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Polański J, Świątoniowska-Lonc N, Kołaczyńska S, Chabowski M. Diet as a Factor Supporting Lung Cancer Treatment-A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061477. [PMID: 36986207 PMCID: PMC10053575 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to summarize the evidence from epidemiological studies concerning associations between diet and the effectiveness of treatment for lung cancer. For this review, a literature search has been conducted in the EMBASE and PubMed databases, including papers published between 1977 and June 2022. The term "lung cancer" was used in conjunction with "diet". Footnotes from the selected papers were also analyzed. The present study is in line with the recommendations included in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The review included studies involving adults, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort and observational studies. In total, 863 papers were found, with duplicates excluded. Ultimately, 20 papers were reviewed. The present systematic review indicates that vitamin A, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), vitamin E, selenium, and zinc-as antioxidants-can strengthen the body's antioxidant barrier. Furthermore, preoperative immunonutrition may not only improve perioperative nutritional status following induction chemoradiotherapy in lung cancer surgery patients but also reduce the severity of postoperative complications. Similarly, a protein supply may exert a beneficial effect on human health by increasing average body weight and muscle mass. Omega-3 fatty acid content in the diet and the consumption of their main source, fish, may have some regulatory effect on inflammation in patients with lung cancer treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In addition, n-3 fatty acids inhibit tumor cell proliferation and may reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy. Increased energy and protein intake are strongly associated with improved quality of life, functional outcomes, hand grip strength, symptoms, and performance in patients with lung cancer. The use of a supportive diet should be the standard of care, alongside pharmaceutical therapy, in treatment for patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Polański
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension, and Clinical Oncology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Sylwia Kołaczyńska
- Department of Clinical Oncology, 4th Military Teaching Hospital, 50-981 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mariusz Chabowski
- Division of Anesthesiological and Surgical Nursing, Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Surgery, 4th Military Teaching Hospital, 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland
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Cortés‐Jofré M, Rueda J, Asenjo‐Lobos C, Madrid E, Bonfill Cosp X. Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 3:CD002141. [PMID: 32130738 PMCID: PMC7059884 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd002141.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is the second update of this Cochrane Review. Some studies have suggested a protective effect of antioxidant nutrients and higher dietary levels of fruits and vegetables on lung cancer. OBJECTIVES To determine whether vitamins and minerals and other potential agents, alone or in combination, reduce lung cancer incidence and lung cancer mortality in healthy populations. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE and Embase from 1974 to May 2019 and screened references included in published studies and reviews. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing vitamins or mineral supplements with placebo, administered to healthy people with the aim of preventing lung cancer. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Four review authors independently selected the trials to be included in the review, assessed their methodological quality and extracted data. For dichotomous outcomes we calculated risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and pooled results using the random-effects model. We assessed the risk of bias using Cochrane's 'Risk of bias' assessment tool and certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS In this update, we identified three new trials for a total of 12 studies. Six analysed vitamin A, three vitamin C, three combined vitamin D3 + calcium, four vitamin E combined with other products, one selenium supplements and nine studied combinations of two or more products. Four studies included only men and five only women. Vitamin A results in little to no difference in lung cancer incidence (RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.19; 5 RCTs, 212314 participants; high-certainty evidence) and lung cancer mortality (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.38; 3 RCTs, 190118 participants; high-certainty evidence). But in smokers or asbestos workers vitamin A increases the risk of lung cancer incidence (RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.20; 3 RCTs, 43995 participants; high-certainty evidence), lung cancer mortality (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.38; 2 RCTs, 29426 participants; high-certainty evidence) and all-cause mortality (RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.13; 2 RCTs, 32883 participants; high-certainty evidence). Vitamin A increases the risk of minor side effects, such as yellowing of the skin and minor gastrointestinal symptoms (high-certainty evidence). Vitamin C likely results in little to no difference in lung cancer incidence (RR 1.29, 95% CI 0.67 to 2.49; 2 RCTs, 14953 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). In women, vitamin C increases the risk of lung cancer incidence (RR 1.84, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.95; 1 RCT, 7627 participants; high-certainty evidence). In men, vitamin C results in little to no difference in mortality for lung cancer (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.23; 1 RCT, 7326 participants; high-certainty evidence). Vitamin D + calcium may result in little to no difference in lung cancer incidence in postmenopausal women (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.39 to 2.08; 3 RCTs, 37601 women; low-certainty evidence). Vitamin E results in little to no difference in lung cancer incidence (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.14; 3 RCTs, 36841 participants; high-certainty evidence) or to lung cancer mortality (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.18; 2 RCTs, 29214 participants; high-certainty evidence), but increases the risk of haemorrhagic strokes (hazard ratio (HR), 1.74, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.91; 1 RCT, 14641 participants; high-certainty evidence). Calcium results in little to no difference in lung cancer incidence in postmenopausal women (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.13 to 3.18; 1 RCT, 733 participants) or in risk of renal calculi (RR 1.94, 95% CI 0.20 to 18.57; 1 RCT, 733 participants; low-certainty evidence). Selenium in men results in little to no difference in lung cancer incidence (RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.54; 1 RCT, 17448 participants; high-certainty evidence) and lung cancer mortality (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.66; 1 RCT, 17448 participants; high-certainty evidence) and increases the risk for grade 1 to 2 dermatitis (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.31; 1 RCT, 17448 participants; high-certainty evidence) and for alopecia (RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.53; 1 RCT, 17448 participants; high-certainty evidence). The combination of vitamins A, C, E + selenium + zinc results in little to no difference in lung cancer incidence (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.48; 1 RCT, 12741 participants; high-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Well-designed RCTs have shown no beneficial effect of supplements for the prevention of lung cancer and lung cancer mortality in healthy people. Vitamin A supplements increase lung cancer incidence and mortality in smokers or persons exposed to asbestos. Vitamin C increases lung cancer incidence in women. Vitamin E increases the risk of haemorrhagic strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Cortés‐Jofré
- Universidad Católica de la SantísimaConcepciónChile
- Autonomous University of BarcelonaDoctoral Program in Research Methodology and Public HealthBarcelonaSpain
| | - José‐Ramón Rueda
- University of the Basque CountryDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthBarrio SarrienaS.N.LeioaBizkaiaSpainE‐48080
| | - Claudia Asenjo‐Lobos
- Autonomous University of BarcelonaDoctoral Program in Research Methodology and Public HealthBarcelonaSpain
- University of ConcepciónConcepciónChile
| | - Eva Madrid
- Cochrane Centre School of Medicine Universidad de ValparaisoInterdisciplinary Centre for Health Studies CIESALViña del MarChile
| | - Xavier Bonfill Cosp
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau)Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167Pavilion 18BarcelonaCatalunyaSpain08025
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Zhou W, Zhu W, Tong X, Ming S, Ding Y, Li Y, Li Y. CHRNA5 rs16969968 polymorphism is associated with lung cancer risk: A meta-analysis. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2020; 14:505-513. [PMID: 32049419 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the genetic association between rs16969968 and lung cancer risk by meta-analysis. DATA SOURCE We searched eligible studies from MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE up to Dec, 2017. STUDY SELECTION Association studies concerning rs16969968 and lung cancer risk were included. We assessed the association strength between this polymorphism and risk of lung cancer by calculating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). RESULTS A total of 26 data sets comprising 30 772 lung cancers and 90 954 controls were included. rs16969968 was found to be associated with lung cancer risk in population of European ancestry in all models (A vs. G: OR = 1.30, 95%CI 1.27-1.33, P < 0.001; AA + GA vs. GG: OR = 1.38, 95%CI 1.33-1.43, P < 0.001; AA vs. GG + GA: OR = 1.45, 95%CI 1.38-1.53, P < 0.001), consistent with previous genome-wide association study (GWAS). However, no association was observed in Asians (A vs. G: OR = 1.19. 95%CI 0.95-1.49, P = 0.131). The minor allele A may increase the risk of lung cancer in both smokers (OR = 1.33, 95%CI 1.29-1.39, P < 0.001) and nonsmokers (OR = 1.25, 95%CI 1.12-1.39, P < 0.001). There was no obvious publication bias in all analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis provided more evidence that rs16969968 is a susceptibility locus of lung cancer in the Caucasians and that it may be not associated with the risk in the Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Zhu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xunliang Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhong Ming
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanming Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
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Rosenberger A, Hung RJ, Christiani DC, Caporaso NE, Liu G, Bojesen SE, Le Marchand L, Haiman CA, Albanes D, Aldrich MC, Tardon A, Fernández-Tardón G, Rennert G, Field JK, Kiemeney B, Lazarus P, Haugen A, Zienolddiny S, Lam S, Schabath MB, Andrew AS, Brunnsstöm H, Goodman GE, Doherty JA, Chen C, Teare MD, Wichmann HE, Manz J, Risch A, Muley TR, Johansson M, Brennan P, Landi MT, Amos CI, Pesch B, Johnen G, Brüning T, Bickeböller H, Gomolka M. Genetic modifiers of radon-induced lung cancer risk: a genome-wide interaction study in former uranium miners. