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Azevedo RDSD, Falcão KVG, Almeida SMVD, Araújo MC, Silva-Filho RC, Souza Maia MBD, Amaral IPGD, Leite ACR, de Souza Bezerra R. The tissue-specific nature of physiological zebrafish mitochondrial bioenergetics. Mitochondrion 2024; 77:101901. [PMID: 38777222 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Zebrafish are a powerful tool to study a myriad of experimental conditions, including mitochondrial bioenergetics. Considering that mitochondria are different in many aspects depending on the tissue evaluated, in the zebrafish model there is still a lack of this investigation. Especially for juvenile zebrafish. In the present study, we examined whether different tissues from zebrafish juveniles show mitochondrial density- and tissue-specificity comparing brain, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle (SM). The liver and brain complex IV showed the highest O2 consumption of all ETC in all tissues (10x when compared to other respiratory complexes). The liver showed a higher potential for ROS generation. In this way, the brain and liver showed more susceptibility to O2- generation when compared to other tissues. Regarding Ca2+ transport, the brain showed greater capacity for Ca2+ uptake and the liver presented low Ca2+ uptake capacity. The liver and brain were more susceptible to producing NO. The enzymes SOD and Catalase showed high activity in the brain, whereas GPx showed higher activity in the liver and CS in the SM. TEM reveals, as expected, a physiological diverse mitochondrial morphology. The essential differences between zebrafish tissues investigated probably reflect how the mitochondria play a diverse role in systemic homeostasis. This feature may not be limited to normal metabolic functions but also to stress conditions. In summary, mitochondrial bioenergetics in zebrafish juvenile permeabilized tissues showed a tissue-specificity and a useful tool to investigate conditions of redox system imbalance, mainly in the liver and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael David Souto de Azevedo
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade de Pernambuco - UPE, Campus Garanhuns, Garanhuns, PE, Brazil.
| | - Kivia Vanessa Gomes Falcão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Marlyete Chagas Araújo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ranilson de Souza Bezerra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Markert SM. Studying zebrafish nervous system structure and function in health and disease with electron microscopy. Dev Growth Differ 2023; 65:502-516. [PMID: 37740826 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a well-established model for studying the nervous system. Findings in zebrafish often inform studies on human diseases of the nervous system and provide crucial insight into disease mechanisms. The functions of the nervous system often rely on communication between neurons. Signal transduction is achieved via release of signaling molecules in the form of neuropeptides or neurotransmitters at synapses. Snapshots of membrane dynamics of these processes are imaged by electron microscopy. Electron microscopy can reveal ultrastructure and thus synaptic processes. This is crucial both for mapping synaptic connections and for investigating synaptic functions. In addition, via volumetric electron microscopy, the overall architecture of the nervous system becomes accessible, where structure can inform function. Electron microscopy is thus of particular value for studying the nervous system. However, today a plethora of electron microscopy techniques and protocols exist. Which technique is most suitable highly depends on the research question and scope as well as on the type of tissue that is examined. This review gives an overview of the electron microcopy techniques used on the zebrafish nervous system. It aims to give researchers a guide on which techniques are suitable for their specific questions and capabilities as well as an overview of the capabilities of electron microscopy in neurobiological research in the zebrafish model.
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Carvalho PS, Fonseca-Rodrigues D, Pacheco M, Almeida A, Pinto-Ribeiro F, Pereira P. Comparative neurotoxicity of dietary methylmercury and waterborne inorganic mercury in fish: Evidence of optic tectum vulnerability through morphometric and histopathological assessments. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 261:106557. [PMID: 37329637 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the effects of inorganic mercury (iHg) and methylmercury (MeHg) on the fish optic tectum morphology, viz. in relation to: (i) vulnerability of specific optic tectum layers; (ii) preferential targeting of Hg forms to neurons or glial cells; (iii) comparative toxicity of iHg and MeHg in this brain area that is in the maintenance of several fish behaviors. Two experiments exposing juvenile white seabream (Diplodus sargus) to waterborne iHg [HgCl2 (2 μg L-1)] and dietary MeHg (8.7 μg g-1) were performed, comprising both exposure (7 and 14 days; E7 and E14, respectively) and post-exposure (28 days; PE28) periods. Morphometric assessments were performed using stereological methods where the layers of the optic tectum were outlined, while its area and the number of neurons and glial cells were estimated. A histopathological assessment was also performed per section and per layer of optic tectum. iHg exposure did not trigger the loss of neurons during the exposure periods, while a decrease of glial cells was detected in a single layer of the optic tectum at E14. Differently, upon MeHg exposure, a decrease on the number of neurons and glial cells was found in several layers of optic tectum. In the post-exposure, both Hg forms triggered the loss of neurons, while only MeHg exposure led to a decrease on the number of glia cells. The histopathological assessment pointed out a higher toxicity of MeHg in the optic tectum layers, particularly in the post-exposure period, while no significant alterations were found in fish exposed to iHg. Hg forms targeted preferentially neurons. iHg and MeHg are relevant neurotoxicants to fish, with MeHg exposure leading to a higher toxicity than iHg in the optic tectum. After 28 days of post-exposure, iHg and MeHg neurotoxicity remained prominent, suggesting long-term effects of these toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia S Carvalho
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Diana Fonseca-Rodrigues
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, Braga 4750-057, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mário Pacheco
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Armando Almeida
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, Braga 4750-057, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipa Pinto-Ribeiro
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, Braga 4750-057, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
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Zebrafish as a Potential Model for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Focus on Toxic Metals Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043428. [PMID: 36834835 PMCID: PMC9959844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last century, industrial activities increased and caused multiple health problems for humans and animals. At this moment, heavy metals are considered the most harmful substances for their effects on organisms and humans. The impact of these toxic metals, which have no biological role, poses a considerable threat and is associated with several health problems. Heavy metals can interfere with metabolic processes and can sometimes act as pseudo-elements. The zebrafish is an animal model progressively used to expose the toxic effects of diverse compounds and to find treatments for different devastating diseases that human beings are currently facing. This review aims to analyse and discuss the value of zebrafish as animal models used in neurological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD), particularly in terms of the benefits of animal models and the limitations that exist.
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Yoo JW, Jeon M, Lee KW, Jung JH, Jeong CB, Lee YM. The single and combined effects of mercury and polystyrene plastic beads on antioxidant-related systems in the brackish water flea: toxicological interaction depending on mercury species and plastic bead size. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 252:106325. [PMID: 36242789 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are considered as a major threat to marine environments owing their high usage, persistence, and negative effects on aquatic organisms. Although they often exist as mixtures in combination with other pollutants (e.g., mercury (Hg)) in aquatic ecosystems, the combined effects of plastics and ambient pollutants remain unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the toxicological interactions between Hg and plastics using two Hg species (HgCl2 and MeHgCl) and different-sized polystyrene (PS) beads (diameter: 0.05, 0.5, and 6-μm) in the brackish water flea Diaphanosoma celebensis. The single and combined effects of Hg and PS beads on mortality were investigated, and changes in the antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation were further analyzed. After 48-h exposure to single Hg, HgCl2 induced a higher mortality rate than MeHgCl. The combined exposure test showed that 0.05-μm PS beads can enhance the toxicity of both the Hg species. The expression of GST-mu, glutathione S-transferease (GST) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased significantly after exposure to Hg alone (HgCl2 or MeHgCl) exposure. Combined exposure with PS beads modulated the effects of Hg on the antioxidant system depending on bead size and the Hg species. In particular, the 0.05-μm beads significantly increased the expression level of GST-mu, GST activity and MDA content, regardless of Hg species. These findings suggest that toxicological interactions between Hg and PS beads depend on the type of Hg species and the size of PS beads; nano-sized 0.05-μm PS beads can induce synergistic toxicity with Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Won Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Convergence Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - MinJeong Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Convergence Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun-Woo Lee
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385, Haeyang-ro, Youngdo, Busan, 49111, South Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Jung
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Bum Jeong
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Convergence Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, Republic of Korea.
