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Dabravolski SA, Isayenkov SV. The Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Silicon Action in Salt Stress Amelioration. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:525. [PMID: 38498577 PMCID: PMC10893008 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most common abiotic stress factors affecting different biochemical and physiological processes in plants, inhibiting plant growth, and greatly reducing productivity. During the last decade, silicon (Si) supplementation was intensively studied and now is proposed as one of the most convincing methods to improve plant tolerance to salt stress. In this review, we discuss recent papers investigating the role of Si in modulating molecular, biochemical, and physiological processes that are negatively affected by high salinity. Although multiple reports have demonstrated the beneficial effects of Si application in mitigating salt stress, the exact molecular mechanism underlying these effects is not yet well understood. In this review, we focus on the localisation of Si transporters and the mechanism of Si uptake, accumulation, and deposition to understand the role of Si in various relevant physiological processes. Further, we discuss the role of Si supplementation in antioxidant response, maintenance of photosynthesis efficiency, and production of osmoprotectants. Additionally, we highlight crosstalk of Si with other ions, lignin, and phytohormones. Finally, we suggest some directions for future work, which could improve our understanding of the role of Si in plants under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A. Dabravolski
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Braude Academic College of Engineering, Snunit 51, Karmiel 2161002, Israel;
| | - Stanislav V. Isayenkov
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Strasse 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Department of Plant Food Products and Biofortification, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Baidi-Vyshneveckogo Str. 2a, 04123 Kyiv, Ukraine
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Geng X, Ge B, Liu Y, Wang X, Dong K, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Lu C. Genome-wide identification and functional analysis of silicon transporter family genes in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis). Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:1705-1719. [PMID: 36252629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) has crucial effects on plant development and stress resistance. Silicon transporters regulate Si absorption, transport, and distribution in plants. In this study, we identified and characterized the Si transporter gene family of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) and cloned seven putative Si transporter genes. Moso bamboo Si transporters contain conserved functional domains that mediate the accumulation of considerable amounts of Si. The analysis of gene duplication patterns and divergence times suggested that the expansion of the moso bamboo Si transporter family was mainly due to segmental duplications. The expression of moso bamboo Si transporter genes, which varied among organs, was significantly modulated by Si treatments. The subcellular localization analysis showed that Si transporters are plasma membrane proteins. The Si content increased in transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing PeLsi1-1 or PeLsi1-2, which affected vegetative and reproductive growth. Our single-particle tracking analysis revealed the four diffusion modes of PeLsi1-1 on the plasma membrane. Moreover, the particle velocity, dwell time, and motion range of PeLsi1-1 decreased in response to Si treatments. The results of this study will further clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying Si absorption and accumulation in bamboo plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Geng
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bohao Ge
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanjing Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kuo Dong
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yuzhen Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Cunfu Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Saitoh Y, Suga M. Structure and function of a silicic acid channel Lsi1. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:982068. [PMID: 36172553 PMCID: PMC9510833 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.982068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Silicon is a beneficial element for plant growth and production, especially in rice. Plant roots take up silicon in the form of silicic acid. Silicic acid channels, which belong to the NIP subfamily of aquaporins, are responsible for silicic acid uptake. Accumulated experimental results have deepened our understanding of the silicic acid channel for its uptake mechanism, physiological function, localization, and other aspects. However, how the silicic acid channel efficiently and selectively permeates silicic acid remains to be elucidated. Recently reported crystal structures of the silicic acid channel enabled us to discuss the mechanism of silicic acid uptake by plant roots at an atomic level. In this mini-review, we focus on the crystal structures of the silicic acid channel and provide a detailed description of the structural determinants of silicic acid permeation and its transport mechanism, which are crucial for the rational creation of secure and sustainable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Saitoh
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Michihiro Suga
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Hajibarat Z, Saidi A, Hajibarat Z. Genome-wide identification of 14-3-3 gene family and characterization of their expression in developmental stages of Solanum tuberosum under multiple biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:1377-1390. [PMID: 36048308 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00895-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
GF14 proteins are a family of conserved proteins involved in many cellular processes including transport, growth, metabolism, and stress response. However, only few reports are available regarding the 14-3-3 genes in potato. In this study, twelve 14-3-3 genes were detected in the potato genome. Based on their phylogenetic relationships, the StGF14 family members were categorized into two classes. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that StGF14h, StGF14a, and StGF14k had the highest gene expression, induced by abiotic and biotic stresses in all three tissues. The number of exons in 14-3-3 genes ranged from four to seven and most of these genes in the same subfamily had similar exon-intron patterns. The results of our study showed that the conserved motifs are similar in most of the proteins in each group. The intron-exon patterns and the composition of conserved motifs validated the 14-3-3 gene phylogenetic classification. According to the genome distribution results, 14-3-3 genes were located unevenly on the 12 Solanum tuberosum chromosomes. We find out 97 orthologous gene pairs between potato and Arabidopsis as well as 15 paralogous genes among potato genomes. Our results showed that GF-14 genes have an effective role in functional and molecular mechanisms in response to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hajibarat
