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Wen CCY, Cherian D, Schenker MT, Jordan AS. Fatigue and Sleep in Airline Cabin Crew: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2652. [PMID: 36768014 PMCID: PMC9916232 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Airline cabin crew operate in dynamic work environments that are continuously changing, from unpredictable shift work hours to travelling through multiple time zones. These likely impact cabin crews' overall health and may affect their performance on safety-related tasks. Research on this population has been limited; therefore, the aim was to summarise the relevant literature regarding fatigue, sleepiness and mental health of cabin crew. This review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and conducted a systematic search utilising five databases. The initial search identified 1223 studies, and through vigorous screening processes, 27 studies were selected for this review. Over half of the selected studies focused on international or long-haul flights, and a large proportion of the sample participants were women. Findings suggested a high prevalence of fatigue and sleepiness as well as unsatisfactory sleep quality with elevated susceptibility to sleep disorders. Factors identified with health outcomes were associated with flight operations (e.g., rosters) and individual differences (e.g., age and coping strategies). Regarding mental health, cabin crews are potentially at a greater risk for depression and anxiety compared to the general public. This review draws attention to the importance of using a standardised approach, such as validated measures for fair and consistent inferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice C. Y. Wen
- John Trinder Sleep Laboratory, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Darsh Cherian
- John Trinder Sleep Laboratory, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Maya T. Schenker
- John Trinder Sleep Laboratory, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Amy S. Jordan
- John Trinder Sleep Laboratory, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
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2
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Blytt KM, Bjorvatn B, Moen BE, Pallesen S, Harris A, Waage S. The association between shift work disorder and turnover intention among nurses. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:143. [PMID: 35668393 PMCID: PMC9169346 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-00928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shift work disorder (SWD) is highly prevalent among shift-working nurses and has multiple negative health-related effects. There is a dearth of insight into career-related decisions made by nurses suffering from SWD, for instance in terms of their intention to quit work (turnover intention). In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between SWD and turnover intention among nurses, and the individual and work-related correlates of turnover intention. Method Data were derived from the ongoing longitudinal cohort study “SUrvey of Shift work, Sleep and Health (SUSSH)” among Norwegian nurses. An annual survey was initiated in 2008/2009 (N = 2965). The present study used data collected in year 2015 (wave 7) and 2016 (wave 8). Nurses were included if: 1) they were working as nurses in both 2015 and 2016, and 2) had completed a three-item scale adapted from the Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire assessing turnover intention (in wave 8), and 3) did not only work day-shifts. SWD was measured in wave 7 with three questions based on the minimal criteria from the third edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders. Job demands, decision latitude, and social support at the workplace were measured with subscales of the Swedish Demand-Control-Support Questionnaire. Results Eight Hundred eighty-nine nurses were included. The results from the hierarchical linear regression showed that SWD predicted turnover intention one year later, i.e. from 2015 to 2016 (F1,835 = 6.00, p < 0.05; β = 0.084, p = 0.015). The findings remained significant when controlling for age, sex, organizational tenure, number of nights worked, shift work schedule and workplace social support, job demands and decision latitude. Conclusion This study showed that SWD is associated with turnover intention, even when controlling for individual and work-related variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjersti Marie Blytt
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 7030, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Bjørn Bjorvatn
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bente E Moen
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Optentia, the Vaal Triangle Campus of the North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Anette Harris
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Siri Waage
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Liu FC, Veierød MB, Kjærheim K, Robsahm TE, Ghiasvand R, Hosgood HD, Samuelsen SO, Bråtveit M, Kirkeleit J, Rothman N, Lan Q, Silverman DT, Friesen MC, Babigumira R, Shala N, Grimsrud TK, Stenehjem JS. Night shift work, chemical coexposures and risk of female breast cancer in the Norwegian Offshore Petroleum Workers (NOPW) cohort: a prospectively recruited case-cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056396. [PMID: 35074823 PMCID: PMC8788313 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the association between night shift work and risk of breast cancer, overall and by hormone receptor subtype, among females in the Norwegian Offshore Petroleum Workers (NOPW) cohort. We also examined the association of coexposure (chlorinated degreasers and benzene) and breast cancer risk, and possible interaction with work schedule. DESIGN Prospectively recruited case-cohort study within the NOPW cohort. SETTING Female offshore petroleum workers active on the Norwegian continental shelf. PARTICIPANTS 600 female workers (86 cases and 514 non-cases) were included in the study. We excluded workers that died or emigrated before start of follow-up, had missing work history, were diagnosed with breast cancer or other prior malignancy (except non-melanoma skin cancer) before start of follow-up. RESULTS No overall association was found between breast cancer risk and work schedule (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.46 for work schedule involving night shift vs day shift only). There was no significant association between work schedule and risk of any breast cancer subtype. No significant interactions were found between work schedule and chemical coexposures (breast cancer overall Pinteraction chlorinated degreasers=0.725 and Pinteraction benzene=0.175). CONCLUSIONS Our results did not provide supporting evidence that work schedule involving night shift affects breast cancer risk in female offshore petroleum workers, but should be considered cautiously due to few cases. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chih Liu
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Reza Ghiasvand
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Dean Hosgood
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Magne Bråtveit
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Universitetet i Bergen Det medisinsk-odontologiske fakultet, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jorunn Kirkeleit
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Universitetet i Bergen Det medisinsk-odontologiske fakultet, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Melissa C Friesen
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Nita Shala
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom K Grimsrud
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
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Stenger S, Grasshoff H, Hundt JE, Lange T. Potential effects of shift work on skin autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1000951. [PMID: 36865523 PMCID: PMC9972893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1000951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Shift work is associated with systemic chronic inflammation, impaired host and tumor defense and dysregulated immune responses to harmless antigens such as allergens or auto-antigens. Thus, shift workers are at higher risk to develop a systemic autoimmune disease and circadian disruption with sleep impairment seem to be the key underlying mechanisms. Presumably, disturbances of the sleep-wake cycle also drive skin-specific autoimmune diseases, but epidemiological and experimental evidence so far is scarce. This review summarizes the effects of shift work, circadian misalignment, poor sleep, and the effect of potential hormonal mediators such as stress mediators or melatonin on skin barrier functions and on innate and adaptive skin immunity. Human studies as well as animal models were considered. We will also address advantages and potential pitfalls in animal models of shift work, and possible confounders that could drive skin autoimmune diseases in shift workers such as adverse lifestyle habits and psychosocial influences. Finally, we will outline feasible countermeasures that may reduce the risk of systemic and skin autoimmunity in shift workers, as well as treatment options and highlight outstanding questions that should be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stenger
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hanna Grasshoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jennifer Elisabeth Hundt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tanja Lange
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Does chronic jet lag increase risk of cancer? Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:21810-21811. [PMID: 34586082 PMCID: PMC8507272 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sadeghniiat-Haghighi K, Mehrabinejad MM, Hajighaderi A, Najafi A, Rahimi-Golkhandan A, Zahabi A. Shift Work Disorder, Insomnia, and Depression among Offshore Oil Rig Workers. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2021; 16:162-167. [PMID: 34221042 PMCID: PMC8233558 DOI: 10.18502/ijps.v16i2.5817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Numerous offshore jobs require 24-hour tasks, such as in industrial workplaces (eg, oil rigs). The purpose of this study was to assess shift work disorder (SWD), insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and depression among Iranian offshore oil rig workers in different shift schedules. Method : This cross-sectional study was conducted on Iranian offshore oil workers at the Persian Gulf. A questionnaire package consisted of Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI- II), and SWD filled. The scores were calculated among different groups of shift schedules (fixed-day, fixed-night, swing and standby shift workers). ISI, BDI-II, and ESS scores were also compared between individuals with or without SWD. Results: A total of 188 participants were recruited in the study, and all were male. The mean age was 37.06 ± 9.2 years. Among different shift schedules, the highest and lowest ISI and ESS scores were related to fixed-night shifts workers and fixed-day shift workers, respectively. ISI, ESS, and BDI mean scores in different shift schedules were not significantly different (p values = 0.14, 0.57, and 0.93, respectively). SWD was diagnosed in 57 (30.3%) of studied shift workers. The difference between SWD prevalence was not significant between different shift schedules (P value =0.13). Workers with SWD had higher ISI, ESS, and BDI-II score (P values <0.0001, <0.0001, and <0.0001, respectively) and workers without SWD had higher job satisfaction (p value = 0.04). Conclusion: SWD is considered as a serious health-related issue in Persian Gulf oil rig shift workers. Insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and depression are associated with SWD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad-Mehdi Mehrabinejad
- Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Hajighaderi
- Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezu Najafi
- Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ania Rahimi-Golkhandan
- Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Zahabi
- Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research and Technology Department, National Iranian Drilling Company (NIDC), Ahvaz, Iran
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Anvekar AP, Nathan EA, Doherty DA, Patole SK. Effect of shift work on fatigue and sleep in neonatal registrars. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245428. [PMID: 33444333 PMCID: PMC7808639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to study fatigue and sleep in registrars working 12-hour rotating shifts in our tertiary neonatal intensive unit. METHODS AND PARTICIPANTS This study involved neonatal registrar's working day (08:00-21:00) and night (20:30-08:30) shifts. Participants maintained a sleep diary, answered a self-reported sleepiness questionnaire assessing subjective sleepiness, and performed a 10-minute psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) at the start and end of each shift. Primary outcomes: (1) Fatigue at the (i) "start vs end" of day and night shifts, (ii) end of the "day vs night" shifts, and (iii) end of "first vs last shift" in block of day and night shifts. (2) Duration and quality of sleep before the "day vs night" shifts. Mean reaction time (RTM), relative coefficient of variation (RTCV), and lapses (reaction time > 500ms) were used as measures of fatigue on PVT. Secondary outcome: Subjective sleepiness (self-reported sleepiness questionnaire) at the 'start vs end" of day and night shifts. RESULTS Fifteen registrars completed the study. Acuity was comparable for all shifts. (1) Psychomotor responses were impaired at the end vs start of day shifts [RTM (p = 0.014), lapses (p = 0.001)], end vs start of night shifts [RTM (p = 0.007), RTCV (p = 0.003), lapses (p<0.001)] and end of night vs day shifts [RTM (p = 0.007), RTCV (p = 0.046), lapses (p = 0.001)]. Only lapses were significantly increased at the end of the last (p = 0.013) vs first shift (p = 0.009) in a block of day and night shifts. (2) Duration of sleep before the night (p = 0.019) and consecutive night shifts was decreased significantly (p = 0.034). Subjective sleepiness worsened after day (p = 0.014) and night shifts (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Fatigue worsened after the 12-hour day and night shifts with a greater change after night shifts. Lapses increased after block of day and night shifts. Sleep was decreased before night shifts. Our findings need to be confirmed in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay P. Anvekar
- Department of Neonatal Paediatrics, Perth Children Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Nathan
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, KEM Hospital for Women, Perth, Australia
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Dorota A. Doherty
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, KEM Hospital for Women, Perth, Australia
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Sanjay K. Patole
- Department of Neonatal Paediatrics, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Wen CCY, Nicholas CL, Clarke-Errey S, Howard ME, Trinder J, Jordan AS. Health Risks and Potential Predictors of Fatigue and Sleepiness in Airline Cabin Crew. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010013. [PMID: 33375088 PMCID: PMC7792809 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: Aviation pilots and cabin crew regularly undertake shift work, and may experience circadian disruption, restricted sleep, sleepiness and impaired health. Research on aviation fatigue and sleepiness has focused on pilots, with less being known about cabin crew. This study aimed to identify likely predictors of fatigue, sleepiness, shift work disorder (SWD) and depression in cabin crew. Methods: An online anonymous survey was distributed to active cabin crew around the world. It measured sleepiness, fatigue, and screened for insomnia, depression and SWD. Information on individuals’ habits and work schedules were collected. Results: 930 valid responses were analysed. 63.5% of the sample had abnormal levels of fatigue and 46.9% experienced excessive daytime sleepiness. 68.0% were at risk for SWD, 57.7% screened positive for insomnia, and 40.0% for depression. Caffeine and use of alcohol and drugs for sleep were independently associated with insomnia and SWD (p < 0.05), whereas, type of route (international, domestic, both) and number of duty days per week predicted fatigue (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Cabin crew had a high prevalence of fatigue, sleepiness and elevated risk for SWD, insomnia and depression. Many cabin crew engaged in behaviours detrimental to good sleep hygiene, highlighting targets for future interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice C. Y. Wen
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (C.L.N.); (M.E.H.); (J.T.); (A.S.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Christian L. Nicholas
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (C.L.N.); (M.E.H.); (J.T.); (A.S.J.)
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Sandy Clarke-Errey
- Statistical Consulting Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Mark E. Howard
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (C.L.N.); (M.E.H.); (J.T.); (A.S.J.)
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - John Trinder
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (C.L.N.); (M.E.H.); (J.T.); (A.S.J.)
| | - Amy S. Jordan
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (C.L.N.); (M.E.H.); (J.T.); (A.S.J.)
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
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El-Benhawy SA, El-Tahan RA, Nakhla SF. Exposure to Radiation During Work Shifts and Working at Night Act as Occupational Stressors Alter Redox and Inflammatory Markers. Arch Med Res 2020; 52:76-83. [PMID: 33039210 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of breast cancer etiology suggest evidence that night shift working and occupational exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) are defined risk factors for breast cancer development. There are few studies to clarify neuroendocrine and inflammatory status and the possible consequences particularly in occupational exposure. AIM OF THE STUDY Our aim was to associate the redox and inflammatory biomarkers with either nightshift working or occupational radiation exposure, and to compare their levels between the two groups at Alexandria University Hospitals, Alexandria, Egypt. METHODS We included 150 female nurses at Alexandria University Hospitals: 50 nightshift workers, 50 radiation workers, and 50 dayshift workers as a control group (neither work nightly nor radiation workers). In morning serum sample (7 am), we measured the concentrations of serum melatonin, Cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) by ELISA; malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels colorimetrically, and C-reactive protein (C-RP) levels by turbidimetric method. RESULTS Nightshift workers had significantly lower levels of melatonin and TAC, and higher levels of serum inflammatory markers and cortisol, than day shift control group of workers. Workers occupationally exposed to IR had significantly higher levels of serum melatonin, MDA and inflammatory markers, lower levels of serum cortisol, and lower TAC than day shift workers. CONCLUSION Occupational exposure to IR and working nightly alter circulating redox and inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa A El-Benhawy
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rasha A El-Tahan
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Sameh F Nakhla
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Abstract
At the core of human thought, for the majority of individuals in the developed nations at least, there is the tacit assumption that as a species we are unfettered by the demands imposed by our biology and that we can do what we want, at whatever time we choose, whereas in reality every aspect of our physiology and behaviour is constrained by a 24 h beat arising from deep within our evolution. Our daily circadian rhythms and sleep/wake cycle allow us to function optimally in a dynamic world, adjusting our biology to the demands imposed by the day/night cycle. The themes developed in this review focus upon the growing realization that we ignore the circadian and sleep systems at our peril, and this paper considers the mechanisms that generate and regulate circadian and sleep systems; what happens mechanistically when these systems collapse as a result of societal pressures and disease; how sleep disruption and stress are linked; why sleep disruption and mental illness invariably occur together; and how individuals and employers can attempt to mitigate some of the problems associated with working against our internal temporal biology. While some of the health costs of sleep disruption can be reduced, in the short-term at least, there will always be significant negative consequences associated with shift work and sleep loss. With this in mind, society needs to address this issue and decide when the consequences of sleep disruption are justified in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell G. Foster
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi) and Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, OMPI, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
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11
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Melatonin Relations with Energy Metabolism as Possibly Involved in Fatal Mountain Road Traffic Accidents. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062184. [PMID: 32235717 PMCID: PMC7139848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous results evidenced acute exposure to high altitude (HA) weakening the relation between daily melatonin cycle and the respiratory quotient. This review deals with the threat extreme environments pose on body time order, particularly concerning energy metabolism. Working at HA, at poles, or in space challenge our ancestral inborn body timing system. This conflict may also mark many aspects of our current lifestyle, involving shift work, rapid time zone crossing, and even prolonged office work in closed buildings. Misalignments between external and internal rhythms, in the short term, traduce into risk of mental and physical performance shortfalls, mood changes, quarrels, drug and alcohol abuse, failure to accomplish with the mission and, finally, high rates of fatal accidents. Relations of melatonin with energy metabolism being altered under a condition of hypoxia focused our attention on interactions of the indoleamine with redox state, as well as, with autonomic regulations. Individual tolerance/susceptibility to such interactions may hint at adequately dealing with body timing disorders under extreme conditions.
