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Mular A, Hubmann I, Petrik M, Bendova K, Neuzilova B, Aguiar M, Caballero P, Shanzer A, Kozłowski H, Haas H, Decristoforo C, Gumienna-Kontecka E. Biomimetic Analogues of the Desferrioxamine E Siderophore for PET Imaging of Invasive Aspergillosis: Targeting Properties and Species Specificity. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38907990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus utilizes a cyclic ferrioxamine E (FOXE) siderophore to acquire iron from the host. Biomimetic FOXE analogues were labeled with gallium-68 for molecular imaging with PET. [68Ga]Ga(III)-FOXE analogues were internalized in A. fumigatus cells via Sit1. Uptake of [68Ga]Ga(III)-FOX 2-5, the most structurally alike analogue to FOXE, was high by both A. fumigatus and bacterial Staphylococcus aureus. However, altering the ring size provoked species-specific uptake between these two microbes: ring size shortening by one methylene unit (FOX 2-4) increased uptake by A. fumigatus compared to that by S. aureus, whereas lengthening the ring (FOX 2-6 and 3-5) had the opposite effect. These results were consistent both in vitro and in vivo, including PET imaging in infection models. Overall, this study provided valuable structural insights into the specificity of siderophore uptake and, for the first time, opened up ways for selective targeting and imaging of microbial pathogens by siderophore derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Mular
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Isabella Hubmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milos Petrik
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Bendova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Neuzilova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mario Aguiar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patricia Caballero
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Abraham Shanzer
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Henryk Kozłowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
- Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole, Katowicka 68, 45-060 Opole, Poland
| | - Hubertus Haas
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Krasulova K, Neuzilova B, Dvorakova Bendova K, Novy Z, Popper M, Hajduch M, Petrik M. Preclinical characterisation of gallium-68 labeled ferrichrome siderophore stereoisomers for PET imaging applications. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:20. [PMID: 38436776 PMCID: PMC10912063 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00249-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Siderophores are small iron-binding molecules produced by microorganisms to facilitate iron acquisition from the environment. Radiolabelled siderophores offer a promising solution for infection imaging, as they can specifically target the pathophysiological mechanisms of pathogens. Gallium-68 can replace the iron in siderophores, enabling molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET). Stereospecific interactions play a crucial role in the recognition of receptors, transporters, and iron utilisation. Furthermore, these interactions have an impact on the host environment, affecting pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. This study examines the influence of siderophore stereoisomerism on imaging properties, with a focus on ferrirubin (FR) and ferrirhodin (FRH), two cis-trans isomeric siderophores of the ferrichrome type. RESULTS Tested siderophores were labelled with gallium-68 with high radiochemical purity. The resulting complexes differed in their in vitro characteristics. [68Ga]Ga-FRH showed less hydrophilic properties and higher protein binding values than [68Ga]Ga-FR. The stability studies confirmed the high radiochemical stability of both [68Ga]Ga-siderophores in all examined media. Both siderophores were found to be taken up by S. aureus, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa with similar efficacy. The biodistribution tested in normal mice showed rapid renal clearance with low blood pool retention and fast clearance from examined organs for [68Ga]Ga-FR, whereas [68Ga]Ga-FRH showed moderate retention in blood, resulting in slower pharmacokinetics. PET/CT imaging of mice injected with [68Ga]Ga-FR and [68Ga]Ga-FRH confirmed findings from ex vivo biodistribution studies. In a mouse model of S. aureus myositis, both radiolabeled siderophores showed radiotracer accumulation at the site of infection. CONCLUSIONS The 68Ga-complexes of stereoisomers ferrirubin and ferrirhodin revealed different pharmacokinetic profiles. In vitro uptake was not affected by isomerism. Both compounds had uptake with the same bacterial culture with similar efficacy. PET/CT imaging showed that the [68Ga]Ga-complexes accumulate at the site of S. aureus infection, highlighting the potential of [68Ga]Ga-FR as a promising tool for infection imaging. In contrast, retention of the radioactivity in the blood was observed for [68Ga]Ga-FRH. In conclusion, the stereoisomerism of potential radiotracers should be considered, as even minor structural differences can influence their pharmacokinetics and, consequently, the results of PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Krasulova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Neuzilova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Dvorakova Bendova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Novy
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Krizkovskeho 511/8, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Popper
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Krizkovskeho 511/8, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Olomouc, I.P. Pavlova 6, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Petrik
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Krizkovskeho 511/8, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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3
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Yu F, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Zhou J, Li J, Chen J, Du G, Zhao X. Biosynthesis, acquisition, regulation, and upcycling of heme: recent advances. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38228501 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2291339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Heme, an iron-containing tetrapyrrole in hemoproteins, including: hemoglobin, myoglobin, catalase, cytochrome c, and cytochrome P450, plays critical physiological roles in different organisms. Heme-derived chemicals, such as biliverdin, bilirubin, and phycocyanobilin, are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and have shown great potential in fighting viruses and diseases. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid to the biosynthesis of hemoproteins and heme derivatives, which depends on the adequate heme supply in various microbial cell factories. The enhancement of endogenous biosynthesis and exogenous uptake can improve the intracellular heme supply, but the excess free heme is toxic to the cells. Therefore, based on the heme-responsive regulators, several sensitive biosensors were developed to fine-tune the intracellular levels of heme. In this review, recent advances in the: biosynthesis, acquisition, regulation, and upcycling of heme were summarized to provide a solid foundation for the efficient production and application of high-value-added hemoproteins and heme derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xinrui Zhao
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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4
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Ding X, Robbe-Masselot C, Fu X, Léonard R, Marsac B, Dauriat CJG, Lepissier A, Rytter H, Ramond E, Dupuis M, Euphrasie D, Dubail I, Schimmich C, Qin X, Parraga J, Leite-de-Moraes M, Ferroni A, Chassaing B, Sermet-Gaudelus I, Charbit A, Coureuil M, Jamet A. Airway environment drives the selection of quorum sensing mutants and promote Staphylococcus aureus chronic lifestyle. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8135. [PMID: 38065959 PMCID: PMC10709412 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43863-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a predominant cause of chronic lung infections. While the airway environment is rich in highly sialylated mucins, the interaction of S. aureus with sialic acid is poorly characterized. Using S. aureus USA300 as well as clinical isolates, we demonstrate that quorum-sensing dysfunction, a hallmark of S. aureus adaptation, correlates with a greater ability to consume free sialic acid, providing a growth advantage in an air-liquid interface model and in vivo. Furthermore, RNA-seq experiment reveals that free sialic acid triggers transcriptional reprogramming promoting S. aureus chronic lifestyle. To support the clinical relevance of our results, we show the co-occurrence of S. aureus, sialidase-producing microbiota and free sialic acid in the airway of patients with cystic fibrosis. Our findings suggest a dual role for sialic acid in S. aureus airway infection, triggering virulence reprogramming and driving S. aureus adaptive strategies through the selection of quorum-sensing dysfunctional strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongqi Ding
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F75015, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Robbe-Masselot
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Xiali Fu
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F75015, Paris, France
| | - Renaud Léonard
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Benjamin Marsac
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Charlene J G Dauriat
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, Team «Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases», F75014, Paris, France
| | - Agathe Lepissier
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F75015, Paris, France
| | - Héloïse Rytter
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F75015, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Ramond
- Genoscope, UMR8030, Laboratory of Systems & Synthetic Biology (LISSB), Xenome team, F91057, Evry, France
| | - Marion Dupuis
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F75015, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Euphrasie
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F75015, Paris, France
| | - Iharilalao Dubail
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F75015, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Schimmich
- Anses, Laboratory of Animal Health in Normandy, Physiopathology and epidemiology of equine diseases (PhEED), RD 675, F14430, Goustranville, France
| | - Xiaoquan Qin
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F75005, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Parraga
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP Centre Université de Paris Cité, F75015, Paris, France
| | - Maria Leite-de-Moraes
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F75015, Paris, France
| | - Agnes Ferroni
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP Centre Université de Paris Cité, F75015, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, Team «Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases», F75014, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F75015, Paris, France
| | - Alain Charbit
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F75015, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Coureuil
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F75015, Paris, France.