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Saidi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zohreh Hajibarat
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Cen G, Sun T, Chen Y, Wang W, Feng A, Liu A, Que Y, Gao S, Su Y, You C. Characterization of silicon transporter gene family in Saccharum and functional analysis of the ShLsi6 gene in biotic stress. Gene X 2022; 822:146331. [PMID: 35183686 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon, one of the most prevalent elements in the soil, is beneficial for plant growth and defense against different stresses. The silicon transporter gene (Lsi) plays an important role in the uptake and transport of silicon in higher plants. In this study, a total of 32 Lsi genes, including 20 SsLsi in sugarcane wild species Saccharum spontaneum, 5 ShLsi in Saccharum hybrid cultivar R570 and 7 SbLsi in sugarcane related species Sorghum bicolor, were identified and classified into three groups. Bioinformatics analysis showed that instability, hydrophobicity, localization of cell membranes and vacuoles were the main features of the Lsi proteins. Whole genome and segmental duplication contributed to the main expansion of Lsi gene family. Collinearity analysis of the Lsi genes showed that S. spontanum and R570 had a collinear relationship with monocotyledonous plants S. bicolor and Oryza sativa, but not with dicotyledonous plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Vitis vinifera. The replicated Lsi genes were mainly subjected to strong selection pressure for purification. The diverse cis-regulatory elements in the promoter of SsLsi, ShLsi and SbLsi genes suggested that they were widely involved in the response of plants to various stresses and the regulation of the growth and development. Transcriptome data and real time quantitative PCR analysis showed that the Lsi genes exhibited different expression profiles in sugarcane tissues and under Sporisorium scitamineum, drought and cold stresses. In addition, the cDNA and genomic DNA sequences of ShLsi6 that was homologous to SsLsi1b gene was cloned from Saccharum hybrid cultivar ROC22. Transient expression analysis showed that, compared with the control, Nicotiana benthamiana leaves which overexpressed the ShLsi6 gene showed a high sensitivity after inoculation with tobacco pathogens Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium solani var. coeruleum. This study provides important information for further functional analysis of Lsi genes and resistant breeding in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangli Cen
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Wenju Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Aoyin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Anyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Shiwu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yachun Su
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Chuihuai You
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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Understanding the Relationship between Water Availability and Biosilica Accumulation in Selected C4 Crop Leaves: An Experimental Approach. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11081019. [PMID: 35448747 PMCID: PMC9031050 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biosilica accumulation in plant tissues is related to the transpiration stream, which in turn depends on water availability. Nevertheless, the debate on whether genetically and environmentally controlled mechanisms of biosilica deposition are directly connected to water availability is still open. We aim at clarifying the system which leads to the deposition of biosilica in Sorghum bicolor, Pennisetum glaucum, and Eleusine coracana, expanding our understanding of the physiological role of silicon in crops well-adapted to arid environments, and simultaneously advancing the research in archaeological and paleoenvironmental studies. We cultivated ten traditional landraces for each crop in lysimeters, simulating irrigated and rain-fed scenarios in arid contexts. The percentage of biosilica accumulated in leaves indicates that both well-watered millet species deposited more biosilica than the water-stressed ones. By contrast, sorghum accumulated more biosilica with respect to the other two species, and biosilica accumulation was independent of the water regime. The water treatment alone did not explain either the variability of the assemblage or the differences in the biosilica accumulation. Hence, we hypothesize that genetics influence the variability substantially. These results demonstrate that biosilica accumulation differs among and within C4 species and that water availability is not the only driver in this process.
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Ismail LM, Soliman MI, Abd El-Aziz MH, Abdel-Aziz HMM. Impact of Silica Ions and Nano Silica on Growth and Productivity of Pea Plants under Salinity Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040494. [PMID: 35214827 PMCID: PMC8876481 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of silicon (Si) and nano-silicon (NSi) on growth, yield, ions content, and antioxidant defense systems, including transcript levels of enzyme-encoding genes in Pisum sativum plants grown under salinity stress. Both Si and NSi were applied at the 3 mM level and NaCl was applied at 4 concentrations (100, 150, 200 and 250 mM). Vegetative growth, including plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry weights, and yield attributes were determined. Gene expression of antioxidant enzymes was analyzed, and their activities were determined. The results showed that salinity had deleterious effects on plant growth and yield. Salt-stressed plant leaves exhibited a greater activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), but a lower activity of catalase (CAT) when compared to the control. Na+ ions accumulated in roots and shoots of salinized plants. The application of Si and NSi significantly enhanced vegetative growth and relative water content (RWC), and caused significant increases in plant height, fresh and dry weight, total yield, and antioxidant defense systems. Si and NSi enhanced K+ content in roots and shoots under salinity treatment and decreased Na+ content in the studied tissues. It was concluded that the application of NSi was beneficial in improving the salt tolerance of Pisum sativum plants more than Si alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa M. Ismail
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (L.M.I.); (M.I.S.)
