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Urabe F, Yamada Y, Yamamoto S, Tsuzuki S, Kimura S, Ochiya T, Kimura T. Extracellular vesicles and prostate cancer management: a narrative review. Transl Androl Urol 2024; 13:442-453. [PMID: 38590964 PMCID: PMC10999020 DOI: 10.21037/tau-23-533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common male cancer in the United States. Although new drugs have recently been approved, clinical challenges remain, notably the precise detection and prognostic implications of drug-resistant PCa. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanoscale lipid membrane vesicles, are actively secreted into the extracellular milieu by a variety of cell types. Over the past decade, interest in EVs has grown, and emerging evidence suggests that EVs play pivotal roles in cancer biology. In this review, we would like to summarize recent reports on EVs in PCa and discuss the potential clinical applications. Methods We performed a non-systematic literature review using the PubMed database to identify articles specifically related to EVs and PCa management. Key Content and Findings EVs contain pathogenic components, such as proteins, DNA fragments, mRNA, non-coding RNA, and lipids, all of which can trigger intercellular signaling within tumor microenvironments. Thereby, EVs exert significant effects on several stages of cancer progression, influencing the immune system, angiogenesis, and the establishment of pre-metastatic niches. Furthermore, as EVs are encapsulated, their contents are stable in bodily fluids, and thus EVs have recently attracted attention as a novel kind of liquid biopsy. Conclusions We have summarized recent research on how EVs may aid PCa management. To date, we have discovered only the tip of the iceberg. We anticipate that further research will yield innovative therapeutic modalities, thereby aiding all PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Urabe
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamada
- Department of Urology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shutaro Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tsuzuki
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Kimura
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kimura
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Testa A, Quaglia F, Naranjo NM, Verrillo CE, Shields CD, Lin S, Pickles MW, Hamza DF, Von Schalscha T, Cheresh DA, Leiby B, Liu Q, Ding J, Kelly WK, Hooper DC, Corey E, Plow EF, Altieri DC, Languino LR. Targeting the αVβ3/NgR2 pathway in neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Matrix Biol 2023; 124:49-62. [PMID: 37956856 PMCID: PMC10823877 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Highly aggressive, metastatic, neuroendocrine prostate cancer, which typically develops from prostate cancer cells acquiring resistance to androgen deprivation therapy, is associated with limited treatment options and hence poor prognosis. We have previously demonstrated that the αVβ3 integrin is over-expressed in neuroendocrine prostate cancer. We now show that LM609, a monoclonal antibody that specifically targets the human αVβ3 integrin, hinders the growth of neuroendocrine prostate cancer patient-derived xenografts in vivo. Our group has recently identified a novel αVβ3 integrin binding partner, NgR2, responsible for regulating the expression of neuroendocrine markers and for inducing neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer cells. Through in vitro functional assays, we here demonstrate that NgR2 is crucial in promoting cell adhesion to αVβ3 ligands. Moreover, we describe for the first time co-fractionation of αVβ3 integrin and NgR2 in small extracellular vesicles derived from metastatic prostate cancer patients' plasma. These prostate cancer patient-derived small extracellular vesicles have a functional impact on human monocytes, increasing their adhesion to fibronectin. The monocytes incubated with small extracellular vesicles do not show an associated change in conventional polarization marker expression and appear to be in an early stage that may be defined as "adhesion competent". Overall, these findings allow us to better understand integrin-directed signaling and cell-cell communication during cancer progression. Furthermore, our results pave the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives for patients affected by neuroendocrine prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Testa
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fabio Quaglia
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicole M Naranjo
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Cecilia E Verrillo
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christopher D Shields
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stephen Lin
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Maxwell W Pickles
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Drini F Hamza
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tami Von Schalscha
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - David A Cheresh
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin Leiby
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qin Liu
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jianyi Ding
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William K Kelly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - D Craig Hooper
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Dario C Altieri
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lucia R Languino
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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3
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Alsamraae M, Costanzo-Garvey D, Teply BA, Boyle S, Sommerville G, Herbert ZT, Morrissey C, Dafferner AJ, Abdalla MY, Fallet RW, Kielian T, Jensen-Smith H, deOliveira EI, Chen K, Bettencourt IA, Wang JM, McVicar DW, Keeley T, Yu F, Cook LM. Androgen receptor inhibition suppresses anti-tumor neutrophil response against bone metastatic prostate cancer via regulation of TβRI expression. Cancer Lett 2023; 579:216468. [PMID: 37940068 PMCID: PMC10710875 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastatic disease of prostate cancer (PCa) is incurable and progression in bone is largely dictated by tumor-stromal interactions in the bone microenvironment. We showed previously that bone neutrophils initially inhibit bone metastatic PCa growth yet metastatic PCa becomes resistant to neutrophil response. Further, neutrophils isolated from tumor-bone lost their ability to suppress tumor growth through unknown mechanisms. With this study, our goal was to define the impact of metastatic PCa on neutrophil function throughout tumor progression and to determine the potential of neutrophils as predictive biomarkers of metastatic disease. Using patient peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), we identified that PCa progression dictates PMN cell surface markers and gene expression, but not cytotoxicity against PCa. Importantly, we also identified a novel phenomenon in which second generation androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) suppresses PMN cytotoxicity via increased transforming growth factor beta receptor I (TβRI). High dose testosterone and genetic or pharmacologic TβRI inhibition rescued androgen receptor-mediated neutrophil suppression and restored neutrophil anti-tumor immune response. These studies highlight the ability to leverage standard-care ADT to generate neutrophil anti-tumor responses against bone metastatic PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massar Alsamraae
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Diane Costanzo-Garvey
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Benjamin A Teply
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Division of Oncology & Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shawna Boyle
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alicia J Dafferner
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maher Y Abdalla
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rachel W Fallet
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tammy Kielian
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Heather Jensen-Smith
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Edson I deOliveira
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Keqiang Chen
- Laboratory of Cancer Innovation, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ian A Bettencourt
- Laboratory of Cancer Innovation, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Innovation, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Daniel W McVicar
- Laboratory of Cancer Innovation, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Tyler Keeley
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Leah M Cook
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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4
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Salamanna F, Contartese D, Errani C, Sartori M, Borsari V, Giavaresi G. Role of bone marrow adipocytes in bone metastasis development and progression: a systematic review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1207416. [PMID: 37711896 PMCID: PMC10497772 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1207416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) are the most plentiful cells in the bone marrow and function as an endocrine organ by producing fatty acids, cytokines, and adipokines. Consequently, BMAs can interact with tumor cells, influencing both tumor growth and the onset and progression of bone metastasis. This review aims to systematically evaluate the role of BMAs in the development and progression of bone metastasis. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus electronic databases, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement standards, to identify studies published from March 2013 to June 2023. Two independent reviewers assessed and screened the literature, extracted the data, and evaluated the quality of the studies. The body of evidence was evaluated and graded using the ROBINS-I tool for non-randomized studies of interventions and the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool for in vivo studies. The results were synthesized using descriptive methods. Results The search yielded a total of 463 studies, of which 17 studies were included in the final analysis, including 15 preclinical studies and two non-randomized clinical studies. Analysis of preclinical studies revealed that BMAs play a significant role in bone metastasis, particularly in prostate cancer followed by breast and malignant melanoma cancers. BMAs primarily influence cancer cells by inducing a glycolytic phenotype and releasing or upregulating soluble factors, chemokines, cytokines, adipokines, tumor-derived fatty acid-binding protein (FABP), and members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, such as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7 (CCL7), C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand (CXCL)1, CXCL2, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, FABP4, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). These factors also contribute to adipocyte lipolysis and regulate a pro-inflammatory phenotype in BMAs. However, the number of clinical studies is limited, and definitive conclusions cannot be drawn. Conclusion The preclinical studies reviewed indicate that BMAs may play a crucial role in bone metastasis in prostate, breast, and malignant melanoma cancers. Nevertheless, further preclinical and clinical studies are needed to better understand the complex role and relationship between BMAs and cancer cells in the bone microenvironment. Targeting BMAs in combination with standard treatments holds promise as a potential therapeutic strategy for bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Salamanna
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - D. Contartese
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - C. Errani
- 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Sartori
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - V. Borsari
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - G. Giavaresi
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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5
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West J, Adler F, Gallaher J, Strobl M, Brady-Nicholls R, Brown J, Roberson-Tessi M, Kim E, Noble R, Viossat Y, Basanta D, Anderson ARA. A survey of open questions in adaptive therapy: Bridging mathematics and clinical translation. eLife 2023; 12:e84263. [PMID: 36952376 PMCID: PMC10036119 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive therapy is a dynamic cancer treatment protocol that updates (or 'adapts') treatment decisions in anticipation of evolving tumor dynamics. This broad term encompasses many possible dynamic treatment protocols of patient-specific dose modulation or dose timing. Adaptive therapy maintains high levels of tumor burden to benefit from the competitive suppression of treatment-sensitive subpopulations on treatment-resistant subpopulations. This evolution-based approach to cancer treatment has been integrated into several ongoing or planned clinical trials, including treatment of metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, and BRAF-mutant melanoma. In the previous few decades, experimental and clinical investigation of adaptive therapy has progressed synergistically with mathematical and computational modeling. In this work, we discuss 11 open questions in cancer adaptive therapy mathematical modeling. The questions are split into three sections: (1) integrating the appropriate components into mathematical models (2) design and validation of dosing protocols, and (3) challenges and opportunities in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey West
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampaUnited States
| | - Fred Adler
- Department of Mathematics, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
- School of Biological Sciences, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Jill Gallaher
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampaUnited States
| | - Maximilian Strobl
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampaUnited States
| | - Renee Brady-Nicholls
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampaUnited States
| | - Joel Brown
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampaUnited States
| | - Mark Roberson-Tessi
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampaUnited States
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and TechnologyGangneungRepublic of Korea
| | - Robert Noble
- Department of Mathematics, University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Yannick Viossat
- Ceremade, Université Paris-Dauphine, Université Paris Sciences et LettresParisFrance
| | - David Basanta