| | - Anne Jamet
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F75015, Paris, France.
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP Centre Université de Paris Cité, F75015, Paris, France.
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5
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Ferreira RM, Dos Santos Silva DH, Silva KF, de Melo Monteiro J, Ferreira GF, Silva MRC, da Silva LCN, de Castro Oliveira L, Monteiro AS. Draft genome sequence of Staphylococcus aureus sequence type 5 SA01 isolated from bloodstream infection and comparative analysis with reference strains. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:288. [PMID: 37653266 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A Staphylococcus aureus isolate (SA01) obtained from bloodstream infection exhibited a remarkable drug resistance profile. In this study, we report the draft genome sequence of S. aureus ST 5 SA01, a multidrug-resistant isolate, and analyzed the genes associated with drug resistance and virulence. The genome sketch of S. aureus ST5 SA01 was sequenced with Illumina and annotated using the Prokka software. Rapid Annotation Subsystem Technology (RAST) was used to verify the gene functions in the genome subsystems. The Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) and Virulence Factor Database (VFDB) were used in the analysis. The RAST indicated a contribution of 25 proteins to host adenine, fibronectin-binding protein A (FnbA), and biofilm formation as an intercellular polysaccharide adhesive system (PIA). The MLST indicated that S. aureus ST 5 SA01 belongs to ST5 (CC5). In silico analyses also showed an extensive repertoire of genes associated with toxins, such as LukGH leukocidin, enterotoxins, and superantigen staphylococcal classes (SSL). The 11 genes for antimicrobial resistance in S. aureus ST 5 SA01 showed similarity and identity above ≥ 99% with nucleotide sequences deposited in GenBank. Although studies on ST5 clones in Brazil are scarce, monitoring the clone of S. aureus ST 5 SA01 is essential, as it has become a problem in pediatrics in several countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romulo Maia Ferreira
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, 65075-120, MA, Brasil
| | | | - Karinny Farias Silva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, 65075-120, MA, Brasil
| | | | - Gabriella Freitas Ferreira
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Campus Governador Valadares, CEP 35010-180, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | | | | | - Letícia de Castro Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal Do Triângulo Mineiro, Imunologia E Parasitologia, 38025180, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | - Andrea Souza Monteiro
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, 65075-120, MA, Brasil
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6
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Wang M, Wang Y, Wang M, Liu M, Cheng A. Heme acquisition and tolerance in Gram-positive model bacteria: An orchestrated balance. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18233. [PMID: 37501967 PMCID: PMC10368836 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As a nutrient, heme is important for various cellular processes of organism. Bacteria can obtain heme via heme biosynthesis or/and uptake of exogenous heme from the host. On the other side, absorption of excess heme is cytotoxic to bacteria. Thus, bacteria have developed systems to relieve heme toxicity and contribute to the maintenance of heme homeostasis. In the past decades, the mechanisms underlying heme acquisition and tolerance have been well studied in Gram-positive model bacteria, such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and other Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we review the elaborate mechanisms by which these bacteria acquire heme and resist heme toxicity. Since both the heme utilization system and the heme tolerance system contribute to bacterial virulence, this review is not only helpful for a comprehensive understanding of the heme homeostasis mechanism in Gram-positive bacteria but also provides a theoretical basis for the development of antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Livestock Research, Mianyang 621023, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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7
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Sciarra F, Franceschini E, Campolo F, Venneri MA. The Diagnostic Potential of the Human Blood Microbiome: Are We Dreaming or Awake? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10422. [PMID: 37445600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human blood has historically been considered a sterile environment. Recently, a thriving microbiome dominated by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes phyla was detected in healthy blood. The localization of these microbes is restricted to some blood cell populations, particularly the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and erythrocytes. It was hypothesized that the blood microbiome originates from the skin-oral-gut axis. In addition, many studies have evaluated the potential of blood microbiome dysbiosis as a prognostic marker in cardiovascular diseases, cirrhosis, severe liver fibrosis, severe acute pancreatitis, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney diseases. The present review aims to summarize current findings and most recent evidence in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sciarra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Franceschini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Campolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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8
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Sharma KK, Singh D, Mohite SV, Williamson PR, Kennedy JF. Metal manipulators and regulators in human pathogens: A comprehensive review on microbial redox copper metalloenzymes "multicopper oxidases and superoxide dismutases". Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123534. [PMID: 36740121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of metal ions with human pathogens is essential for their survival, energy generation, redox signaling, and niche dominance. To regulate and manipulate the metal ions, various enzymes and metal chelators are present in pathogenic bacteria. Metalloenzymes incorporate transition metal such as iron, zinc, cobalt, and copper in their reaction centers to perform essential metabolic functions; however, iron and copper have gained more importance. Multicopper oxidases have the ability to perform redox reaction on phenolic substrates with the help of copper ions. They have been reported from Enterobacteriaceae, namely Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, and Yersinia enterocolitica, but their role in virulence is still poorly understood. Similarly, superoxide dismutases participate in reducing oxidative stress and allow the survival of pathogens. Their role in virulence and survival is well established in Salmonella typhimurium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Further, to ensure survival against stress, like metal starvation or metal toxicity, redox metalloenzymes and metal transportation systems of pathogens actively participate in metal homeostasis. Recently, the omics and protein structure biology studies have helped to predict new targets for regulation the colonization potential of the pathogenic strains. The current review is focused on the major roles of redox metalloenzymes, especially MCOs and SODs of human pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kant Sharma
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Gut Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
| | - Deepti Singh
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Gut Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Shreya Vishwas Mohite
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Gut Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Peter R Williamson
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories, Advanced Science and Technology Institute, 5 the Croft, Buntsford Drive, Stoke Heath, Bromsgrove, Worcs B60 4JE, UK
