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Nakazawa M, Nagao I, Ambrosini YM. Proinflammatory cytokines suppress stemness-related properties and expression of tight junction in canine intestinal organoids. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024:10.1007/s11626-024-00936-w. [PMID: 38914841 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00936-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in canine intestinal organoid research have paved the way for the development of enhanced in vitro models, crucial for exploring intestinal physiology and diseases. Despite these strides, there is a notable gap in creating specific in vitro models that focus on intestinal inflammation. Our study aims to bridge this gap by investigating the impact of proinflammatory cytokines on canine intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) within the context of organoid models. Canine intestinal organoids were treated with proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β. The expression of stem cell markers Lgr5, Sox9, Hopx, and Olfm4 was evaluated through RT-qPCR, while membrane integrity was assessed using immunofluorescence staining for tight junction proteins and transport assays for permeability. IFN-γ significantly decreased Lgr5 expression, a key intestinal stem cell marker, at both 24 and 48 h post-treatment (p=0.030 and p=0.002, respectively). Conversely, TNF-α increased Olfm4 expression during the same intervals (p=0.018 and p=0.011, respectively). A reduction in EdU-positive cells, indicative of decreased cell proliferation, was observed following IFN-γ treatment. Additionally, a decrease in tight junction proteins E-cadherin and ZO-1 (p<0.001 and p=0.003, respectively) and increased permeability in IECs (p=0.012) were noted, particularly following treatment with IFN-γ. The study highlights the profound impact of proinflammatory cytokines on canine IECs, influencing both stem cell dynamics and membrane integrity. These insights shed light on the intricate cellular processes underlying inflammation in the gut and open avenues for more in-depth research into the long-term effects of inflammation on intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg Nakazawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Itsuma Nagao
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko M Ambrosini
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.
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2
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Mogielnicka-Brzozowska M, Cichowska AW. Molecular Biomarkers of Canine Reproductive Functions. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:6139-6168. [PMID: 38921038 PMCID: PMC11202846 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study is to review potential molecular biomarker substances selected so far as useful for assessing the quality of dog semen. Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and ions can serve as molecular biomarkers of reproductive functions (BRFs) for evaluating male reproductive health and identifying potential risk factors for infertility or reproductive disorders. Evaluation of BRF levels in semen samples or reproductive tissues may provide insights into the underlying causes of infertility, such as impaired sperm function, abnormal sperm-egg interaction, or dysfunction of the male reproductive tract. Molecular biomarker proteins may be divided into two groups: proteins that are well-studied, such as A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs), albumins (ALBs), alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), clusterin (CLU), canine prostate-specific esterase (CPSE), cysteine-rich secretory protein 2 (CRISP2), lactotransferrin (LTF), metalloproteinases (MMPs), and osteopontin (OPN) and proteins that are not well-studied. Non-protein markers include lipid-based substances (fatty acids, phosphatidylcholine), carbohydrates (glycosaminoglycans), and ions (zinc, calcium). Assessing the levels of BRFs in semen samples may provide valuable information for breeding management and reproductive assessments in dogs. This review systematizes current knowledge that could serve as a starting point for developing practical tests with the use of biomarkers of canine reproductive functions and their predictive value for assisted reproductive technique outcomes and semen preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Mogielnicka-Brzozowska
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Illescas O, Ferrero G, Belfiore A, Pardini B, Tarallo S, Ciniselli CM, Noci S, Daveri E, Signoroni S, Cattaneo L, Mancini A, Morelli D, Milione M, Cordero F, Rivoltini L, Verderio P, Pasanisi P, Vitellaro M, Naccarati A, Gariboldi M. Modulation of faecal miRNAs highlights the preventive effects of a Mediterranean low-inflammatory dietary intervention. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:951-959. [PMID: 38422953 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary interventions have been proposed as therapeutic approaches for several diseases, including cancer. A low-inflammatory Mediterranean dietary intervention, conducted as a pilot study in subjects with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), reduced markers of local and systemic inflammation. We aim to determine whether this diet may modulate faecal microRNA (miRNA) and gene expression in the gut. METHODS Changes in the faecal miRNome were evaluated by small RNA sequencing at baseline (T0), after the three-month intervention (T1), and after an additional three months (T2). Changes in the transcriptome of healthy rectal mucosa and adenomas were evaluated by RNA sequencing at T0 and T2. The identification of validated miRNA-gene interactions and functional analysis of miRNA targets were performed using in silico approaches. RESULTS Twenty-seven subjects were included in this study. It was observed that the diet modulated 29 faecal miRNAs (p < 0.01; |log2 Fold Change|>1), and this modulation persisted for three months after the intervention. Levels of miR-3612-3p and miR-941 correlated with the adherence to the diet, miR-3670 and miR-4252-5p with faecal calprotectin, and miR-3670 and miR-6867 with serum calprotectin. Seventy genes were differentially expressed between adenoma and normal tissue, and most were different before the dietary intervention but reached similar levels after the diet. Functional enrichment analysis identified the proinflammatory ERK1/2, cell cycle regulation, and nutrient response pathways as commonly regulated by the modulated miRNAs and genes. CONCLUSIONS Faecal miRNAs modulated by the dietary intervention target genes that participate in inflammation. Changes in levels of miRNAs and genes with oncogenic and tumour suppressor functions further support the potential cancer-preventive effect of the low-inflammatory Mediterranean diet. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER REGISTRATION NCT04552405, Registered in ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Illescas
- Molecular Epigenomics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrero
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Dept. of Computer Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- First Pathology Division, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Pardini
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Turin, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Sonia Tarallo
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Turin, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara M Ciniselli
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Noci
- Molecular Epigenomics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Daveri
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Signoroni
- Hereditary Digestive Tract Tumors Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Cattaneo
- First Pathology Division, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Morelli
- Laboratory Medicine Division, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Milione
- First Pathology Division, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Cordero
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Dept. of Computer Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Licia Rivoltini
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Verderio
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pasanisi
- Unit of Epidemiology and Prevention, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Vitellaro
- Hereditary Digestive Tract Tumors Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Turin, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Manuela Gariboldi
- Molecular Epigenomics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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Luo J, Zhao S, Ren Q, Guan G, Luo J, Yin H. Role of Recognition MicroRNAs in Hemaphysalis longicornis and Theileria orientalis Interactions. Pathogens 2024; 13:288. [PMID: 38668243 PMCID: PMC11054001 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ticks are an important type of pathogen transmission vector, and pathogens not only cause serious harm to livestock but can also infect humans. Because of the roles that ticks play in disease transmission, reducing tick pathogen infectivity has become increasingly important and requires the identification and characterization of these pathogens and their interaction mechanisms. In this study, we determined the miRNA expression profile of Hemaphysalis longicornis infected with Theileria orientalis, predicted the target genes of miRNAs involved in this infection process, and investigated the role of miRNA target recognition during host-pathogen interactions. The results showed that longipain is a target gene of miR-5309, which was differentially expressed at different developmental stages and in various tissues in the control group. However, the miR-5309 level was reduced in the infection group. Analysis of the interaction between miRNA and the target gene showed that miR-5309 negatively regulated the expression of the longipain protein during the infection of H. longicornis with T. orientalis. To verify this inference, we compared longipain with the blocking agent orientalis. In this study, the expression of longipain was upregulated by the inhibition of miR-5309 in ticks, and the ability of the antibody produced by the tick-derived protein to attenuate T. orientalis infection was verified through animal immunity and antigen-antibody binding tests. The results showed that expression of the longipain + GST fusion protein caused the cattle to produce antibodies that could be successfully captured by ticks, and cellular immunity was subsequently activated in the ticks, resulting in a subtractive effect on T. orientalis infection. This research provides ideas for the control of ticks and tickborne diseases and a research basis for studying the mechanism underlying the interaction between ticks and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (S.Z.); (Q.R.); (G.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Shuaiyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (S.Z.); (Q.R.); (G.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Qiaoyun Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (S.Z.); (Q.R.); (G.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Guiquan Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (S.Z.); (Q.R.); (G.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianxun Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (S.Z.); (Q.R.); (G.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (S.Z.); (Q.R.); (G.G.); (J.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Feng Z, Fan Y, Shi X, Luo X, Xie J, Liu S, Duan C, Wang Q, Ye Y, Yin W. Dysregulation of iron transport-related biomarkers in blood leukocytes is associated with poor prognosis of early trauma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27000. [PMID: 38463887 PMCID: PMC10923684 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The early targeted and effective diagnosis and treatment of severe trauma are crucial for patients' outcomes. Blood leukocytes act as significant effectors during the initial inflammation and activation of innate immunity in trauma. This study aims to identify hub genes related to patients' prognosis in blood leukocytes at the early stages of trauma. Methods The expression profiles of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Series (GSE) 36809 and GSE11375 were downloaded from the GEO database. R software, GraphPad Prism 9.3.1 software, STRING database, and Cytoscape software were used to process the data and identify hub genes in blood leukocytes of early trauma. Results Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of blood leukocytes at the early stages of trauma (0-4 h, 4-8 h, and 8-12 h) were mainly involved in neutrophil activation and neutrophil degranulation, neutrophil activation involved in immune response, neutrophil mediated immunity, lymphocyte differentiation, and cell killing. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly involved in Osteoclast differentiation and Hematopoietic cell lineage. Sixty-six down-regulated DEGs and 148 up-regulated DEGs were identified and 37 hub genes were confirmed by Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) of Cytoscape. Among the hub genes, Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), Lactotransferrin (LTF), Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4), Resistin (RETN), and Transcobalamin 1 (TCN1) were related to prognosis and connected with iron transport closely. LCN2 and LTF were involved in iron transport and had a moderate predictive value for the poor prognosis of trauma patients, and the AUC of LCN2 and LTF was 0.7777 and 0.7843, respectively. Conclusion As iron transport-related hub genes in blood leukocytes, LCN2 and LTF can be used for prognostic prediction of early trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhusheng Feng