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2018; 91:937-950. [PMID: 29971594 PMCID: PMC6375683 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-018-1334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radon is a risk factor for lung cancer and uranium miners are more exposed than the general population. A genome-wide interaction analysis was carried out to identify genomic loci, genes or gene sets that modify the susceptibility to lung cancer given occupational exposure to the radioactive gas radon. METHODS Samples from 28 studies provided by the International Lung Cancer Consortium were pooled with samples of former uranium miners collected by the German Federal Office of Radiation Protection. In total, 15,077 cases and 13,522 controls, all of European ancestries, comprising 463 uranium miners were compared. The DNA of all participants was genotyped with the OncoArray. We fitted single-marker and in multi-marker models and performed an exploratory gene-set analysis to detect cumulative enrichment of significance in sets of genes. RESULTS We discovered a genome-wide significant interaction of the marker rs12440014 within the gene CHRNB4 (OR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.11-0.60, p = 0.0386 corrected for multiple testing). At least suggestive significant interaction of linkage disequilibrium blocks was observed at the chromosomal regions 18q21.23 (p = 1.2 × 10-6), 5q23.2 (p = 2.5 × 10-6), 1q21.3 (p = 3.2 × 10-6), 10p13 (p = 1.3 × 10-5) and 12p12.1 (p = 7.1 × 10-5). Genes belonging to the Gene Ontology term "DNA dealkylation involved in DNA repair" (GO:0006307; p = 0.0139) or the gene family HGNC:476 "microRNAs" (p = 0.0159) were enriched with LD-blockwise significance. CONCLUSION The well-established association of the genomic region 15q25 to lung cancer might be influenced by exposure to radon among uranium miners. Furthermore, lung cancer susceptibility is related to the functional capability of DNA damage signaling via ubiquitination processes and repair of radiation-induced double-strand breaks by the single-strand annealing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Rosenberger
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg August University Göttingen, Humboldtallee 32, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Ch A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Demetrios Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melinda C Aldrich
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Adonina Tardon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo and CIBERESP, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Gad Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center at Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - John K Field
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B Kiemeney
- Departments of Health Evidence and Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Lazarus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Aage Haugen
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Stephen Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew B Schabath
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Angeline S Andrew
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Hans Brunnsstöm
- Laboratory Medicine Region Skåne, Department of Clinical Sciences and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Jennifer A Doherty
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
- Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chu Chen
- Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Dawn Teare
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - H-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Judith Manz
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angela Risch
- Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Salzburg and Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas R Muley
- Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Beate Pesch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Georg Johnen
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Heike Bickeböller
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg August University Göttingen, Humboldtallee 32, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria Gomolka
- Unit Biological Radiation Effects, Biological Dosimetry, Department of Radiation Protection and Health, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, BfS, Neuherberg, Germany
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Qu X, Wang K, Dong W, Shen H, Wang Y, Liu Q, Du J. Association between two CHRNA3 variants and susceptibility of lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20149. [PMID: 26831765 PMCID: PMC4735583 DOI: 10.1038/srep20149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified two CHRNA3 polymorphisms (rs578776 and rs938682) associated with lung cancer risk. Furthermore, these polymorphisms were investigated and genotyped by PCR analysis. All eligible case-control studies published up to Mar 1st 2015 were identified by searching Pubmed and Embase database. Negative association between rs578776-T allele and risk of lung cancer was obtained without obvious heterogeneity (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.79-0.86; p = 0.898 for Q test). Rs938682-C allele carriers had a 12% to 28% decreased risk. Genotype model analysis showed results of dominant model for rs578776 (OR with 95% CI: 0.839(0.718-0.981)), dominant model for rs938682 (OR with 95% CI: 0.778(0.663-0.912)) and homozygous model for rs938682 (OR with 95% CI: 0.767(0.708-0.831)) were statistically significant. Subgroup analysis indicated rs578776-T variant had protective effect in Smokers, Caucasians, two histology subgroups, and two match subgroups. Meanwhile, rs938682-C allele was associated with decreased risk in Smokers, Caucasians, Lung cancer, and two match subgroups. Meta-regression suggested ethnicity might be the major source of heterogeneity in allele model and homozygous model for rs938682. Moreover, smoking status might contribute to part of heterogeneity under allele model. In summary, this meta-analysis suggested both rs578776 and rs938682 were significantly associated with the susceptibility of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Qu
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021 P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021 P.R. China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021 P.R. China
| | - Hongchang Shen
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021 P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021 P.R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021 P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Du
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021 P.R. China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021 P.R. China