| | - Magda I. Soliman
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (L.M.I.); (M.I.S.)
| | | | - Heba M. M. Abdel-Aziz
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (L.M.I.); (M.I.S.)
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Hajibarat Z, Saidi A, Zeinalabedini M, Gorji AM, Ghaffari MR, Shariati V, Ahmadvand R. Genome-wide identification of StU-box gene family and assessment of their expression in developmental stages of Solanum tuberosum. JOURNAL OF GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 20:25. [PMID: 35147812 PMCID: PMC8837765 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The Plant U-box (PUB), ubiquitin ligase gene, has a highly conserved domain in potato. However, little information is available about U-box genes in potato (Solanum tuberosum). In this study, 62 U-box genes were detected in the potato genome using bioinformatics methods. Further, motif analysis, gene structure, gene expression, TFBS, and synteny analysis were performed on the U-box genes. Results Based on in silico analysis, most of StU-boxs included a U-box domain; however, some of them lacked harbored domain the ARM, Pkinase_Tyr, and other domains. Based on their phylogenetic relationships, the StU-box family members were categorized into four classes. Analysis of transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) in the promoter region of StU-box genes revealed that StU-box genes had the highest and the lowest number of TFBS in MYB and CSD, respectively. Moreover, based on in silico and gene expression data, variable frequencies of TFBS in StU-box genes could indicate that these genes control different developmental stages and are involved in complex regulatory mechanisms. The number of exons in U-box genes ranged from one to sixteen. For most U-box genes, the exon–intron compositions and conserved motifs composition in most proteins in each group were similar. The intron–exon patterns and the composition of conserved motifs validated the U-box genes phylogenetic classification. Based on the results of genome distribution, StU-box genes were distributed unevenly on the 12 S. tuberosum chromosomes. The results showed that gene duplication may possess a significant role in genome expansion of S. tuberosum. Furthermore, genome evolution of S. tuberosum was surveyed using identification of orthologous and paralogous. We identified 40 orthologous gene pairs between S. tuberosum with Solanum lycopersicum, Oryza sativa, Triticum aestivum, Gossypium hirsutum, Zea maize, Coriaria mytifolia, and Arabidopsis thaliana as well as eight duplicated genes (paralogous) in S. tuberosum. StU-box 51 gene is one of the important gene among other StU-boxes in S. tuberosum under drought stress which was expressed in tuber and leaf under drought stress. Furthermore, StU-box 51 gene has the highest expression levels in four tissue-specific (stem, root, leaf, and tuber) in potato as well as it had the highest number of TFBS in promoter region. Based on our results, StU-box 51 can introduce to researcher to utilize in breeding program and genetic engineering in potato. Conclusions The results of this survey will be useful for further investigation of the probable role and molecular mechanisms of U-box genes in response to different stresses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43141-022-00306-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hajibarat
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Saidi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrshad Zeinalabedini
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran.,Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mosuapour Gorji
- Department of Vegetable Research, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ghaffari
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran.,Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Vahid Shariati
- NIGEB Genome Center, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahim Ahmadvand
- Department of Vegetable Research, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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Basu S, Kumar G. Exploring the significant contribution of silicon in regulation of cellular redox homeostasis for conferring stress tolerance in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:393-404. [PMID: 34153883 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si), a bioactive metalloid is beneficial for plant growth and development. It also plays a key role in the amelioration of different abiotic and biotic stresses. Extensive studies have elucidated the morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular background of Si-mediated stress tolerance in plants. However, the mechanism acquired by Si to enhance stress tolerance in plants is still unheeded. Present review summarized the prospective mechanisms of Si in acquisition of stress tolerance with emphasis on its interactions with secondary messengers. Silicon usually modulates the different gene expressions in plants under stress conditions rather than acting as a direct signal or secondary messengers. Silicon regulates the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in plants under stress conditions. Furthermore, Si also activates the antioxidant defence system in plants; thereby, maintaining the cellular redox homeostasis and preventing the oxidative damage of cells. Silicon also up-regulates the synthesis of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) or acts synergistically with nitric oxide (NO), consequently conferring stress tolerance in plants. Overall, the review may provide a progressive understanding of the role of Si in conservation of the redox homeostasis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Basu
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, Bihar, India.