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Pan J, Li X, Wei Y, Ni L, Xu B, Deng Y, Yang T, Liu W. Advances on the Influence of Methylmercury Exposure during Neurodevelopment. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:43-58. [PMID: 34989572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a toxic heavy-metal element, which can be enriched in fauna and flora and transformed into methylmercury (MeHg). MeHg is a widely distributed environmental pollutant that may be harmful to fish-eating populations through enrichment of aquatic food chains. The central nervous system is a primary target of MeHg. Embryos and infants are more sensitive to MeHg, and exposure to MeHg during gestational feeding can significantly impair the homeostasis of offspring, leading to long-term neurodevelopmental defects. At present, MeHg-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity has become a hotspot in the field of neurotoxicology, but its mechanisms are not fully understood. Some evidence point to oxidative damage, excitotoxicity, calcium ion imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic changes, and other molecular mechanisms that play important roles in MeHg-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity. In this review, advances in the study of neurodevelopmental toxicity of MeHg exposure during pregnancy and the molecular mechanisms of related pathways are summarized, in order to provide more scientific basis for the study of neurodevelopmental toxicity of MeHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Pan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning China
| | - Yanfeng Wei
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning China
| | - Linlin Ni
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning China
| | - Tianyao Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning China
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7
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Loughery JR, Crowley E, Kidd KA, Martyniuk CJ. Behavioral and hypothalamic transcriptome analyses reveal sex-specific responses to phenanthrene exposure in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 40:100905. [PMID: 34500131 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental concentrations of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phenanthrene can become elevated with petroleum processing, industrial activities, and urban run-off into waterbodies. However, mechanisms related to its neurotoxicity in fish are not fully described. Here, we exposed adult fathead minnows (FHM) to an average measured concentration of 202 μg phenanthrene/L over a 47-d period. Behaviors of male and female FHM were assessed using a novel aquarium test. Phenanthrene exposed females displayed equilibrium loss, while phenanthrene exposed males spent less time in the aquarium bottom, suggesting phenanthrene reduced anxiety-related behavior. To elucidate putative mechanisms underlying behaviors, we determined the hypothalamic transcriptome profile, a critical integration centre for the regulation of behaviors. There were 1075 hypothalamic transcripts differentially expressed between males and females (sex-specific) while 15 transcripts were phenanthrene-specific. Thus, sex of the animal was more pervasive at influencing the transcriptome compared to phenanthrene and this may partially explain the divergent behavioral responses between sexes. Transcripts altered by phenanthrene included palmitoylated 3 membrane protein, plectin 1,ATP synthase membrane subunit c, and mitochondrial ribosomal protein S11. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed less than 5% of the gene networks perturbed by phenanthrene were shared between males and females, thus phenanthrene altered the hypothalamic transcriptome in a sex-specific manner. Gene networks shared between both sexes and associated with phenanthrene-induced neurotoxicity included processes related to mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction, epinephrine/norepinephrine release, and glutamate biosynthesis pathways. Such energy deficits and neurotransmitter disruptions are hypothesized to lead to behavioral deficits in fish. This study provides mechanistic insights into phenanthrene-induced neurotoxicity and how it may relate to changes in fish behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Loughery
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - E Crowley
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Karen A Kidd
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 4L5, Canada.
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Genovese T, Siracusa R, Fusco R, D’Amico R, Impellizzeri D, Peritore AF, Crupi R, Gugliandolo E, Morabito R, Cuzzocrea S, Trovato Salinaro A, Cordaro M, Di Paola R. Atrazine Inhalation Causes Neuroinflammation, Apoptosis and Accelerating Brain Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7938. [PMID: 34360708 PMCID: PMC8347547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND exposure to environmental contaminants has been linked to an increased risk of neurological diseases and poor outcomes. Chemical name of Atrazine (ATR) is 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine, and it is the most commonly used broad-spectrum herbicide in agricultural crops. Several studies have demonstrated that ATR has the potential to be harmful to the brain's neuronal circuits. Until today nobody has explored the effect of ATR inhalation on young and aged mice. METHODS young and aged mice were subject to 25 mg of ATR in a vehicle made with saline and 10% of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) every day for 28 days. At the end of experiment different behavioral test were made and brain was collected. RESULTS exposure to ATR induced the same response in terms of behavioral alterations and motor and memory impairment in mice but in aged group was more marked. Additionally, in both young and aged mice ATR inhalations induced oxidative stress with impairment in physiological antioxidant response, lipid peroxidation, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (nf-κb) pathways activation with consequences of pro-inflammatory cytokines release and apoptosis. However, the older group was shown to be more sensitive to ATR inhalation. CONCLUSIONS our results showed that aged mice were more susceptible compared to young mice to air pollutants exposure, put in place a minor physiologically response was seen when exposed to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (T.G.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (R.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (T.G.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (R.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (T.G.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (R.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (T.G.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (R.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (T.G.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (R.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (T.G.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (R.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Rossana Morabito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (T.G.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (R.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (T.G.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (R.M.); (R.D.P.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (T.G.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (R.M.); (R.D.P.)
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Wei Y, Ni L, Pan J, Li X, Xu B, Deng Y, Yang T, Liu W. The Roles of Oxidative Stress in Regulating Autophagy in Methylmercury-induced Neurotoxicity. Neuroscience 2021; 469:175-190. [PMID: 34174372 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a potential neurotoxin that is highly toxic to the human central nervous system. Although MeHg neurotoxicity has been widely studied, the mechanism of MeHg neurotoxicity has not yet been fully elucidated. Some research evidence suggests that oxidative stress and autophagy are important molecular mechanisms of MeHg-induced neurotoxicity. Researchers have widely accepted that oxidative stress regulates the autophagy pathway. The current study reviews the activation of Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2)-related oxidative stress pathways and autophagy signaling pathways in the case of MeHg neurotoxicity. In addition, autophagy mainly plays a role in the neurotoxicity of MeHg through mTOR-dependent and mTOR-independent autophagy signaling pathways. Finally, the regulation of autophagy by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Nrf2 in MeHg neurotoxicity was explored in this review, providing a new concept for the study of the neurotoxicity mechanism of MeHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Wei
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Linlin Ni
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingjing Pan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Tianyao Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
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10
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Ren Z, Liu J, Dou S, Zhou D, Cui W, Lv Z, Cao L. Tissue-Specific Accumulation and Antioxidant Defenses in Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Juveniles Experimentally Exposed to Methylmercury. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 79:406-420. [PMID: 33123745 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is the most toxic form of mercury and can accumulate in the cells of marine organisms, such as fish, causing adverse effects on various physiological functions. This study examined MeHg accumulation and its toxicological role in antioxidant defenses in tissues, including the liver, gills, and muscle of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) juveniles. After 30 d of MeHg exposure (0, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, and 20.0 µg L-1), the accumulation of MeHg in the three tissues correlated positively with the concentration of MeHg and exhibited tissue specificity in the order of liver > gills > muscle. Among the antioxidant markers, the activities of SOD (superoxide dismutase) and GST (glutathione S-transferase) as well as the content of glutathione (GSH) in the liver and gills were induced at 0.1-10.0 µg L-1 but repressed at 20.0 µg L-1. The activities of SOD and GST and the content of GSH in the muscle significantly increased with increasing MeHg concentration. Catalase (CAT) activity in the liver was induced at 0.1-1.0 µg L-1 but inhibited at 10.0-20.0 µg L-1, whereas exposure to MeHg did not remarkably affect CAT activity in the gills and muscle. The levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) increased dose dependently, showing tissue specificity with the highest level in the liver, then the gills, followed by muscles. Overall, higher sensitivity to oxidative stress induced by MeHg was detected in the liver than the gills and muscle. These findings improve our understanding of the tissue-specific accumulation of heavy metals and their roles in antioxidant responses in marine fish subjected to MeHg exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Ren
- The Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jinhu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shuozeng Dou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Dayan Zhou
- Aquatic Species Introduction and Breeding Center of Guangxi, Nanning, 530031, China
| | - Wenting Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Zhenbo Lv
- The Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000, China.
| | - Liang Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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11
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Liu H, Lamarins A, Labonne J, Monperrus M, Coste P, Huchet E, Rives J, Seiliez I, Bolliet V. New insights into methylmercury induced behavioral and energy-related gene transcriptional responses in European glass eel (Anguilla anguilla). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 255:127020. [PMID: 32679633 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of methylmercury (MeHg) was investigated in glass eel migration behavior and metabolism. To migrate up estuary, glass eels synchronize their swimming activity to the flood tide and remain on or in the substratum during ebb tide. Following seven days of exposure to MeHg (100 ng L-1), glass eels migration behavior was expressed by their swimming synchronization to the water current reversal every 6.2 h (mimicking the alternation of flood and ebb tides) and their swimming activity level. In relation to their behavior, we then analyzed the energy-related gene expression levels in individual head, viscera and muscle. Results showed that MeHg decreased the number of glass eels synchronized to the change in water current direction and their swimming activity level. This last effect was more pronounced in non-synchronized fish than in synchronized ones, supporting the idea that non-synchronized glass eels could be more vulnerable to stress. As regard the expression of energy-related genes, no significant difference was observed between control and MeHg-exposed fish. In contrast, when the swimming activity levels were plotted against transcriptional responses, positive correlations were evidenced in viscera and especially in the head of exposed glass eels but not in control. Finally, it is noteworthy that non-synchronized glass eels displayed lower expression level of metabolism genes than their synchronized counterpart, but only in the head. Altogether, these results support the interest of focusing on the head to investigate the facultative migration behavior in glass eels and the effect of environmental stressors on this rhythmic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengtong Liu
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOP, Aquapôle INRAE, MIRA, F64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France; INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, F64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Amaia Lamarins
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOP, Aquapôle INRAE, MIRA, F64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Jacques Labonne
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOP, Aquapôle INRAE, MIRA, F64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Mathilde Monperrus
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux - MIRA, UMR 5254, 64600, Anglet, France
| | - Pascale Coste
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOP, Aquapôle INRAE, MIRA, F64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Emmanuel Huchet
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOP, Aquapôle INRAE, MIRA, F64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Jacques Rives
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOP, Aquapôle INRAE, MIRA, F64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Iban Seiliez
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, F64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Valérie Bolliet
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOP, Aquapôle INRAE, MIRA, F64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.
