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Fischbein D, Kun ME, Chillo V, Masciocchi M, Germano MD, Cardozo A, Martínez AS. Resident Hymenopteran Parasitoids with Potential Drosophilid Associations in Andean North Patagonia: Implications for the Biological Control of the Spotted Wing Drosophila. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:18-28. [PMID: 37752294 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, is native to Southeast Asia and has become a serious pest of soft-skinned fruits worldwide. Several control methods are being tested worldwide as part of an integrated pest management approach. Biological control is a promising alternative tactic that can be used to manage D. suzukii populations, especially in unmanaged areas. This study aimed at exploring the diversity of resident hymenopteran parasitoids of drosophilids in northwestern Patagonia, where D. suzukii is considered an important pest. The survey also aimed to investigate possible associations between parasitoids and D. suzukii in several crops and non-crop fruits, and to determine D. suzukii fruits infestation levels. Fourteen sites with mainly berry crops were sampled biweekly using cider vinegar traps and collecting fresh fruits from a variety of crop and non-crop fruit plants. We identified five species of hymenopteran parasitoids, obtained from the baited traps, that have the potential to associate with D. suzukii: Leptopilina heterotoma Thomson, Ganaspis brasiliensis Ihering, Hexacola hexatoma Hartig (Figitidae), Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae Rondani (Pteromalidae), and Spalangia endius Walker (Spalangiidae). Leptopilina heterotoma is reported for the first time in Argentina. High numbers of D. suzukii adults were recovered from baited traps and field-collected fruits. However, no parasitoid emerged from D. suzukii pupae recovered from fruits, nor were any dead parasitoids recorded inside D. suzukii pupae. Overall infestation levels of D. suzukii on field-collected fruits did not differ significantly between species/varieties. The results are discussed with emphasis on the possible functionality and perspectives of using these species as biological control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Fischbein
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB, INTA EEA Bariloche-CONICET), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo Eduardo Kun
- Laboratorio de Zoología, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, CRUB, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Verónica Chillo
- Agencia de Extensión Rural Bolsón (IFAB, INTA EEA Bariloche-CONICET), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Maité Masciocchi
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB, INTA EEA Bariloche-CONICET), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Mónica Daniela Germano
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB, INTA EEA Bariloche-CONICET), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Andrea Cardozo
- Agencia de Extensión Rural Bolsón (IFAB, INTA EEA Bariloche-CONICET), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Andrés Santiago Martínez
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB, INTA EEA Bariloche-CONICET), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
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Bloom EH, Constancio N, Hauri KC, Szendrei Z. A newly invasive species may promote dissimilarity of pest populations between organic and conventional farming systems. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2615. [PMID: 35365941 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Insect taxa vary in their phenology across space creating dissimilar patterns of species abundance over time. The role of human disturbances and invasive species in these patterns of temporal dissimilarity (phenological differences) across space, however, remain largely unexplored. To dissect these patterns, we evaluated four common pests and one newly invasive species (Contarinia nasturtii; Swede midge) at 220 time points across 2 years on organic and conventional farms. We first summarized across time and evaluated differences in pest abundance between farm management (organic and conventional). We then used generalized additive models to describe temporal patterns of abundance, disentangling phenological differences across management systems. Last, we conducted a temporal beta diversity analysis to identify which species and management practices contribute most to dissimilarity. We found that aggregating pest abundance across time and species masked differences in pest phenology across management systems and concealed variation in pest abundance that was strongly driven by an invasive species, respectively. Overall, our results suggest that organic and conventional farms may be only superficially similar in pest abundance. Rather, by accounting for time, we demonstrate a more nuanced understanding of pest communities moving beyond abundance that may be particularly important for management of newly invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias H Bloom
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Natalie Constancio
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kayleigh C Hauri
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Zsofia Szendrei
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Alvarez-Baca JK, Montealegre X, Le Lann C, Van Baaren J, Lavandero B. Effect of a cover crop on the aphid incidence is not explained by increased top-down regulation. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13299. [PMID: 35646482 PMCID: PMC9138172 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cover crops can be used as a habitat management strategy to enhance the natural enemies and their temporal synchronization with a target pest. We examined the effect of winter oat intercropping within organic plum orchards on the natural enemy abundance and seasonal dynamics on the biological control of plum aphids in spring in Central Chile. Methods We compared the incidence and abundance of natural enemies and aphid pests from winter to the end of spring using two treatments: (1) plum trees with an oat cover crop (OCC) and (2) plum trees without a cover crop but with spontaneous vegetation (SV). We hypothesized that cover crops allow the development of winter cereal aphids, promoting the early arrival of natural enemies in spring, resulting in an earlier control of plum aphids. Results Winter cereal aphids developed well on the OCC, and as a result, a lower plum aphid incidence in spring was observed when compared to the SV. However, the abundance of natural enemies and the parasitism rates cannot explain the positive impacts of the oat cover crop on the aphid populations as there were no differences between treatments. A potential effect of the oat due to chemical and/or physical stimuli (bottom-up effects) could help to explain these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeniffer K. Alvarez-Baca