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Biju S, Fuentes S, Gupta D. Silicon modulates nitro-oxidative homeostasis along with the antioxidant metabolism to promote drought stress tolerance in lentil plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1382-1398. [PMID: 33887059 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lentil is the fifth most important grain legume growing in arid/semi-arid regions of the world. Drought is one of the major constraints leading up to 50% of production losses just in lentil. Application of silicon (Si) has been shown to be a promising solution to improve drought tolerance; however, the biochemical mechanisms and interactions involved are not fully understood, especially in legumes. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Si on drought stress tolerance of lentil genotypes. Seven lentil genotypes with different drought tolerance levels (tolerant, moderately tolerant and sensitive) were subjected to moderate and severe drought stress at the onset of the reproductive stage. Results showed that different drought stress treatments significantly decreased the above ground biomass, water status and the concentration of chlorophyll pigments, whereas Si supplementation of drought stressed lentil genotypes significantly improved the same traits, irrespective of their drought tolerant levels. On the other hand, Si effect on osmoregulation leads to a decline in the membrane damage and osmolytes (proline and glycine betaine) concentration in drought-stressed lentil. Application of Si to drought-stressed lentil plants significantly maintained the nitro-oxidative homeostasis by balancing the concentrations of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and nitrous oxide, thereby reducing the oxidative damage caused due to drought stress. Furthermore, Si supplementation also stimulated the efficiency of the glutathione (GSH)-ascorbate (ASC) cycle by increasing the concentrations of GSH and ASC as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes like ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, dehydro-ascorbate reductase and nitrate reductase for better protection of cell membranes from reactive oxygen species. Although Si showed the same regulatory mechanisms in all the studied genotypes to protect lentil plants from moderate and severe drought stress, the defensive role of Si against drought stress was more conspicuous in drought sensitive genotypes than in the tolerant ones. Thus, this study suggests the protective role of Si on drought-stressed lentil genotypes through the modulation of nitro-oxidative homeostasis and antioxidant defence responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajitha Biju
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sigfredo Fuentes
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dorin Gupta
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Pontigo S, Larama G, Parra-Almuna L, Nunes-Nesi A, Mora MDLL, Cartes P. Physiological and molecular insights involved in silicon uptake and transport in ryegrass. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 163:308-316. [PMID: 33895436 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The silicon (Si) uptake system of two ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars was characterised by assessing the concentration- and time-dependent kinetics. Additionally, a Si transporter gene was isolated from ryegrass and their expression pattern was analysed. The concentration-dependent kinetics was examined in Jumbo and Nui cultivars supplied with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mM Si and harvested at 24 h and 21 d. The time-dependent kinetics was evaluated at 0, 0.5, or 2 mM Si doses after 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h. RACE-PCR was performed to isolate a full-length sequence codifying for a Si transporter, and semi-quantitative and quantitative RT-PCR was used to analyse its expression pattern. Differential Si uptake between ryegrass cultivars was found. Moreover, Lineweaver-Burk linearization showed similar Vmax values between cultivars; however, different Km suggested that Jumbo and Nui may have different affinities for silicic acid. The dissimilarities in Km between cultivars might involve either the differential contribution of known proteins responsible for Si uptake and transport or the involvement of undiscovered Si transporters. We identified a putative Si transporter from ryegrass Nui (LpLsi1), which was only expressed in roots and down-regulated by Si supply. The predicted amino acid sequence of LpLsi1 did not only show a high similarity and close phylogenetic relationship with monocot Si influx transporters but also indicated that it is a membrane protein possessing a high conservation of domains essential for silicic acid selectivity. Our findings provide evidence of LpLsi1 in ryegrass, which supports its high Si accumulation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Pontigo
- Center of Plant-Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Giovanni Larama
- Centro de Excelencia de Modelación y Computación Científica, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Leyla Parra-Almuna
- Center of Plant-Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - María de la Luz Mora
- Center of Plant-Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Paula Cartes
- Center of Plant-Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile.
