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D'Alonzo RA, Gill S, Rowshanfarzad P, Keam S, MacKinnon KM, Cook AM, Ebert MA. In vivo noninvasive preclinical tumor hypoxia imaging methods: a review. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:593-631. [PMID: 33703994 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1900943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumors exhibit areas of decreased oxygenation due to malformed blood vessels. This low oxygen concentration decreases the effectiveness of radiation therapy, and the resulting poor perfusion can prevent drugs from reaching areas of the tumor. Tumor hypoxia is associated with poorer prognosis and disease progression, and is therefore of interest to preclinical researchers. Although there are multiple different ways to measure tumor hypoxia and related factors, there is no standard for quantifying spatial and temporal tumor hypoxia distributions in preclinical research or in the clinic. This review compares imaging methods utilized for the purpose of assessing spatio-temporal patterns of hypoxia in the preclinical setting. Imaging methods provide varying levels of spatial and temporal resolution regarding different aspects of hypoxia, and with varying advantages and disadvantages. The choice of modality requires consideration of the specific experimental model, the nature of the required characterization and the availability of complementary modalities as well as immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A D'Alonzo
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Suki Gill
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Pejman Rowshanfarzad
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Synat Keam
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Kelly M MacKinnon
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Alistair M Cook
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Martin A Ebert
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia.,5D Clinics, Claremont, Australia
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Zhang X, Dai F, Chen J, Xie X, Xu H, Bai C, Qiao W, Shen W. Antitumor effect of curcumin liposome after transcatheter arterial embolization in VX2 rabbits. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 20:642-652. [PMID: 30621501 PMCID: PMC6606009 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1550567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypoxia may affect the therapeutic efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), which is widely used in nonsurgical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Liposomal curcumin can exert anticancer effect. Our purpose is to explore the antitumor effect of liposomal curcumin on the HCC after TAE. Methods: The HepG2 cells were cultured under hypoxic condition (1% O2) and then treated with curcumin liposome. Cell viability, apoptosis and cell cycle were respectively measured by CCK-8 and a flow cytometry. The VX2 rabbits were randomly distributed into three groups: control group with saline embolization, TAE group with lipiodol embolization and curcumin liposome group with curcumin liposome and lipiodol embolization. MRI and CT perfusion scanning were performed after embolization. The hepatocyte apoptosis was measured by the terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferse-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL). The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvessel density (MVD) were measured by immunohistochemical. RT-PCR and Western blot were performed to examine mRNA and protein levels. Results: By regulating the apoptosis-related molecules, curcumin liposome obviously inhibited the cell viability and promoted the apoptosis in G1 phase. Curcumin liposome reduced the tumor size and alleviated neoplasia in VX2 rabbits. Curcumin liposome decreased the expressions of MVD and VEGF and increased the apoptosis of liver tissues. The levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and survivin were suppressed by curcumin liposome both in hypoxic cells and liver tissues in the VX2 rabbits. Conclusion: Curcumin liposome exerted antitumor effect by regulating the proliferation- and apoptosis-related molecules. Curcumin liposome suppressed the HIF-1α and survivin levels and inhibited the angiogenesis in VX2 rabbits after TAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuming Zhang
- a Department of Radiology , Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital , Nanjing , China
| | - Feng Dai
- b Department of Intervention , The Second Hospital of Nanjing , Nanjing , China
| | - Jun Chen
- c Department of Intervention , Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- a Department of Radiology , Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital , Nanjing , China
| | - Hanzi Xu
- d Department of Radiotherapy , Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital , Nanjing , China
| | - Chenguang Bai
- a Department of Radiology , Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital , Nanjing , China
| | - Wei Qiao
- a Department of Radiology , Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital , Nanjing , China
| | - Wenrong Shen
- a Department of Radiology , Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital , Nanjing , China
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Kurz F, Ziener C, Rückl M, Hahn A, Sturm V, Zhang K, Buschle L, Bendszus M, Heiland S, Schlemmer H, Bauer W, Kampf T. The influence of spatial patterns of capillary networks on transverse relaxation. Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 40:31-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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McDaniel P, Bilgic B, Fan A, Stout J, Adalsteinsson E. Mitigation of partial volume effects in susceptibility-based oxygenation measurements by joint utilization of magnitude and phase (JUMP). Magn Reson Med 2017; 77:1713-1727. [PMID: 27059521 PMCID: PMC5052095 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Susceptibility-based blood oxygenation measurements in small vessels of the brain derive from gradient echo (GRE) phase and can provide localized assessment of brain function and pathology. However, when vessel diameter becomes smaller than the acquisition voxel size, partial volume effects compromise these measurements. The purpose of this study was to develop a technique to improve the reliability of vessel oxygenation estimates in the presence of partial volume effects. METHODS Intravoxel susceptibility variations are present when a vessel and parenchyma experience partial volume effects, modifying the voxel's GRE phase signal and attenuating the GRE magnitude signal. Using joint utilization of magnitude and phase (JUMP), both vessel susceptibility and voxel partial volume fraction can be estimated, providing measurements of venous oxygen saturation ( Yv) in straight, nearly vertical vessels that have improved robustness to partial volume effects. RESULTS JUMP was demonstrated by estimating vessel Yv in numerical and in vivo experiments. Deviations from ground truth of Yv measurements in vessels tilted up to 30° from B0 were reduced by over 50% when using JUMP compared with phase-only techniques. CONCLUSION JUMP exploits both magnitude and phase data in GRE imaging to mitigate partial volume effects in estimation of vessel oxygenation. Magn Reson Med 77:1713-1727, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick McDaniel