- CNRS, ECOBIO (écosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)—UMR 6553, Université Rennes I, Rennes, Bretagne, France,Laboratorio de Control Biológico, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Maule, Chile
| | | | - Cécile Le Lann
- CNRS, ECOBIO (écosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)—UMR 6553, Université Rennes I, Rennes, Bretagne, France
| | - Joan Van Baaren
- CNRS, ECOBIO (écosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)—UMR 6553, Université Rennes I, Rennes, Bretagne, France
| | - Blas Lavandero
- Laboratorio de Control Biológico, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Maule, Chile
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Fountain MT. Impacts of Wildflower Interventions on Beneficial Insects in Fruit Crops: A Review. INSECTS 2022; 13:304. [PMID: 35323602 PMCID: PMC8955123 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Integrated pest management (IPM) has been practiced by the fruit industry for at least 30 years. Naturally occurring beneficial insects have been encouraged to thrive alongside introduced predatory insects. However, Conservation Biological Control (CBC) and augmented biocontrol through the release of large numbers of natural enemies is normally only widely adopted when a pest has become resistant to available conventional pesticides and control has begun to break down. In addition, the incorporation of wild pollinator management, essential to fruit production, has, in the past, not been a priority but is now increasingly recognized through integrated pest and pollinator management (IPPM). This review focuses on the impacts on pest regulation and pollination services in fruit crops through the delivery of natural enemies and pollinating insects by provisioning areas of fruiting crops with floral resources. Most of the studies in this review highlighted beneficial or benign impacts of floral resource prevision to fruit crops. However, placement in the landscape and spill-over of beneficial arthropods into the crop can be influential and limiting. This review also highlights the need for longer-term ecological studies to understand the impacts of changing arthropod communities over time and the opportunity to tailor wildflower mixes to specific crops for increased pest control and pollination benefits, ultimately impacting fruit growers bottom-line with less reliance on pesticides.
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Hauri KC, Glassmire AE, Randall B, Zehr LN, Wetzel WC. Plant chemical diversity and its frequency have distinct but complementary effects on insect foraging. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh C. Hauri
- Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
| | - Andrea E. Glassmire
- Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
| | - Brendan Randall
- Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
| | - Luke N. Zehr
- Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
| | - William C. Wetzel
- Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
- Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
- Kellogg Biological Station Michigan State University Hickory Corners MI USA
- AgBioResearch Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
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Poggi S, Sergent M, Mammeri Y, Plantegenest M, Le Cointe R, Bourhis Y. Dynamic role of grasslands as sources of soil-dwelling insect pests: New insights from in silico experiments for pest management strategies. Ecol Modell 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Hennig EI, Mazzi D. Spotted Wing Drosophila in Sweet Cherry Orchards in Relation to Forest Characteristics, Bycatch, and Resource Availability. INSECTS 2018; 9:E118. [PMID: 30217056 PMCID: PMC6165403 DOI: 10.3390/insects9030118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Forest vegetation is essential for the population development of the spotted wing drosophila (SWD). Yet, little is known of how the structure of surrounding forest areas influence the abundance of SWD within orchards. In this work, we use data from a field trial at five sites in Switzerland to analyse the relationship between the extent of forest area, its edge density, and its distance from the orchard with the occurrence of SWD in sweet cherry orchards in a Bayesian hierarchical model. Availability of cherries and bycatch were also included in the model to account for effects of resource availability and trap attractiveness, respectively. For all main effects and their interactions, we accounted for potential temporal changes by adding interactions with time. We found that the closer an orchard was to a forest, the more SWD were trapped within the orchard. However, the interaction of forest proximity with forest area caused a disproportionate decrease of SWD catches. Also, the within orchard variables, trap catches of other drosophilid flies and resource availability affected SWD trap catches, but their relation changed in the course of the experiment. The findings imply that reducing SWD occurrence in orchards and other crop fields requires not only the consideration of processes outside and within the host crop field, but also of temporally changing relationships between SWD and other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Ireneusz Hennig
- Research Division Plant Protection, Agroscope, Müller-Thurgau-Strasse 29, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland.
| | - Dominique Mazzi
- Research Division Plant Protection, Agroscope, Müller-Thurgau-Strasse 29, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland.