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Li F, Huang K, Wang J, Yuan K, Yang Y, Liu Y, Zhou X, Kong K, Yang T, He J, Liu C, Ao H, Liu F, Liu Q, Tang T, Yang S. A dual functional Ti-Ga alloy: inhibiting biofilm formation and osteoclastogenesis differentiation via disturbing iron metabolism. Biomater Res 2023; 27:24. [PMID: 36978196 PMCID: PMC10053110 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although biomedical implants have been widely used in orthopedic treatments, two major clinical challenges remain to be solved, one is the bacterial infection resulting in biofilm formation, and the other is aseptic loosening during implantation due to over-activated osteoclastogenesis. These factors can cause many clinical issues and even lead to implant failure. Thus, it is necessary to endow implants with antibiofilm and aseptic loosening-prevention properties, to facilitate the integration between implants and bone tissues for successful implantation. To achieve this goal, this study aimed to develop a biocompatible titanium alloy with antibiofilm and anti-aseptic loosening dual function by utilizing gallium (Ga) as a component. METHODS A series of Ti-Ga alloys were prepared. We examined the Ga content, Ga distribution, hardness, tensile strength, biocompatibility, and anti-biofilm performance in vitro and in vivo. We also explored how Ga3+ ions inhibited the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) and osteoclast differentiation. RESULTS The alloy exhibited outstanding antibiofilm properties against both S. aureus and E. coli in vitro and decent antibiofilm performance against S. aureus in vivo. The proteomics results demonstrated that Ga3+ ions could disturb the bacterial Fe metabolism of both S. aureus and E. coli, inhibiting bacterial biofilm formation. In addition, Ti-Ga alloys could inhibit receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-dependent osteoclast differentiation and function by targeting iron metabolism, then suppressing the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, thus, showing their potential to prevent aseptic loosening. CONCLUSION This study provides an advanced Ti-Ga alloy that can be used as a promising orthopedic implant raw material for various clinical scenarios. This work also revealed that iron metabolism is the common target of Ga3+ ions to inhibit biofilm formation and osteoclast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fupeng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Jinbing Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yiqi Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yihao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xianhao Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Keyu Kong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hong Kong Institute for Advanced Study, College of Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian He
- M-Duke Medical Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunjie Liu
- M-Duke Medical Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyong Ao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Fengxiang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of laboratory medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao tong university school of medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Tingting Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Shengbing Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Wilkinson IVL, Bottlinger M, El Harraoui Y, Sieber SA. Profiling the Heme-Binding Proteomes of Bacteria Using Chemical Proteomics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212111. [PMID: 36495310 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heme is a cofactor with myriad roles and essential to almost all living organisms. Beyond classical gas transport and catalytic functions, heme is increasingly appreciated as a tightly controlled signalling molecule regulating protein expression. However, heme acquisition, biosynthesis and regulation is poorly understood beyond a few model organisms, and the heme-binding proteome has not been fully characterised in bacteria. Yet as heme homeostasis is critical for bacterial survival, heme-binding proteins are promising drug targets. Herein we report a chemical proteomics method for global profiling of heme-binding proteins in live cells for the first time. Employing a panel of heme-based clickable and photoaffinity probes enabled the profiling of 32-54 % of the known heme-binding proteomes in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This simple-to-implement profiling strategy could be interchangeably applied to different cell types and systems and fuel future research into heme biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel V L Wilkinson
- Centre for Functional Protein Assemblies, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Max Bottlinger
- Centre for Functional Protein Assemblies, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Yassmine El Harraoui
- Centre for Functional Protein Assemblies, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Stephan A Sieber
- Centre for Functional Protein Assemblies, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
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11
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Hussain Z, Ullah S, Yan J, Wang Z, Ullah I, Ahmad Z, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Wang L, Mansoorianfar M, Pei R. Electrospun tannin-rich nanofibrous solid-state membrane for wastewater environmental monitoring and remediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135810. [PMID: 35932921 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal, organic dyes, and bacterial contamination in water endanger human/animals' health, and therefore, the detection, adsorption, and capturing of contaminants are essential for environmental safety. Ligand-rich membranes are promising for sensors, adsorption, and bacterial decontamination. Herein, tannin (TA)-reinforced 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) crosslinked polycaprolactone (PCL) based nanofibrous membrane (PCL-TA-APTES) was fabricated via electrospinning. PCL-TA-APTES nanofibers possess superior thermal, mechanical, structural, chemical, and aqueous stability properties than the un-crosslinked membrane. It changed its color from yellowish to black in response to Fe2+/3+ ions due to supramolecular iron-tannin network (FeTA) interaction. Such selective sensing has been noticed after adsorption-desorption cycles. Fe3+ concentration, solution pH, contact time, and ligand concentration influence FeTA coordination. Under optimized conditions followed by image processing, the introduced membrane showed a colorimetric linear relationship against Fe3+ ions (16.58 μM-650 μM) with a limit of detection of 5.47 μM. The PCL-FeTA-APTES membrane could restrain phenolic group oxidation and result in a partial water-insoluble network. The adsorption filtration results showed that the PCL-FeTA-APTES membrane can be reused and had a higher methylene blue adsorption (32.04 mg/g) than the PCL-TA-APTES membrane (14.96 mg/g). The high capture efficiency of nanocomposite against Fe3+-based S. aureus suspension than Fe3+-free suspension demonstrated that Fe3+-bounded bacterium adhered to the nanocomposite through Fe3+/TA-dependent biointerface interactions. Overall, high surface area, rich phenolic ligand, porous microstructure, and super-wetting properties expedite FeTA coordination in the nanocomposite, crucial for Fe2+/3+ ions sensing, methylene blue adsorption-filtration, and capturing of Fe3+-bounded bacterium. These multifunctional properties could promise nanocomposite membrane practicability in wastewater and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Hussain
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, PR China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging Technology, CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Salim Ullah
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, PR China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging Technology, CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Jincong Yan
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, PR China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging Technology, CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Zhili Wang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging Technology, CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Ismat Ullah
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging Technology, CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Zia Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging Technology, CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Yi Cao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging Technology, CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, PR China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging Technology, CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Mojtaba Mansoorianfar
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging Technology, CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Renjun Pei
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, PR China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging Technology, CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
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12