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12
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Ayyat MS, Ayyat AMN, Abd El-Latif KM, Hessein AAA, Al-Sagheer AA. Inorganic mercury and dietary safe feed additives enriched diet impacts on growth, immunity, tissue bioaccumulation, and disease resistance in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 224:105494. [PMID: 32422488 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the impacts of dietary exposure to inorganic mercury (Hg) for a long duration on the health indicators, growth, and disease resistance in Oreochromis niloticus. Accordingly, the current study was designed to assess the effects of Hg contaminated diets on blood biochemistry, growth, chemical composition, Hg bioaccumulation in the tissues, histopathology of liver and head kidneys, and disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila of O. niloticus. Also, the efficiency of citronella oil, geranium oil (GO), curcumin (CUR), Bacillus toyonensis (BT), and Bacillus subtilis (BS) as dietary supplements on reversing the negative impacts of Hg were assessed. A total of 240 tilapia fingerlings were assigned to eight dietary treatments fed on the basal diet (G1), G1 diet contaminated with 50 ppm Hg (G2), whereas the other groups fed the G2 diet and enriched with 400 mg CO (G3), 400 mg GO (G4), 200 mg CUR (G5), 7 × 107 cells BT (G6), 7 × 107 cells BS (G7), and 7 × 107 BT + BS/ kg diet (G8) for 16 weeks. The obtained results showed that fish fed on the G2 diet had significantly impaired growth performance indicators, blood parameters, and resistance to bacterial infection compared with fish in the control group. Additionally, distinct pathological perturbations in liver and head kidneys were observed. In contrast, fish groups G3 to G8 had a significant enhancement in the growth performance, Hg bioaccumulation in fish tissues, blood biochemistry, and resistance against A. hydrophila infection compared with fish in the G2 group. Maximum improvement was recorded in G5, G6, and G8. Conclusively, from both health and an economic point of view, these results suggested that several benefits might be gained by adding these additives, especially CUR, BT, and BT + BS, on growth enhancement and ameliorating Hg negative impacts in O. niloticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Salah Ayyat
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Nabil Ayyat
- Department of Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abassa, Abu Hammad, Sharkia, Egypt
| | | | - Amira A A Hessein
- Department of Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abassa, Abu Hammad, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Adham A Al-Sagheer
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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13
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Yang L, Zhang Y, Wang F, Luo Z, Guo S, Strähle U. Toxicity of mercury: Molecular evidence. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 245:125586. [PMID: 31881386 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Minamata disease in Japan and the large-scale poisoning by methylmercury (MeHg) in Iraq caused wide public concerns about the risk emanating from mercury for human health. Nowadays, it is widely known that all forms of mercury induce toxic effects in mammals, and increasing evidence supports the concern that environmentally relevant levels of MeHg could impact normal biological functions in wildlife. The information of mechanism involved in mercurial toxicity is growing but knowledge gaps still exist between the adverse effects and mechanisms of action, especially at the molecular level. A body of data obtained from experimental studies on mechanisms of mercurial toxicity in vivo and in vitro points to that disruption of the antioxidant system may play an important role in the mercurial toxic effects. Moreover, the accumulating evidence indicates that signaling transduction, protein or/and enzyme activity, and gene regulation are involving in mediating toxic and adaptive response to mercury exposure. We conducted here a comprehensive review of mercurial toxic effects on wildlife and human, in particular synthesized key findings of molecular pathways involved in mercurial toxicity from the cells to human. We discuss the molecular evidence related mercurial toxicity to the adverse effects, with particular emphasis on the gene regulation. The further studies relying on Omic analysis connected to adverse effects and modes of action of mercury will aid in the evaluation and validation of causative relationship between health outcomes and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, China
| | - Zidie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, China
| | - Shaojuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, China
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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14
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Shinoda Y, Tatsumi S, Yoshida E, Takahashi T, Eto K, Kaji T, Fujiwara Y. Gene expression profiles in the dorsal root ganglia of methylmercury-exposed rats. J Toxicol Sci 2019; 44:549-558. [PMID: 31378766 DOI: 10.2131/jts.44.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) exposure is known to induce neurodegeneration in both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). Molecular mechanisms of MeHg-induced neurotoxicity have been well investigated in the CNS, however, it remains unclear in the PNS. In the present study, comprehensive gene expression analysis was performed by analyzing MeHg-exposed adult rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) by DNA microarray. Methylmercuric chloride (6.7 mg/kg/day) was administered to nine-week-old male Wistar rats for five days, followed by two days without administration; this cycle was repeated once. Rats were anesthetized at 7 or 14 days after commencement of MeHg exposure, and their DRGs were removed and homogenized to make total RNA samples. DNA microarray data from Day 7 samples identified 100 out of 18,513 detected genes as annotated genes with more than two-fold upregulated or downregulated expression compared with controls. Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses suggested strong involvement of immune activation and inflammation pathways in rat DRG exposed to MeHg, and some genes overlapped with previously reported genes affected by MeHg exposure in the cerebellum. The present results suggest that MeHg-induced neurotoxicity is associated with immune activation and inflammatory responses in rat DRG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Shinoda
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Satoshi Tatsumi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Eiko Yoshida
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Komyo Eto
- Health and Nursing Facilities for the Aged, Jushindai, Shinwakai
| | - Toshiyuki Kaji
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Yasuyuki Fujiwara
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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15
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Cabezas-Sanchez P, Rainieri S, Conlledo N, Barranco A, Sanz-Landaluze J, Camara C, Luque-Garcia JL. Impact of selenium co-administration on methylmercury exposed eleutheroembryos and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio): Changes in bioaccumulation and gene expression. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124295. [PMID: 31319311 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mercury still represents one of the most hazardous threats for the aquatic ecosystem due to its high toxicity, and the fact that it can be easily incorporated into the food chain by accumulation in fish as MeHg. On the other hand, selenium is a micronutrient that is part of different antioxidant enzymes that regulate the cellular redox state, and whose complex interaction with Hg has been extensively studied from a toxicological point of view. In order to evaluate the protective effect of Se(IV) co-administration against MeHg accumulation and toxicity, we have selected an in-vivo model at two developmental stages: zebrafish eleutheroembryos and adult fish. Embryos were exposed during 48 h to MeHg (5 or 25 μg/l) and a concentration of Se (IV) representing a molar ratio close to one (2.5 or 12.5 μg/l), while adult zebrafish were exposed during 72 h to either 25 μg/l of MeHg alone or co-exposed with 12.5 μg/l of Se (IV). A significant decrease in MeHg bioaccumulation factor was observed in eleutheroembryos co-exposed to Se(IV). A time-dependent accumulation of MeHg was observed in all the analyzed organs and tissues of adult fish, which was significantly reduced in the muscular tissue and the intestine by Se(IV) co-administration. However, such protection against MeHg bioaccumulation was not maintained in the brain and liver. The data derived from the gene expression analysis also demonstrated the protective effect of Se(IV) against MeHg-induced oxidative stress and the activation of different defense mechanisms by Se(IV) co-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cabezas-Sanchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rainieri
- Food Research Division, AZTI, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea 609, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Nadia Conlledo
- Food Research Division, AZTI, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea 609, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Alejandro Barranco
- Food Research Division, AZTI, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea 609, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Jon Sanz-Landaluze
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Camara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Luque-Garcia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Ren Z, Cao L, Huang W, Liu J, Cui W, Dou S. Toxicity Test Assay of Waterborne Methylmercury on the Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) at Embryonic-Larval Stages. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 102:770-777. [PMID: 31011767 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02619-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a widespread pollutant in aquatic ecosystems, but its toxicity to the early life stages of marine fish has not been adequately investigated. This study used acute toxicity tests on embryonic-larval stages of a marine flounder Paralichthys olivaceus to determine the LC50 values for embryos and larvae and evaluate the responses of several biological endpoints to subacute MeHg exposure. Under exposures (0-15 μg L-1) below LC50 values ( < 15.3 μg L-1 for embryos and 16.3 μg L-1 for larvae), embryos were more sensitive to MeHg than were the larvae. MeHg exposures at ≥ 13 μg L-1 increased morphological deformities and mortality, reduced growth and yolk absorption rate of the embryonic-larval flounder. These endpoints were sensitive to MeHg and their responses were dose-dependent. They could be used as bioindicators for assessing MeHg toxicity to the ELS of the flounder. Embryonic-larval flounder could be a useful fish for ecotoxicological assessment of MeHg in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Liang Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jinhu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenting Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Shuozeng Dou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.