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Night Shift Work-A Risk Factor for Breast Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17020659. [PMID: 31968538 PMCID: PMC7013618 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Shift work is considered a risk factor for some health problems. This study aimed to determine whether night shift work is a significant factor for breast cancer risk. The case-control study was conducted from 2015-2019 in the Łódź region. The case group included 494 women diagnosed with malignant breast cancer; the control group included 515 healthy women. The research tool was an anonymous questionnaire. In the case group, the percentage of women working shift work was 51.9%, whereas in the control group, it was 34.1% (OR = 2.08 (95% CI: 1.61; 2.69)). A more insightful examination of shift work showed that only night work has a significant impact on breast cancer (OR = 2.61 (95% CI: 1.94; 3.53)). Even after considering the effect of other possible cancer factors (like high BMI, smoking, early menstruation, late menopause, pregnancy history, age, place of living, education), the odds of developing cancer were twice as high in the group of shift workers (OR = 2.20 (95% CI: 1.57; 3.08)). Considering a significantly higher risk of cancer among people working at night and a high percentage of such employees in Poland, the government should consider special action in the prophylactic treatment of cancers.
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Wahl S, Engelhardt M, Schaupp P, Lappe C, Ivanov IV. The inner clock-Blue light sets the human rhythm. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900102. [PMID: 31433569 PMCID: PMC7065627 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Visible light synchronizes the human biological clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus to the solar 24-hour cycle. Short wavelengths, perceived as blue color, are the strongest synchronizing agent for the circadian system that keeps most biological and psychological rhythms internally synchronized. Circadian rhythm is important for optimum function of organisms and circadian sleep-wake disruptions or chronic misalignment often may lead to psychiatric and neurodegenerative illness. The beneficial effect on circadian synchronization, sleep quality, mood, and cognitive performance depends not only on the light spectral composition but also on the timing of exposure and its intensity. Exposure to blue light during the day is important to suppress melatonin secretion, the hormone that is produced by the pineal gland and plays crucial role in circadian rhythm entrainment. While the exposure to blue is important for keeping organism's wellbeing, alertness, and cognitive performance during the day, chronic exposure to low-intensity blue light directly before bedtime, may have serious implications on sleep quality, circadian phase and cycle durations. This rises inevitably the need for solutions to improve wellbeing, alertness, and cognitive performance in today's modern society where exposure to blue light emitting devices is ever increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried Wahl
- Institute for Ophthalmic ResearchUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbHAalenGermany
| | - Moritz Engelhardt
- Institute for Ophthalmic ResearchUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | | | | | - Iliya V. Ivanov
- Institute for Ophthalmic ResearchUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbHAalenGermany
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Qi F, Li X, Peng B, Hou W, Yu H, Li X, Yang S, Jiang Z, Cheng S, Liu Y, Wang Y, Xiao J, Guo H, Wang Z. The impaction of clock-knockdown on autophagy in 4T1 breast cancer cells. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1548879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Qi
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Bo Peng
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Wang Hou
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Hang Yu
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xuepei Li
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Shuhong Yang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Shuting Cheng
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yanyou Liu
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Huiling Guo
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Zhengrong Wang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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Hassan A, Ahmad J, Ashraf H, Ali A. Modeling and analysis of the impacts of jet lag on circadian rhythm and its role in tumor growth. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4877. [PMID: 29892500 PMCID: PMC5994163 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms maintain a 24 h oscillation pattern in metabolic, physiological and behavioral processes in all living organisms. Circadian rhythms are organized as biochemical networks located in hypothalamus and peripheral tissues. Rhythmicity in the expression of circadian clock genes plays a vital role in regulating the process of cell division and DNA damage control. The oncogenic protein, MYC and the tumor suppressor, p53 are directly influenced by the circadian clock. Jet lag and altered sleep/wake schedules prominently affect the expression of molecular clock genes. This study is focused on developing a Petri net model to analyze the impacts of long term jet lag on the circadian clock and its probable role in tumor progression. The results depict that jet lag disrupts the normal rhythmic behavior and expression of the circadian clock proteins. This disruption leads to persistent expression of MYC and suppressed expression of p53. Thus, it is inferred that jet lag altered circadian clock negatively affects the expressions of cell cycle regulatory genes and contribute in uncontrolled proliferation of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azka Hassan
- Research Center for Modeling and Simulation (RCMS), National University of Scinces and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- Research Center for Modeling and Simulation (RCMS), National University of Scinces and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hufsah Ashraf
- Research Center for Modeling and Simulation (RCMS), National University of Scinces and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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16
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Li X, Wang S, Yang S, Ying J, Yu H, Yang C, Liu Y, Wang Y, Cheng S, Xiao J, Guo H, Jiang Z, Wang Z. Circadian locomotor output cycles kaput affects the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells by regulating the expression of E-cadherin via IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7097-7103. [PMID: 29731875 PMCID: PMC5920822 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm regulates numerous physiological activities, including sleep and wakefulness, behavior, immunity and metabolism. Previous studies have demonstrated that circadian rhythm disorder is associated with the occurrence of tumors. Responsible for regulating a number of functions, the Circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock) gene is one of the core regulatory genes of circadian rhythm. The Clock gene has also been implicated in the occurrence and development of tumors in previously studies. The present study evaluated the role of the Clock gene in the proliferation and migration of mouse breast cancer 4T1 cells, and investigated its possible regulatory pathways and mechanisms. It was reported that downregulation of Clock facilitated the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. Further investigation revealed the involvement of IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) protein expression in the Clock regulatory pathway, further influencing the expression of E-cadherin, a known proprietor of tumor cell migration and invasion. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to report that Clock, acting through the regulation of the scaffolding protein IQGAP1, regulates the downstream expression of E-cadherin, thereby affecting tumor cell structure and motility. These results confirmed the role of Clock in breast cancer tumor etiology and provide insight regarding the molecular avenues of its regulatory nature, which may translate beyond breast cancer into other known functions of the gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Li
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Siyang Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shuhong Yang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Ying
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hang Yu
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chunlei Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yanyou Liu
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shuting Cheng
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Huiling Guo
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhengrong Wang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Rhéaume A, Mullen J. The impact of long work hours and shift work on cognitive errors in nurses. J Nurs Manag 2017; 26:26-32. [PMID: 28857317 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Pilot study to examine the impact of long work hours and shift work on cognitive errors in nurses. BACKGROUND Twelve-hour shifts are more commonly used in hospital settings and there is growing concern over the impact that extended and irregular work hours have on nurses' well-being and performance. METHOD Twenty-eight nurses working different shifts (8-hr days and 12-hr rotation) participated in this study. Nurses were assessed at the beginning of four consecutive shifts using actigraphy, a sleep diary and an after work questionnaire. RESULTS Nurses working 12-hr rotations had less total sleep time and less sleep efficiency than 8-hr day nurses. Twelve-hour rotation nurses also napped more than their counterparts. There were no differences between the two groups with respect to cognitive errors. CONCLUSIONS Twelve-hour rotations have a negative effect on nurses' sleep patterns. There is no evidence indicating 12-hr rotations increased errors. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Nurse managers can implement specific strategies, such as greater shift work flexibility and designated quiet time, to reduce the effects of disturbed sleep patterns in nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Rhéaume
- School of Nursing, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Jane Mullen
- Department of Commerce, Ron Joyce Center for Business Studies, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada
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18
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Corrà S, Salvadori R, Bee L, Barbieri V, Mognato M. Analysis of DNA-damage response to ionizing radiation in serum-shock synchronized human fibroblasts. Cell Biol Toxicol 2017; 33:373-388. [PMID: 28466226 PMCID: PMC5493713 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-017-9394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Many aspects of cellular physiology, including cellular response to genotoxic stress, are related to the circadian rhythmicity induced by the molecular clock. The current study investigated if the cellular response to DNA damage is in relation to endogenous expression levels of the PER2 protein, a key component of the molecular regulatory system that confers rhythmicity in mammalian cells. Human normal fibroblasts (CCD-34Lu) were subjected to serum shock to induce circadian oscillations of the PER2 protein and then irradiated with γ- rays at times corresponding to the trough and peak expression of the PER2 protein. To better examine cellular response to DNA damage, the experiments performed in this study were carried out in non-proliferating CCD-34Lu fibroblasts in order to maintain the cell and circadian cycles separated while they were being exposed to genotoxic stress. Study results demonstrated that clonogenic cell survival, double-strand break repair kinetics, and TP53 protein levels were affected in the cells irradiated at the trough than in those irradiated at peak expression of the PER2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Corrà
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58 B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Salvadori
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58 B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bee
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58 B, 35131, Padova, Italy.,Menarini Silicon Biosystems, 10355 Science Center Dr #210, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Vito Barbieri
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenteric Sciences, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2, Padova, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mognato
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58 B, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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19
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The impact of daytime light exposures on sleep and mood in office workers. Sleep Health 2017; 3:204-215. [PMID: 28526259 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND By affecting the internal timing mechanisms of the brain, light regulates human physiology and behavior, perhaps most notably the sleep-wake cycle. Humans spend over 90% of their waking hours indoors, yet light in the built environment is not designed to affect circadian rhythms. OBJECTIVE Using a device calibrated to measure light that is effective for the circadian system (circadian-effective light), collect personal light exposures in office workers and relate them to their sleep and mood. SETTING The research was conducted in 5 buildings managed by the US General Services Administration. PARTICIPANTS This study recruited 109 participants (69 females), of whom 81 (54 females) participated in both winter and summer. MEASUREMENTS Self-reported measures of mood and sleep, and objective measures of circadian-effective light and activity rhythms were collected for 7 consecutive days. RESULTS Compared to office workers receiving low levels of circadian-effective light in the morning, receiving high levels in the morning is associated with reduced sleep onset latency (especially in winter), increased phasor magnitudes (a measure of circadian entrainment), and increased sleep quality. High levels of circadian-effective light during the entire day are also associated with increased phasor magnitudes, reduced depression, and increased sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS The present study is the first to measure personal light exposures in office workers using a calibrated device that measures circadian-effective light and relate those light measures to mood, stress, and sleep. The study's results underscore the importance of daytime light exposures for sleep health.
