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Kharouba HM. Shifting the paradigm: The role of introduced plants in the resiliency of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17319. [PMID: 38804095 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Current ecological communities are in a constant state of flux from climate change and from species introductions. Recent discussion has focused on the positive roles introduced species can play in ecological communities and on the importance of conserving resilient ecosystems, but not how these two ideas intersect. There has been insufficient work to define the attributes needed to support ecosystem resilience to climate change in modern communities. Here, I argue that non-invasive, introduced plant species could play an important role in supporting the resilience of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change. Using examples from multiple taxonomic groups and ecosystems, I discuss how introduced plants can contribute to ecosystem resilience via their roles in plant and insect communities, as well as their associated ecosystem functions. I highlight the current and potential contributions of introduced plants and where there are critical knowledge gaps. Determining when and how introduced plants are contributing to the resilience of ecosystems to climate change will contribute to effective conservation strategies.
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Li X, Zhang Y, Kong FL, Naz M, Zhou JY, Qi SS, Dai ZC, Du DL. Invasive Plant Alternanthera philoxeroides Benefits More Competition Advantage from Rhizosphere Bacteria Regardless of the Host Source. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112085. [PMID: 37299065 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rhizosphere plays a vital role in the exchange of materials in the soil-plant ecosystem, and rhizosphere microorganisms are crucial for plant growth and development. In this study, we isolated two strains of Pantoea rhizosphere bacteria separately from invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides and native A. sessilis. We conducted a control experiment to test the effects of these bacteria on the growth and competition of the two plant species using sterile seedlings. Our findings showed that the rhizobacteria strain isolated from A. sessilis significantly promoted the growth of invasive A. philoxeroides in monoculture compared to native A. sessilis. Both strains significantly enhanced the growth and competitiveness of invasive A. philoxeroides under competition conditions, regardless of their host source. Our study suggests that rhizosphere bacteria, including those from different host sources, can contribute to the invasion of A. philoxeroides by significantly enhancing its competitiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Fang-Li Kong
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Misbah Naz
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jian-Yu Zhou
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shan-Shan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhi-Cong Dai
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Dao-Lin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Krapf P, Arthofer W, Ayasse M, Steiner FM, Schlick-Steiner BC. Global change may make hostile - Higher ambient temperature and nitrogen availability increase ant aggression. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160443. [PMID: 36436655 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Behaviour is a response of organisms to internal and external stimuli and comprises various activities such as searching for food. Aggression is important in such activities, for example, improving the chances of winning competition for food, but animals differ in their level of aggression. This behavioural plasticity allows individuals to respond to environmental changes and is important for the survival of animals. It may be an important asset in facing global changes, which affect all organisms, for example, via rising temperature and eutrophication. The latter have steadily increased since 1900, especially in high elevations. Their effects may first become visible in stationary organisms such as ants because their nests are strictly associated with the conditions on site. Here, we analysed eight populations of the high-elevation ant Tetramorium alpestre along several elevations spanning the European Alps. We conducted a correlative approach and analysed several genetic and environmental proxies, namely within- and across-colony genetic relatedness, cuticular hydrocarbons, body size, across-colony geographic distance, air temperature, and worker nitrogen values additionally to within-population aggressive behaviour. We hypothesised that a) these proxies and aggressive behaviour differ among populations and that b) one or more of these proxies influence aggression. We found that a) some environmental proxies and aggression differed among populations but not the genetic proxies and that b) air temperature and worker nitrogen-isotope values correlated positively with worker aggression. The results indicate an environmental but not social-structural influence on this ant's aggressive behaviour, even though social structure varied among populations (single- and multiple-queened colonies). We infer that global change affects aggression in our study system and propose five mutually non-exclusive scenarios to explain the behavioural change mechanistically. Using the space-for-time principle, we speculate that aggression may increase due to future increases in temperature and nitrogen availability in this ant and other species living in high elevations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Krapf
- Molecular Ecology Group, Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Arthofer
- Molecular Ecology Group, Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Manfred Ayasse
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian M Steiner
- Molecular Ecology Group, Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Birgit C Schlick-Steiner
- Molecular Ecology Group, Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
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Pastore MA. Bringing the underground to the surface: Climate change stressors negatively affect plant growth, with contrasting above and belowground physiological responses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2267-2270. [PMID: 35706391 PMCID: PMC9546244 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Pastore
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural ResourcesUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
- Gund Institute for EnvironmentUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