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17
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Pereira P, Korbas M, Pereira V, Cappello T, Maisano M, Canário J, Almeida A, Pacheco M. A multidimensional concept for mercury neuronal and sensory toxicity in fish - From toxicokinetics and biochemistry to morphometry and behavior. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:129298. [PMID: 30768958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal and sensory toxicity of mercury (Hg) compounds has been largely investigated in humans/mammals with a focus on public health, while research in fish is less prolific and dispersed by different species. Well-established premises for mammals have been governing fish research, but some contradictory findings suggest that knowledge translation between these animal groups needs prudence [e.g. the relative higher neurotoxicity of methylmercury (MeHg) vs. inorganic Hg (iHg)]. Biochemical/physiological differences between the groups (e.g. higher brain regeneration in fish) may determine distinct patterns. This review undertakes the challenge of identifying sensitive cellular targets, Hg-driven biochemical/physiological vulnerabilities in fish, while discriminating specificities for Hg forms. SCOPE OF REVIEW A functional neuroanatomical perspective was conceived, comprising: (i) Hg occurrence in the aquatic environment; (ii) toxicokinetics on central nervous system (CNS)/sensory organs; (iii) effects on neurotransmission; (iv) biochemical/physiological effects on CNS/sensory organs; (v) morpho-structural changes on CNS/sensory organs; (vi) behavioral effects. The literature was also analyzed to generate a multidimensional conceptualization translated into a Rubik's Cube where key factors/processes were proposed. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Hg neurosensory toxicity was unequivocally demonstrated. Some correspondence with toxicity mechanisms described for mammals (mainly at biochemical level) was identified. Although the research has been dispersed by numerous fish species, 29 key factors/processes were pinpointed. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Future trends were identified and translated into 25 factors/processes to be addressed. Unveiling the neurosensory toxicity of Hg in fish has a major motivation of protecting ichtyopopulations and ecosystems, but can also provide fundamental knowledge to the field of human neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Malgorzata Korbas
- Science Division, Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Vitória Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Maria Maisano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - João Canário
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Armando Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine (EM), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga 4750-057, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
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18
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Conrad M, Kagan VE, Bayir H, Pagnussat GC, Head B, Traber MG, Stockwell BR. Regulation of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in diverse species. Genes Dev 2018; 32:602-619. [PMID: 29802123 PMCID: PMC6004068 DOI: 10.1101/gad.314674.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review by Conrad et al. reviews the functions and regulation of lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis, and the antioxidant network in diverse species, including humans, other mammals and vertebrates, plants, invertebrates, yeast, bacteria, and archaea, and discusses the potential evolutionary roles of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Lipid peroxidation is the process by which oxygen combines with lipids to generate lipid hydroperoxides via intermediate formation of peroxyl radicals. Vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 react with peroxyl radicals to yield peroxides, and then these oxidized lipid species can be detoxified by glutathione and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and other components of the cellular antioxidant defense network. Ferroptosis is a form of regulated nonapoptotic cell death involving overwhelming iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Here, we review the functions and regulation of lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis, and the antioxidant network in diverse species, including humans, other mammals and vertebrates, plants, invertebrates, yeast, bacteria, and archaea. We also discuss the potential evolutionary roles of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.,Laboratory of Navigational Lipidomics of Cell Death and Regeneration, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Gabriela C Pagnussat
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Brian Head
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97330.,Molecular and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97330, USA
| | - Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97330.,College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97330, USA
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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19
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Green AJ, Planchart A. The neurological toxicity of heavy metals: A fish perspective. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 208:12-19. [PMID: 29199130 PMCID: PMC5936656 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The causes of neurodegenerative diseases are complex with likely contributions from genetic susceptibility and environmental exposures over an organism's lifetime. In this review, we examine the role that aquatic models, especially zebrafish, have played in the elucidation of mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity and nervous system function over the last decade. Focus is applied to cadmium, lead, and mercury as significant contributors to central nervous system morbidity, and the application of numerous transgenic zebrafish expressing fluorescent reporters in specific neuronal populations or brain regions enabling high-resolution neurodevelopmental and neurotoxicology research.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Heavy Metal Poisoning, Nervous System/etiology
- Heavy Metal Poisoning, Nervous System/genetics
- Heavy Metal Poisoning, Nervous System/metabolism
- Heavy Metal Poisoning, Nervous System/pathology
- Humans
- Metals, Heavy/toxicity
- Nerve Degeneration
- Nervous System/drug effects
- Nervous System/metabolism
- Nervous System/pathology
- Nervous System/physiopathology
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/pathology
- Risk Assessment
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
- Zebrafish/genetics
- Zebrafish/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Green
- Graduate Program in Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Antonio Planchart
- Graduate Program in Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
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20
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Puga S, Cardoso V, Pinto-Ribeiro F, Pacheco M, Almeida A, Pereira P. Brain morphometric profiles and their seasonal modulation in fish (Liza aurata) inhabiting a mercury contaminated estuary. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:318-328. [PMID: 29499575 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a potent neurotoxicant known to induce important adverse effects on fish, but a deeper understanding is lacking regarding how environmental exposure affects the brain morphology and neural plasticity of specific brain regions in wild specimens. In this work, it was evaluated the relative volume and cell density of the lateral pallium, hypothalamus, optic tectum and molecular layer of the cerebellum on wild Liza aurata captured in Hg-contaminated (LAR) and non-contaminated (SJ) sites of a coastal system (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal). Given the season-related variations in the environment that fish are naturally exposed, this assessment was performed in the winter and summer. Hg triggered a deficit in cell density of hypothalamus during the winter that could lead to hormonal dysfunctions, while in the summer Hg promoted larger volumes of the optic tectum and cerebellum, indicating the warm period as the most critical for the manifestation of putative changes in visual acuity and motor-dependent tasks. Moreover, in fish from the SJ site, the lateral pallium relative volume and the cell density of the hypothalamus and optic tectum were higher in the winter than in summer. Thus, season-related stimuli strongly influence the size and/or cell density of specific brain regions in the non-contaminated area, pointing out the ability of fish to adapt to environmental and physiological demands. Conversely, fish from the Hg-contaminated site showed a distinct seasonal profile of brain morphology, presenting a larger optic tectum in the summer, as well as a larger molecular layer of the cerebellum with higher cell density. Moreover, Hg exposure impaired the winter-summer variation of the lateral pallium relative size (as observed at SJ). Altogether, seasonal variations in fish neural morphology and physiology should be considered when performing ecotoxicological studies in order to better discriminate the Hg neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Puga
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine (EM), Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4750-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Vera Cardoso
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine (EM), Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4750-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Filipa Pinto-Ribeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine (EM), Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4750-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Armando Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine (EM), Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4750-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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21
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Sonnack L, Klawonn T, Kriehuber R, Hollert H, Schäfers C, Fenske M. Comparative analysis of the transcriptome responses of zebrafish embryos after exposure to low concentrations of cadmium, cobalt and copper. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2018; 25:99-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Harayashiki CAY, Reichelt-Brushett A, Cowden K, Benkendorff K. Effects of oral exposure to inorganic mercury on the feeding behaviour and biochemical markers in yellowfin bream (Acanthopagrus australis). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 134:1-15. [PMID: 29287614 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a known toxic metal, but studies on the effects of inorganic mercury ingestion in aquatic organisms are scarce. The present study aimed to investigate changes in feeding behaviour and biomarkers (lipid peroxidation, acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase and catalase activities) of yellowfin bream (Acanthopagrus australis) after ingestion of inorganic mercury (control: 0.2 mg kg-1, low: 0.7 mg kg-1, medium: 2.4 mg kg-1 and high: 6 mg kg-1) over 16 days. After 4 days, exposed fish attempted feeding more often, and showed a significantly lower eating success than controls. However, these differences became less notable with longer exposure periods. Most biochemical markers varied over time, regardless of mercury treatment. However, biomarker responses to mercury were also observed, mostly with increased exposure period and were dependant on the tissue analysed. This study showed that fish can recover from initial feeding behaviour effects of inorganic mercury, but showed delayed response in tissue biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyntia Ayumi Yokota Harayashiki
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia, DF 70040-020, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Reichelt-Brushett
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Ken Cowden
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
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23
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Naïja A, Kestemont P, Chénais B, Haouas Z, Blust R, Helal AN, Marchand J. Effects of Hg sublethal exposure in the brain of peacock blennies Salaria pavo: Molecular, physiological and histopathological analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:1094-1104. [PMID: 29874737 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Marine environments are affected by large amounts of toxicants among those mercury (Hg). The aim of this study was to assess potential neurotoxic effects of Hg in the peacock blenny Salaria pavo. A sublethal contamination to 66 μg HgCl2 L-1 over periods of 1, 4, 10 and 15 days was performed. Total Hg concentrations measured in the brain highlighted the detection of Hg at days 1 and 4 following the exposure but no concentration of the metal was further detected. Partial-length cDNA of genes coding ABC transporters (abcb1, abcc1, abcc2, abcg2) and acetylcholinesterase (ache) were characterized. Results from mRNA expression levels displayed an up-regulation of abcb1 mRNA while a down-regulation of abcc1 and abcc2 mRNA was observed. No change in abcg2 and ache mRNA expression was noted throughout the experiment. At each sampling time, Hg exposure did not affect the activity of the AChE enzyme. The histological analysis indicated that fish exhibited several damages in the optic tectum and the cerebellum and 3 reaction patterns were identified for each organ: circulatory disturbances, regressive and progressive changes. Molecular, physiological and histological biomarkers assessed in the present study highlighted that peacock blennies were able to detoxify Hg from the brain tissue by developing defense mechanisms. More globally, neurotoxic effects of a sublethal Hg exposure in the brain of peacock blennies and the adaptation capacity of this species were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Naïja
- Bioressources: Integrative Biology and Valuation (BIOLIVAL), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Benoit Chénais
- EA2160 Mer Molécules Santé, LUNAM, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, University of Le Mans, Le Mans, France
| | - Zohra Haouas
- Research Unit of Genetic, Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine, Avenue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Ahmed Noureddine Helal
- Bioressources: Integrative Biology and Valuation (BIOLIVAL), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Justine Marchand
- EA2160 Mer Molécules Santé, LUNAM, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, University of Le Mans, Le Mans, France.