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampaUnited States
| | - Alexander RA Anderson
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampaUnited States
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6
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Böckelmann LC, Freytag V, Ahlers AK, Maar H, Gosau T, Baranowsky A, Schmitz R, Pantel K, Schumacher U, Haider MT, Lange T. Efficacy of zoledronic acid for the elimination of disseminated tumor cells in a clinically relevant, spontaneously metastatic prostate cancer xenograft model. Bone 2023; 171:116741. [PMID: 36934984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastases develop in >90 % of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) through complex interactions between the bone microenvironment and tumor cells. Previous androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), which is known to cause bone loss, as well as anti-resorptive agents such as zoledronic acid (ZA), used to prevent skeletal complications, may influence these interactions and thereby the growth of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) in the bone marrow (BM). Here, a spontaneously metastatic xenograft tumor model of human PCa was further optimized to mimic the common clinical situation of ADT (castration) combined with primary tumor resection in vivo. The effects of these interventions, alone or in combination with ZA treatment, on tumor cell dissemination to the BM and other distant sites were analyzed. Metastatic burden was quantified by human-specific Alu-qPCR, bioluminescence imaging (BLI), and immunohistochemistry. Further, bone remodeling was assessed by static histomorphometry and serum parameters. Initial comparative analysis between NSG and SCID mice showed that spontaneous systemic dissemination of subcutaneous PC-3 xenograft tumors was considerably enhanced in NSG mice. Primary tumor resection and thereby prolonged observational periods resulted in a higher overall metastatic cell load at necropsy and tumor growth alone caused significant bone loss, which was further augmented by surgical castration. In addition, castrated mice showed a strong trend towards higher bone metastasis loads. Weekly treatment of mice with ZA completely prevented castration- and tumor-induced bone loss but had no effect on bone metastasis burden. Conversely, the total lung metastasis load as determined by BLI was significantly decreased upon ZA treatment. These findings provide a basis for future research on the role of ZA not only in preventing skeletal complications but also in reducing metastasis to other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Clemens Böckelmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vera Freytag
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Ahlers
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Maar
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Anatomy I, Cancer Center Central Germany, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Gosau
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anke Baranowsky
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Schmitz
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie-Therese Haider
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Lange
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Anatomy I, Cancer Center Central Germany, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
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7
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Thellenberg-Karlsson C, Vjaters E, Kase M, Tammela T, Ojamaa K, Norming U, Nyman C, Andersson SO, Hublarovs O, Marquez-Holmberg M, Castellanos E, Ullen A, Holmberg A, Nilsson S. A randomised, double-blind, dose-finding, phase II multicentre study of ODX in the treatment of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer and skeletal metastases. Eur J Cancer 2023; 181:198-207. [PMID: 36682096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of ODX, a novel, cytotoxic, bone-targeting drug candidate, in castration-resistant prostate cancer bone metastatic disease. METHODS Patients with progressive disease were randomised to ten cycles of ODX, intravenous infusion Q2W (3, 6, and 9 mg/kg, respectively). The primary objective was to assess the relative change from baseline in bone alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP) and serum-aminoterminal-propeptide of Type I procollagen (S-P1NP) at 12 weeks. The inclusion criteria selected were broad, and a double-blind design was used to ensure objective recruitment of patients for the assessment of efficacy. None of the patients received bone-protecting agents during the ODX treatment period. RESULTS Fifty-five 21,20 and 14) patients were randomised to ODX (3, 6 and 9 mg/kg), respectively. The lower number of patients in arm 3 was due to too low a recruitment rate towards the end of the study. The median treatment time were 14, 13 and 14 weeks, respectively. The decrease in B-ALP at 12 weeks in study arms 3, 6 and 9 mg/kg was seen in 6/15 (40%), 8/12 (67%) and 5/12 (42%) patients, respectively, whereas the corresponding numbers for P1NP were 8/15 (53%), 8/12 (67%), and 4/12 (33%), respectively. The median decrease in B-ALP and P1NP at 12 weeks for study arms 3, 6 and 9 mg/kg were 37%, 14% and 43%, respectively, and 51%, 40% and 64%, respectively. The decrease in serum C-terminal telopeptide at 12 weeks was seen in the vast majority of patients and in about one-third of patients in bone scan index. ODX was well tolerated, and no drug-related serious adverse events occurred. There were no significant differences between study arms regarding efficacy and safety. CONCLUSIONS ODX was well tolerated and demonstrated inhibitory effects on markers related to the vicious cycle in bone at all three doses. The reduction in metastatic burden, assessed with bone scan index, supports this finding. Studies with continued ODX treatment until disease progression are being planned (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02825628).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Egils Vjaters
- Pauls Strandis Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu Iela 13, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Marju Kase
- Tartu University Hospital, L.Puusepa 8, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Teuvo Tammela
- Tampere University Hospital, Urology Clinic, Teiskontie 35, Tampere, Finland.
| | | | - Ulf Norming
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet and Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Claes Nyman
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet and Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | - Anders Ullen
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Solna.
| | - Anders Holmberg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Solna; Dextech Medical, Box 389, 751 06 Uppsala.
| | - Sten Nilsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Solna.
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8
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Bone Metastasis in Bladder Cancer. J Pers Med 2022; 13:jpm13010054. [PMID: 36675715 PMCID: PMC9864951 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is the 10th most common and 13th most deadly malignancy worldwide. About 5% of BCa patients present initially with metastatic disease, with bone being the most diagnosed site for distant metastasis. The overall one-year survival of patients with BCa is 84%, whereas it is only 21% in patients with bone metastasis (BM). Metastasis of BCa cells to bone occurs by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, intravasation, extravasation, and interactions with the bone microenvironment. However, the mechanism of BCa metastasis to the bone is not completely understood; it needs a further preclinical model to completely explain the process. As different imaging mechanisms, PET-CT cannot replace a radionuclide bone scan or an MRI for diagnosing BM. The management of BCa patients with BM includes chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, antibody-drug conjugates, bisphosphonates, denosumab, radioisotopes, and surgery. The objective of these treatments is to inhibit disease progression, improve overall survival, reduce skeletal-related events, relieve pain, and improve the quality of life of patients.
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9
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Ollodart J, Contino KF, Deep G, Shiozawa Y. The impacts of exosomes on bone metastatic progression and their potential clinical utility. Bone Rep 2022; 17:101606. [PMID: 35910404 PMCID: PMC9335387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is one of the most common sites of cancer metastasis. Once cancer metastasizes to the bone, the mortality rate of cancer patients dramatically increases. Although the exact mechanisms for this observation remain elusive, recent studies have revealed that the complex crosstalk between bone marrow microenvironment and bone metastatic cancer cells is responsible for the induction of treatment resistance. Consequently, bone metastasis is currently considered incurable. Bone metastasis not only impairs the patients' survival, but also negatively affects their quality of life by causing painful complications. It has recently been implicated the regulatory role of exosomes in cancer development and/or progression as a delivery biomaterial between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment. However, little is known as to how exosomes contribute to the progression of bone metastasis by impaction on the crosstalk between bone metastatic cancer cells and bone marrow microenvironment. Here, we highlighted the emerging roles of cancer-derived exosomes in (i) the process of dissemination and bone colonization of bone metastatic cancer cells, (ii) the enhancement of crosstalk between bone marrow microenvironment and bone metastatic cancer cells, (iii) the development of its resultant painful complications, and (iv) the clinical applications of exosomes in the bone metastatic setting. Cancer-derived exosomes facilitate cancer dissemination and colonization to bone. Cancer-derived exosomes are crucial for controlling bone metastatic phenotype. Cancer-derived exosomes prime bone marrow microenvironment for further metastasis. Cancer-derived exosomes are involved in development of cancer-induced bone pain. Exosomes can be used as therapies and/or diagnostic tools for bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Ollodart
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Kelly F Contino
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Yusuke Shiozawa
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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10
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Heidman LM, Peinetti N, Copello VA, Burnstein KL. Exploiting Dependence of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer on the Arginine Vasopressin Signaling Axis by Repurposing Vaptans. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1295-1304. [PMID: 35503085 PMCID: PMC9357166 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Men with advanced prostate cancer are treated by androgen deprivation therapy but the disease recurs as incurable castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), requiring new treatment options. We previously demonstrated that the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) arginine vasopressin receptor type1A (AVPR1A) is expressed in CRPC and promotes castration-resistant growth in vitro and in vivo. AVPR1A is part of a family of GPCR's including arginine vasopressin receptor type 2 (AVPR2). Interrogation of prostate cancer patient sample data revealed that coexpression of AVPR1A and AVPR2 is highly correlated with disease progression. Stimulation of AVPR2 with a selective agonist desmopressin promoted CRPC cell proliferation through cAMP/protein kinase A signaling, consistent with AVPR2 coupling to the G protein subunit alpha s. In contrast, blocking AVPR2 with a selective FDA-approved antagonist, tolvaptan, reduced cell growth. In CRPC xenografts, antagonizing AVPR2, AVPR1A, or both significantly reduced CRPC tumor growth as well as decreased on-target markers of tumor burden. Combinatorial use of AVPR1A and AVPR2 antagonists promoted apoptosis synergistically in CRPC cells. Furthermore, we found that castration-resistant cells produced AVP, the endogenous ligand for arginine vasopressin receptors, and knockout of AVP in CRPC cells significantly reduced proliferation suggesting possible AVP autocrine signaling. These data indicate that the AVP/arginine vasopressin receptor signaling axis represents a promising and clinically actionable target for CRPC. IMPLICATIONS The arginine vasopressin signaling axis in CRPC provides a therapeutic window that is targetable through repurposing safe and effective AVPR1A and AVPR2 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laine M. Heidman
- 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Nahuel Peinetti
- 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Valeria A. Copello
- 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Kerry L. Burnstein
- 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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11
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Wang J, Du X, Wang X, Xiao H, Jing N, Xue W, Dong B, Gao WQ, Fang YX. Tumor-derived miR-378a-3p-containing extracellular vesicles promote osteolysis by activating the Dyrk1a/Nfatc1/Angptl2 axis for bone metastasis. Cancer Lett 2022; 526:76-90. [PMID: 34801597 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Most prostate cancer (PCa)-related deaths are caused by progression to bone metastasis. Recently, the importance of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in pre-metastatic niche formation has been reported. However, whether and how tumor-derived EVs interact with bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) to release EV-delivered microRNAs to promote osteolysis and induce pre-metastatic niche formation for PCa bone metastasis remain unclear. Our in vitro and in vivo functional and mechanistic assays revealed that EV-mediated release of miR-378a-3p from tumor cells was upregulated in bone-metastatic PCa, maintaining low intracellular miR-378a-3p concentration to promote proliferation and MAOA-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, miR-378a-3p enrichment in tumor-derived EVs was induced by hnRNPA2B1 (a transfer chaperone) overexpression. After tumor-derived EVs were taken in by BMMs, enriched miR-378a-3p promoted osteolytic progression by inhibiting Dyrk1a to improve Nfatc1 (an osteolysis-related transcription factor) nuclear translocation, to activate the expression of downstream target gene Angptl2. As a feedback, increased Angptl2 secretion into the tumor environment promoted PCa progression. In conclusion, tumor-derived miR-378a-3p-containing EVs play a significant role in PCa bone metastasis by activating the Dyrk1a/Nfatc1/Angptl2 axis in BMMs to induce osteolytic progression, making miR-378a-3p a potential predictor of metastatic PCa. Reducing the release of miR-378a-3p-containing EVs or inhibiting the recruitment of miR-378a-3p into EVs can be a therapeutic strategy against PCa metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xinxing Du