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20
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Heckman CJ, Kloss JD, Feskanich D, Culnan E, Schernhammer ES. Associations among rotating night shift work, sleep and skin cancer in Nurses' Health Study II participants. Occup Environ Med 2017; 74:169-175. [PMID: 27663986 PMCID: PMC5316344 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-103783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Night shift work and sleep duration have been associated with breast and other cancers. Results from the few prior studies of night shift work and skin cancer risk have been mixed and not fully accounted for other potentially important health-related variables (eg, sleep characteristics). This study evaluated the relationship between rotating night shift work and skin cancer risk and included additional skin cancer risk factors and sleep-related variables. METHODS The current study used data from 74 323 Nurses' Health Study (NHS) II participants. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% CIs for skin cancers across categories of shift work and sleep duration. RESULTS Over 10 years of follow-up, 4308 basal cell carcinoma (BCC), 334 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 212 melanoma cases were identified. Longer duration of rotating night shifts was associated with a linear decline in risk of BCC (HR=0.93, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.97 per 5-year increase). Shift work was not significantly associated with either melanoma (HR=1.02, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.21) or SCC (HR=0.92, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.06). A short sleep duration (≤6 hours per day) was associated with lower risks of melanoma (HR=0.68, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.98) and BCC (HR=0.93, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.00) compared with the most common report of 7 hours. SCC was not associated with duration of sleep (HR=0.94, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.06). CONCLUSIONS Longer duration of rotating night shift work and shorter sleep duration were associated with lower risk of some skin cancers. Further research is needed to confirm and identify the mechanisms underlying these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J. Heckman
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Jacqueline D. Kloss
- Department of Psychology, Stratton Hall, 3201 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Diane Feskanich
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth Culnan
- Department of Psychology, Stratton Hall, 3201 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eva S. Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Sultan A, Choudhary V, Parganiha A. Worsening of rest-activity circadian rhythm and quality of life in female breast cancer patients along progression of chemotherapy cycles. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:609-623. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1286501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Armiya Sultan
- Chronobiology and Animal Behavior Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Vivek Choudhary
- Regional Cancer Center, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Memorial Hospital, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Arti Parganiha
- Chronobiology and Animal Behavior Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
- Center for Translational Chronobiology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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22
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Yasuda MT, Sakakibara H, Shimoi K. Estrogen- and stress-induced DNA damage in breast cancer and chemoprevention with dietary flavonoid. Genes Environ 2017; 39:10. [PMID: 28163803 PMCID: PMC5286800 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-016-0071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed female cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Multiple factors are responsible for breast cancer and heritable factors have received much attention. DNA damage in breast cancer is induced by prolonged exposure to estrogens, such as 17β-estradiol, daily social/psychological stressors, and environmental chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic amines (HCAs). DNA damage induced by estrogen and stress is an important factor in the pathogenesis and development of breast cancer and is now recognized as a critical provision for chemoprevention of breast cancer. In this review, we summarize the relationships between estrogen- and stress-induced DNA damage with regard to the pathogenesis and development of breast cancer. We also discuss recent investigations into chemoprevention using dietary flavonoids such as quercetin and isoflavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko T Yasuda
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakakibara
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Japan
| | - Kayoko Shimoi
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526 Japan
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23
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Sultan A, Choudhary V, Parganiha A. Monitoring of rest-activity rhythm in cancer patients paves the way for the adoption of patient-specific chronotherapeutic approach. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2016.1251912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Zhang S, Zhang J, Deng Z, Liu H, Mao W, Jiang F, Xia Z, Li JD. Circadian clock components RORα and Bmal1 mediate the anti-proliferative effect of MLN4924 in osteosarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:66087-66099. [PMID: 27602774 PMCID: PMC5323217 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer small molecule MLN4924, a Nedd8-activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor, triggers cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence in cancer cells. In this study, we demonstrate that MLN4924 suppresses osteosarcoma cell proliferation by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Our results indicate that MLN4924 stabilizes the retinoid orphan nuclear receptor alpha (RORα) by decreasing its ubiquitination. RNA interference of RORα attenuates the anti-proliferative effect of MLN4924 in U2OS osteosarcoma cells. MLN4924 up-regulates the expression of p21 and Bmal1, two transcriptional targets of RORα. However, p21 plays a minimal role in the anti-proliferative effect of MLN4924 in U2OS osteosarcoma cells. In contrast, Bmal1 suppression by siRNA attenuates the anti-proliferative effect of MLN4924 in U2OS osteosarcoma cells, indicating that the MLN4924-mediated cell growth inhibition is mediated by Bmal1. These results show MLN4924 to be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of osteosarcoma and suggest that MLN4924-induced tumor growth inhibition is mediated by the circadian clock components RORα and Bmal1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuju Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Zhiyuan Deng
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Huadie Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Wei Mao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Fang Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Zanxian Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jia-Da Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
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25
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Sabino FC, de Oliveira JA, Pedrazzoli M. Per3 expression in different tissues of Cebus apella. Sleep Sci 2016; 9:262-265. [PMID: 28154738 PMCID: PMC5279932 DOI: 10.1016/j.slsci.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a study of Per3 expression in six different tissues of the non-human primate Cebus apella (capuchin monkey). The aim of this study was to verify whether the expression of the Per3 gene in different tissues of capuchin monkey occurs in a circadian pattern, its phase and the phase relationships between these different tissues during the 24 h of a day. We observed that gene expression oscillated in all of the tissues studied during this time period, although only the liver and muscle presented a robust circadian pattern. This preliminary study highlights the possibility of using Cebus apella as a model to study circadian rhythms at the gene expression level and opens an opportunity for future researches.