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Jing H, Liu Z, Chen J, Ho CL. Elucidation of Iron(III) Bioleaching Properties of Gram-Positive Bacteria. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:37212-37220. [PMID: 36312424 PMCID: PMC9608414 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial-based iron reduction is an emerging technology used as an alternative to conventional chemical-based iron reduction. The iron reduction in kaolin refinement is vital for enhancing its commercial value. Extensive studies on microbial-based iron reduction mainly focus on Gram-negative bacteria, whereas little is understood about Gram-positive bacteria's mechanism and potential application. This study aims to investigate the iron-reducing mechanism of two Gram-positive bacterial isolates, Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). By varying the growth environment of bacteria and monitoring the biochemical changes during the process of iron reduction, the results show that Gram-positive bacterial iron reduction performance depends on the medium composition, differing from Gram-negative bacteria-based reduction processes. Nitrogen-rich medium facilitates the microbial basification of the medium, where the alkaline conditions impact the microbial iron reduction process by altering the gene expression involved in intracellular pH homeostasis and microbial growth. This discovery will contribute to the mineral refining processes and promote the development of microbial-based bioprocesses for ore purification, while also laying the foundation for investigating other Gram-positive bacterial iron-reducing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jing
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University
of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University
of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University
of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen518055, China
- Shenzhen
Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen
Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Chun Loong Ho
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University
of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen518055, China
- Shenzhen
Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen
Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
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13
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The Key Element Role of Metallophores in the Pathogenicity and Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus: A Review. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101525. [PMID: 36290427 PMCID: PMC9598555 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous bacterium Staphylococcus aureus causes many diseases that sometimes can be fatal due to its high pathogenicity. The latter is caused by the ability of this pathogen to secrete secondary metabolites, enabling it to colonize inside the host causing infection through various processes. Metallophores are secondary metabolites that enable bacteria to sequester metal ions from the surrounding environment since the availability of metal ions is crucial for bacterial metabolism and virulence. The uptake of iron and other metal ions such as nickel and zinc is one of these essential mechanisms that gives this germ its virulence properties and allow it to overcome the host immune system. Additionally, extensive interactions occur between this pathogen and other bacteria as they compete for resources. Staphylococcus aureus has high-affinity metal import pathways including metal ions acquisition, recruitment and metal-chelate complex import. These characteristics give this bacterium the ability to intake metallophores synthesized by other bacteria, thus enabling it to compete with other microorganisms for the limited nutrients. In scarce host conditions, free metal ions are extremely low because they are confined to storage and metabolic molecules, so metal ions are sequestered by metallophores produced by this bacterium. Both siderophores (iron chelating molecules) and staphylopine (wide- spectrum metallophore) are secreted by Staphylococcus aureus giving it infectious properties. The genetic regulation of the synthesis and export together with the import of metal loaded metallophores are well established and are all covered in this review.
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14
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Donegan RK. The role of host heme in bacterial infection. Biol Chem 2022; 403:1017-1029. [PMID: 36228088 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Heme is an indispensable cofactor for almost all aerobic life, including the human host and many bacterial pathogens. During infection, heme and hemoproteins are the largest source of bioavailable iron, and pathogens have evolved various heme acquisition pathways to satisfy their need for iron and heme. Many of these pathways are regulated transcriptionally by intracellular iron levels, however, host heme availability and intracellular heme levels have also been found to regulate heme uptake in some species. Knowledge of these pathways has helped to uncover not only how these bacteria incorporate host heme into their metabolism but also provided insight into the importance of host heme as a nutrient source during infection. Within this review is covered multiple aspects of the role of heme at the host pathogen interface, including the various routes of heme biosynthesis, how heme is sequestered by the host, and how heme is scavenged by bacterial pathogens. Also discussed is how heme and hemoproteins alter the behavior of the host immune system and bacterial pathogens. Finally, some unanswered questions about the regulation of heme uptake and how host heme is integrated into bacterial metabolism are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Donegan
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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15
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Jans C, Wambui J, Stevens MJA, Tasara T. Comparative genomics of dairy-associated Staphylococcus aureus from selected sub-Saharan African regions reveals milk as reservoir for human-and animal-derived strains and identifies a putative animal-related clade with presumptive novel siderophore. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:923080. [PMID: 36046020 PMCID: PMC9421002 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.923080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infection is considered to be a neglected tropical disease with huge impact on human and animal health alike. Dairy production in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) relies heavily on various animals such as cows, goats, and camels, depending on the region. S. aureus causes mastitis and exhibits high prevalence in raw milk. The population structure including genotypic and phenotypic traits of dairy S. aureus in relation to animal and human isolates is, however, unknown for SSA. In this work, 20 S. aureus dairy isolates from East and West Africa were selected for comparative genomics and phenotypic analysis. Comparing their population structure revealed a large diversity of different origins suggesting milk to be a reservoir for human and animal strains alike. Furthermore, a novel putative siderophore was detected in multiple strains in a distinct animal-clade with strains of global origin. This putative siderophore shares a high genetic identity with that from Streptococcus equi suggesting possible horizontal gene transfer. These findings combined with the virulence genes harbored by these dairy-derived strains such as pvl, human evasion factor scn, various enterotoxin, leucocidin and antibiotic resistance genes, stresses the need for an integrative One Health approach to tackle the problem of S. aureus infections in animals and humans in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Jans
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Wambui
- Institute of Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc J. A. Stevens
- Institute of Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Taurai Tasara
- Institute of Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Taurai Tasara,
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16
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Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158088. [PMID: 35897667 PMCID: PMC9332259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper discusses the mechanisms of S. aureus drug resistance including: (1) introduction. (2) resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, with particular emphasis on the mec genes found in the Staphylococcaceae family, the structure and occurrence of SCCmec cassettes, as well as differences in the presence of some virulence genes and its expression in major epidemiological types and clones of HA-MRSA, CA-MRSA, and LA-MRSA strains. Other mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics will also be discussed, such as mutations in the gdpP gene, BORSA or MODSA phenotypes, as well as resistance to ceftobiprole and ceftaroline. (3) Resistance to glycopeptides (VRSA, VISA, hVISA strains, vancomycin tolerance). (4) Resistance to oxazolidinones (mutational and enzymatic resistance to linezolid). (5) Resistance to MLS-B (macrolides, lincosamides, ketolides, and streptogramin B). (6) Aminoglycosides and spectinomicin, including resistance genes, their regulation and localization (plasmids, transposons, class I integrons, SCCmec), and types and spectrum of enzymes that inactivate aminoglycosides. (7). Fluoroquinolones (8) Tetracyclines, including the mechanisms of active protection of the drug target site and active efflux of the drug from the bacterial cell. (9) Mupirocin. (10) Fusidic acid. (11) Daptomycin. (12) Resistance to other antibiotics and chemioterapeutics (e.g., streptogramins A, quinupristin/dalfopristin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, fosfomycin, trimethoprim) (13) Molecular epidemiology of MRSA.