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Huixiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Nan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Baijun Dong
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Yu-Xiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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12
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Kumar N, Saraber P, Ding Z, Kusumbe AP. Diversity of Vascular Niches in Bones and Joints During Homeostasis, Ageing, and Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:798211. [PMID: 34975909 PMCID: PMC8718446 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The bones and joints in the skeletal system are composed of diverse cell types, including vascular niches, bone cells, connective tissue cells and mineral deposits and regulate whole-body homeostasis. The capacity of maintaining strength and generation of blood lineages lies within the skeletal system. Bone harbours blood and immune cells and their progenitors, and vascular cells provide several immune cell type niches. Blood vessels in bone are phenotypically and functionally diverse, with distinct capillary subtypes exhibiting striking changes with age. The bone vasculature has a special impact on osteogenesis and haematopoiesis, and dysregulation of the vasculature is associated with diverse blood and bone diseases. Ageing is associated with perturbed haematopoiesis, loss of osteogenesis, increased adipogenesis and diminished immune response and immune cell production. Endothelial and perivascular cells impact immune cell production and play a crucial role during inflammation. Here, we discuss normal and maladapted vascular niches in bone during development, homeostasis, ageing and bone diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Further, we discuss the role of vascular niches during bone malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anjali P. Kusumbe
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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13
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Urciuoli E, Peruzzi B. Mutual Modulation Between Extracellular Vesicles and Mechanoenvironment in Bone Tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:789674. [PMID: 34950663 PMCID: PMC8688845 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.789674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone microenvironment homeostasis is guaranteed by the balanced and fine regulated bone matrix remodeling process. This equilibrium can be disrupted by cancer cells developed in the bone (primary bone cancers) or deriving from other tissues (bone metastatic lesions), through a mechanism by which they interfere with bone cells activities and alter the microenvironment both biochemically and mechanically. Among the factors secreted by cancer cells and by cancer-conditioned bone cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are described to exert pivotal roles in the establishment and the progression of bone cancers, by conveying tumorigenic signals targeting and transforming normal cells. Doing this, EVs are also responsible in modulating the production of proteins involved in regulating matrix stiffness and/or mechanotransduction process, thereby altering the bone mechanoenvironment. In turn, bone and cancer cells respond to deregulated matrix stiffness by modifying EV production and content, fueling the vicious cycle established in tumors. Here, we summarized the relationship between EVs and the mechanoenvironment during tumoral progression, with the final aim to provide some innovative perspectives in counteracting bone cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Peruzzi
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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14
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Brozovich A, Garmezy B, Pan T, Wang L, Farach-Carson MC, Satcher RL. All bone metastases are not created equal: Revisiting treatment resistance in renal cell carcinoma. J Bone Oncol 2021; 31:100399. [PMID: 34745857 PMCID: PMC8551072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2021.100399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignancy of the kidney, representing 80-90% of renal neoplasms, and is associated with a five-year overall survival rate of approximately 74%. The second most common site of metastasis is bone. As patients are living longer due to new RCC targeting agents and immunotherapy, RCC bone metastases (RCCBM) treatment failure is more prevalent. Bone metastasis formation in RCC is indicative of a more aggressive disease and worse prognosis. Osteolysis is a prominent feature and causes SRE, including pathologic fractures. Bone metastasis from other tumors such as lung, breast, and prostate cancer, are more effectively treated with bisphosphonates and denosumab, thereby decreasing the need for palliative surgical intervention. Resistance to these antiresportives in RCCBM reflects unique cellular and molecular mechanisms in the bone microenvironment that promote progression via inhibition of the anabolic reparative response. Identification of critical mechanisms underlying RCCBM induced anabolic impairment could provide needed insight into how to improve treatment outcomes for patients with RCCBM, with the goals of minimizing progression that necessitates palliative surgery and improving survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Brozovich
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin Garmezy
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tianhong Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Liyun Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Mary C. Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, UT Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert L. Satcher
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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Fonseca NM, Roberts ME, Wyatt AW. A marrow-minded look at immune checkpoint blockade resistance in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:4009-4013. [PMID: 34804843 PMCID: PMC8575591 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette M Fonseca
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Morgan E Roberts
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexander W Wyatt
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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16
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Patil KC, Soekmadji C. Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Bone Remodeling and Bone Metastasis: Implications in Prostate Cancer. Subcell Biochem 2021; 97:297-361. [PMID: 33779922 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67171-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is the tendency of certain primary tumors to spawn and dictate secondary neoplasia in the bone. The process of bone metastasis is regulated by the dynamic crosstalk between metastatic cancer cells, cellular components of the bone marrow microenvironment (osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes), and the bone matrix. The feed-forward loop mechanisms governs the co-option of homeostatic bone remodeling by cancer cells in bone. Recent developments have highlighted the discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their diverse roles in distant outgrowths. Several studies have implicated EV-mediated interactions between cancer cells and the bone microenvironment in synergistically promoting pathological skeletal metabolism in the metastatic site. Nevertheless, the potential role that EVs serve in arbitrating intricate sequences of coordinated events within the bone microenvironment remains an emerging field. In this chapter, we review the role of cellular participants and molecular mechanisms in regulating normal bone physiology and explore the progress of current research into bone-derived EVs in directly triggering and coordinating the processes of physiological bone remodeling. In view of the emerging role of EVs in interorgan crosstalk, this review also highlights the multiple systemic pathophysiological processes orchestrated by the EVs to direct organotropism in bone in prostate cancer. Given the deleterious consequences of bone metastasis and its clinical importance, in-depth knowledge of the multifarious role of EVs in distant organ metastasis is expected to open new possibilities for prognostic evaluation and therapeutic intervention for advanced bone metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani C Patil
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Carolina Soekmadji
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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17
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Alsamraae M, Cook LM. Emerging roles for myeloid immune cells in bone metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:413-425. [PMID: 33855680 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis, especially bone metastasis, is a major cause of cancer-related deaths, which is associated with long-term pain due to skeletal-related events and poor quality of life. Tumor cells alter the bone microenvironment through aberrant activation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts which induces bone osteolysis and release of growth factors leading to cancer growth. Though this phenomenon has been well characterized, bone-targeted therapies have shown little improvement in patient survival. Recent evidence indicates a growing appreciation for the complex bone environment, in addition to bone-remodeling stromal cells, which includes an abundance of myeloid immune cells that can either protect against or contribute to the progression of the disease within the bone cavity. Additionally, myeloid cells are recruited into primary tumor sites, where they promote development of the pre-metastatic niche and also can regulate tumor progression within the tumor-bone microenvironment through a milieu of complex mechanisms and involving heterogeneous myeloid populations. In this review, we have highlighted the complex roles of myeloid immunity in bone metastasis and hope to bring attention to the potential of novel immunotherapeutic interventions for the elimination of bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massar Alsamraae
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA
| | - Leah M Cook
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA. .,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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18
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Patel CM, Wadas TJ, Shiozawa Y. Progress in Targeted Alpha-Particle-Emitting Radiopharmaceuticals as Treatments for Prostate Cancer Patients with Bone Metastases. Molecules 2021; 26:2162. [PMID: 33918705 PMCID: PMC8070008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis remains a major cause of death in cancer patients, and current therapies for bone metastatic disease are mainly palliative. Bone metastases arise after cancer cells have colonized the bone and co-opted the normal bone remodeling process. In addition to bone-targeted therapies (e.g., bisphosphonate and denosumab), hormone therapy, chemotherapy, external beam radiation therapy, and surgical intervention, attempts have been made to use systemic radiotherapy as a means of delivering cytocidal radiation to every bone metastatic lesion. Initially, several bone-seeking beta-minus-particle-emitting radiopharmaceuticals were incorporated into the treatment for bone metastases, but they failed to extend the overall survival in patients. However, recent clinical trials indicate that radium-223 dichloride (223RaCl2), an alpha-particle-emitting radiopharmaceutical, improves the overall survival of prostate cancer patients with bone metastases. This success has renewed interest in targeted alpha-particle therapy development for visceral and bone metastasis. This review will discuss (i) the biology of bone metastasis, especially focusing on the vicious cycle of bone metastasis, (ii) how bone remodeling has been exploited to administer systemic radiotherapies, and (iii) targeted radiotherapy development and progress in the development of targeted alpha-particle therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirayu M. Patel
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Thaddeus J. Wadas
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Yusuke Shiozawa
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
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19
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Ma Q, Liang M, Wu Y, Dou C, Xu J, Dong S, Luo F. Small extracellular vesicles deliver osteolytic effectors and mediate cancer-induced osteolysis in bone metastatic niche. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12068. [PMID: 33659051 PMCID: PMC7892803 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play critical roles in regulating bone metastatic microenvironment through mediating intercellular crosstalks. However, little is known about the contribution of EVs derived from cancer cells to the vicious cycle of bone metastasis. Here, we report a direct regulatory mode between tumour cells and osteoclasts in metastatic niche of prostate cancer via vesicular miRNAs transfer. Combined analysis of miRNAs profiles both in tumour‐derived small EVs (sEVs) and osteoclasts identified miR‐152‐3p as a potential osteolytic molecule. sEVs were enriched in miR‐152‐3p, which targets osteoclastogenic regulator MAFB. Blocking miR‐152‐3p in sEVs upregulated the expression of MAFB and impaired osteoclastogenesis in vitro. In vivo experiments of xenograft mouse model found that blocking of miR‐152‐3p in sEVs significantly slowed down the loss of trabecular architecture, while systemic inhibition of miR‐152‐3p using antagomir‐152‐3p reduced the osteolytic lesions of cortical bone while preserving basic trabecular architecture. Our findings suggest that miR‐152‐3p carried by prostate cancer‐derived sEVs deliver osteolytic signals from tumour cells to osteoclasts, facilitating osteolytic progression in bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyu Ma
- Department of Orthopedics Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Mengmeng Liang
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Yutong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Ce Dou
- Department of Orthopedics Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma Burns and Combined Injury Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Orthopedics Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