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26
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Ball LJ, Palesh O, Kriegsfeld LJ. The Pathophysiologic Role of Disrupted Circadian and Neuroendocrine Rhythms in Breast Carcinogenesis. Endocr Rev 2016; 37:450-466. [PMID: 27712099 PMCID: PMC5045494 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most physiological processes in the brain and body exhibit daily (circadian) rhythms coordinated by an endogenous master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus that are essential for normal health and functioning. Exposure to sunlight during the day and darkness at night optimally entrains biological rhythms to promote homeostasis and human health. Unfortunately, a major consequence of the modern lifestyle is increased exposure to sun-free environments during the day and artificial lighting at night. Additionally, behavioral disruptions to circadian rhythms (ie, repeated transmeridian flights, night or rotating shift work, or sleep disturbances) have a profound influence on health and have been linked to a number of pathological conditions, including endocrine-dependent cancers. Specifically, night shift work has been identified as a significant risk factor for breast cancer in industrialized countries. Several mechanisms have been proposed by which shift work-induced circadian disruptions promote cancer. In this review, we examine the importance of the brain-body link through which circadian disruptions contribute to endocrine-dependent diseases, including breast carcinogenesis, by negatively impacting neuroendocrine and neuroimmune cells, and we consider preventive measures directed at maximizing circadian health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonnele J Ball
- Department of Psychology (L.J.B., L.J.K.) and The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (L.J.K.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (O.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Oxana Palesh
- Department of Psychology (L.J.B., L.J.K.) and The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (L.J.K.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (O.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Lance J Kriegsfeld
- Department of Psychology (L.J.B., L.J.K.) and The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (L.J.K.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (O.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
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Golubnitschaja O, Debald M, Yeghiazaryan K, Kuhn W, Pešta M, Costigliola V, Grech G. Breast cancer epidemic in the early twenty-first century: evaluation of risk factors, cumulative questionnaires and recommendations for preventive measures. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:12941-12957. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Valenzuela FJ, Vera J, Venegas C, Muñoz S, Oyarce S, Muñoz K, Lagunas C. Evidences of Polymorphism Associated with Circadian System and Risk of Pathologies: A Review of the Literature. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:2746909. [PMID: 27313610 PMCID: PMC4893437 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2746909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian system is a supraphysiological system that modulates different biological functions such as metabolism, sleep-wake, cellular proliferation, and body temperature. Different chronodisruptors have been identified, such as shift work, feeding time, long days, and stress. The environmental changes and our modern lifestyle can alter the circadian system and increase the risk of developing pathologies such as cancer, preeclampsia, diabetes, and mood disorder. This system is organized by transcriptional/tranductional feedback loops of clock genes Clock, Bmal1, Per1-3, and Cry1-2. How molecular components of the clock are able to influence the development of diseases and their risk relation with genetic components of polymorphism of clock genes is unknown. This research describes different genetic variations in the population and how these are associated with risk of cancer, metabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemias, and also mood disorders such as depression, bipolar disease, excessive alcohol intake, and infertility. Finally, these findings will need to be implemented and evaluated at the level of genetic interaction and how the environment factors trigger the expression of these pathologies will be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. J. Valenzuela
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, 378000 Chillán, Chile
- Group of Biotechnological Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, 378000 Chillán, Chile
- *F. J. Valenzuela:
| | - J. Vera
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, 378000 Chillán, Chile
- Group of Biotechnological Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, 378000 Chillán, Chile
| | - C. Venegas
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, 378000 Chillán, Chile
| | - S. Muñoz
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, 378000 Chillán, Chile
| | - S. Oyarce
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, 378000 Chillán, Chile
| | - K. Muñoz
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, 378000 Chillán, Chile
| | - C. Lagunas
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, 378000 Chillán, Chile
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Abstract
Sleep disorders in physicians who perform shift work can result in increased risks of health problems that negatively impact performance and patient safety. Even those who cope well with shift work are likely to suffer from sleep disorders. The aim of this manuscript is to discuss possible causes, contributing factors and consequences of sleep disorders in physicians and to identify measures that can improve adaptation to shift work and treatment strategies for shift work-associated sleep disorders. The risk factors that influence the development of sleep disorders in physicians are numerous and include genetic factors (15 % of the population), age (> 50 years), undiagnosed sleep apnea,, alcohol abuse as well as multiple stress factors inherent in clinical duties (including shift work), research, teaching and family obligations. Several studies have reported an increased risk for medical errors in sleep-deprived physicians. Shift workers have an increased risk for psychiatric and cardiovascular diseases and shift work may also be a contributing factor to cancer. A relationship has been reported not only with sleep deprivation and changes in food intake but also with diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension and coronary heart disease. Nicotine and alcohol consumption are more frequent among shift workers. Increased sickness and accident rates among physicians when commuting (especially after night shifts) have a socioeconomic impact. In order to reduce fatigue and to improve performance, short naps during shiftwork or naps plus caffeine, have been proposed as coping strategies; however, napping during adverse circadian phases is less effective, if not impossible when unable to fall asleep. Bright and blue light supports alertness during a night shift. After shiftwork, direct sunlight exposure to the retina can be avoided by using dark sunglasses or glasses with orange lenses for commuting home. The home environment for daytime sleeping after a night shift should be very dark to allow endogenous melatonin secretion, which is a night signal and supports continuous sleep. Sleep disorders can be treated with timed light exposure, as well as behavioral and environmental strategies to compensate for sleep deprivation. Fatigue due to sleep deprivation can only be systematically treated with sleep.
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Fonnes S, Donatsky AM, Gögenur I. Expression of core clock genes in colorectal tumour cells compared with normal mucosa: a systematic review of clinical trials. Colorectal Dis 2015; 17:290-7. [PMID: 25418520 DOI: 10.1111/codi.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Experimental studies have shown that some circadian core clock genes may act as tumour suppressors and have an important role in the response to oncological treatment. This study investigated the evidence regarding modified expression of core clock genes in colorectal cancer and its correlation to clinicopathological features and survival. METHOD A systematic review was conducted without meta-analysis according to the PRISMA guidelines on 24 March 2014 using PubMed and EMBASE. Eligibility criteria were: study design, original research article, English language, human subjects and gene expression of colorectal cancer cells compared with healthy mucosa cells from specimens analysed by real-time or quantitative real-time polymer chain reaction. The expression of the core clock genes Period, Cryptochrome, Bmal1 and Clock in colorectal tumours were compared with healthy mucosa and correlated with clinicopathological features and survival. RESULTS Seventy-four articles were identified and 11 studies were included. Overall, gene expression of Period was significantly decreased in colorectal cancer cells compared with healthy mucosa cells. This tendency was also seen in the gene expression of Clock. Other core clock genes did not appear to be differentially expressed. Decreased Period gene expression was correlated to some clinicopathological features. CONCLUSION The Period genes seemed to be modified in colorectal tumour cells compared with normal mucosa. Core clock genes might be possible future biomarkers in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fonnes
- Centre for Perioperative Optimization, Department of Surgery, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Phase advancing human circadian rhythms with morning bright light, afternoon melatonin, and gradually shifted sleep: can we reduce morning bright-light duration? Sleep Med 2014; 16:288-97. [PMID: 25620199 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Efficient treatments to phase-advance human circadian rhythms are needed to attenuate circadian misalignment and the associated negative health outcomes that accompany early-morning shift work, early school start times, jet lag, and delayed sleep phase disorder. This study compared three morning bright-light exposure patterns from a single light box (to mimic home treatment) in combination with afternoon melatonin. METHODS Fifty adults (27 males) aged 25.9 ± 5.1 years participated. Sleep/dark was advanced 1 h/day for three treatment days. Participants took 0.5 mg of melatonin 5 h before the baseline bedtime on treatment day 1, and an hour earlier each treatment day. They were exposed to one of three bright-light (~5000 lux) patterns upon waking each morning: four 30-min exposures separated by 30 min of room light (2-h group), four 15-min exposures separated by 45 min of room light (1-h group), and one 30-min exposure (0.5-h group). Dim-light melatonin onsets (DLMOs) before and after treatment determined the phase advance. RESULTS Compared to the 2-h group (phase shift = 2.4 ± 0.8 h), smaller phase-advance shifts were seen in the 1-h (1.7 ± 0.7 h) and 0.5-h (1.8 ± 0.8 h) groups. The 2-h pattern produced the largest phase advance; however, the single 30-min bright-light exposure was as effective as 1 h of bright light spread over 3.25 h, and it produced 75% of the phase shift observed with 2 h of bright light. CONCLUSIONS A 30-min morning bright-light exposure with afternoon melatonin is an efficient treatment to phase-advance human circadian rhythms.
