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Nilsen DH, Furnes O, Kroken G, Robsahm TE, Johnsen MB, Engebretsen L, Nordsletten L, Bahr R, Lie SA. Risk of total hip arthroplasty after elite sport: linking 3304 former world-class athletes with the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register. Br J Sports Med 2022; 57:bjsports-2022-105575. [PMID: 36588424 PMCID: PMC9811096 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES At present, there is no cure for osteoarthritis (OA), but severe hip joint degeneration can require total hip arthroplasty (THA). The literature on OA after elite sport is limited. We hypothesise that elite athletic activity increases the risk of receiving a THA later in life. METHODS We linked a cohort of former Norwegian world-class athletes (1402 females and 1902 males, active 1936-2006) to the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register (THA performed 1987-2020). We used standardised incidence ratio (SIR), one-minus Kaplan-Meier and relative Cox regression (relative HR, RHR), with 95% CIs, and funnel plots at age 75, to assess THA risk for different sport disciplines, joint impact categories of sport disciplines and sex. The risk of THA for the corresponding general Norwegian population was used as reference. RESULTS We found an overall increased risk for THA for the former elite athletes (SIR 2.11, 95% CI 1.82 to 2.40) at age 75 years, compared with the general population. THA risk at age 75 years was 11.6% for female athletes and 8.3% for male athletes. SIR was 1.90 (95% CI 1.49 to 2.31) for female and 2.28 (95% CI 1.87 to 2.70) for male athletes. Among males, high joint impact sport disciplines were associated with increased risk compared with low-impact sport disciplines (RHR 1.81, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.08, p=0.029). CONCLUSION Having been an elite athlete was associated with a doubling of THA risk compared with the general population for both sexes. High joint impact sport disciplines were associated with subsequent THA for male athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hoseth Nilsen
- Norwegian Arthroplasty Register, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ove Furnes
- Norwegian Arthroplasty Register, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gard Kroken
- Norwegian Arthroplasty Register, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Marianne Bakke Johnsen
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Engebretsen
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Nordsletten
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roald Bahr
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein Atle Lie
- Norwegian Arthroplasty Register, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Kitson SJ, Aurangzeb O, Parvaiz J, Lophatananon A, Muir KR, Crosbie EJ. Quantifying the Effect of Physical Activity on Endometrial Cancer Risk. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022; 15:605-621. [PMID: 35696722 PMCID: PMC7613481 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-22-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer incidence is rising, with 435,000 global cases in 2019. An effective, low-cost primary prevention strategy is required to reduce disease burden. Obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation contribute to endometrial carcinogenesis and physical activity targets these pathways. This study sought to quantify the amount of physical activity required to impact upon endometrial cancer risk. Physical activity data from 222,031 female participants with an intact uterus in the UK Biobank study were analyzed using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. A systematic review of the literature was performed, searching CENTRAL, Embase, and MEDLINE databases up to April 19, 2021. Studies including participants with and without endometrial cancer investigating the effect of physical activity measured in MET-hours/week (MET-h/week) on disease risk were included. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias. Within the UK Biobank, each 1 MET-h/week increase in total physical activity was associated with a 0.2% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.1-0.4; P = 0.020] reduction in endometrial cancer risk, equating to a 10.4% reduction if performing 50 MET-h/week or 7 hours of jogging per week. Eleven cohort and 12 case-control studies were identified in the systematic review, including 821,599 participants. One study reported a nonsignificant effect of 1 MET-h/week increases in physical activity on endometrial cancer risk (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.99-1.00). Eight studies found significant reductions in disease risk of 15%-53%, but only in the most physically active individuals. Physical activity reduces endometrial cancer risk, but the effect size appears small. Regular vigorous activity should be encouraged to maximize the health benefit observed. PREVENTION RELEVANCE Effective, low-cost primary prevention strategies are urgently needed to tackle the rapid global increase in endometrial cancer. We sought to quantify the effect of physical activity on endometrial cancer risk, noting a linear inverse relationship influenced by body mass index. The most beneficial type and amount of activity remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Kitson