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Kupiainen H, Kuokkanen M, Kontto J, Virtamo J, Salomaa V, Lindqvist A, Kilpeläinen M, Laitinen T. CHRNA5/CHRNA3 Locus Associates with Increased Mortality among Smokers. COPD 2016; 13:464-70. [PMID: 26751916 DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2015.1049260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene (CHRNA5/CHRNA3 locus) have been associated with several smoking related traits such as nicotine dependence, cigarette consumption, smoking cessation, lung cancer, and COPD. The aim of this candidate gene study was to study the locus among the Finnish COPD patients and long-term smokers with regard to COPD risk, smoking behavior, cancer, and all-cause mortality. Genotyping of rs1051730, the locus tagging SNP was done in two longitudinal cohorts: Finnish COPD patients (N = 575, 74% men) and long-term smokers, all men (N = 1911). Finnish population sample (N = 1730) was used as controls. The analyses were done using logistic and Cox regression. The main findings were that the minor allele increased the risk of COPD when compared to the Finnish population at large (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.2-1.7, p = 3.2 × 10-5). Homozygosity for the risk allele was associated in both cohorts with all-cause mortality (crude HR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2-3.8 and 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.5, respectively), with any type of cancer (crude OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.0-5.1) among the COPD patients and with the number of pack-years (crude OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.9) among the male smokers. CHRNA5/CHRNA3 locus tagged by rs1051730, which has been previously associated with several smoking related diseases was now shown to be associated also with increased all-cause mortality among long-term smokers with or without clinical COPD further emphasizing the clinical importance of the finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Kupiainen
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology , University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,b Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology , Helsinki University Central Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Mikko Kuokkanen
- b Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology , Helsinki University Central Hospital , Helsinki , Finland.,c Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Kontto
- c Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarmo Virtamo
- c Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- c Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Lindqvist
- b Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology , Helsinki University Central Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Maritta Kilpeläinen
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology , University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tarja Laitinen
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology , University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Lutz SM, Cho MH, Young K, Hersh CP, Castaldi PJ, McDonald ML, Regan E, Mattheisen M, DeMeo DL, Parker M, Foreman M, Make BJ, Jensen RL, Casaburi R, Lomas DA, Bhatt SP, Bakke P, Gulsvik A, Crapo JD, Beaty TH, Laird NM, Lange C, Hokanson JE, Silverman EK. A genome-wide association study identifies risk loci for spirometric measures among smokers of European and African ancestry. BMC Genet 2015; 16:138. [PMID: 26634245 PMCID: PMC4668640 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-015-0299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary function decline is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality among smokers. Post bronchodilator FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio are considered the standard assessment of airflow obstruction. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 9919 current and former smokers in the COPDGene study (6659 non-Hispanic Whites [NHW] and 3260 African Americans [AA]) to identify associations with spirometric measures (post-bronchodilator FEV1 and FEV1/FVC). We also conducted meta-analysis of FEV1 and FEV1/FVC GWAS in the COPDGene, ECLIPSE, and GenKOLS cohorts (total n = 13,532). RESULTS Among NHW in the COPDGene cohort, both measures of pulmonary function were significantly associated with SNPs at the 15q25 locus [containing CHRNA3/5, AGPHD1, IREB2, CHRNB4] (lowest p-value = 2.17 × 10(-11)), and FEV1/FVC was associated with a genomic region on chromosome 4 [upstream of HHIP] (lowest p-value = 5.94 × 10(-10)); both regions have been previously associated with COPD. For the meta-analysis, in addition to confirming associations to the regions near CHRNA3/5 and HHIP, genome-wide significant associations were identified for FEV1 on chromosome 1 [TGFB2] (p-value = 8.99 × 10(-9)), 9 [DBH] (p-value = 9.69 × 10(-9)) and 19 [CYP2A6/7] (p-value = 3.49 × 10(-8)) and for FEV1/FVC on chromosome 1 [TGFB2] (p-value = 8.99 × 10(-9)), 4 [FAM13A] (p-value = 3.88 × 10(-12)), 11 [MMP3/12] (p-value = 3.29 × 10(-10)) and 14 [RIN3] (p-value = 5.64 × 10(-9)). CONCLUSIONS In a large genome-wide association study of lung function in smokers, we found genome-wide significant associations at several previously described loci with lung function or COPD. We additionally identified a novel genome-wide significant locus with FEV1 on chromosome 9 [DBH] in a meta-analysis of three study populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Lutz
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Place, B119 Bldg. 500, W3128, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kendra Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Craig P Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Peter J Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Merry-Lynn McDonald
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Regan
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Margaret Parker
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | - Barry J Make
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
| | - Robert L Jensen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Richard Casaburi
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.