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingnan Fan
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofei Shi
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xu Luo
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiangang Xie
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shanshou Liu
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chujun Duan
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qianmei Wang
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuqin Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, PLA 921th Hospital (Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Amniouel S, Jafri MS. High-accuracy prediction of colorectal cancer chemotherapy efficacy using machine learning applied to gene expression data. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1272206. [PMID: 38304289 PMCID: PMC10830836 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1272206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: FOLFOX and FOLFIRI chemotherapy are considered standard first-line treatment options for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the criteria for selecting the appropriate treatments have not been thoroughly analyzed. Methods: A newly developed machine learning model was applied on several gene expression data from the public repository GEO database to identify molecular signatures predictive of efficacy of 5-FU based combination chemotherapy (FOLFOX and FOLFIRI) in patients with CRC. The model was trained using 5-fold cross validation and multiple feature selection methods including LASSO and VarSelRF methods. Random Forest and support vector machine classifiers were applied to evaluate the performance of the models. Results and Discussion: For the CRC GEO dataset samples from patients who received either FOLFOX or FOLFIRI, validation and test sets were >90% correctly classified (accuracy), with specificity and sensitivity ranging between 85%-95%. In the datasets used from the GEO database, 28.6% of patients who failed the treatment therapy they received are predicted to benefit from the alternative treatment. Analysis of the gene signature suggests the mechanistic difference between colorectal cancers that respond and those that do not respond to FOLFOX and FOLFIRI. Application of this machine learning approach could lead to improvements in treatment outcomes for patients with CRC and other cancers after additional appropriate clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Amniouel
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Mohsin Saleet Jafri
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Huang J, Xu Z, Jiao J, Li Z, Li S, Liu Y, Li Z, Qu G, Wu J, Zhao Y, Chen K, Li J, Pan Y, Wu X, Ren J. Microfluidic intestinal organoid-on-a-chip uncovers therapeutic targets by recapitulating oxygen dynamics of intestinal IR injury. Bioact Mater 2023; 30:1-14. [PMID: 37534235 PMCID: PMC10391666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that mammals have different reactions to hypoxia with varied oxygen dynamic patterns. It takes ∼24 h for tri-gas incubator to achieve steady cell hypoxia, which fails to recapitulate ultrafast oxygen dynamics of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Inspired from the structure of native intestinal villi, we engineered an intestinal organoid chip embedded with engineered artificial microvessels based on co-axial microfluidic technology by using pH-responsive ZIF-8/sodium alginate scaffold. The chip was featured on: (i) eight times the oxygen exchange efficiency compared with the conventional device, tri-gas incubator, (ii) implantation of intestinal organoid reproducing all types of intestinal epithelial cells, and (iii) bio-responsiveness to hypoxia and reoxygenation (HR) by presenting metabolism disorder, inflammatory reaction, and cell apoptosis. Strikingly, it was found for the first time that Olfactomedin 4 (Olfm4) was the most significantly down-regulated gene under a rapid HR condition by sequencing the RNA from the organoids. Mechanistically, OLFM4 played protective functions on HR-induced cell inflammation and tissue damage by inhibiting the NF-kappa B signaling activation, thus it could be used as a therapeutic target. Altogether, this study overcomes the issue of mismatched oxygen dynamics between in vitro and in vivo, and sets an example of next-generation multisystem-interactive organoid chip for finding precise therapeutic targets of IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Huang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ziyan Xu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zongan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing, NARI School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Sicheng Li
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ze Li
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Guiwen Qu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jie Wu
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing Benq Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210019, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing Benq Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210019, China
| | - Kang Chen
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jieshou Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yichang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jianan Ren
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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Chen S, Wang X, Liu Z, Wang J, Guo Y, Wang Q, Huang H, Li Y, Yu C, Xu C. Olfactomedin 4 deletion exacerbates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through P62-dependent mitophagy in mice. Metabolism 2023; 148:155679. [PMID: 37611821 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) is a glycoprotein that is related to obesity and insulin resistance. This study aims to investigate the role and mechanisms of OLFM4 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). APPROACH & RESULTS OLFM4 expression levels were significantly increased in liver samples from NAFLD patients and in cellular and mouse models of NAFLD. Cell lines deficient in or overexpressing OLFM4 and Olfm4-/- mice were established to study its role in NAFLD. OLFM4 deficiency significantly aggravated diet-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation, while re-expression of OLFM4 ameliorated diet-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation in mice. Mechanistically, OLFM4 deficiency disrupted mitochondrial structure and decreased mitophagy in hepatocytes, thereby aggravating hepatic lipogenesis, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Moreover, OLFM4 directly interacted with P62, and OLFM4 deficiency decreased mitophagy in both cellular and mouse models of NAFLD through a P62-dependent mechanism. We also show that blocking the P62-ZZ-domain using XRK3F2 prevented diet-induced NAFLD in Olfm4-/- mice. CONCLUSION OLFM4 is significantly upregulated in NAFLD, and OLFM4 deletion exacerbates NAFLD through P62-dependent mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhening Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qinqiu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hangkai Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Youming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chengfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Padilla-Banks E, Jefferson WN, Papas BN, Suen AA, Xu X, Carreon DV, Willson CJ, Quist EM, Williams CJ. Developmental estrogen exposure in mice disrupts uterine epithelial cell differentiation and causes adenocarcinoma via Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT signaling. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002334. [PMID: 37856394 PMCID: PMC10586657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue development entails genetically programmed differentiation of immature cell types to mature, fully differentiated cells. Exposure during development to non-mutagenic environmental factors can contribute to cancer risk, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. We used a mouse model of endometrial adenocarcinoma that results from brief developmental exposure to an estrogenic chemical, diethylstilbestrol (DES), to determine causative factors. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and spatial transcriptomics of adult control uteri revealed novel markers of uterine epithelial stem cells (EpSCs), identified distinct luminal and glandular progenitor cell (PC) populations, and defined glandular and luminal epithelium (LE) cell differentiation trajectories. Neonatal DES exposure disrupted uterine epithelial cell differentiation, resulting in a failure to generate an EpSC population or distinguishable glandular and luminal progenitors or mature cells. Instead, the DES-exposed epithelial cells were characterized by a single proliferating PC population and widespread activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The underlying endometrial stromal cells had dramatic increases in inflammatory signaling pathways and oxidative stress. Together, these changes activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT serine-threonine kinase signaling and malignant transformation of cells that were marked by phospho-AKT and the cancer-associated protein olfactomedin 4. Here, we defined a mechanistic pathway from developmental exposure to an endocrine disrupting chemical to the development of adult-onset cancer. These findings provide an explanation for how human cancers, which are often associated with abnormal activation of PI3K/AKT signaling, could result from exposure to environmental insults during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Padilla-Banks
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Wendy N. Jefferson
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brian N. Papas
- Integrative Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alisa A. Suen
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xin Xu
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Diana V. Carreon
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Cynthia J. Willson
- Inotiv-RTP, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Erin M. Quist
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Carmen J. Williams
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
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10
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Cichowska AW, Wisniewski J, Bromke MA, Olejnik B, Mogielnicka-Brzozowska M. Proteome Profiling of Canine Epididymal Fluid: In Search of Protein Markers of Epididymal Sperm Motility. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14790. [PMID: 37834239 PMCID: PMC10573609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm maturation in the epididymis is based on interactions with proteins from epididymal fluid (EF). The aim of the study was to profile canine EF proteome and investigate correlations between EF protein content and epididymal spermatozoa (ES) motion parameters. Twenty-three male dogs were divided into two groups: good sperm motility (GSM) and poor sperm motility (PSM). The total motility and progressive motility differed significantly (p = 0.031; p < 0.001, respectively) between the GSM group and the PSM group. The semen samples were centrifuged to separate the EF apart from the ES. The canine EF proteins were analyzed using nano-liquid chromatography, which was coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (NanoUPLC-Q-TOF/MS) and bioinformatic tools for the first time. A total of 915 proteins were identified (GSM-506; PSM-409, respectively). UniProt identification resulted in six unique proteins (UPs) in the GSM group of dogs and four UPs in the PSM group. A semi-quantitative analysis showed a higher abundance (p < 0.05) of four differentially expressed proteins in the GSM group (ALB, CRISP2, LCNL1, PTGDS). Motility-dependent variations were detected in the EF proteome and were related to important metabolic pathways, which might suggest that several proteins could be potential ES motility biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra W. Cichowska
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wisniewski
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz A. Bromke
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Olejnik
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marzena Mogielnicka-Brzozowska
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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11