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Mixed Populations and Co-Infection: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1386:397-424. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08491-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Heme-Dependent Siderophore Utilization Promotes Iron-Restricted Growth of the Staphylococcus aureus hemB Small-Colony Variant. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:e0045821. [PMID: 34606375 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00458-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiration-deficient Staphylococcus aureus small-colony variants (SCVs) frequently cause persistent infections, which necessitates they acquire iron, yet how SCVs obtain iron remains unknown. To address this, we created a stable hemB mutant from S. aureus USA300 strain LAC. The hemB SCV utilized exogenously supplied hemin but was attenuated for growth under conditions of iron starvation. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) showed that both wild-type (WT) S. aureus and the hemB mutant sense and respond to iron starvation; however, growth assays show that the hemB mutant is defective for siderophore-mediated iron acquisition. Indeed, the hemB SCV demonstrated limited utilization of endogenous staphyloferrin B or exogenously provided staphyloferrin A, deferoxamine mesylate (Desferal), and epinephrine. Direct measurement of intracellular ATP in hemB and WT S. aureus revealed that both strains can generate comparable levels of ATP during exponential growth, suggesting defects in ATP production cannot account for the inability to efficiently utilize siderophores. Defective siderophore utilization by hemB bacteria was also evident in vivo, as administration of Desferal failed to promote hemB bacterial growth in every organ analyzed except for the kidneys. In support of the hypothesis that S. aureus accesses heme in kidney abscesses, in vitro analyses revealed that increased hemin availability enables hemB bacteria to utilize siderophores for growth when iron availability is restricted. Taken together, our data support the conclusion that hemin is used not only as an iron source itself but also as a nutrient that promotes utilization of siderophore-iron complexes. IMPORTANCE S. aureus small-colony variants (SCVs) are associated with chronic recurrent infection and worsened clinical outcome. SCVs persist within the host despite administration of antibiotics. This study yields insight into how S. aureus SCVs acquire iron, which during infection of a host is a difficult-to-acquire metal nutrient. Under hemin-limited conditions, hemB S. aureus is impaired for siderophore-dependent growth, and in agreement, murine infection indicates that hemin-deficient SCVs meet their nutritional requirement for iron through utilization of hemin. Importantly, we demonstrate that hemB SCVs rely upon hemin as a nutrient to promote siderophore utilization. Therefore, perturbation of heme biosynthesis and/or utilization represents a viable to strategy to mitigate the ability of SCV bacteria to acquire siderophore-bound iron during infection.
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Husna, Hussain A, Shah M, Hamayun M, Iqbal A, Murad W, Irshad M, Qadir M, Kim HY. Pseudocitrobacter anthropi reduces heavy metal uptake and improves phytohormones and antioxidant system in Glycine max L. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:195. [PMID: 34651251 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination due to anthropogenic activities is a great threat to modern humanity. A novel and natural technique of bioremediation using microbes for detoxification of heavy metals while improving plants' growth is the call of the day. In this study, exposing soybean plants to different concentrations (i.e., 10 and 50 ppm) of chromium and arsenic showed a severe reduction in agronomic attributes, higher reactive oxygen species production, and disruption in the antioxidant system. Contrarily, rhizobacterial isolate C18 inoculation not only rescued host growth, but also improved the production of nonenzymatic antioxidants (i.e., flavonoids, phenolic, and proline contents) and enzymatic antioxidants i.e., catalases, ascorbic acid oxidase, peroxidase activity, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, lower reactive oxygen species accumulation in leaves. Thereby, lowering secondary oxidative stress and subsequent damage. The strain was identified using 16 S rDNA sequencing and was identified as Pseudocitrobacter anthropi. Additionally, the strain can endure metals up to 1200 ppm and efficient in detoxifying the effect of chromium and arsenic by regulating phytohormones (IAA 59.02 µg/mL and GA 101.88 nM/mL) and solubilizing inorganic phosphates, making them excellent phytostimulant, biofertilizers, and heavy metal bio-remediating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husna
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Garden Campus, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Hussain
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Garden Campus, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Mohib Shah
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Garden Campus, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Garden Campus, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Iqbal
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Garden Campus, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Murad
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Garden Campus, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irshad
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Garden Campus, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qadir
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Garden Campus, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangwon, Korea.
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20
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Wang TSA, Chen PL, Chen YCS, Hung HM, Huang JY. Selectively Targeting and Differentiating Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus via Dual Synthetic Fluorescent Probes. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2584-2590. [PMID: 34410687 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many Staphylococcus bacteria are pathogenic and harmful to humans. Noticeably, some Staphylococcus, including vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA), have become notoriously resistant to antibiotics and have spread rapidly, becoming threats to public health. Here, we designed a dual fluorescent probe scheme combining siderophores and antibiotics as the guiding units to selectively target VRSA and vancomycin-sensitive S. aureus (VSSA) in complex bacterial samples. Siderophore-mediated iron uptake is the key pathway by which S. aureus acquires iron in limited environments. Therefore, the siderophore-derivative probe could differentiate between S. aureus and other bacteria. Moreover, by fine-tuning the vancomycin-derivative probes, we could selectively target only VSSA, further differentiating VRSA and VSSA. Finally, by combining the siderophore-derivative probe and the vancomycin-derivative probe, we successfully targeted and differentiated between VRSA and VSSA in complicated bacterial mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pin-Lung Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yi-Chen Sarah Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Hsuan-Min Hung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Jhih-Yi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
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21
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Elucidation of Gram-Positive Bacterial Iron(III) Reduction for Kaolinite Clay Refinement. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113084. [PMID: 34064160 PMCID: PMC8196777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, microbial-based iron reduction has been considered as a viable alternative to typical chemical-based treatments. The iron reduction is an important process in kaolin refining, where iron-bearing impurities in kaolin clay affects the whiteness, refractory properties, and its commercial value. In recent years, Gram-negative bacteria has been in the center stage of iron reduction research, whereas little is known about the potential use of Gram-positive bacteria to refine kaolin clay. In this study, we investigated the ferric reducing capabilities of five microbes by manipulating the microbial growth conditions. Out of the five, we discovered that Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus outperformed the other microbes under nitrogen-rich media. Through the biochemical changes and the microbial behavior, we mapped the hypothetical pathway leading to the iron reduction cellular properties, and found that the iron reduction properties of these Gram-positive bacteria rely heavily on the media composition. The media composition results in increased basification of the media that is a prerequisite for the cellular reduction of ferric ions. Further, these changes impact the formation of biofilm, suggesting that the cellular interaction for the iron(III)oxide reduction is not solely reliant on the formation of biofilms. This article reveals the potential development of Gram-positive microbes in facilitating the microbial-based removal of metal contaminants from clays or ores. Further studies to elucidate the corresponding pathways would be crucial for the further development of the field.