| | - David A Lomas
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Surya P Bhatt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Per Bakke
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Amund Gulsvik
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - James D Crapo
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
| | - Terri H Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Nan M Laird
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Christoph Lange
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - John E Hokanson
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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8
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Han Z, Jiang Q, Zhang T, Wu X, Ma R, Wang J, Bai Y, Wang R, Tan R, Wang Y. Analyzing large-scale samples confirms the association between the rs1051730 polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15642. [PMID: 26508385 PMCID: PMC4623668 DOI: 10.1038/srep15642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The early genome-wide association studies (GWAS) found a significant association between lung cancer and rs1051730 (15q25) polymorphism. However, the subsequent studies reported consistent and inconsistent results in different populations. Three meta-analysis studies were thus performed to reevaluate the association. But their results remain inconsistent. After that, some new GWAS studies reported conflicting results again. We think that the divergence of these results may be due to small-scale samples or heterogeneity among different populations. Therefore, we reevaluated the association by collecting more samples (N = 33,617 cases and 116,639 controls) from 31 studies, which incorporate 8 new studies and 23 previous studies used by one or more of the three meta-analysis studies. We observed a significant association between lung cancer and rs1051730 in pooled population by using allele (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.27–1.34, P < 0.0001), dominant (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.29–1.55, P < 0.0001), recessive (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.42–1.65, P < 0.0001) and additive (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.61–1.90, P < 0.0001) models. Through the subgroup analysis, we observed a significant heterogeneity only in East Asian population (P = 0.006, I2 = 66.9%), and the association is significant in all subgroups (OR = 1.2976, 95% CI = 1.2622–1.3339 (European ancestry), OR = 1.5025, 95% CI = 1.2465–1.8110 (African), OR = 1.7818, 95% CI = 1.3915–2.2815 (East Asian), P < 0.0001). We believe that these results will contribute to understanding the genetic mechanism of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Qinghua Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Rui Ma
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jixuan Wang
- School of Software, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yang Bai
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Rongjie Wang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Renjie Tan
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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9
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Xu ZW, Wang GN, Dong ZZ, Li TH, Cao C, Jin YH. CHRNA5 rs16969968 Polymorphism Association with Risk of Lung Cancer - Evidence from 17,962 Lung Cancer Cases and 77,216 Control Subjects. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:6685-90. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.15.6685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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10
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Zhang L, Jin TB, Gao Y, Wang HJ, Yang H, Feng T, Chen C, Kang LL, Chen C. Meta-analysis of the association between the rs8034191 polymorphism in AGPHD1 and lung cancer risk. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:2713-7. [PMID: 25854352 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.7.2713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Possible associations between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs8034191 in the aminoglycosidephosphotransferase domain containing 1 (AGPHD1) gene and lung cancer risk have been studied by many researchers but the results have been contradictory. MATERIALS AND METHODS A computerized search for publications on rs8034191 and lung cancer risk was performed. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the association between rs8034191 and lung cancer risk with 13 selected case-control studies. Sensitivity analysis, test of heterogeneity, cumulative meta-analysis, and assessment of bias were also performed. RESULTS A significant association between rs8034191 and lung cancer susceptibility was found using the dominant genetic model (OR=1.344, 95% CI: 1.285-1.406), the additive genetic model (OR=1.613, 95% CI: 1.503-1.730), and the recessive genetic model (OR=1.408, 95% CI: 1.319-1.503). Moreover, an increased lung cancer risk was found with all genetic models after stratification of ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS The association between rs8034191 and lung cancer risk was significant using multiple genetic models, suggesting that rs8034191 is a risk factor for lung cancer. Further functional studies of this polymorphism and lung cancer risk are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China E-mail :
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11
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CHRNA3 genetic polymorphism and the risk of lung cancer in the Chinese Han smoking population. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4987-92. [PMID: 25656608 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide that result from the combined effected of smoking exposure and genetic susceptibility. CHRNA3, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene, was associated with lung cancer risk. The aim of this study was to identify whether CHRNA3 polymorphisms increase lung cancer risk directly or indirectly through smoking behavior in the Chinese Han individuals. We conducted a case-control study including 228 individuals with lung cancer and 301 healthy individuals. Seventeen known SNPs within CHRNA3 were selected for genotyping. Odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression with adjustment for gender and age. Two SNPs (rs8042059 and rs7177514) showed a 1.54-fold (p = 0.036; 95 % CI = 1.03-2.32) and 1.52-fold (p = 0.043; 95 % CI = 1.01-2.27) increased risk for lung cancer in smokers, respectively. Rs8042059 also showed a significant association for variant genotypes (CA/AA) compared with the wild-type genotype (CC), with an OR = 1.84 (p = 0.042; 95 % CI, 1.02-3.33) in the dominant model. In addition, the haplotype analysis found that the haplotypes "TCAC" and "CTGT," composed of rs938682, rs12914385, rs11637630, and rs2869546, were associated with a 1.79-fold and 501-fold increased lung cancer risk, respectively. However, the polymorphisms of all SNPs were not significantly different between controls and cases among general or nonsmokers population. Rs8042059 and rs7177514 may increase lung cancer risk indirectly through smoking behavior in the Chinese Han population.
