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Chen Y, Lu A, Hu Z, Li J, Lu J. ERBB3 targeting: A promising approach to overcoming cancer therapeutic resistance. Cancer Lett 2024; 599:217146. [PMID: 39098760 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor-3 (ERBB3) is a member of the ERBB receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and is expressed in many malignancies. Along with other ERBB receptors, ERBB3 is associated with regulating normal cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and survival, and has received increased research attention for its involvement in cancer therapies. ERBB3 expression or co-expression levels have been investigated as predictive factors for cancer prognosis and drug sensitivity. Additionally, the association between the elevated expression of ERBB3 and treatment failure in cancer therapy further established ERBB3-targeting therapy as a crucial therapeutic approach. This review delves into the molecular mechanisms of ERBB3-driven resistance to targeted therapeutics against ERBB2 and EGFR and other signal transduction inhibitors, endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Using preclinical and clinical evidence, we synthesise and explicate how various aspects of aberrant ERBB3 activities-such as compensatory activation, signal crosstalk interactions, dysregulation in the endocytic pathway, mutations, ligand-independent activation, intrinsic kinase activity, and homodimerisation-can lead to resistance development and/or treatment failures. Several ERBB3-directed monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, and the emerging antibody-drug conjugate demonstrate encouraging clinical outcomes for improving therapeutic efficacy and overcoming resistance, especially when combined with other anti-cancer approaches. More research efforts are needed to identify appropriate biomarkers tailored for ERBB3-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Chen
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Anni Lu
- Pinehurst School, Albany, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zhangli Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinyao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Xijiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand; College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi Province, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi Province, China; Department of Food and Agriculture Technology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, Jiaxing, 314006, China.
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2
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Pesch AM, Pierce LJ, Speers CW. Modulating the Radiation Response for Improved Outcomes in Breast Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2021; 5:PO.20.00297. [PMID: 34250414 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Pesch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lori J Pierce
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Corey W Speers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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3
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Higher Anti-Tumor Efficacy of the Dual HER3-EGFR Antibody MEHD7945a Combined with Ionizing Irradiation in Cervical Cancer Cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 106:1039-1051. [PMID: 31959545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The outcome of locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) is dismal. Biomarkers are needed to individualize treatments and to improve patient outcomes. Here, we investigated whether coexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) could be an outcome prognostic biomarker, and whether targeting both EGFR and HER3 with a dual antibody (MEHD7945A) enhanced ionizing radiation (IR) efficacy. METHODS AND MATERIALS Expression of EGFR and HER3 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in cancer biopsies (n = 72 patients with LACC). The antitumor effects of the MEHD7945A and IR combotherapy were assessed in 2 EGFR- and HER3-positive cervical cancer cell lines (A431 and CaSki) and in A431 cell xenografts. The mechanisms involved in tumor cell radiosensitization were also studied. The interaction of MEHD7945A, IR, and cisplatin was evaluated using dose-response matrix data. RESULTS EGFR and HER3 were coexpressed in only in 7 of the 22 biopsies of FIGO IVB cervix cancer. The median overall survival was 14.6 months and 23.1 months in patients with FIGO IVB tumors that coexpressed or did not coexpress EGFR and HER3, respectively. In mice xenografted with A431 (squamous cell carcinoma) cells, MEHD7945A significantly increased IR response by reducing tumor growth and increasing cleaved caspase-3 expression. In A431 and CaSki cells, the combotherapy increased DNA damage and cell death, particularly immunogenic cell death, and decreased survival by inhibiting the MAPK and AKT pathways. An additive effect was observed when IR, MEHD7945A, and cisplatin were combined. CONCLUSIONS Targeting EGFR and HER3 with a specific dual antibody enhanced IR efficacy. These preliminary results and the prognostic value of EGFR and HER3 coexpression should be confirmed in a larger sample.
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Baro M, Lopez Sambrooks C, Burtness BA, Lemmon MA, Contessa JN. Neuregulin Signaling Is a Mechanism of Therapeutic Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:2124-2134. [PMID: 31387891 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
EGFR signaling confers resistance to radiotherapy and is a validated target in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The inhibition of EGFR in combination with radiotherapy improves local control and overall survival in these patients; however, therapeutic resistance limits the efficacy of this approach. We therefore sought to identify cellular mechanisms that cause resistance to EGFR inhibition and radiotherapy in HNSCC. Though clonal isolation of carcinoma cells exposed to increasing concentrations of cetuximab, we found that resistant cells upregulate prosurvival ErbB3 and AKT signaling. Using EFM-19 cells and confirmatory analysis of protein levels, we demonstrate that cetuximab resistance is characterized by enhanced neuregulin expression identifying a novel adaptive mechanism of therapeutic resistance. Inhibition of this autocrine loop with CDX-3379 (an ErbB3 specific antibody) was sufficient to block ErbB3/AKT signaling in cetuximab resistant cells. The combination of CDX-3379 and cetuximab reduced proliferation and survival after radiotherapy in several HNSCC cell lines. These in vitro findings were confirmed in xenograft tumor growth experiments including an approach using growth factor-supplemented Matrigel. In vivo, the delivery of EGFR and ErbB3 antibodies significantly reduced tumor growth in cetuximab-resistant FaDu and CAL27 xenografts. In summary, this work demonstrates that autocrine NRG ligand secretion is a mechanism for therapeutic resistance to cetuximab and radiotherapy. This cross-resistance to both therapeutic modalities identifies NRG as an actionable therapeutic target for improving treatment regimens in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Baro
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Barbara A Burtness
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mark A Lemmon
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Joseph N Contessa
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. .,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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5