- Dept of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Berkin Bilgic
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Dept of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Audrey Fan
- Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Stout
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elfar Adalsteinsson
- Dept of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Ulrich X, Yablonskiy DA. Separation of cellular and BOLD contributions to T2* signal relaxation. Magn Reson Med 2016; 75:606-15. [PMID: 25754288 PMCID: PMC4565789 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The development of a reliable clinical technique for quantitative measurements of the parameters defining the BOLD effect, i.e., oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and deoxygenated cerebral blood volume, dCBV, is needed to study brain function in health and disease. Herein we propose such a technique that is based on a widely available gradient recalled echo (GRE) MRI. THEORY AND METHODS Our method is based on GRE with multiple echoes and a model of signal decay (Yablonskiy, MRM 1998) that takes into account microscopic cellular (R2), mesoscopic (BOLD), and macroscopic (background field gradients) contributions to the GRE signal decay with additional accounting for physiologic fluctuations. RESULTS Using 3 Tesla MRI, we generate high resolution quantitative maps of R2*, R2, R2', and tissue concentration of deoxyhemoglobin, the latter providing a quantitative version of SWI. Our results for OEF and dCBV in gray matter are in a reasonable agreement with the literature data. CONCLUSION The proposed approach allows generating high resolution maps of hemodynamic parameters using clinical MRI. The technique can be applied to study such tissues as gray matter, tumors, etc.; however, it requires further development for use in tissues where extra- and intracellular compartments possess substantially different frequencies and relaxation properties (e.g., white matter).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xialing Ulrich
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis MO, 63130, USA
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Bell C, Dowson N, Fay M, Thomas P, Puttick S, Gal Y, Rose S. Hypoxia imaging in gliomas with 18F-fluoromisonidazole PET: toward clinical translation. Semin Nucl Med 2015; 45:136-50. [PMID: 25704386 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
There is significant interest in the development of improved image-guided therapy for neuro-oncology applications. Glioblastomas (GBM) in particular present a considerable challenge because of their pervasive nature, propensity for recurrence, and resistance to conventional therapies. MRI is routinely used as a guide for planning treatment strategies. However, this imaging modality is not able to provide images that clearly delineate tumor boundaries and affords only indirect information about key tumor pathophysiology. With the emergence of PET imaging with new oncology radiotracers, mapping of tumor infiltration and other important molecular events such as hypoxia is now feasible within the clinical setting. In particular, the importance of imaging hypoxia levels within the tumoral microenvironment is gathering interest, as hypoxia is known to play a central role in glioma pathogenesis and resistance to treatment. One of the hypoxia radiotracers known for its clinical utility is (18)F-fluoromisodazole ((18)F-FMISO). In this review, we highlight the typical causes of treatment failure in gliomas that may be linked to hypoxia and outline current methods for the detection of hypoxia. We also provide an overview of the growing body of studies focusing on the clinical translation of (18)F-FMISO PET imaging, strengthening the argument for the use of (18)F-FMISO hypoxia imaging to help optimize and guide treatment strategies for patients with glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Bell
- CSIRO Preventative Health Flagship, CSIRO Computational Informatics, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia; CSIRO Computational Informatics, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas Dowson
- CSIRO Preventative Health Flagship, CSIRO Computational Informatics, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia; CSIRO Computational Informatics, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mike Fay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Thomas
- Specialised PET Services Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon Puttick
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yaniv Gal
- Centre for Medical Diagnostic Technologies in Queensland, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen Rose
- CSIRO Preventative Health Flagship, CSIRO Computational Informatics, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia; CSIRO Computational Informatics, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Levy EB, Gacchina Johnson C, Jacobs G, Woods DL, Sharma KV, Bacher JD, Lewis AL, Dreher MR, Wood BJ. Direct Quantification and Comparison of Intratumoral Hypoxia following Transcatheter Arterial Embolization of VX2 Liver Tumors with Different Diameter Microspheres. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015; 26:1567-1573. [PMID: 26231108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of embolic diameter on achievement of hypoxia after embolization in an animal model of liver tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Inoculation of VX2 tumors in the left liver lobe was performed successfully in 12 New Zealand white rabbits weighing 3.7 kg ± 0.5 (mean ± SD). Tumors were deemed eligible for oxygen measurements when the maximum transverse diameter measured 15 mm or more by ultrasound examination. Direct monitoring of oxygenation of implanted rabbit hepatic VX2 tumors was performed with a fiberoptic electrode during and after transarterial embolization of the proper hepatic artery to angiographic flow stasis with microspheres measuring 70-150 μm, 100-300 μm, or 300-500 μm in diameter. RESULTS Failure to achieve tumor hypoxia as defined despite angiographic flow stasis was observed in 10 of 11 animals. Embolization microsphere size effect failed to demonstrate a significant trend on hypoxia outcome among the diameters tested, and pair-wise comparisons of different embolic diameter treatment groups showed no difference in hypoxia outcome. All microsphere diameters tested resulted in similar absolute reduction (24.3 mm Hg ± 18.3, 29.1 mm Hg ± 1.8, and 19.9 mm Hg ± 9.3, P = .66) and percentage decrease in oxygen (56.0 mm Hg ± 23.9, 56.0 mm Hg ± 6.4, and 35.8 mm Hg ± 20.6, P = .65). Pair-wise comparisons for percent tumor area occupied by embolic agents showed a significantly reduced fraction for 300-500 μm diameters compared with 70-150 μm diameters (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS In the rabbit VX2 liver tumor model, three tested microsphere diameters failed to cause tumor hypoxia as measured by a fiberoptic probe sensor according to the adopted hypoxia definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot B Levy
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center and National Cancer Institute, and Office of Research Services, Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10/Room 1C367, Bethesda, MD 20892.
| | - Carmen Gacchina Johnson
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center and National Cancer Institute, and Office of Research Services, Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10/Room 1C367, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Genevieve Jacobs
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center and National Cancer Institute, and Office of Research Services, Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10/Room 1C367, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - David L Woods
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center and National Cancer Institute, and Office of Research Services, Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10/Room 1C367, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Karun V Sharma
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center and National Cancer Institute, and Office of Research Services, Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10/Room 1C367, Bethesda, MD 20892; Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - John D Bacher
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center and National Cancer Institute, and Office of Research Services, Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10/Room 1C367, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Andrew L Lewis
- Biocompatibles UK Ltd, a BTG International group company, Farnham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew R Dreher
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center and National Cancer Institute, and Office of Research Services, Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10/Room 1C367, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Bradford J Wood
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center and National Cancer Institute, and Office of Research Services, Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10/Room 1C367, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Walsh JC, Lebedev A, Aten E, Madsen K, Marciano L, Kolb HC. The clinical importance of assessing tumor hypoxia: relationship of tumor hypoxia to prognosis and therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1516-54. [PMID: 24512032 PMCID: PMC4159937 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is a well-established biological phenomenon that affects the curability of solid tumors, regardless of treatment modality. Especially for head and neck cancer patients, tumor hypoxia is linked to poor patient outcomes. Given the biological problems associated with tumor hypoxia, the goal for clinicians has been to identify moderately to severely hypoxic tumors for differential treatment strategies. The "gold standard" for detecting and characterizing of tumor hypoxia are the invasive polarographic electrodes. Several less invasive hypoxia assessment techniques have also shown promise for hypoxia assessment. The widespread incorporation of hypoxia information in clinical tumor assessment is severely impeded by several factors, including regulatory hurdles and unclear correlation with potential treatment decisions. There is now an acute need for approved diagnostic technologies for determining the hypoxia status of cancer lesions, as it would enable clinical development of personalized, hypoxia-based therapies, which will ultimately improve outcomes. A number of different techniques for assessing tumor hypoxia have evolved to replace polarographic pO2 measurements for assessing tumor hypoxia. Several of these modalities, either individually or in combination with other imaging techniques, provide functional and physiological information of tumor hypoxia that can significantly improve the course of treatment. The assessment of tumor hypoxia will be valuable to radiation oncologists, surgeons, and biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies who are engaged in developing hypoxia-based therapies or treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Walsh
- 1 Siemens Molecular Imaging, Inc. , Culver City, California
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Király A, Váradi T, Hajdu T, Rühl R, Galmarini CM, Szöllősi J, Nagy P. Hypoxia reduces the efficiency of elisidepsin by inhibiting hydroxylation and altering the structure of lipid rafts. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:4858-75. [PMID: 24317474 PMCID: PMC3877891 DOI: 10.3390/md11124858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of action of elisidepsin (PM02734, Irvalec®) is assumed to involve membrane permeabilization via attacking lipid rafts and hydroxylated lipids. Here we investigate the role of hypoxia in the mechanism of action of elisidepsin. Culturing under hypoxic conditions increased the half-maximal inhibitory concentration and decreased the drug’s binding to almost all cell lines which was reversed by incubation of cells with 2-hydroxy palmitic acid. The expression of fatty acid 2-hydroxylase was strongly correlated with the efficiency of the drug and inversely correlated with the effect of hypoxia. Number and brightness analysis and fluorescence anisotropy experiments showed that hypoxia decreased the clustering of lipid rafts and altered the structure of the plasma membrane. Although the binding of elisidepsin to the membrane is non-cooperative, its membrane permeabilizing effect is characterized by a Hill coefficient of ~3.3. The latter finding is in agreement with elisidepsin-induced clusters of lipid raft-anchored GFP visualized by confocal microscopy. We propose that the concentration of elisidepsin needs to reach a critical level in the membrane above which elisidepsin induces the disruption of the cell membrane. Testing for tumor hypoxia or the density of hydroxylated lipids could be an interesting strategy to increase the efficiency of elisidepsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Király