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12
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Maurya SS, Anand G, Dhawan A, Khan AJ, Jain SK, Pant MC, Parmar D. Polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes and risk to head and neck cancer: evidence for gene-gene and gene-environment interaction. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2014; 55:134-144. [PMID: 24519899 DOI: 10.1002/em.21837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A case-control study involving 750 cases with squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) and an equal number of healthy controls was initiated to investigate the association of polymorphisms in the drug metabolizing genes cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), CYP1B1, CYP2E1 and glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) with the risk of developing cancer. Attempts were also made to identify the role and nature of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in modifying the susceptibility to HNSCC. Polymorphisms in drug metabolizing CYPs or GSTM1 showed modest associations with cancer risk. However, cases carrying haplotypes with variant alleles of both CYP1A1*2A and *2C or CYP1B1*2 and *3 or CYP2E1*5B and *6 were at significant risk of developing HNSCC. Likewise, cases carrying a combination of variant genotypes of CYPs and GSM1 (null) were at higher risk (up to 5-fold) of developing HNSCC. HNSCC risk also increased several-fold in cases carrying variant genotypes of CYPs who were regular tobacco smokers (8-18-fold), tobacco chewers (3-7-fold), or alcohol users (2-4-fold). Statistical analysis revealed a more than multiplicative interaction between combinations of the variant genotypes of CYPs and GSTM1 (null) and between variant genotypes and tobacco smoking or chewing or alcohol consumption, in both case-control and case-only designs. The data thus suggest that although polymorphisms in carcinogen-metabolizing CYPs may be a modest risk factor for developing HNSCC, gene-gene, and gene-environment interactions play a significant role in modifying the susceptibility to HNSCC.
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13
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Macqueen DA, Heckman BW, Blank MD, Janse Van Rensburg K, Park JY, Drobes DJ, Evans DE. Variation in the α 5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene predicts cigarette smoking intensity as a function of nicotine content. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2013; 14:70-6. [PMID: 23358500 PMCID: PMC3778124 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2012.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the α5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene, rs16969968, has been repeatedly associated with both smoking and respiratory health phenotypes. However, there remains considerable debate as to whether associations with lung cancer are mediated through effects on smoking behavior. Preclinical studies suggest that α5 receptor subunit expression and function may play a direct role in nicotine titration during self-administration. The present study investigated the association of CHRNA5 polymorphisms and smoking topography in 66 smokers asked to smoke 4 nicotine containing (nicotine yield = .60 mg) and 4 placebo (nicotine yield < .05 mg) cigarettes, during separate experimental sessions. Genotype at rs16969968 predicted nicotine titration, with homozygotes for the major allele (G:G) displaying significantly reduced puff volume in response to nicotine, while minor allele carriers (A:G or AA) produced equivalent puff volumes for placebo and nicotine cigarettes. The present results suggest that puff volume may be a more powerful objective phenotype of smoking behavior than self-reported cigarettes per day and nicotine dependence. Further, these results suggest that the association between rs16969968 and lung cancer may be mediated by the quantity of smoke inhaled.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Macqueen
- University of South Florida, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - B W Heckman
- University of South Florida, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - M D Blank
- University of South Florida, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - K Janse Van Rensburg
- University of South Florida, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - J Y Park
- University of South Florida, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - D J Drobes
- University of South Florida, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - D E Evans
- University of South Florida, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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14