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Rundlöf M, Lundin O, Bommarco R. Annual flower strips support pollinators and potentially enhance red clover seed yield. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:7974-7985. [PMID: 30250677 PMCID: PMC6144972 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological intensification provides opportunity to increase agricultural productivity while minimizing negative environmental impacts, by supporting ecosystem services such as crop pollination and biological pest control. For this we need to develop targeted management solutions that provide critical resources to service-providing organisms at the right time and place. We tested whether annual strips of early flowering phacelia Phacelia tanacetifolia support pollinators and natural enemies of seed weevils Protapion spp., by attracting and offering nectar and pollen before the crop flowers. This was expected to increase yield of red clover Trifolium pratense seed. We monitored insect pollinators, pests, natural enemies and seed yields in a total of 50 clover fields along a landscape heterogeneity gradient, over 2 years and across two regions in southern Sweden. About half of the fields were sown with flower strips of 125-2,000 m2. The clover fields were pollinated by 60% bumble bees Bombus spp. and 40% honey bees Apis mellifera. The clover seed yield was negatively associated with weevil density, but was unrelated to bee species richness and density. Flower strips enhanced bumble bees species richness in the clover fields, with the strongest influence in heterogeneous landscapes. There were few detectable differences between crop fields with and without flower strips. However, long-tongued bumble bees were redistributed toward field interiors and during phacelia bloom honey bees toward field edges. Clover seed yield also increased with increasing size of the flower strip. We conclude that annual flower strips of early flower resources can support bumble bee species richness and, if sufficiently large, possibly also increase crop yields. However, clover seed yield was mainly limited by weevil infestation, which was not influenced by the annual flower strips. A future goal should be to design targeted measures for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maj Rundlöf
- Department of BiologyLund UniversityLundSweden
- Department of Entomology and NematologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia
| | - Ola Lundin
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
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9
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Agroecological Pest Management in the City: Experiences from California and Chiapas. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10062068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Egerer MH, Liere H, Lin BB, Jha S, Bichier P, Philpott SM. Herbivore regulation in urban agroecosystems: Direct and indirect effects. Basic Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Lowenstein DM, Gharehaghaji M, Wise DH. Substantial Mortality of Cabbage Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Predators in Urban Agriculture Is not Influenced by Scale of Production or Variation in Local and Landscape-Level Factors. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:30-37. [PMID: 28025223 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvw147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As Midwestern (United States) cities experience population decline, there is growing interest in converting underutilized vacant spaces to agricultural production. Urban agriculture varies in area and scope, yet most growers use similar cultivation practices such as avoiding chemical control of crop pests. For community gardens and farms that sell produce commercially, effective pest suppression by natural enemies is important for both societal, economic, and marketing reasons. To gauge the amount of prey suppression at 28 urban food-production sites, we measured removal of sentinel eggs and larvae of the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), a caterpillar pest that defoliates Brassica. We investigated how landscape and local factors, such as scale of production, influence cabbage looper mortality caused by predators. Predators removed 50% of eggs and 25% of larvae over a 3-d period. Landscape factors did not predict mortality rates, and the amount of loss and damage to sentinel prey were similar across sites that differed in scale (residential gardens, community gardens, and farms). To confirm that removal of sentinel items was likely caused by natural enemies, we set up a laboratory assay that measured predation of cabbage looper eggs and larvae by several predators occurring in urban gardens. Lady beetles caused the highest mortality rates, suggesting their potential value for biocontrol; spiders and pirate bugs also consumed both eggs and larvae at high rates. Our results suggest that urban growers benefit from high consumption rates of cabbage looper eggs and larvae by arthropod predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Lowenstein
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St. (M/C 066), Chicago, IL 60607 (; )
- Current address: Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, 4017 Agriculture & Life Sciences, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Maryam Gharehaghaji
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St. (M/C 066), Chicago, IL 60607 (; )
| | - David H Wise
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St. (M/C 066), Chicago, IL 60607 (; )
- Institute for Environmental Science and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 2121 West Taylor St. (MC 673), Chicago, IL 60612
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13