- Gynaecological Oncology Research Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia Aurangzeb
- Gynaecological Oncology Research Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jawaria Parvaiz
- Gynaecological Oncology Research Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth R Muir
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma J Crosbie
- Gynaecological Oncology Research Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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3
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Liu Y, He L, Wang W. Systematic assessment of microRNAs associated with lung cancer and physical exercise. Front Oncol 2022; 12:917667. [PMID: 36110941 PMCID: PMC9468783 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.917667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been evident that physical exercise reduces the risk of cancer and improves treatment efficacy in tumor patients, particularly in lung cancer (LC). Several molecular mechanisms have been reported, but the mechanisms related to microRNAs (miRNAs) are not well understood. MiRNAs modulated various basic biological processes by negatively regulating gene expression and can be transmitted between cells as signaling molecules. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs are actively released into the circulation during exercise, and are deeply involved in cancer pathology. Hence, the role of exercise intervention in LC treatment may be further understood by identifying miRNAs associated with LC and physical activity. Here, miRNAs expression datasets related to LC and exercise were collected to screen altered miRNAs. Further bioinformatic approaches were performed to analyze the value of the selected miRNAs. The results identified 42 marker miRNAs in LC, of which three core-miRNAs (has-miR-195, has-miR-26b, and has-miR-126) were co-regulated by exercise and cancer, mainly involved in cell cycle and immunity. Our study supports the idea that using exercise intervention as adjuvant therapy for LC patients. These core-miRNAs, which are down-regulated in cancer but elevated by exercise, may act as suppressors in LC and serve as non-invasive biomarkers for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Liu,
| | - Libo He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Medicine, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
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4
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Barry A, Mina DS, Langelier DM, Wong P, Anne Koch C. Supporting an Athlete With Breast Cancer: A Case Report. J Patient Exp 2022; 9:23743735221077539. [PMID: 35155753 PMCID: PMC8832607 DOI: 10.1177/23743735221077539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
For cancer survivors who also identify as athletes, a rigorous exercise that was once part of their daily routine and fundamental to their physical, psychological, and potentially financial well-being, may be temporarily or permanently altered in ways that exacerbate cancer-related changes in quality of life. This report presents an illustrative case of an endurance athlete who underwent breast cancer treatment and her subsequent return to high-performance, high elevation sport. We identify gaps in oncology research and patient educational tools to counsel athletes with cancer regarding the acute and long-term effects of cancer treatment and possibility of returning to a precancer level of fitness and performance. The report also highlights the need to tailor individualized cancer care treatment, rehabilitation, and the ability to preempt potential clinical and psychological side effects that may substantially impact training and competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Barry
- Radiation Medicine Program and Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Santa Mina
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M. Langelier
- Cancer Rehabilitation and Survivorship, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip Wong
- Radiation Medicine Program and Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C. Anne Koch
- Radiation Medicine Program and Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Soldos P, Besenyi Z, Hideghéty K, Pávics L, Hegedűs Á, Rácz L, Kopper B. Comparison of Shear Wave Elastography and Dynamometer Test in Muscle Tissue Characterization for Potential Medical and Sport Application. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609798. [PMID: 34267604 PMCID: PMC8275576 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle status and its dynamic follow up are of particular importance in the management of several diseases where weight and muscle mass loss and, consequently, immobilization occurs, as in cancer and its treatment, as well as in neurodegenerative disorders. But immobilization is not the direct result of body and muscle mass loss, but rather the loss of the maximal tension capabilities of the skeletal muscle. Therefore, the development of a non-invasive and real-time method which can measure muscle tension capabilities in immobile patients is highly anticipated. Our aim was to introduce and evaluate a special ultrasound measurement technique to estimate a maximal muscle tension characteristic which can be used in medicine and also in sports diagnostics. Therefore, we determined the relationship between the results of shear wave elastography measurements and the dynamometric data of individuals. The measurements were concluded on the m. vastus lateralis. Twelve healthy elite athletes took part in our preliminary proof of principle study—five endurance (S) and seven strength (F) athletes showing unambiguously different muscle composition features, nine healthy subjects (H) without prior sports background, and four cancer patients in treatment for a stage 3 brain tumor (T). Results showed a high correlation between the maximal dynamometric isometric torque (Mmax) and mean elasticity value (E) for the non-athletes [(H + T), (r = 0.795)] and for the athletes [(S + F), (r = 0.79)]. For the athletes (S + F), the rate of tension development at contraction (RTDk) and E correlation was also determined (r = 0.84, p < 0.05). Our measurements showed significantly greater E values for the strength athletes with fast muscle fiber dominance than endurance athletes with slow muscle fiber dominance (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that shear wave ultrasound elastography is a promising method for estimating maximal muscle tension and, also, the human skeletal muscle fiber ratio. These results warrant further investigations with a larger number of individuals, both in medicine and in sports science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Soldos
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Besenyi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Hideghéty
- Department of Oncotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Pávics
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám Hegedűs
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente Rácz
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Kopper
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
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6
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Li F, Bai M, Xu J, Zhu L, Liu C, Duan R. Long-Term Exercise Alters the Profiles of Circulating Micro-RNAs in the Plasma of Young Women. Front Physiol 2020; 11:372. [PMID: 32477155 PMCID: PMC7233279 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this paper was to study the effects of long-term exercise on circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in human plasma. Methods: Whole blood was collected from 10 female elite athletes with at least 5 years of training experience in a Synchronized Swimming Group (S group) and 15 female college students without regular exercise training (C group). Plasma miRNAs were then isolated, sequenced, and semi-quantified by the second-generation sequencing technology, and the results were analyzed by bioinformatics methods. Results: We found 380 differentially expressed miRNAs in the S group compared with the C group, among which 238 miRNAs were upregulated and 142 were downregulated. The top five abundant miRNAs in the 380 miRNAs of the S group are hsa-miR-451a, hsa-miR-486, hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-423-5p, and hsa-let-7b-5p. Muscle-specific/enriched miRNAs were not significantly different, except for miR-206 and miR-486. According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, a large proportion of the differentially expressed miRNAs are targeted in cancer-related pathways, including proteoglycans in cancer and miRNAs in cancer and basal cell carcinoma. As the levels of circulating miRNAs (ci-miRNAs) are commonly known to be significantly deregulated in cancer patients, we further compared the levels of some well-studied miRNAs in different types of cancer patients with those in the S group and found that long-term exercise regulates the level of ci-miRNAs in an opposite direction to those in cancer patients. Conclusion: Long-term exercise significantly alters the profiles of plasma miRNAs in healthy young women. It may reduce the risk of certain types of cancers by regulating plasma miRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muwei Bai
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Physical Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfang Xu
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengyi Liu
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Fiore M, Cristaldi A, Okatyeva V, Lo Bianco S, Oliveri Conti G, Zuccarello P, Copat C, Caltabiano R, Cannizzaro M, Ferrante M. Physical Activity and Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study in Catania (South Italy). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16081428. [PMID: 31013573 PMCID: PMC6517930 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: The health benefits of physical activity are well established, but the association between physical activity and thyroid cancer remains poorly understood. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between physical activity and thyroid cancer in order to determine type, frequency, and duration of exercise needed to maximize prevention. Method: Cases, diagnosed from January 2009 to July 2018, and controls were enrolled at the University Hospital “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele” of Catania (South Italy). Logistic regression models were used to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 106 cases (91.2% papillary type) and 217 controls were enrolled. Physical activity was rare in Catania (32.8%) and was not correlated to risk of total thyroid cancer (OR: 0.997; 95% CI: 0.515–1.929). Conversely, walking every day for at least 60 minutes reduced the risk of thyroid cancer (OR: 0.357; 95% CI: 0.157–0.673). Conclusions: Our study showed that daily walking duration was associated with lower risk of thyroid cancer using a case-control study. Unfortunately, the frequency of physical activity often declines with age, particularly among the elderly, thus more research on physical activity adherence is needed to determine which approaches are most effective in promoting sustained physical activity participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fiore
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Antonio Cristaldi
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Valeriya Okatyeva
- General Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, "G.F. Ingrassia", 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Lo Bianco
- General Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, "G.F. Ingrassia", 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Pietro Zuccarello
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Chiara Copat
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Anatomic Pathology, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Matteo Cannizzaro
- General Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, "G.F. Ingrassia", 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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Lemez S, Wattie N, Lawler T, Baker J. Vital statistics and early death predictors of North American professional basketball players: A historical examination. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:1648-1655. [PMID: 29183260 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1409607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
While empirical evidence suggests that elite athletes have superior lifespan outcomes relative to the general population, less is known regarding their causes of death. The purpose of this study was to critically examine the mortality outcomes of deceased National Basketball Association and American Basketball Association players. Death data were collected from publicly available sources until 11 December 2015, and causes of death were categorized using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD). Mortality was measured through: i) cause-specific crude death rates (CDR), ii) estimates of death rates per athlete-year (AY), and iii) binary and multinomial regression analyses. We identified 514 causes of death from 787 deceased players (M = 68.1 y ± 16.0) from 16 different ICD groups, 432 of which were from natural causes. Findings showed similar leading causes of death and CDRs to sex- and race-matched controls, higher death rate differences per AY within time-dependent variables (i.e., birth decade, race, and height), and a higher likelihood of dying below the median age of death for black and taller players, although this was highly confounded by birth decade. More complete knowledge of mortality outcomes would provide broad public health applications and disarm harmful stereotypes of elite athlete health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan Lemez
- a School of Kinesiology and Nutritional Science , California State University - Los Angeles , Los Angeles , USA
| | - Nick Wattie
- b Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Ontario Institute of Technology , Oshawa , Canada
| | - Tyler Lawler
- c Division of Epidemiology and Public Health , City Hospital , Nottingham , UK
| | - Joseph Baker
- d School of Kinesiology and Health Science , York University , Toronto , Canada
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Schmid D, Ricci C, Behrens G, Leitzmann MF. Does smoking influence the physical activity and lung cancer relation? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol 2016; 31:1173-1190. [PMID: 27502335 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-016-0186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests an inverse association between physical activity and lung cancer. However, whether the relation is modified by degree of smoking adjustment has not been summarized. We conducted a meta-analysis of physical activity and lung cancer focusing on evaluating whether smoking status and the degree of smoking adjustment influenced the association. Comparing high versus low physical activity levels from 25 observational studies yielded a lung cancer summary relative risk (RR) of 0.79 [95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.72-0.87], with RRs of 0.87 (95 % CI = 0.80-0.94) for cohort studies and 0.57 (95 % CI = 0.46-0.71) for case-control studies. In further analyses restricted to cohort studies, physical activity was inversely related to lung cancer among former smokers (RR = 0.68, 95 % CI = 0.51-0.90) and current smokers (RR = 0.80, 95 % CI = 0.70-0.90), whereas the association was null among never smokers (RR = 1.05, 95 % CI = 0.78-1.40, p interaction = 0.26). The degree of smoking adjustment did not modify the association (p interaction = 0.73). Physical activity was unrelated to lung cancer among never smokers but it was inversely associated with lung cancer among former and current smokers. Although the physical activity and lung cancer relation was not modified by smoking status or degree of smoking adjustment, residual confounding by smoking remains a possible explanation for the relations observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Schmid