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Aberrant methylation of miR-34b is associated with long-term shiftwork: a potential mechanism for increased breast cancer susceptibility. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 26:171-178. [PMID: 25398683 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the evidence linking exposure to light at night (LAN) and breast cancer risk continues to accumulate, the molecular mechanisms driving this association remain to be fully elucidated. We have previously suggested that long-term exposure to LAN through shiftwork may result in dysregulated patterns of methylation genome-wide. In this study, we investigate the link between miR-34b, a miRNA suggested to be an important tumor suppressor, and shiftwork-related breast cancer. METHODS Methylation states in the miR-34b promoter region were previously compared between 10 female long-term shiftworkers and 10 folate intake- and age-matched female dayworkers participating in the Danish "Diet, Cancer and Health" prospective cohort study. In order to further explore the functional role of miR-34b in breast tumorigenesis, a genome-wide expression microarray was carried out in miR-34b-overexpressed MCF-7 breast cancer cells and the identified transcripts were further analyzed for network and functional interrelatedness using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. RESULTS We observed a 49.1 % increase in miR-34b promoter methylation among shiftworkers at a CpG site in this region (p = 0.016). Transfection of the miR-34b mimic in an MCF-7 breast cancer cell line induced differential expression of 230 transcripts that are involved in the interferon-mediated antiviral response as well as apoptotic and antiproliferative gene networks. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results suggest that long-term shiftwork may increase the risk of breast cancer via methylation-based suppression of miR-34b and a consequent reduction in immunomediated anti-tumor capacity and support our previous findings that LAN may induce epigenetic alteration of cancer-relevant microRNAs.
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Yeh CM, Shay J, Zeng TC, Chou JL, Huang THM, Lai HC, Chan MWY. Epigenetic silencing of ARNTL, a circadian gene and potential tumor suppressor in ovarian cancer. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2101-7. [PMID: 25175925 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death and the most deadly gynecological malignancy in women. Epigenetic modifications play an important role in regulating gene transcription. Specifically, aberrant promoter hypermethylation has been implicated as a hallmark of cancer. In order to identify genes that are differentially methylated in ovarian cancer, we performed meDIP-chip in various ovarian cancer cell lines using Agilent 244K CpG island microarray. One of the targets, ARNTL which is a core component of the circadian clock is methylated in a sub-set of ovarian cancer cell lines. Combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) confirmed the results of the microarray. Additional analysis using ChIP-PCR revealed that promoter of ARNTL is enriched with the repressive histone mark H3K27me3 in CP70 and MCP2 ovarian cancer cells. Treatment with the EZH2 inhibitor (GSK126) significantly restored ARNTL expression in these cells (CP70 and MCP2). Further functional analysis demonstrated that overexpression of ARNTL inhibited cell growth and enhanced chemosensitivity of cisplatin in ovarian cancer cells. Finally, overexpression of ARNTL restored the rhythmic activity of c-MYC in ovarian cancer cells. These results suggested that ARNTL may be a tumor suppressor and is epigenetically silenced in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ming Yeh
- Department of Life Science and, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jacqueline Shay
- Department of Life Science and, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ting-Chuan Zeng
- Department of Life Science and, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jian-Liang Chou
- Department of Life Science and, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tim H-M Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hung-Cheng Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C
| | - Michael W Y Chan
- Department of Life Science and, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Spectral modulation of light wavelengths using optical filters: effect on melatonin secretion. Fertil Steril 2014; 102:336-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Xiao L, Chang AK, Zang MX, Bi H, Li S, Wang M, Xing X, Wu H. Induction of the CLOCK gene by E2-ERα signaling promotes the proliferation of breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95878. [PMID: 24789043 PMCID: PMC4008427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing genetic and epidemiological evidence suggests a direct connection between the disruption of circadian rhythm and breast cancer. Moreover, the expression of several molecular components constituting the circadian clock machinery has been found to be modulated by estrogen-estrogen receptor α (E2-ERα) signaling in ERα-positive breast cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the regulation of CLOCK expression by ERα and its roles in cell proliferation. Immunohistochemical analysis of human breast tumor samples revealed high expression of CLOCK in ERα-positive breast tumor samples. Subsequent experiments using ERα-positive human breast cancer cell lines showed that both protein and mRNA levels of CLOCK were up-regulated by E2 and ERα. In these cells, E2 promoted the binding of ERα to the EREs (estrogen-response elements) of CLOCK promoter, thereby up-regulating the transcription of CLOCK. Knockdown of CLOCK attenuated cell proliferation in ERα-positive breast cancer cells. Taken together, these results demonstrated that CLOCK could be an important gene that mediates cell proliferation in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Xiao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Alan K. Chang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Ming-Xi Zang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hailian Bi
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Shujing Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xinrong Xing
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Huijian Wu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
- * E-mail:
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Nogueira LM, Sampson JN, Chu LW, Yu K, Andriole G, Church T, Stanczyk FZ, Koshiol J, Hsing AW. Individual variations in serum melatonin levels through time: implications for epidemiologic studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83208. [PMID: 24376664 PMCID: PMC3871612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, a marker for the circadian rhythm with serum levels peaking between 2AM and 5AM, is hypothesized to possess anti-cancer properties, making it a mechanistic candidate for the probable carcinogenic effect of circadian rhythm disruption. In order to weigh epidemiologic evidence on the association of melatonin with cancer, we must first understand the laboratory and biological sources of variability in melatonin levels measured in samples. Participants for this methodological study were men enrolled in the Prostate Lung Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO). We measured serum melatonin levels over a five year period in 97 individuals to test if melatonin levels are steady over time. The Pearson correlation coefficient between two measures separated by 1 year was 0.87, while the correlation between two measures separated by 5 years was to 0.70. In an additional cross-sectional study of 292 individuals, we used Analysis of Variance to identify differences in melatonin levels between different lifestyle and environmental characteristics. Serum melatonin levels were slightly higher in samples collected from 130 individuals during the winter, (6.36±0.59 pg/ml) than in samples collected from 119 individuals during the summer (4.83±0.62 pg/ml). Serum melatonin levels were lowest in current smokers (3.02±1.25 pg/ml, p = 0.007) compared to never (6.66±0.66 pg/ml) and former (5.59±0.50 pg/ml) smokers whereas BMI did not significantly affect serum melatonin levels in this study. In conclusion, the high 5 year correlation of melatonin levels implies that single measurements may be used to detect population level associations between melatonin and risk of cancer. Furthermore, our results reiterate the need to record season of sample collection, and individual characteristics in order to maximize study power and prevent confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia M. Nogueira
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Joshua N. Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lisa W. Chu
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, United States of America
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gerald Andriole
- Division of Urological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Timothy Church
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Frank Z. Stanczyk
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jill Koshiol
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ann W. Hsing
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, United States of America
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Bukalev AV, Vinogradova IA, Zabezhinskii MA, Semenchenko AV, Anisimov VN. Light pollution increases morbidity and mortality rate from different causes in female rats. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s207905701303003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Montagnese S, Nsemi LM, Cazzagon N, Facchini S, Costa L, Bergasa NV, Amodio P, Floreani A. Sleep-Wake profiles in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Liver Int 2013; 33:203-9. [PMID: 23173839 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired sleep quality and daytime sleepiness have been described in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). However, no information is available on their sleep timing/diurnal preference. AIMS To evaluate such variables and determine their relationship with sleep quality, fatigue, pruritus and quality of life. METHODS Seventy-four patients with PBC (58 ± 12 years), 79 healthy volunteers (56 ± 8 years) and 60 patients with cirrhosis (58 ± 12 years) underwent formal assessment of sleep quality/timing, diurnal preference and daytime sleepiness. Patients with PBC also underwent assessment of fatigue, quality of life and the daytime course of sleepiness/pruritus. RESULTS Sleep timing was significantly delayed in both patients with PBC and with cirrhosis, compared to healthy volunteers (sleep onset time: 23:18 ± 01:00 vs. 23:30 ± 01:00 vs. 22:54 ± 00:54 hours, respectively; P < 0.05). In patients with PBC, delayed sleep timing was associated with impaired sleep quality (P < 0.05). Sleepiness showed a physiological daily rhythm, with early afternoon/evening peaks. Pruritus was absent in the morning and increased over the afternoon/evening hours. Both the daytime course of pruritus and sleepiness changed in relation to diurnal preference. Patients with PBC and significant pruritus (upper quartile) had prolonged sleep latency (39 ± 37 vs. 21 ± 23 min, P = 0.05) and earlier wake-up times (5.9 ± 0.8 vs. 6.7 ± 0.9 min, P < 0.05). Significant correlations were observed between sleep timing and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Patients with PBC exhibited a delay in sleep timing that was associated with impaired sleep quality/quality of life. In addition, an interplay was observed between diurnal preference and the daytime course of pruritus/sleepiness.