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Deshmukh R, Sonah H, Belanger RR. New evidence defining the evolutionary path of aquaporins regulating silicon uptake in land plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6775-6788. [PMID: 32710120 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the evolution events defining silicon (Si) uptake in plant species is important for the efficient exploration of Si-derived benefits. In the present study, Si accumulation was studied in 456 diverse plant species grown in uniform field conditions, and in a subset of 151 species grown under greenhouse conditions, allowing efficient comparison among the species. In addition, a systematic analysis of nodulin 26-like intrinsic proteins III (NIP-III), which form Si channels, was performed in >1000 species to trace their evolutionary path and link with Si accumulation. Significant variations in Si accumulation were observed among the plant species studied. For their part, species lacking NIP-IIIs systematically showed low Si accumulation. Interestingly, seven NIP-IIIs were identified in three moss species, namely Physcomitrella patens, Andreaea rupestris, and Scouleria aquatica, indicating that the evolution of NIP-IIIs dates back as early as 515 million years ago. These results were further supported from previous reports of Si deposition in moss fossils estimated to be from around the Ordovician era. The taxonomical distribution provided in the present study will be helpful for several other disciplines, such as palaeoecology and geology, that define the biogeochemical cycling of Si. In addition to the prediction of Si uptake potential of plant species based on sequence information and taxonomical positioning, the evolutionary path of the Si uptake mechanism described here will be helpful to understand the Si environment over the different eras of land plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Deshmukh
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Richard R Belanger
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Nawaz MA, Azeem F, Zakharenko AM, Lin X, Atif RM, Baloch FS, Chan TF, Chung G, Ham J, Sun S, Golokhvast KS. In-silico Exploration of Channel Type and Efflux Silicon Transporters and Silicification Proteins in 80 Sequenced Viridiplantae Genomes. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111612. [PMID: 33233677 PMCID: PMC7709012 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) accumulation protects plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. It is transported and distributed within the plant body through a cooperative system of channel type (e.g., OsLsi1) and efflux (Lsi2s e.g., OsLsi2) Si transporters (SITs) that belong to Noduline-26 like intrinsic protein family of aquaporins and an uncharacterized anion transporter family, respectively. Si is deposited in plant tissues as phytoliths and the process is known as biosilicification but the knowledge about the proteins involved in this process is limited. In the present study, we explored channel type SITs and Lsi2s, and siliplant1 protein (Slp1) in 80 green plant species. We found 80 channel type SITs and 133 Lsi2s. The channel type SITs characterized by the presence of two NPA motifs, GSGR or STAR selectivity filter, and 108 amino acids between two NPA motifs were absent from Chlorophytes, while Streptophytes evolved two different types of channel type SITs with different selectivity filters. Both channel type SITs and Lsi2s evolved two types of gene structures each, however, Lsi2s are ancient and were also found in Chlorophyta. Homologs of Slp1 (225) were present in almost all Streptophytes regardless of their Si accumulation capacity. In Si accumulator plant species, the Slp1s were characterized by the presence of H, D-rich domain, P, K, E-rich domain, and P, T, Y-rich domain, while moderate Si accumulators lacked H, D-rich domain and P, T, Y-rich domains. The digital expression analysis and coexpression networks highlighted the role of channel type and Lsi2s, and how Slp1 homologs were ameliorating plants’ ability to withstand different stresses by co-expressing with genes related to structural integrity and signaling. Together, the in-silico exploration made in this study increases our knowledge of the process of biosilicification in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amjad Nawaz
- Laboratory of Bio-Economics and Biotechnology, Department of Bio-Economics and Food Safety, School of Economics and Management, Far Eastern Federal University, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Farrukh Azeem
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | | | - Xiao Lin
- Center for Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong 999077, China; (X.L.); (T.-F.C.)
| | - Rana Muhammad Atif
- US-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Faheem Shehzad Baloch
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas 58140, Turkey;
| | - Ting-Fung Chan
- Center for Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong 999077, China; (X.L.); (T.-F.C.)
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Chonnam 59626, Korea;
| | - Junghee Ham
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea;
| | - Sangmi Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Chonnam 59626, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (K.S.G.)
| | - Kirill S. Golokhvast
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, 190000 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Education and Scientific Center of Nanotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
- Pacific Geographical Institute, FEB RAS, 7 Radio street, 690014 Vladivostok, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (K.S.G.)
