1
|
Prabhaharan D, Park H, Choi O, Abraham A, Sang BI. Enhancing cellulose acetate biodegradability in cigarette filters: an in-depth analysis of thermal alkaline pretreatment, microbial dynamics, and breakdown pathway prediction. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:199. [PMID: 39026314 PMCID: PMC11256436 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The demand for bioplastics has increased exponentially as they have emerged as alternatives to petrochemical plastics. However, there is a substantial lack of knowledge regarding bioplastic degradation. This study developed a novel pretreatment method to improve the accessibility of a bioplastic substrate for biodegradation. In this study, cellulose acetate, a bioplastic found in the world's most littered waste, e.g. cigarette filters, was selected as a potential substrate. Before anaerobic digestion, three thermal alkaline pretreatments: TA 30 °C, TA 90 °C, and TA 121 °C, were used to evaluate their effects on the chemical alterations of cellulose acetate. RESULT The ester groups in cellulose acetate were significantly reduced by the TA 30 °C pretreatment, as seen by a decrease in C = O stretching vibrations and shortening of C - O stretches (1,270 ∼ 1,210 cm- 1), indicating effective removal of acetyl groups. This pretreatment significantly enhanced cellulose acetate biodegradability to a maximum of 91%, surpassing the previously reported cellulose acetate degradation. Methane production increased to 695.0 ± 4 mL/g of volatile solid after TA 30 °C pretreatment, indicating enhanced cellulose acetate accessibility to microorganisms, which resulted in superior biogas production compared to the control (306.0 ± 10 mL/g of volatile solid). Diverse microbes in the anaerobic digestion system included hydrolytic (AB240379_g, Acetomicrobium, FN436103_g, etc.), fermentative, and volatile fatty acids degrading bacteria (JF417922_g, AB274492_g, Coprothermobacter, etc.), with Methanobacterium and Methanothermobacter being the sole hydrogenotrophic methanogens in the anaerobic digestion system. Additionally, an attempt to predict the pathway for the effective degradation of cellulose acetate from the microbial community in different pretreatment conditions. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to estimate the maximum cellulose acetate degradation rate, with a simple and cost-effective pretreatment procedure. This approach holds promise for mitigating the environmental impact of cellulose acetate of cigarette filters and presents a sustainable and economically viable waste management strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darsha Prabhaharan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimniro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojung Park
- Center of Convergence Bioceramic Materials, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering & Technology, 202, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Okkyoung Choi
- Eco Lab Center, SK Ecoplant, 51, Jong-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Amith Abraham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimniro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-In Sang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimniro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qi K, Chen C, Yan F, Feng Y, Bayer EA, Kosugi A, Cui Q, Liu YJ. Coordinated β-glucosidase activity with the cellulosome is effective for enhanced lignocellulose saccharification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125441. [PMID: 34182347 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Consolidated bio-saccharification (CBS) technology employs cellulosome-producing bacterial cells, rather than fungal cellulases, as biocatalysts for cost-effective production of lignocellulosic sugars. Extracellular β-glucosidase (BGL) expression in the whole-cell arsenal is indispensable, due to severe cellobiose inhibition of the cellulosome. However, high-level BGL expression in Clostridium thermocellum is challenging, and the optimal BGL production level for efficient cellulose saccharification is currently unknown. Herein, we obtained new CBS biocatalysts by transforming BGL-expressing plasmids into C. thermocellum, which produced abundant BGL proteins and hydrolyzed cellulose effectively. The optimal ratio of extracellular BGL-to-cellulosome activity was determined to be in a range of 5.5 to 21.6. Despite the critical impact of BGL, both excessive BGL expression and its assembly on the cellulosome via type I cohesin-dockerin interaction led to reduced cellulosomal activity, which further confirmed the importance of coordinated BGL expression with the cellulosome. This study will further promote industrial CBS application in lignocellulose conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory for Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Qingdao 266101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory for Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Qingdao 266101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Fei Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory for Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Qingdao 266101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yingang Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory for Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Qingdao 266101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Edward A Bayer
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8499000, Israel
| | - Akihiko Kosugi
