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Garrone O, Paccagnella M, Abbona A, Ruatta F, Vanella P, Denaro N, Tomasello G, Croce N, Barbin F, Rossino MG, La Porta CAM, Sapino A, Torri V, Albini A, Merlano MC. Moderate physical activity during neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients: effect on cancer-related inflammation and pathological complete response-the Neo-Runner study. ESMO Open 2024; 9:103665. [PMID: 39121813 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.103665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) reduces the risk of developing breast cancer (BC) and mortality rate in BC patients starting PA after diagnosis. Immunomodulation is considered responsible for these effects. However, limited data exist on the immunomodulation induced by moderate PA (mPA) during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). We have investigated the longitudinal change of cytokines during NACT alone or combined with mPA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-three cytokines were analyzed in BC patients at consecutive timepoints: at baseline (T0), before starting mPA (T1), before surgery (T2), and after surgery (T3). mPA consisted of 3-weekly brisk-walking sessions for 9-10 consecutive weeks. RESULTS Ninety-two patients were assessed: 21 patients refused mPA (untrained) and 71 agreed (trained). At T1, NACT induced significant up-regulation of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-6, IL-15, chemokine ligand (CCL)-2, interferon-γ, and C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL)-10 and reduction of expression of IL-13 and CCL-22. At T2, NACT and mPA induced up-regulation of IL-21, CCL-2, and tumor necrosis factor-α and reduction of expression of IL-8, IL-15, vascular endothelial growth factor, and soluble interleukin 6 receptor. Only CXCL-10 increased in untrained patients. A cytokine score (CS) was created to analyze, all together, the changes between T1 and T2. At T2 the CS decreased in trained and increased in untrained patients. We clustered the patients using cytokines and predictive factors and identified two clusters. The cluster A, encompassing 90% of trained patients, showed more pathological complete response (pCR) compared to the cluster B: 78% versus 22%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS mPA interacts with NACT inducing CS reduction in trained patients not observed in untrained patients, suggesting a reduction of inflammation, notwithstanding chemotherapy. This effect may contribute to the higher rate of pCR observed in the cluster A, including most trained patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Garrone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan.
| | - M Paccagnella
- Translational Oncology ARCO Foundation, Cuneo. https://twitter.com/matteo_babeuf
| | - A Abbona
- Translational Oncology ARCO Foundation, Cuneo. https://twitter.com/AbbonaAndr36863
| | - F Ruatta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan. https://twitter.com/fiorella_ruatta
| | - P Vanella
- Department of Medical Oncology, S. Croce e Carle Teaching Hospital, Cuneo
| | - N Denaro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan
| | - G Tomasello
- Medical Oncology, ASST Ospedale Maggiore Crema, Crema. https://twitter.com/glucatom
| | - N Croce
- Department of Medical Oncology, S. Croce e Carle Teaching Hospital, Cuneo
| | - F Barbin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan
| | - M G Rossino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan
| | - C A M La Porta
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, Milan; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan. https://twitter.com/CAMLaPorta
| | - A Sapino
- Scientific Direction, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS Candiolo, Turin; Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Turin. https://twitter.com/sapino58
| | - V Torri
- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan. https://twitter.com/ValterTorri
| | - A Albini
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy. https://twitter.com/adrianaalbini1
| | - M C Merlano
- Scientific Direction, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS Candiolo, Turin
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Du Z, Xiao Y, Deng G, Song H, Xue Y, Song H. CD3+/CD4+ cells combined with myosteatosis predict the prognosis in patients who underwent gastric cancer surgery. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:1587-1600. [PMID: 38894548 PMCID: PMC11294046 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the predictive capacity of lymphocyte subpopulations, sarcopenia and myosteatosis for clinical outcomes in patients who underwent gastric cancer surgery. Additionally, the prognostic significance of CD3+/CD4+ cells in conjunction with myosteatosis was explored. METHODS A cohort of 190 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery and received computed tomography scans between July 2016 and December 2017 at our institution was examined. Complete clinical information and peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations were available for all patients. A comprehensive array of statistical methodologies was employed to scrutinize variances in both clinical and pathological characteristics among patients, with the aim of identifying autonomous prognostic determinants requisite for the development of a nomogram. Subsequent assessment of the predictive efficacy of the nomogram was conducted via calibration curve analysis. RESULTS The study comprised a cohort of 190 participants, encompassing 126 males (66.32%) and 64 females (33.68%), with a mean age of 58.47 (±11.37) years. Patients were stratified into three groups based on CD3+/CD4+ cells and myosteatosis, with 24 in Group 1, 87 in Group 2 and 79 in Group 3. Notably, patients in the third group exhibited significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.208, P < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.193, P < 0.001). The subset of peripheral blood lymphocytes exhibited elevated levels of CD3+/CD4+ cells (HR = 2.485, P < 0.001) and heightened CD4+/CD8+ ratios (HR = 1.705, P = 0.038), whereas diminished CD19+ cell counts (HR = 0.210, P = 0.032) correlated with improved OS in patients. The individuals presenting with sarcopenia (HR = 4.089, P = 0.023) and myosteatosis (HR = 2.857, P < 0.001) displayed reduced OS. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that pathological tumour-node-metastasis stage, CD19+ cells, sarcopenia and CD3+/CD4+ cell-myosteatosis were identified as independent prognostic factors for PFS and OS in patients. The constructed nomograms for PFS and OS yielded C-index values of 0.839 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.798-0.880) and 0.836 (95% CI: 0.792-0.879), respectively. The calibration analysis demonstrated that the nomograms accurately predicted the 3- and 5-year survival rates of PFS and OS in patients. CONCLUSIONS Lymphocyte subsets, including CD3+/CD4+ cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio and CD19+ cells, are indicative of clinical prognosis in gastric cancer surgery patients. Body composition parameters, such as sarcopenia and myosteatosis, are also associated with the patient's prognosis. The combination of CD3+/CD4+ cells with myosteatosis demonstrates enhanced prognostic value, enabling the identification of patients at high risk of post-operative metastasis and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongze Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Youming Xiao
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryYaAn People's HospitalYa'anSichuanChina
| | - Guiming Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Haibin Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Yingwei Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Hongjiang Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
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Peng Y, Shi R, Yang S, Zhu J. Cuproptosis-related gene DLAT is a biomarker of the prognosis and immune microenvironment of gastric cancer and affects the invasion and migration of cells. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e70012. [PMID: 39031012 PMCID: PMC11258438 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cuproptosis is a novel cell death dependent on mitochondrial respiration and regulated by copper. This study aimed to investigate the cuproptosis-related gene DLAT potential value in gastric cancer (GC). METHODS Bioinformatics was used to analyze DLAT expression. DLAT expression in GC cell lines was detected using qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation ability was assessed using CCK8 and cell cycle assay. Cell migration and invasion were assessed using wound healing and transwell assay. A prognostic assessment was performed through survival and Cox regression analysis. DLAT protein expression was analyzed through HPA immunohistochemistry. Biological functions and processes were analyzed through GO and KEGG enrichment analysis and PPI. Correlation with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint genes was analyzed for DLAT. RESULTS DLAT expression was upregulated in GC tissues and cells and correlated with shorter survival for patients. Age, gender, histological typing, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis were identified as independent prognostic factors affecting OS in GC. DLAT protein was upregulated in GC. The biological functions and pathways enriched in DLAT were mainly linked to mitochondrial respiration and the TCA cycle. The expression of DLAT was found to be positively correlated with the infiltration of Th and Th2 immune cells and only positively correlated with the expression of the BTN2A1 immune checkpoint gene. CONCLUSION DLAT has the potential to serve as a prognostic assessment factor in GC. The expression of DLAT was correlated with immune infiltration and tumor immune escape, providing a new target for immunotherapy of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Peng
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyShenyang Medical CollegeShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Ruimeng Shi
- Shenyang Medical CollegeShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Siwen Yang
- Shenyang Medical CollegeShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Jiayi Zhu
- Shenyang Medical CollegeShenyangLiaoningChina
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Lei C, Li Y, Yang H, Zhang K, Lu W, Wang N, Xuan L. Unraveling breast cancer prognosis: a novel model based on coagulation-related genes. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1394585. [PMID: 38751445 PMCID: PMC11094261 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1394585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Breast cancer is highly heterogeneous, presenting challenges in prognostic assessment. Developing a universally applicable prognostic model could simplify clinical decision-making. This study aims to develop and validate a novel breast cancer prognosis model using coagulation-related genes with broad clinical applicability. Methods A total of 203 genes related to coagulation were obtained from the KEGG database, and the mRNA data of 1,099 tumor tissue samples and 572 samples of normal tissue were retrieved from the TCGA-BRCA cohort and GTEx databases. The R package "limma" was utilized to detect variations in gene expression related to coagulation between the malignancies and normal tissue. A model was constructed in the TCGA cohort through a multivariable Cox regression analysis, followed by validation using the GSE42568 dataset as the testing set. Constructing a nomogram incorporating clinical factors to enhance the predictive capacity of the model. Utilizing the ESTIMATE algorithm to investigate the immune infiltration levels in groups with deferent risk. Performing drug sensitivity analysis using the "oncoPredict" package. Results A risk model consisting of six coagulation-associated genes (SERPINA1, SERPINF2, C1S, CFB, RASGRP1, and TLN2) was created and successfully tested for validation. Identified were 6 genes that serve as protective factors in the model's development. Kaplan-Meier curves revealed a worse prognosis in the high-risk group compared to the low-risk group. The ROC analysis showed that the model accurately forecasted the overall survival (OS) of breast cancer patients at 1, 3, and 5 years. Nomogram accompanied by calibration curves can also provide better guidance for clinical decision-making. The low-risk group is more likely to respond well to immunotherapy, whereas the high-risk group may show improved responses to Gemcitabine treatment. Furthermore, individuals in distinct risk categories displayed different responses to various medications within the identical therapeutic category. Conclusion We established a breast cancer prognostic model incorporating six coagulation-associated genes and explored its clinical utility. This model offers valuable insights for clinical decision-making and drug selection in breast cancer patients, contributing to personalized and precise treatment advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqi Lei
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hosipital, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hosipital, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huaiyu Yang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hosipital, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hosipital, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hosipital, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nianchang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hosipital, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lixue Xuan
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hosipital, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Chang CM, Liang TR, Lam HYP. The Use of Schisandrin B to Combat Triple-Negative Breast Cancers by Inhibiting NLRP3-Induced Interleukin-1β Production. Biomolecules 2024; 14:74. [PMID: 38254674 PMCID: PMC10813220 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive and fatal breast cancer subtype. Nowadays, chemotherapy remains the standard treatment of TNBC, and immunotherapy has emerged as an important alternative. However, the high rate of TNBC recurrence suggests that new treatment is desperately needed. Schisandrin B (Sch B) has recently revealed its anti-tumor effects in cancers such as cholangiocarcinoma, hepatoma, glioma, and multi-drug-resistant breast cancer. However, there is still a need to investigate using Sch B in TNBC treatment. Interleukin (IL)-1β, an inflammatory cytokine that can be expressed and produced by the cancer cell itself, has been suggested to promote BC proliferation and progression. In the current study, we present evidence that Sch B can significantly suppress the growth, migration, and invasion of TNBC cell lines and patient-derived TNBC cells. Through inhibition of inflammasome activation, Sch B inhibits interleukin (IL)-1β production of TNBC cells, hindering its progression. This was confirmed using an NLRP3 inhibitor, OLT1177, which revealed a similar beneficial effect in combating TNBC progression. Sch B treatment also inhibits IL-1β-induced EMT expression of TNBC cells, which may contribute to the anti-tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ming Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970473, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ruei Liang