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Bourillon L, Bourgier C, Gaborit N, Garambois V, Llès E, Zampieri A, Ogier C, Jarlier M, Radosevic-Robin N, Orsetti B, Delpech H, Theillet C, Colombo PE, Azria D, Pèlegrin A, Larbouret C, Chardès T. An auristatin-based antibody-drug conjugate targeting HER3 enhances the radiation response in pancreatic cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:1838-1851. [PMID: 30882895 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer characterized by poor response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy due to the lack of efficient therapeutic tools and early diagnostic markers. We previously generated the nonligand competing anti-HER3 antibody 9F7-F11 that binds to pancreatic tumor cells and induces tumor regression in vivo in experimental models. Here, we asked whether coupling 9F7-F11 with a radiosensitizer, such as monomethylauristatin E (MMAE), by using the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) technology could improve radiation therapy efficacy in PDAC. We found that the MMAE-based HER3 antibody-drug conjugate (HER3-ADC) was efficiently internalized in tumor cells, increased the fraction of cells arrested in G2/M, which is the most radiosensitive phase of the cell cycle, and promoted programmed cell death of irradiated HER3-positive pancreatic cancer cells (BxPC3 and HPAC cell lines). HER3-ADC decreased the clonogenic survival of irradiated cells by increasing DNA double-strand break formation (based on γH2AX level), and by modulating DNA damage repair. Tumor radiosensitization with HER3-ADC favored the inhibition of the AKT-induced survival pathway, together with more efficient caspase 3/PARP-mediated apoptosis. Incubation with HER3-ADC before irradiation synergistically reduced the phosphorylation of STAT3, which is involved in chemoradiation resistance. In vivo, the combination of HER3-ADC with radiation therapy increased the overall survival of mice harboring BxPC3, HPAC cell xenografts or patient-derived xenografts, and reduced proliferation (KI67-positive cells). Combining auristatin radiosensitizer delivery via an HER3-ADC with radiotherapy is a new promising therapeutic strategy in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bourillon
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Bourgier
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France.,Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Nadège Gaborit
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Garambois
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Eva Llès
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Zampieri
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Charline Ogier
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Marta Jarlier
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Nina Radosevic-Robin
- Department of Biopathology, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center and INSERM/UCA UMR 1240, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Béatrice Orsetti
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Delpech
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Charles Theillet
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Colombo
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France.,Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - David Azria
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France.,Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - André Pèlegrin
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Christel Larbouret
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Chardès
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
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Hong SH, Lee WJ, Kim YD, Kim H, Jeon YJ, Lim B, Cho DH, Heo WD, Yang DH, Kim CY, Yang HK, Yang JK, Jung YK. APIP, an ERBB3-binding partner, stimulates erbB2-3 heterodimer formation to promote tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21601-17. [PMID: 26942872 PMCID: PMC5008309 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family member ERBB3 (HER3) is deregulated in many cancers, the list of ERBB3-interacting partners remains limited. Here, we report that the Apaf-1-interacting protein (APIP) stimulates heregulin-β1 (HRG-β1)/ERBB3-driven cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. APIP levels are frequently increased in human gastric cancers and gastric cancer-derived cells. Cell proliferation and tumor formation are repressed by APIP downregulation and stimulated by its overexpression. APIP's role in the ERBB3 pathway is not associated with its functions within the methionine salvage pathway. In response to HRG-β1, APIP binds to the ERBB3 receptor, leading to an enhanced binding of ERBB3 and ERBB2 that results in sustained activations of ERK1/2 and AKT protein kinases. Furthermore, HRG-β1/ERBB3-dependent signaling is gained in APIP transgenic mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), but not lost in Apip−/− MEFs. Our findings offer compelling evidence that APIP plays an essential role in ERBB3 signaling as a positive regulator for tumorigenesis, warranting future development of therapeutic strategies for ERBB3-driven gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hoon Hong
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Won Jae Lee
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Young Doo Kim
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Kim
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Young-Jun Jeon
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Bitna Lim
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Gyeoggi-Do 446-701, Korea
| | - Won Do Heo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Doo-Hyun Yang
- Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-180, Korea
| | - Chan-Young Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-180, Korea
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Jin Kuk Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743, Korea
| | - Yong-Keun Jung
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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7
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Higgins GS, Krause M, McKenna WG, Baumann M. Personalized Radiation Oncology: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Other Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Recent Results Cancer Res 2017; 198:107-22. [PMID: 27318683 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-49651-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular biomarkers are currently evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies in order to establish predictors for treatment decisions in radiation oncology. The receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) are described in the following text. Among them, the most data are available for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that plays a major role for prognosis of patients after radiotherapy, but seems also to be involved in mechanisms of radioresistance, specifically in repopulation of tumour cells between radiotherapy fractions. Monoclonal antibodies against the EGFR improve locoregional tumour control and survival when applied during radiotherapy, however, the effects are heterogeneous and biomarkers for patient selection are warranted. Also other RTK´s such as c-Met and IGF-1R seem to play important roles in tumour radioresistance. Beside the potential to select patients for molecular targeting approaches combined with radiotherapy, studies are also needed to evluate radiotherapy adaptation approaches for selected patients, i.e. adaptation of radiation dose, or, more sophisticated, of target volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoff S Higgins
- Gray Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Mechthild Krause
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Insititute of Radiooncology, Dresden, Germany.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - W Gillies McKenna
- Gray Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Baumann
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Insititute of Radiooncology, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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8
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Yun HS, Baek JH, Yim JH, Um HD, Park JK, Song JY, Park IC, Kim JS, Lee SJ, Lee CW, Hwang SG. Radiotherapy diagnostic biomarkers in radioresistant human H460 lung cancer stem-like cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:208-18. [PMID: 26901847 PMCID: PMC4847996 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1139232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell radioresistance is a major contributor to radiotherapy failure, highlighting the importance of identifying predictive biomarkers for radioresistance. In this work, we established a radioresistant H460 (RR-H460) cell line from parental radiosensitive H460 lung cancer cells by exposure to fractionated radiation. The radiation-resistant, anti-apoptotic phenotype of RR-H460 cell lines was confirmed by their enhanced clonogenic survival and increased expression of the radioresistance genes Hsp90 and Her-3. RR-H460 cells displayed characteristics of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), including induction of the surface marker CD44 and stem cell markers Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2. RR-H460 cells also exhibited sphere formation and malignant behavior, further supporting a CSC phenotype. Using proteomic analyses, we identified 8 proteins that were up-regulated in RR-H460 CSC lines and therefore potentially involved in radioresistance and CSC-related biological processes. Notably, 4 of these—PAI-2, NOMO2, KLC4, and PLOD3—have not been previously linked to radioresistance. Depletion of these individual genes sensitized RR-H460 cells to radiotoxicity and additively enhancing radiation-induced apoptosis. Our findings suggest the possibility of integrating molecular targeted therapy with radiotherapy as a strategy for resolving the radioresistance of lung tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shik Yun