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20
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Mollica V, Rizzo A, Rosellini M, Marchetti A, Ricci AD, Cimadamore A, Scarpelli M, Bonucci C, Andrini E, Errani C, Santoni M, Montironi R, Massari F. Bone Targeting Agents in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer: State of the Art. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030546. [PMID: 33535541 PMCID: PMC7867059 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Over the disease course of metastatic prostate cancer, approximately the 90% of patients develops bone metastases, with bone involvement frequently leading to various skeletal complications including pathological fractures, spinal cord compression, and pain. Notably enough, the peculiar inclination of prostate cancer cells to seed the bone is considered an important cause of morbidity for prostate cancer patients. Recent years have witnessed the advent of several novel treatments for prostate cancer, and therapeutic paradigms are rapidly shifting. In this review, we aim at giving an overview of current knowledge on the relationship between prostate cancer and bone, especially focusing on the use of bone-targeted agents in this setting. Abstract Bone health represents a major issue in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients with bone metastases; in fact, the frequently prolonged use of hormonal agents causes important modifications in physiological bone turnover and most of these men will develop skeletal-related events (SREs), including spinal cord compression, pathologic fractures and need for surgery or radiation to bone, which are estimated to occur in almost half of this patient population. In the last decade, several novel therapeutic options have entered into clinical practice of bone metastatic CRPC, with recent approval of enzalutamide and abiraterone acetate, cabazitaxel chemotherapy and radium-223, on the basis of survival benefit suggested by landmark Phase III trials assessing these agents in this setting. Conversely, although bone-targeted agents (BTAs)—such as the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) ligand inhibitor denosumab—are approved for the prevention of SREs, these compounds have not shown benefit in terms of overall survival. However, emerging evidence has suggested that the combination of BTAs and abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide and the radiopharmaceutical radium-223 could result in improved clinical outcomes and prolonged survival in bone metastatic CRPC. In this review, we will provide an overview on bone tropism of prostate cancer and on the role of BTAs in metastatic hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Mollica
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (A.R.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (A.D.R.); (C.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (A.R.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (A.D.R.); (C.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Matteo Rosellini
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (A.R.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (A.D.R.); (C.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (A.R.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (A.D.R.); (C.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (A.R.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (A.D.R.); (C.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Marina Scarpelli
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Chiara Bonucci
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (A.R.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (A.D.R.); (C.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Elisa Andrini
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (A.R.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (A.D.R.); (C.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Costantino Errani
- Department of Musculo–Skeletal Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, 62100 Macerata, Italy;
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Francesco Massari
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (A.R.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (A.D.R.); (C.B.); (E.A.)
- Correspondence: or
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21
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Yu L, Sui B, Fan W, Lei L, Zhou L, Yang L, Diao Y, Zhang Y, Li Z, Liu J, Hao X. Exosomes derived from osteogenic tumor activate osteoclast differentiation and concurrently inhibit osteogenesis by transferring COL1A1-targeting miRNA-92a-1-5p. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12056. [PMID: 33489015 PMCID: PMC7812369 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with prostate cancer (PCa), bone lesions appear osteoblastic in radiographs; however, pathological fractures frequently occur in PCa patients, and bone resorption is observed in all metastatic lesions under histopathologic assessment. The mechanisms that balance the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in PCa patients remain unclear. We unexpectedly discovered that PCa exosomes are critical mediators in the regulation of bone homeostasis that results in osteoclastic lesions and thereby promotes tumor growth in bone. We evaluated how exosomes derived from osteoblastic, osteoclastic, and mixed PCa cell lines affect osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation, revealing that all three types of PCa exosomes promoted osteoclastogenesis in vitro and induced osteolysis in vivo. Mechanistically, microRNAs (miRNAs) delivered by PCa exosomes were found to play several key roles in bone homeostasis. Among the delivered miRNAs, miR-92a-1-5p, the most abundant miRNA, downregulated type I collagen expression by directly targeting COL1A1, and thus promoting osteoclast differentiation and inhibiting osteoblastogenesis. Furthermore, PCa exosomes also markedly reduced type I collagen expression in vivo. Our findings not only offer a novel perspective on tumor bone metastasis, where-contrary to our initial hypothesis-exosomes derived from an osteoblastic tumor induce osteoclast differentiation, but also suggest potential therapeutic targets for PCa bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yu
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA)Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University)Xi'anP.R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University)Xi'anP.R. China
| | - Bingdong Sui
- Research and Development Center for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyFourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University)Xi'anP.R. China
| | - Weixiao Fan
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA)Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University)Xi'anP.R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University)Xi'anP.R. China
| | - Lin Lei
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA)Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University)Xi'anP.R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University)Xi'anP.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA)Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University)Xi'anP.R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University)Xi'anP.R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA)Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University)Xi'anP.R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University)Xi'anP.R. China
| | - Yanjun Diao
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA)Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University)Xi'anP.R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University)Xi'anP.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA)Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University)Xi'anP.R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University)Xi'anP.R. China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical UniversityXi'anP.R. China
| | - Jiayun Liu
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA)Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University)Xi'anP.R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University)Xi'anP.R. China
| | - Xiaoke Hao
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA)Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University)Xi'anP.R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University)Xi'anP.R. China
- College of MedicineNorthwest UniversityXi'anP.R. China
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22
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Abstract
Obesity is associated with high-grade and advanced prostate cancer. While this association may be multi-factorial, studies suggest that obesity-induced inflammation may play a role in the progression of advanced prostate cancer. The microenvironment associated with obesity increases growth factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines which have been implicated mechanistically to promote invasion, metastasis, and androgen-independent growth. This review summarizes recent findings related to obesity-induced inflammation which may be the link to advanced prostate cancer. In addition, this review while introduce novel targets to mitigate prostate cancer metastasis to the bone. Specific emphasis will be placed on the role of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Olivas
- Nutrition and Foods, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
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23
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Ponzetti M, Rucci N. Switching Homes: How Cancer Moves to Bone. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4124. [PMID: 32527062 PMCID: PMC7313057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases (BM) are a very common complication of the most prevalent human cancers. BM are extremely painful and may be life-threatening when associated with hypercalcaemia. BM can lead to kidney failure and cardiac arrhythmias and arrest, but why and how do cancer cells decide to "switch homes" and move to bone? In this review, we will present what answers science has provided so far, with focus on the molecular mechanisms and cellular aspects of well-established findings, such as the concept of "vicious cycle" and "osteolytic" vs. "osteosclerotic" bone metastases; as well as on novel concepts, such as cellular dormancy and extracellular vesicles. At the molecular level, we will focus on hypoxia-associated factors and angiogenesis, the Wnt pathway, parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) and chemokines. At the supramolecular/cellular level, we will discuss tumour dormancy, id est the mechanisms through which a small contingent of tumour cells coming from the primary site may be kept dormant in the endosteal niche for many years. Finally, we will present a potential role for the multimolecular mediators known as extracellular vesicles in determining bone-tropism and establishing a premetastatic niche by influencing the bone microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Rucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
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24
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Roselli E, Frieling JS, Thorner K, Ramello MC, Lynch CC, Abate-Daga D. CAR-T Engineering: Optimizing Signal Transduction and Effector Mechanisms. BioDrugs 2020; 33:647-659. [PMID: 31552606 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-019-00384-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The adoptive transfer of genetically engineered T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has shown remarkable results against B cell malignancies. This immunotherapeutic approach has advanced and expanded rapidly from preclinical models to the recent approval of CAR-T cells to treat lymphomas and leukemia by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Ongoing research efforts are focused on employing CAR-T cells as a therapy for other cancers, and enhancing their efficacy and safety by optimizing their design. Here we summarize modifications in the intracellular domain of the CAR that gave rise to first-, second-, third- and next-generation CAR-T cells, together with the impact that these different designs have on CAR-T cell biology and function. Further, we describe how the structure of the antigen-sensing ectodomain can be enhanced, leading to superior CAR-T cell signaling and/or function. Finally we discuss how tissue-specific factors may impact the clinical efficacy of CAR-T cells for bone and the central nervous system, as examples of specific indications that may require further CAR signaling optimization to perform in such inhospitable microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Roselli
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jeremy S Frieling
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Konrad Thorner
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - María C Ramello
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Conor C Lynch
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Daniel Abate-Daga
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. .,Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. .,Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. .,Department of Oncologic Sciences, Morsani School of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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25
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Notch Signaling in Skeletal Development, Homeostasis and Pathogenesis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020332. [PMID: 32092942 PMCID: PMC7072615 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal development is a complex process which requires the tight regulation of gene activation and suppression in response to local signaling pathways. Among these pathways, Notch signaling is implicated in governing cell fate determination, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of skeletal cells-osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes and chondrocytes. Moreover, human genetic mutations in Notch components emphasize the critical roles of Notch signaling in skeletal development and homeostasis. In this review, we focus on the physiological roles of Notch signaling in skeletogenesis, postnatal bone and cartilage homeostasis and fracture repair. We also discuss the pathological gain- and loss-of-function of Notch signaling in bone and cartilage, resulting in osteosarcoma and age-related degenerative diseases, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Understanding the physiological and pathological function of Notch signaling in skeletal tissues using animal models and human genetics will provide new insights into disease pathogenesis and offer novel approaches for the treatment of bone/cartilage diseases.