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary; E-Mails: (A.K.); (T.V.); (T.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Tímea Váradi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary; E-Mails: (A.K.); (T.V.); (T.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Tímea Hajdu
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary; E-Mails: (A.K.); (T.V.); (T.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary; E-Mail:
| | - Carlos M. Galmarini
- Cell Biology Department, PharmaMar, Avda de los Reyes 1, Pol. Ind. La Mina, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid 28770, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - János Szöllősi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary; E-Mails: (A.K.); (T.V.); (T.H.); (J.S.)
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Peter Nagy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary; E-Mails: (A.K.); (T.V.); (T.H.); (J.S.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +36-52-412-623; Fax: +36-52-532-201
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Yablonskiy DA, Sukstanskii AL, He X. Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD)-based techniques for the quantification of brain hemodynamic and metabolic properties - theoretical models and experimental approaches. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:963-86. [PMID: 22927123 PMCID: PMC3510357 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative evaluation of brain hemodynamics and metabolism, particularly the relationship between brain function and oxygen utilization, is important for the understanding of normal human brain operation, as well as the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. It can also be of great importance for the evaluation of hypoxia within tumors of the brain and other organs. A fundamental discovery by Ogawa and coworkers of the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast opened up the possibility to use this effect to study brain hemodynamic and metabolic properties by means of MRI measurements. Such measurements require the development of theoretical models connecting the MRI signal to brain structure and function, and the design of experimental techniques allowing MR measurements to be made of the salient features of theoretical models. In this review, we discuss several such theoretical models and experimental methods for the quantification of brain hemodynamic and metabolic properties. The review's main focus is on methods for the evaluation of the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) based on the measurement of the blood oxygenation level. A combination of the measurement of OEF and the cerebral blood flow (CBF) allows an evaluation to be made of the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2 ). We first consider in detail the magnetic properties of blood - magnetic susceptibility, MR relaxation and theoretical models of the intravascular contribution to the MR signal under different experimental conditions. We then describe a 'through-space' effect - the influence of inhomogeneous magnetic fields, created in the extravascular space by intravascular deoxygenated blood, on the formation of the MR signal. Further, we describe several experimental techniques taking advantage of these theoretical models. Some of these techniques - MR susceptometry and T2 -based quantification of OEF - utilize the intravascular MR signal. Another technique - quantitative BOLD - evaluates OEF by making use of through-space effects. In this review, we target both scientists just entering the MR field and more experienced MR researchers interested in the application of advanced BOLD-based techniques to the study of the brain in health and disease.
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Li YZ, Li SL, Li X, Wang LJ, Wang JL, Xu JW, Wu ZH, Gong L, Zhang XD. Expression of endogenous hypoxia markers in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:3675-80. [PMID: 23098453 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.8.3675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of endogenous hypoxia-related markers identified as being involved in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC). METHODS We performed immunohistochemical staining of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α), glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1), carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), on tissue sections of 25 VSCC patients, 10 vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) patients and 12 healthy controls. RESULTS HIF-1α expression was found in all sections, with no significant difference between controls, VIN and VSCC sections (all P<0.05). Glut-1 expression was found in 25% of control, 90% of VIN and 100% of VSCC sections. A significant difference between control and VIN or VSCC was observed (all P<0.05), while no difference was found between VIN and VSCC sections (P>0.05). CA-9 expression was negative in control sections, but it was found in 30% of VIN sections and 52% of VSCC sections with strong staining. Similarly, CA-9 expression also showed obvious differences between controls and VIN or VSCC sections (all P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between VIN and VSCC (P>0.05). There were only 25% of control sections with weak VEGF expression, while strong staining was found in about 60% of VIN sections and 25% of VSCC sections (all P<0.05). In addition, a difference was also found between VIN and VSCC sections (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Expression of endogenous hypoxia markers (HIF-1α, GLUT-1, CA-9 and VEGF) might be involved in the malignant progression of VSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhu Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, China.