- a Division of Radiation Cancer Biology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul , South Korea.,b Department of Life Science , College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Baek
- a Division of Radiation Cancer Biology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul , South Korea.,c Department of Molecular Cell Biology , Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Suwon , South Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Yim
- a Division of Radiation Cancer Biology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Hong-Duck Um
- a Division of Radiation Cancer Biology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jong Kuk Park
- a Division of Radiation Cancer Biology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jie-Young Song
- a Division of Radiation Cancer Biology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul , South Korea
| | - In-Chul Park
- a Division of Radiation Cancer Biology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- a Division of Radiation Cancer Biology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- a Division of Radiation Cancer Biology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Lee
- c Department of Molecular Cell Biology , Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Suwon , South Korea
| | - Sang-Gu Hwang
- a Division of Radiation Cancer Biology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul , South Korea
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9
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Sami N, Kumar V, Islam A, Ali S, Ahmad F, Hassan I. Exploring Missense Mutations in Tyrosine Kinases Implicated with Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5085-5106. [PMID: 27544236 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases are one of the largest families of evolutionarily related proteins and the third most common protein class of human genome. All the protein kinases share the same structural organization. They are made up of an extracellular domain, transmembrane domain and an intra cellular kinase domain. Missense mutations in these kinases have been studied extensively and correlated with various neurological disorders. Individual mutations in the kinase domain affect the functions of protein. The enhanced or reduced expression of protein leads to hyperactivation or inactivation of the signalling pathways, resulting in neurodegeneration. Here, we present extensive analyses of missense mutations in the tyrosine kinase focussing on the neurodegenerative diseases encompassing structure function relationship. This is envisaged to enhance our understanding about the neurodegeneration and possible therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sami
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sher Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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10
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Rysman B, Mouawad F, Gros A, Lansiaux A, Chevalier D, Meignan S. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Head Neck 2016; 38 Suppl 1:E2412-8. [PMID: 26835877 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) is a member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family. The main characteristic of HER3 is that it does not possess tyrosine kinase activity, unlike other HERs. The role of HER3 in tumorigenesis has now been recognized, particularly in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Despite conflicting studies, HER3 was found to be overexpressed in HNSCC samples, and correlates with disease progression and poor survival, especially when it is coexpressed with other HERs. HER3 is a significant factor in HNSCC treatment resistance. Indeed, HER3 is a major mechanism described for cetuximab resistance because of modification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) internalization and by phosphotidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway activation. HER3 also affects resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and thereby promotes treatment escape and radiotherapy resistance by activation of the survival signaling pathway. To counteract this, pharmacologic inhibitors of HER3 are currently in development and could significantly improve HNSCC treatment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2412-E2418, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Rysman
- ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Huriez Hospital, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Tumorigenesis and Resistance to Treatment Unit, Centre Oscar Lambret, Inserm U908, IRCL, Lille, France
| | - François Mouawad
- ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Huriez Hospital, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Tumorigenesis and Resistance to Treatment Unit, Centre Oscar Lambret, Inserm U908, IRCL, Lille, France
| | - Abigaëlle Gros
- Tumorigenesis and Resistance to Treatment Unit, Centre Oscar Lambret, Inserm U908, IRCL, Lille, France
| | - Amélie Lansiaux
- Tumorigenesis and Resistance to Treatment Unit, Centre Oscar Lambret, Inserm U908, IRCL, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Chevalier
- ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Huriez Hospital, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Samuel Meignan
- Tumorigenesis and Resistance to Treatment Unit, Centre Oscar Lambret, Inserm U908, IRCL, Lille, France
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11
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Kim HJ, Kim A, Ahn H, Ahn IM, Choi J, Chang H. Meta-analysis reveals no significant correlation between breast cancer survival and ErbB3 expression. APMIS 2015; 123:383-93. [PMID: 25912128 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prognostic value of ErbB3 in human breast cancer is still controversial. However, the roles of ErbB3 receptors in drug resistance are recently emerging. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ErbB3 expression and survival of breast cancer via meta-analysis. A systematic literature search was conducted and 32 potentially relevant studies were included in the meta-analysis. Outcomes presented in searched literatures can be classified as disease free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and progress free survival (PFS) values. Meta-analysis was performed for each group. Results showed no statistically significant difference in survival. The overall hazard ratio of PFS, DFS, and OS of ErbB3 expression was 1.40 [95% confidence interval/CI (0.51, 3.83)], 1.07 [95% CI (0.82, 1.40)], and 1.15 [95% CI (0.91, 1.44)], respectively. Subgroup analysis according to ErbB2 receptor status, ErbB3 assessment methods (immunohistochemistry/IHC vs non-IHC), and analysis type (multivariate and univariate analysis) were performed. No significant association was found. Using various assessment methods and patient populations, our results revealed that there was no significant correlation between ErbB3 expression and breast cancer survival. Further studies on heterodimers of ErbB3 and other molecular markers involved in ErbB3 related pathway are merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Li C, Huang S, Armstrong EA, Francis DM, Werner LR, Sliwkowski MX, van der Kogel A, Harari PM. Antitumor Effects of MEHD7945A, a Dual-Specific Antibody against EGFR and HER3, in Combination with Radiation in Lung and Head and Neck Cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:2049-59. [PMID: 26141946 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor family members (EGFR, HER2, HER3, and HER4) play important roles in tumorigenesis and response to cancer therapeutics. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of the dual-target antibody MEHD7945A that simultaneously targets EGFR and HER3 to modulate radiation response in lung and head and neck cancer models. Antitumor effects of MEHD7945A in combination with radiation were evaluated in cell culture and tumor xenograft models. Mechanisms that may contribute to increased radiation killing by MEHD7945A, including DNA damage and inhibition of EGFR-HER signaling pathways, were analyzed. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor xenografts was conducted to evaluate the effect of MEHD7945A in combination with radiation on tumor growth and microenvironment. MEHD7945A inhibited basal and radiation-induced EGFR and HER3 activation resulting in the inhibition of tumor cell growth and enhanced radiosensitivity. MEHD7945A was more effective in augmenting radiation response than treatment with individual anti-EGFR or anti-HER3 antibodies. An increase in DNA double-strand breaks associated γ-H2AX was observed in cells receiving combined treatment with MEHD7945A and radiation. Immunohistochemical staining evaluation in human tumor xenografts showed that MEHD7945A combined with radiation significantly reduced the expression of markers of tumor proliferation and tumor vasculature. These findings reveal the capacity of MEHD7945A to augment radiation response in lung and head and neck cancers. The dual EGFR/HER3-targeting action of MEHD7945A merits further investigation and clinical trial evaluation as a radiation sensitizer in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Li
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Shyhmin Huang
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Eric A Armstrong
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - David M Francis
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Lauryn R Werner
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Albert van der Kogel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Paul M Harari
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
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Tulalamba W, Larbcharoensub N, Janvilisri T. ERBB3 as an independent prognostic marker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2014; 67:667-72. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-202154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AimAlthough the ERBB proteins have been shown to be associated in many types of human tumours and serve as important cancer therapeutic targets, however, data regarding the expression and clinical relevance of ERBBs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are still conflicting. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression pattern of all ERBB members simultaneously in NPC tissues using immunohistochemistry and determine their clinical relevance.MethodsThe expression of all members of ERBB proteins was evaluated using immunohistochemistry on 82 NPC tissue samples. Relationship between the ERBB protein expression, clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome was assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsWe found that ERBB1, ERBB2 and ERBB3 were strongly expressed in the normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. A marked reduction of ERBB1 and ERBB2 expression in NPC was observed compared with the non-cancerous tissues. 76 of 82 (92.7%) cases were ERBB3-positive, while ERBB4 was not expressed in both normal and NPC. The univariate log-rank analysis showed that regional lymph node metastasis, systemic metastasis, recurrence and ERBB3 expression were associated with patient survival. The ERBB3 expression was not correlated to other clinicopathological factors. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that ERBB3 expression was an independent prognostic factor influencing patient survival.ConclusionsOur results suggested that the expression of ERBB3 is associated with patient survival and could serve as a novel and valuable predictor for prognostic evaluation of patients with NPC.
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14
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Ozaki N, Fukuchi Y, Tomiyoshi SR, Uehara H, Ida S, Wang J, Araki K, Sibilia M, Baba H, Yamamura KI, Ohmuraya M. Autophagy regulation in pancreatic acinar cells is independent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:224-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.02.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Lee Y, Ma J, Lyu H, Huang J, Kim A, Liu B. Role of erbB3 receptors in cancer therapeutic resistance. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:190-8. [PMID: 24449784 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ErbB3 receptors are unique members of the erbB receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), which are often aberrantly expressed and/or activated in human cancers. Unlike other members in the family, erbB3 lacks or has impaired kinase activity. To transduce cell signaling, erbB3 has to interact with other RTKs and to be phosphorylated by its interactive partners, of those, erbB2 is the most important one. ErbB3 is frequently co-expressed with other RTKs in cancer cells to activate oncogenic signaling, such as phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, Janus kinase (Jak)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) pathway, etc. and thereby promote tumorigenesis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that activation of erbB3 signaling plays an important role in the progression of a variety of tumor types, such as erbB2-overexpressing breast cancer, castration-resistant prostate cancer, platinum refractory/resistant ovarian cancer, epidermal growth factor receptor TKI-resistant non-small-cell lung cancer, and others. Basic research on the underlying mechanisms implicated the functions of erbB3 as a major cause of treatment failure in cancer therapy. Thus, concomitant inhibition of erbB3 is thought to be required to overcome the resistance and to effectively treat human cancers. This review focuses on the latest advances in our understanding of erbB3-initiated signaling in the development of resistance to cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngseok Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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16
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17
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High-throughput screening identifies aclacinomycin as a radiosensitizer of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Oncol 2013; 6:382-91. [PMID: 23730419 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) provides a specialized environment for the folding and modification of trans-membrane proteins, including receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), which are vital for the growth and survival of malignancies. To identify compounds which disrupt the function of the ER and thus could potentially impair cancer cell survival signaling, we adapted a set of glycosylation-sensitive luciferase reporters for the development and optimization of a cell-based high-throughput screen (HTS). Secondary screens for false-positive luciferase activation and tertiary lectin-based and biochemical analyses were also devised for compound triage. Through a pilot screen of 2802 compounds from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) chemical libraries, we identified aclacinomycin (Acm) as a compound that preferentially affects ER function. We report that Acm reduces plasma membrane expression of glycoproteins including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Met but does not inhibit N-linked glycosylation or generalized protein translation. Fluorescence microscopy co-localization experiments were also performed and demonstrated Acm accumulation in the ER in further support of the overall HTS design. The consequences of Acm treatment on cell survival were analyzed through clonogenic survival analysis. Consistent with the reduction of EGFR levels, pretreatment with Acm sensitizes the EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines HCC827 and HCC2935 to ionizing radiation and did not affect the sensitivity of the RTK-independent and KRAS-mutant A549 NSCLC cell line. Thus, Acm and similar compounds targeting the ER may represent a novel approach for radiosensitizing tumor cells dependent on RTK function.