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26
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Mathematical modelling of the role of Endo180 network in the development of metastatic bone disease in prostate cancer. Comput Biol Med 2020; 117:103619. [PMID: 32072971 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic bone disease (MBD) is a common complication of advanced cancer and recent research suggests that Endo180 expression is dysregulated through the TGFβ-TGFβR-SMAD2/3 signalling pathway during the invasion of tumour cells in the development of MBD. We here provide a model for the dysregulation of the Endo180 network to demonstrate its vital contribution to bone destruction as well as tumour cell growth. The model consisted of a set of ordinary differential equations and reconstructed variations in the bone cells, resultant bone volume, and biochemical factors involved in the TGFβ-TGFβR-SMAD2/3 signalling pathway over time. The model also investigated the underlying mechanism in which the change of TGFβ affects the TGFβ-TGFβR-SMAD2/3 signalling pathway and the resultant Endo180 expression in osteoblastic and tumour cells. The model links the appearance of tumour cells with the inhibition of TGFβ binding to its receptors on osteoblastic cells, to affect TGFβ-TGFβR-SMAD2/3 signalling and Endo180 expression. Temporal variation in bone cells, bone volume, and the biochemical factors involved in the TGFβ-TGFβR-SMAD2/3 pathway as demonstrated in the model simulations agree with published experimental data. The model can be refined based on further discoveries but allows the influence of Endo180 network dysregulation on bone remodelling in MBD to be established. This model could aid in the development of Endo180 targeted therapies for MBD in the future.
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27
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Shiozawa Y. The Roles of Bone Marrow-Resident Cells as a Microenvironment for Bone Metastasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1226:57-72. [PMID: 32030676 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36214-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been appreciated that the cross talk between bone metastatic cancer cells and bone marrow microenvironment influence one another to worsen bone metastatic disease progression. Bone marrow contains various cell types, including (1) cells of mesenchymal origin (e.g., osteoblasts, osteocytes, and adipocytes), (2) cells of hematopoietic origin (e.g., osteoclast and immune cells), and (3) others (e.g., endothelial cells and nerves). The recent studies have enabled us to discover many important cancer-derived factors responsible for the development of bone metastasis. However, many critical questions regarding the roles of bone microenvironment in bone metastatic progression remain elusive. To answer these questions, a deeper understanding of the cross talk between bone metastatic cancer and bone marrow microenvironment is clearly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Shiozawa
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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28
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The CXCL5/CXCR2 axis is sufficient to promote breast cancer colonization during bone metastasis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4404. [PMID: 31562303 PMCID: PMC6765048 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is one of the most common sites for metastasis across cancers. Cancer cells that travel through the vasculature and invade new tissues can remain in a non-proliferative dormant state for years before colonizing the metastatic site. Switching from dormancy to colonization is the rate-limiting step of bone metastasis. Here we develop an ex vivo co-culture method to grow cancer cells in mouse bones to assess cancer cell proliferation using healthy or cancer-primed bones. Profiling soluble factors from conditioned media identifies the chemokine CXCL5 as a candidate to induce metastatic colonization. Additional studies using CXCL5 recombinant protein suggest that CXCL5 is sufficient to promote breast cancer cell proliferation and colonization in bone, while inhibition of its receptor CXCR2 with an antagonist blocks proliferation of metastatic cancer cells. This study suggests that CXCL5 and CXCR2 inhibitors may have efficacy in treating metastatic bone tumors dependent on the CXCL5/CXCR2 axis.
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29
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Betaglycan drives the mesenchymal stromal cell osteogenic program and prostate cancer-induced osteogenesis. Oncogene 2019; 38:6959-6969. [PMID: 31409900 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastatic prostate cancer provokes extensive osteogenesis by driving the recruitment and osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). The resulting lesions greatly contribute to patient morbidity and mortality, underscoring the need for defining how prostate metastases subvert the MSC-osteoblast differentiation program. To gain insights into this process we profiled the effects of co-culture of primary MSCs with validated bone metastatic prostate cancer cell line models. These analyses revealed a cast of shared differentially induced genes in MSC, including betaglycan, a co-receptor for TGFβ. Betaglycan has not been studied in the context of bone metastatic disease previously. Here we report that loss of betaglycan in MSC is sufficient to augment TGFβ signaling, proliferation and migration, and completely blocks the MSC-osteoblast differentiation program. Further, betaglycan was revealed as necessary for prostate cancer-induced osteogenesis in vivo. Mechanistically, gene expression analysis revealed betaglycan controls the expression of a large repertoire of genes in MSCs, and that betaglycan loss provokes >60-fold increase in the expression of Wnt5a that plays important roles in stemness. In accord with the increased Wnt5a levels, there was a marked induction of canonical Wnt signaling in betaglycan ablated MSCs, and the addition of recombinant Wnt5a to MSCs was sufficient to impair osteogenic differentiation. Finally, the addition of Wnt5a neutralizing antibody was sufficient to induce the expression of osteogenic genes in betaglycan-ablated MSCs. Collectively, these findings suggest a betaglycan-Wnt5a circuit represents an attractive vulnerability to ameliorate prostate cancer-induced osteogenesis.
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30
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Holliday LS, Truzman E, Zuo J, Han G, Torres-Medina R, Rody WJ. Extracellular vesicle identification in tooth movement models. Orthod Craniofac Res 2019; 22 Suppl 1:101-106. [PMID: 31074148 PMCID: PMC6512852 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are 30-150 nm in diameter vesicles released by cells that serve important intercellular regulatory functions. EVs include exosomes and microvesicles. Exosomes form in multivesicular bodies and are released extracellularly as the multivesicular bodies fuse with the plasma membrane. Microvesicles bud directly from the plasma membrane. Here, we examine methods that are available or emerging to detect and study EVs during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). EV's involvement in regulating bone remodelling associated with OTM may be demonstrated by adding isolated EVs to an animal model to change the rate of tooth movement. Exosomes in multivesicular bodies might be detected by immunogold labelling of markers in sections from the tooth and jaw and detection by electron microscopy. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is enriched in EVs. Detection and characterization of EVs released by osteoclasts during resorption have been described, and this information could be used to analyse EVs in OTM models. Regulatory EVs may be enriched in the GCF from teeth that are being moved or are undergoing root resorption. Emerging approaches, including nanoparticle tracking, ExoView and micro- and nanofluidics, show promise for studying EVs in the GCF. Techniques that amplify signal, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), provide the sensitivity necessary to utilize EVs from GCF as biomarkers. Studies of the role of EVs in OTM will provide fresh insight that may identify means for enhancing OTM procedures. EVs in GCF may include biomarkers for bone remodelling during OTM, orthodontic-associated root resorption, and other dental pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shannon Holliday
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Estella Truzman
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jian Zuo
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Guanghong Han
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rosemarie Torres-Medina
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Wellington J Rody
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Stony Brook School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
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31
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Aielli F, Ponzetti M, Rucci N. Bone Metastasis Pain, from the Bench to the Bedside. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E280. [PMID: 30641973 PMCID: PMC6359191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is the most frequent site of metastasis of the most common cancers in men and women. Bone metastasis incidence has been steadily increasing over the years, mainly because of higher life expectancy in oncologic patients. Although bone metastases are sometimes asymptomatic, their consequences are most often devastating, impairing both life quality and expectancy, due to the occurrence of the skeletal-related events, including bone fractures, hypercalcemia and spinal cord compression. Up to 75% of patients endure crippling cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP), against which we have very few weapons. This review's purpose is to discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms that lead to CIBP, including how cancer cells convert the bone "virtuous cycle" into a cancer-fuelling "vicious cycle", and how this leads to the release of molecular mediators of pain, including protons, neurotrophins, interleukins, chemokines and ATP. Preclinical tests and assays to evaluate CIBP, including the incapacitance tester (in vivo), and neuron/glial activation in the dorsal root ganglia/spinal cord (ex vivo) will also be presented. Furthermore, current therapeutic options for CIBP are quite limited and nonspecific and they will also be discussed, along with up-and-coming options that may render CIBP easier to treat and let patients forget they are patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Aielli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Marco Ponzetti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Nadia Rucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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32
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Tsaur I, Heidegger I, Kretschmer A, Borgmann H, Mirvald C, Gandaglia G, Briganti A, van den Bergh R, Tilki D, Ost P, Ploussard G, Surcel C. Combining anticancer drugs with osteoprotective agents in prostate cancer-A contemporary update. Urol Oncol 2018; 36:488-497. [PMID: 30268712 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a plethora of life-prolonging cytotoxic, next-generation hormonal, immunotherapeutical as well as radionuclide therapies has emerged as a standard care for metastasized castration-resistant prostate cancer. Being strikingly effective in cancer control, these novel therapies might in fact exert a beneficial impact on skeletal events. Therefore, combining anticancer drugs with osteoprotective agents might lead to additional clinical advantage but must be weighed against simultaneously exposing patients to serious toxicities. In addition, further survival prolongation by changing treatment paradigm in both metastasized hormone-sensitive and nonmetastatic castration-resistant disease might potentially increase the risk for bone density reduction complications due to a growing efficacy of androgen ablation leading to prolonged exposure. To address both possible indications of combined treatment and to draw practical conclusions, we performed a comprehensive review of the currently available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Mainz University Medicine, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Isabel Heidegger
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Hendrik Borgmann
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Mainz University Medicine, Mainz, Germany
| | - Cristian Mirvald
- Department of Urology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Giorgio Gandaglia
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Institute, Vita-Salute University and San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Institute, Vita-Salute University and San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Derya Tilki
- Department of Urology, Martini Klinik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Piet Ost
- Department of radiation oncology and experimental cancer research, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Ploussard
- Department of Urology, Saint Jean Languedoc Hospital, Toulouse, France and Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Cristian Surcel
- Department of Urology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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33