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Diou O, Tsapis N, Fattal E. Targeted nanotheranostics for personalized cancer therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:1475-87. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.736486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wang X, Sukstanskii AL, Yablonskiy DA. Optimization strategies for evaluation of brain hemodynamic parameters with qBOLD technique. Magn Reson Med 2012; 69:1034-43. [PMID: 22623013 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative blood oxygenation level dependent technique provides an MRI-based method to measure tissue hemodynamic parameters such as oxygen extraction fraction and deoxyhemoglobin-containing (veins and prevenous part of capillaries) cerebral blood volume fraction. It is based on a theory of MR signal dephasing in the presence of blood vessel network and experimental method-gradient echo sampling of spin echo previously proposed and validated on phantoms and animals. In vivo human studies also demonstrated feasibility of this approach but also recognized that obtaining reliable results requires high signal-to-noise ratio in the data. In this paper, we analyze in detail the uncertainties of the quantitative blood oxygenation level dependent parameter estimates in the framework of the Bayesian probability theory, namely, we examine how the estimated parameters oxygen extraction fraction and deoxygenated cerebral blood volume fraction depend on their "true values," signal-to-noise ratio, and data sampling strategies. On the basis of this analysis, we develop strategies for optimization of the quantitative blood oxygenation level dependent technique for deoxygenated cerebral blood volume and oxygen extraction fraction evaluation. In particular, it is demonstrated that the use of gradient echo sampling of spin echo sequence allows substantial decrease of measurement errors as the data are acquired on both sides of spin echo. We test our theory on phantom mimicking the structure of blood vessel network. A 3D gradient echo sampling of spin echo pulse sequence is used for the acquisition of the MRI signal that was subsequently analyzed by Bayesian Application Software. The experimental results demonstrated a good agreement with theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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14
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Narita T, Aoyama H, Hirata K, Onodera S, Shiga T, Kobayashi H, Murata J, Terasaka S, Tanaka S, Houkin K. Reoxygenation of glioblastoma multiforme treated with fractionated radiotherapy concomitant with temozolomide: changes defined by 18F-fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography: two case reports. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2011; 42:120-3. [PMID: 22198964 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyr181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two glioblastoma multiforme patients underwent (18)F-FMISO (fluoromisonidazole) positron emission tomography study to access the tumor oxygenation status before and immediately after fractionated radiotherapy concomitant with temozolomide chemotherapy. In both cases, a prominent (18)F-FMISO tumor accumulation observed in the first study was notably decreased in the second study, which was supposed to be a reoxygenation of the tumor. As far as we investigated, this is the first report of the changes of oxygenation status in glioblastoma multiforme treated through radiation therapy with temozolomide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuhito Narita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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15
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Dickson JD, Ash TWJ, Williams GB, Sukstanskii AL, Ansorge RE, Yablonskiy DA. Quantitative phenomenological model of the BOLD contrast mechanism. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2011; 212:17-25. [PMID: 21782488 PMCID: PMC6373771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Different theoretical models of the BOLD contrast mechanism are used for many applications including BOLD quantification (qBOLD) and vessel size imaging, both in health and disease. Each model simplifies the system under consideration, making approximations about the structure of the blood vessel network and diffusion of water molecules through inhomogeneities in the magnetic field created by deoxyhemoglobin-containing blood vessels. In this study, Monte-Carlo methods are used to simulate the BOLD MR signal generated by diffusing water molecules in the presence of long, cylindrical blood vessels. Using these simulations we introduce a new, phenomenological model that is far more accurate over a range of blood oxygenation levels and blood vessel radii than existing models. This model could be used to extract physiological parameters of the blood vessel network from experimental data in BOLD-based experiments. We use our model to establish ranges of validity for the existing analytical models of Yablonskiy and Haacke, Kiselev and Posse, Sukstanskii and Yablonskiy (extended to the case of arbitrary time in the spin echo sequence) and Bauer et al. (extended to the case of randomly oriented cylinders). Although these models are shown to be accurate in the limits of diffusion under which they were derived, none of them is accurate for the whole physiological range of blood vessels radii and blood oxygenation levels. We also show the extent of systematic errors that are introduced due to the approximations of these models when used for BOLD signal quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Dickson
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK.