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24
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Hausen J, Otte JC, Legradi J, Yang L, Strähle U, Fenske M, Hecker M, Tang S, Hammers-Wirtz M, Hollert H, Keiter SH, Ottermanns R. Fishing for contaminants: identification of three mechanism specific transcriptome signatures using Danio rerio embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:4023-4036. [PMID: 28391457 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8977-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In ecotoxicology, transcriptomics is an effective way to detect gene expression changes in response to environmental pollutants. Such changes can be used to identify contaminants or contaminant classes and can be applied as early warning signals for pollution. To do so, it is important to distinguish contaminant-specific transcriptomic changes from genetic alterations due to general stress. Here we present a first step in the identification of contaminant class-specific transcriptome signatures. Embryos of zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to three substances (methylmercury, chlorpyrifos and Aroclor 1254, each from 24 to 48 hpf exposed) representing sediment typical contaminant classes. We analyzed the altered transcriptome to detect discriminative genes significantly regulated in reaction to the three applied contaminants. By comparison of the results of the three contaminants, we identified transcriptome signatures and biologically important pathways (using Cytoscape/ClueGO software) that react significantly to the contaminant classes. This approach increases the chance of finding genes that play an important role in contaminant class-specific pathways rather than more general processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hausen
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jens C Otte
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jessica Legradi
- Environment and Health, VU Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lixin Yang
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martina Fenske
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Song Tang
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Monika Hammers-Wirtz
- Research Institute for Ecosystem Analysis and Assessment - gaiac, Kackertstraße 10, 52072, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen H Keiter
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Richard Ottermanns
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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25
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Gombeau K, de Oliveira RB, Sarrazin SLF, Mourão RHV, Bourdineaud JP. Protective Effects of Plathymenia reticulata and Connarus favosus Aqueous Extracts against Cadmium- and Mercury-Induced Toxicities. Toxicol Res 2018; 35:25-35. [PMID: 30766655 PMCID: PMC6354948 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2019.35.1.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracts of Plathymenia reticulata and Connarus favosus are widely used in the folk medicine. The potential protective effects of these extracts have been evaluated against cadmium in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and against mercurial contamination in zebrafish Danio rerio. In yeast, both extracts efficiently protected the Δycf1 mutant strain exposed to cadmium chloride restoring the growth, the expression of stress-response genes and decreasing the level of oxidative stress. In zebrafish, the supplementation of methylmercury-contaminated diet with both plant extracts similarly protected fish through the suppression of the methylmercury-induced lipid peroxidation, decrease of acetylcholinesterase activity, and restoring the expression levels of stress-response genes. This study particularly demonstrates the protective potential of both aqueous extracts against methylmercury, and could represent an interesting alternative for the Amazonian fish-eating communities to cope with the impact of chronic exposure to contaminated diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewin Gombeau
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5805, EPOC, Arcachon Marine Station, 33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Ricardo Bezerra de Oliveira
- Federal University of Western Pará - UFOPA, PPGRNA, LABBEX, Tapajós Campus, Rua Vera Paz s/n, Bairro Salé, CEP, 68040-050, Caranazal, 88040-060 Santarém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Sandra Layse Ferreira Sarrazin
- Federal University of Western Pará - UFOPA, PPGRNA, LABBEX, Tapajós Campus, Rua Vera Paz s/n, Bairro Salé, CEP, 68040-050, Caranazal, 88040-060 Santarém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rosa Helena Veras Mourão
- Federal University of Western Pará - UFOPA, PPGRNA, LABBEX, Tapajós Campus, Rua Vera Paz s/n, Bairro Salé, CEP, 68040-050, Caranazal, 88040-060 Santarém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jean-Paul Bourdineaud
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5805, EPOC, Arcachon Marine Station, 33120 Arcachon, France
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26
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Branco V, Caito S, Farina M, Teixeira da Rocha J, Aschner M, Carvalho C. Biomarkers of mercury toxicity: Past, present, and future trends. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2017; 20:119-154. [PMID: 28379072 PMCID: PMC6317349 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2017.1289834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) toxicity continues to represent a global health concern. Given that human populations are mostly exposed to low chronic levels of mercurial compounds (methylmercury through fish, mercury vapor from dental amalgams, and ethylmercury from vaccines), the need for more sensitive and refined tools to assess the effects and/or susceptibility to adverse metal-mediated health risks remains. Traditional biomarkers, such as hair or blood Hg levels, are practical and provide a reliable measure of exposure, but given intra-population variability, it is difficult to establish accurate cause-effect relationships. It is therefore important to identify and validate biomarkers that are predictive of early adverse effects prior to adverse health outcomes becoming irreversible. This review describes the predominant biomarkers used by toxicologists and epidemiologists to evaluate exposure, effect and susceptibility to Hg compounds, weighing on their advantages and disadvantages. Most importantly, and in light of recent findings on the molecular mechanisms underlying Hg-mediated toxicity, potential novel biomarkers that might be predictive of toxic effect are presented, and the applicability of these parameters in risk assessment is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Branco
- a Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Sam Caito
- b Department of Molecular Pharmacology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , New York , USA
| | - Marcelo Farina
- c Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Florianópolis , Brazil
| | - João Teixeira da Rocha
- d Departamento Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
| | - Michael Aschner
- b Department of Molecular Pharmacology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , New York , USA
| | - Cristina Carvalho
- a Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
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27
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Graves SD, Kidd KA, Batchelar KL, Cowie AM, O'Driscoll NJ, Martyniuk CJ. Response of oxidative stress transcripts in the brain of wild yellow perch (Perca flavescens) exposed to an environmental gradient of methylmercury. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 192:50-58. [PMID: 27939725 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) exposure and adverse health effects in fishes have been documented, but the molecular mechanisms involved in toxicity have not been fully characterized. The objectives of the current study were to (1) determine whether total Hg (THg) in the muscle was predictive of MeHg concentrations in the brain of wild female yellow perch (Perca flavescens) collected from four lakes in Kejimkujik National Park, a known biological mercury (Hg) hotspot in Nova Scotia, Canada and (2) to determine whether transcripts involved in the oxidative stress response were altered in abundance in fish collected across five lakes representing a MeHg gradient. In female yellow perch, MeHg in whole brain (0.38 to 2.00μg/g wet weight) was positively associated with THg in muscle (0.18 to 2.13μg/g wet weight) (R2=0.61, p<0.01), suggesting that muscle THg may be useful for predicting MeHg concentrations in the brain. Catalase (cat) mRNA levels were significantly lower in brains of perch collected from lakes with high Hg when compared to those individuals from lakes with relatively lower Hg (p=0.02). Other transcripts (cytochrome c oxidase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-s-transferase, heat shock protein 70, protein disulfide isomerase, and superoxide dismutase) did not show differential expression in the brain over the gradient. These findings suggest that MeHg may be inversely associated with catalase mRNA abundance in the central nervous system of wild fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie D Graves
- Department of Biology and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada.