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18
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Jullien N, Dieudonné FX, Habel N, Marty C, Modrowski D, Patino A, Lecanda F, Sévère N, Marie PJ. ErbB3 silencing reduces osteosarcoma cell proliferation and tumor growth in vivo. Gene 2013; 521:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Kambach DM, Sodi VL, Lelkes PI, Azizkhan-Clifford J, Reginato MJ. ErbB2, FoxM1 and 14-3-3ζ prime breast cancer cells for invasion in response to ionizing radiation. Oncogene 2013; 33:589-98. [PMID: 23318431 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
ErbB2 is frequently highly expressed in premalignant breast cancers, including ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS); however, little is known about the signals or pathways it contributes to progression into the invasive/malignant state. Radiotherapy is often used to treat early premalignant lesions regardless of ErbB2 status. Here, we show that clinically relevant doses of ionizing radiation (IR)-induce cellular invasion of ErbB2-expressing breast cancer cells, as well as MCF10A cells overexpressing ErbB2. ErbB2-negative breast cancer cells, such as MCF7 and T47D, do not invade following treatment with IR nor do MCF10A cells overexpressing epidermal growth factor receptor. ErbB2 becomes phosphorylated at tyrosine 877 in a dose- and time- dependent manner following exposure to X-rays, and activates downstream signaling cascades including PI3K/Akt. Inhibition of these pathways, as well as inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with antioxidants, prevents IR-induced invasion. Activation of ErbB2-dependent signaling results in upregulation of the forkhead family transcription factor, FoxM1, and its transcriptional targets, including matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2). Inhibition of FoxM1 by RNA interference prevented induction of invasion by IR, and overexpression of FoxM1 in MCF10A cells was sufficient to promote IR-induced invasion. Moreover, we found that 14-3-3ζ is also upregulated by IR in cancer cells in a ROS-dependent manner, is required for IR-induced invasion in ErbB2-positive breast cancer cells and together with FoxM1 is sufficient for invasion in ErbB2-negative breast cancer cells. Thus, our data show that IR-mediated activation of ErbB2 and induction of 14-3-3ζ collaborate to regulate FoxM1 and promote invasion of breast cancer cells and furthermore, may serve as therapeutic targets to enhance radiosensitivity of breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Kambach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - V L Sodi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P I Lelkes
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Azizkhan-Clifford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M J Reginato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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20
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Garrett JT, Sutton CR, Kuba MG, Cook RS, Arteaga CL. Dual blockade of HER2 in HER2-overexpressing tumor cells does not completely eliminate HER3 function. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 19:610-9. [PMID: 23224399 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dual blockade of HER2 with trastuzumab and lapatinib or with pertuzumab is a superior treatment approach compared with single-agent HER2 inhibitors. However, many HER2-overexpressing breast cancers still escape from this combinatorial approach. Inhibition of HER2 and downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT causes a transcriptional and posttranslational upregulation of HER3 which, in turn, counteracts the antitumor action of the HER2-directed therapies. We hypothesized that suppression of HER3 would synergize with dual blockade of HER2 in breast cancer cells sensitive and refractory to HER2 antagonists. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Inhibition of HER2/HER3 in HER2(+) breast cancer cell lines was evaluated by Western blotting. We analyzed drug-induced apoptosis and two- and three-dimensional growth in vitro. Growth inhibition of PI3K was examined in vivo in xenografts treated with combinations of trastuzumab, lapatinib, and the HER3-neutralizing monoclonal antibody U3-1287. RESULTS Treatment with U3-1287 blocked the upregulation of total and phosphorylated HER3 that followed treatment with lapatinib and trastuzumab and, in turn, enhanced the antitumor action of the combination against trastuzumab-sensitive and -resistant cells. Mice bearing HER2(+) xenografts treated with lapatinib, trastuzumab, and U3-1287 exhibited fewer recurrences and better survival than mice treated with lapatinib and trastuzumab. CONCLUSIONS Dual blockade of HER2 with trastuzumab and lapatinib does not eliminate the compensatory upregulation of HER3. Therapeutic inhibitors of HER3 should be considered as part of multidrug combinations aimed at completely and rapidly disabling the HER2 network in HER2-overexpressing breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan T Garrett
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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21
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Abstract
HER3 (ErbB3) is a unique member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family (ErbB family). It functions only through dimerization with other members of the ErbB family and modulates activity and sensitivity to targeted cancer therapies. This paper briefly describes the mechanism of HER3 in signal transduction and its potential role in acquired resistance to EGFR- and HER2-targeted therapies. We also consider recent developments in HER3-targeting therapeutics and their combination with inhibitors of other ErbB members in clinical applications.