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Qiu Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory for Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Qingdao 266101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Ya-Jun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory for Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Qingdao 266101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cheawchanlertfa P, Tongsuk P, Sutheeworapong S, Waeonukul R, Pason P, Poomputsa K, Ratanakhanokchai K, Kosugi A, Tachaapaikoon C. A novel amylolytic/xylanolytic/cellulolytic multienzyme complex from Clostridium manihotivorum that hydrolyzes polysaccharides in cassava pulp. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6719-6733. [PMID: 34436648 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Some anaerobic bacteria, particularly Clostridium species, produce extracellular cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes as multienzyme complexes (MECs). However, an amylolytic/xylanolytic/cellulolytic multienzyme complex (AXC-MEC) from anaerobic bacteria is rarely found. In this work, the glycoprotein AXC-MEC, composed of subunits of amylolytic, xylanolytic, and cellulolytic enzymes, was isolated from crude extracellular enzyme of the mesophilic anaerobic bacterium Clostridium manihotivorum CT4, grown on cassava pulp, using a milled cassava pulp column and Sephacryl S-500 gel filtration chromatography. The isolated AXC-MEC showed a single band upon native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (native-PAGE). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed at least eight protein bands of the multienzyme complex which predominantly exhibited amylolytic enzyme activity, followed by xylanolytic and cellulolytic enzyme activities. The AXC-MEC is highly capable of degrading starch and non-starch polysaccharides present in cassava pulp into glucose and oligosaccharides, without conventional pretreatment. Base on the genomic analysis of C. manihotivorum CT4, we found no evidence of the known structural components of the well-known multienzyme complexes from Clostridium species, cellulosomes such as scaffoldin, cohesin, and dockerin, indicating that AXC-MEC from strain CT4 exhibit a different manner of assembly from the cellulosomes. These results suggest that AXC-MEC from C. manihotivorum CT4 is a new MEC capable of hydrolyzing cassava pulp into value-added products, which will benefit the starch industry. KEY POINTS: • Glycoprotein AXC-MEC was first reported in Clostridium manihotivorum. • Unlike cellulosomes, AXC-MEC consists of amylase, xylanase, and cellulase. • Glucose and oligosaccharides were hydrolysis products from cassava pulp by AXC-MEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pattsarun Cheawchanlertfa
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Pornpimon Tongsuk
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Sawannee Sutheeworapong
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Rattiya Waeonukul
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.,Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Patthra Pason
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.,Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Poomputsa
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Khanok Ratanakhanokchai
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.,Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Akihiko Kosugi
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Chakrit Tachaapaikoon
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand. .,Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cheawchanlertfa P, Sutheeworapong S, Jenjaroenpun P, Wongsurawat T, Nookaew I, Cheevadhanarak S, Kosugi A, Pason P, Waeonukul R, Ratanakhanokchai K, Tachaapaikoon C. Clostridium manihotivorum sp. nov., a novel mesophilic anaerobic bacterium that produces cassava pulp-degrading enzymes. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10343. [PMID: 33240652 PMCID: PMC7676355 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cassava pulp is a promising starch-based biomasses, which consists of residual starch granules entrapped in plant cell wall containing non-starch polysaccharides, cellulose and hemicellulose. Strain CT4T, a novel mesophilic anaerobic bacterium isolated from soil collected from a cassava pulp landfill, has a strong ability to degrade polysaccharides in cassava pulp. This study explored a rarely described species within the genus Clostridium that possessed a group of cassava pulp-degrading enzymes. METHODS A novel mesophilic anaerobic bacterium, the strain CT4T, was identified based on phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis. The complete genome of the strain CT4T was obtained following whole-genome sequencing, assembly and annotation using both Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) platforms. RESULTS Analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CT4T is a species of genus Clostridium. Analysis of the whole-genome average amino acid identity (AAI) of strain CT4T and the other 665 closely related species of the genus Clostridium revealed a separated strain CT4T from the others. The results revealed that the genome consisted of a 6.3 Mb circular chromosome with 5,664 protein-coding sequences. Genome analysis result of strain CT4T revealed that it contained a set of genes encoding amylolytic-, hemicellulolytic-, cellulolytic- and pectinolytic enzymes. A comparative genomic analysis of strain CT4T with closely related species with available genomic information, C. amylolyticum SW408T, showed that strain CT4T contained more genes encoding cassava pulp-degrading enzymes, which comprised a complex mixture of amylolytic-, hemicellulolytic-, cellulolytic- and pectinolytic enzymes. This work presents the potential for saccharification of strain CT4T in the utilization of cassava pulp. Based on phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, we propose a novel species for which the name Clostridium manihotivorum sp. nov. is suggested, with the type strain CT4T (= TBRC 11758T = NBRC 114534T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pattsarun Cheawchanlertfa
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sawannee Sutheeworapong
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piroon Jenjaroenpun
- Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Thidathip Wongsurawat
- Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Supapon Cheevadhanarak
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Akihiko Kosugi
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Patthra Pason
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rattiya Waeonukul
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khanok Ratanakhanokchai
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chakrit Tachaapaikoon
