. Nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences of N. gracillima from Korea and Italy were identical to California material but differed from native eastern North American plants. Eastern North American specimens of N. gracillima at localities above the last glacial maximum boundary were identical or similar genetically to material from the northeastern United States and Atlantic Coastal Plain and Piedmont but divergent from plants of the Interior Highlands-Mississippi Embayment region. • CONCLUSIONS In California, N. gracillima is nonindigenous and introduced from Asia. In eastern North America, populations that colonized deglaciated areas were derived primarily from refugia in the Atlantic Coastal Plain and Piedmont. Genetic data indicate initial postglacial migration to northeastern North America, with subsequent westward dispersal into the Upper Great Lakes. These results differentiate potentially invasive California populations from seriously imperiled indigenous eastern North American populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald H Les
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3043, USA
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14
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Sowerwine JE, Rinella MJ, Carlson ML. Do Populations of an Invasive Weed Differ Greatly in Their Per-Gram Competitive Effects? WEST N AM NATURALIST 2012. [DOI: 10.3398/064.072.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Townsend L, Hebda RJ. Pollen and Macro‐Fossil Assemblages in Disturbed Urban Wetlands on South Vancouver Island Reveal Recent Invasion of Reed Canarygrass (
Phalaris arundinacea
) and Guide Restoration. Restor Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100x.2011.00851.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lise Townsend
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Richard J. Hebda
- Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biology, and School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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16
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Xia HB, Xia H, Ellstrand NC, Yang C, Lu BR. Rapid evolutionary divergence and ecotypic diversification of germination behavior in weedy rice populations. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 191:1119-1127. [PMID: 21569036 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03766.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Feral plants have evolved from well-studied crops, providing good systems for elucidation of how weediness evolves. As yet, they have been largely neglected for this purpose. The evolution of weediness can occur by simple back mutations in domestication genes (domestication in reverse). Whether the evolutionary steps to weediness always occur in reverse remains largely unknown. We examined seed germination behavior in recently evolved weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) populations and their coexisting cultivars in eastern and north-eastern China to address whether 'dedomestication' is the simple reverse of domestication. We found that these weedy populations did not diverge from their progenitors by reverting to the pre-domestication trait of seed dormancy. Instead, they have evolved a novel mechanism to avoid growing in inappropriate environments via changes in critical temperature cues for seed germination. Furthermore, we found evidence for subsequent ecotypic divergence of these populations such that the critical temperature for germination correlates with the local habitat temperature at latitudinal gradients. The origins of problematic plant species, weeds and invasives, have already been studied in detail. These plants can thus be used as systems for studying rapid evolution. To determine whether and how that evolution is adaptive, experiments such as those described here can be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Bing Xia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Handan Road 220, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Handan Road 220, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Norman C Ellstrand
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Conservation Biology, and Center for Invasive Species Research, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0124, USA
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Handan Road 220, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bao-Rong Lu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Handan Road 220, Shanghai 200433, China
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17
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Hulme PE. Consistent flowering response to global warming by European plants introduced into North America. Funct Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01899.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Poór P, Gémes K, Horváth F, Szepesi A, Simon ML, Tari I. Salicylic acid treatment via the rooting medium interferes with stomatal response, CO2 fixation rate and carbohydrate metabolism in tomato, and decreases harmful effects of subsequent salt stress. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2011; 13:105-14. [PMID: 21143731 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2010.00344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) applied at 10(-3) m in hydroponic culture decreased stomatal conductance (g(s)), maximal CO(2) fixation rate (A(max) ) and initial slopes of the CO(2) (A/C(i)) and light response (A/PPFD) curves, carboxylation efficiency of Rubisco (CE) and photosynthetic quantum efficiency (Q), resulting in the death of tomato plants. However, plants could acclimate to lower concentrations of SA (10(-7) -10(-4) m) and, after 3 weeks, returned to control levels of g(s), photosynthetic performance and soluble sugar content. In response to high salinity (100 mm NaCl), the pre-treated plants exhibited higher A(max) as a function of internal CO(2) concentration (C(i) ) or photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), and higher CE and Q values than salt-treated controls, suggesting more effective photosynthesis after SA treatment. Growth in 10(-7) or 10(-4) m SA-containing solution led to accumulation of soluble sugars in both leaf and root tissues, which remained higher in both plant parts during salt stress at 10(-4) m SA. The activity of hexokinase (HXK) with glucose, but not fructose, as substrate was reduced by SA treatment in leaf and root samples, leading to accumulation of glucose and fructose in leaf tissues. HXK activity decreased further under high salinity in both plant organs. The accumulation of soluble sugars and sucrose in roots of plants growing in the presence of 10(-4) m SA contributed to osmotic adjustment and improved tolerance to subsequent salt stress. Apart from its putative role in delaying senescence, decreased HXK activity may divert hexoses from catabolic reactions to osmotic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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19