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Ferrant J, Pontis A, Zimmermann F, Dingli F, Poullet P, Loew D, Tarte K, Dumontet E. Phenotypic and proteomic analysis of plasma extracellular vesicles highlights them as potential biomarkers of primary Sjögren syndrome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1207545. [PMID: 37529039 PMCID: PMC10388367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1207545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren syndrome (SjS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of the exocrine gland epithelia, causing a dryness of mucosa called sicca symptoms, and whose main life-threatening complication is lymphoma. There is a need for new biomarkers in this disease, notably diagnostic biomarkers for patients with genuine sicca symptoms that do not meet current criteria, and prognostic biomarkers for patients at risk of lymphoma. Plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising biomarker candidates in several diseases, but their potential has not yet been explored in SjS. In this proof-of-concept study, we characterized EVs from primary SjS patients (pSS, n=12) at the phenotypic and proteomic levels, compared to EVs from healthy donor (HD, n=8) and systemic lupus erythematosus patients (SLE, n=12). Specific plasma EVs subpopulations, derived from neutrophils, endothelial, and epithelial cells, were found increased in pSS. We also identified a pSS proteomic signature in plasma EVs, including neutrophil-, epithelial-, and endothelial-related proteins, such as integrin alpha M (ITGAM), olfactomedin-4 (OLFM4), Ras-related protein RAB10, and CD36. Overall, our results support the relevance of plasma EVs as biomarkers in SjS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Ferrant
- Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
- UMR, Université Rennes, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang, Rennes, France
| | - Adeline Pontis
- Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - François Zimmermann
- Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CurieCoreTech Mass Spectrometry Proteomics, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Poullet
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, Mines Paris Tech, Bioinformatics core facility (CUBIC), Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CurieCoreTech Mass Spectrometry Proteomics, Paris, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
- UMR, Université Rennes, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang, Rennes, France
| | - Erwan Dumontet
- Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
- UMR, Université Rennes, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang, Rennes, France
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12
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Li H, Chaitankar V, Cui L, Chen W, Chin K, Zhu J, Liu W, Rodgers GP. Characterization of olfactomedin 4+ cells in prostate and urethral-tube epithelium during murine postnatal development and in adult mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10290. [PMID: 37357228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37320-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactomedin4 (Olfm4) is expressed in normal mouse prostate. However, Olfm4+ cells in the murine prostate have not been well characterized. In this study, we generated an Olfm4eGFP reporter mouse line with C57BL/6 mice and investigated the distribution of Olfm4/eGFP-expressing cells during postnatal development from P1, P7, P14, P20, P42, P56 to adult male mouse prostate and urethral tube. We observed Olfm4/eGFP expression in urogenital and prostatic epithelial cells during early postnatal development, which persisted into adulthood in urethral-tube and anterior-prostate (AP) epithelium. We found Olfm4+ cells are E-cadherin+/CD44+/Foxa1+ and some of subpopulation are Ck8+/Ck5+/Sca-1-/Ck4-/Syn- in the adult mouse AP epithelium. Functional studies of single-cell preparations of Olfm4/eGFP-expressing cells isolated from adult Olfm4eGFP mouse prostate demonstrated that Olfm4+ cells can grow and form colonies, spheres, or organoids in culture. Bioinformatic analysis of Olfm4+ cells using single-cell RNA sequencing meta data in adult mouse urethra (GSE145865) identified upregulation of genes related to cell and tissue migration and development, as well as upregulation of xenobiotic metabolism signaling pathways. In conclusion, Olfm4eGFP mouse is a novel model to further study Olfm4's biological functions and Olfm4+ cells may contribute importantly to cellular processes supporting development and homeostasis of the epithelium in murine prostate and urethral tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Li
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Room 9N119, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vijender Chaitankar
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lena Cui
- Genomics Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Weiping Chen
- Genomics Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kyung Chin
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Room 9N119, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jianqiong Zhu
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Room 9N119, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wenli Liu
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Room 9N119, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Griffin P Rodgers
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Room 9N119, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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13
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Karaffová V, Teleky J, Pintarič M, Langerholc T, Mudroňová D, Hudec E, Ševčíková Z. Application of Lactobacillus reuteri B1/1 ( Limosilactobacillus reuteri) Improves Immunological Profile of the Non-Carcinogenic Porcine-Derived Enterocytes. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051090. [PMID: 37240735 DOI: 10.3390/life13051090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous studies, Lactobacillus reuteri B1/1, which was renamed Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), was able to modulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other components of the innate immune response in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Lactobacillus reuteri B1/1 in two concentrations (1 × 107 and 1 × 109 CFU) on the metabolic activity, adherence ability and relative gene expression of pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18), lumican and olfactomedin 4 produced by non-carcinogenic porcine-derived enterocytes (CLAB). CLAB cells were cultured in a 12-well cell culture plate at a concentration of 4 × 105 cells/well in DMEM medium in a controlled humidified atmosphere for 48 h. A 1 mL volume of each probiotic bacterial suspension was added to the CLAB cells. Plates were incubated for 2 h and 4 h. Our results revealed that L. reuteri B1/1 was able to adhere to CLAB cells in sufficient numbers in both concentrations. In particular, the concentration of 109L. reuteri B1/1 allowed to modulate the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as to increase the metabolic activity of the cells. In addition, administration of L. reuteri B1/1 in both concentrations significantly stimulated gene expression for both proteins in the CLAB cell line after 4 h of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viera Karaffová
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Teleky
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Maša Pintarič
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Langerholc
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia
| | - Dagmar Mudroňová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Erik Hudec
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Ševčíková
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
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14
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Sepsis is a severe inflammatory disease syndrome caused by the dysregulated host response to infection. Neutrophils act as the first line of defense against pathogens by releasing effector molecules such as reactive oxygen species, myeloperoxidase, and neutrophil extracellular traps. However, uncontrolled activation of neutrophils and extensive release of effector molecules often cause a "friendly fire" to damage organ systems. Although neutrophils are considered a short-lived, terminally differentiated homogeneous population, recent studies have revealed its heterogeneity comprising different subsets or states implicated in sepsis pathophysiology. Besides the well-known N1 and N2 subsets of neutrophils, several new subsets including aged, antigen-presenting, reverse-migrated, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 + , low-density, olfactomedin 4 + , and Siglec-F + neutrophils have been reported. These neutrophils potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of sepsis based on their proinflammatory and immunosuppressive functions. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules to induce inflammation by stimulating pattern recognition receptors on immune cells. Different kinds of DAMPs have been shown to contribute to sepsis pathophysiology, including extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein, high-mobility group box 1, extracellular histones, and heat shock proteins. In this review, we summarize the different subsets of neutrophils and their association with sepsis and discuss the novel roles of DAMPs on neutrophil heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Murao
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York, USA
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15
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Profiling intestinal stem and proliferative cells in the small intestine of broiler chickens via in situ hybridization during the peri-hatch period. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102495. [PMID: 36758370 PMCID: PMC9929584 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature small intestines have crypts populated by stem cells which produce replacement cells to maintain the absorptive villus surface area. The embryonic crypt is rudimentary and cells along the villi are capable of proliferation. By 7 d post-hatch the crypts are developed and are the primary sites of proliferation. Research characterizing the proliferative expansion of the small intestine during the peri-hatch period is lacking. The objective of this study was to profile the changes of genes that are markers of stem cells and proliferation: Olfactomedin 4 (Olfm4), Leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5), and marker of proliferation Ki67 from embryonic day 17 to 7 d post-hatch using quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization (ISH). The expression of the stem cell marker genes differed. Olfm4 mRNA increased while Lgr5 mRNA decreased post-hatch. Ki67 mRNA decreased post-hatch in the duodenum and was generally the greatest in the ileum. The ISH was consistent with the quantitative PCR results. Olfm4 mRNA was only seen in the crypts and increased with morphological development of the crypts. In contrast Lgr5 mRNA was expressed in the crypt and the villi in the embryonic periods but became restricted to the intestinal crypt during the post-hatch period. Ki67 mRNA was expressed throughout the intestine pre-hatch, but then expression became restricted to the crypt and the center of the villi. The ontogeny of Olfm4, Lgr5, and Ki67 expressing cells show that proliferation in the peri-hatch intestine changes from along the entire villi to being restricted within the crypts.
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16
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Hypoxia-Driven Changes in a Human Intestinal Organoid Model and the Protective Effects of Hydrolyzed Whey. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020393. [PMID: 36678267 PMCID: PMC9863820 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many whey proteins, peptides and protein-derived amino acids have been suggested to improve gut health through their anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, barrier-protective and immune-modulating effects. Interestingly, although the degree of hydrolysis influences peptide composition and, thereby, biological function, this important aspect is often overlooked. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effects of whey protein fractions with different degrees of enzymatic hydrolysis on the intestinal epithelium in health and disease with a novel 2D human intestinal organoid (HIO) monolayer model. In addition, we aimed to assess the anti-microbial activity and immune effects of the whey protein fractions. Human intestinal organoids were cultured from adult small intestines, and a model enabling apical administration of nutritional components during hypoxia-induced intestinal inflammation and normoxia (control) in crypt-like and villus-like HIO was established. Subsequently, the potential beneficial effects of whey protein isolate (WPI) and two whey protein hydrolysates with a 27.7% degree of hydrolysis (DH28) and a 50.9% degree of hydrolysis (DH51) were assessed. In addition, possible immune modulatory effects on human peripheral immune cells and anti-microbial activity on four microbial strains of the whey protein fractions were investigated. Exposure to DH28 prevented paracellular barrier loss of crypt-like HIO following hypoxia-induced intestinal inflammation with a concomitant decrease in hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) mRNA expression. WPI increased Treg numbers and Treg expression of cluster of differentiation 25 (CD25) and CD69 and reduced CD4+ T cell proliferation, whereas no anti-microbial effects were observed. The observed biological effects were differentially mediated by diverse whey protein fractions, indicating that (degree of) hydrolysis influences their biological effects. Moreover, these new insights may provide opportunities to improve immune tolerance and promote intestinal health.