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Althuri A, Venkata Mohan S. Sequential and consolidated bioprocessing of biogenic municipal solid waste: A strategic pairing of thermophilic anaerobe and mesophilic microaerobe for ethanol production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 308:123260. [PMID: 32251860 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Feedstock availability and its pretreatment, high process economics and insufficient ethanol (HEt) titres necessitated the bioprocesses that are sustainable. The advanced consolidated bioprocessing (CBPSeq) strategy presently considered for improved HEt production involves, sequential coupling of CBP thermophile, Clostridium thermocellum ATCC-27405 with mesophilic microaerobe, Pichia stipitis NCIM-3498. Biogenic municipal solid waste (BMSW) pretreated with 0.5% NaOH (CSPBMSW) served as the sole carbon source. CBPSeq (23.99 g/L) fared better than CBP standalone (18.10 g/L) wherein 1.32-folds improvement in HEt titre was recorded. Considering insufficient xylanase titre in cellulosome complex of C. thermocellum, CBPSeq was performed employing exogenous xylanases (CBPSeqE) to improve xylan digestibility and HEt yield. CBPSeqE-II biosystem at pH 5 showed maximum HEt titre of 36.90 g/L which corresponds to yield of 0.26 g HEt/ g CSPBMSW. This study substantiates efficacy of CBPSeqE-II biosystem in sustainable bioethanol production from BMSW in a single reactor without laborious steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avanthi Althuri
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tao X, Xu T, Kempher ML, Liu J, Zhou J. Precise promoter integration improves cellulose bioconversion and thermotolerance in Clostridium cellulolyticum. Metab Eng 2020; 60:110-118. [PMID: 32294528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulose has been used for production of sustainable biofuels and value-added chemicals. However, the low-efficiency bioconversion of lignocellulose greatly contributes to a high production cost. Here, we employed CRISPR-Cas9 editing to improve cellulose degradation efficiency by editing a regulatory element of the cip-cel gene cluster in Clostridium cellulolyticum. Insertion of a synthetic promoter (P4) and an endogenous promoter (P2) in the mspI-deficient parental strain (Δ2866) created chromosomal integrants, P4-2866 and P2-2866, respectively. Both engineered strains increased the transcript abundance of downstream polycistronic genes and enhanced in vitro cellulolytic activities of isolated cellulosomes. A high cellulose load of 20 g/L suppressed cellulose degradation in the parental strain in the first 150 h fermentation; whereas P4-2866 and P2-2866 hydrolyzed 29% and 53% of the cellulose, respectively. Both engineered strains also demonstrated a greater growth rate and a higher cell biomass yield. Interestingly, the Δ2866 parental strain demonstrated better thermotolerance than the wildtype strain, and promoter insertion further enhanced thermotolerance. Similar improvements in cell growth and cellulose degradation were reproduced by promoter insertion in the wildtype strain and a lactate production-defective mutant (LM). P2 insertion in LM increased ethanol titer by 65%. Together, the editing of regulatory elements of catabolic gene clusters provides new perspectives on improving cellulose bioconversion in microbes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Tao
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Tao Xu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA; Section on Pathophysiology and Molecular Pharmacology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Megan L Kempher
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Jiantao Liu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA; Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nakazono-Nagaoka E, Fujikawa T, Shikata A, Tachaapaikoon C, Waeonukul R, Pason P, Ratanakhanokchai K, Kosugi A. Draft genome sequence data of Clostridium thermocellum PAL5 possessing high cellulose-degradation ability. Data Brief 2019; 25:104274. [PMID: 31406903 PMCID: PMC6685675 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium thermocellum is a potent cellulolytic bacterium. C. thermocellum strain PAL5, was derived from strain S14 that was isolated from bagasse paper sludge, possesses higher cellulose-degradation ability than representative strains ATCC27405 and DSM1313. In this work, we determined the draft genome sequence of C. thermocellum PAL5. Genomic DNA was used for whole-genome sequencing using the Illumina HiSeq 2500. We obtained 215 contigs of >200 bp (N50, 78,366 bp; mean length, 17,378 bp). The assembled data were subjected to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline, and 3198 protein-coding sequences, 53 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes were identified. The data are accessible at NCBI (the accession number SBHL00000000). Our data resource will facilitate further studies of efficient cellulose-degradation using C. thermocellum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Nakazono-Nagaoka
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Japan
| | - Takashi Fujikawa
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Japan
| | - Ayumi Shikata
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Japan
| | - Chakrit Tachaapaikoon
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thailand
| | - Rattiya Waeonukul
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thailand
| | - Patthra Pason
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thailand
| | - Khanok Ratanakhanokchai
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thailand
| | - Akihiko Kosugi
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Complete Genome Sequence of Halocella sp. Strain SP3-1, an Extremely Halophilic, Glycoside Hydrolase- and Bacteriocin-Producing Bacterium Isolated from a Salt Evaporation Pond. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:MRA01696-18. [PMID: 30801069 PMCID: PMC6376428 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01696-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Halocella sp. strain SP3-1, a cellulose-degrading bacterium, was isolated from a hypersaline evaporation pond in Thailand. Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of strain SP3-1. This species has a genome size of 4,035,760 bases, and the genome contains several genes encoding cellulose, hemicellulose, starch-degrading enzymes, and bacteriocins.