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22
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Sak MM, Breen K, Rønning SB, Pedersen NM, Bertelsen V, Stang E, Madshus IH. The oncoprotein ErbB3 is endocytosed in the absence of added ligand in a clathrin-dependent manner. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:1031-9. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Differential distribution of erbB receptors in human glioblastoma multiforme: expression of erbB3 in CD133-positive putative cancer stem cells. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2010; 69:606-22. [PMID: 20467331 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e3181e00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumors in adults, and they remain resistant to current treatments. erbB1 signaling is frequently altered in glioblastomas, suggesting thaterbB receptor family members may represent targets for molecular therapy. We performed a comprehensive analysis of erbB receptor and ligand expression profiles in a panel of 9 glioblastomas andcompared them to nonneoplastic cerebral tissue containing neocortex and adjacent white matter. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis showed that erbB1signaling and erbB2 receptors exhibited highly variable deregulation profiles in the tumors, with patterns ranging from underexpression to overexpression; in contrast, erbB3 and erbB4 were downregulated. We next performed immunohistochemistry to determinethe distribution patterns of erbB receptors among the main neuralcell types in the tumors with special reference to the putative tumor stem cell population. Results revealed intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity in all 4 erbB expression profiles, but each receptor exhibited a distinct distribution pattern among glial fibrillary acidic protein-, Olig2-, NeuN-, and CD133-positive populations. Although erbB1 immunoreactivity was detected in only small subsets of CD133-positive putative tumor stem cells, erbB3 immunoreactivity was prominent in this population, suggesting that erbB3 may represent a new potential therapeutic target.
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24
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Contessa JN, Bhojani MS, Freeze HH, Ross BD, Rehemtulla A, Lawrence TS. Molecular imaging of N-linked glycosylation suggests glycan biosynthesis is a novel target for cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:3205-14. [PMID: 20413434 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-3331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Redundant receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling is a mechanism for therapeutic resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition. A strategy to reduce parallel signaling by coexpressed RTKs is inhibition of N-linked glycosylation (NLG), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cotranslational protein modification required for receptor maturation and cell surface expression. We therefore investigated the feasibility of blocking NLG in vivo to reduce overexpression of RTKs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We developed a model system to dynamically monitor NLG in vitro and in vivo using bioluminescent imaging techniques. Functional imaging of NLG is accomplished with a luciferase reporter (ER-LucT) modified for endoplasmic reticulum translation and glycosylation. After in vitro validation, this reporter was integrated with D54 glioma xenografts to do noninvasive imaging of tumors, and inhibition of NLG was correlated with RTK protein levels and tumor growth. RESULTS The ER-LucT reporter shows the ability to sensitively and specifically detect NLG inhibition. Using this molecular imaging approach we carried out serial imaging studies to determine safe and efficacious in vivo dosing of the GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase inhibitor tunicamycin, which blocks N-glycan precursor biosynthesis. Molecular analyses of tunicamycin-treated tumors showed reduced levels of EGFR and Met, two RTKs overexpressed in gliomas. Furthermore, D54 and U87MG glioma xenograft tumor experiments showed significant reductions in tumor growth following NLG inhibition and radiation therapy, consistent with an enhancement in tumor radiosensitivity. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that NLG inhibition is a novel therapeutic strategy for targeting EGFR and RTK signaling in both gliomas and other malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph N Contessa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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25
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Paranjpe S, Bowen WC, Tseng GC, Luo JH, Orr A, Michalopoulos GK. RNA interference against hepatic epidermal growth factor receptor has suppressive effects on liver regeneration in rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 176:2669-81. [PMID: 20395437 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver regeneration after a two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PHx) is a complex process requiring interaction and cooperation of many growth factors and cytokines and cross talk between multiple pathways. Along with hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor MET (HGF-MET), the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is activated within 60 minutes after PHx. To investigate the role of EGFR in liver regeneration, we used two EGFR-specific short hairpin silencing RNAs to inhibit EGFR expression in regenerating normal rat liver. Suppression of EGFR mRNA and protein was evident in treated rats. There was also a demonstrable decrease but not complete elimination of bromo-deoxyuridine incorporation and mitoses at 24 hours after PHx. In addition, we observed up-regulation of MET and Src as well as activation of the ErbB-3-ErbB-2-PI3K-Akt pathway and down-regulation of STAT 3, cyclin D1, cyclin E1, p21, and C/EBP beta. The decrease in the ratio of C/EBP alpha to C/EBP beta known to occur after PHx was offset in shEGFR-treated rats. Despite suppression of hepatocyte proliferation lasting into day 3 after PHx, liver weight restoration occurred. Interestingly, hepatocytes in shEGFR-treated rats were considerably larger when compared with ScrRNA-treated controls. The data indicate that although the MET and EGFR pathways are similar, the contributions made by MET and EGFR are unique and are not compensated by each other or other cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirish Paranjpe
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Sheng Q, Liu X, Fleming E, Yuan K, Piao H, Chen J, Moustafa Z, Thomas RK, Greulich H, Schinzel A, Zaghlul S, Batt D, Ettenberg S, Meyerson M, Schoeberl B, Kung AL, Hahn WC, Drapkin R, Livingston DM, Liu JF. An activated ErbB3/NRG1 autocrine loop supports in vivo proliferation in ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Cell 2010; 17:298-310. [PMID: 20227043 PMCID: PMC2897158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies. Treatment for advanced-stage disease remains limited and, to date, targeted therapies have been incompletely explored. By systematically suppressing each human tyrosine kinase in ovarian cancer cell lines by RNAi, we found that an autocrine signal-transducing loop involving NRG1 and activated ErbB3 operates in a subset of primary ovarian cancers and ovarian cancer cell lines. Perturbation of this circuit with ErbB3-directed RNAi decreased cell growth in three-dimensional culture and resulted in decreased disease progression and prolonged survival in a xenograft mouse model of ovarian cancer. Furthermore, a monoclonal ErbB3-directed antibody (MM-121) also significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. These findings identify ErbB3 as a potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sheng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Xinggang Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eleanor Fleming