- PhD Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan
| | - Ho Yin Pekkle Lam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan
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Merlano MC, Paccagnella M, Denaro N, Abbona A, Galizia D, Sangiolo D, Gammaitoni L, Fiorino E, Minei S, Bossi P, Licitra L, Garrone O. Baseline Values of Circulating IL-6 and TGF-β Might Identify Patients with HNSCC Who Do Not Benefit from Nivolumab Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5257. [PMID: 37958430 PMCID: PMC10649732 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunotherapy of head and neck cancer induces a limited rate of long-term survivors at the cost of treating many patients exposed to toxicity without benefit, regardless of PD-L1 expression. The identification of better biomarkers is warranted. We analyzed a panel of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, hereinafter all referred to as 'cytokines', as potential biomarkers in patients with head and neck cancer treated with nivolumab. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 18 circulating cytokines were analyzed. Samples were gathered at baseline (T0) and after 3 courses of nivolumab (T1) in patients with relapsed/metastatic disease. The data extracted at T0 were linked to survival; the comparison of T0-T1 explored the effect of immunotherapy. RESULTS A total of 22 patients were accrued: 64% current heavy smokers, 36% female and 14% had PS = 2. At T0, ROC analysis showed that IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TGF-β were higher in patients with poor survival. Cox analysis demonstrated that only patients with the IL-6 and TGF-β discriminate had good or poor survival, respectively. Longitudinal increments of CCL-4, IL-15, IL-2 and CXCL-10 were observed in all patients during nivolumab treatment. CONCLUSION In this small population with poor clinical characteristics, this study highlights the prognostic role of IL-6 and TGF-β. Nivolumab treatment is associated with a positive modulation of some Th1 cytokines, but it does not correlate with the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Carlo Merlano
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy; (M.C.M.); (D.G.); (L.G.)
| | | | - Nerina Denaro
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy; (N.D.); (O.G.)
| | - Andrea Abbona
- Translational Oncology ARCO Foundation, 12100 Cuneo, Italy;
| | - Danilo Galizia
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy; (M.C.M.); (D.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Dario Sangiolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10060 Torino, Italy; (D.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Loretta Gammaitoni
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy; (M.C.M.); (D.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Erika Fiorino
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10060 Torino, Italy; (D.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Silvia Minei
- Post-Graduate School of Specialization Medical Oncology, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70120 Bari, Italy;
- Medical Oncology, A.U.O. Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, 70120 Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Bossi
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Lisa Licitra
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Ornella Garrone
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy; (N.D.); (O.G.)
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Zhu W, Huang H, Ming W, Zhang R, Gu Y, Bai Y, Liu X, Liu H, Liu Y, Gu W, Sun X. Delineating highly transcribed noncoding elements landscape in breast cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4432-4445. [PMID: 37731598 PMCID: PMC10507584 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly transcribed noncoding elements (HTNEs) are critical noncoding elements with high levels of transcriptional capacity in particular cohorts involved in multiple cellular biological processes. Investigation of HTNEs with persistent aberrant expression in abnormal tissues could be of benefit in exploring their roles in disease occurrence and progression. Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease for which early screening and prognosis are exceedingly crucial. In this study, we developed a HTNE identification framework to systematically investigate HTNE landscapes in breast cancer patients and identified over ten thousand HTNEs. The robustness and rationality of our framework were demonstrated via public datasets. We revealed that HTNEs had significant chromatin characteristics of enhancers and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and were significantly enriched with RNA-binding proteins as well as targeted by miRNAs. Further, HTNE-associated genes were significantly overexpressed and exhibited strong correlations with breast cancer. Ultimately, we explored the subtype-specific transcriptional processes associated with HTNEs and uncovered the HTNE signatures that could classify breast cancer subtypes based on the properties of hormone receptors. Our results highlight that the identified HTNEs as well as their associated genes play crucial roles in breast cancer progression and correlate with subtype-specific transcriptional processes of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenlong Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunfei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoan Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongde Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Information, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanjun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Guo S, Liu X, Zhang J, Huang Z, Ye P, Shi J, Stalin A, Wu C, Lu S, Zhang F, Gao Y, Jin Z, Tao X, Huang J, Zhai Y, Shi R, Guo F, Zhou W, Wu J. Integrated analysis of single-cell RNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq unravels T cell-related prognostic risk model and tumor immune microenvironment modulation in triple-negative breast cancer. Comput Biol Med 2023; 161:107066. [PMID: 37263064 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and fatal malignancy. The current success of tumor immunotherapy has focused attention on intermediate T-cell subsets and the tumor microenvironment, which are essential for activation of the anti-tumor response. Therefore, both areas require further research to accelerate progress in developing tailored immunotherapeutic approaches for patients with TNBC. METHODS We obtained scRNA-seq data of TNBC from the GEO database. A multiplex strategy was used to analyze and identify the T-cell heterogeneity of TNBC. By combining the METABRIC and GEO databases, a prognostic risk model for T-cell marker genes was constructed and validated. In addition, the immune-infiltrating cells of TNBC was analyzed using CIBERSORT, and the association between the risk model and response to immunotherapy was investigated. RESULTS Based on scRNA-seq data, 25,932 cells were identified for multiple analyzes. T cells were studied with a focus on 2 subtypes, including CD8+ and CD4+. There were also communication relationships between T cells and multiple cell types. The results of the enrichment analysis showed that the T-cell marker genes were focused in pathways related to the immune system. In addition, OPTN, TMEM176A, PKM and HES1 deserve attention as prognostic markers in TNBC. The immune infiltration results showed that the high-risk group had significant immune cell infiltration and immunosuppression status. CONCLUSION This study provides a resource for understanding T-cell heterogeneity and the associated prognostic risk model for TNBC. The results show that the model helps predict prognosis and response to treatment in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xinkui Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhihong Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Peizhi Ye
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Chinese Medicine Department of the Caner Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Antony Stalin
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shan Lu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fanqin Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yifei Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhengseng Jin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yiyan Zhai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Rui Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fengying Guo
- School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jiarui Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Zhang L, Qin Q, Xu C, Zhang N, Zhao T. Identification of immune cell function in breast cancer by integrating multiple single-cell data. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1058239. [PMID: 36479102 PMCID: PMC9719918 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1058239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has now become the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. It is a highly complex and heterogeneous disease that comprises distinct histological features and treatment response. With the development of molecular biology and immunology, immunotherapy has become a new field of breast cancer treatment. Identifying cell-type-specific genes critical to the immune microenvironment contributes to breast cancer treatment. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology could serve as a powerful tool to analyze cellular genetic information at single-cell resolution and to uncover the gene expression status of each cell, thus allowing comprehensive assessment of intercellular heterogeneity. Because of the influence of sample size and sequencing depth, the specificity of genes in different cell types for breast cancer cannot be fully revealed. Therefore, the present study integrated two public breast cancer scRNA-seq datasets aiming to investigate the functions of different type of immune cells in tumor microenvironment. We identified total five significant differential expressed genes of B cells, T cells and macrophage and explored their functions and immune mechanisms in breast cancer. Finally, we performed functional annotation analyses using the top fifteen differentially expressed genes in each immune cell type to discover the immune-related pathways and gene ontology (GO) terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Qiyuan Qin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Ningyi Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Tianyi Zhao
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China,*Correspondence: Tianyi Zhao,
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10
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Chen J, Wei Y, Yang W, Huang Q, Chen Y, Zeng K, Chen J. IL-6: The Link Between Inflammation, Immunity and Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:903800. [PMID: 35924148 PMCID: PMC9341216 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.903800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality in females. Over the past decades, intensive efforts have been made to uncover the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic factor which has a vital role in host defense immunity and acute stress. Moreover, a wide range of studies have identified the physiological and pathological roles of IL-6 in inflammation, immune and cancer. Recently, several IL-6 signaling pathway-targeted monoclonal antibodies have been developed for cancer and immune therapy. Combination of IL-6 inhibitory antibody with other pathways blockage drugs have demonstrated promising outcome in both preclinical and clinical trials. This review focuses on emerging studies on the strong linkages of IL-6/IL-6R mediated regulation of inflammation and immunity in cancer, especially in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanghui Wei
- Department of Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yanghui Wei, ; Jiawei Chen,
| | - Weiqin Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qingnan Huang
- Department of Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Zeng
- Department of Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yanghui Wei, ; Jiawei Chen,
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11
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Howard FHN, Kwan A, Winder N, Mughal A, Collado-Rojas C, Muthana M. Understanding Immune Responses to Viruses-Do Underlying Th1/Th2 Cell Biases Predict Outcome? Viruses 2022; 14:1493. [PMID: 35891472 PMCID: PMC9324514 DOI: 10.3390/v14071493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging viral diseases have increased in number and geographical extent during the last decades. Examples include the current COVID-19 pandemic and the recent epidemics of the Chikungunya, Ebola, and Zika viruses. Immune responses to viruses have been well-characterised within the innate and adaptive immunity pathways with the outcome following viral infection predominantly attributed to properties of the virus and circumstances of the infection. Perhaps the belief that the immune system is often considered as a reactive component of host defence, springing into action when a threat is detected, has contributed to a poorer understanding of the inherent differences in an individual's immune system in the absence of any pathology. In this review, we focus on how these host factors (age, ethnicity, underlying pathologies) may skew the T helper cell response, thereby influencing the outcome following viral infection but also whether we can use these inherent biases to predict patients at risk of a deviant response and apply strategies to avoid or overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith H. N. Howard
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (A.K.); (N.W.); (A.M.); (C.C.-R.); (M.M.)