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Wang Y, Huang Q, He X, Chen H, Zou Y, Li Y, Lin K, Cai X, Xiao J, Zhang Q, Cheng Y. Multifunctional melanin-like nanoparticles for bone-targeted chemo-photothermal therapy of malignant bone tumors and osteolysis. Biomaterials 2018; 183:10-19. [PMID: 30144589 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Malignant bone tumors associated with aggressive osteolysis are currently hard to be cured by the clinical strategies. Nevertheless, nanomedicine might provide a promising therapeutic opportunity. Here, we developed a multifunctional melanin-like nanoparticle for bone-targeted chemo-photothermal treatment of malignant bone tumors. The particle was originally fabricated from alendronate-conjugated polydopamine nanoparticle (PDA-ALN) that exhibited excellent photothermal effect and high affinity to hydroxyapatite. PDA/Fe-ALN significantly enhanced the magnetic resonance contrast of the bone tumors in vivo, suggesting that more PDA-ALN accumulated at the osteolytic bone lesions in the tumors compared with the non-targeting PDA. Chemodrug SN38 was efficiently loaded on PDA-ALN, and the drug release could be triggered by near-infrared irradiation and acidic stimulus. Finally, the combined chemo-photothermal therapy efficiently suppressed the growth of bone tumors and reduced the osteolytic damage of bones at a mild temperature around 43 °C. This study provides an efficient and robust nanotherapeutics for the treatment of malignant bone tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China; Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Quan Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Xiao He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Yuan Zou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China
| | - Yiwen Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China
| | - Kaili Lin
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Xiaopan Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
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Maurizi A, Rucci N. The Osteoclast in Bone Metastasis: Player and Target. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E218. [PMID: 29954079 PMCID: PMC6071064 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10070218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases are frequently the final fate of breast and prostate cancer patients. According to the definition of metastasis as an incurable disease, to date there are no effective treatments for tumor-associated bone metastases and this represents a real challenge for the researchers in the field. The bone is a heterogeneous environment that represents a fertile soil for tumor cells, supporting their growth. Among the different cell types present in the bone, in this review we will focus our attention on the osteoclasts, which are crucial players in the so called “vicious cycle”, a phenomenon triggered by tumor cells eventually leading to both tumor proliferation as well as bone deregulation, thus fueling the development of bone metastasis. The complex network, linking tumor cells to the bone by activating osteoclasts, represents a fruitful target for the treatment of bone metastases. In this review we will describe how tumor cells perturb the bone microenvironment by actively influencing osteoclast formation and activity. Moreover, we will describe the current antiresorptive drugs employed in the treatment of bone metastases as well as new, targeted therapies able to affect both cancer cells and osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Maurizi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Nadia Rucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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35
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Vlaeminck-Guillem V. Extracellular Vesicles in Prostate Cancer Carcinogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management. Front Oncol 2018; 8:222. [PMID: 29951375 PMCID: PMC6008571 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially exosomes, are now well recognized as major ways by which cancer cells interact with each other and stromal cells. The meaningful messages transmitted by the EVs are carried by all components of the EVs, i.e., the membrane lipids and the cargo (DNAs, RNAs, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, proteins). They are clearly part of the armed arsenal by which cancer cells obtain and share more and more advantages to grow and conquer new spaces. Identification of these messages offers a significant opportunity to better understand how a cancer occurs and then develops both locally and distantly. But it also provides a powerful means by which cancer progression can be detected and monitored. In the last few years, significant research efforts have been made to precisely identify how the EV trafficking is modified in cancer cells as compared to normal cells and how this trafficking is altered during cancer progression. Prostate cancer has not escaped this trend. The aim of this review is to describe the results obtained when assessing the meaningful content of prostate cancer- and stromal-derived EVs in terms of a better comprehension of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying prostate cancer occurrence and development. This review also deals with the use of EVs as powerful tools to diagnose non-indolent prostate cancer as early as possible and to accurately define, in a personalized approach, its present and potential aggressiveness, its response to treatment (androgen deprivation, chemotherapy, radiation, surgery), and the overall patients’ prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Vlaeminck-Guillem
- Medical Unit of Molecular Oncology and Transfer, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils of Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France.,Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, U1052 INSERM, CNRS 5286, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Léon Bérard Centre, Lyon, France
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36
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Warman PI, Kaznatcheev A, Araujo A, Lynch CC, Basanta D. Fractionated follow-up chemotherapy delays the onset of resistance in bone metastatic prostate cancer. GAMES 2018; 9. [PMID: 33552562 PMCID: PMC7864372 DOI: 10.3390/g9020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer to bone metastases are almost always lethal. This results from the ability of metastatic prostate cancer cells to co-opt bone remodeling leading to what is known as the vicious cycle. Understanding how tumor cells can disrupt bone homeostasis through their interactions with the stroma and how metastatic tumors respond to treatment is key to the development of new treatments for what remains an incurable disease. Here we describe an evolutionary game theoretical model of both the homeostatic bone remodeling and its co-option by prostate cancer metastases. This model extends past the evolutionary aspects typically considered in game theoretical models by also including ecological factors such as the physical microenvironment of the bone. Our model recapitulates the current paradigm of the "vicious cycle" driving tumor growth and sheds light on the interactions of heterogeneous tumor cells with the bone microenvironment and treatment response. Our results show that resistant populations naturally become dominant in the metastases under conventional cytotoxic treatment and that novel schedules could be used to better control the tumor and the associated bone disease compared to the current standard of care. Specifically, we introduce fractionated follow up therapy - chemotherapy where dosage is administered initially in one solid block followed by alternating smaller doeses and holidays - and argue that it is better than either a continuous application or a periodic one. Furthermore, we also show that different regimens of chemotherapy can lead to different amounts of pathological bone that are known to correlate with poor quality of life for bone metastatic prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav I Warman
- Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Artem Kaznatcheev
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Arturo Araujo
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Conor C Lynch
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - David Basanta
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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37
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Urabe F, Kosaka N, Kimura T, Egawa S, Ochiya T. Extracellular vesicles: Toward a clinical application in urological cancer treatment. Int J Urol 2018; 25:533-543. [PMID: 29726046 DOI: 10.1111/iju.13594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are nanometer-sized lipid membranous vesicles that are released from almost all types of cells into the extracellular space. Extracellular vesicles have gained considerable attention in the past decade, and emerging evidence suggests that they play novel roles in mediating cancer biology. Extracellular vesicles contain pathogenic components, such as proteins, DNA fragments, messenger ribonucleic acids, non-coding ribonucleic acids and lipids, all of which mediate paracrine signaling in the tumor microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles impact the multistep process of cancer progression through modulation of the immune system, angiogenesis and pre-metastatic niche formation through transfer of their contents. Therefore, a better understanding of their roles in urological cancers will provide opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies. In addition, the contents of extracellular vesicles hold promise for the discovery of liquid-based biomarkers for prostate, kidney and bladder cancers. Here, we summarize the current research regarding extracellular vesicles in urological cancer and discuss potential clinical applications for extracellular vesicles in urological cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Urabe
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Kosaka
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kimura
- Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Egawa
- Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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38
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Araujo A, Cook LM, Lynch CC, Basanta D. Size Matters: Metastatic Cluster Size and Stromal Recruitment in the Establishment of Successful Prostate Cancer to Bone Metastases. Bull Math Biol 2018; 80:1046-1058. [PMID: 29600344 PMCID: PMC6482048 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-018-0416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) impacts over 180,000 men every year in the USA alone, with 26,000 patients expected to succumb to the disease ( cancer.gov ). The primary cause of death is metastasis, with secondary lesions most commonly occurring in the skeleton. Prostate cancer to bone metastasis is an important, yet poorly understood, process that is difficult to explore with experimental techniques alone. To this end we have utilized a hybrid (discrete-continuum) cellular automaton model of normal bone matrix homeostasis that allowed us to investigate how metastatic PCa can disrupt the bone microenvironment. Our previously published results showed that PCa cells can recruit mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that give rise to bone-building osteoblasts. MSCs are also thought to be complicit in the establishment of successful bone metastases (Lu, in Mol Cancer Res 4(4):221-233, 2006). Here we have explored the aspects of early metastatic colonization and shown that the size of PCa clusters needs to be within a specific range to become successfully established: sufficiently large to maximize success, but not too large to risk failure through competition among cancer and stromal cells for scarce resources. Furthermore, we show that MSC recruitment can promote the establishment of a metastasis and compensate for relatively low numbers of PCa cells seeding the bone microenvironment. Combined, our results highlight the utility of biologically driven computational models that capture the complex and dynamic dialogue between cells during the initiation of active metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Araujo
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, SRB 4, 12902 Magnolia Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Leah M Cook
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Conor C Lynch
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - David Basanta
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, SRB 4, 12902 Magnolia Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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39
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Shay G, Tauro M, Loiodice F, Tortorella P, Sullivan DM, Hazlehurst LA, Lynch CC. Selective inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in the multiple myeloma-bone microenvironment. Oncotarget 2018; 8:41827-41840. [PMID: 28611279 PMCID: PMC5522031 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy that homes aberrantly to bone causing extensive skeletal destruction. Despite the development of novel therapeutic agents that have significantly improved overall survival, multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is associated with cancer and is significantly overexpressed in the bone marrow of myeloma patients. These data provide rationale for selectively inhibiting MMP-2 activity as a multiple myeloma treatment strategy. Given that MMP-2 is systemically expressed, we used novel “bone-seeking” bisphosphonate based MMP-2 specific inhibitors (BMMPIs) to target the skeletal tissue thereby circumventing potential off-target effects of MMP-2 inhibition outside the bone marrow-tumor microenvironment. Using in vivo models of multiple myeloma (5TGM1, U266), we examined the impact of MMP-2 inhibition on disease progression using BMMPIs. Our data demonstrate that BMMPIs can decrease multiple myeloma burden and protect against cancer-induced osteolysis. Additionally, we have shown that MMP-2 can be specifically inhibited in the multiple myeloma-bone microenvironment, underscoring the feasibility of developing targeted and tissue selective MMP inhibitors. Given the well-tolerated nature of bisphosphonates in humans, we anticipate that BMMPIs could be rapidly translated to the clinical setting for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Shay