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17
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Todhunter ME, Miyano M, Carlson EG, Hinz S, LaBarge MA. Sustained postconfluent culture of human mammary epithelial cells enriches for luminal and c-Kit+ subtypes. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:6. [PMID: 36653787 PMCID: PMC9847146 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A challenge in human mammary epithelial cell (HMEC) culture is sustaining the representation of competing luminal, myoepithelial, and progenitor lineages over time. As cells replicate in culture, myoepithelial cells come to dominate the composition of the culture with serial passaging. This drift in composition presents a challenge for studying luminal and progenitor cells, which are prospective cells of origin for most breast cancer subtypes. METHODS We demonstrate the use of postconfluent culture on HMECs. Postconfluent culture entails culturing HMECs for 2-5 weeks without passaging but maintaining frequent feedings in low-stress M87A culture medium. In contrast, standard HMEC culture entails enzymatic subculturing every 3-5 days to maintain subconfluent density. RESULTS When compared to standard HMEC culture, postconfluent culture yields increased proportions of luminal cells and c-Kit+ progenitor cells. Postconfluent cultures develop a distinct multilayered morphology with individual cells showing decreased physical deformability as compared to cells in standard culture. Gene expression analysis of postconfluent cells shows increased expression of lineage-specific markers and extracellular matrix components. CONCLUSIONS Postconfluent culture is a novel, useful strategy for altering the lineage composition of HMECs, by increasing the proportional representation of luminal and progenitor cells. We speculate that postconfluent culture creates a microenvironment with cellular composition closer to the physiological state and eases the isolation of scarce cell subtypes. As such, postconfluent culture is a valuable tool for researchers using HMECs for breast cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Todhunter
- grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Masaru Miyano
- grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Eric G. Carlson
- grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010 USA ,grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Stefan Hinz
- grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Mark A. LaBarge
- grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
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18
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Jaitner S, Pretzsch E, Neumann J, Schäffauer A, Schiemann M, Angele M, Kumbrink J, Schwitalla S, Greten FR, Brandl L, Klauschen F, Horst D, Kirchner T, Jung A. Olfactomedin 4 associates with expression of differentiation markers but not with properties of cancer stemness, EMT nor metastatic spread in colorectal cancer. J Pathol Clin Res 2023; 9:73-85. [PMID: 36349502 PMCID: PMC9732686 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor stem cells play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis and metastatic spread in colorectal cancer (CRC). Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) is co-expressed with the established stem cell marker leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 at the bottom of intestinal crypts and has been suggested as a surrogate for cancer stemness and a biomarker in gastrointestinal tumors associated with prognosis. Therefore, it was the aim of the present study to clarify whether OLFM4 is involved in carcinogenesis and metastatic spread in CRC. We used a combined approach of functional assays using forced OLFM4 overexpression in human CRC cell lines, xenograft mice, and an immunohistochemical approach using patient tissues to investigate the impact of OLFM4 on stemness, canonical Wnt signaling, properties of metastasis and differentiation as well as prognosis. OLFM4 expression correlated weakly with tumor grade in one patient cohort (metastasis collection: p = 0.05; pooled analysis of metastasis collection and survival collection: p = 0.19) and paralleled the expression of differentiation markers (FABP2, MUC2, and CK20) (p = 0.002) but did not correlate with stemness-associated markers. Further analyses in CRC cells lines as well as xenograft mice including forced overexpression of OLFM4 revealed that OLFM4 neither altered the expression of markers of stemness nor epithelial-mesenchymal transition, nor did OLFM4 itself drive proliferation, migration, or colony formation, which are all prerequisites of carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In line with this, we found no significant correlation between OLFM4 expression, metastasis, and patient survival. In summary, expression of OLFM4 in human CRC seems to be characteristic of differentiation marker expression in CRC but is not a driver of carcinogenesis nor metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Jaitner
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Elise Pretzsch
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Munich, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Neumann
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Munich, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Achim Schäffauer
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Schiemann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group Immune Monitoring, Helmholtz Center Munich (Neuherberg) and Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Angele
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Kumbrink
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Munich, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Schwitalla
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Florian R Greten
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Munich, Heidelberg, Germany.,Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lydia Brandl
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Frederick Klauschen
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Munich, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Horst
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Munich, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Jung
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Munich, Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Ma HW, Kim JM, Kim DH, Park IS, Kim JH, Park KC, Seo DH, Kim JH, Che X, Kim TI, Cheon JH, Kim SW. Olfactomedin 4 produces dysplasia but suppresses metastasis of colon cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 30:694-703. [PMID: 36577836 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Development of colorectal cancer (CRC) is regulated by a series of genetic and microenvironmental alterations. Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) is a secreted glycoprotein that is highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and modulates inflammation. However, the role of OLFM4 in CRC is uncertain. Here we aimed to explore the function of OLFM4 in CRC in vivo and in vitro. The mRNA expression of OLFM4 was up-regulated in precursor lesions with dysplasia or ulcerative colitis but was reduced in CRC. OLFM4 neutralizing antibody suppressed inflammation-mediated early-stage CRC formation in an AOM/DSS colitis-associated cancer model. OLFM4 knockdown cells exhibited increased cell proliferation and motility in vitro and in vivo. Ablation of OLFM4 increased tumor growth and metastasis in xenograft experiments. In addition, OLFM4 knockdown cells showed elevated expression of colon cancer stem cell markers including CD133, resulting in increased metastasis via epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling. This study demonstrated that OLFM4 regulates inflammation and cancer progression differently; ablation of OLFM4 promotes cancer metastasis via stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These results suggest a new route for controlling cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Da Hye Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - I Seul Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Cheong Park
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hyuk Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xiumei Che
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. .,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Seung Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. .,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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20
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Cárdenas-León CG, Mäemets-Allas K, Klaas M, Lagus H, Kankuri E, Jaks V. Matricellular proteins in cutaneous wound healing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1073320. [PMID: 36506087 PMCID: PMC9730256 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1073320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is a complex process that encompasses alterations in all aspects of the skin including the extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM consist of large structural proteins such as collagens and elastin as well as smaller proteins with mainly regulative properties called matricellular proteins. Matricellular proteins bind to structural proteins and their functions include but are not limited to interaction with cell surface receptors, cytokines, or protease and evoking a cellular response. The signaling initiated by matricellular proteins modulates differentiation and proliferation of cells having an impact on the tissue regeneration. In this review we give an overview of the matricellular proteins that have been found to be involved in cutaneous wound healing and summarize the information known to date about their functions in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Mäemets-Allas
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mariliis Klaas
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Heli Lagus
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Wound Healing Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esko Kankuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Viljar Jaks
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia,Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia,*Correspondence: Viljar Jaks,
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21
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Krieg L, Didt K, Karkossa I, Bernhart SH, Kehr S, Subramanian N, Lindhorst A, Schaudinn A, Tabei S, Keller M, Stumvoll M, Dietrich A, von Bergen M, Stadler PF, Laurencikiene J, Krüger M, Blüher M, Gericke M, Schubert K, Kovacs P, Chakaroun R, Massier L. Multiomics reveal unique signatures of human epiploic adipose tissue related to systemic insulin resistance. Gut 2022; 71:2179-2193. [PMID: 34598978 PMCID: PMC9554031 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human white adipose tissue (AT) is a metabolically active organ with distinct depot-specific functions. Despite their locations close to the gastrointestinal tract, mesenteric AT and epiploic AT (epiAT) have only scarcely been investigated. Here, we aim to characterise these ATs in-depth and estimate their contribution to alterations in whole-body metabolism. DESIGN Mesenteric, epiploic, omental and abdominal subcutaneous ATs were collected from 70 patients with obesity undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. The metabolically well-characterised cohort included nine subjects with insulin sensitive (IS) obesity, whose AT samples were analysed in a multiomics approach, including methylome, transcriptome and proteome along with samples from subjects with insulin resistance (IR) matched for age, sex and body mass index (n=9). Findings implying differences between AT depots in these subgroups were validated in the entire cohort (n=70) by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS While mesenteric AT exhibited signatures similar to those found in the omental depot, epiAT was distinct from all other studied fat depots. Multiomics allowed clear discrimination between the IS and IR states in all tissues. The highest discriminatory power between IS and IR was seen in epiAT, where profound differences in the regulation of developmental, metabolic and inflammatory pathways were observed. Gene expression levels of key molecules involved in AT function, metabolic homeostasis and inflammation revealed significant depot-specific differences with epiAT showing the highest expression levels. CONCLUSION Multi-omics epiAT signatures reflect systemic IR and obesity subphenotypes distinct from other fat depots. Our data suggest a previously unrecognised role of human epiploic fat in the context of obesity, impaired insulin sensitivity and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Krieg
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konrad Didt
- Department for Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabel Karkossa
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan H Bernhart
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kehr
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Lindhorst
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Schaudinn
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shirin Tabei
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maria Keller
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Clinic for Visceral, Transplantation and Thorax and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany,Faculty of Life Science, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter F Stadler
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Martin Krüger
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany,Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Gericke
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany,Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Kristin Schubert
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung eV, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rima Chakaroun
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lucas Massier
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden .,Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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22
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Qinbaohong Zhike Oral Liquid Attenuates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Immature Rats by Inhibiting OLFM4. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7272371. [PMID: 36035204 PMCID: PMC9400428 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7272371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a common public safety threat with high morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients worldwide. Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid (QBH), a marketed traditional Chinese medicine product, has been widely used to cure respiratory diseases. QBH is reported to have antitussive, expectorant, and antiasthmatic properties. However, its treatment effect against ARIs is not elucidated. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic efficacy of QBH in the treatment of ARIs-induced pneumonia. Network pharmacology was used to predict the possible targets of QBH against ARIs. Next, the tracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS-)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) immature rat model was constructed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of QBH. Tandem mass tag (TMT-)-based quantitative proteomics was then used to screen the in-depth disease targets of QBH. QBH exerted a protective effect against LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting pulmonary pathological damage. QBH also reduced the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the serum and IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF in the lung tissue. Based on proteomic data, olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) related to immunity and inflammation was selected as a potential target. Western blot analysis further confirmed the moderating effect of QBH downregulation on OLFM4 in the lung tissue. Our findings demonstrated that QBH alleviated lung tissue damage and inflammatory reaction via inhibiting OLFM4 expression in LPS-challenged immature rats. Our research indicates that QBH may have therapeutic potential for treating ARIs-related ALI in pediatric patients, which also serves as a candidate target for drug therapy of ALI by intervening OLFM-related signaling pathways.