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12
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Plasma profile of immune determinants predicts pathological complete response in locally advanced breast cancer patients: a pilot study. Clin Breast Cancer 2022; 22:705-714. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Hayati Z, Montazeri V, Shivappa N, Hebert JR, Pirouzpanah S. The association between the inflammatory potential of diet and the risk of histopathological and molecular subtypes of breast cancer in northwestern Iran: Results from the Breast Cancer Risk and Lifestyle study. Cancer 2022; 128:2298-2312. [PMID: 35389510 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explored the association between diet-associated inflammation and the risk of different molecular subtypes of breast cancer (BrCA) in a large, population-based case-control study conducted in northwestern Iran. METHODS The study consisted of 1007 women with histopathologically confirmed BrCA and 1004 controls admitted to hospitals in Tabriz, northwestern Iran, for nonneoplastic conditions. Dietary Inflammatory Index scores and energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) scores, with and without supplements, were computed on the basis of dietary intake collected using a validated 136-item food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS Women with the highest E-DII scores (quartile 4) versus those with the lowest E-DII scores (quartile 1) showed a significantly increased BrCA risk (odds ratio for quartile 4 vs quartile 1 [ORQ4vsQ1 ], 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42-2.47), particularly for lobular carcinoma (ORQ4vsQ1 , 3.07; 95% CI, 1.34-7.02). Findings were similar for premenopausal women diagnosed with luminal A BrCA (ORQ4vsQ1 , 2.71; 95% CI, 1.74-4.22) or luminal B BrCA (ORQ4vsQ1 , 2.86; 95% CI, 1.39-5.89). Women consuming the most proinflammatory diets were 3 times more likely to have triple-negative BrCA (ORQ4vsQ1 , 3.00; 95% CI, 1.002-8.96) while compared to luminal A BrCA. The BrCA risk for women consuming diets in the highest half of E-DII scores (E-DII > 0) was 59% greater than the risk for those in the lowest half (95% CI, 1.29-1.97). Also, higher E-DII scores that took into account supplements were associated with larger tumor sizes (T3 > 5 cm; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS A proinflammatory diet, as indicated by higher E-DII scores, appears to increase the risk of BrCA in Iranian women. Large increases in risk were seen in invasive molecular subtypes of BrCA. Anti-inflammatory diets are suggested to prevent the risk of overall BrCA and more aggressive forms of BrCA in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hayati
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Montazeri
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - James R Hebert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Saeed Pirouzpanah
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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14
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Paccagnella M, Abbona A, Michelotti A, Geuna E, Ruatta F, Landucci E, Denaro N, Vanella P, Lo Nigro C, Galizia D, Merlano M, Garrone O. Circulating Cytokines in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Select Different Prognostic Groups and Patients Who Might Benefit from Treatment beyond Progression. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:78. [PMID: 35062739 PMCID: PMC8781714 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer induces immune suppression to overcome its recognition and eradication by the immune system. Cytokines are messengers able to modulate immune response or suppression. There is great interest in the evaluation of their changes during treatment in order to identify their relationship with clinical outcome. We evaluated 18 cytokines in breast cancer patients treated with eribulin before starting treatment (T0) and after four courses of therapy (T1). Longitudinal modifications were considered and cytokine clusters through PCA and HCPC correlated to patients' outcomes were identified. Forty-one metastatic breast cancer patients and fifteen healthy volunteers were included. After clustering, we identified at T0 six patient clusters with different risk of relapse and death. At T1, only four clusters were identified, and three of them accounted for thirty-eight of forty-one patients, suggesting a possible role of treatment in reducing heterogeneity. The cluster with the best survival at T1 was characterized by low levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CCL-2, CCL-4, and TGF-β. The cluster showing the worst survival encompassed high levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CCL-2, and IFN-γ. A subgroup of patients with short progression-free survival (PFS) and long overall survival (OS) was comprised in the cluster characterized by low levels of CCL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12 at T0. Our data support the prognostic significance of longitudinal serum cytokine analysis. This approach may help identify patients for whom early treatment stop avoids needless toxicity or might justify treatment beyond early progression. Further investigations are required to validate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Abbona
- Translational Oncology ARCO Foundation, 12100 Cuneo, Italy;
| | - Andrea Michelotti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Elena Geuna
- Multidisciplinary Oncology Outpatient Clinic, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (E.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Fiorella Ruatta
- Department of Medical Oncology, S. Croce e Carle Teaching Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy; (F.R.); (N.D.); (P.V.)
| | - Elisabetta Landucci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Nerina Denaro
- Department of Medical Oncology, S. Croce e Carle Teaching Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy; (F.R.); (N.D.); (P.V.)
| | - Paola Vanella
- Department of Medical Oncology, S. Croce e Carle Teaching Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy; (F.R.); (N.D.); (P.V.)
| | | | - Danilo Galizia
- Multidisciplinary Oncology Outpatient Clinic, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (E.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Marco Merlano
- Experimental Cell Therapy Lab, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS Candiolo, 10060 Torino, Italy;
| | - Ornella Garrone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Policlinico Maggiore, 20122 Milano, Italy;
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15
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Yaghoobi V, Moutafi M, Aung TN, Pelekanou V, Yaghoubi S, Blenman K, Ibrahim E, Vathiotis IA, Shafi S, Sharma A, O'Meara T, Fernandez AI, Pusztai L, Rimm DL. Quantitative assessment of the immune microenvironment in African American Triple Negative Breast Cancer: a case-control study. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:113. [PMID: 34906209 PMCID: PMC8670126 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01493-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is more common in African American (AA) than Non-AA (NAA) population. We hypothesize that tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to this disparity. Here, we use multiplex quantitative immunofluorescence to characterize the expression of immunologic biomarkers in the TME in both populations. PATIENTS AND METHODS TNBC tumor resection specimen tissues from a 100-patient case: control cohort including 49 AA and 51 NAA were collected. TME markers including CD45, CD14, CD68, CD206, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD3, Ki67, GzB, Thy1, FAP, aSMA, CD34, Col4, VWF and PD-L1 we quantitatively assessed in every field of view. Mean expression levels were compared between cases and controls. RESULTS Although no significant differences were detected in individual lymphoid and myeloid markers, we found that infiltration with CD45+ immune cells (p = 0.0102) was higher in TNBC in AA population. AA TNBC tumors also had significantly higher level of lymphocytic infiltration defined as CD45+ CD14- cells (p = 0.0081). CD3+ T-cells in AA tumors expressed significantly higher levels of Ki67 (0.0066) compared to NAAs, indicating that a higher percentage of AA tumors contained activated T-cells. All other biomarkers showed no significant differences between the AA and NAA group. CONCLUSIONS While the TME in TNBC is rich in immune cells in both racial groups, there is a numerical increase in lymphoid infiltration in AA compared to NAA TNBC. Significantly, higher activated T cells seen in AA patients raises the possibility that there may be a subset of AA patients with improved response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesal Yaghoobi
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, BML 116, P.O. Box 208023, New Haven, CT, 06520-8023, USA
| | - Myrto Moutafi
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, BML 116, P.O. Box 208023, New Haven, CT, 06520-8023, USA
| | - Thazin Nwe Aung
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, BML 116, P.O. Box 208023, New Haven, CT, 06520-8023, USA
| | - Vasiliki Pelekanou
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, BML 116, P.O. Box 208023, New Haven, CT, 06520-8023, USA
| | - Sanam Yaghoubi
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kim Blenman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eiman Ibrahim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ioannis A Vathiotis
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, BML 116, P.O. Box 208023, New Haven, CT, 06520-8023, USA
| | - Saba Shafi
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, BML 116, P.O. Box 208023, New Haven, CT, 06520-8023, USA
| | - Anup Sharma
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tess O'Meara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aileen I Fernandez
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, BML 116, P.O. Box 208023, New Haven, CT, 06520-8023, USA
| | - Lajos Pusztai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David L Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, BML 116, P.O. Box 208023, New Haven, CT, 06520-8023, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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16
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Crosstalk between Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Tumor Growth and Immunosuppression of Breast Cancer. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:8840066. [PMID: 34337083 PMCID: PMC8294979 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8840066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Signals from the tumor microenvironment (TME) have a profound influence on the maintenance and progression of cancers. Chronic inflammation and the infiltration of immune cells in breast cancer (BC) have been strongly associated with early carcinogenic events and a switch to a more immunosuppressive response. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant stromal component and can modulate tumor progression according to their secretomes. The immune cells including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), and helper T cell (Th)), monocyte-infiltrating cells (MICs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), mast cells (MCs), and natural killer cells (NKs) play an important part in the immunological balance, fluctuating TME between protumoral and antitumoral responses. In this review article, we have summarized the impact of these immunological players together with CAF secreted substances in driving BC progression. We explain the crosstalk of CAFs and tumor-infiltrating immune cells suppressing antitumor response in BC, proposing these cellular entities as predictive markers of poor prognosis. CAF-tumor-infiltrating immune cell interaction is suggested as an alternative therapeutic strategy to regulate the immunosuppressive microenvironment in BC.