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Pajević S, Borišev M, Orčić D, Boža P, Nikolić N. Photosynthetic and biochemical characteristics of invasive species (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Ambrosia trifida L. and Iva xanthifolia Nutt.) depending on soil humidity and phenological phase. RUSS J ECOL+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413610060068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Ellstrand NC, Heredia SM, Leak-Garcia JA, Heraty JM, Burger JC, Yao L, Nohzadeh-Malakshah S, Ridley CE. Crops gone wild: evolution of weeds and invasives from domesticated ancestors. Evol Appl 2010; 3:494-504. [PMID: 25567942 PMCID: PMC3352506 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00140.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of problematic plants, both weeds and invasives, is a topic of increasing interest. Plants that have evolved from domesticated ancestors have certain advantages for study. Because of their economic importance, domesticated plants are generally well-characterized and readily available for ecogenetic comparison with their wild descendants. Thus, the evolutionary history of crop descendants has the potential to be reconstructed in some detail. Furthermore, growing crop progenitors with their problematic descendants in a common environment allows for the identification of significant evolutionary differences that correlate with weediness or invasiveness. We sought well-established examples of invasives and weeds for which genetic and/or ethnobotanical evidence has confirmed their evolution from domesticates. We found surprisingly few cases, only 13. We examine our list for generalizations and then some selected cases to reveal how plant pests have evolved from domesticates. Despite their potential utility, crop descendants remain underexploited for evolutionary study. Promising evolutionary research opportunities for these systems are abundant and worthy of pursuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman C Ellstrand
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences and Center for Conservation Biology, University of California Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Sylvia M Heredia
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences and Center for Conservation Biology, University of California Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Janet A Leak-Garcia
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences and Center for Conservation Biology, University of California Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Joanne M Heraty
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences and Center for Conservation Biology, University of California Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Li Yao
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences and Center for Conservation Biology, University of California Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Sahar Nohzadeh-Malakshah
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences and Center for Conservation Biology, University of California Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Caroline E Ridley
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment Arlington, VA, USA
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21
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Differential response to frequency-dependent interactions: an experimental test using genotypes of an invasive grass. Oecologia 2010; 164:959-69. [PMID: 20652596 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-010-1719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Positive feedbacks have been suggested as a means for non-indigenous species to successfully invade novel environments. Frequency-dependent feedbacks refer to a species performance being dependent on its local abundance in the population; however, frequency dependence is often described as a monolithic trait of a species rather than examining the variation in response for individual genotypes and fitness traits. Here, we investigate frequency-dependent outcomes for individual genotypes and fitness-related traits for the invasive grass Phalaris arundinacea. We tested for competition-mediated frequency dependence by establishing hexagonal arrays with the center target plant surrounded by either same, different or no genotype neighbors to determine how changing the small-scale frequency neighborhood-influenced invasion success. We used a Bayesian ANOVA approach which allowed us to easily accommodate our non-normal dataset and found that same neighbor plots had greater biomass production than different neighbor plots. Target plants also had greater stem height and aboveground biomass when surrounded by same genotype neighbors. A greenhouse experiment did not support the hypothesis that increased mycorrhizal associations were the cause of positive frequency dependence. We devised a frequency-dependent metric to quantify the extent of fitness-related differences for individual genotypes and found that individual genotypes showed a range of both positive and negative responses to different frequency treatments; however, only positive responses were statistically significant. The small-scale genotypic neighborhood had no effect for the fitness-related traits of leaf number, belowground biomass and total biomass. We demonstrate that individual invasive genotypes respond differently to changing frequency neighborhoods and that growth responses do not respond with the same direction and magnitude. A range of frequency-dependent responses may allow genotypes to invade a wide range of environments.
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Spyreas G, Wilm BW, Plocher AE, Ketzner DM, Matthews JW, Ellis JL, Heske EJ. Biological consequences of invasion by reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea). Biol Invasions 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-009-9544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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