Collapse
|
9
|
Shikata A, Sermsathanaswadi J, Thianheng P, Baramee S, Tachaapaikoon C, Waeonukul R, Pason P, Ratanakhanokchai K, Kosugi A. Characterization of an Anaerobic, Thermophilic, Alkaliphilic, High Lignocellulosic Biomass-Degrading Bacterial Community, ISHI-3, Isolated from Biocompost. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 118:66-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Singh N, Puri M, Tuli DK, Gupta RP, Barrow CJ, Mathur AS. Bioethanol production by a xylan fermenting thermophilic isolate Clostridium strain DBT-IOC-DC21. Anaerobe 2018; 51:89-98. [PMID: 29729318 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the challenges associated with combined bioprocessing of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuel, finding good organisms is essential. An ethanol producing bacteria DBT-IOC-DC21 was isolated from a compost site via preliminary enrichment culture on a pure hemicellulosic substrate and identified as a Clostridium strain by 16S rRNA analysis. This strain presented broad substrate spectrum with ethanol, acetate, lactate, and hydrogen as the primary metabolic end products. The optimum conditions for ethanol production were found to be an initial pH of 7.0, a temperature of 70 °C and an L-G ratio of 0.67. Strain presented preferential hemicellulose fermentation when compared to various substrates and maximum ethanol concentration of 26.61 mM and 43.63 mM was produced from xylan and xylose, respectively. During the fermentation of varying concentration of xylan, a substantial amount of ethanol ranging from 25.27 mM to 67.29 mM was produced. An increased ethanol concentration of 40.22 mM was produced from a mixture of cellulose and xylan, with a significant effect observed on metabolic flux distribution. The optimum conditions were used to produce ethanol from 28 g L-1 rice straw biomass (RSB) (equivalent to 5.7 g L-1 of the xylose equivalents) in which 19.48 mM ethanol production was achieved. Thus, Clostridium strain DBT-IOC-DC21 has the potential to perform direct microbial conversion of untreated RSB to ethanol at a yield comparative to xylan fermentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Singh
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Waurn Ponds, Deakin University, Victoria 3217, Australia; DBT-IOC Centre for Advance Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India.
| | - Munish Puri
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Waurn Ponds, Deakin University, Victoria 3217, Australia; Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Deepak K Tuli
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advance Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India.
| | - Ravi P Gupta
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advance Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India.
| | - Colin J Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Waurn Ponds, Deakin University, Victoria 3217, Australia.
| | - Anshu S Mathur
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advance Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Widyasti E, Shikata A, Hashim R, Sulaiman O, Sudesh K, Wahjono E, Kosugi A. Biodegradation of fibrillated oil palm trunk fiber by a novel thermophilic, anaerobic, xylanolytic bacterium Caldicoprobacter sp. CL-2 isolated from compost. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 111:21-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
12
|
Singh N, Mathur AS, Gupta RP, Barrow CJ, Tuli D, Puri M. Enhanced cellulosic ethanol production via consolidated bioprocessing by Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 31924☆. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:860-867. [PMID: 30001594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The production of bioethanol was studied by the cultivation of Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 31924 in MTC medium including crystalline cellulose as the sole substrate. The effects of key operational parameters that affect bioethanol production from microcrystalline cellulose were optimized. Under optimum conditions (pH 8.0, temperature 55 °C, inoculum size 4% (v/v) and 0.5% (w/v) substrate concentration), a maximum ethanol yield of 0.30 g ethanol/g cellulose consumed and 95.32% cellulose conversion was obtained. An inclusion of modest acetate concentration in the medium showed that carbon flux shifted away from lactate accompanied by 20% increase in ethanol production. It suggests that strain ATCC 31924 differed in its cellulose conversion efficacy and optimum pH requirements compared to the other reported strains of Clostridium thermocellum. The purified cellulosome of strain ATCC 31924 found to be rich in both cellulase and xylanase enzymes emphasizing the importance of this strain for the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Singh
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia; DBT-IOC Centre for Advance Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India
| | - Anshu S Mathur
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advance Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India
| | - Ravi P Gupta
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advance Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India
| | - Colin J Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Deepak Tuli
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advance Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India
| | - Munish Puri
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Growth and expression of relevant metabolic genes of Clostridium thermocellum cultured on lignocellulosic residues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 44:825-834. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The plant cell wall is a source of fermentable sugars in second-generation bioethanol production. However, cellulosic biomass hydrolysis remains an obstacle to bioethanol production in an efficient and low-cost process. Clostridium thermocellum has been studied as a model organism able to produce enzymatic blends that efficiently degrade lignocellulosic biomass, and also as a fermentative microorganism in a consolidated process for the conversion of lignocellulose to bioethanol. In this study, a C. thermocellum strain (designated B8) isolated from goat rumen was characterized for its ability to grow on sugarcane straw and cotton waste, and to produce cellulosomes. We also evaluated C. thermocellum gene expression control in the presence of complex lignocellulosic biomasses. This isolate is capable of growing in the presence of microcrystalline cellulose, sugarcane straw and cotton waste as carbon sources, producing free enzymes and residual substrate-bound proteins (RSBP). The highest growth rate and cellulase/xylanase production were detected at pH 7.0 and 60 °C, after 48 h. Moreover, this strain showed different expression levels of transcripts encoding cellulosomal proteins and proteins with a role in fermentation and catabolic repression.