| | - Karen A Kidd
- Department of Biology and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Katharina L Batchelar
- Department of Biology and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Andrew M Cowie
- Department of Biology and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Nelson J O'Driscoll
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Biology and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada; Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, UF Genetics Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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28
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Puga S, Pereira P, Pinto-Ribeiro F, O'Driscoll NJ, Mann E, Barata M, Pousão-Ferreira P, Canário J, Almeida A, Pacheco M. Unveiling the neurotoxicity of methylmercury in fish (Diplodus sargus) through a regional morphometric analysis of brain and swimming behavior assessment. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 180:320-333. [PMID: 27780124 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study aims to shed light on the neurotoxicity of MeHg in fish (white seabream - Diplodus sargus) by the combined assessment of: (i) MeHg toxicokinetics in the brain, (ii) brain morphometry (volume and number of neurons plus glial cells in specific brain regions) and (iii) fish swimming behavior (endpoints associated with the motor performance and the fear/anxiety-like status). Fish were surveyed for all the components after 7 (E7) and 14 (E14) days of dietary exposure to MeHg (8.7μgg-1), as well as after a post-exposure period of 28days (PE28). MeHg was accumulated in the brain of D. sargus after a short time (E7) and reached a maximum at the end of the exposure period (E14), suggesting an efficient transport of this toxicant into fish brain. Divalent inorganic Hg was also detected in fish brain along the experiment (indicating demethylation reactions), although levels were 100-200 times lower than MeHg, which pinpoints the organic counterpart as the great liable for the recorded effects. In this regard, a decreased number of cells in medial pallium and optic tectum, as well as an increased hypothalamic volume, occurred at E7. Such morphometric alterations were followed by an impairment of fish motor condition as evidenced by a decrease in the total swimming time, while the fear/anxiety-like status was not altered. Moreover, at E14 fish swam a greater distance, although no morphometric alterations were found in any of the brain areas, probably due to compensatory mechanisms. Additionally, although MeHg decreased almost two-fold in the brain during post-exposure, the levels were still high and led to a loss of cells in the optic tectum at PE28. This is an interesting result that highlights the optic tectum as particularly vulnerable to MeHg exposure in fish. Despite the morphometric alterations reported in the optic tectum at PE28, no significant changes were found in fish behavior. Globally, the effects of MeHg followed a multiphasic profile, where homeostatic mechanisms prevented circumstantially morphometric alterations in the brain and behavioral shifts. Although it has become clear the complexity of matching brain morphometric changes and behavioral shifts, motor-related alterations induced by MeHg seem to depend on a combination of disruptions in different brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Puga
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4750-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Filipa Pinto-Ribeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4750-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nelson J O'Driscoll
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Center for Analytical Research on the Environment, K.C. Irving Center, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Erin Mann
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Center for Analytical Research on the Environment, K.C. Irving Center, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Marisa Barata
- IPMA - Aquaculture Research Station, 8700-005 Olhão, Portugal
| | | | - João Canário
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Armando Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4750-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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29
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Maternal methylmercury from a wild-caught walleye diet induces developmental abnormalities in zebrafish. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 65:272-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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30
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Arini A, Head JA, Murphy CA, Carvan MJ, Goetz R, Klingler RH, Nam DH, Basu N. Neuroendocrine biochemical effects in methylmercury-exposed yellow perch. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 187:10-8. [PMID: 27067727 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Fish Proteins/drug effects
- Fish Proteins/metabolism
- Goldfish/metabolism
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Methylmercury Compounds/toxicity
- Monoamine Oxidase/metabolism
- Neurosecretory Systems/drug effects
- Neurosecretory Systems/metabolism
- Perches/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/drug effects
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/drug effects
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, GABA-A/drug effects
- Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism
- Species Specificity
- Time Factors
- Trout/metabolism
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Arini
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Canada
| | - Jessica A Head
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Canada
| | - Cheryl A Murphy
- Department Fisheries and Wildlife, Lyman Briggs College, Michigan State University, United States
| | - Michael J Carvan
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, United States
| | - Rick Goetz
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, United States
| | - Rebekah H Klingler
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, United States
| | - Dong-Ha Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chonnam National University, South Korea
| | - Niladri Basu
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Canada; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, United States.
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Horzmann KA, Freeman JL. Zebrafish Get Connected: Investigating Neurotransmission Targets and Alterations in Chemical Toxicity. TOXICS 2016; 4:19. [PMID: 28730152 PMCID: PMC5515482 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmission is the basis of neuronal communication and is critical for normal brain development, behavior, learning, and memory. Exposure to drugs and chemicals can alter neurotransmission, often through unknown pathways and mechanisms. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) model system is increasingly being used to study the brain and chemical neurotoxicity. In this review, the major neurotransmitter systems, including glutamate, GABA, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, and glutamate are surveyed and pathways of synthesis, transport, metabolism, and action are examined. Differences between human and zebrafish neurochemical pathways are highlighted. We also review techniques for evaluating neurological function, including the measurement of neurotransmitter levels, assessment of gene expression through transcriptomic analysis, and the recording of neurobehavior. Finally examples of chemical toxicity studies evaluating alterations in neurotransmitter systems in the zebrafish model are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer L. Freeman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
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Caito SW, Aschner M. NAD+ Supplementation Attenuates Methylmercury Dopaminergic and Mitochondrial Toxicity in Caenorhabditis Elegans. Toxicol Sci 2016; 151:139-49. [PMID: 26865665 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a neurotoxic contaminant of our fish supply that has been linked to dopaminergic (DAergic) dysfunction that characterizes Parkinson's disease. We have previously shown that MeHg causes both morphological and behavioral changes in the Caenorhabditis elegans DAergic neurons that are associated with oxidative stress. We were therefore interested in whether the redox sensitive cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) may be affected by MeHg and whether supplementation of NAD( + )may prevent MeHg-induced toxicities. Worms treated with MeHg showed depletion in cellular NAD( + )levels, which was prevented by NAD( + )supplementation prior to MeHg treatment. NAD( + )supplementation also prevented DAergic neurodegeneration and deficits in DAergic-dependent behavior upon MeHg exposure. In a mutant worm line that cannot synthesize NAD( + )from nicotinamide, MeHg lethality and DAergic behavioral deficits were more sensitive to MeHg than wildtype worms, demonstrating the importance of NAD( + )in MeHg toxicity. In wildtype worms, NAD( + )supplementation provided protection from MeHg-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. These data show the importance of NAD( + )levels in the response to MeHg exposure. NAD( + )supplementation may be beneficial for MeHg-induced toxicities and preventing cellular damage involved in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Caito
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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Bondy SC. Anthropogenic pollutants may increase the incidence of neurodegenerative disease in an aging population. Toxicology 2016; 341-343:41-6. [PMID: 26812399 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The current world population contains an ever-increasing increased proportion of the elderly. This is due to global improvements in medical care and access to such care. Thus, a growing incidence of age-related neurodegenerative disorders is to be expected. Increased longevity also allows more time for interaction with adverse environmental factors that have the potential exert a gradual pressure, facilitating the onset of organismic aging. Nearly all neurodegenerative disorders have a relatively minor genetic element and a larger idiopathic component. It is likely that some of the unknown factors promoting neurological disease involve the appearance of some deleterious aspects of senescence, elicited prematurely by low but pervasive levels of toxic materials present in the environment. This review considers the nature of such possible toxicants and how they may hasten neurosenescence. An enhanced rate of emergence of normal age-related changes in the brain can lead to increased incidence of those specific neurological disorders where aging is an essential requirement. In addition, some xenobiotic agents appear to have the capability of engendering specific neurodegenerative disorders and some of these are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Bondy
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1830, USA.
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34
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Gentès S, Maury-Brachet R, Feng C, Pedrero Z, Tessier E, Legeay A, Mesmer-Dudons N, Baudrimont M, Maurice L, Amouroux D, Gonzalez P. Specific Effects of Dietary Methylmercury and Inorganic Mercury in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Determined by Genetic, Histological, and Metallothionein Responses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:14560-14569. [PMID: 26509634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A multidisciplinary approach is proposed here to compare toxicity mechanisms of methylmercury (MeHg) and inorganic mercury (iHg) in muscle, liver, and brain from zebrafish (Danio rerio). Animals were dietary exposed to (1) 50 ng Hg g(-1), 80% as MeHg; (2) diet enriched in MeHg 10000 ng Hg g(-1), 95% as MeHg; (3) diet enriched in iHg 10000 ng Hg g(-1), 99% as iHg, for two months. Hg species specific bioaccumulation pathways were highlighted, with a preferential bioaccumulation of MeHg in brain and iHg in liver. In the same way, differences in genetic pattern were observed for both Hg species, (an early genetic response (7 days) for both species in the three organs and a late genetic response (62 days) for iHg) and revealed a dissimilar metabolization of both Hg species. Among the 18 studied genes involved in key metabolic pathways of the cell, major genetic responses were observed in muscle. Electron microscopy revealed damage mainly because of MeHg in muscle and also in liver tissue. In brain, high MeHg and iHg concentrations induced metallothionein production. Finally, the importance of the fish origin in ecotoxicological studies, here the seventh descent of a zebrafish line, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Gentès
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805 , Place du Dr B. Peyneau, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Régine Maury-Brachet
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805 , Place du Dr B. Peyneau, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Caiyan Feng
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), CNRS-UPPA-UMR-5254, Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Pierre Angot, F-64053 Pau, France