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Cristian Ricci
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gundula Behrens
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael F Leitzmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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10
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Xhaard C, Lence-Anta JJ, Ren Y, Borson-Chazot F, Sassolas G, Schvartz C, Colonna M, Lacour B, Danzon A, Velten M, Clero E, Maillard S, Marrer E, Bailly L, Mariné Barjoan E, Schlumberger M, Orgiazzi J, Adjadj E, Pereda CM, Turcios S, Velasco M, Chappe M, Infante I, Bustillo M, García A, Salazar S, Rodriguez R, Benadjaoud MA, Ortiz RM, Rubino C, de Vathaire F. Recreational Physical Activity and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Pooled Analysis of Two Case-Control Studies. Eur Thyroid J 2016; 5:132-8. [PMID: 27493888 PMCID: PMC4949366 DOI: 10.1159/000445887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity has been hypothesized to influence cancer occurrence through several mechanisms. To date, its relation with thyroid cancer risk has been examined in relatively few studies. We pooled 2 case-control studies conducted in Cuba and Eastern France to assess the relationship between self-reported practice of recreational physical activity since childhood and thyroid cancer risk. METHODS This pooled study included 1,008 cases of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) matched with 1,088 controls (age range 9-35 and 17-60 years in the French and Cuban studies, respectively). Risk factors associated with the practice of recreational physical activity were estimated using OR and 95% CI. Logistic regressions were stratified by age class, country, and gender and were adjusted for ethnic group, level of education, number of pregnancies for women, height, BMI, and smoking status. RESULTS Overall, the risk of thyroid cancer was slightly reduced among subjects who reported recreational physical activity (OR = 0.8; 95% CI 0.5-1.0). The weekly frequency (i.e. h/week) seems to be more relevant than the duration (years). CONCLUSION Long-term recreational physical activity, practiced since childhood, may reduce the DTC risk. However, the mechanisms whereby the DTC risk decreases are not yet entirely clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Xhaard
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Yan Ren
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Françoise Borson-Chazot
- Groupement Hospitalier Lyon-Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Fédération d'Endocrinologie, Bron, France
- Rhône-Alpes Thyroid Cancer Registry, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286), RTH Laennec Faculty of Medicine, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Geneviève Sassolas
- Rhône-Alpes Thyroid Cancer Registry, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286), RTH Laennec Faculty of Medicine, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Claire Schvartz
- Thyroid Cancer Registry of Champagne-Ardennes, Institut Jean Godinot, Reims, France
| | | | - Brigitte Lacour
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- French National Registry of Childhood Solid Tumours, CHU, Nancy, France
| | - Arlette Danzon
- Cancer Registry of Doubs, EA 3181, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Michel Velten
- Cancer Registry of Bas-Rhin, EA 3430, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Enora Clero
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Stéphane Maillard
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Emilie Marrer
- Cancer Registry of Haut-Rhin, Mulhouse Hospital, Mulhouse, France
| | - Laurent Bailly
- Public Health Department, University Hospital Nice, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Jacques Orgiazzi
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Elisabeth Adjadj
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Celia M. Pereda
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Milagros Velasco
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | - Mae Chappe
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | - Idalmis Infante
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | - Marlene Bustillo
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | - Anabel García
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | - Sirced Salazar
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Mohamed Amine Benadjaoud
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Rosa M. Ortiz
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | - Carole Rubino
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Florent de Vathaire