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Marilena Tauro
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Tortorella
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Daniel M Sullivan
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Immunology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lori A Hazlehurst
- Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Conor C Lynch
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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40
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Holen I, Lefley DV, Francis SE, Rennicks S, Bradbury S, Coleman RE, Ottewell P. IL-1 drives breast cancer growth and bone metastasis in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 7:75571-75584. [PMID: 27765923 PMCID: PMC5342762 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We have recently identified interleukin 1B (IL-1B) as a potential biomarker for predicting breast cancer patients at increased risk for developing bone metastasis. In mouse models, IL-1B and its receptor (IL-1R1) are upregulated in breast cancer cells that metastasise to bone compared with cells that do not. We have now investigated the functional role of IL-1 by blocking IL-1R signalling with the clinically licensed antagonist, anakinra. Methodology 6-week old female BALB/c mice received a subcutaneous or intra-venous injection of MDA-MB-231-IV or MCF7 cells. Anakinra (1mg/kg/day) or placebo was administered 3 days before (preventative) or 7 days later (treatment). Tumour volume, apoptosis (TUNEL, Caspase 3), proliferation (Ki67) and angiogenesis (CD34, VEGF and endothelin) were analysed. Effects on bone were measured by uCT, and TRAP, P1NP, IL-1B, TNF alpha and IL-6 ELISA. Results Anakinra significantly reduced growth of MDA-MB-231-IV tumours in bone from 6.50+/3.00mm2 (placebo) to 2.56+/−1.07mm2 (treatment) and 0.63+/−0.18mm2 (preventative). Anakinra also reduced the number of mice that developed bone metastasis from 90% (placebo) to 40% (treatment) and 10% (preventative). Anti-tumour effects were not confined to bone, subcutaneous tumour volumes reduced from 656.68mm3 (placebo) to 160.47mm3 (treatment) and 31.08mm3 (preventative). Anakinra did not increase tumour cell apoptosis but reduced proliferation and angiogenesis in addition to exerting significant effects on the tumour environment reducing bone turnover markers, IL-1B and TNF alpha. Conclusions Our novel data demonstrate a functional role of IL-1 signalling in breast tumour progression and metastasis, supporting that anakinra could be repurposed for the treatment of breast cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn Holen
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Diane V Lefley
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Sheila E Francis
- Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Sarah Rennicks
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Steven Bradbury
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Robert E Coleman
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Penelope Ottewell
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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41
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Tan CC, Li GX, Tan LD, Du X, Li XQ, He R, Wang QS, Feng YM. Breast cancer cells obtain an osteomimetic feature via epithelial-mesenchymal transition that have undergone BMP2/RUNX2 signaling pathway induction. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79688-79705. [PMID: 27806311 PMCID: PMC5346745 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is one of the most common organs of breast cancer metastasis. Cancer cells that mimic osteoblasts by expressing bone matrix proteins and factors have a higher likelihood of metastasizing to bone. However, the molecular mechanisms of osteomimicry formation of cancer cells remain undefined. Herein, we identified a set of bone-related genes (BRGs) that are ectopically co-expressed in primary breast cancer tissues and determined that osteomimetic feature is obtained due to the osteoblast-like transformation of epithelial breast cancer cells that have undergone epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) followed by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) stimulation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that breast cancer cells that transformed into osteoblast-like cells with high expression of BRGs showed enhanced chemotaxis, adhesion, proliferation and multidrug resistance in an osteoblast-mimic bone microenvironment in vitro. During these processes, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) functioned as a master mediator by suppressing or activating the transcription of BRGs that underlie the dynamic antagonism between the TGF-β/SMAD and BMP/SMAD signaling pathways in breast cancer cells. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism of osteomimicry formation that arises in primary breast tumors, which may explain the propensity of breast cancer to metastasize to the skeleton and contribute to potential strategies for predicting and targeting breast cancer bone metastasis and multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Cong Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Gui-Xi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Li-Duan Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Rui He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Qing-Shan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yu-Mei Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
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Park SH, Keller ET, Shiozawa Y. Bone Marrow Microenvironment as a Regulator and Therapeutic Target for Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:152-162. [PMID: 29094177 PMCID: PMC5807175 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone is the most common site of prostate cancer metastasis. Once prostate cancer cells metastasize to bone, the mortality rate of prostate cancer patients increases significantly. Furthermore, bone metastases produce multiple skeletal complications, including bone pain that impairs the patients' quality of life. Effective therapies for bone metastatic disease are underdeveloped with most current therapies being primarily palliative with modest survival benefit. Although the exact mechanisms through which prostate cancer metastasizes to bone are unclear, growing evidence suggests that the bone marrow microenvironment, particularly its hematopoietic activity, is a significant mediator of prostate cancer bone tropism. Moreover, the bone microenvironment may regulate metastatic prostate cancer cells between dormant and proliferative states. In this review, we discuss (1) how prostate cancer cells interact with the bone microenvironment to establish bone metastases and (2) current and future potential treatments for prostate cancer patients with bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun H Park
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Evan T Keller
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Yusuke Shiozawa
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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43
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Luo G, He Y, Yu X. Bone Marrow Adipocyte: An Intimate Partner With Tumor Cells in Bone Metastasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:339. [PMID: 30013512 PMCID: PMC6036292 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The high incidences of bone metastasis in patients with breast cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer still remains a puzzling issue. The "seeds and soil" hypothesis suggested that bone marrow (soil) may provide a favorable "niche" for tumor cells (seed). When seeking for effective ways to prevent and treat tumor bone metastasis, most researchers focus on tumor cells (seed) but not the bone marrow microenvironment (soil). In reality, only a fraction of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) could survive and colonize in bone. Thus, the bone marrow microenvironment could ultimately determine the fate of tumor cells that have migrated to bone. Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) are abundant in the bone marrow microenvironment. Mounting evidence suggests that BMAs may play a dominant role in bone metastasis. BMAs could directly provide energy for tumor cells, enhance the tumor cell proliferation, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. BMAs are also known for releasing some inflammatory factors and adipocytokines to promote or inhibit bone metastasis. In this review, we made a comprehensive summary for the interaction between BMAs and bone metastasis. More importantly, we discussed the potentially promising methods for the prevention and treatment of bone metastasis. Genetic disruption and pharmaceutical inhibition may be effective in inhibiting the formation and pro-tumor functions of BMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojing Luo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuedong He
- Department of Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Yuedong He
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xijie Yu ;
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44
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Owen KL, Parker BS. Beyond the vicious cycle: The role of innate osteoimmunity, automimicry and tumor-inherent changes in dictating bone metastasis. Mol Immunol 2017; 110:57-68. [PMID: 29191489 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a fatal consequence of a subset of solid malignancies that fail to respond to conventional therapies. While a myriad of factors contribute to osteotropism and disseminated cell survival and outgrowth in bone, efforts to inhibit tumor cell growth in the bone-metastatic niche have largely relied on measures that disrupt the bi-directional interactions between bone resident and tumor cells. However, the targeting of isolated stromal interactions has proven ineffective to date in inhibiting bone-metastatic progression and patient mortality. Osteoimmune regulation is now emerging as a critical determinant of metastatic growth in the bone microenvironment. While this has highlighted the importance of innate immune populations in dictating the temporal development of overt bone metastases, the osteoimmunological processes that underpin tumor cell progression in bone remain severely underexplored. Along with tumor-intrinsic alterations that occur specifically within the bone microenvironment, innate osteoimmunological crosstalk poses an exciting area of future discovery and therapeutic development. Here we review current knowledge of the unique exchange that occurs between bone resident cells, innate immune populations and tumor cells that leads to the establishment of a tumor-permissive milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Owen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda S Parker
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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45
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Farhat A, Jiang D, Cui D, Keller ET, Jackson TL. An integrative model of prostate cancer interaction with the bone microenvironment. Math Biosci 2017; 294:1-14. [PMID: 28919575 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite advanced efforts in early diagnosis, aggressive surgical treatment, and use of targeted chemotherapies, the prognosis for many cancers is still dismal. This emphasizes the necessity to develop new strategies for understanding tumor growth and metastasis. Here we use a systems approach that combines mathematical modeling and numerical simulation to develop a predictive computational model for prostate cancer and its subversion of the bone microenvironment. This model simulates metastatic prostate cancer evolution, progressing from normal bone and hormone levels to quantifiable diseased states. The simulations clearly demonstrate phenomena similar to those found clinically in prostate cancer patients. In addition, the major prediction of this model is the existence of low and high osteogenic states that are markedly different from one another. The existence and potential realization of these steady states appear to be mediated by the Wnt signaling pathway and by the effects of PSA on TGF-β, which encourages the bone microenvironment to evolve. The model is used to explore several potential therapeutic strategies, with some potential drug targets showing more promise than others: in particular, completely blocking Wnt and greatly increasing DKK-1 had significant positive effects, while blocking RANKL did not improve the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Farhat
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, USA
| | - D Jiang
- Command Post 1412 Broadway, New York, NY 10018, USA
| | - D Cui
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghi, China
| | - E T Keller
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - T L Jackson
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, USA.