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14
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Gómez-Merino FC, Trejo-Téllez LI, García-Jiménez A, Escobar-Sepúlveda HF, Ramírez-Olvera SM. Silicon flow from root to shoot in pepper: a comprehensive in silico analysis reveals a potential linkage between gene expression and hormone signaling that stimulates plant growth and metabolism. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10053. [PMID: 33194376 PMCID: PMC7648454 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silicon (Si) is categorized as a quasi-essential element for plants thanks to the benefits on growth, development and metabolism in a hormetic manner. Si uptake is cooperatively mediated by Lsi1 and Lsi2. Nevertheless, Lsi channels have not yet been identified and characterized in pepper (Capsicum annuum), while genes involved in major physiological processes in pepper are Si-regulated. Furthermore, Si and phytohormones may act together in regulating plant growth, metabolism and tolerance against stress. Our aim was to identify potential synergies between Si and phytohormones stimulating growth and metabolism in pepper, based on in silico data. Methods We established a hydroponic system to test the effect of Si (0, 60, 125 and 250 mg L−1 Si) on the concentrations of this element in different pepper plant tissues. We also performed an in silico analysis of putative Lsi genes from pepper and other species, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum) and Arabidopsis thaliana, to look for cis-acting elements responsive to phytohormones in their promoter regions. With the Lsi1 and Lsi2 protein sequences from various plant species, we performed a phylogenetic analysis. Taking into consideration the Lsi genes retrieved from tomato, potato and Arabidopsis, an expression profiling analysis in different plant tissues was carried out. Expression of Si-regulated genes was also analyzed in response to phytohormones and different plant tissues and developmental stages in Arabidopsis. Results Si concentrations in plant tissues exhibited the following gradient: roots > stems > leaves. We were able to identify 16 Lsi1 and three Lsi2 genes in silico in the pepper genome, while putative Lsi homologs were also found in other plant species. They were mainly expressed in root tissues in the genomes analyzed. Both Lsi and Si-regulated genes displayed cis-acting elements responsive to diverse phytohormones. In Arabidopsis, Si-regulated genes were transcriptionally active in most tissues analyzed, though at different expressed levels. From the set of Si-responsive genes, the NOCS2 gene was highly expressed in germinated seeds, whereas RABH1B, and RBCS-1A, were moderately expressed in developed flowers. All genes analyzed showed responsiveness to phytohormones and phytohormone precursors. Conclusion Pepper root cells are capable of absorbing Si, but small amounts of this element are transported to the upper parts of the plant. We could identify putative Si influx (Lsi1) and efflux (Lsi2) channels that potentially participate in the absorption and transport of Si, since they are mainly expressed in roots. Both Lsi and Si-regulated genes exhibit cis-regulatory elements in their promoter regions, which are involved in phytohormone responses, pointing to a potential connection among Si, phytohormones, plant growth, and other vital physiological processes triggered by Si in pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Carlos Gómez-Merino
- Department of Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez
- Department of Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Atonaltzin García-Jiménez
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
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Putative Silicon Transporters and Effect of Temperature Stresses and Silicon Supplementation on Their Expressions and Tissue Silicon Content in Poinsettia. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9050569. [PMID: 32365688 PMCID: PMC7284485 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element for plants. To understand Si uptake and accumulation in poinsettia, the Si transporters and their expression patterns were investigated. Nodulin 26-like intrinsic membrane proteins (NIPs) act as transporters of water and small solutes, including silicic acid. In this study, one NIP member, designated EpLsi1, was identified. Additionally, a protein from the citrate transporter family, designated EpLsi2, was identified. Sequence analyses indicated that EpLsi1 belonged to the NIP-I subgroup, which has a low Si uptake capacity. Consistently, the measured tissue Si content in the poinsettia was less than 1.73 ± 0.17 mg·g−1 dry weight, which was very low when compared to that in high Si accumulators. The expressions of EpLsi1 and EpLsi2 in poinsettia cuttings treated with 0 mg·L−1 Si decreased under temperature stresses. A short-term Si supplementation decreased the expressions of both EpLsi1 and EpLsi2 in the roots and leaves, while a long-term Si supplementation increased the expression of EpLsi1 in the leaves, bracts, and cyathia, and increased the expression of EpLsi2 in the roots and leaves. Tissue Si content increased in the roots of cuttings treated with 75 mg·L−1 Si at both 4 and 40 °C, indicating that the transport activities of the EpLsi1 were enhanced under temperature stresses. A long-term Si supplementation increased the tissue Si content in the roots of poinsettia treated with 75 mg·L−1 Si. Overall, poinsettia was a low Si accumulator, the expressions of Si transporters were down-regulated, and the tissue Si content increased with temperature stresses and Si supplementation. These results may help the breeding and commercial production of poinsettia.