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23
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New Insights of OLFM2 and OLFM4 in Gut-Liver Axis and Their Potential Involvement in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137442. [PMID: 35806447 PMCID: PMC9267292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactomedins (OLFMs) are a family of glycoproteins that play a relevant role in embryonic development and in some pathological processes. Although OLFM2 is involved in the regulation of the energy metabolism and OLFM4 is an important player in inflammation, innate immunity and cancer, the role of OLFMs in NAFLD-related intestinal dysbiosis remains unknown. In this study, we analysed the hepatic mRNA expression of OLFM2 and the jejunal expression of OLFM4 in a well-established cohort of women with morbid obesity (MO), classified according to their hepatic histology into normal liver (n = 27), simple steatosis (n = 26) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH, n = 16). Our results showed that OLFM2 hepatic mRNA was higher in NASH, in advanced degrees of steatosis and in the presence of lobular inflammation. Additionally, we obtained positive correlations between hepatic OLFM2 and glucose, cholesterol, trimethylamine N-oxide and deoxycholic acid levels and hepatic fatty acid synthase, and negative associations with weight and jejunal Toll-like receptors (TLR4) and TLR5 expression. Regarding jejunal OLFM4, we observed positive correlations with circulating interleukin (IL)-8, IL-10, IL-17 and jejunal TLR9. In conclusion, OLFM2 in the liver seems to play a relevant role in NAFLD progression, while OLFM4 in the jejunum could be involved in gut dysbiosis-related inflammatory events.
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24
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Tsai YH, Wu A, Wu JH, Capeling MM, Holloway EM, Huang S, Czerwinkski M, Glass I, Higgins PDR, Spence JR. Acquisition of NOTCH dependence is a hallmark of human intestinal stem cell maturation. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1138-1153. [PMID: 35395175 PMCID: PMC9133587 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
NOTCH signaling is a key regulator involved in maintaining intestinal stem cell (ISC) homeostasis and for balancing differentiation. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we observed that OLFM4, a NOTCH target gene present in ISCs, is first expressed at 13 weeks post-conception in the developing human intestine and increases over time. This led us to hypothesize that the requirement for NOTCH signaling is acquired across human development. To test this, we established a series of epithelium-only organoids (enteroids) from different developmental stages and used γ-secretase inhibitors (dibenzazepine [DBZ] or DAPT) to functionally block NOTCH signaling. Using quantitative enteroid-forming assays, we observed a decrease in enteroid forming efficiency in response to γ-secretase inhibition as development progress. When DBZ was added to cultures and maintained during routine passaging, enteroids isolated from tissue before 20 weeks had higher recovery rates following single-cell serial passaging. Finally, bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis 1 day and 3 days after DBZ treatment showed major differences in the transcriptional changes between developing or adult enteroids. Collectively, these data suggest that ISC dependence on NOTCH signaling increases as the human intestine matures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hwai Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Angeline Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joshua H Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Meghan M Capeling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily M Holloway
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael Czerwinkski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ian Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Peter D R Higgins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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25
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Proteomics Analysis in Japanese Medaka Oryzias latipes Exposed to Humic Acid Revealed Suppression of Innate Immunity and Coagulation Proteins. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050683. [PMID: 35625410 PMCID: PMC9138666 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Humic acids are one of the main components of the natural organic matter in surface waters that give them brown color. These compounds are known to have positive effects on aquatic animals such as increased growth and stress resistance. At the same time, there is experimental evidence that humic acids, being natural xenobiotics, act as follows: they cause stress responses at the molecular level. Our aim was to study humic acid-related effects on fish by performing the proteomic analysis of the blood plasma from Japanese medaka exposed to humic acid in concentrations that can be found in natural waters. Results of the study showed that most of the plasma proteins in the exposed fish had a lower abundance compared to that of the intact fish; humic acid caused a reduction in circulating levels of complement components, coagulation factors, and their regulators. Abstract Humic acids (HA), one of the major components of dissolved organic matter, can interfere with different metabolic pathways in aquatic animals, causing various biological effects. This study aimed to provide a molecular basis for HA-related responses in fish by analyzing changes in the blood plasma proteome following short-term exposure to environmentally relevant HA concentrations using the Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes Hd-rR strain as a model organism. Proteomics data were obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis employing a label-free quantification approach. HA caused dysregulation of proteins involved in various biological processes, including protein folding, signaling, transport, metabolism, regulation, immune response, and coagulation. The majority of the differentially abundant proteins were down-regulated, including those involved in humoral immunity and coagulation. HA caused the decrease of the complement cascade and membrane attack complex proteins abundance, as well as proteins participating in activation and regulation of secondary hemostasis. The most pronounced suppression was observed at the highest tested HA concentration.
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26
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Chen Z, Zhang X, Xing Z, Lv S, Huang L, Liu J, Ye S, Li X, Chen M, Zuo S, Tao Y, He Y. OLFM4 deficiency delays the progression of colitis to colorectal cancer by abrogating PMN-MDSCs recruitment. Oncogene 2022; 41:3131-3150. [PMID: 35487976 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is strongly associated with the development of colitis-associated tumorigenesis (CAT). Despite recent advances in the understanding of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell (PMN-MDSC) responses in cancer, the mechanisms of these cells during this process remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we discovered a glycoprotein, olfactomedin-4 (OLFM4), was highly expressed in PMN-MDSCs from colitis to colorectal cancer (CRC), and its expression level and PMN-MDSC population positively correlated with the progression of IBD to CRC. Moreover, mice lacking OLFM4 in myeloid cells showed poor recruitment of PMN-MDSCs, impaired intestinal homeostasis, and delayed development from IBD to CRC, and increased response to anti-PD1 therapy. The main mechanism of OLFM4-mediated PMN-MDSC activity involved the NF-κB/PTGS2 pathway, through the binding of LGALS3, a galactoside-binding protein expressed on PMN-MDSCs. Our results showed that the OLFM4/NF-κB/PTGS2 pathway promoted PMN-MDSC recruitment, which played an essential role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, but showed resistance to anti-PD1 therapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Xing
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuaijun Lv
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linxuan Huang
- Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, China
| | - Jingping Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shubiao Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyao Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiqi Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaowen Zuo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingxu Tao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumei He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, China. .,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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27
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Diez S, Renner M, Bahlinger V, Hartmann A, Besendörfer M, Müller H. Increased expression of OLFM4 and lysozyme during necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates: an observational research study. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:192. [PMID: 35410162 PMCID: PMC8996401 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In neonatal patients with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) the inflammatory response is mediated by a plurality of different proteins. The proteins olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) and lysozyme (LYZ) are part of the intestinal mucosal defense and especially OLFM4 has rarely been evaluated in neonatal gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze whether expression levels of both proteins of innate immunity, OLFM4 and lysozyme, were increased during NEC in neonates. Methods Intestinal tissues of patients with NEC were examined with immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections of resected tissue using antibodies against OLFM4 and lysozyme. Staining-positive tissues were semi-quantitatively scored from 0 (no staining), 1 (weak staining), 2 (moderate staining) to 3 (highly intense staining) by two individual investigators. Intestinal tissue of infants with volvulus was used as a control as other intestinal tissue without major inflammation was not available. Results Both applied antibodies against OLFM4 showed different staining patterns with higher staining intensity of the antibody OLFM4 (D1E4M). OLFM4 (median score of the antibody OLFM4 (D1E4M): 3.0) and lysozyme (median score: 3.0) are highly expressed in intestinal and immune cells during NEC. Expression of OLFM4 and lysozyme in the control samples with volvulus was observable but significantly lower (median score of the antibody OLFM4 (D1E4M): 1.25; median score of the antibody against LYZ: 2.0; p = 0.033 and p = 0.037, respectively). Conclusions Both proteins, OLFM4 and lysozyme, may play a role in the pathogenesis of NEC in neonatal patients, but the exact mechanisms of OLFM4 and lysozyme function and their role in immunological responses have not yet been resolved in detail. These observations add new insights as basis for further large-scale population research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Diez
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Pediatric Surgery, Department for General Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestraße 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Marcus Renner
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veronika Bahlinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstraße 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstraße 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuel Besendörfer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Pediatric Surgery, Department for General Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestraße 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hanna Müller
- Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35033, Marburg, Germany
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28
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Liu W, Rodgers GP. Olfactomedin 4 Is a Biomarker for the Severity of Infectious Diseases. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac061. [PMID: 35291445 PMCID: PMC8918383 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers of infectious diseases are essential tools for patient monitoring, diagnostics, and prognostics. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) in neutrophil biology and of OLFM4 as a new biomarker for certain infectious diseases. OLFM4 is a neutrophil-specific granule protein that is expressed in a subset of human and mouse neutrophils. OLFM4 expression is upregulated in many viral and bacterial infections, as well as in malaria. OLFM4 appears to play an important role in regulating host innate immunity against bacterial infection. Further, higher expression of OLFM4 is associated with severity of disease for dengue virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and malaria infections. In addition, higher expression of OLFM4 or a higher percentage of OLFM4 + neutrophils is associated with poorer outcomes in septic patients. OLFM4 is a promising biomarker and potential therapeutic target in certain infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Liu