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17
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Basu A, Ramamoorthi G, Albert G, Gallen C, Beyer A, Snyder C, Koski G, Disis ML, Czerniecki BJ, Kodumudi K. Differentiation and Regulation of T H Cells: A Balancing Act for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:669474. [PMID: 34012451 PMCID: PMC8126720 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Current success of immunotherapy in cancer has drawn attention to the subsets of TH cells in the tumor which are critical for activation of anti-tumor response either directly by themselves or by stimulating cytotoxic T cell activity. However, presence of immunosuppressive pro-tumorigenic TH subsets in the tumor milieu further contributes to the complexity of regulation of TH cell-mediated immune response. In this review, we present an overview of the multifaceted positive and negative effects of TH cells, with an emphasis on regulation of different TH cell subtypes by various immune cells, and how a delicate balance of contradictory signals can influence overall success of cancer immunotherapy. We focus on the regulatory network that encompasses dendritic cell-induced activation of CD4+ TH1 cells and subsequent priming of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, along with intersecting anti-inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic TH2 cell activity. We further discuss how other tumor infiltrating immune cells such as immunostimulatory TH9 and Tfh cells, immunosuppressive Treg cells, and the duality of TH17 function contribute to tip the balance of anti- vs pro-tumorigenic TH responses in the tumor. We highlight the developing knowledge of CD4+ TH1 immune response against neoantigens/oncodrivers, impact of current immunotherapy strategies on CD4+ TH1 immunity, and how opposing action of TH cell subtypes can be explored further to amplify immunotherapy success in patients. Understanding the nuances of CD4+ TH cells regulation and the molecular framework undergirding the balancing act between anti- vs pro-tumorigenic TH subtypes is critical for rational designing of immunotherapies that can bypass therapeutic escape to maximize the potential of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Basu
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - Gabriella Albert
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Corey Gallen
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Amber Beyer
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Colin Snyder
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Gary Koski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Mary L Disis
- UW Medicine Cancer Vaccine Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Brian J Czerniecki
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Breast Cancer Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Krithika Kodumudi
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
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18
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Zhang Z, Zhang H, Li D, Zhou X, Wang J, Zhang Q. LncRNA ST7-AS1 is a Potential Novel Biomarker and Correlated With Immune Infiltrates for Breast Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:604261. [PMID: 33912584 PMCID: PMC8075053 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.604261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) ST7-AS1 can be observed in various cancers, but its role in breast cancer (BRC) remains unclear. Our aim is to, on the basis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, prove the correlation between lncRNA ST7-AS1 and BRC. Methods: The lncRNA ST7-AS1 expression and its roles in the prognosis of BRC were explored using data from the TCGA database. The expression level of lncRNA ST7-AS1 in BRC samples was detected using RT-PCR. The 1-, 3-, or 5-year survival rate was predicted using a nomogram established through Cox proportional hazard regression. At last, the biological function was explored through gene ontology (GO) analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The hallmark pathways significantly involved in hub genes were described through functional enrichment analysis. The correlation between lncRNA ST7-AS1 expression and immune infiltration was analyzed through single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA). Results: LncRNA ST7-AS1 expression was downregulated in BRC. Decreased lncRNA ST7-AS1 expression in BRC was correlated with advanced clinical pathologic characteristics (high grade, histological type, age, menopause status, and HER2 status), survival time, and poor prognosis. The nomogram was established for using lncRNA ST7-AS1 to predict 1-, 3-, or 5-year survival in patients with BRC. In addition, GO and pathway analyses suggested the involvement of lncRNA ST7-AS1 in cell cycle, DNA repair, and immune cell infiltration in the BRC immune microenvironment. We found the correlation of lncRNA ST7-AS1 with T helper cells and DC cells. Conclusion: Low expression of lncRNA ST7-AS1 indicates poor prognosis and has an impact on cell cycle, DNA repair, and proportion of infiltrating immune cells in the BRC microenvironment. Therefore, lncRNA ST7-AS1 can be used as a protective prognostic marker and a potential treatment target for BRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongbo Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinlu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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19
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Merlano MC, Abbona A, Paccagnella M, Falletta A, Granetto C, Ricci V, Fea E, Denaro N, Ruatta F, Merlotti A, Bertetto O, Crosetto N, Galizia D, Basiricò M, Gammaitoni L, Sangiolo D, Aglietta M, Garrone O. Cytokine Profiling of End Stage Cancer Patients Treated with Immunotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030235. [PMID: 33800511 PMCID: PMC7999072 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Published data suggest that immunotherapy plays a role even in patients with very advanced tumours. We investigated the immune profile of end-stage cancer patients treated with immunotherapy to identify changes induced by treatment. Breast, colon, renal and prostate cancer patients were eligible. Treatment consisted of metronomic cyclophosphamide, low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) and a single radiation shot. A panel of 16 cytokines was assessed using automated ELISA before treatment (T0), after radiation (RT; T1), at cycle 2 (T2) and at disease progression (TPD). Receiving operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to identify cytokine cut-off related to overall survival (OS). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the immune profile correlating better with OS and progression-free survival. Twenty-three patients were enrolled. High IL-2, low IL-8 and CCL-2 correlated with OS. The PCA identified a cluster of patients, with high IL-2, IL-12 and IFN-γ levels at T0 having longer PFS and OS. In all cohorts, IL-2 and IL-5 increased from T0 to T2; a higher CCL-4 level compared to T2 and a higher IL-8 level compared to T0 were found at TPD. The progressive increase of the IL-10 level during treatment negatively correlated with OS. Our data suggested that baseline cytokine levels may predict patients’ outcome and that the treatment may affect their kinetic even in end-stage patients. Cytokine profiling of end-stage patients might offer a tool for medical decisions (EUDRACT: 2016-000578-39).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Carlo Merlano
- Experimental Cell Therapy Lab, Department of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Turin, Italy; (L.G.); (D.S.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-0171-616342
| | - Andrea Abbona
- Translational Oncology, ARCO Foundation, 12100 Cuneo, Italy; (A.A.); (M.P.); (A.F.); (O.G.)
| | - Matteo Paccagnella
- Translational Oncology, ARCO Foundation, 12100 Cuneo, Italy; (A.A.); (M.P.); (A.F.); (O.G.)
| | - Antonella Falletta
- Translational Oncology, ARCO Foundation, 12100 Cuneo, Italy; (A.A.); (M.P.); (A.F.); (O.G.)
| | - Cristina Granetto
- Department of Medical Oncology, S. Croce e Carle Teaching Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy; (C.G.); (V.R.); (E.F.); (N.D.); (F.R.)
| | - Vincenzo Ricci
- Department of Medical Oncology, S. Croce e Carle Teaching Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy; (C.G.); (V.R.); (E.F.); (N.D.); (F.R.)
| | - Elena Fea
- Department of Medical Oncology, S. Croce e Carle Teaching Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy; (C.G.); (V.R.); (E.F.); (N.D.); (F.R.)
| | - Nerina Denaro
- Department of Medical Oncology, S. Croce e Carle Teaching Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy; (C.G.); (V.R.); (E.F.); (N.D.); (F.R.)
| | - Fiorella Ruatta
- Department of Medical Oncology, S. Croce e Carle Teaching Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy; (C.G.); (V.R.); (E.F.); (N.D.); (F.R.)
| | - Anna Merlotti
- Department of Radiotherapy, S. Croce e Carle Teaching Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy;
| | - Oscar Bertetto
- Rete Oncologica del Piemonte e Della Valle d’Aosta, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Nicola Crosetto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysiscs, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Danilo Galizia
- Multidisciplinary Oncology Outpatient Clinic, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Turin, Italy;
| | - Marco Basiricò
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy;
| | - Loretta Gammaitoni
- Experimental Cell Therapy Lab, Department of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Turin, Italy; (L.G.); (D.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Dario Sangiolo
- Experimental Cell Therapy Lab, Department of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Turin, Italy; (L.G.); (D.S.); (M.A.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy;
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- Experimental Cell Therapy Lab, Department of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Turin, Italy; (L.G.); (D.S.); (M.A.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy;
| | - Ornella Garrone
- Translational Oncology, ARCO Foundation, 12100 Cuneo, Italy; (A.A.); (M.P.); (A.F.); (O.G.)
- Breast Unit, S. Croce e Carle Teaching Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy
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20
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Ramamoorthi G, Kodumudi K, Gallen C, Zachariah NN, Basu A, Albert G, Beyer A, Snyder C, Wiener D, Costa RLB, Czerniecki BJ. Disseminated cancer cells in breast cancer: Mechanism of dissemination and dormancy and emerging insights on therapeutic opportunities. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 78:78-89. [PMID: 33626407 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic spread in breast cancer patients is the major driver of cancer-related deaths. A unique subset of cells disseminated from pre-invasive or primary tumor lesions are recognized as the main seeds for metastatic outgrowth. Disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) can migrate to distant organs and settle in a dormant state for a prolonged period until they emerge to overt metastases. Understanding the biology of breast cancer cells dissemination, dormancy and reactivation to form overt metastases has become an important focus. In this review, we discuss the recent advancements of molecular pathways involving breast cancer cell dissemination, role of chemokine-chemokine receptor networks in DCCs migration, DCCs phenotypic heterogeneity and unique genes signatures in tumor dormancy, microenvironmental regulation and specific niches that favors DCCs homing and dormancy. In addition, we also discuss recent findings relating to the role of immune response on DCC dissemination and dormancy. With recent advances in the field of immunotherapy/targeted therapy and its beneficial effects in cancer treatment, this review will focus on their impact on DCCs, reversal of stemness, tumor dormancy and metastatic relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Ramamoorthi
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Krithika Kodumudi
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Corey Gallen
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Nadia Nocera Zachariah
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States; Department of Breast Oncology H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Amrita Basu
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Gabriella Albert
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Amber Beyer
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Colin Snyder
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Doris Wiener
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ricardo L B Costa
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States; Department of Breast Oncology H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Brian J Czerniecki
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States; Department of Breast Oncology H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States.