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Zhang P, Zhao D, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wei X, Xu B, Bocharnikova E, Matichenkov V. Cadmium phytoextraction from contaminated paddy soil as influenced by EDTA and Si fertilizer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:23638-23644. [PMID: 31203547 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of heavy metal (HM) phytoextraction from contaminated soil directly depends on the pollutant bioavailability, which can be increased by some soil amendments. In field test, the impacts of soil-applied ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and amorphous silicon dioxide (ASD) and foliar-applied monosilicic acid (MS) on cadmium (Cd) uptake by rice plants from contaminated paddy soil were investigated. Without EDTA, the solid or liquid Si materials reduced the Cd accumulation in the aboveground part of rice by 26 to 52%. If EDTA was applied, the Cd accumulation by plants was increased by 60 to 92%; however, the biomass was reduced by 16 to 35%. The combined application of Si-rich materials and EDTA provided enhanced plant tolerance to a negative influence of EDTA, while kept high Cd content in the rice stems and leaves. As a result, the Cd amounts extracted by the stems and leaves from the unit area of contaminated paddy soil were greater by 25 and 37% in comparison with those for only EDTA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Zhang
- Hunan University of Finance and Economics, Hunan Institute of Economic Geography, Changsha, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Hunan University of Finance and Economics, Hunan Institute of Economic Geography, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqiao Liu
- Hunan University of Finance and Economics, Hunan Institute of Economic Geography, Changsha, China
| | - Yangzhu Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Hunan University of Finance and Economics, Hunan Institute of Economic Geography, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Hunan University of Finance and Economics, Hunan Institute of Economic Geography, Changsha, China
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Nawaz MA, Zakharenko AM, Zemchenko IV, Haider MS, Ali MA, Imtiaz M, Chung G, Tsatsakis A, Sun S, Golokhvast KS. Phytolith Formation in Plants: From Soil to Cell. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E249. [PMID: 31357485 PMCID: PMC6724085 DOI: 10.3390/plants8080249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Silica is deposited extra- and intracellularly in plants in solid form, as phytoliths. Phytoliths have emerged as accepted taxonomic tools and proxies for reconstructing ancient flora, agricultural economies, environment, and climate. The discovery of silicon transporter genes has aided in the understanding of the mechanism of silicon transport and deposition within the plant body and reconstructing plant phylogeny that is based on the ability of plants to accumulate silica. However, a precise understanding of the process of silica deposition and the formation of phytoliths is still an enigma and the information regarding the proteins that are involved in plant biosilicification is still scarce. With the observation of various shapes and morphologies of phytoliths, it is essential to understand which factors control this mechanism. During the last two decades, significant research has been done in this regard and silicon research has expanded as an Earth-life science superdiscipline. We review and integrate the recent knowledge and concepts on the uptake and transport of silica and its deposition as phytoliths in plants. We also discuss how different factors define the shape, size, and chemistry of the phytoliths and how biosilicification evolved in plants. The role of channel-type and efflux silicon transporters, proline-rich proteins, and siliplant1 protein in transport and deposition of silica is presented. The role of phytoliths against biotic and abiotic stress, as mechanical barriers, and their use as taxonomic tools and proxies, is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amjad Nawaz
- Education and Scientific Center of Nanotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
| | | | | | - Muhammad Sajjad Haider
- Department of Forestry, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, 40100 Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad Ali
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, 38040 Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, 38040 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, 38040 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, 59626 Yeosu-Si, Korea
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Department of Toxicology and Forensics, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion GR-71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Sangmi Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, 59626 Yeosu-Si, Korea.
| | - Kirill Sergeyevich Golokhvast
- Education and Scientific Center of Nanotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia.
- Pacific Geographical Institute, FEB RAS, 7 Radio street, Vladivostok 690014, Russia.
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Silicon Improves the Production of High Antioxidant or Structural Phenolic Compounds in Barley Cultivars under Aluminum Stress. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9070388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the main growth and yield limiting factors for barley grown on acid soils. Silicon (Si) ameliorates Al toxicity as well as it promotes the phenolic compounds production that have antioxidant or structural role. We evaluated the time-dependent kinetics of Al and Si uptake and the impact of Si on the production of antioxidant- or structural- phenols in barley cultivars at the short-term. Two barley cultivars with contrasting Al tolerance (Hordeum vulgare ‘Sebastian’, Al tolerant; and H. vulgare ‘Scarlett’, Al sensitive), exposed to either −Al (0 mM) or +Al (0.2 mM) nutrient solutions without Si (−Si) or with 2 mM (+Si) were cultured for 48 h. Aluminum and Si concentration decreased in plants at all harvest times when Al and Si were simultaneously supplied; this effect was more noticeable in ‘Scarlett’. Nevertheless, Si influenced the antioxidant system of barley irrespective of the Al tolerance of the cultivar, decreasing oxidative damage and enhancing radical scavenging activity, the production of phenolic compounds, and lignin accumulation in barley with short-term exposure to Al.