Collapse
|
14
|
Obeng EM, Adam SNN, Budiman C, Ongkudon CM, Maas R, Jose J. Lignocellulases: a review of emerging and developing enzymes, systems, and practices. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-017-0146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
15
|
Osiro KO, de Camargo BR, Satomi R, Hamann PRV, Silva JP, de Sousa MV, Quirino BF, Aquino EN, Felix CR, Murad AM, Noronha EF. Characterization of Clostridium thermocellum (B8) secretome and purified cellulosomes for lignocellulosic biomass degradation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 97:43-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
16
|
Singh N, Mathur AS, Tuli DK, Gupta RP, Barrow CJ, Puri M. Cellulosic ethanol production via consolidated bioprocessing by a novel thermophilic anaerobic bacterium isolated from a Himalayan hot spring. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:73. [PMID: 28344648 PMCID: PMC5361838 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0756-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellulose-degrading thermophilic anaerobic bacterium as a suitable host for consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) has been proposed as an economically suited platform for the production of second-generation biofuels. To recognize the overall objective of CBP, fermentation using co-culture of different cellulolytic and sugar-fermenting thermophilic anaerobic bacteria has been widely studied as an approach to achieving improved ethanol production. We assessed monoculture and co-culture fermentation of novel thermophilic anaerobic bacterium for ethanol production from real substrates under controlled conditions. RESULTS In this study, Clostridium sp. DBT-IOC-C19, a cellulose-degrading thermophilic anaerobic bacterium, was isolated from the cellulolytic enrichment cultures obtained from a Himalayan hot spring. Strain DBT-IOC-C19 exhibited a broad substrate spectrum and presented single-step conversion of various cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates to ethanol, acetate, and lactate with ethanol being the major fermentation product. Additionally, the effect of varying cellulose concentrations on the fermentation performance of the strain was studied, indicating a maximum cellulose utilization ability of 10 g L-1 cellulose. Avicel degradation kinetics of the strain DBT-IOC-C19 displayed 94.6% degradation at 5 g L-1 and 82.74% degradation at 10 g L-1 avicel concentration within 96 h of fermentation. In a comparative study with Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1313, the ethanol and total product concentrations were higher by the newly isolated strain on pretreated rice straw at an equivalent substrate loading. Three different co-culture combinations were used on various substrates that presented two-fold yield improvement than the monoculture during batch fermentation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the direct fermentation ability of the novel thermophilic anaerobic bacteria on various cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates into ethanol without the aid of any exogenous enzymes, representing CBP-based fermentation approach. Here, the broad substrate utilization spectrum of isolated cellulolytic thermophilic anaerobic bacterium was shown to be of potential utility. We demonstrated that the co-culture strategy involving novel strains is efficient in improving ethanol production from real substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Singh
- Bioprocessing Laboratory, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217 Australia
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advance Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007 India
| | - Anshu S. Mathur
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advance Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007 India
| | - Deepak K. Tuli
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advance Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007 India
| | - Ravi. P. Gupta
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advance Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007 India
| | - Colin J. Barrow
- Bioprocessing Laboratory, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217 Australia
| | - Munish Puri
- Bioprocessing Laboratory, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217 Australia
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, Medical Biotechnology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Aravind P, Subramanyan V, Ferro S, Gopalakrishnan R. Eco-friendly and facile integrated biological-cum-photo assisted electrooxidation process for degradation of textile wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 93:230-241. [PMID: 26921849 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present article reports an integrated treatment method viz biodegradation followed by photo-assisted electrooxidation, as a new approach, for the abatement of textile wastewater. In the first stage of the integrated treatment scheme, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the real textile effluent was reduced by a biodegradation process using hydrogels of cellulose-degrading Bacillus cereus. The bio-treated effluent was then subjected to the second stage of the integrated scheme viz indirect electrooxidation (InDEO) as well as photo-assisted indirect electro oxidation (P-InDEO) process using Ti/IrO2-RuO2-TiO2 and Ti as electrodes and applying a current density of 20 mA cm(-2). The influence of cellulose in InDEO has been reported here, for the first time. UV-Visible light of 280-800 nm has been irradiated toward the anode/electrolyte interface in P-InDEO. The effectiveness of this combined treatment process in textile effluent degradation has been probed by chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements and (1)H - nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The obtained results indicate that the biological treatment allows obtaining a 93% of cellulose degradation and 47% of COD removal, increasing the efficiency of the subsequent InDEO by a 33%. In silico molecular docking analysis ascertained that cellulose fibers affect the InDEO process by interacting with the dyes that are responsible of the COD. On the other hand, P-InDEO resulted in both 95% of decolorization and 68% of COD removal, as a result of radical mediators. Free radicals generated during P-InDEO were characterized as oxychloride (OCl) by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). This form of coupled approach is especially suggested for the treatment of textile wastewater containing cellulose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyadharshini Aravind
- Corrosion and Material Protection Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630 003, India.