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21
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Savioli F, Edwards J, McMillan D, Stallard S, Doughty J, Romics L. The effect of postoperative complications on survival and recurrence after surgery for breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 155:103075. [PMID: 32987333 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review investigated the impact of complications on long term outcomes for patients with primary invasive operable breast cancer. METHODS A systematic review was performed using appropriate keywords, and meta-analysis using a random effects model completed. RESULTS Ten retrospective cohort studies, including 37,657 patients were included. Five studies identified a relationship between wound complications, infection and pyrexia and recurrence or recurrence-free survival. Risk of recurrence, 1-year and 5-year recurrence-free survival and overall survival were related to complications, particularly for patients with poor Nottingham Prognostic Index. Five studies failed to demonstrate a relationship between complications and prognosis. Complication was found to significantly affect 5-year recurrence-free survival (HR 1.48 95 % CI 1.02-2.14, p = 0.04) but not recurrence (HR 2.39, 95 %CI 0.94-6.07, p = 0.07), with a high degree of heterogeneity amongst analysed studies (I2 = 95 %). DISCUSSION Further research is needed to quantify the effects of postoperative complication on prognosis following surgery for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Savioli
- Clinical Research Fellow, Specialty Trainee (General Surgery), Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Level 2 New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 8-16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, United Kingdom.
| | - J Edwards
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - D McMillan
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Level 2 New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 8-16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, United Kingdom
| | - S Stallard
- Gartnavel General Hospital, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow G12 0YN, United Kingdom
| | - J Doughty
- Gartnavel General Hospital, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow G12 0YN, United Kingdom
| | - L Romics
- New Victoria Hospital, 52 Grange Road, Glasgow G42 9LF, United Kingdom; Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Level 2 New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 8-16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, United Kingdom
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22
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Lin CM, Lin LW, Chen YW, Ye YL. The expression and prognostic impact of proinflammatory cytokines and their associations with carcinogens in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:549-558. [PMID: 31970439 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02488-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), the relationships between immune responses, carcinogens, and prognoses are not clarified yet. Here, we retrospectively reviewed the pathology samples of 46 OPSCC patients, and used p16 to determine their human papillomavirus (HPV) status. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was also analyzed for further comparison. The immunofluorescence staining of proinflammatory cytokines showed that high interferon gamma (IFNγ; T helper 1; Th1), low interleukin 4 (IL4; T helper 2; Th2), low thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP; Th2), and low transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ; T regulatory; Treg) expressions were good prognostic factors for OPSCC. p16-positive OPSCC showed higher Th1, lower Th2/Treg proinflammatory cytokine expressions, and a better prognosis than p16-negative OPSCC. In smokers alone, although p16-positive OPSCC smokers showed weaker Th2/Treg predominant cytokine expressions than p16-negative OPSCC smokers, the prognoses of both groups were equally poor. As for p16-positive OPSCC patients alone, p16-positive nonsmokers showed a significantly better prognosis than p16-positive smokers, but the immune responses of both groups were all weakly Th2/Treg predominant. Overall, higher Th1 and lower Th2/Treg proinflammatory cytokine expressions are associated with a better prognosis for OPSCC. HPV may be related to increased Th1, decreased Th2/Treg responses, and a good prognosis, while smoking may be related to increased Th2/Treg, decreased Th1 responses, and a poor prognosis in OPSCC. The impact of smoking on immune deviation may be weaker than that of HPV, but the impact of smoking on prognosis may be stronger than that of HPV in OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Maw Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Long-Wei Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miao-Li, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Ye
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yun-Lin, Taiwan.
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23
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Martinez LM, Robila V, Clark NM, Du W, Idowu MO, Rutkowski MR, Bos PD. Regulatory T Cells Control the Switch From in situ to Invasive Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1942. [PMID: 31555258 PMCID: PMC6727150 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-obligate precursor of breast cancer, and it only progresses to invasive breast cancer in around 40% of patients. While immune infiltrates have been observed in these early cancer lesions, their potential prognostic value is still unclear. Regulatory T (Treg) cells accumulate in advanced breast cancers, and predict poor outcome. We have shown before that ablation of Treg cells in established tumors leads to significant decrease in primary and metastatic tumor burden. In this work, we sought to investigate Treg cell function in the progression from non-invasive to invasive breast cancer lesions. To this end, we used the murine mammary tumor virus polyoma middle T (MMTV-PyMT) murine model of spontaneous, stage-wise breast carcinogenesis crossed to Foxp3 DTR knock in mice, allowing Treg cell ablation by administration of diphtheria toxin. Transient targeting of Treg cells at the in situ carcinoma stage resulted in a significant increase in the number of tumor-bearing mammary glands and size of growing tumors compared with control mice. Whole mammary gland mounts and histological examination confirmed larger emergent tumor area in Treg cell-ablated mice, and revealed that these tumors were characterized by a more advanced tumor staging, with presence of early invasion, increased desmoplasia and collagen deposition. Furthermore, Treg cell ablation increased the percentage of cancer stem/progenitor cells in the mammary compartment. Interestingly, Treg cell ablation resulted in increased inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 with a concomitant reduction in classically activated tumor associated macrophages. This TH2-biased immune regulatory mammary inflammation was consistent with the enhancement in tumor promotion that we observed. Overall, our study demonstrates that Treg cells oppose breast cancer progression at early stages, raising a cautionary note regarding the consideration of immune intervention targeted at boosting immune responses for DCIS.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/immunology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Cytokines/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/physiology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplasm Staging/methods
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/pathology
- Tumor Burden/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro M. Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Valentina Robila
- Anatomic Pathology Service, Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Nicholas M. Clark
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
- Integrative Life Sciences Doctoral Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Michael O. Idowu
- Anatomic Pathology Service, Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Melanie R. Rutkowski
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Paula D. Bos
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
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24
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Basu A, Ramamoorthi G, Jia Y, Faughn J, Wiener D, Awshah S, Kodumudi K, Czerniecki BJ. Immunotherapy in breast cancer: Current status and future directions. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 143:295-349. [PMID: 31202361 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer, one of the leading causes of death in women in the United States, challenges therapeutic success in patients due to tumor heterogeneity, treatment resistance, metastasis and disease recurrence. Knowledge of immune system involvement in normal breast development and breast cancer has led to extensive research into the immune landscape of breast cancer and multiple immunotherapy clinical trials in breast cancer patients. However, poor immunogenicity and T-cell infiltration along with heightened immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment have been identified as potential challenges to the success of immunotherapy in breast cancer. Oncodrivers, owing to their enhanced expression and stimulation of tumor cell proliferation and survival, present an excellent choice for targeted immunotherapy development in breast cancer. Loss of anti-tumor immune response specific to oncodrivers has been reported in breast cancer patients as well. Dendritic cell vaccines have been tested for their efficacy in generating anti-tumor T-cell response against specific tumor-associated antigens and oncodrivers and have shown improved survival outcome in patients. Here, we review the current status of immunotherapy in breast cancer, focusing on dendritic cell vaccines and their therapeutic application in breast cancer. We further discuss future directions of breast cancer immunotherapy and potential combination strategies involving dendritic cell vaccines and existing chemotherapeutics for improved efficacy and better survival outcome in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Basu
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - Yongsheng Jia
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States; Department of Breast Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jon Faughn
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Doris Wiener
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Sabrina Awshah
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States; University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Krithika Kodumudi
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States; University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
| | - Brian J Czerniecki
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States; Department of Breast Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States; University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
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25
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Hardy-Werbin M, Rocha P, Arpi O, Taus Á, Nonell L, Durán X, Villanueva X, Joseph-Pietras D, Nolan L, Danson S, Griffiths R, Lopez-Botet M, Rovira A, Albanell J, Ottensmeier C, Arriola E. Serum cytokine levels as predictive biomarkers of benefit from ipilimumab in small cell lung cancer. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1593810. [PMID: 31069160 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1593810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Immunotherapy has shown efficacy in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), but only a subset of patients benefits. Surrogate biomarkers are urgently needed. Our aim was to evaluate serum Th1, Th2, and proinflammatory cytokines in two cohorts of SCLC patients before and during treatment with chemotherapy with or without ipilimumab and to correlate them with survival. Patients and methods. Two cohorts of SCLC patients were studied: patients treated with chemotherapy (n = 47), and patients treated with chemotherapy plus ipilimumab (n = 37). Baseline, on-treatment and after-treatment serum samples were evaluated for the presence of IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, and Mip-1alpha using a Luminex assay. Differential changes in cytokines between cohorts were analyzed. Associations between cytokine levels and their changes with overall survival were evaluated. Results. Patients treated with ipilimumab showed a global increase of all cytokines after treatment initiation. A high level of IL-8 at baseline was associated with worse prognosis regardless of treatment. Baseline increased IL-2 levels predicted sensitivity to ipilimumab, while high IL-6 and TNF-alpha predicted resistance. An on-treatment increase in IL-4 levels in patients treated with immune-chemotherapy was associated with a better overall survival. Conclusions. The addition of ipilimumab to standard chemotherapy in SCLC modulates the serum levels of cytokines. Baseline levels and their change over time relate to overall survival. Blood-based biomarkers are convenient for patients, and our results support prospective validation of cytokines as predictive biomarkers for ipilimumab in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Hardy-Werbin
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Rocha
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Arpi
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Taus
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Nonell
- Microarrays analysis service, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Durán
- Statistics department, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Villanueva
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Luke Nolan
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sarah Danson
- Sheffield Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Miguel Lopez-Botet
- Immunology unit, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Rovira
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Albanell
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Ottensmeier
- NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Southampton, UK.,Cancer Science Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Edurne Arriola
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Yang J, Xu J, E Y, Sun T. Predictive and prognostic value of circulating blood lymphocyte subsets in metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Med 2019; 8:492-500. [PMID: 30632318 PMCID: PMC6382707 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of breast cancer (BC) has improved greatly in recent years, however, the limitations of current therapeutic modalities underscore the need to define new prognostic tools and develop highly targeted therapies. The aims of the present study were to explore the effects of circulating blood lymphocyte subsets on the survival of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients and to evaluate their predictive and prognostic value. The clinical data of 482 patients with MBC were retrospectively analyzed, and patients were grouped according to molecular types of BC. The distribution of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets at the time of first metastasis was examined by flow cytometry, and the distribution of lymphocyte subsets in each group was categorized into ''high or low'' subgroups using the upper quartile point as the cutoff. The relationship between the distribution of lymphocyte subsets and progression-free survival (PFS) as well as overall survival (OS) was evaluated in diverse molecular MBCs. In multivariate analysis, CD4+ was a negative independent predictor of PFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.538, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.313-0.926, P = 0.025) and CD3+ was a poor independent prognostic factor for OS (HR = 0.437, 95% CI = 0.248-0.772, P = 0.004) in the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive group. Neither the CD8+ , CD19+ , and CD56+ lymphocyte subsets nor the CD4+ /CD8+ ratio in peripheral blood was significant predictive or prognostic factors. In conclusion, higher circulating levels of CD4+ and CD3+ at first diagnosis in HER2-overexpressing MBC were significantly associated with worse survival outcomes. Low levels of plasma CD4+ and CD3+ were associated with increased anti-HER2 benefit in HER2-positive MBC. The present results indicate that these factors can be used as predictive and prognostic indicators of the outcome of patients with MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Junnan Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying E
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
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27
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Exploring immuno-regulatory mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment: Model and design of protocols for cancer remission. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203030. [PMID: 30183728 PMCID: PMC6124765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment comprising of the immune cells and cytokines acts as the ‘soil’ that nourishes a developing tumor. Lack of a comprehensive study of the interactions of this tumor microenvironment with the heterogeneous sub-population of tumor cells that arise from the differentiation of Cancer Stem Cells (CSC), i.e. the ‘seed’, has limited our understanding of the development of drug resistance and treatment failures in Cancer. Based on this seed and soil hypothesis, for the very first time, we have captured the concept of CSC differentiation and tumor-immune interaction into a generic model that has been validated with known experimental data. Using this model we report that as the CSC differentiation shifts from symmetric to asymmetric pattern, resistant cancer cells start accumulating in the tumor that makes it refractory to therapeutic interventions. Model analyses unveiled the presence of feedback loops that establish the dual role of M2 macrophages in regulating tumor proliferation. The study further revealed oscillations in the tumor sub-populations in the presence of TH1 derived IFN-γ that eliminates CSC; and the role of IL10 feedback in the regulation of TH1/TH2 ratio. These analyses expose important observations that are indicative of Cancer prognosis. Further, the model has been used for testing known treatment protocols to explore the reasons of failure of conventional treatment strategies and propose an improvised protocol that shows promising results in suppressing the proliferation of all the cellular sub-populations of the tumor and restoring a healthy TH1/TH2 ratio that assures better Cancer remission.