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46
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Gdowski AS, Ranjan A, Vishwanatha JK. Current concepts in bone metastasis, contemporary therapeutic strategies and ongoing clinical trials. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:108. [PMID: 28800754 PMCID: PMC5554406 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Elucidation of mechanisms regulating bone metastasis has progressed significantly in recent years and this has translated to many new therapeutic options for patients with bone metastatic cancers. However, the rapid rate of progress in both the basic science literature and therapies undergoing clinical trials makes staying abreast with current developments challenging. This review seeks to provide an update on the current state of the science in bone metastasis research and give a snap shot of therapies in clinical trials for bone metastatic cancer. Main body Bone metastasis represents a difficult to treat clinical scenario due to pain, increased fracture risk, decreased quality of life and diminished overall survival outcomes. Multiple types of cancer have the specific ability to home to the bone microenvironment and cause metastatic lesions. This osteotropism was first described by Stephen Paget nearly 100 years ago as the ‘seed and soil’ hypothesis. Once cancer cells arrive at the bone they encounter a variety of cells native to the bone microenvironment which contribute to the establishment of bone metastatic lesions. In the first part of this review, the ‘seed and soil’ hypothesis is revisited while emphasizing recent developments in understanding the impact of native bone microenvironment cells on the metastatic process. Next, approved therapies for treating bone metastasis at the systemic level as well as those that target the bone microenvironment are discussed and current National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines relating to treatment of bone metastases are summarized. Finally, all open interventional clinical trials for therapies relating to treatment of bone metastasis have been complied and categorized. Conclusion Understanding the recent advancements in bone metastasis research is important for continued development of novel bone targeted therapies. The plethora of ongoing clinical trials will hopefully translate into improved treatments options for patients suffering from bone metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Gdowski
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
| | - Amalendu Ranjan
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Jamboor K Vishwanatha
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
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Lertsuwan K, Choe LH, Marwa IR, Lee K, Sikes RA. Identification of Fibulin-1 as a Human Bone Marrow Stromal (HS-5) Cell-Derived Factor That Induces Human Prostate Cancer Cell Death. Prostate 2017; 77:729-742. [PMID: 28168724 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that human bone marrow stromal HS-5 cells secreted unidentified factor(s) inducing PCa cell death. Herein, the HS-5-derived factor (HS-5 DF) was characterized and identified. METHODS Conditioned media from confluent HS-5 cells were collected and modified for biochemical characteristic testing of HS-5 DF. Cell survival was measured by apoptosis assay and live/dead assay. Fibulin-1 was identified from gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The validation of Fibulin-1 as a HS-5 DF was done by immunoprecipitation (IP) and genetic knockdown by CRISPR/Cas9 system. RESULTS HS-5 DF was trypsin and heat sensitive, but pH stable. The tentative size of the factor fell between 30 kDa and 100 kDa. TGF-β1 treatment led to a suppression of HS-5 DF activity, a property consistent with bone metastasis in prostate cancer. Examination of TGF-β1 down regulated proteins led to identification of fibulin-1 as a candidate for the DF. IP of Fibulin-1 from HS-5 CM and CRISPR knockdown of Fibulin-1 showed a significant reduction of HS-5 CM-derived PCa cell death. These results strongly support a role for fibulin-1 in HS-5 bone marrow stromal cell induction of PCa cell death. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that Fibulin-1 functions as a HS-5 bone marrow stromal cell-derived factor inducing prostate cancer cell death. Prostate 77:729-742, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornkamon Lertsuwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Translational Cancer Research, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory for Cancer Ontogeny and Therapeutics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Leila H Choe
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Newark, Delaware
| | - Irene R Marwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Translational Cancer Research, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory for Cancer Ontogeny and Therapeutics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Kelvin Lee
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Newark, Delaware
| | - Robert A Sikes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Translational Cancer Research, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory for Cancer Ontogeny and Therapeutics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
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Tauro M, Shay G, Sansil SS, Laghezza A, Tortorella P, Neuger AM, Soliman H, Lynch CC. Bone-Seeking Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Inhibitors Prevent Bone Metastatic Breast Cancer Growth. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:494-505. [PMID: 28069877 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0315-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is common during breast cancer progression. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is significantly associated with aggressive breast cancer and poorer overall survival. In bone, tumor- or host-derived MMP-2 contributes to breast cancer growth and does so by processing substrates, including type I collagen and TGFβ latency proteins. These data provide strong rationale for the application of MMP-2 inhibitors to treat the disease. However, in vivo, MMP-2 is systemically expressed. Therefore, to overcome potential toxicities noted with previous broad-spectrum MMP inhibitors (MMPIs), we used highly selective bisphosphonic-based MMP-2 inhibitors (BMMPIs) that allowed for specific bone targeting. In vitro, BMMPIs affected the viability of breast cancer cell lines and osteoclast precursors, but not osteoblasts. In vivo, we demonstrated using two bone metastatic models (PyMT-R221A and 4T1) that BMMPI treatment significantly reduced tumor growth and tumor-associated bone destruction. In addition, BMMPIs are superior in promoting tumor apoptosis compared with the standard-of-care bisphosphonate, zoledronate. We demonstrated MMP-2-selective inhibition in the bone microenvironment using specific and broad-spectrum MMP probes. Furthermore, compared with zoledronate, BMMPI-treated mice had significantly lower levels of TGFβ signaling and MMP-generated type I collagen carboxy-terminal fragments. Taken together, our data show the feasibility of selective inhibition of MMPs in the bone metastatic breast cancer microenvironment. We posit that BMMPIs could be easily translated to the clinical setting for the treatment of bone metastases given the well-tolerated nature of bisphosphonates. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(3); 494-505. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Tauro
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Gemma Shay
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Samer S Sansil
- Translational Research Core and, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Antonio Laghezza
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Tortorella
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Anthony M Neuger
- Translational Research Core and, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Hatem Soliman
- Department of Women's Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Conor C Lynch
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
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Coughlin TR, Romero-Moreno R, Mason DE, Nystrom L, Boerckel JD, Niebur GL, Littlepage LE. Bone: A Fertile Soil for Cancer Metastasis. Curr Drug Targets 2017; 18:1281-1295. [PMID: 28025941 PMCID: PMC7932754 DOI: 10.2174/1389450117666161226121650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone is one of the most common and most dangerous sites for metastatic growth across cancer types, and bone metastasis remains incurable. Unfortunately, the processes by which cancers preferentially metastasize to bone are still not well understood. In this review, we summarize the morphological features, physical properties, and cell signaling events that make bone a unique site for metastasis and bone remodeling. The signaling crosstalk between the tumor cells and bone cells begins a vicious cycle - a self-sustaining feedback loop between the tumor cells and the bone microenvironment composed of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, other bone marrow cells, bone matrix, and vasculature to support both tumor growth and bone destruction. Through this crosstalk, bone provides a fertile microenvironment that can harbor dormant tumor cells, sometimes for long periods, and support their growth by releasing cytokines as the bone matrix is destroyed, similar to providing nutrients for a seed to germinate in soil. However, few models exist to study the late stages of bone colonization by metastatic tumor cells. We describe some of the current methodologies used to study bone metastasis, highlighting the limitations of these methods and alternative future strategies to be used to study bone metastasis. While <i>in vivo</i> animal and patient studies may provide the gold standard for studying metastasis, <i>ex vivo</i> models can be used as an alternative to enable more controlled experiments designed to study the late stages of bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Coughlin
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Ricardo Romero-Moreno
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Devon E. Mason
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Lukas Nystrom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL
| | - Joel D. Boerckel
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Glen L. Niebur
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Laurie E. Littlepage
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
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50
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Predictive computational modeling to define effective treatment strategies for bone metastatic prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29384. [PMID: 27411810 PMCID: PMC4944130 DOI: 10.1038/srep29384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to rapidly assess the efficacy of therapeutic strategies for incurable bone metastatic prostate cancer is an urgent need. Pre-clinical in vivo models are limited in their ability to define the temporal effects of therapies on simultaneous multicellular interactions in the cancer-bone microenvironment. Integrating biological and computational modeling approaches can overcome this limitation. Here, we generated a biologically driven discrete hybrid cellular automaton (HCA) model of bone metastatic prostate cancer to identify the optimal therapeutic window for putative targeted therapies. As proof of principle, we focused on TGFβ because of its known pleiotropic cellular effects. HCA simulations predict an optimal effect for TGFβ inhibition in a pre-metastatic setting with quantitative outputs indicating a significant impact on prostate cancer cell viability, osteoclast formation and osteoblast differentiation. In silico predictions were validated in vivo with models of bone metastatic prostate cancer (PAIII and C4-2B). Analysis of human bone metastatic prostate cancer specimens reveals heterogeneous cancer cell use of TGFβ. Patient specific information was seeded into the HCA model to predict the effect of TGFβ inhibitor treatment on disease evolution. Collectively, we demonstrate how an integrated computational/biological approach can rapidly optimize the efficacy of potential targeted therapies on bone metastatic prostate cancer.
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