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Hu J, Cai X, Jeong BR. Silicon Affects Root Development, Tissue Mineral Content, and Expression of Silicon Transporter Genes in Poinsettia ( Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) Cultivars. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8060180. [PMID: 31213031 PMCID: PMC6630514 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The effects of silicon (Si) on root development, mineral content, and expression of Si transporter genes in Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ‘Flame’, ‘Mable Bell’, ‘Green Star’, ‘Pink Bell’, and ‘Peach Bowl’ cultivars were investigated in this study. Stem cuttings in a propagation bench were drenched regularly with a solution containing either 0 (control) or 50 ppm of silicon (Si treatment) from potassium silicate (K2SiO3), with a 25 °C mean air temperature and 80% relative humidity (RH) under 70% shading. The results showed that the ‘Flame’ treated with Si had a significantly higher survival ratio as compared with that of the control (P ≤ 0.05) and that the Si treatment improved number of roots, length of longest root, fresh root weight, and dry root weight in all cultivars except ‘Mable Bell’. Supplementary Si increased the content of magnesium (Mg) and decreased the content of boron (B) and zinc (Zn) in the roots. The content of sulfur (S) in the shoots was increased by supplementary Si. The relative expression of Lsi1 and Lsi2 was higher in ‘Peach Bowl’, while it was lower in ‘Mable Bell’ and ‘Green Star’, which may be caused by the differing accumulation of Si in the shoot. Overall, supplementary Si had beneficial effects during cutting propagation of poinsettia cultivars, although these effects were cultivar-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Hu
- Department of Horticulture, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Xuan Cai
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Byoung Ryong Jeong
- Department of Horticulture, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
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Izaguirre-Mayoral ML, Brito M, Baral B, Garrido MJ. Silicon and Nitrate Differentially Modulate the Symbiotic Performances of Healthy and Virus-Infected Bradyrhizobium-nodulated Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Yardlong Bean (V. unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) and Mung Bean (V. radiata). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 6:E40. [PMID: 28914770 PMCID: PMC5620596 DOI: 10.3390/plants6030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of 2 mM silicon (Si) and 10 mM KNO₃ (N)-prime signals for plant resistance to pathogens-were analyzed in healthy and Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) or Cowpea mild mottle virus (CMMV)-infected Bradyrhizobium-nodulated cowpea, yardlong bean and mung bean plants. In healthy plants of the three Vigna taxa, nodulation and growth were promoted in the order of Si + N > N > Si > controls. In the case of healthy cowpea and yardlong bean, the addition of Si and N decreased ureide and α-amino acids (AA) contents in the nodules and leaves in the order of Si + N> N > Si > controls. On the other hand, the addition of N arrested the deleterious effects of CCMV or CMMV infections on growth and nodulation in the three Vigna taxa. However, the addition of Si or Si + N hindered growth and nodulation in the CCMV- or CMMV-infected cowpea and yardlong bean, causing a massive accumulation of ureides in the leaves and nodules. Nevertheless, the AA content in leaves and nodules of CCMV- or CMMV-infected cowpea and yardlong bean was promoted by Si but reduced to minimum by Si + N. These results contrasted to the counteracting effects of Si or Si + N in the CCMV- and CMMV-infected mung bean via enhanced growth, nodulation and levels of ureide and AA in the leaves and nodules. Together, these observations suggest the fertilization with Si + N exclusively in virus-free cowpea and yardlong bean crops. However, Si + N fertilization must be encouraged in virus-endangered mung bean crops to enhance growth, nodulation and N-metabolism. It is noteworthy to see the enhanced nodulation of the three Vigna taxa in the presence of 10 mM KNO₃.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Izaguirre-Mayoral
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela.
| | - Miriam Brito
- Laboratorio de VirologíaVegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay 1050,Venezuela.
| | - Bikash Baral
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku 20500, Finland.
| | - Mario José Garrido
- Laboratorio de VirologíaVegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay 1050,Venezuela.
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Kim YH, Khan AL, Waqas M, Lee IJ. Silicon Regulates Antioxidant Activities of Crop Plants under Abiotic-Induced Oxidative Stress: A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:510. [PMID: 28428797 PMCID: PMC5382202 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in soil, where its availability to plants can exhilarate to 10% of total dry weight of the plant. Si accumulation/transport occurs in the upward direction, and has been identified in several crop plants. Si application has been known to ameliorate plant growth and development during normal and stressful conditions over past two-decades. During abiotic (salinity, drought, thermal, and heavy metal etc) stress, one of the immediate responses by plant is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide ([Formula: see text]), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals (OH), which cause severe damage to the cell structure, organelles, and functions. To alleviate and repair this damage, plants have developed a complex antioxidant system to maintain homeostasis through non-enzymatic (carotenoids, tocopherols, ascorbate, and glutathione) and enzymatic antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)]. To this end, the exogenous application of Si has been found to induce stress tolerance by regulating the generation of ROS, reducing electrolytic leakage, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, and immobilizing and reducing the uptake of toxic ions like Na, under stressful conditions. However, the interaction of Si and plant antioxidant enzyme system remains poorly understood, and further in-depth analyses at the transcriptomic level are needed to understand the mechanisms responsible for the Si-mediated regulation of stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Ha Kim
- Division of Plant Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri-ColumbiaColumbia, MO, USA
| | - Abdul L. Khan
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of NizwaNizwa, Oman
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Division of Plant Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University MardanKhyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Division of Plant Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
- *Correspondence: In-Jung Lee
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