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- *Florent de Vathaire, Radiation Epidemiology Group, U1018, Institut Gustave Roussy, Rue Edouard Vaillant, FR–94805 Villejuif (France), E-Mail
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11
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Farris MS, Mosli MH, McFadden AA, Friedenreich CM, Brenner DR. The Association between Leisure Time Physical Activity and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:1462-73. [PMID: 26174790 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a meta-analysis of the association between leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and risk of pancreatic cancer to update previous analyses in light of newly published studies, to examine subgroups of interest and potential sources of heterogeneity. We searched the PubMed and MEDLINE databases for studies until February 2015. Study information was collected using a standardized form to abstract relevant data on study design, number of cases, participant and study characteristics, assessment of LTPA, risk estimates, and adjustments for confounding by two independent abstractors. We used random-effects models to pool estimates from included studies of lowest versus highest comparison of LTPA. The search identified 26 studies eligible for inclusion into the meta-analysis. The combined summary risk estimate was [relative risk (RR), 0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.82-0.96]. There was evidence of heterogeneity across studies (I(2) = 22.1%, Pheterogeneity = 0.130). Some of the heterogeneity could be explained by study design, with stronger protective effects observed among case-control studies (RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.59-0.81) compared with cohort studies (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.91-1.02). Across study designs, age of population was a source of heterogeneity, with stronger effects observed among younger (<50 years) populations. The present meta-analysis supports a protective association between LTPA and pancreatic cancer with an 11% risk reduction observed. LTPA appears to have the strongest effect among young populations. Additional investigations are needed to provide insights regarding the impact of LTPA in healthy adult populations, to reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer and encourage increases in LTPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Farris
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mohammed H Mosli
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Department of General Medicine and Clinics, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alison A McFadden
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darren R Brenner
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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12
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of physical activity and endometrial cancer risk. Eur J Epidemiol 2015; 30:397-412. [PMID: 25800123 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-015-0017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity is related to decreased endometrial cancer risk. However, a comprehensive investigation of activity domains, intensities, time periods in life, and potential interaction with body mass index is unavailable. We performed a meta-analysis of physical activity and endometrial cancer studies published through October 2014. We identified 33 eligible studies comprising 19,558 endometrial cancer cases. High versus low physical activity was related to reduced endometrial cancer risk [relative risk (RR) = 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75-0.85]. The corresponding RRs for recreational activity, occupational activity, household activity, and walking were 0.84 (95% CI 0.78-0.91), 0.81 (95% CI 0.75-0.87), 0.70 (95% CI 0.47-1.02), and 0.82 (95% CI 0.69-0.97), respectively (Pdifference). Walking/biking for transportation, walking for recreation, and walking without specification revealed summary RRs of 0.70 (95% CI 0.58-0.85), 0.94 (95% CI 0.76-1.17), and 0.88 (95% CI 0.52-1.50), respectively (Pdifference). Inverse associations were noted for light (RR 0.65; 95% CI 0.49-0.86), moderate to vigorous (RR 0.83; 95 % CI 0.71-0.96), and vigorous activity (RR 0.80; 95% CI 0.72-0.90; (Pdifference). A statistically significant inverse relation was found for postmenopausal (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.67-0.97), but not premenopausal women (RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.49-1.13; (Pdifference). Physical activity performed during childhood/adolescence, young adulthood/midlife, and older age yielded RRs of 0.94 (95% CI 0.82-1.08), 0.77 (95% CI 0.58-1.01), and 0.69 (95% CI 0.37-1.28), respectively (Pdifference). An inverse relation was evident in overweight/obese (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.52-0.91), but not normal weight women (RR 0.97; 95% CI 0.84-1.13; (Pdifference). In conclusion, recreational physical activity, occupational physical activity, and walking/biking for transportation are related to decreased endometrial cancer risk. Inverse associations are evident for physical activity of light, moderate to vigorous, and vigorous intensities. The inverse relation with physical activity is limited to women who are overweight or obese.