| | - Zoyne Pedrero
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), CNRS-UPPA-UMR-5254, Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Pierre Angot, F-64053 Pau, France
| | - Emmanuel Tessier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), CNRS-UPPA-UMR-5254, Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Pierre Angot, F-64053 Pau, France
| | - Alexia Legeay
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805 , Place du Dr B. Peyneau, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Nathalie Mesmer-Dudons
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805 , Place du Dr B. Peyneau, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Magalie Baudrimont
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805 , Place du Dr B. Peyneau, F-33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Laurence Maurice
- Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire de Geosciences Environnement Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III , 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
- GET, IRD , F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - David Amouroux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), CNRS-UPPA-UMR-5254, Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Pierre Angot, F-64053 Pau, France
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondria are structurally and biochemically diverse, even within a single type of cell. Protein complexes localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane synthesize ATP by coupling electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. The organelles produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) from mitochondrial oxygen and ROS can, in turn, alter the function and expression of proteins used for aerobic respiration by post-translational and transcriptional regulation. RECENT ADVANCES New interest is emerging not only into the roles of mitochondria in disease development and progression but also as a target for environmental toxicants. CRITICAL ISSUES Dysregulation of respiration has been linked to cell death and is a major contributor to acute neuronal trauma, peripheral diseases, as well as chronic neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Here, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the sensitivity of the mitochondrial respiratory complexes to redox modulation, as well as examine the effects of environmental contaminants that have well-characterized mitochondrial toxicity. The contaminants discussed in this review are some of the most prevalent and potent environmental contaminants that have been linked to neurological dysfunction, altered cellular respiration, and oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Caito
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, New York
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, New York
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36
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Walker CJ, Gelsleichter J, Adams DH, Manire CA. Evaluation of the use of metallothionein as a biomarker for detecting physiological responses to mercury exposure in the bonnethead, Sphyrna tiburo. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:1361-1371. [PMID: 24671649 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-9930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that sharks, perhaps more so than any other fishes, are capable of bioaccumulating the non-essential toxic metal mercury (Hg) to levels that threaten the health of human seafood consumers. However, few studies have explored the potential effects of Hg accumulation in sharks themselves. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine if physiological effects occur in sharks in response to environmentally relevant levels of Hg exposure. To address this goal, the relationship between muscle Hg concentrations and muscle/hepatic levels of metallothionein (MT), a widely used protein biomarker of toxic metal exposure in fish, was examined in bonnetheads, Sphyrna tiburo, from three Florida estuaries. Total Hg concentrations in bonnethead muscle, as determined using thermal decomposition and atomic absorption spectrometry, ranged from 0.22 to 1.78 μg/g wet weight and were correlated with animal size. These observations were consistent with earlier studies on Florida bonnetheads, illustrating that they experience bioaccumulation of Hg, often to levels that threaten the health of these animals or consumers of their meat. However, despite this, MT concentrations measured using Western blot analysis were not correlated with muscle Hg concentrations. These results suggest that either environmentally relevant levels of Hg exposure and uptake are below the physiological threshold for inducing effects in sharks or MT is a poor biomarker of Hg exposure in these fishes. Of these two explanations, the latter is favored based on a growing body of evidence that questions the use of MTs as specific indicators of Hg exposure and effects in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina J Walker
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
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37
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Gibson LA, Lavoie RA, Bissegger S, Campbell LM, Langlois VS. A positive correlation between mercury and oxidative stress-related gene expression (GPX3 and GSTM3) is measured in female Double-crested Cormorant blood. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:1004-1014. [PMID: 24788667 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a widespread contaminant that has been shown to induce a wide range of adverse health effects in birds including reproductive, physiological and neurological impairments. Here we explored the relationship between blood total Hg concentrations ([THg]) and oxidative stress gene induction in the aquatic piscivorous Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) using a non-lethal technique, i.e., blood gene expression analysis. P. auritus blood was sampled at five sites across the Great Lakes basin, Ontario, Canada and was analyzed for [THg]. To assess cellular stress, the expression of glutathione peroxidases 1 and 3 (GPX1, GPX3), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), heat-shock protein 70 kd-8 (HSP70-8) and glutathione S-transferase µ3 (GSTM3) were measured in whole blood samples using real-time RT-PCR. Results showed a significantly positive correlation between female blood [THg] and both GPX3 and GSTM3 expression. Different levels of oxidative stress experienced by males and females during the breeding season may be influencing the differential oxidative stress responses to blood [THg] observed in this study. Overall, these results suggest that Hg may lead to oxidative stress as some of the cellular stress-related genes were altered in the blood of female P. auritus and that blood gene expression analysis is a successful approach to assess bird health condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Gibson
- School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
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38
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Motts JA, Shirley DL, Silbergeld EK, Nyland JF. Novel biomarkers of mercury-induced autoimmune dysfunction: a cross-sectional study in Amazonian Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 132:12-8. [PMID: 24742722 PMCID: PMC4060520 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, causing both neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity. Given its ability to amalgamate gold, mercury is frequently used in small-scale artisanal gold mining. We have previously reported that elevated serum titers of antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) are associated with mercury exposures of miners in gold mining. The goal of this project was to identify novel serum biomarkers of mercury-induced immunotoxicity and autoimmune dysregulation. We conducted an analysis of serum samples from a cross-sectional epidemiological study on miners working in Amazonian Brazil. In proteomic screening analyses, samples were stratified based on mercury concentrations and ANA titer and a subset of serum samples (N=12) were profiled using Immune Response Biomarker Profiling ProtoArray protein microarray for elevated autoantibodies. Of the up-regulated autoantibodies in the mercury-exposed cohort, potential target autoantibodies were selected based on relevance to pro-inflammatory and macrophage activation pathways. ELISAs were developed to test the entire sample cohort (N=371) for serum titers to the highest of these autoantibodies (anti-glutathione S-transferase alpha, GSTA1) identified in the high mercury/high ANA group. We found positive associations between elevated mercury exposure and up-regulated serum titers of 3760 autoantibodies as identified by ProtoArray. Autoantibodies identified as potential novel biomarkers of mercury-induced immunotoxicity include antibodies to the following proteins: GSTA1, tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13, linker for activation of T cells, signal peptide peptidase like 2B, stimulated by retinoic acid 13, and interferon induced transmembrane protein. ELISA analyses confirmed that mercury-exposed gold miners had significantly higher serum titers of anti-GSTA1 autoantibody [unadjusted odds ratio=89.6; 95% confidence interval: 27.2, 294.6] compared to emerald miners (referent population). Mercury exposure was associated with increased titers of several autoantibodies in serum including anti-GSTA1. These proteins play a wide variety of roles, including as antioxidants, in the regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as danger and oxidative stress signaling. Dysregulation of these proteins and pathways is believed to play a role in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren׳s syndrome, and multiple sclerosis. Taken together, these results suggest that mercury exposure can induce complex autoimmune dysfunction and the immunotoxic effects of this dysfunction may be measured by serum titers to autoantibodies such as anti-GSTA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Motts
- Department of Biology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Devon L Shirley
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Ellen K Silbergeld
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer F Nyland
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.
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39
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Karlsen OA, Sheehan D, Goksøyr A. Alterations in the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) hepatic thiol-proteome after methylmercury exposure. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2014; 77:650-662. [PMID: 24754398 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.887427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Proteomic studies in general have demonstrated that the most effective and thorough analysis of biological samples requires subfractionation and/or enrichment prior to downstream processing. In the present study, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) liver samples were fractionated using activated thiol sepharose to isolate hepatic proteins containing free/reactive cysteines. This subset of proteins is of special interest when studying the physiological effects attributed to methylmercury (MeHg) exposure. Methylmercury is a persistent environmental contaminant that has a potent affinity toward thiol groups, and can directly bind proteins via available cysteine residues. Further, alterations in the cod thiol-proteome following MeHg exposure (2 mg/kg body weight) were explored with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with downstream mass spectrometry analyses for protein identifications. Thirty-five protein spots were found to respond to MeHg exposure, and 13 of these were identified when searching cod-specific databases with acquired mass spectrometry data. Among the identified thiol-containing proteins, some are known to respond to MeHg treatment, including constituents of the cytoskeleton, and proteins involved in oxidative stress responses, protein synthesis, protein folding, and energy metabolism. Methylmercury also appeared to affect cod heme metabolism/turnover, producing significantly altered levels of hemoglobin and hemopexin in liver following metal exposure. The latter finding suggests that MeHg may also affect the hematological system in Atlantic cod.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Karlsen
- a Department of Biology , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
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40