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16
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Bell LK, Ainsworth NL, Lee SH, Griffiths JR. MRI & MRS assessment of the role of the tumour microenvironment in response to therapy. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2011; 24:612-35. [PMID: 21567513 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
MRI and MRS techniques are being applied to the characterisation of various aspects of the tumour microenvironment and to the assessment of tumour response to therapy. For example, kinetic parameters describing tumour blood vessel flow and permeability can be derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI data and have been correlated with a positive tumour response to antivascular therapies. The ongoing development and validation of noninvasive, high-resolution anatomical/molecular MR techniques will equip us with the means to detect specific tumour biomarkers early on, and then to monitor the efficacy of cancer treatments efficiently and reliably, all within a clinically relevant time frame. Reliable tumour microenvironment imaging biomarkers will provide obvious advantages by enabling tumour-specific treatment tailoring and potentially improving patient outcome. However, for routine clinical application across many disease types, such imaging biomarkers must be quantitative, robust, reproducible, sufficiently sensitive and cost-effective. These characteristics are all difficult to achieve in practice, but image biomarker development and validation have been greatly facilitated by an increasing number of pertinent preclinical in vivo cancer models. Emphasis must now be placed on discovering whether the preclinical results translate into an improvement in patient care and, therefore, overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne K Bell
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK.
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17
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Orlova AG, Maslennikova AV, Golubyatnikov GY, Kamensky VA, Shakhova NM, Babaev AA, Snopova LB, Ivanova IP, Plekhanov VI, Pryanikova TI, Turchin IV. Noninvasive estimation of the oxygen status of experimental tumors by diffuse optical spectroscopy. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350911020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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18
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Baete SH, Vandecasteele J, De Deene Y. 19F MRI oximetry: simulation of perfluorocarbon distribution impact. Phys Med Biol 2011; 56:2535-57. [PMID: 21444970 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/8/013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In (19)F MRI oximetry, a method used to image tumour hypoxia, perfluorocarbons serve as oxygenation markers. The goal of this study is to evaluate the impact of perfluorocarbon distribution and concentration in (19)F MRI oximetry through a computer simulation. The simulation studies the correspondence between (19)F measured (pO(FNMR)(2)) and actual tissue oxygen tension (pO(2)) for several tissue perfluorocarbon distributions. For this, a Krogh tissue model is implemented which incorporates the presence of perfluorocarbons in blood and tissue. That is, in tissue the perfluorocarbons are distributed homogeneously according to Gaussian diffusion profiles, or the perfluorocarbons are concentrated in the capillary wall. Using these distributions, the oxygen tension in the simulation volume is calculated. The simulated mean oxygen tension is then compared with pO(FNMR)(2), the (19)F MRI-based measure of pO(2) and with pO(0)(2), pO(2) in the absence of perfluorocarbons. The agreement between pO(FNMR)(2) and actual pO(2) is influenced by vascular density and perfluorocarbon distribution. The presence of perfluorocarbons generally gives rise to a pO(2) increase in tissue. This effect is enhanced when perfluorocarbons are also present in blood. Only the homogeneous perfluorocarbon distribution in tissue with no perfluorocarbons in blood guarantees small deviations of pO(FNMR)(2) from pO(2). Hence, perfluorocarbon distribution in tissue and blood has a serious impact on the reliability of (19)F MRI-based measures of oxygen tension. In addition, the presence of perfluorocarbons influences the actual oxygen tension. This finding may be of great importance for further development of (19)F MRI oximetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Baete
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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19
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Maslennikova AV, Orlova AG, Golubiatnikov GY, Kamensky VA, Shakhova NM, Babaev AA, Snopova LB, Ivanova IP, Plekhanov VI, Prianikova TI, Turchin IV. Comparative study of tumor hypoxia by diffuse optical spectroscopy and immunohistochemistry in two tumor models. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2010; 3:743-51. [PMID: 20715133 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The capabilities of diffuse optical spectroscopy for noninvasive assessing of oxygen status in experimental tumors have been demonstrated. Specific features of the distribution of total hemoglobin, oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxygenated hemoglobin, and blood-oxygen saturation were shown on two tumor models having different histological structure and functional characteristics. The results obtained by the optical technique were verified by immunohistochemical study of tissue samples marked with exogenous marker of hypoxia--pimonidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Maslennikova
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, 46 Ulyanov Str., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, 10/1 Minin Sqr., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
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20
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Chen J, Lanza GM, Wickline SA. Quantitative magnetic resonance fluorine imaging: today and tomorrow. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 2:431-40. [PMID: 20564465 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine (19F) is a promising moiety for quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It possesses comparable magnetic resonance (MR) sensitivity to proton (1H) but exhibits no tissue background signal, allowing specific and selective assessment of the administrated 19F-containing compounds in vivo. Additionally, the MR spectra of 19F-containing compounds exhibited a wide range of chemical shifts (>200 ppm). Therefore, both MR parameters (e.g., spin-lattice relaxation rate R1) and the absolute quantity of molecule can be determined with 19F MRI for unbiased assessment of tissue physiology and pathology. This article reviews quantitative 19F MRI applications for mapping tumor oxygenation, assessing molecular expression in vascular diseases, and tracking labeled stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Chen
- Consortium for Translational Research in Advanced Imaging and Nanomedicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA.