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22
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Rapid removal of phagosomal ferroportin in macrophages contributes to nutritional immunity. Blood Adv 2021; 5:459-474. [PMID: 33496744 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient sequestration is an essential facet of host innate immunity. Macrophages play a critical role in controlling iron availability through expression of the iron transport protein ferroportin (FPN), which extrudes iron from the cytoplasm to the extracellular milieu. During phagocytosis, the limiting phagosomal membrane, which derives from the plasmalemma, can be decorated with FPN and, if functional, will move iron from the cytosol into the phagosome lumen. This serves to feed iron to phagocytosed microbes and would be counterproductive to the many other known host mechanisms working to starve microbes of this essential metal. To understand how FPN is regulated during phagocytosis, we expressed FPN as a green fluorescent protein-fusion protein in macrophages and monitored its localization during uptake of various phagocytic targets, including Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, human erythrocytes, and immunoglobulin G opsonized latex beads. We find that FPN is rapidly removed, independently of Vps34 and PI(3)P, from early phagosomes and does not follow recycling pathways that regulate transferrin receptor recycling. Live-cell video microscopy showed that FPN movement on the phagosome is dynamic, with punctate and tubular structures forming before FPN is trafficked back to the plasmalemma. N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor, which disrupts soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-mediated membrane fusion and trafficking, prevented FPN removal from the phagosome. Our data support the hypothesis that removal of FPN from the limiting phagosomal membrane will, at the cellular level, ensure that iron cannot be pumped into phagosomes. We propose this as yet another mechanism of host nutritional immunity to subvert microbial growth.
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23
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Wang J, Applefeld WN, Sun J, Solomon SB, Feng J, Couse ZG, Risoleo TF, Danner RL, Tejero J, Lertora J, Alipour E, Basu S, Sachdev V, Kim-Shapiro DB, Gladwin MT, Klein HG, Natanson C. Mechanistic insights into cell-free hemoglobin-induced injury during septic shock. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H2385-H2400. [PMID: 33989079 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00092.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free hemoglobin (CFH) levels are elevated in septic shock and are higher in nonsurvivors. Whether CFH is only a marker of sepsis severity or is involved in pathogenesis is unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether CFH worsens sepsis-associated injuries and to determine potential mechanisms of harm. Fifty-one, 10-12 kg purpose-bred beagles were randomized to receive Staphylococcus aureus intrapulmonary challenges or saline followed by CFH infusions (oxyhemoglobin >80%) or placebo. Animals received antibiotics and intensive care support for 96 h. CFH significantly increased mean pulmonary arterial pressures and right ventricular afterload in both septic and nonseptic animals, effects that were significantly greater in nonsurvivors. These findings are consistent with CFH-associated nitric oxide (NO) scavenging and were associated with significantly depressed cardiac function, and worsened shock, lactate levels, metabolic acidosis, and multiorgan failure. In septic animals only, CFH administration significantly increased mean alveolar-arterial oxygenation gradients, also to a significantly greater degree in nonsurvivors. CFH-associated iron levels were significantly suppressed in infected animals, suggesting that bacterial iron uptake worsened pneumonia. Notably, cytokine levels were similar in survivors and nonsurvivors and were not predictive of outcome. In the absence and presence of infection, CFH infusions resulted in pulmonary hypertension, cardiogenic shock, and multiorgan failure, likely through NO scavenging. In the presence of infection alone, CFH infusions worsened oxygen exchange and lung injury, presumably by supplying iron that promoted bacterial growth. CFH elevation, a known consequence of clinical septic shock, adversely impacts sepsis outcomes through more than one mechanism, and is a biologically plausible, nonantibiotic, noncytokine target for therapeutic intervention.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cell-free hemoglobin (CFH) elevations are a known consequence of clinical sepsis. Using a two-by-two factorial design and extensive physiological and biochemical evidence, we found a direct mechanism of injury related to nitric oxide scavenging leading to pulmonary hypertension increasing right heart afterload, depressed cardiac function, worsening circulatory failure, and death, as well as an indirect mechanism related to iron toxicity. These discoveries alter conventional thinking about septic shock pathogenesis and provide novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Wang
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Willard N Applefeld
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Steve B Solomon
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jing Feng
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zoe G Couse
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Thomas F Risoleo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Robert L Danner
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jesús Tejero
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Juan Lertora
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Elmira Alipour
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Swati Basu
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Vandana Sachdev
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Mark T Gladwin
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Harvey G Klein
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Charles Natanson
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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24
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Ribeiro M, Fonseca L, Anjos JS, Capo-Chichi JCC, Borges NA, Burrowes J, Mafra D. Oral iron supplementation in patients with chronic kidney disease: Can it be harmful to the gut microbiota? Nutr Clin Pract 2021; 37:81-93. [PMID: 33979013 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have several pathophysiological alterations, including anemia, one of the first changes in CKD patients. More recently, researchers have observed that the intestinal microbiota alterations are also another complication in these patients. The most common treatment for anemia is oral (mainly ferrous sulfate) or intravenous iron supplementation. Despite being a necessary treatment, recent studies have reported that supplementation with oral iron may increase its availability in the intestine, leading to disturbance in the gut microbiota and also to oxidative stress in the enterocytes, which may change the permeability and the microbiota profile. Although it is a therapy routinely used in patients with CKD, supplementation with oral iron on the gut microbiota has been rarely studied in these patients. Thus, this review will discuss the relationship between iron and the gut microbiota and the possible effects of oral iron supplementation on gut microbiota in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Unidade de Pesquisa Clinica (UPC)-University Hospital Antonio Pedro, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Larissa Fonseca
- Unidade de Pesquisa Clinica (UPC)-University Hospital Antonio Pedro, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Anjos
- Unidade de Pesquisa Clinica (UPC)-University Hospital Antonio Pedro, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jean C C Capo-Chichi
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natália A Borges
- Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Unidade de Pesquisa Clinica (UPC)-University Hospital Antonio Pedro, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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25
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Samsonov SA, Zsila F, Maszota-Zieleniak M. Acute phase α 1-acid glycoprotein as a siderophore-capturing component of the human plasma: A molecular modeling study. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 105:107861. [PMID: 33640788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Siderophores are ferric ion-specific organic compounds that are used by bacteria and fungi to secure their iron supply when infecting target organisms. There are a few proteins in the human body, named siderocalins, which bind these important virulence factors and so starve microorganisms of iron. In this study, we analyzed in silico if serum α1-acid glycoprotein (AAG), the major acute phase lipocalin component of the human plasma, could functionally belong to this group. The real biological function of AAG is elusive and its concentration substantially increases in response to pathological stimuli, including bacterial infections. We computationally evaluated the potential binding of nine microbial siderophores into the β-barrel cavity of AAG and compared the results with the corresponding experimental data reported for siderophore-neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin complexes. According to the results, petrobactin and Fe-BisHaCam are putative candidates to be recognized by this protein. It is proposed that AAG may function as a siderophore capturing component of the innate immune system being able to neutralize bacterial iron chelators not recognized by other siderocalins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Samsonov
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ferenc Zsila
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Hungary.