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13
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Behrens G, Jochem C, Schmid D, Keimling M, Ricci C, Leitzmann MF. Physical activity and risk of pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol 2015; 30:279-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s10654-015-0014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Jochem C, Leitzmann MF, Keimling M, Schmid D, Behrens G. Physical Activity in Relation to Risk of Hematologic Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:833-46. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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15
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Physical activity, diabetes, and risk of thyroid cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol 2013; 28:945-58. [PMID: 24243033 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-013-9865-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer incidence has been increasing more rapidly over time than the occurrence of cancers of other sites, and interest in potential adverse relations of diabetes and lack of physical activity to thyroid cancer risk is accumulating. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published epidemiologic studies on the relations of physical activity and diabetes to thyroid cancer according to the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Published studies were identified through a search in MEDLINE and EMBASE. Random-effects models were used to summarize thyroid cancer risk estimates comparing high versus low levels of physical activity, and separately, comparing individuals with diabetes versus those without diabetes. Meta-regression analyses were performed to evaluate potential effect modification by study design and thyroid cancer risk factors. Information was extracted from seven studies of physical activity and thyroid cancer and from six studies of diabetes and thyroid cancer. The number of individuals from studies on physical activity was 939,305 (yielding 2,250 incident thyroid cancer cases) and from studies on diabetes it was 960,840 (yielding 1,230 cases). The summary relative risk (RR) estimate from cohort and case-control studies combined indicated no association between physical activity and thyroid cancer (summary RR 1.06, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.79-1.42). Subgroup-analyses revealed a significant positive association between physical activity and thyroid cancer in cohort studies (summary RR 1.28; 95 % CI 1.01-1.63), whereas the relation was suggestively inverse in case-control studies (summary RR 0.70; 95 % CI 0.48-1.03; p for heterogeneity = 0.005). Individuals with diabetes showed a borderline statistically significant increased risk of thyroid cancer compared with those without diabetes (summary RR 1.17; 95 % CI 0.99-1.39). The relations of physical activity and diabetes to thyroid cancer were not modified by sex, number of adjustment factors, and adjustments for adiposity, smoking, and study quality. In this comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis, no significant association between physical activity and thyroid cancer was found. Diabetes showed a suggestive positive relation with risk of thyroid cancer.
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Lindqvist AS, Moberg T, Ehrnborg C, Eriksson BO, Fahlke C, Rosén T. Increased mortality rate and suicide in Swedish former elite male athletes in power sports. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2013; 24:1000-5. [PMID: 24033718 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Physical training has been shown to reduce mortality in normal subjects, and athletes have a healthier lifestyle after their active career as compared with normal subjects. Since the 1950s, the use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) has been frequent, especially in power sports. The aim of the present study was to investigate mortality, including causes of death, in former Swedish male elite athletes, active 1960-1979, in wrestling, powerlifting, Olympic lifting, and the throwing events in track and field when the suspicion of former AAS use was high. Results indicate that, during the age period of 20-50 years, there was an excess mortality of around 45%. However, when analyzing the total study period, the mortality was not increased. Mortality from suicide was increased 2-4 times among the former athletes during the period of 30-50 years of age compared with the general population of men. Mortality rate from malignancy was lower among the athletes. As the use of AAS was marked between 1960 and 1979 and was not doping-listed until 1975, it seems probable that the effect of AAS use might play a part in the observed increased mortality and suicide rate. The otherwise healthy lifestyle among the athletes might explain the low malignancy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-S Lindqvist
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden; Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
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Walter RB, Buckley SA, White E. Regular recreational physical activity and risk of hematologic malignancies: results from the prospective VITamins And lifestyle (VITAL) study. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:1370-7. [PMID: 23247659 PMCID: PMC3629898 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conflicting evidence exists on the relationship between physical activity (PA) and incident hematologic malignancies. Herein, we used a large cohort study to examine this association. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-five thousand three hundred twenty-two volunteers aged 50-76 years were recruited from 2000 to 2002. Incident hematologic malignancies (n = 666) were identified through 2009 by linkage to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry. Hazard ratios (HRs) for hematologic malignancies associated with PA averaged over 10 years before baseline were estimated with Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for factors associated with hematologic cancers or PA. RESULTS There was a decreased risk of hematologic malignancies associated with PA (HR = 0.66 [95% confidence interval, 95% CI 0.51-0.86] for the highest tertile of all PA, P-trend = 0.005, and HR = 0.60 [95% CI 0.44-0.82] for the highest tertile of moderate/high-intensity PA, P-trend = 0.002). These associations were strongest for myeloid neoplasms (HR = 0.48 [95% CI 0.29-0.79] for the highest tertile of all PA, P-trend = 0.013, and HR = 0.40 [95% CI 0.21-0.77] for the highest tertile of moderate/high-intensity PA, P-trend = 0.016). There were also significant associations between PA and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma or other mature B-cell lymphomas except plasma cell disorders. CONCLUSIONS Our study offers the strongest epidemiological evidence, to date, to suggest an association between regular PA and dose-dependent risk reduction for most hematologic malignancies, particularly myeloid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Walter
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.
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