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Karen Yuan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Huiying Piao
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Roman K. Thomas
- Max-Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim Zülch laboratories of the Max-Planck-Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Köln, Köln, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology, University of Köln, Germany
- Chemical Genomics Center of the Max-Planck-Society, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Heidi Greulich
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Anna Schinzel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Sara Zaghlul
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Matthew Meyerson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Andrew L. Kung
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - William C. Hahn
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - David M. Livingston
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: David M. Livingston, Phone: 617-632-3074, Fax: 617-632-4381,
| | - Joyce F. Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
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Soler M, Mancini F, Meca-Cortés O, Sánchez-Cid L, Rubio N, López-Fernández S, Lozano JJ, Blanco J, Fernández PL, Thomson TM. HER3 is required for the maintenance of neuregulin-dependent and -independent attributes of malignant progression in prostate cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:2565-75. [PMID: 19530240 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
HER3 (ERBB3) is a catalytically inactive pseudokinase of the HER receptor tyrosine kinase family, frequently overexpressed in prostate and other cancers. Aberrant expression and mutations of 2 other members of the family, EGFR and HER2, are key carcinogenic events in several types of tumors, and both are well- validated therapeutic targets. In this study, we show that HER3 is required to maintain the motile and invasive phenotypes of prostate (DU-145) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells in response to the HER3 ligand neuregulin-1 (NRG-1), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fetal bovine serum. Although MCF-7 breast cancer cells appeared to require HER3 as part of an autocrine response induced by EGF and FBS, the response of DU-145 prostate cancer cells to these stimuli, while requiring HER3, did not appear to involve autocrine stimulation of the receptor. DU-145 cells required the expression of HER3 for efficient clonogenicity in vitro in standard growth medium and for tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice. These observations suggest that prostate cancer cells derived from tumors that overexpress HER3 are dependent on its expression for the maintenance of major attributes of neoplastic aggressiveness, with or without cognate ligand stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Soler
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Barcelona Molecular Biology Institute, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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The Src inhibitor AZD0530 blocks invasion and may act as a radiosensitizer in lung cancer cells. J Thorac Oncol 2009; 4:448-54. [PMID: 19240653 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e31819c78fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the emergence of Src inhibitors in clinical trials, improved knowledge of the molecular responses of cancer cells to these agents is warranted. This will facilitate the development of tests to identify patients who may benefit from these agents, allow drug activity to be monitored and rationalize the combination of these agents with other treatment modalities. METHODS This study evaluated the molecular and functional effects of Src inhibitor AZD0530 in human lung cancer cells, by Western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and by assays for cell viability, migration, and invasion. RESULTS Src was activated in four of five cell lines tested and the level corresponded with the invasive potential and the histologic subtype. Clinically relevant, submicromolar concentrations of AZD0530 blocked Src and focal adhesion kinase, resulting in significant inhibition of cell migration and Matrigel invasion. Reactivation of STAT3 and up-regulation of JAK indicated a potential mechanism of resistance. AZD0530 gave a potent and sustained blockage of AKT and enhanced the sensitivity to irradiation. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that AZD0530, aside from being a potent inhibitor of tumor cell invasion which could translate to inhibition of disease progression in the clinic, may also lower resistance of lung cancer cells to pro-apoptotic signals.
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Freudenberg JA, Wang Q, Katsumata M, Drebin J, Nagatomo I, Greene MI. The role of HER2 in early breast cancer metastasis and the origins of resistance to HER2-targeted therapies. Exp Mol Pathol 2009; 87:1-11. [PMID: 19450579 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The HER2 gene encodes the receptor tyrosine kinase HER2 and is often over-expressed or amplified in breast cancer. Up-regulation of HER2 contributes to tumor progression. Many aspects of tumor growth are favorably affected through activation of HER2 signaling. Indeed, HER2 plays a role in increasing proliferation and survival of the primary tumor and distant lesions which upon completion of full transformation cause metastases. P185(HER2/neu) receptors and signaling from them and associated molecules increase motility of both intravasating and extravasating cells, decrease apoptosis, enhance signaling interactions with the microenvironment, regulate adhesion, as well as a multitude of other functions. Recent experimental and clinical evidence supports the view that the spread of incompletely transformed cells occurs at a very early stage in tumor progression. This review concerns the identification and characterization of HER2, the evolution of the metastasis model, and the more recent cancer stem cell model. In particular, we review the evidence for an emerging mechanism of HER2(+) breast cancer progression, whereby the untransformed HER2-expressing cell shows characteristics of stem/progenitor cell, metastasizes, and then completes its final transformation at the secondary site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn A Freudenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
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Abstract
There are four members of the EGFR family: EGFR, erbB2, erbB3 and erbB4. These receptors form ligand-activated oligomers which regulate intracellular processes via an oligomeric tyrosine kinase scaffold. The receptors are activated when the extracellular domain undergoes a conformational change which facilitates either homo- or hetero-oligomerization with other family members. The absence of one EGFR family member leads to embryonic or early post-natal death due to implantation, central nervous system or cardiac defects. Many mouse models of defective or deficient EGFR family members are available for studying physiology and/or pathology of EGFR family members. Sophisticated antibody and kinase inhibitors which target different family members have been designed, produced. EGFR and erbB2 are frequently activated, over expressed or mutated in many common cancers and the antagonists and/or inhibitors of EGFR and/or erbB2 signalling have already been shown to have therapeutic benefits for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony W Burgess