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Swartz MD, Peterson CB, Lupo PJ, Wu X, Forman MR, Spitz MR, Hernandez LM, Vannucci M, Shete S. Investigating multiple candidate genes and nutrients in the folate metabolism pathway to detect genetic and nutritional risk factors for lung cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53475. [PMID: 23372658 PMCID: PMC3553105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Folate metabolism, with its importance to DNA repair, provides a promising region for genetic investigation of lung cancer risk. This project investigates genes (MTHFR, MTR, MTRR, CBS, SHMT1, TYMS), folate metabolism related nutrients (B vitamins, methionine, choline, and betaine) and their gene-nutrient interactions. METHODS We analyzed 115 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 15 nutrients from 1239 and 1692 non-Hispanic white, histologically-confirmed lung cancer cases and controls, respectively, using stochastic search variable selection (a Bayesian model averaging approach). Analyses were stratified by current, former, and never smoking status. RESULTS Rs6893114 in MTRR (odds ratio [OR] = 2.10; 95% credible interval [CI]: 1.20-3.48) and alcohol (drinkers vs. non-drinkers, OR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.26-0.84) were associated with lung cancer risk in current smokers. Rs13170530 in MTRR (OR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.10-2.87) and two SNP*nutrient interactions [betaine*rs2658161 (OR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.19-0.88) and betaine*rs16948305 (OR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.30-0.91)] were associated with lung cancer risk in former smokers. SNPs in MTRR (rs13162612; OR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.11-0.58; rs10512948; OR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.41-0.90; rs2924471; OR = 3.31; 95% CI: 1.66-6.59), and MTHFR (rs9651118; OR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.43-0.95) and three SNP*nutrient interactions (choline*rs10475407; OR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.11-2.42; choline*rs11134290; OR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.27-0.92; and riboflavin*rs8767412; OR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.15-0.95) were associated with lung cancer risk in never smokers. CONCLUSIONS This study identified possible nutrient and genetic factors related to folate metabolism associated with lung cancer risk, which could potentially lead to nutritional interventions tailored by smoking status to reduce lung cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Swartz
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
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15
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Ware JJ, van den Bree M, Munafò MR. From men to mice: CHRNA5/CHRNA3, smoking behavior and disease. Nicotine Tob Res 2012; 14:1291-9. [PMID: 22544838 PMCID: PMC3482013 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nts106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) gene cluster CHRNA5-A3-B4 on chromosome 15 has been the subject of a considerable body of research over recent years. Two highly correlated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within this region--rs16969968 in CHRNA5 and rs1051730 in CHRNA3--have generated particular interest. METHODS We reviewed the literature relating to SNPs rs16969968 and rs1051730 and smoking-related phenotypes, and clinical and preclinical studies, which shed light on the mechanisms underlying these associations. RESULTS Following the initial discovery of an association between this locus and smoking behavior, further associations with numerous phenotypes have been subsequently identified, including smoking-related behaviors, diseases, and cognitive phenotypes. Potential mechanisms thought to underlie these have also been described, as well as possible gene × environment interaction effects. CONCLUSIONS Perhaps counter to the usual route of scientific inquiry, these initial findings, based exclusively on human samples and strengthened by their identification through agnostic genome-wide methods, have led to preclinical research focused on determining the mechanism underlying these associations. Progress has been made using knockout mouse models, highlighting the importance of α5 nAChR subunits in regulating nicotine intake, particularly those localized to the habenula-interpeduncular nucleus pathway. Translational research seeking to evaluate the effect of nicotine challenge on brain activation as a function of rs16969968 genotype using neuroimaging technologies is now called for, which may point to new targets for novel smoking cessation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Ware
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University, 1st Floor Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park Campus, Cardiff CF14 4YS, United Kingdom.