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Griffin P Rodgers
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Liu W, Rodgers GP. Olfactomedin 4 Is Not a Precise Marker for Human Intestinal Stem Cells, But Is Involved in Intestinal Carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1001-1004. [PMID: 34906535 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Liu
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Griffin P Rodgers
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Cárdenas-León CG, Klaas M, Mäemets-Allas K, Arak T, Eller M, Jaks V. Olfactomedin 4 regulates migration and proliferation of immortalized non-transformed keratinocytes through modulation of the cell cycle machinery and actin cytoskeleton remodelling. Exp Cell Res 2022; 415:113111. [PMID: 35337817 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4), a multifunctional matricellular protein, is involved in regulation of angiogenesis, innate immunity, inflammation, tumorigenesis and metastasis formation via modulation of important cellular processes like adhesion, proliferation, differentiation as well as apoptosis. In our previous work we demonstrated the upregulation of OLFM4 during liver regeneration and cutaneous wound healing. Here we studied the outcomes of OLFM4 downregulation in human immortalized keratinocytes - the HaCaT cells. The suppression of OLFM4 inhibited migration but enhanced the proliferation of these cells. By using proteomic, and phosphoproteomic analysis, we found that OLFM4 downregulation induced changes in the levels of 184 proteins and 348 phosphosites. An integrated pathway analysis suggested that the increased phosphorylation of CDK7 at Ser164 and Thr170 may serve as the key event in the activation of CDK2 and consequent activation of cell cycle progression. Furthermore, the decrease in GIT1 and WAVE2 protein levels were connected to the disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, reduction of lamellipodia formation at the leading edge of HaCaT cells, and decrease in their migration capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariliis Klaas
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristina Mäemets-Allas
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Terje Arak
- Tartu University Hospital, Surgery Clinic, Puusepa 8, 50406, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mart Eller
- Tartu University Hospital, Surgery Clinic, Puusepa 8, 50406, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Viljar Jaks
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia; Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia.
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Proteomic Analysis of Intracellular and Membrane-Associated Fractions of Canine (Canis lupus familiaris) Epididymal Spermatozoa and Sperm Structure Separation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060772. [PMID: 35327169 PMCID: PMC8944539 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Epididymal spermatozoa have great potential in current dog reproductive technologies. In the case of azoospermia or when the male dies, the recovery of epididymal spermatozoa opens new possibilities for reproduction. It is of great importance to analyze the quality of the sperm in such cases. Proteomic studies contribute to explaining the role of proteins at various stages of epididymal sperm maturation and offer potential opportunities to use them as markers of sperm quality. The present study showed, for the first time, mass spectrometry and bioinformatic analysis of intracellular and membrane-associated proteins of canine epididymal spermatozoa. Additionally, sonication was used for the separation of dog epididymal sperm morphological elements (heads, tails and acrosomes). The results revealed the presence of differentially abundant proteins in both sperm protein fractions significant for sperm function and fertilizing ability. It was also shown that these proteins participate in important sperm metabolic pathways, which may suggest their potential as sperm quality biomarkers. Abstract This study was provided for proteomic analysis of intracellular and membrane-associated fractions of canine (Canis lupus familiaris) epididymal spermatozoa and additionally to find optimal sonication parameters for the epididymal sperm morphological structure separation and sperm protein isolation. Sperm samples were collected from 15 dogs. Sperm protein fractions: intracellular (SIPs) and membrane-associated (SMAPs) were isolated. After sonication, sperm morphology was evaluated using Spermac Stain™. The sperm protein fractions were analyzed using gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and nanoliquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (NanoLC-Q-TOF/MS). UniProt database-supported identification resulted in 42 proteins identified in the SIPs and 153 proteins in the SMAPs. Differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were found in SIPs and SMAPs. Based on a gene ontology analysis, the dominant molecular functions of SIPs were catalytic activity (50%) and binding (28%). Hydrolase activity (33%) and transferase activity (21%) functions were dominant for SMAPs. Bioinformatic analysis of SIPs and SMAPs showed their participation in important metabolic pathways in epididymal sperm, which may suggest their potential as sperm quality biomarkers. The use of sonication 150 W, 10 min, may be recommended for the separation of dog epididymal sperm heads, tails, acrosomes and the protein isolation.
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Essfeld F, Reinwald H, Salinas G, Schäfers C, Eilebrecht E, Eilebrecht S. Transcriptomic profiling of clobetasol propionate-induced immunosuppression in challenged zebrafish embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 233:113346. [PMID: 35228030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the ecotoxicological hazard assessment of chemicals, the detection of immunotoxicity is currently neglected. This is mainly due to the complexity of the immune system and the consequent lack of standardized procedures and markers for the comprehensive assessment of immunotoxic modes of action. In this study, we present a new approach applying transcriptome profiling to an immune challenge with a mixture of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in zebrafish embryos, analyzing differential gene expression during acute infection with and without prior exposure to the immunosuppressive drug clobetasol propionate (CP). While PAMP injection itself triggered biological processes associated with immune activation, some of these genes were more differentially expressed upon prior exposure to CP than by immune induction alone, whereas others showed weaker or no differential regulation in response to the PAMP stimulus. All of these genes responding differently to PAMP after prior CP exposure showed additivity of PAMP- and CP-induced effects, indicating independent regulatory mechanisms. The transcriptomic profiles suggest that CP impaired innate immune induction by attenuating the response of genes involved in antigen processing, TLR signaling, NF-КB signaling, and complement activation. We propose this approach as a powerful method for detecting gene biomarkers for immunosuppressive modes of action, as it was able to identify alternatively regulated processes and pathways in a sublethal, acute infection zebrafish embryo model. This allowed to define biomarker candidates for immune-mediated effects and to comprehensively characterize immunosuppression. Ultimately, this work contributes to the development of molecular biomarker-based environmental hazard assessment of chemicals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Essfeld
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco'n'OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany; Computational Biology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hannes Reinwald
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco'n'OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany; Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- NGS-Services for Integrative Genomics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Schäfers
- Department Ecotoxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Elke Eilebrecht
- Department Ecotoxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eilebrecht
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco'n'OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany.
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Genome-Wide Association Study Adjusted for Occupational and Environmental Factors for Bladder Cancer Susceptibility. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030448. [PMID: 35328002 PMCID: PMC8950368 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the development of bladder cancer, adding longest-held occupational and industrial history as regulators. The genome purified from blood was genotyped, followed by SNP imputation. In the genome-wide association study (GWAS), several patterns of industrial/occupational classifications were added to logistic regression models. The association test between bladder cancer development and the calculated genetic score for each gene region was evaluated (gene-wise analysis). In the GWAS and gene-wise analysis, the gliomedin gene satisfied both suggestive association levels of 10−5 in the GWAS and 10−4 in the gene-wise analysis for male bladder cancer. The expression of the gliomedin protein in the nucleus of bladder cancer cells decreased in cancers with a tendency to infiltrate and those with strong cell atypia. It is hypothesized that gliomedin is involved in the development of bladder cancer.
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Klaas M, Mäemets-Allas K, Heinmäe E, Lagus H, Arak T, Eller M, Kingo K, Kankuri E, Jaks V. Olfactomedin-4 improves cutaneous wound healing by promoting skin cell proliferation and migration through POU5F1/OCT4 and ESR1 signalling cascades. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:157. [PMID: 35218417 PMCID: PMC8882121 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Olfactomedin-4 (OLFM4) is an olfactomedin-domain-containing glycoprotein, which regulates cell adhesion, proliferation, gastrointestinal inflammation, innate immunity and cancer metastasis. In the present study we investigated its role in skin regeneration. We found that OLFM4 expression is transiently upregulated in the proliferative phase of cutaneous wound healing in humans as well as in mice. Moreover, a significant increase in OLFM4 expression was detected in the skin of lesional psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation. In vitro experiments demonstrated that OLFM4 selectively stimulated keratinocyte proliferation and increased both keratinocyte and fibroblast migration. Using proteotranscriptomic pathway analysis we revealed that transcription factors POU5F1/OCT4 and ESR1 acted as hubs for OLFM4-induced signalling in keratinocytes. In vivo experiments utilizing mouse splinted full-thickness cutaneous wound healing model showed that application of recombinant OLFM4 protein can significantly improve wound healing efficacy. Taken together, our results suggest that OLFM4 acts as a transiently upregulated inflammatory signal that promotes wound healing by regulating both dermal and epidermal cell compartments of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariliis Klaas
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristina Mäemets-Allas
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Elizabeth Heinmäe
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Heli Lagus
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Wound Healing Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terje Arak
- Surgery Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Puusepa 8, 50406, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mart Eller
- Surgery Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Puusepa 8, 50406, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Külli Kingo
- Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Raja 31, 50417, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Esko Kankuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Viljar Jaks
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia. .,Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Raja 31, 50417, Tartu, Estonia.