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21
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22
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Baete SHU, Vandecasteele J, Colman L, De Neve W, De Deene Y. An oxygen-consuming phantom simulating perfused tissue to explore oxygen dynamics and (19)F MRI oximetry. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2010; 23:217-26. [PMID: 20577778 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-010-0219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study presents a reproducible phantom which mimics oxygen-consuming tissue and can be used for the validation of (19)F MRI oximetry. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phantom consists of a haemodialysis filter of which the outer compartment is filled with a gelatin matrix containing viable yeast cells. Perfluorocarbon emulsions can be added to the gelatin matrix to simulate sequestered perfluorocarbons. A blood-substituting perfluorocarbon fluid is pumped through the lumen of the fibres in the filter. (19)F relaxometry MRI is performed with a fast 2D Look-Locker imaging sequence on a clinical 3T scanner. RESULTS Acute and perfusion-related hypoxia were simulated and imaged spatially and temporally using the phantom. CONCLUSIONS The presented experimental setup can be used to simulate oxygen consumption by somatic cells in vivo and for validating computational biophysical models of hypoxia, as measured with (19)F MRI oximetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Ubert Baete
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
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23
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Sun XY, Jiang X, Jiang HC. Novel therapeutic strategies targeting the hypoxic microenvironment of tumors. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:1741-1746. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i17.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic microenvironment is closely related to tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis and prognosis and has become a hot topic in cancer research. This article discusses investigations seeking novel therapies targeting the hypoxic microenvironment of tumors, including hypoxic conversion of non-toxic pro-drugs to cytotoxic drugs, and regulation of upstream and downstream genes of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Additionally, the article reviews our serial studies on tumor hypoxia, including blockade of HIF-1α expression or overexpression of von Hippel-Lindau to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy, anti-angiogenic therapy, chemotherapy and transarterial embolization to combat malignancies.
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24
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Pan D, Caruthers SD, Chen J, Winter PM, SenPan A, Schmieder AH, Wickline SA, Lanza GM. Nanomedicine strategies for molecular targets with MRI and optical imaging. Future Med Chem 2010; 2:471-90. [PMID: 20485473 PMCID: PMC2871711 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.10.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The science of 'theranostics' plays a crucial role in personalized medicine, which represents the future of patient management. Over the last decade an increasing research effort has focused on the development of nanoparticle-based molecular-imaging and drug-delivery approaches, emerging as a multidisciplinary field that shows promise in understanding the components, processes, dynamics and therapies of a disease at a molecular level. The potential of nanometer-sized agents for early detection, diagnosis and personalized treatment of diseases is extraordinary. They have found applications in almost all clinically relevant biomedical imaging modality. In this review, a number of these approaches will be presented with a particular emphasis on MRI and optical imaging-based techniques. We have discussed both established molecular-imaging approaches and recently developed innovative strategies, highlighting the seminal studies and a number of successful examples of theranostic nanomedicine, especially in the areas of cardiovascular and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Pan
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University Medical School, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Cortex Building, Suite 101, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA, Tel.:+1 314 454 8813, Fax: +1 314 454 5265
| | - Shelton D Caruthers
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University Medical School, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Cortex Building, Suite 101, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA, Tel.:+1 314 454 8813, Fax: +1 314 454 5265
| | - Junjie Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University Medical School, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Cortex Building, Suite 101, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA, Tel.:+1 314 454 8813, Fax: +1 314 454 5265
| | - Patrick M Winter
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University Medical School, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Cortex Building, Suite 101, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA, Tel.:+1 314 454 8813, Fax: +1 314 454 5265
| | - Angana SenPan
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University Medical School, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Cortex Building, Suite 101, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA, Tel.:+1 314 454 8813, Fax: +1 314 454 5265
| | - Anne H Schmieder
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University Medical School, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Cortex Building, Suite 101, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA, Tel.:+1 314 454 8813, Fax: +1 314 454 5265
| | - Samuel A Wickline
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University Medical School, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Cortex Building, Suite 101, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA, Tel.:+1 314 454 8813, Fax: +1 314 454 5265
| | - Gregory M Lanza
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University Medical School, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Cortex Building, Suite 101, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA, Tel.:+1 314 454 8813, Fax: +1 314 454 5265