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Baurand PE, de Vaufleury A, Scheifler R, Capelli N. Coupling of random amplified polymorphic DNA profiles analysis and high resolution capillary electrophoresis system for the assessment of chemical genotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:9505-9513. [PMID: 23927493 DOI: 10.1021/es4021519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) can be toxic to terrestrial snails, but few data are available about its genotoxic effects on early life stages (ELS). The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic potential of Cd in embryos of Helix aspersa using a new approach that couples Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and a high-resolution capillary electrophoresis system (HRS). Clutches of H. aspersa were exposed to Cd solutions (2, 4, and 6 mg/L) from the beginning of their embryonic development. In addition to a dose-dependent effect of Cd on hatching rate, DNA fragmentation was observed in embryos that were exposed to 6 mg Cd/L. The analysis of RAPD products with HRS showed differences between the profiles of exposed and nonexposed embryos, starting at 2 mg Cd/L. In comparison to the profiles of the control samples, all profiles from the exposed snails exhibited an additional 270 bp DNA fragment and lacked a 450 bp DNA fragment. These profile modifications are related to the genotoxic effect of Cd on the ELS of H. aspersa . Our study demonstrates the efficacy of coupling RAPD and HRS for a rapid and efficient screening of the effects of chemicals on DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Emmanuel Baurand
- Chrono-Environment, UMR 6249, University of Franche-Comté/CNRS , Place Leclerc, 25000 Besançon, France
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41
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Ladhar C, Geffroy B, Cambier S, Treguer-Delapierre M, Durand E, Brèthes D, Bourdineaud JP. Impact of dietary cadmium sulphide nanoparticles on Danio rerio zebrafish at very low contamination pressure. Nanotoxicology 2013; 8:676-85. [PMID: 23883150 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.822116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To address the impact of cadmium sulphide nanoparticles (CdSNPs) of two different sizes (8 and 50 nm), Danio rerio zebrafish were dietary exposed to very low doses: 100 or 40 ng CdSNPs/day/g body weight for 36 or 60 days, respectively. The results obtained using RAPD-PCR genotoxicity test showed genomic alteration since the number of hybridisation sites of the RAPD probes was significantly modified after CdSNPs exposure. In addition, selected stress response genes were either repressed or upregulated in tissues of CdSNPs-exposed fish. Mitochondrial dysfunction was also caused by the presence of CdSNPs in food. Cadmium accumulation in fish tissues (brain and muscles) could only be observed after 60 days of exposure. CdSNPs toxicity was dependent on their size and concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiraz Ladhar
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5805, Arcachon Marine Station , Place du Dr Peyneau, 33120 Arcachon , France
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42
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Liu Q, Basu N, Goetz G, Jiang N, Hutz RJ, Tonellato PJ, Carvan MJ. Differential gene expression associated with dietary methylmercury (MeHg) exposure in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2013; 22:740-51. [PMID: 23529582 PMCID: PMC3664064 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate conserved biomarkers that could be used in most species of teleost fish at most life-stages. We investigated the effects of sublethal methylmercury (MeHg) exposure on developing rainbow trout and zebrafish. Juvenile rainbow trout and young adult zebrafish were fed food with MeHg added at 0, 0.5, 5, and 50 ppm. Atomic absorption spectrometry was applied to measure whole body total Hg levels, and pathologic analysis was performed to identify MeHg-induced toxicity. Fish at 6 weeks were sampled from each group for microarray analysis using RNA from whole fish. MeHg-exposed trout and zebrafish did not show overt signs of toxicity or pathology, nor were significant differences seen in mortality, length, mass, or condition factor. The accumulation of MeHg in trout and zebrafish exhibited dose- and time-dependent patterns during 6 weeks, and zebrafish exhibited greater assimilation of total Hg than rainbow trout. The dysregulated genes in MeHg-treated fish have multiple functional annotations, such as iron ion homeostasis, glutathione transferase activity, regulation of muscle contraction, troponin I binding and calcium-dependent protein binding. Genes were selected as biomarker candidates based on their microarray data and their expression was evaluated by QPCR. Unfortunately, these genes are not good consistent biomarkers for both rainbow trout and zebrafish from QPCR evaluation using individual fish. Our conclusion is that biomarker analysis for aquatic toxicant assessment using fish needs to be based on tissue-, sex- and species-specific consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Lapham Hall, 3209 N. Maryland Ave., Milwaukee
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Niladri Basu
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 6634 SPH Tower, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Giles Goetz
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 Northeast Boat Street, Seattle WA
| | - Nan Jiang
- Roche NimbleGen, Inc., 504 South Rosa Road, Madison, WI
| | - Reinhold J. Hutz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Lapham Hall, 3209 N. Maryland Ave., Milwaukee
| | - Peter J. Tonellato
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, 10 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA
| | - Michael J. Carvan
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI
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43
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Jose C, Melser S, Benard G, Rossignol R. Mitoplasticity: adaptation biology of the mitochondrion to the cellular redox state in physiology and carcinogenesis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:808-49. [PMID: 22989324 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation and transformation biology of the mitochondrion to redox status is an emerging domain of physiology and pathophysiology. Mitochondrial adaptations occur in response to accidental changes in cellular energy demand or supply while mitochondrial transformations are a part of greater program of cell metamorphosis. The possible role of mitochondrial adaptations and transformations in pathogenesis remains unexplored, and it has become critical to decipher the stimuli and the underlying molecular pathways. Immediate activation of mitochondrial function was described during acute exercise, respiratory chain injury, Endoplasmic Reticulum stress, genotoxic stress, or environmental toxic insults. Delayed adaptations of mitochondrial form, composition, and functions were evidenced for persistent changes in redox status as observed in endurance training, in fibroblasts grown in presence of respiratory chain inhibitors or in absence of glucose, in the smooth muscle of patients with severe asthma, or in the skeletal muscle of patients with a mitochondrial disease. Besides, mitochondrial transformations were observed in the course of human cell differentiation, during immune response activation, or in cells undergoing carcinogenesis. Little is known on the signals and downstream pathways that govern mitochondrial adaptations and transformations. Few adaptative loops, including redox sensors, kinases, and transcription factors were deciphered, but their implication in physiology and pathology remains elusive. Mitoplasticity could play a protective role against aging, diabetes, cancer, or neurodegenerative diseases. Research on adaptation and transformation could allow the design of innovative therapies, notably in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Jose
- University Bordeaux, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme, France
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44
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Yadetie F, Karlsen OA, Lanzén A, Berg K, Olsvik P, Hogstrand C, Goksøyr A. Global transcriptome analysis of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) liver after in vivo methylmercury exposure suggests effects on energy metabolism pathways. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 126:314-325. [PMID: 23103053 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a widely distributed contaminant polluting many aquatic environments, with health risks to humans exposed mainly through consumption of seafood. The mechanisms of toxicity of MeHg are not completely understood. In order to map the range of molecular targets and gain better insights into the mechanisms of toxicity, we prepared Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) 135k oligonucleotide arrays and performed global analysis of transcriptional changes in the liver of fish treated with MeHg (0.5 and 2 mg/kg of body weight) for 14 days. Inferring from the observed transcriptional changes, the main pathways significantly affected by the treatment were energy metabolism, oxidative stress response, immune response and cytoskeleton remodeling. Consistent with known effects of MeHg, many transcripts for genes in oxidative stress pathways such as glutathione metabolism and Nrf2 regulation of oxidative stress response were differentially regulated. Among the differentially regulated genes, there were disproportionate numbers of genes coding for enzymes involved in metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids and glucose. In particular, many genes coding for enzymes of fatty acid beta-oxidation were up-regulated. The coordinated effects observed on many transcripts coding for enzymes of energy pathways may suggest disruption of nutrient metabolism by MeHg. Many transcripts for genes coding for enzymes in the synthetic pathways of sulphur containing amino acids were also up-regulated, suggesting adaptive responses to MeHg toxicity. By this toxicogenomics approach, we were also able to identify many potential biomarker candidate genes for monitoring environmental MeHg pollution. These results based on changes on transcript levels, however, need to be confirmed by other methods such as proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fekadu Yadetie
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Norway.
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Bourdineaud JP, Rossignol R, Brèthes D. Zebrafish: a model animal for analyzing the impact of environmental pollutants on muscle and brain mitochondrial bioenergetics. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 45:16-22. [PMID: 22842533 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mercury, anthropogenic release of uranium (U), and nanoparticles constitute hazardous environmental pollutants able to accumulate along the aquatic food chain with severe risk for animal and human health. The impact of such pollutants on living organisms has been up to now approached by classical toxicology in which huge doses of toxic compounds, environmentally irrelevant, are displayed through routes that never occur in the lifespan of organisms (for instance injecting a bolus of mercury to an animal although the main route is through prey and fish eating). We wanted to address the effect of such pollutants on the muscle and brain mitochondrial bioenergetics under realistic conditions, at unprecedented low doses, using an aquatic model animal, the zebrafish Danio rerio. We developed an original method to measure brain mitochondrial respiration: a single brain was put in 1.5 mL conical tube containing a respiratory buffer. Brains were gently homogenized by 13 strokes with a conical plastic pestle, and the homogenates were immediately used for respiration measurements. Skinned muscle fibers were prepared by saponin permeabilization. Zebrafish were contaminated with food containing 13 μg of methylmercury (MeHg)/g, an environmentally relevant dose. In permeabilized muscle fibers, we observed a strong inhibition of both state 3 mitochondrial respiration and cytochrome c oxidase activity after 49 days of MeHg exposure. We measured a dramatic decrease in the rate of ATP release by skinned muscle fibers. Contrarily to muscles, brain mitochondrial respiration was not modified by MeHg exposure although brain accumulated twice as much MeHg than muscles. When zebrafish were exposed to 30 μg/L of waterborne U, the basal mitochondrial respiratory control ratio was decreased in muscles after 28 days of exposure. This was due to an increase of the inner mitochondrial membrane permeability. The impact of a daily ration of food containing gold nanoparticles of two sizes (12 and 50 nm) was investigated at a very low dose for 60 days (40 ng gold/fish/day). Mitochondrial dysfunctions appeared in brain and muscle for both tested sizes. In conclusion, at low environmental doses, dietary or waterborne heavy metals impinged on zebrafish tissue mitochondrial respiration. Due to its incredible simplicity avoiding tedious and time-consuming mitochondria isolation, our one-pot method allowing brain respiratory analysis should give colleagues the incentive to use zebrafish brain as a model in bioenergetics. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Bioenergetic dysfunction, adaptation and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Bourdineaud
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5805, Station marine d'Arcachon, Place du Dr Peyneau, 33120 Arcachon, France.
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Characterization and dietary regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase in different ploidy fishes. Amino Acids 2012; 43:2339-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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