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Lin Z, Yang S, Zhou Y, Hou Z, Li L, Meng M, Ge C, Zeng B, Lai J, Gao H, Zhao Y, Xie Y, He S, Tang W, Li R, Tan J, Wang W. OLFM4 depletion sensitizes gallbladder cancer cells to cisplatin through the ARL6IP1/caspase-3 axis. Transl Oncol 2022; 16:101331. [PMID: 34974280 PMCID: PMC8728528 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OLFM4 is involved in development of gallbladder cancer. Depletion of OLFM4 sensitizes gallbladder cancer cells to cisplatin by regulating apoptosis. Low expression of OLFM4 in GBC patients indicates longer survival.
Background Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly lethal malignancy that carries an extremely poor prognosis due to its chemoresistant nature. Cisplatin (CDDP) is a first-line chemotherapeutic for GBC; however, patients experienced no benefit when treated with CDDP alone. The underlying mechanisms of CDDP resistance in GBC remain largely unknown. Methods Agilent mRNA microarray analysis was performed between paired GBC and paracarcinoma to explore differentially expressed genes that might underlie drug resistance. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was employed to identify key genes mediating CDDP resistance in GBC, and immunohistochemistry was performed to validate protein expression and test correlations with clinicopathological features. In vitro and in vivo functional assays were performed to investigate the proteins’ roles in CDDP resistance. Results Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) was differentially expressed between GBC and paracarcinoma and had the highest rank metric score in the GSEA. OLFM4 expression was increasingly upregulated from chronic cholecystitis to GBC in clinical tissue samples, and OLFM4 depletion decreased GBC cell proliferation and invasion. Interestingly, downregulation of OLFM4 reduced ARL6IP1 (antiapoptotic factor) expression and sensitized GBC cells to CDDP both in vitro and in vivo. The evidence indicated that CDDP could significantly increase Bax and Bad expression and activate caspase-3 cascade in OLFM4-depleted GBC cells through ARL6IP1. Clinically, lower OLFM4 expression was associated with good prognosis of GBC patients. Conclusions Our results suggest that OLFM4 is an essential gene that contributes to GBC chemoresistance and could serve as a prognostic biomarker for GBC. Importantly, OLFM4 could be a potential chemotherapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuying Lin
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University/Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translational Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China
| | - Songlin Yang
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University/Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translational Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital/The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Zongliu Hou
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University/Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translational Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China
| | - Lin Li
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University/Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translational Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China
| | - Mingyao Meng
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University/Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translational Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China
| | - Chunlei Ge
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital/The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Baozhen Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jinbao Lai
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University/Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translational Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University/Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translational Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China
| | - Yiyi Zhao
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University/Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translational Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China
| | - Yanhua Xie
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University/Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translational Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China
| | - Shan He
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University/Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translational Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University/Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translational Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China
| | - Ruhong Li
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University/Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translational Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China.
| | - Jing Tan
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University/Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translational Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China.
| | - Wenju Wang
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University/Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Yunnan Cell Biology and Clinical Translational Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, China.
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OLFM4-RET fusion is an oncogenic driver in small intestine adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 2022; 41:72-82. [PMID: 34675408 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Small intestine adenocarcinoma is a rare intestinal malignancy with distinct clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics. Recently, a fusion of the intestinal stem-cell marker olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) and the proto-oncogene RET has been identified in a small intestine adenocarcinoma patient. Here we investigated the biological effects of OLFM4-RET fusion and whether it can initiate tumorigenesis in small intestine. OLFM4 expression was found to be frequently lost or reduced in human small intestine adenocarcinoma, and its downregulation correlated with high tumor grade and advanced tumor stage. Expression of OLFM4-RET fusion-induced cellular transformation in HEK293 cells and blocked RET-induced inhibition of colony growth in HuTu 80 small intestine adenocarcinoma cells. Further, expression of OLFM4-RET activated the RAS-RAF-MAPK and STAT3 cell signaling pathways in both HEK293 cells and HuTu 80 cells. OLFM4-RET expression in HEK293 cells upregulated multiple families of genes related to carcinogenesis, cancer progression, and metastasis. Targeted expression of OLFM4-RET in the small intestine led to the development of hyperplasia, adenoma, or adenocarcinoma in transgenic mice. Our study suggests that OLFM4-RET is an oncogenic driver of small intestine tumorigenesis. Therefore, the small intestine adenocarcinoma patients with OLFM4-RET fusion may benefit from treatment with RET kinase inhibitor.
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Olfm4 Is Highly Expressed in HCC Patients and as a Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for HCC. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 2021:5601678. [PMID: 34912753 PMCID: PMC8668352 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5601678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the primary types of cancer that claims many lives worldwide, and its incidence continues to increase. Conventional therapies against liver cancer are inadequate, and the pathogenesis of HCC remains unclear. Thus, not only are more effective therapies to treat HCC required but also identification of the key genes involved in its pathogenesis is important for developing such therapies. This study found that olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) level is higher in HCC patients than in healthy individuals. Furthermore, HCC patients also have higher messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression level in HCC tissues than in liver paracancerous tissues. OLFM4 has high predictive capacity as a biomarker for HCC and closely correlates to tumor size. It is confirmed that OLFM4 contributes to cancer cell proliferation, and HIF1α is involved in this process. Thus, the OLFM4/HIF-1α axis might be a target signaling pathway for developing novel drugs to treat HCC.
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Toedebusch RG, Lucchesi CA, Debebe ET, Wittenburg LA, Chen X, Toedebusch CM. Microglia-Derived Olfactomedin-like 3 Promotes Pro-Tumorigenic Microglial Function and Malignant Features of Glioma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13052. [PMID: 34884869 PMCID: PMC8657851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Under the influence of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ), glioma-associated microglia produce molecules that promote glioma growth and invasion. Olfactomedin-like 3 (Olfml3), a novel, secreted glycoprotein, is known to promote several non-CNS cancers. While it is a direct TGFβ1 target gene in microglia, the role of microglia-derived OLFML3 in glioma progression is unknown. Here, we tested the hypotheses that microglial Olfml3 is integral to the pro-tumorigenic glioma-associated microglia phenotype and promotes glioma cell malignancy. Using an Olfml3 knockout microglial cell line (N9), we demonstrated that Olfml3 is a direct target gene of all TGFβ isoforms in murine microglia. Moreover, loss of Olfml3 attenuated TGFβ-induced restraint on microglial immune function and production of cytokines that are critical in promoting glioma cell malignancy. Importantly, microglia-derived OLFML3 directly contributes to glioma cell malignancy through increased migration and invasion. While exposure to conditioned medium (CM) from isogenic control microglia pre-treated with TGFβ increased mouse glioma cell (GL261) migration and invasion, this effect was abolished with exposure to CM from TGFβ-treated Olfml3-/- microglia. Taken together, our data suggest that Olfml3 may serve as a gatekeeper for TGFβ-induced microglial gene expression, thereby promoting the pro-tumorigenic microglia phenotype and glioma cell malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Christine M. Toedebusch
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.G.T.); (C.A.L.); (E.T.D.); (L.A.W.); (X.C.)