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16
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Tammimäki A, Herder P, Li P, Esch C, Laughlin JR, Akk G, Stitzel JA. Impact of human D398N single nucleotide polymorphism on intracellular calcium response mediated by α3β4α5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Neuropharmacology 2012; 63:1002-11. [PMID: 22820273 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The human CHRNA5 D398N polymorphism (rs16969968) causes an aspartic acid to asparagine change in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α5 subunit gene. The N398 variant of CHRNA5 is linked to increased risk for nicotine dependence. In this study, we explored the effect of the CHRNA5 D398N polymorphism on the properties of human α3β4* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells. Addition of either D398 or N398 variant of α5 subunit in the α3β4* receptor did not affect total [(125)I]-epibatidine binding or surface expression of the receptor. However, addition of α5(D398) into α3β4* receptor decreased the maximal response to agonist without significantly affecting EC(50) in aequorin intracellular calcium assay. α3β4α5(N398) nAChRs showed further decreased maximal response. The differences in agonist efficacy between the receptor subtypes were found to be dependent upon the concentration of external calcium but independent of external sodium. Moreover, activation of α3β4α5 nAChRs led to significantly greater intracellular calcium release from IP(3) stores relative to α3β4 nAChRs although no effect of the α5 polymorphism was observed. Finally, inclusion of the α5 variant caused a small shift to the left in IC(50) for some of the antagonists tested, depending upon α5 variant but did not affect sensitivity of α3β4* receptors to desensitization in response to incubation with nicotine. In conclusion, addition of either variant of α5 into an α3β4α5 receptor similarly effects receptor pharmacology and function. However, the N398 variant exhibits a reduced response to agonists when extracellular calcium is high and it may lead to distinct downstream cellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Tammimäki
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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17
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Gu M, Dong X, Zhang X, Wang X, Qi Y, Yu J, Niu W. Strong association between two polymorphisms on 15q25.1 and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37970. [PMID: 22701590 PMCID: PMC3368941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between polymorphisms on 15q25.1 and lung cancer has been widely evaluated; however, the studies have yielded contradictory results. We sought to investigate this inconsistency by performing a comprehensive meta-analysis on two polymorphisms (CHRNA3 gene: rs1051730 and AGPHD1 gene: rs8034191) on 15q25.1. Methods Data were extracted from 15 and 14 studies on polymorphisms rs1051730 and rs8034191 involving 12301/14000 and 14075/12873 lung cancer cases/controls, respectively. The random-effects model was applied, addressing heterogeneity and publication bias. Results The two polymorphisms followed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for all studies (P>0.05). For rs1051730-G/A, carriers of A allele had a 36% increased risk for lung cancer (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27–1.46; P<0.0005), without heterogeneity (P = 0.258) or publication bias (PEgger = 0.462). For rs8034191-T/C, the allelic contrast indicated that C allele conferred a 23% increased risk for lung cancer (95% CI: 1.08–1.4; P = 0.002), with significant heterogeneity (P<0.0005), without publication bias (PEgger = 0.682). Subgroup analyses suggested that the between-study heterogeneity was derived from ethnicity, study design, matched information, and lung cancer subtypes. For example, the association of polymorphisms rs1051730 and rs8034191 with lung cancer was heterogeneous between Caucasians (OR = 1.32 and 1.22; 95% CI: 1.25–1.44 and 1.05–1.42; P<0.0005 and 0.008, respectively) and East Asians (OR = 1.51 and 1.03; 95% CI: 0.76–3 and 0.47–2.27; P = 0.237 and 0.934, respectively) under the allelic model, and this association was relatively strengthened under the dominant model. There was no observable publication bias for both polymorphisms. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that CHRNA3 gene rs1051730-A allele and AGPHD1 gene rs8034191-T allele might be risk-conferring factors for the development of lung cancer in Caucasians, but not in East-Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Gu
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Sakoda LC, Loomis MM, Doherty JA, Julianto L, Barnett MJ, Neuhouser ML, Thornquist MD, Weiss NS, Goodman GE, Chen C. Germ line variation in nucleotide excision repair genes and lung cancer risk in smokers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS 2012; 3:1-17. [PMID: 22493747 PMCID: PMC3316453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Since nucleotide excision repair (NER) is primarily responsible for detecting and removing bulky DNA lesions induced by tobacco smoke in the respiratory tract, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NER protein-encoding genes may influence lung cancer risk, particularly in smokers. Studies testing this hypothesis have produced inconsistent results, with most analyzing a few SNPs in relatively small population samples. In a study nested in the Beta- Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial, we examined 79 tag and previously reported risk-associated SNPs in the ERCC1, ERCC2, ERCC3, ERCC4, ERCC5, LIG1, POLE, XPA, and XPC genes in 744 lung cancer cases and 1,477 controls, all of whom were non-Hispanic white smokers. Using logistic regression, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to estimate lung cancer risk associated with SNP genotypes and haplotypes, adjusting for case-control matching factors. Lung cancer risk was modestly associated with LIG1 rs156640 (OR per G allele, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.08-1.40), rs156641 (OR per A allele, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.08-1.40), and rs8100261 (OR per A allele, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.76-0.98); XPA rs3176658 (OR per A allele, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.69-1.00); and ERCC2 rs50871 (OR per C allele, 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01-1.30). Associations with LIG1 and XPA, but not ERCC2, haplotypes were found. The results of this study and others suggest that inherited variants in LIG1 and possibly other NER genes may predispose to smoking-related lung cancer. Given that chance likely accounts for one or more of the associations observed, replication of our findings is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori C Sakoda
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, USA
| | - Melissa M Loomis
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Doherty
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, USA
| | - Liberto Julianto
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, WA, USA
| | - Matt J Barnett
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, WA, USA
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark D Thornquist
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, WA, USA
| | - Noel S Weiss
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, USA
| | - Gary E Goodman
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, WA, USA
| | - Chu Chen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, USA
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