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Melatonin in the afternoons of a gradually advancing sleep schedule enhances the circadian rhythm phase advance. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 225:825-37. [PMID: 23001190 PMCID: PMC3558560 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2869-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE We test methods to advance (shift earlier) circadian rhythms without producing misalignment between rhythms and sleep. We previously tested (1) a gradually advancing sleep/dark schedule plus morning bright light and afternoon/evening melatonin and (2) the same sleep schedule with only morning bright light. Now we report on the same sleep schedule with only afternoon/evening melatonin. OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine phase advances, sleepiness, and performance in response to melatonin compared to placebo. METHODS Twelve adults (five female individuals) aged 20-45 years (mean ± SD = 28.3 ± 7.3 years) completed this within-subjects placebo-controlled counterbalanced study. The participants slept on fixed 8-h sleep schedules for nine days. Then, sleep/dark was advanced by 1 h/day for three consecutive days of treatment. The participants took 3 mg of melatonin or placebo 11 h before baseline sleep midpoint (the optimal time to produce phase advances) on the first treatment day and 1 h earlier on each subsequent day. We measured the dim light melatonin onset before and after treatment. The participants rated subjective symptoms throughout the study. They completed the Psychomotor Vigilance Task and rated sleepiness from 1 h before pill ingestion until bedtime on each treatment day. RESULTS Melatonin produced significantly larger advances (1.3 ± 0.7 h) compared to placebo (0.7 ± 0.7 h); however, in the hours between melatonin ingestion and bed, melatonin caused sleepiness and performance decrements. CONCLUSIONS Adding afternoon/evening melatonin to the gradually advancing sleep schedule increased the phase advance, but given the side effects, like sleepiness, it is better to use morning bright light and perhaps a lower dose of melatonin.
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Wahnschaffe A, Haedel S, Rodenbeck A, Stoll C, Rudolph H, Kozakov R, Schoepp H, Kunz D. Out of the lab and into the bathroom: evening short-term exposure to conventional light suppresses melatonin and increases alertness perception. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:2573-89. [PMID: 23358248 PMCID: PMC3588003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14022573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Life in 24-h society relies on the use of artificial light at night that might disrupt synchronization of the endogenous circadian timing system to the solar day. This could have a negative impact on sleep-wake patterns and psychiatric symptoms. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of evening light emitted by domestic and work place lamps in a naturalistic setting on melatonin levels and alertness in humans. Healthy subjects (6 male, 3 female, 22-33 years) were exposed to constant dim light (<10 lx) for six evenings from 7:00 p.m. to midnight. On evenings 2 through 6, 1 h before habitual bedtime, they were also exposed to light emitted by 5 different conventional lamps for 30 min. Exposure to yellow light did not alter the increase of melatonin in saliva compared to dim light baseline during (38 ± 27 pg/mL vs. 39 ± 23 pg/mL) and after light exposure (39 ± 22 pg/mL vs. 44 ± 26 pg/mL). In contrast, lighting conditions including blue components reduced melatonin increase significantly both during (office daylight white: 25 ± 16 pg/mL, bathroom daylight white: 24 ± 10 pg/mL, Planon warm white: 26 ± 14 pg/mL, hall daylight white: 22 ± 14 pg/mL) and after light exposure (office daylight white: 25 ± 15 pg/mL, bathroom daylight white: 23 ± 9 pg/mL, Planon warm white: 24 ± 13 pg/mL, hall daylight white: 22 ± 26 pg/mL). Subjective alertness was significantly increased after exposure to three of the lighting conditions which included blue spectral components in their spectra. Evening exposure to conventional lamps in an everyday setting influences melatonin excretion and alertness perception within 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amely Wahnschaffe
- Institute of Physiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin (CBF), 10115 Berlin, Germany; E-Mails: (S.H.); (A.R.); (C.S.); (D.K.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +49-30-2311-2901; Fax: +49-30-2311-2903
| | - Sven Haedel
- Institute of Physiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin (CBF), 10115 Berlin, Germany; E-Mails: (S.H.); (A.R.); (C.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Andrea Rodenbeck
- Institute of Physiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin (CBF), 10115 Berlin, Germany; E-Mails: (S.H.); (A.R.); (C.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Claudia Stoll
- Institute of Physiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin (CBF), 10115 Berlin, Germany; E-Mails: (S.H.); (A.R.); (C.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Horst Rudolph
- Trilux GmbH & Co.KG, 59759 Arnsberg, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Ruslan Kozakov
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany; E-Mails: (R.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Heinz Schoepp
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany; E-Mails: (R.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Dieter Kunz
- Institute of Physiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin (CBF), 10115 Berlin, Germany; E-Mails: (S.H.); (A.R.); (C.S.); (D.K.)
- German Heart Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Gromadzińska J, Peplonska B, Sobala W, Reszka E, Wasowicz W, Bukowska A, Lie JA. Relationship between intensity of night shift work and antioxidant status in blood of nurses. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2012. [PMID: 23179107 PMCID: PMC3825624 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-012-0828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Light-at-night exposure can disrupt the human circadian rhythm via clock gene expressions. The circadian rhythm influences antioxidant enzymes’ activity and cellular mRNA levels of these enzymes. The employees working based on a shift system adjust to the changes occurring both on the cell level and on the level of the whole organism. Therefore, a question should be answered whether shift work disturbs oxidant–antioxidant balance and/or generates oxidative stress. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses selected from the Local Registry of the Chamber of Nurses and Midwives in Lodz: 359 nurses worked daily only and 349 working rotating night shifts. These two groups differed significantly in respect of age (p < 0.0001), menopausal status (p < 0.0001), and current smoking habit (p = 0.02). The average total work duration was significantly shorter (12.4 years) in nurses working currently rotating night shifts who worked significantly longer on night shifts than day-workers (26.6 years). Results We found statistically significant higher red blood cell glutathione peroxidase in nurses working on night shifts (21.0 ± 4.6 vs. 20.0 ± 5.0 U/g Hb, p < 0.009) after adjusting for age, oral contraceptive hormone use, smoking, and drinking alcohol during last 24 h. Statistically significant lower vitamin A and E levels were found in the premenopausal women working in rotating system (0.690 ± 0.238 vs. 0.786 ± 0.262 μg/ml, p < 0.0001 for vitamin A and 10.93 ± 4.15 vs. 12.78 ± 4.75 μg/ml, p < 0.0001 for vitamin E). The marker of lipid peroxidation (TBARS concentration) was significantly lower in the premenopausal nurses than postmenopausal ones working day shifts only (2.06 ± 0.76 vs. 2.21 ± 0.80 nmol/ml, p < 0.038). We observed that erythrocyte GSH-Px activity rose statistically significant in nurses working more night shifts per month (p < 0.01). Conclusions The results quoted above seem to support the existence of an association between light-at-night exposure and blood glutathione peroxidase activity in female shift workers. Nevertheless, in order to explain the mechanisms of this association, we need more studies.
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Parent MÉ, El-Zein M, Rousseau MC, Pintos J, Siemiatycki J. Night work and the risk of cancer among men. Am J Epidemiol 2012; 176:751-9. [PMID: 23035019 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kws318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Night work might influence cancer risk, possibly via suppression of melatonin release. In a population-based case-control study conducted in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, between 1979 and 1985, job histories, including work hours, were elicited from 3,137 males with incident cancer at one of 11 anatomic sites and from 512 controls. Compared with men who never worked at night, the adjusted odds ratios among men who ever worked at night were 1.76 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25, 2.47) for lung cancer, 2.03 (95% CI: 1.43, 2.89) for colon cancer, 1.74 (95% CI: 1.22, 2.49) for bladder cancer, 2.77 (95% CI: 1.96, 3.92) for prostate cancer, 2.09 (95% CI: 1.40, 3.14) for rectal cancer, 2.27 (95% CI: 1.24, 4.15) for pancreatic cancer, and 2.31 (95% CI: 1.48, 3.61) for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Equivocal evidence or no evidence was observed for cancers of the stomach (odds ratio (OR) = 1.34, 95% CI: 0.85, 2.10), kidney (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 0.86, 2.35), and esophagus (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 0.80, 2.84) and for melanoma (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.49, 2.22). There was no evidence of increasing risk with increasing duration of night work, with risks generally being increased across all duration categories. Results suggest that night work may increase cancer risk at several sites among men.