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28
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Ishii H, Vodnala SK, Achyut BR, So JY, Hollander MC, Greten TF, Lal A, Yang L. miR-130a and miR-145 reprogram Gr-1 +CD11b + myeloid cells and inhibit tumor metastasis through improved host immunity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2611. [PMID: 29973593 PMCID: PMC6031699 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-derived soluble factors promote the production of Gr-1+CD11b+ immature myeloid cells, and TGFβ signaling is critical in their immune suppressive function. Here, we report that miR-130a and miR-145 directly target TGFβ receptor II (TβRII) and are down-regulated in these myeloid cells, leading to increased TβRII. Ectopic expression of miR-130a and miR-145 in the myeloid cells decreased tumor metastasis. This is mediated through a downregulation of type 2 cytokines in myeloid cells and an increase in IFNγ-producing cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes. miR-130a- and miR-145-targeted molecular networks including TGFβ and IGF1R pathways were correlated with higher tumor stages in cancer patients. Lastly, miR-130a and miR-145 mimics, as well as IGF1R inhibitor NT157 improved anti-tumor immunity and inhibited metastasis in preclinical mouse models. These results demonstrated that miR-130a and miR-145 can reprogram tumor-associated myeloid cells by altering the cytokine milieu and metastatic microenvironment, thus enhancing host antitumor immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- CD11b Antigen/genetics
- CD11b Antigen/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Injections, Intravenous
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/immunology
- Myeloid Cells/drug effects
- Myeloid Cells/immunology
- Myeloid Cells/pathology
- Oligoribonucleotides/administration & dosage
- Oligoribonucleotides/genetics
- Oligoribonucleotides/metabolism
- Pyrogallol/analogs & derivatives
- Pyrogallol/pharmacology
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/immunology
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II/genetics
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II/immunology
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ishii
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Suman K Vodnala
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bhagelu R Achyut
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, 30912, USA
| | - Jae Young So
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - M Christine Hollander
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tim F Greten
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ashish Lal
- Genetic Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Li Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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29
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Subsite heterogeneity in the profiles of circulating cytokines in colorectal cancer. Cytokine 2018; 110:435-441. [PMID: 29801973 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancers (CRCs) are treated as one entity but are in fact a heterogeneous group of diseases. If not addressed, subsite-associated variability may interfere with mechanism-targeted therapies and accuracy of potential CRC biomarkers. Little is known about the contribution of systemic inflammatory and immune mediators to subsite heterogeneity in CRC. Our purpose was to compare the profiles of key cytokines between right and left colonic and rectal CRCs. Using Luminex xMAP® technology, serum concentrations of eotaxin, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12(p70), IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IFNγ, IP-10, FGF-2, G-CSF, GM-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-1α and β, PDGF-BB, RANTES, TNFα, and VEGF-A were determined in 104 CRC patients. We found the concentrations of IL-12(p70), IL-10, IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, G-CSF and TNFα to be significantly higher in right-sided and GM-CSF in left-sided than rectal CRCs. The concentrations of IFNγ and MIP-1α were significantly higher in right-sided CRCs as compared to cancers of other locations combined. In turn, MIP-1β was higher in rectal CRCs as compared to colon cancers. Taken together, our results show subsite heterogeneity of CRC cancers in terms of systemic inflammatory and immune responses that ought to be taken into account when attempting immunotherapy or developing biomarkers. Additionally, more pronounced TH2 response accompanied by TH1 immunity and more prominent tumor-promoting inflammation in CRC patients with primary tumors originating from right-sided colon may constitute a molecular background of unfavorable prognosis associated with this location.
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30
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Hong CC, Sucheston-Campbell LE, Liu S, Hu Q, Yao S, Lunetta KL, Haddad SA, Ruiz-Narváez EA, Bensen JT, Cheng TYD, Bandera EV, Rosenberg LA, Haiman CA, Lee K, Evans SS, Abrams SI, Repasky EA, Olshan AF, Palmer JR, Ambrosone CB. Genetic Variants in Immune-Related Pathways and Breast Cancer Risk in African American Women in the AMBER Consortium. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:321-330. [PMID: 29339359 PMCID: PMC5835191 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Constitutional immunity shaped by exposure to endemic infectious diseases and parasitic worms in Sub-Saharan Africa may play a role in the etiology of breast cancer among African American (AA) women.Methods: A total of 149,514 gene variants in 433 genes across 45 immune pathways were analyzed in the AMBER consortium among 3,663 breast cancer cases and 4,687 controls. Gene-based pathway analyses were conducted using the adaptive rank truncated product statistic for overall breast cancer risk, and risk by estrogen receptor (ER) status. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for single variants.Results: The top pathways were Interleukin binding (P = 0.01), Biocarta TNFR2 (P = 0.005), and positive regulation of cytokine production (P = 0.024) for overall, ER+, and ER- cancers, respectively. The most significant gene was IL2RB (P = 0.001) for overall cancer, with rs228952 being the top variant identified (OR = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.79-0.92). Only BCL3 contained a significant variant for ER+ breast cancer. Variants in IL2RB, TLR6, IL8, PRKDC, and MAP3K1 were associated with ER- disease. The only genes showing heterogeneity between ER- and ER+ cancers were TRAF1, MAP3K1, and MAPK3 (P ≤ 0.02). We also noted genes associated with autoimmune and atopic disorders.Conclusions: Findings from this study suggest that genetic variants in immune pathways are relevant to breast cancer susceptibility among AA women, both for ER+ and ER- breast cancers.Impact: Results from this study extend our understanding of how inherited genetic variation in immune pathways is relevant to breast cancer susceptibility. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(3); 321-30. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chen Hong
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.
| | | | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Song Yao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen A Haddad
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jeannette T Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ting-Yuan David Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Lynn A Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kelvin Lee
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Sharon S Evans
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Scott I Abrams
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
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31
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Association between expression of inflammatory markers in normal breast tissue and mammographic density among premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Menopause 2018; 24:524-535. [PMID: 28002200 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammatory markers may be associated with breast cancer risk. We assessed the association between expression levels of proinflammatory (interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, cyclooxygenase 2, leptin, serum amyloid A1, interleukin 8, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and anti-inflammatory markers (transforming growth factor-β, interleukin 10, and lactoferrin) in normal breast tissue with mammographic density, a strong breast cancer risk indicator, among 163 breast cancer patients. METHODS The expression of inflammatory markers was visually evaluated on immunohistochemistry stained slides. The percent mammographic density (PMD) was estimated by a computer-assisted method in the contralateral cancer-free breast. We used generalized linear models to estimate means of PMD by median expression levels of the inflammatory markers while adjusting for age and waist circumference. RESULTS Higher expression levels (above median) of the proinflammatory marker interleukin 6 were associated with higher PMD among all women (24.1% vs 18.5%, P = 0.007). Similarly, higher expression levels (above median) of the proinflammatory markers (interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, and interleukin 8) were associated with higher PMD among premenopausal women (absolute difference in the PMD of 8.8% [P = 0.006], 7.7% [P = 0.022], 6.7% [P = 0.037], and 16.5% [P = 0.032], respectively). Higher expression levels (above median) of the anti-inflammatory marker transforming growth factor-β were associated with lower PMD among all (18.8% vs 24.3%, P = 0.005) and postmenopausal women (14.5% vs 20.7%, P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Our results provide support for the hypothesized role of inflammatory markers in breast carcinogenesis through their effects on mammographic density. Inflammatory markers could be targeted in future breast cancer prevention interventions.