| | - Vasudevan Subramanyan
- Electro-inorganic Chemicals Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630 003, India
| | - Sergio Ferro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rajagopal Gopalakrishnan
- Chlor-alkali Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630 003, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Differences in biomass degradation between newly isolated environmental strains of Clostridium thermocellum and heterogeneity in the size of the cellulosomal scaffoldin. Syst Appl Microbiol 2015; 38:424-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
19
|
Zhang P, Wang B, Xiao Q, Wu S. A kinetics modeling study on the inhibition of glucose on cellulosome of Clostridium thermocellum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 190:36-43. [PMID: 25919935 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A simplified kinetics model was built to study the inhibition of glucose on cellulosome of Clostridium thermocellum. Suitable reaction conditions were adopted to evaluate the model. The model was evaluated at different temperatures and further with various activated carbon additions as adsorbent for glucose. Investigation results revealed that the model could describe the hydrolysis kinetics of cellulose by cellulosome quite well. Glucose was found to be an inhibitor for cellulosome based on the kinetics analysis. Inhibition increased with the increase in temperature. Activated carbon as adsorbent could lower the inhibition. Parameters in the model were further discussed based on the experiment. The model might also be used to describe the strong inhibition of cellobiose on cellulosome. Saccharification of cellulose by both cellulosome and C. thermocellum could be enhanced efficiently by activated carbon addition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, PR China
| | - Buyun Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, PR China.
| | - Qunfang Xiao
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, PR China
| | - Shan Wu
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tang H, Ou J, Zhu M. Development of a quantitative real-time PCR assay for direct detection of growth of cellulose-degrading bacterium Clostridium thermocellum
in lignocellulosic degradation. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:1333-44. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Tang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - J.F. Ou
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - M.J. Zhu
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kinet R, Destain J, Hiligsmann S, Thonart P, Delhalle L, Taminiau B, Daube G, Delvigne F. Thermophilic and cellulolytic consortium isolated from composting plants improves anaerobic digestion of cellulosic biomass: Toward a microbial resource management approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 189:138-144. [PMID: 25879181 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A cellulolytic consortium was isolated from a composting plant in order to boost the initial hydrolysis step encountered in anaerobic digestion. Improvement of the cellulose degradation, as well as biogas production, was observed for the cultures inoculated with the exogenous consortium. Metagenomics analyses pointed out a weak richness (related to the number of OTUs) of the exogenous consortium induced by the selective pressure (cellulose as sole carbon source) met during the initial isolation steps. Main microbial strains determined were strictly anaerobic and belong to the Clostridia class. During cellulose anaerobic degradation, pH drop induced a strong modification of the microbial population. Despite the fact that richness and evenness were very weak, the exogenous consortium was able to adapt and to maintain the cellulolytic degradation potential. This important result point out the fact that simplified microbial communities could be used in order to increase the robustness of mixed cultures involved in environmental biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kinet
- Unit of BioIndustry, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des déportés, 2, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium.