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Landscape structure and agricultural intensification are weak predictors of host range and parasitism rate of cereal aphids. Ecol Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-016-1419-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Rearranging agricultural landscapes towards habitat quality optimisation: In silico application to pest regulation. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Venugopal PD, Dively GP, Lamp WO. Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the Invasive Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in and Between Adjacent Corn and Soybean Fields. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:2231-41. [PMID: 26453711 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge on movement and spatial patterns of insect pest populations among preferred hosts aids in the development of effective pest management strategies. In this study, we quantified the spatiotemporal dynamics of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål 1855), in relation to field corn, Zea mays L., and soybean, Glycine max (L.), crop phenology. We also examined the potential role of corn as a source of stink bugs in adjacent soybean. The highest density of stink bugs in each crop coincided with blister to milk-dough stages in corn (R2-R3/R4), and beginning seed to full seed (R5-R6) stages in soybean. In entire fields of adjacent corn and soybean, H. halys was found in very low density (<0.5/m(2)) or absent beyond 25 m from the field edge. Inverse distance weighted interpolations of H. halys densities suggest potential dispersal of H. halys, particularly adults and large nymphs, from corn into soybean, coinciding with the end of dough stage in corn and beginning of soybean seed development stage. These findings have important implications for managing H. halys through location and timing of scouting efforts, consideration of crop arrangement, and decisions on management interventions. Repeated scouting of field corn to assess H. halys densities, particularly from blister stage onwards, could inform decisions on management interventions for preventing or mitigating H. halys colonization into soybean. Where H. halys is an economic problem, reducing the extent of boundary shared between corn and soybean could reduce dispersal into soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dilip Venugopal
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, 4112 Plant Sciences Bldg., College Park, MD 20742.
| | - Galen P Dively
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, 4112 Plant Sciences Bldg., College Park, MD 20742
| | - William O Lamp
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, 4112 Plant Sciences Bldg., College Park, MD 20742
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Jonsson M, Straub CS, Didham RK, Buckley HL, Case BS, Hale RJ, Gratton C, Wratten SD. Experimental evidence that the effectiveness of conservation biological control depends on landscape complexity. J Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Jonsson
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; PO Box 7044 SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
- Bio-Protection Research Centre; Lincoln University; PO Box 84 Lincoln 7647 New Zealand
| | - Cory S. Straub
- Department of Biology; Ursinus College; Collegeville PA 19426-1000 USA
| | - Raphael K. Didham
- School of Animal Biology; The University of Western Australia; 35 Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water Flagship; Centre for Environment and Life Sciences; Underwood Ave Floreat WA 6014 Australia
| | - Hannah L. Buckley
- Department of Ecology; Lincoln University; PO Box 84 Lincoln 7647 New Zealand
| | - Bradley S. Case
- Department of Ecology; Lincoln University; PO Box 84 Lincoln 7647 New Zealand
| | - Roddy J. Hale
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Claudio Gratton
- Department of Entomology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Steve D. Wratten
- Bio-Protection Research Centre; Lincoln University; PO Box 84 Lincoln 7647 New Zealand
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Naranjo SE, Ellsworth PC, Frisvold GB. Economic value of biological control in integrated pest management of managed plant systems. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 60:621-45. [PMID: 25423598 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010814-021005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Biological control is an underlying pillar of integrated pest management, yet little focus has been placed on assigning economic value to this key ecosystem service. Setting biological control on a firm economic foundation would help to broaden its utility and adoption for sustainable crop protection. Here we discuss approaches and methods available for valuation of biological control of arthropod pests by arthropod natural enemies and summarize economic evaluations in classical, augmentative, and conservation biological control. Emphasis is placed on valuation of conservation biological control, which has received little attention. We identify some of the challenges of and opportunities for applying economics to biological control to advance integrated pest management. Interaction among diverse scientists and stakeholders will be required to measure the direct and indirect costs and benefits of biological control that will allow farmers and others to internalize the benefits that incentivize and accelerate adoption for private and public good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Naranjo
- USDA-ARS, Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, Arizona 85138;
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18
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Bennett AB, Gratton C. Floral diversity increases beneficial arthropod richness and decreases variability in arthropod community composition. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2013; 23:86-95. [PMID: 23495638 DOI: 10.1890/11-2029.