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25
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Gevertz J, Torquato S. Growing heterogeneous tumors in silico. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2009; 80:051910. [PMID: 20365009 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.80.051910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2009] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
An in silico tool that can be utilized in the clinic to predict neoplastic progression and propose individualized treatment strategies is the holy grail of computational tumor modeling. Building such a tool requires the development and successful integration of a number of biophysical and mathematical models. In this paper, we work toward this long-term goal by formulating a cellular automaton model of tumor growth that accounts for several different inter-tumor processes and host-tumor interactions. In particular, the algorithm couples the remodeling of the microvasculature with the evolution of the tumor mass and considers the impact that organ-imposed physical confinement and environmental heterogeneity have on tumor size and shape. Furthermore, the algorithm is able to account for cell-level heterogeneity, allowing us to explore the likelihood that different advantageous and deleterious mutations survive in the tumor cell population. This computational tool we have built has a number of applications in its current form in both predicting tumor growth and predicting response to treatment. Moreover, the latent power of our algorithm is that it also suggests other tumor-related processes that need to be accounted for and calls for the conduction of new experiments to validate the model's predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Gevertz
- Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
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26
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Ebbesen P, Pettersen EO, Gorr TA, Jobst G, Williams K, Kieninger J, Wenger RH, Pastorekova S, Dubois L, Lambin P, Wouters BG, Van Den Beucken T, Supuran CT, Poellinger L, Ratcliffe P, Kanopka A, Görlach A, Gasmann M, Harris AL, Maxwell P, Scozzafava A. Taking advantage of tumor cell adaptations to hypoxia for developing new tumor markers and treatment strategies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2009; 24 Suppl 1:1-39. [PMID: 19005871 DOI: 10.1080/14756360902784425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells in hypoxic areas of solid tumors are to a large extent protected against the action of radiation as well as many chemotherapeutic drugs. There are, however, two different aspects of the problem caused by tumor hypoxia when cancer therapy is concerned: One is due to the chemical reactions that molecular oxygen enters into therapeutically targeted cells. This results in a direct chemical protection against therapy by the hypoxic microenvironment, which has little to do with cellular biological regulatory processes. This part of the protective effect of hypoxia has been known for more than half a century and has been studied extensively. However, in recent years there has been more focus on the other aspect of hypoxia, namely the effect of this microenvironmental condition on selecting cells with certain genetic prerequisites that are negative with respect to patient prognosis. There are adaptive mechanisms, where hypoxia induces regulatory cascades in cells resulting in a changed metabolism or changes in extracellular signaling. These processes may lead to changes in cellular intrinsic sensitivity to treatment irrespective of oxygenation and, furthermore, may also have consequences for tissue organization. Thus, the adaptive mechanisms induced by hypoxia itself may have a selective effect on cells, with a fine-tuned protection against damage and stress of many kinds. It therefore could be that the adaptive mechanisms may take advantage of for new tumor labeling/imaging and treatment strategies. One of the Achilles' heels of hypoxia research has always been the exact measurements of tissue oxygenation as well as the control of oxygenation in biological tumor models. Thus, development of technology that can ease this control is vital in order to study mechanisms and perform drug development under relevant conditions. An integrated EU Framework project 2004-2009, termed EUROXY, demonstrates several pathways involved in transcription and translation control of the hypoxic cell phenotype and evidence of cross-talk with responses to pH and redox changes. The carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme CA IX was selected for further studies due to its expression on the surface of many types of hypoxic tumors. The effort has led to marketable culture flasks with sensors and incubation equipment, and the synthesis of new drug candidates against new molecular targets. New labeling/imaging methods for cancer diagnosing and imaging of hypoxic cancer tissue are now being tested in xenograft models and are also in early clinical testing, while new potential anti-cancer drugs are undergoing tests using xenografted tumor cancers. The present article describes the above results in individual consortium partner presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ebbesen
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Aalborg University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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27
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Abstract
The importance of hypoxia in disease pathogenesis and prognosis is gathering increasing clinical significance and having a greater impact on patient management and outcome. Previous efforts to evaluate hypoxia have included the invasive assessment of hypoxia with immunohistologic and histographic oxygen probes. The emergence of new radiotracers has allowed noninvasive assessment of hypoxia, with the most extensively investigated and validated positron emission tomography radiotracer of hypoxia to date being (18)F-fluoromisonodazole ((18)F-FMISO). This review discusses the relevance and biology of hypoxia in cells and organ systems, and reviews the laboratory and clinical applications of (18)F-FMISO in oncology and noncancer disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Ting Lee
- Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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