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Ren G, Yang B, Cui M, Yu H, Fan X, Dai Z, Sun J, Li G, Zhang H, Du D. Additive effects of warming and nitrogen addition on the performance and competitiveness of invasive Solidago canadensis L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1017554. [PMID: 36407577 PMCID: PMC9671518 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1017554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Changes in temperature and nitrogen (N) deposition determine the growth and competitive dominance of both invasive and native plants. However, a paucity of experimental evidence limits understanding of how these changes influence plant invasion. Therefore, we conducted a greenhouse experiment in which invasive Solidago canadensis L. was planted in mixed culture with native Artemisia argyi Levl. et Van under combined conditions of warming and N addition. Our results show that due to the strong positive effect of nitrogen addition, the temperature increases and nitrogen deposition interaction resulted in greatly enhanced species performance. Most of the relative change ratios (RCR) of phenotypic traits differences between S. canadensis and A. argyi occur in the low invasion stage, and six of eight traits had higher RCR in response to N addition and/or warming in native A. argyi than in invasive S. canadensis. Our results also demonstrate that the effects of the warming and nitrogen interaction on growth-related traits and competitiveness of S. canadensis and A. argyi were usually additive rather than synergistic or antagonistic. This conclusion suggests that the impact of warming and nitrogen deposition on S. canadensis can be inferred from single factor studies. Further, environmental changes did not modify the competitive relationship between invasive S. canadensis and native A. argyi but the relative yield of S. canadensis was significantly greater than A. argyi. This finding indicated that we can rule out the influence of environmental changes such as N addition and warming which makes S. canadensis successfully invade new habitats through competition. Correlation analysis showed that invasive S. canadensis may be more inclined to mobilize various characteristics to strengthen competition during the invasion process, which will facilitate S. canadensis becoming the superior competitor in S. canadensis-A. argyi interactions. These findings contribute to our understanding of the spreading of invasive plants such as S. canadensis under climate change and help identify potential precautionary measures that could prevent biological invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqian Ren
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Miaomiao Cui
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haochen Yu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xue Fan
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhicong Dai
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jianfan Sun
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guanlin Li
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- School of Inspection and Testing Certification, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering, Changzhou, China
| | - Daolin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Daolin Du,
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Wang M, Tang X, Sun X, Jia B, Xu H, Jiang S, Siemann E, Lu X. An invasive plant rapidly increased the similarity of soil fungal pathogen communities. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:327-336. [PMID: 33159517 PMCID: PMC7872125 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plant invasions can change soil microbial communities and affect subsequent invasions directly or indirectly via foliar herbivory. It has been proposed that invaders promote uniform biotic communities that displace diverse, spatially variable communities (the biotic homogenization hypothesis), but this has not been experimentally tested for soil microbial communities, so the underlying mechanisms and dynamics are unclear. Here, we compared density-dependent impacts of the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides and its native congener A. sessilis on soil fungal communities, and their feedback effects on plants and a foliar beetle. METHODS We conducted a plant-soil feedback (PSF) experiment and a laboratory bioassay to examine PSFs associated with the native and invasive plants and a beetle feeding on them. We also characterized the soil fungal community using high-throughput sequencing. KEY RESULTS We found locally differentiated soil fungal pathogen assemblages associated with high densities of the native plant A. sessilis but little variation in those associated with the invasive congener A. philoxeroides, regardless of plant density. In contrast, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal assemblages associated with high densities of the invasive plant were more variable. Soil biota decreased plant shoot mass but their effect was weak for the invasive plant growing in native plant-conditioned soils. PSFs increased the larval biomass of a beetle reared on leaves of the native plant only. Moreover, PSFs on plant shoot and root mass and beetle mass were predicted by different pathogen taxa in a plant species-specific manner. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that plant invasions can rapidly increase the similarity of soil pathogen assemblages even at low plant densities, leading to taxonomically and functionally homogeneous soil communities that may limit negative soil effects on invasive plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, China
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, China
| | - Xuefei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, China
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, China
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, China
| | - Bingbing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, China
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, China
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, China
| | - Suai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, China
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Biosciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xinmin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, China
- College of Plant Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, China
- For correspondence. E-mail
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Hamann E, Blevins C, Franks SJ, Jameel MI, Anderson JT. Climate change alters plant-herbivore interactions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1894-1910. [PMID: 33111316 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant-herbivore interactions have evolved in response to coevolutionary dynamics, along with selection driven by abiotic conditions. We examine how abiotic factors influence trait expression in both plants and herbivores to evaluate how climate change will alter this long-standing interaction. The paleontological record documents increased herbivory during periods of global warming in the deep past. In phylogenetically corrected meta-analyses, we find that elevated temperatures, CO2 concentrations, drought stress and nutrient conditions directly and indirectly induce greater food consumption by herbivores. Additionally, elevated CO2 delays herbivore development, but increased temperatures accelerate development. For annual plants, higher temperatures, CO2 and drought stress increase foliar herbivory. Our meta-analysis also suggests that greater temperatures and drought may heighten florivory in perennials. Human actions are causing concurrent shifts in CO2 , temperature, precipitation regimes and nitrogen deposition, yet few studies evaluate interactions among these changing conditions. We call for additional multifactorial studies that simultaneously manipulate multiple climatic factors, which will enable us to generate more robust predictions of how climate change could disrupt plant-herbivore interactions. Finally, we consider how shifts in insect and plant phenology and distribution patterns could lead to ecological mismatches, and how these changes may drive future adaptation and coevolution between interacting species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Hamann
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
| | - Cameron Blevins
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Steven J Franks
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
| | - M Inam Jameel
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jill T Anderson
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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8