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26
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Ellis-Guardiola K, Mahoney BJ, Clubb RT. NEAr Transporter (NEAT) Domains: Unique Surface Displayed Heme Chaperones That Enable Gram-Positive Bacteria to Capture Heme-Iron From Hemoglobin. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:607679. [PMID: 33488548 PMCID: PMC7815599 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.607679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an important micronutrient that is required by bacteria to proliferate and to cause disease. Many bacterial pathogens forage iron from human hemoglobin (Hb) during infections, which contains this metal within heme (iron-protoporphyrin IX). Several clinically important pathogenic species within the Firmicutes phylum scavenge heme using surface-displayed or secreted NEAr Transporter (NEAT) domains. In this review, we discuss how these versatile proteins function in the Staphylococcus aureus Iron-regulated surface determinant system that scavenges heme-iron from Hb. S. aureus NEAT domains function as either Hb receptors or as heme-binding chaperones. In vitro studies have shown that heme-binding NEAT domains can rapidly exchange heme amongst one another via transiently forming transfer complexes, leading to the interesting hypothesis that they may form a protein-wire within the peptidoglycan layer through which heme flows from the microbial surface to the membrane. In Hb receptors, recent studies have revealed how dedicated heme- and Hb-binding NEAT domains function synergistically to extract Hb's heme molecules, and how receptor binding to the Hb-haptoglobin complex may block its clearance by macrophages, prolonging microbial access to Hb's iron. The functions of NEAT domains in other Gram-positive bacteria are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Ellis-Guardiola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Brendan J. Mahoney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Robert T. Clubb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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27
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Nairz M, Weiss G. Iron in infection and immunity. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 75:100864. [PMID: 32461004 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for virtually all living cells. In infectious diseases, both invading pathogens and mammalian cells including those of the immune system require iron to sustain their function, metabolism and proliferation. On the one hand, microbial iron uptake is linked to the virulence of most human pathogens. On the other hand, the sequestration of iron from bacteria and other microorganisms is an efficient strategy of host defense in line with the principles of 'nutritional immunity'. In an acute infection, host-driven iron withdrawal inhibits the growth of pathogens. Chronic immune activation due to persistent infection, autoimmune disease or malignancy however, sequesters iron not only from infectious agents, autoreactive lymphocytes and neoplastic cells but also from erythroid progenitors. This is one of the key mechanisms which collectively result in the anemia of chronic inflammation. In this review, we highlight the most important interconnections between iron metabolism and immunity, focusing on host defense against relevant infections and on the clinical consequences of anemia of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
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28
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di Masi A, De Simone G, Ciaccio C, D'Orso S, Coletta M, Ascenzi P. Haptoglobin: From hemoglobin scavenging to human health. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 73:100851. [PMID: 32660714 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Haptoglobin (Hp) belongs to the family of acute-phase plasma proteins and represents the most important plasma detoxifier of hemoglobin (Hb). The basic Hp molecule is a tetrameric protein built by two α/β dimers. Each Hp α/β dimer is encoded by a single gene and is synthesized as a single polypeptide. Following post-translational protease-dependent cleavage of the Hp polypeptide, the α and β chains are linked by disulfide bridge(s) to generate the mature Hp protein. As human Hp gene is characterized by two common Hp1 and Hp2 alleles, three major genotypes can result (i.e., Hp1-1, Hp2-1, and Hp2-2). Hp regulates Hb clearance from circulation by the macrophage-specific receptor CD163, thus preventing Hb-mediated severe consequences for health. Indeed, the antioxidant and Hb binding properties of Hp as well as its ability to stimulate cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage and to modulate the helper T-cell type 1 and type 2 balance significantly associate with a variety of pathogenic disorders (e.g., infectious diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer). Alternative functions of the variants Hp1 and Hp2 have been reported, particularly in the susceptibility and protection against infectious (e.g., pulmonary tuberculosis, HIV, and malaria) and non-infectious (e.g., diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and obesity) diseases. Both high and low levels of Hp are indicative of clinical conditions: Hp plasma levels increase during infections, inflammation, and various malignant diseases, and decrease during malnutrition, hemolysis, hepatic disease, allergic reactions, and seizure disorders. Of note, the Hp:Hb complexes display heme-based reactivity; in fact, they bind several ferrous and ferric ligands, including O2, CO, and NO, and display (pseudo-)enzymatic properties (e.g., NO and peroxynitrite detoxification). Here, genetic, biochemical, biomedical, and biotechnological aspects of Hp are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra di Masi
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanna De Simone
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Ciaccio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, I-00133, Roma, Italy; Interuniversity Consortium for the Research on the Chemistry of Metals in Biological Systems, Via Celso Ulpiani 27, I-70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia D'Orso
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Coletta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, I-00133, Roma, Italy; Interuniversity Consortium for the Research on the Chemistry of Metals in Biological Systems, Via Celso Ulpiani 27, I-70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, I-00146, Roma, Italy.
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29
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An evolutionary path to altered cofactor specificity in a metalloenzyme. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2738. [PMID: 32483131 PMCID: PMC7264356 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost half of all enzymes utilize a metal cofactor. However, the features that dictate the metal utilized by metalloenzymes are poorly understood, limiting our ability to manipulate these enzymes for industrial and health-associated applications. The ubiquitous iron/manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD) family exemplifies this deficit, as the specific metal used by any family member cannot be predicted. Biochemical, structural and paramagnetic analysis of two evolutionarily related SODs with different metal specificity produced by the pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus identifies two positions that control metal specificity. These residues make no direct contacts with the metal-coordinating ligands but control the metal’s redox properties, demonstrating that subtle architectural changes can dramatically alter metal utilization. Introducing these mutations into S. aureus alters the ability of the bacterium to resist superoxide stress when metal starved by the host, revealing that small changes in metal-dependent activity can drive the evolution of metalloenzymes with new cofactor specificity. Many metalloenzymes are highly specific for their cognate metal ion but the molecular principles underlying this specificity often remain unclear. Here, the authors characterize the structural and biochemical basis for the different metal specificity of two evolutionarily related superoxide dismutases.