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32
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Mandal PK, Biswas S, Mandal G, Purohit S, Gupta A, Majumdar (Giri) A, Roy Chowdhury S, Bhattacharyya A. CCL2 conditionally determines CCL22-dependent Th2-accumulation during TGF-β-induced breast cancer progression. Immunobiology 2018; 223:151-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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33
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Mizuno R, Kimura G, Fukasawa S, Ueda T, Kondo T, Hara H, Shoji S, Kanao K, Nakazawa H, Tanabe K, Horie S, Oya M. Angiogenic, inflammatory and immunologic markers in predicting response to sunitinib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1858-1863. [PMID: 28699300 PMCID: PMC5581523 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this prospective study was to identify baseline angiogenic and inflammatory markers in serum as well as the baseline levels of immune cells in whole blood to predict progression‐free survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib. Blood samples were collected at baseline in all 90 patients to analyze serum angiogenic and inflammatory markers together with peripheral blood immunological marker. The association between each marker and sunitinib efficacy was analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional model analyses were used to assess the correlation between those markers with survival. Baseline levels of interleukin‐6, interleukin‐8, high sensitivity C‐reactive protein and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells were significantly higher in patients who progressed when compared with those with clinical benefit. Analysis by the Cox regression model showed that baseline interleukin‐8, high sensitivity C‐reactive protein and percentage of T helper type 1 cells were significantly associated with progression‐free survival in univariate analysis. Furthermore, in multivariate analysis, those three markers were independent indices to predict progression‐free survival. In conclusion, angiogenic (interleukin‐8), inflammatory (interleukin‐6, high sensitivity C‐reactive) and immunologic (myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, percentage of T helper type 1 cells) markers at baseline would predict the response to sunitinib therapy and/or disease progression in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Mizuno
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Toyko, Japan
| | - Go Kimura
- Department of Urology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukasawa
- Prostate Center and Division of Urology, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ueda
- Prostate Center and Division of Urology, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsunenori Kondo
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Hara
- Department of Urology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sunao Shoji
- Department of Urology, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kent Kanao
- Department of Urology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hayakazu Nakazawa
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Tanabe
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Horie
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Toyko, Japan
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34
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Masuda J, Takayama E, Strober W, Satoh A, Morimoto Y, Honjo Y, Ichinohe T, Tokuno SI, Ishizuka T, Nakata T, Mizutani A, Umemura N, Kitani A, Fuss IJ, Shigehiro T, Kawaki H, Mizuno-Kamiya M, Kondoh N, Seno M. Tumor growth limited to subcutaneous site vs tumor growth in pulmonary site exhibit differential effects on systemic immunities. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:449-455. [PMID: 28535011 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate systemic immunity associated with tumor growth limited to a subcutaneous site versus growth proceeding at multiple tumor sites, we established syngeneic mouse subcutaneous and pulmonary tumor models by local subcutaneous and intravenous injection of colon carcinoma CT26 cells. We found that splenic myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) levels were significantly increased in the subcutaneous tumor model but not in the pulmonary tumor model. Furthermore, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells were significantly decreased in the subcutaneous tumor model and were largely unchanged in the pulmonary tumor model. In addition, the subcutaneous model, but not the pulmonary model, displayed a Th1 polarization bias. This bias was characterized by decreased IL-4, IL-9, and IL-10 production, whereas the pulmonary model displayed increased production of IL-10. These results suggest that the mode of tumor development has differential effects on systemic immunity that may, in turn, influence approaches to treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Masuda
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Eiji Takayama
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Warren Strober
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ayano Satoh
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuji Morimoto
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuko Honjo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Ichinohe
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Tokuno
- Verbal Analysis of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ishizuka
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, Faculty of Health Promotional Science, Tokoha University, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Akifumi Mizutani
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naoki Umemura
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kitani
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ivan J Fuss
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tsukasa Shigehiro
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Harumi Kawaki
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masako Mizuno-Kamiya
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kondoh
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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35
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Song QK, Ren J, Zhou XN, Wang XL, Song GH, Di LJ, Yu J, Hobeika A, Morse MA, Yuan YH, Yang HB, Lyerly HK. The prognostic value of peripheral CD4+CD25+ T lymphocytes among early stage and triple negative breast cancer patients receiving dendritic cells-cytokine induced killer cells infusion. Oncotarget 2016; 6:41350-9. [PMID: 26462021 PMCID: PMC4747410 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of CD4+CD25+ T lymphocyte in peripheral blood among breast cancer patients treated with adoptive T lymphocytes immunotherapy. Methods 217 patients participated in the follow-up study. CD4+CD25+ proportion was measured by flow cytometry in peripheral T cells. The median survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier curve, Log-rank test and Cox hazard proportion regression model, between groups of CD4+CD25+ proportion more than 5% and less than or equal to 5% in peripheral T cells. Results Peripheral CD4+CD25+ T lymphocytes had not a relationship with progression-free survival. It was featured that above 5% peripheral CD4+CD25+ proportion of T cells was related with the median overall survival by a shorten of 51 months (p < 0.05) with the HR 1.65 (95%CI 1.04, 2.62). Above 5% CD4+CD25+proportion of T cells produced the HR to be 1.76 (95%CI 1.07, 2.87) In stage 0-II patients, and 3.59 (95%CI 1.05, 12.29) in triple negative breast cancer patients. Conclusion Cellular immunity restoration recovered by adoptive T cell infusions which resulted in less proportion of peripheral CD4+CD25+T lymphocytes could be a potential prognostic indicator among early stage and triple negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Kun Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 10038, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 10038, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China.,Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Xin-Na Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 10038, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 10038, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Guo-Hong Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Li-Jun Di
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Amy Hobeika
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Michael A Morse
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Yan-Hua Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 10038, China
| | - Hua-Bing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 10038, China
| | - Herbert Kim Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
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36
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Trecate G, Sinues PML, Orlandi R. Noninvasive strategies for breast cancer early detection. Future Oncol 2016; 12:1395-411. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2015-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer screening and presurgical diagnosis are currently based on mammography, ultrasound and more sensitive imaging technologies; however, noninvasive biomarkers represent both a challenge and an opportunity for early detection of cancer. An extensive number of potential breast cancer biomarkers have been discovered by microarray hybridization or sequencing of circulating DNA, noncoding RNA and blood cell RNA; multiplex analysis of immune-related molecules and mass spectrometry-based approaches for high-throughput detection of protein, endogenous peptides, circulating and volatile metabolites. However, their medical relevance and their translation to clinics remain to be exploited. Once they will be fully validated, cancer biomarkers, used in combination with the current and emerging imaging technologies, represent an avenue to a personalized breast cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Trecate
- Department of Imaging Diagnosis & Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Rosaria Orlandi
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology & Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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37
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Niu XL, Wang Y, Yao Z, Duan H, Li Z, Liu W, Zhang H, Deng WM. Autocrine interferon-γ may affect malignant behavior and sensitivity to tamoxifen of MCF-7 via estrogen receptor β subtype. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:3120-30. [PMID: 26397740 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogenic actions of estrogens are mediated by two distinct estrogen receptors (ERs), which are critical in the progression and therapeutic response of breast cancer. ER expression is a dynamic phenomenon that is regulated by numerous factors, including cytokines, in the tumor microenvironment. Recently, studies have shown that autocrine production of IL-4 promotes cancer cell growth and there is negative correlation between tumor IL-4 and hormone receptor levels, suggesting that there is crosstalk between cytokine receptors and ER. Thus, we evaluated for interaction between the two ERs and the cytokines IL-4 and IFN-γ, and if this interaction modulates malignant behavior. We identified that ERβ exerts protective activity in the progression of breast cancer cell line MCF-7, which co-expresses ERα and ERβ. IFN-γ and IL-4 have the opposite effects on malignant biological behavior. Furthermore, we found positive correlation between IFN-γ and ERβ expression in MCF-7. We also determined that autocrine IFN-γ in MCF-7 increases mRNA expression of ERβ resulting in enhanced sensitivity to tamoxifen (TAM). These results indicate that ERβ and autocrine IFN-γ represent two putative targets for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Long Niu
- Department of Immunology of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Diseases and Microenvironment of Ministry of Education of China, Heping, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Heping, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Diseases and Microenvironment of Ministry of Education of China, Heping, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Hongjie Duan
- Department of Immunology of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Diseases and Microenvironment of Ministry of Education of China, Heping, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Department of Immunology of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Diseases and Microenvironment of Ministry of Education of China, Heping, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wenxing Liu
- Department of Immunology of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Diseases and Microenvironment of Ministry of Education of China, Heping, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- Department of Immunology of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Diseases and Microenvironment of Ministry of Education of China, Heping, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wei Min Deng
- Department of Immunology of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Diseases and Microenvironment of Ministry of Education of China, Heping, Tianjin, P.R. China
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38
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Boyle ST, Faulkner JW, McColl SR, Kochetkova M. The chemokine receptor CCR6 facilitates the onset of mammary neoplasia in the MMTV-PyMT mouse model via recruitment of tumor-promoting macrophages. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:115. [PMID: 26047945 PMCID: PMC4464622 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The expression of the chemokine receptor CCR6 has been previously correlated with higher grades and stages of breast cancer and decreased relapse-free survival. Also, its cognate chemokine ligand CCL20 has been reported to induce proliferation of cultured human breast epithelial cells. Methods To establish if CCR6 plays a functional role in mammary tumorigenesis, a bigenic MMTV-PyMT CCR6-null mouse was generated and mammary tumor development was assessed. Levels of tumor-infiltrating immune cells within tumor-bearing mammary glands from MMTV-PyMT Ccr6WT and Ccr6−/− mice were also analyzed. Results Deletion of CCR6 delayed tumor onset, significantly reduced the extent of initial hyperplastic outgrowth, and decreased tumor incidence in PyMT transgenic mice. CCR6 was then shown to promote the recruitment of pro-tumorigenic macrophages to the tumor site, facilitating the onset of neoplasia. Conclusions This study delineated for the first time a role for CCR6 in the development of breast cancer, and demonstrated a critical function for this receptor in maintaining the pro-tumorigenic cancer microenvironment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0394-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T Boyle