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Meza-Lopez MM, Siemann E. Warming alone increased exotic snail reproduction and together with eutrophication influenced snail growth in native wetlands but did not impact plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135271. [PMID: 31791783 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Warming and eutrophication can have varying effects on exotic species performance and their interactions. These effects can vary with trophic level, but are rarely investigated simultaneously on exotic species from multiple trophic levels. To address this, we manipulated temperature, nutrients, and plant origin (native vs. exotic) in snail invaded wetland communities. Warming increased exotic apple snail (Pomacea maculata) reproduction (4-fold increase in egg mass) and also number of egg clutches produced while warming slowed exotic snail growth, suggesting a trade-off between reproduction and growth in exotic snails influenced by warming and nutrients. However, exotic snail size varied with warming and nutrients. Additionally, warming reduced native plant mass with no effect on exotic plants while nutrients had greater positive effects on exotic plants biomass. In combination warming and nutrient enrichment will likely increase exotic snail growth, while nutrient enrichment alone will contribute to exotic plant dominance. In conclusion, the individual and interactive effects of warming and eutrophication vary with the trophic level of exotic species with trade-offs in exotic herbivores depending on environmental conditions, making it difficult to predict effects of multiple anthropogenic factors on co-occurring exotic plants and their effects on native communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Meza-Lopez
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
| | - Evan Siemann
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
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Luo X, Xu X, Zheng Y, Guo H, Hu S. The role of phenotypic plasticity and rapid adaptation in determining invasion success of Plantago virginica. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Lu X, He M, Ding J, Siemann E. Latitudinal variation in soil biota: testing the biotic interaction hypothesis with an invasive plant and a native congener. THE ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:2811-2822. [PMID: 30013163 PMCID: PMC6246596 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil biota community structure can change with latitude, but the effects of changes on native plants, invasive plants, and their herbivores remain unclear. Here, we examined latitudinal variation in the soil biota community associated with the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides and its native congener A. sessilis, and the effects of soil biota community variation on these plants and the beetle Agasicles hygrophila. We characterized the soil bacterial and fungal communities and root-knot nematodes of plant rhizospheres collected from 22 °N to 36.6 °N in China. Soil biota community structure changed with latitude as a function of climate and soil properties. Root-knot nematode abundance and potential soil fungal pathogen diversity (classified with FUNGuild) decreased with latitude, apparently due to higher soil pH and lower temperatures. A greenhouse experiment and lab bioassay showed native plant mass, seed production, and mass of beetles fed native foliage increased with soil collection latitude. However, there were no latitudinal patterns for the invasive plant. These results suggest that invasive and native plants and, consequently, their herbivores have different responses to latitudinal changes in soil-borne enemies, potentially creating spatial variation in enemy release or biotic resistance. This highlights the importance of linking above- and below-ground multitrophic interactions to explore the role of soil biota in non-native plant invasions with a biogeographic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Minyan He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianqing Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.
| | - Evan Siemann
- Biosciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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11
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An invasive population of Solidago canadensis is less sensitive to warming and nitrogen-addition than its native population in an invaded range. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1812-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Welshofer KB, Zarnetske PL, Lany NK, Read QD. Short-term responses to warming vary between native vs. exotic species and with latitude in an early successional plant community. Oecologia 2018; 187:333-342. [PMID: 29550949 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is expected to favor exotic plant species over native species, because exotics tend to have wider climatic tolerances and greater phenological plasticity, and also because climate change may intensify enemy release. Here, we examine direct effects of warming (+ 1.8 °C above ambient) on plant abundance and phenology, as well as indirect effects of warming propagated through herbivores, in two heavily invaded plant communities in Michigan, USA, separated by approximately three degrees latitude. At the northern site, warming increased exotic plant abundance by 19% but decreased native plant abundance by 31%, indicating that exotic species may be favored in a warmer world. Warming also resulted in earlier spring green-up (1.65 ± 0.77 days), earlier flowering (2.18 ± 0.92 days), and greater damage by herbivores (twofold increase), affecting exotic and native species equally. Contrary to expectations, native and exotic plants experienced similar amounts of herbivory. Warming did not have strong ecological effects at the southern site, only resulting in a delay of flowering time by 2.42 ± 0.83 days for both native and exotic species. Consistent with the enemy release hypothesis, exotic plants experienced less herbivory than native plants at the southern site. Herbivory was lower under warming for both exotic and native species at the southern site. Thus, climate warming may favor exotic over native plant species, but the response is likely to depend on additional environmental and individual species' traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kileigh B Welshofer
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. .,Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Phoebe L Zarnetske
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Nina K Lany
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Quentin D Read
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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13
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Borgström P, Strengbom J, Marini L, Viketoft M, Bommarco R. Above- and belowground insect herbivory modifies the response of a grassland plant community to nitrogen eutrophication. Ecology 2017; 98:545-554. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla Borgström
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU); Ulls väg 16 75651 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Joachim Strengbom
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU); Ulls väg 16 75651 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Marini
- DAFNAE; University of Padova; Viale dell'Università 16 35020 Legnaro Padua Italy
| | - Maria Viketoft
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU); Ulls väg 16 75651 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU); Ulls väg 16 75651 Uppsala Sweden
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