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30
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Endicott N, Rivera GSM, Yang J, Wencewicz TA. Emergence of Ferrichelatase Activity in a Siderophore-Binding Protein Supports an Iron Shuttle in Bacteria. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:493-506. [PMID: 32341999 PMCID: PMC7181320 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Siderophores are small-molecule high-affinity multidentate chelators selective for ferric iron that are produced by pathogenic microbes to aid in nutrient sequestration and enhance virulence. In Gram-positive bacteria, the currently accepted paradigm in siderophore-mediated iron acquisition is that effluxed metal-free siderophores extract ferric iron from biological sources and the resulting ferric siderophore complex undergoes diffusion-controlled association with a surface-displayed siderophore-binding protein (SBP) followed by ABC permease-mediated translocation across the cell envelope powered by ATP hydrolysis. Here we show that a more efficient paradigm is possible in Gram-positive bacteria where extracellular metal-free siderophores associate directly with apo-SBPs on the cell surface and serve as non-covalent cofactors that enable the holo-SBPs to non-reductively extract ferric iron directly from host metalloproteins with so-called "ferrichelatase" activity. The resulting SBP-bound ferric siderophore complex is ready for import through an associated membrane permease and enzymatic turnover is achieved through cofactor replacement from the readily available pool of extracellular siderophores. This new "iron shuttle" model closes a major knowledge gap in microbial iron acquisition and defines new roles of the siderophore and SBP as cofactor and enzyme, respectively, in addition to the classically accepted roles as a transport substrate and receptor pair. We propose the formal name "siderophore-dependent ferrichelatases" for this new class of catalytic SBPs.
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31
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Zsila F, Beke-Somfai T. Human host-defense peptide LL-37 targets stealth siderophores. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:780-785. [PMID: 32265033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of evidence shows that human-associated microbiota is an important contributor in health and disease. However, much of the complexity of host-microbiota interaction remains to be elucidated both at cellular and molecular levels. Siderophores are chemically diverse, ferric-specific chelators synthesized and secreted by microbes to secure their iron acquisition. The host defense peptide LL-37 is ubiquitously produced at epithelial surfaces modulating microbial communities and suppressing pathogenic strains. The present work demonstrates that LL-37 binds tightly siderocalin-resistant stealth siderophores which are important contributors to the virulence of several pathogens. As indicated by circular dichroism spectroscopic experiments, addition of aerobactin and rhizoferrin increases the membrane active α-helical conformation of the partially folded peptide. The cationic nature of LL-37 (+6 net charge at pH 7.4) and the multiple carboxylate groups present in siderophores refer to the dominant contribution of electrostatic interactions in the stabilization of peptide-chelator adducts. It is proposed that aside siderocalin proteins, LL-37 may be a complementary, less specific component of the siderophore scavenging repertoire of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Zsila
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, P.O. Box 286, H-1519, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Beke-Somfai
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, P.O. Box 286, H-1519, Budapest, Hungary
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32
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Marchetti M, De Bei O, Bettati S, Campanini B, Kovachka S, Gianquinto E, Spyrakis F, Ronda L. Iron Metabolism at the Interface between Host and Pathogen: From Nutritional Immunity to Antibacterial Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2145. [PMID: 32245010 PMCID: PMC7139808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional immunity is a form of innate immunity widespread in both vertebrates and invertebrates. The term refers to a rich repertoire of mechanisms set up by the host to inhibit bacterial proliferation by sequestering trace minerals (mainly iron, but also zinc and manganese). This strategy, selected by evolution, represents an effective front-line defense against pathogens and has thus inspired the exploitation of iron restriction in the development of innovative antimicrobials or enhancers of antimicrobial therapy. This review focuses on the mechanisms of nutritional immunity, the strategies adopted by opportunistic human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus to circumvent it, and the impact of deletion mutants on the fitness, infectivity, and persistence inside the host. This information finally converges in an overview of the current development of inhibitors targeting the different stages of iron uptake, an as-yet unexploited target in the field of antistaphylococcal drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialaura Marchetti
- Interdepartmental Center Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Omar De Bei
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (O.D.B.); (B.C.)
| | - Stefano Bettati
- Interdepartmental Center Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Campanini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (O.D.B.); (B.C.)
| | - Sandra Kovachka
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (S.K.); (E.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Eleonora Gianquinto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (S.K.); (E.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesca Spyrakis
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (S.K.); (E.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Luca Ronda
- Interdepartmental Center Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Mikkelsen JH, Runager K, Andersen CBF. The human protein haptoglobin inhibits IsdH-mediated heme-sequestering by Staphylococcus aureus. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:1781-1791. [PMID: 31819010 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient for all living organisms. To acquire iron, many pathogens have developed elaborate systems to steal it from their hosts. The iron acquisition system in the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus comprises nine proteins, called iron-regulated surface determinants (Isds). The Isd components enable S. aureus to extract heme from hemoglobin (Hb), transport it into the bacterial cytoplasm, and ultimately release iron from the porphyrin ring. IsdB and IsdH act as hemoglobin receptors and are known to actively extract heme from extracellular Hb. To limit microbial pathogenicity during infection, host organisms attempt to restrict the availability of nutrient metals at the host-pathogen interface. The human acute phase protein haptoglobin (Hp) protects the host from oxidative damage by clearing hemoglobin that has leaked from red blood cells and also restricts the availability of extracellular Hb-bound iron to invading pathogens. To investigate whether Hp serves an additional role in nutritional immunity through a direct inhibition of IsdH-mediated iron acquisition, here we measured heme extraction from the Hp-Hb complex by UV-visible spectroscopy and determined the crystal structure of the Hp-Hb-IsdH complex at 2.9 Å resolution. We found that Hp strongly inhibits IsdH-mediated heme extraction and that Hp binding prevents local unfolding of the Hb heme pocket, leaving IsdH unable to wrest the heme from Hb. Furthermore, we noted that the Hp-Hb binding appears to trap IsdH in an initial state before heme transfer. Our findings provide insights into Hp-mediated IsdH inhibition and the dynamics of IsdH-mediated heme extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob H Mikkelsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kasper Runager
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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