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Declines in species diversity resulting from anthropogenic alterations of the environment heighten the need to develop management strategies that conserve species and ecosystem services. This study examined how native plant species and their diversity influence the abundance and richness of beneficial arthropods, a functionally important group that provides ecosystem services such as pollination and natural pest suppression. Beneficial arthropods were sampled in replicated study plots containing native perennials planted in one-, two-, and seven-species mixtures. We found plant diversity had a positive impact on arthropod richness but not on arthropod abundance. An analysis of arthropod community composition revealed that each flower species attracted a different assemblage of beneficial arthropods. In addition, the full seven-species mixture also attracted a distinct arthropod community compared to single-species monocultures. Using a multivariate approach, we determined whether arthropod assemblages in two- and seven-species plots were additive and could be predicted based on assemblages from their component single-species plots. On average, assemblages in diverse plots were nonadditive when compared to assemblages predicted using single-species plots. Arthropod assemblages in two-species plots most closely resembled those of only one of the flower species in the mixture. However, the arthropod assemblages in seven-species plots, although statistically deviating from the expectation of an additive model, more closely resembled predicted communities compared to the assemblages found in two-species plots, suggesting that variability in arthropod community composition decreased as planting diversity increased. Our study demonstrates that careful selection of plants in managed landscapes can augment beneficial arthropod richness and support a more predictable arthropod community, suggesting that planning and design efforts could shape arthropod assemblages in natural as well as managed landscapes to meet targeted conservation or management goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley B Bennett
- Department of Entomology, 1630 Linden Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
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Balzan MV, Moonen AC. Management strategies for the control ofTuta absoluta
(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) damage in open-field cultivations
of processing tomato in Tuscany (Italy). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/epp.2558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. V. Balzan
- Institute of Life Sciences; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna; Via S. Cecilia, 3 Pisa 56127 Italy
| | - A.-C. Moonen
- Institute of Life Sciences; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna; Via S. Cecilia, 3 Pisa 56127 Italy
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Carrière Y, Goodell PB, Ellers-Kirk C, Larocque G, Dutilleul P, Naranjo SE, Ellsworth PC. Effects of local and landscape factors on population dynamics of a cotton pest. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39862. [PMID: 22768147 PMCID: PMC3387197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many polyphagous pests sequentially use crops and uncultivated habitats in landscapes dominated by annual crops. As these habitats may contribute in increasing or decreasing pest density in fields of a specific crop, understanding the scale and temporal variability of source and sink effects is critical for managing landscapes to enhance pest control. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We evaluated how local and landscape characteristics affect population density of the western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus (Knight), in cotton fields of the San Joaquin Valley in California. During two periods covering the main window of cotton vulnerability to Lygus attack over three years, we examined the associations between abundance of six common Lygus crops, uncultivated habitats and Lygus population density in these cotton fields. We also investigated impacts of insecticide applications in cotton fields and cotton flowering date. Consistent associations observed across periods and years involved abundances of cotton and uncultivated habitats that were negatively associated with Lygus density, and abundance of seed alfalfa and cotton flowering date that were positively associated with Lygus density. Safflower and forage alfalfa had variable effects, possibly reflecting among-year variation in crop management practices, and tomato, sugar beet and insecticide applications were rarely associated with Lygus density. Using data from the first two years, a multiple regression model including the four consistent factors successfully predicted Lygus density across cotton fields in the last year of the study. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results show that the approach developed here is appropriate to characterize and test the source and sink effects of various habitats on pest dynamics and improve the design of landscape-level pest management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Carrière
- Department of Entomology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America.
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Abstract
Biological invasions are a global and increasing threat to the function and diversity of ecosystems. Allee effects (positive density dependence) have been shown to play an important role in the establishment and spread of non-native species. Although Allee effects can be considered a bane in conservation efforts, they can be a benefit in attempts to manage non-native species. Many biological invaders are subject to some form of an Allee effect, whether due to a need to locate mates, cooperatively feed or reproduce or avoid becoming a meal, yet attempts to highlight the specific exploitation of Allee effects in biological invasions are surprisingly unprecedented. In this review, we highlight current strategies that effectively exploit an Allee effect, and propose novel means by which Allee effects can be manipulated to the detriment of biological invaders. We also illustrate how the concept of Allee effects can be integral in risk assessments and in the prioritization of resources allocated to manage non-native species, as some species beset by strong Allee effects could be less successful as invaders. We describe how tactics that strengthen an existing Allee effect or create new ones could be used to manage biological invasions more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Tobin
- Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Northern Research Station, 180 Canfield Street, Morgantown, WV 26505-3101, USA.
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