| | - J Destain
- Unit of BioIndustry, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des déportés, 2, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium
| | - S Hiligsmann
- Unit of BioIndustry, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des déportés, 2, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium
| | - P Thonart
- Unit of BioIndustry, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des déportés, 2, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium
| | - L Delhalle
- Quality Partner S.A., Rue Hayeneux, 62, Herstal B-4040, Belgium
| | - B Taminiau
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal & Health (FARAH), Food Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B43b, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - G Daube
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal & Health (FARAH), Food Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B43b, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - F Delvigne
- Unit of BioIndustry, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des déportés, 2, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Baramee S, Phitsuwan P, Waeonukul R, Pason P, Tachaapaikoon C, Kosugi A, Ratanakhanokchai K. Alkaline xylanolytic–cellulolytic multienzyme complex from the novel anaerobic alkalithermophilic bacterium Cellulosibacter alkalithermophilus and its hydrolysis of insoluble polysaccharides under neutral and alkaline conditions. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
23
|
Akinosho H, Yee K, Close D, Ragauskas A. The emergence of Clostridium thermocellum as a high utility candidate for consolidated bioprocessing applications. Front Chem 2014; 2:66. [PMID: 25207268 PMCID: PMC4143619 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
First isolated in 1926, Clostridium thermocellum has recently received increased attention as a high utility candidate for use in consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) applications. These applications, which seek to process lignocellulosic biomass directly into useful products such as ethanol, are gaining traction as economically feasible routes toward the production of fuel and other high value chemical compounds as the shortcomings of fossil fuels become evident. This review evaluates C. thermocellum's role in this transitory process by highlighting recent discoveries relating to its genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic responses to varying biomass sources, with a special emphasis placed on providing an overview of its unique, multivariate enzyme cellulosome complex and the role that this structure performs during biomass degradation. Both naturally evolved and genetically engineered strains are examined in light of their unique attributes and responses to various biomass treatment conditions, and the genetic tools that have been employed for their creation are presented. Several future routes for potential industrial usage are presented, and it is concluded that, although there have been many advances to significantly improve C. thermocellum's amenability to industrial use, several hurdles still remain to be overcome as this unique organism enjoys increased attention within the scientific community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Akinosho
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA, USA ; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, BioEnergy Science Center Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Kelsey Yee
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, BioEnergy Science Center Oak Ridge, TN, USA ; Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Dan Close
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Arthur Ragauskas
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, BioEnergy Science Center Oak Ridge, TN, USA ; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Prawitwong P, Waeonukul R, Tachaapaikoon C, Pason P, Ratanakhanokchai K, Deng L, Sermsathanaswadi J, Septiningrum K, Mori Y, Kosugi A. Direct glucose production from lignocellulose using Clostridium thermocellum cultures supplemented with a thermostable β-glucosidase. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2013; 6:184. [PMID: 24359557 PMCID: PMC3878107 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellulases continue to be one of the major costs associated with the lignocellulose hydrolysis process. Clostridium thermocellum is an anaerobic, thermophilic, cellulolytic bacterium that produces cellulosomes capable of efficiently degrading plant cell walls. The end-product cellobiose, however, inhibits degradation. To maximize the cellulolytic ability of C. thermocellum, it is important to eliminate this end-product inhibition. RESULTS This work describes a system for biological saccharification that leads to glucose production following hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. C. thermocellum cultures supplemented with thermostable beta-glucosidases make up this system. This approach does not require any supplementation with cellulases and hemicellulases. When C. thermocellum strain S14 was cultured with a Thermoanaerobacter brockii beta-glucosidase (CglT with activity 30 U/g cellulose) in medium containing 100 g/L cellulose (617 mM initial glucose equivalents), we observed not only high degradation of cellulose, but also accumulation of 426 mM glucose in the culture broth. In contrast, cultures without CglT, or with less thermostable beta-glucosidases, did not efficiently hydrolyze cellulose and accumulated high levels of glucose. Glucose production required a cellulose load of over 10 g/L. When alkali-pretreated rice straw containing 100 g/L glucan was used as the lignocellulosic biomass, approximately 72% of the glucan was saccharified, and glucose accumulated to 446 mM in the culture broth. The hydrolysate slurry containing glucose was directly fermented to 694 mM ethanol by addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, giving an 85% theoretical yield without any inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Our process is the first instance of biological saccharification with exclusive production and accumulation of glucose from lignocellulosic biomass. The key to its success was the use of C. thermocellum supplemented with a thermostable beta-glucosidase and cultured under a high cellulose load. We named this approach biological simultaneous enzyme production and saccharification (BSES). BSES may resolve a significant barrier to economical production by providing a platform for production of fermentable sugars with reduced enzyme amounts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panida Prawitwong
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Rattiya Waeonukul
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chakrit Tachaapaikoon
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patthra Pason
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khanok Ratanakhanokchai
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lan Deng
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Junjarus Sermsathanaswadi
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Krisna Septiningrum
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