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jessica W Faulkner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shaun R McColl
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Centre for Molecular Pathology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Marina Kochetkova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Slattery ML, Lundgreen A, Hines LM, Torres-Mejia G, Wolff RK, Stern MC, John EM. Genetic variation in the JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling pathway influences breast cancer-specific mortality through interaction with cigarette smoking and use of aspirin/NSAIDs: the Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 147:145-58. [PMID: 25104439 PMCID: PMC4167366 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway is involved in immune function and cell growth; genetic variation in this pathway could influence breast cancer risk. We examined 12 genes in the JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling pathway with breast cancer risk and mortality in an admixed population of Hispanic (2,111 cases, 2,597 controls) and non-Hispanic white (1,481 cases, 1,585 controls) women. Associations were assessed by Indigenous American (IA) ancestry. After adjustment for multiple comparisons, JAK1 (three of ten SNPs) and JAK2 (4 of 11 SNPs) interacted with body mass index (BMI) among pre-menopausal women, while STAT3 (four of five SNPs) interacted significantly with BMI among post-menopausal women to alter breast cancer risk. STAT6 rs3024979 and TYK2 rs280519 altered breast cancer-specific mortality among all women. Associations with breast cancer-specific mortality differed by IA ancestry; SOCS1 rs193779, STAT3 rs1026916, and STAT4 rs11685878 associations were limited to women with low IA ancestry, and associations with JAK1 rs2780890, rs2254002, and rs310245 and STAT1 rs11887698 were observed among women with high IA ancestry. JAK2 (5 of 11 SNPs), SOCS2 (one of three SNPs), and STAT4 (2 of 20 SNPs) interacted with cigarette smoking status to alter breast cancer-specific mortality. SOCS2 (one of three SNPs) and all STAT3, STAT5A, and STAT5B SNPs significantly interacted with use of aspirin/NSAIDs to alter breast cancer-specific mortality. Genetic variation in the JAK/STAT/SOCS pathway was associated with breast cancer-specific mortality. The proportion of SNPs within a gene that significantly interacted with lifestyle factors lends support for the observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha L. Slattery
- University of Utah, Department of Medicine, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, UT 84108
| | - Abbie Lundgreen
- University of Utah, Department of Medicine, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, UT 84108
| | - Lisa M. Hines
- University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Department of Biology, Colorado Springs, CO 80918
| | - Gabriela Torres-Mejia
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Av. Universidad No. 655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca Morelos CP 62100
| | - Roger K. Wolff
- University of Utah, Department of Medicine, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, UT 84108
| | - Mariana C. Stern
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Esther M. John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA 94538, and Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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Li J, Wang Z, Mao K, Guo X. Clinical significance of serum T helper 1/T helper 2 cytokine shift in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1682-1686. [PMID: 25202391 PMCID: PMC4156275 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the T helper 1 (Th1)/Th2 cytokine shift and its clinical significance in the peripheral blood and tumor tissues of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. In total, 124 NSCLC patients who were admitted to Xinxiang Central Hospital were selected, along with 124 healthy individuals undergoing physical examination at the same hospital during this period (as controls). ELISA was conducted to detect the Th1 and Th2 cytokine levels in the peripheral blood of patients in the two groups prior to and following radical surgery treatment. In addition, the Th1 and Th2 cytokine levels in the peripheral blood of the observation group were measured following surgery to analyze the correlation between relapse and survival. Compared with the control group, interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-10 concentrations in the peripheral blood of the observation group, prior to and following surgery, were significantly higher, whilst IL-2 and interferon-γ (INF-γ) concentrations were significantly lower (P<0.05). In the observation group, the IL-4 and IL-10 concentrations were significantly decreased following surgery, as compared with prior to surgery (P<0.05), whilst the IL-2 and INF-γ concentrations increased significantly (P<0.05). The one- and three-year cumulative relapse frequencies of patients with postoperative IL-4 abnormalities were significantly increased compared with those in patients with normal IL-4 levels following surgery (P<0.05), and the median survival time and survival rate significantly decreased in patients with postoperative IL-4 abnormalities (P<0.05). In terms of the three-year cumulative relapse rate, median survival time, and one- and three-year cumulative survival rate, patients with postoperative IL-2, IL-10 and INF-γ level abnormalities did not present any statistical significance compared with those without such abnormalities (P>0.05). In conclusion, Th2 cytokines dominate the peripheral blood of NSCLC patients and radical surgery treatment may improve the Th1/Th2 shift in patients. Furthermore, postoperative IL-4 levels were observed to correlate with relapse and the survival rate of patients; therefore, IL-4 may be considered as an auxiliary in the postoperative diagnosis during clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Kai Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Xixi Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
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Boyle ST, Kochetkova M. Breast cancer stem cells and the immune system: promotion, evasion and therapy. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2014; 19:203-11. [PMID: 24997735 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-014-9323-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are believed to be a subset of heterogeneous tumour cells responsible for tumour initiation, growth, local invasion, and metastasis. In breast cancer, numerous factors have been implicated in regulation of cancer stem cells, but there is still a paucity of information regarding precise molecular and cellular mechanisms guiding their pathobiology. Components of both the adaptive and the innate immune system have been shown to play a crucial role in supporting breast cancer growth and spread, and recently some immune mediators, both molecules and cells, have been reported to influence breast cancer stem cell biology. This review summarises a small, pioneering body of evidence for the potentially important function of the "immuniche" in maintaining and supporting breast cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T Boyle
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Yao S, Hong CC, McCann SE, Zirpoli G, Quan L, Gong Z, Johnson CS, Trump DL, Ambrosone CB. Combined effects of circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin d and Th1 and th2 cytokines on breast cancer estrogen receptor status. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:211-25. [PMID: 24473087 PMCID: PMC3980607 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D has been recognized for its immune-modulating properties. We have previously found that levels of 25OHD, and cytokines including IL5, IFNα2, and TNFα, are also associated with estrogen receptor (ER) negative breast cancer in younger women. Thus, we hypothesized that there may be interactions between vitamin D and the immune system in influencing breast cancer ER status, which was tested in 490 women with incident breast cancer. There was no correlation of the levels of 25OHD with any cytokine, and their associations with tumor ER negative status were independent of each other. However, premenopausal women with low 25OHD and high TNFα levels had the highest likelihood of having ER negative cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 7.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.44-21.98), with evidence of synergy between the two (relative excess risk due to interaction [RERI] = 5.46, p for additive interaction = 0.14, and p for multiplicative interaction = 0.09). There were similar synergistic associations between 25OHD and IL5, and several IFNα2 to Th2 cytokine ratios. This is the first study to provide evidence of interactions between vitamin D and the immune system in relation to breast cancer ER status, which may inform combinational use of vitamin D and anti-inflammatory drugs for cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Chi-Chen Hong
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Susan E McCann
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Gary Zirpoli
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Lei Quan
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Zhihong Gong
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Candace S Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Donald L Trump
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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A collaborative study of the etiology of breast cancer subtypes in African American women: the AMBER consortium. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 25:309-19. [PMID: 24343304 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, with at least five intrinsic subtypes defined by molecular characteristics. Tumors that express the estrogen receptor (ER+) have better outcomes than ER- tumors, due in part to the success of hormonal therapies that target ER+ tumors. The incidence of ER- breast cancer, and the subset of ER- cancers that are basal-like, is about twice as high among African American (AA) women as among US women of European descent (EA). This disparity appears to explain, in part, the disproportionately high mortality from breast cancer that occurs in AA women. Epidemiologic research on breast cancer in AA women lags behind research in EA women. Here, we review differences in the etiology of breast cancer subtypes among AA women and describe a new consortium of ongoing studies of breast cancer in AA women. METHODS We combined samples and data from four large epidemiologic studies of breast cancer in AA women, two cohort and two case-control, creating the African American Breast Cancer Epidemiology and Risk consortium. Tumor tissue is obtained and stored in tissue microarrays, with assays of molecular markers carried out at a pathology core. Genotyping, carried out centrally, includes a whole exome SNP array and over 180,000 custom SNPs for fine-mapping of genome-wide association studies loci and candidate pathways. RESULTS To date, questionnaire data from 5,739 breast cancer cases and 14,273 controls have been harmonized. Genotyping of the first 3,200 cases and 3,700 controls is underway, with a total of 6,000 each expected by the end of the study period. CONCLUSIONS The new consortium will likely have sufficient statistical power to assess potential risk factors, both genetic and non-genetic, in relation to specific subtypes of breast cancer in AA women.
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Quan L, Gong Z, Yao S, Bandera EV, Zirpoli G, Hwang H, Roberts M, Ciupak G, Davis W, Sucheston L, Pawlish K, Bovbjerg DH, Jandorf L, Cabasag C, Coignet JG, Ambrosone CB, Hong CC. Cytokine and cytokine receptor genes of the adaptive immune response are differentially associated with breast cancer risk in American women of African and European ancestry. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:1408-21. [PMID: 23996684 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Disparities in breast cancer biology are evident between American women of African ancestry (AA) and European ancestry (EA) and may be due, in part, to differences in immune function. To assess the potential role of constitutional host immunity on breast carcinogenesis, we tested associations between breast cancer risk and 47 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 26 cytokine-related genes of the adaptive immune system using 650 EA (n = 335 cases) and 864 AA (n = 458 cases) women from the Women's Circle of Health Study (WCHS). With additional participant accrual to the WCHS, promising SNPs from the initial analysis were evaluated in a larger sample size (1,307 EAs and 1,365 AAs). Multivariate logistic regression found SNPs in genes important for T helper type 1 (Th1) immunity (IFNGR2 rs1059293, IL15RA rs2296135, LTA rs1041981), Th2 immunity (IL4R rs1801275), and T regulatory cell-mediated immunosuppression (TGFB1 rs1800469) associated with breast cancer risk, mainly among AAs. The combined effect of these five SNPs was highly significant among AAs (P-trend = 0.0005). When stratified by estrogen receptor (ER) status, LTA rs1041981 was associated with ER-positive breast cancers among EAs and marginally among AAs. Only among AA women, IL15 rs10833 and IL15RA rs2296135 were associated with ER-positive tumors, and IL12RB1 rs375947, IL15 rs10833 and TGFB1 rs1800469 were associated with ER-negative tumors. Our study systematically identified genetic variants in the adaptive immune response pathway associated with breast cancer risk, which appears to differ by ancestry groups, menopausal status and ER status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Quan
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
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