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Bukalev AV, Vinogradova IA, Zabezhinskii MA, Semenchenko AV, Anisimov VN. Light pollution increases in the morbidity and mortality rates from different causes in male rats. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057012040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pritchett D, Wulff K, Oliver PL, Bannerman DM, Davies KE, Harrison PJ, Peirson SN, Foster RG. Evaluating the links between schizophrenia and sleep and circadian rhythm disruption. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2012; 119:1061-75. [PMID: 22569850 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-012-0817-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption (SCRD) and schizophrenia are often co-morbid. Here, we propose that the co-morbidity of these disorders stems from the involvement of common brain mechanisms. We summarise recent clinical evidence that supports this hypothesis, including the observation that the treatment of SCRD leads to improvements in both the sleep quality and psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia patients. Moreover, many SCRD-associated pathologies, such as impaired cognitive performance, are routinely observed in schizophrenia. We suggest that these associations can be explored at a mechanistic level by using animal models. Specifically, we predict that SCRD should be observed in schizophrenia-relevant mouse models. There is a rapidly accumulating body of evidence which supports this prediction, as summarised in this review. In light of these emerging data, we highlight other models which warrant investigation, and address the potential challenges associated with modelling schizophrenia and SCRD in rodents. Our view is that an understanding of the mechanistic overlap between SCRD and schizophrenia will ultimately lead to novel treatment approaches, which will not only ameliorate SCRD in schizophrenia patients, but also will improve their broader health problems and overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pritchett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences-Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Level 5-6 West Wing, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Rossetti S, Corlazzoli F, Gregorski A, Azmi NHA, Sacchi N. Identification of an estrogen-regulated circadian mechanism necessary for breast acinar morphogenesis. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:3691-700. [PMID: 22935699 PMCID: PMC3478319 DOI: 10.4161/cc.21946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered estrogen receptor α (ERA) signaling and altered circadian rhythms are both features of breast cancer. By using a method to entrain circadian oscillations in human cultured cells, we recently reported that the expression of key clock genes oscillates in a circadian fashion in ERA-positive breast epithelial cells but not in breast cancer cells, regardless of their ERA status. Moreover, we reported that ERA mRNA oscillates in a circadian fashion in ERA-positive breast epithelial cells, but not in ERA-positive breast cancer cells. By using ERA-positive HME1 breast epithelial cells, which can be both entrained in vitro and can form mammary gland-like acinar structures in three-dimensional (3D) culture, first we identified a circuit encompassing ERA and an estrogen-regulated loop consisting of two circadian clock genes, PER2 and BMAL1. Further, we demonstrated that this estrogen-regulated circuit is necessary for breast epithelial acinar morphogenesis. Disruption of this circuit due to ERA-knockdown, negatively affects the estrogen-sustained circadian PER2-BMAL1 mechanism as well as the formation of 3D HME1 acini. Conversely, knockdown of either PER2 or BMAL1, by hampering the PER2-BMAL1 loop of the circadian clock, negatively affects ERA circadian oscillations and 3D breast acinar morphogenesis. To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence of the implication of an ERA-circadian clock mechanism in the breast acinar morphogenetic process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alex Gregorski
- Department of Cancer Genetics; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo, NY USA
| | | | - Nicoletta Sacchi
- Department of Cancer Genetics; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo, NY USA
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Soták M, Polidarová L, Ergang P, Sumová A, Pácha J. An association between clock genes and clock-controlled cell cycle genes in murine colorectal tumors. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:1032-41. [PMID: 22865596 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of circadian machinery appears to be associated with the acceleration of tumor development. To evaluate the function of the circadian clock during neoplastic transformation, the daily profiles of the core clock genes Per1, Per2, Rev-Erbα and Bmal1, the clock-controlled gene Dbp and the clock-controlled cell cycle genes Wee1, c-Myc and p21 were detected by real-time RT-PCR in chemically induced primary colorectal tumors, the surrounding normal tissue and in the liver. The circadian rhythmicity of Per1, Per2, Rev-Erbα and Dbp was significantly reduced in tumor compared with healthy colon and the rhythmicity of Bmal1 was completely abolished. Interestingly, the circadian expression of Per1, Per2, Rev-Erbα and Dbp persisted in the colonic tissue surrounding the tumor but the rhythmic expression of Bmal1 was also abolished. Daily profiles of Wee1, c-Myc and p21 did not exhibit any rhythmicity either in tumors or in the colon of healthy animals. The absence of diurnal rhythmicity of cell cycle genes was partially associated with ageing, because young healthy mice showed rhythmicity in the core clock genes as well as in the Wee1 and p21. In the liver of tumor-bearing mice the clock gene rhythms were temporally shifted. The data suggest that the circadian regulation is distorted in colonic neoplastic tissue and that the gene-specific disruption may be also observed in the non-neoplastic tissues. These findings reinforce the role of peripheral circadian clockwork disruption for carcinogenesis and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matúš Soták
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Leonardi GC, Rapisarda V, Marconi A, Scalisi A, Catalano F, Proietti L, Travali S, Libra M, Fenga C. Correlation of the risk of breast cancer and disruption of the circadian rhythm (Review). Oncol Rep 2012; 28:418-28. [PMID: 22664950 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the worldwide leading cause of cancer incidence among women. Night shift work exposure has been recently considered one of the significant breast cancer risk factors in industrialized countries. The mechanisms by which this work exposure may be responsible for cancer development is still discussed. In the last 15 years, many authors have paid attention to the relationship between night shift work and breast cancer risk. In the current study, eight case-control studies and four prospective epidemiological studies describing such relationship are discussed. A positive correlation between night shift work and breast cancer risk was described in 8 out of 12 studies. However, different reasons suggest that some of these studies have an Achilles heel according to the International Agency of Cancer (IARC) indications. Both the circadian system alteration and the melatonin output reduction, related to the exposure to light-at-night during night shift work, remain the most valid hypotheses on the causal relation of shift work and breast cancer. Overall, the results of the present study suggest that there is an association between night shift work and breast cancer development in western countries. However, further studies are needed to confirm such association and to understand which biomolecular mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of cancer diagnosed in patients with night shift work exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Costanza Leonardi
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Functional Genomics, Section of Pathology and Oncology, Department of Bio-medical Sciences, University of Catania, and Senology Unit, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy
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Dorrian J, Skinner N. Alcohol Consumption Patterns of Shiftworkers Compared With Dayworkers. Chronobiol Int 2012; 29:610-8. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2012.675848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Dorrian
- Centre for Sleep Research, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
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Wright KP, Bogan RK, Wyatt JK. Shift work and the assessment and management of shift work disorder (SWD). Sleep Med Rev 2012; 17:41-54. [PMID: 22560640 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 20% of the labor force worldwide, work shifts that include work hours outside 07:00 h to 18:00 h. Shift work is common in many occupations that directly affect the health and safety of others (e.g., protective services, transportation, healthcare), whereas quality of life, health, and safety during shift work and the commute home can affect workers in any field. Increasing evidence indicates that shift-work schedules negatively influence worker physiology, health, and safety. Shift work disrupts circadian sleep and alerting cycles, resulting in disturbed daytime sleep and excessive sleepiness during the work shift. Moreover, shift workers are at risk for shift work disorder (SWD). This review focuses on shift work and the assessment and management of sleepiness and sleep disruption associated with shift work schedules and SWD. Management strategies include approaches to promote sleep, wakefulness, and adaptation of the circadian clock to the imposed work schedule. Additional studies are needed to further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the health risks of shift work, understanding which shift workers are at most risk of SWD, to investigate treatment options that address the health and safety burdens associated with shift work and SWD, and to further develop and assess the comparative effectiveness of countermeasures and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth P Wright
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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