- University of Tsukuba Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yutaka Mori
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kosugi
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
- University of Tsukuba Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Visi DK, D’Souza N, Ayre BG, Webber III CL, Allen MS. Investigation of the bacterial retting community of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) under different conditions using next-generation semiconductor sequencing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 40:465-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The microbial communities associated with kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) plant fibers during retting were determined in an effort to identify possible means of accelerating this process for industrial scale-up. Microbial communities were identified by semiconductor sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons from DNA harvested from plant-surface associated samples and analyzed using an Ion Torrent PGM. The communities were sampled after 96 h from each of three different conditions, including amendments with pond water, sterilized pond water, or with a mixture of pectinolytic bacterial isolates. Additionally, plants from two different sources and having different pretreatment conditions were compared. We report that the best retting communities are dominated by members of the order Clostridiales. These bacteria appear to be naturally associated with the plant material, although slight variations between source materials were found. Additionally, heavy inoculations of pectinolytic bacteria established themselves and in addition their presence facilitated the rapid dominance of the original plant-associated Clostridiales. These data suggest that members of the order Clostridiales dominate the community and are most closely associated with efficient and effective retting. The results further suggest that establishment of the community structure is first driven by the switch to anaerobic conditions, and subsequently by possible competition for nitrogen. These findings reveal important bacterial groups involved in fiber retting, and suggest mechanisms for the manipulation of the community and retting efficiency by modifying nutrient availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David K Visi
- grid.266871.c 0000000097656057 Department of Forensics and Investigative Genetics University of North Texas Health Science Center 76107 Ft. Worth TX USA
- grid.266869.5 000000011008957X Department of Biological Sciences University of North Texas 76203-3677 Denton TX USA
| | - Nandika D’Souza
- grid.266869.5 000000011008957X Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering University of North Texas 76203-3677 Denton TX USA
| | - Brian G Ayre
- grid.266869.5 000000011008957X Department of Biological Sciences University of North Texas 76203-3677 Denton TX USA
| | - Charles L Webber III
- grid.463419.d 0000 0004 0404 0958 Sugarcane Research Unit USDA, ARS 70361 Houma LA USA
| | - Michael S Allen
- grid.266871.c 0000000097656057 Department of Forensics and Investigative Genetics University of North Texas Health Science Center 76107 Ft. Worth TX USA
- grid.266869.5 000000011008957X Department of Biological Sciences University of North Texas 76203-3677 Denton TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Vaithanomsat P, Kosugi A, Apiwatanapiwat W, Thanapase W, Waeonukul R, Tachaapaikoon C, Pason P, Mori Y. Efficient saccharification for non-treated cassava pulp by supplementation of Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome and Thermoanaerobacter brockii β-glucosidase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 132:383-386. [PMID: 23245453 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cassava pulp containing 60% starch and 20% cellulose is a promising renewable source for bioethanol. The starch granule was observed to tightly bind cellulose fiber. To achieve an efficient degradation for cassava pulp, saccharification tests without pre-gelatinization treatment were carried out using combination of commercial α-amylase with cellulosome from Clostridium thermocellum S14 and β-glucosidase (rCglT) from Thermoanaerobacter brockii. The saccharification rate for cassava pulp was shown 59% of dry matter. To obtain maximum saccharification rate, glucoamylase (GA) from C. thermocellum S14 was supplemented to the combination. The result showed gradual increase in the saccharification rate to 74% (dry matter). Supplementation of GA to the combination of commercial α-amylase, cellulosome and rCglT is powerful method for efficient saccharification of cassava pulp without pretreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilanee Vaithanomsat
- Nanotechnology and Biotechnology Division, Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute, Kasetsart University, 50, Ngamwongwan Rd., Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Waeonukul R, Kosugi A, Prawitwong P, Deng L, Tachaapaikoon C, Pason P, Ratanakhanokchai K, Saito M, Mori Y. Novel cellulase recycling method using a combination of Clostridium thermocellum cellulosomes and Thermoanaerobacter brockii β-glucosidase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 130:424-30. [PMID: 23313689 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This report describes a novel recycling method utilizing a combination of Clostridium thermocellum cellulosomes and Thermoanaerobacter brockii β-glucosidase (CglT). To recover cellulosomes and CglT through re-binding to additional cellulose, a chimeric CBM3-CglT was created by fusing carbohydrate binding module (CBM3) from the scaffolding protein CipA into the N-terminal region of CglT. When a recycling test using cellulosomes and CBM3-CglT was performed on microcrystalline cellulose, the process was capable of 4 rounds of recycling (1%w/vcellulose/round). Although irreversible absorption of cellulosomes and CBM3-CglT into the residues was observed when ammonia-pretreated rice straw and delignified rice straw was used as substrates, a maximum of 2 and 4 recycling rounds (1%w/vglucan/round) were achieved, respectively, consistent with a 70% saccharification rate. This novel recycling method using cellulosomes and CBM3-CglT has great potential as an effective lignocellulose degradation system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rattiya Waeonukul
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 303-8686, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lv W, Yu Z. Isolation and characterization of two thermophilic cellulolytic strains of Clostridium thermocellum
from a compost sample. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 114:1001-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Lv
- Department of Animal Sciences; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH, USA
| | - Z. Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH, USA
- Environmental Science Graduate Program; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Present and potential applications of cellulases in agriculture, biotechnology, and bioenergy. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2012; 58:163-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-012-0184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|