- Ludwig Institute for cancer Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Pashtan I, Tsutsumi S, Wang S, Xu W, Neckers L. Targeting Hsp90 prevents escape of breast cancer cells from tyrosine kinase inhibition. Cell Cycle 2008; 7:2936-41. [PMID: 18769157 DOI: 10.4161/cc.7.18.6701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified development of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibition (TKI) as a significant roadblock to effective treatment. One mechanism of resistance recently appreciated involves 'oncogene switching', or the re-activation of signaling pathways by one or more redundant upstream activators. In breast cancer models, ErbB TKIs such as gefitinib have been shown to lose the ability to modulate ErbB-driven signaling pathways over time, even though ErbB inhibition is maintained. Although incomplete ErbB inhibition has been proposed to underlie this phenomenon, our findings suggest that oncogene switching can also re-activate downstream signaling pathways in breast cancer cells, even when ErbB inhibition is complete. We find that ErbB TKI-induced Src activation mediates downstream signaling rebound in SKBR3 cells, and we show that combination of Src and ErbB inhibitors is more effective and longlasting than is either TKI alone. Finally, the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG, by simultaneously and durably inhibiting multiple signaling activators including ErbB and Src kinases, does not permit oncogene switching and results in a more prolonged and robust inhibition of downstream signaling pathways in breast cancer cells than do individual TKIs. These data support the continued clinical evaluation of Hsp90 inhibitors in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itai Pashtan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Institutes of Health Research Scholars Program, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Contessa JN, Bhojani MS, Freeze HH, Rehemtulla A, Lawrence TS. Inhibition of N-linked glycosylation disrupts receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in tumor cells. Cancer Res 2008; 68:3803-9. [PMID: 18483264 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) are therapeutic targets for the treatment of malignancy. However, tumor cells develop resistance to targeted therapies through the activation of parallel signaling cascades. Recent evidence has shown that redundant or compensatory survival signals responsible for resistance are initiated by nontargeted glycoprotein RTKs coexpressed by the cell. We hypothesized that disrupting specific functions of the posttranslational machinery of the secretory pathway would be an effective strategy to target both primary and redundant RTK signaling. Using the N-linked glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin, we show that expression levels of several RTKS (EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, and IGF-IR) are exquisitely sensitive to inhibition of N-linked glycosylation. Disrupting this synthetic process reduces both cellular protein levels and receptor activity in tumor cells through retention of the receptors in the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi compartments. Using U251 glioma and BXPC3 pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines, two cell lines resistant to epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted therapies, we show that inhibiting N-linked glycosylation markedly reduces RTK signaling through Akt and radiosensitizes tumor cells. In comparison, experiments in nontransformed cells showed neither a reduction in RTK-dependent signaling nor an enhancement in radiosensitivity, suggesting the potential for a therapeutic ratio between tumors and normal tissues. This study provides evidence that enzymatic steps regulating N-linked glycosylation are novel targets for developing approaches to sensitize tumor cells to cytotoxic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph N Contessa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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Sithanandam G, Anderson LM. The ERBB3 receptor in cancer and cancer gene therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2008; 15:413-48. [PMID: 18404164 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2008.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
ERBB3, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, is unique in that its tyrosine kinase domain is functionally defective. It is activated by neuregulins, by other ERBB and nonERBB receptors as well as by other kinases, and by novel mechanisms. Downstream it interacts prominently with the phosphoinositol 3-kinase/AKT survival/mitogenic pathway, but also with GRB, SHC, SRC, ABL, rasGAP, SYK and the transcription regulator EBP1. There are likely important but poorly understood roles for nuclear localization and for secreted isoforms. Studies of ERBB3 expression in primary cancers and of its mechanistic contributions in cultured cells have implicated it, with varying degrees of certainty, with causation or sustenance of cancers of the breast, ovary, prostate, certain brain cells, retina, melanocytes, colon, pancreas, stomach, oral cavity and lung. Recent results link high ERBB3 activity with escape from therapy targeting other ERBBs in lung and breast cancers. Thus a wide and centrally important role for ERBB3 in cancer is becoming increasingly apparent. Several approaches for targeting ERBB3 in cancers have been tested or proposed. Small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) to ERBB3 or AKT is showing promise as a therapeutic approach to treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Concomitant chemoirradiation with vinorelbine and gefitinib induces additive effect in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines in vitro. Radiother Oncol 2007; 85:138-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2007.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Revised: 08/05/2007] [Accepted: 09/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Contessa JN, Abell A, Valerie K, Lin PS, Schmidt-Ullrich RK. ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase network inhibition radiosensitizes carcinoma cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006; 65:851-8. [PMID: 16751066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2005] [Revised: 02/20/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-CD533, a truncation mutant of the wild-type EGFR, radiosensitizes carcinoma and malignant glioma cell lines. This deletion mutant disrupts EGFR activation and downstream signaling through the formation of inhibitory dimerizations. In this study, the effects of EGFR-CD533 on other ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family members were quantified to better understand the mechanism of EGFR-CD533-mediated radiosensitization. METHODS AND MATERIALS Breast carcinoma cell lines with different ErbB RTK expression profiles were transduced with EGFR or ErbB2 deletion mutants (EGFR-CD533 and ErbB2-CD572) using an adenoviral vector. ErbB RTK activation, mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/p70S6K signaling, and clonogenic survival were determined for expression of each deletion mutant. RESULTS EGFR-CD533 radiosensitizes carcinoma cells with either high EGFR expression (MDA-MB231) or low EGFR expression (T47D) through significant blockade of the ErbB RTK network. Analysis of clonogenic survival demonstrate significant enhancement of the alpha/beta ratios, as determined by the linear-quadratic model. Split-dose survival experiments confirm that EGFR-CD533 reduces the repair of cellular damage after ionizing radiation. CONCLUSION Expression of EGFR-CD533 inhibits the ErbB RTK network and radiosensitizes carcinoma cells irrespective of the ErbB RTK expression patterns, and ErbB2-CD572 does not radiosensitize cells with low EGFR expression. These studies demonstrate that the mechanism of action for EGFR-CD533-mediated radiosensitization is inhibition of the ErbB RTK network, and is an advantage for radiosensitizing multiple malignant cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph N Contessa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA, USA.
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