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Rast JP, D'Alessio S, Kraev I, Lange S. Post-translational protein deimination signatures in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) plasma and plasma-extracellular vesicles. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 125:104225. [PMID: 34358577 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lampreys are a jawless vertebrate species belonging to an ancient vertebrate lineage that diverged from a common ancestor with humans ~500 million years ago. The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) has a filter feeding ammocoete larval stage that metamorphoses into a parasitic adult, feeding both on teleost and elasmobranch fish. Lampreys are a valuable comparative model species for vertebrate immunity and physiology due to their unique phylogenetic position, unusual adaptive immune system, and physiological adaptions such as tolerance to salinity changes and urea. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are a phylogenetically conserved enzyme family which catalyses post-translational deimination/citrullination in target proteins, enabling proteins to gain new functions (moonlighting). The identification of deiminated protein targets in species across phylogeny may provide novel insights into post-translational regulation of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles released from cells that carry cargos of small molecules and proteins for cellular communication, involved in both normal and pathological processes. The current study identified deimination signatures in proteins of both total plasma and plasma-EVs in sea lamprey and furthermore reports the first characterisation of plasma-EVs in lamprey. EVs were poly-dispersed in the size range of 40-500 nm, similar to what is observed in other taxa, positive for CD63 and Flotillin-1. Plasma-EV morphology was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Assessment of deimination/citrullination signatures in lamprey plasma and plasma-EVs, revealed 72 deimination target proteins involved in immunity, metabolism and gene regulation in whole plasma, and 37 target proteins in EVs, whereof 24 were shared targets. Furthermore, the presence of deiminated histone H3, indicative of gene-regulatory mechanisms and also a marker of neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis), was confirmed in lamprey plasma. Functional protein network analysis revealed some differences in KEGG and GO pathways of deiminated proteins in whole plasma compared with plasma-EVs. For example, while common STRING network clusters in plasma and plasma-EVs included Peptide chain elongation, Viral mRNA translation, Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, STRING network clusters specific for EVs only included: Cellular response to heat stress, Muscle protein and striated muscle thin filament, Nucleosome, Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, Nucleosome and histone deacetylase complex. STRING network clusters specific for plasma were: Adipokinetic hormone receptor activity, Fibrinogen alpha/beta chain family, peptidase S1A, Glutathione synthesis and recycling-arginine, Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process, Carbon metabolism and lactate dehydrogenase activity, Post-translational protein phosphorylation, Regulation of insulin-like growth factor transport and clotting cascade. Overall, for the EV citrullinome, five STRING network clusters, 10 KEGG pathways, 15 molecular GO pathways and 29 Reactome pathways were identified, compared with nine STRING network clusters, six KEGG pathways, two Molecular GO pathways and one Reactome pathway specific for whole plasma; while further pathways were shared. The reported findings indicate that major pathways relevant for immunity and metabolism are targets of deimination in lamprey plasma and plasma-EVs, with some differences, and may help elucidating roles for the conserved PAD enzyme family in regulation of immune and metabolic function throughout phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Rast
- Emory University School of Medicine, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Stefania D'Alessio
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Increases Colonic IL-25 and Dampens Tissue Inflammation in Patients with Recurrent Clostridioides difficile. mSphere 2021; 6:e0066921. [PMID: 34704776 PMCID: PMC8550158 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00669-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the most common hospital-acquired infection in the United States. Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis is the primary cause of susceptibility, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as an effective therapy for recurrence. We previously demonstrated in the mouse model of CDI that antibiotic-induced dysbiosis reduced colonic expression of interleukin 25 (IL-25) and that FMT protected in part by restoring IL-25 signaling. Here, we conducted a prospective study in humans to test if FMT induced IL-25 expression in the colons of patients with recurrent CDI (rCDI). Colonic biopsy specimens and blood were collected at the time of FMT and 60 days later. Colon biopsy specimens were analyzed for IL-25 protein levels, total tissue transcriptome, and epithelium-associated microbiota before and after FMT, and peripheral immune cells were immunophenotyped. FMT increased alpha diversity of the colonic microbiota and levels of IL-25 in colonic tissue. In addition, FMT increased expression of homeostatic genes and repressed inflammatory genes. Finally, circulating Th17 cells were decreased post-FMT. The increase in levels of the cytokine IL-25 accompanied by decreased inflammation is consistent with FMT acting in part to protect from recurrent CDI via restoration of commensal activation of type 2 immunity. IMPORTANCE Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective treatment for C. difficile infection for most patients; however, introducing a complex mixture of microbes also has had unintended consequences for some patients. Attempts to create a standardized probiotic therapeutic that recapitulates the efficacy of FMT have been unsuccessful to date. We sought to understand what immune markers are changed in patients undergoing FMT to treat recurrent C. difficile infection and identified an immune signaling molecule, IL-25, that was restored by FMT. This finding indicates that adjunctive therapy with IL-25 could be useful in treating C. difficile infection.
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Kendall KM, Van Assche E, Andlauer TFM, Choi KW, Luykx JJ, Schulte EC, Lu Y. The genetic basis of major depression. Psychol Med 2021; 51:2217-2230. [PMID: 33682643 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common, debilitating, phenotypically heterogeneous disorder with heritability ranges from 30% to 50%. Compared to other psychiatric disorders, its high prevalence, moderate heritability, and strong polygenicity have posed major challenges for gene-mapping in MDD. Studies of common genetic variation in MDD, driven by large international collaborations such as the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, have confirmed the highly polygenic nature of the disorder and implicated over 100 genetic risk loci to date. Rare copy number variants associated with MDD risk were also recently identified. The goal of this review is to present a broad picture of our current understanding of the epidemiology, genetic epidemiology, molecular genetics, and gene-environment interplay in MDD. Insights into the impact of genetic factors on the aetiology of this complex disorder hold great promise for improving clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Kendall
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - E Van Assche
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - T F M Andlauer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - K W Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA02114, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA02114, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - J J Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Outpatient Second Opinion Clinic, GGNet Mental Health, Warnsveld, The Netherlands
| | - E C Schulte
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Y Lu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Regulation of olfactomedin 4 by Porphyromonas gingivalis in a community context. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:2627-2642. [PMID: 33731837 PMCID: PMC8397782 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-00956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
At mucosal barriers, the virulence of microbial communities reflects the outcome of both dysbiotic and eubiotic interactions with the host, with commensal species mitigating or potentiating the action of pathogens. We examined epithelial responses to the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis as a monoinfection and in association with a community partner, Streptococcus gordonii. RNA-Seq of oral epithelial cells showed that the Notch signaling pathway, including the downstream effector olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4), was differentially regulated by P. gingivalis alone; however, regulation was overridden by S. gordonii. OLFM4 was required for epithelial cell migratory, proliferative and inflammatory responses to P. gingivalis. Activation of Notch signaling was induced through increased expression of the Notch1 receptor and the Jagged1 (Jag1) agonist. In addition, Jag1 was released in response to P. gingivalis, leading to paracrine activation. Following Jag1-Notch1 engagement, the Notch1 extracellular domain was cleaved by P. gingivalis gingipain proteases. Antagonism by S. gordonii involved inhibition of gingipain activity by secreted hydrogen peroxide. The results establish a novel mechanism by which P. gingivalis modulates epithelial cell function which is dependent on community context. These interrelationships have relevance for innate inflammatory responses and epithelial cell fate decisions in oral health and disease.
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Yan L, Chen H, Tang L, Jiang P, Yan F. Super-enhancer-associated long noncoding RNA AC005592.2 promotes tumor progression by regulating OLFM4 in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:187. [PMID: 33622275 PMCID: PMC7903608 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Super-enhancer-associated long noncoding RNAs (SE-lncRNAs) have been reported to play essential roles in tumorigenesis, but the fundamental mechanism of SE-lncRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains largely unknown. Methods A microarray was performed to identify the differentially expressed SE-lncRNAs between CRC tissues and peritumoral tissues. A novel SE-lncRNA, AC005592.2, was selected from these differentially expressed SE-lncRNAs to explore its effects on CRC development. Fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to assay the expression of AC005592.2 in CRC tissues and cell lines. Functional assays were applied to identify the biological effects of AC005592.2 in CRC cells. Furthermore, RNA-seq was employed to predict potential targets of AC005592.2. Results AC005592.2 was significantly increased in CRC tissues and cells. High expression of AC005592.2 was significantly associated with TNM stage and tumor differentiation in CRC patients. Knockdown of AC005592.2 suppressed CRC cell proliferation, invasion and migration but promoted apoptosis, while AC005592.2 overexpression exerted the opposite effects on CRC cells. In addition, AC005592.2 positively regulated the expression of olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4), which was also upregulated in CRC tissues. Conclusion The findings suggested that AC005592.2 is a crucial promoter of CRC progression and may serve as an attractive therapeutic target for CRC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-07900-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linping Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Baiziting No. 42, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Huanhuan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Baiziting No. 42, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Baiziting No. 42, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Pan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Baiziting No. 42, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Baiziting No. 42, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Wang Q, Huang J, Chen X, Wang J, Fang F. Transcriptomic markers in pediatric septic shock prognosis: an integrative analysis of gene expression profiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e10152. [PMID: 33503200 PMCID: PMC7836399 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x202010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to identify potential transcriptomic markers in
pediatric septic shock prognosis by an integrative analysis of multiple public
microarray datasets. Using the R software and bioconductor packages, we
performed a statistical analysis to identify differentially expressed (DE) genes
in pediatric septic shock non-survivors, and further performed functional
interpretation (enrichment analysis and co-expression network construction) and
classification quality evaluation of the DE genes identified. Four microarray
datasets (3 training datasets and 1 testing dataset, 252 pediatric patients with
septic shock in total) were collected for the integrative analysis. A total of
32 DE genes (18 upregulated genes; 14 downregulated genes) were identified in
pediatric septic shock non-survivors. Enrichment analysis revealed that those DE
genes were strongly associated with acute inflammatory response to antigenic
stimulus, response to yeast, and defense response to bacterium. A support vector
machine classifier (non-survivors vs survivors) was also
trained based on DE genes. In conclusion, the DE genes identified in this study
are suggested as candidate transcriptomic markers for pediatric septic shock
prognosis and provide novel insights into the progression of pediatric septic
shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Anesthesiology Department, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Anesthesiology Department, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Fenton CG, Taman H, Florholmen J, Sørbye SW, Paulssen RH. Transcriptional Signatures That Define Ulcerative Colitis in Remission. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:94-105. [PMID: 32322884 PMCID: PMC7737162 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study addresses whether existing specific transcriptional profiles can improve and support the current status of the definition of ulcerative colitis (UC) remission apart from the existing endoscopic, histologic, and laboratory scoring systems. For that purpose, a well-stratified UC patient population in remission was compared to active UC and control patients and was investigated by applying the next-generation technology RNA-Seq. METHODS Mucosal biopsies from patients in remission (n = 14), patients with active UC (n = 14), and healthy control patientss (n = 16) underwent whole-transcriptome RNA-Seq. Principal component analysis, cell deconvolution methods, gene profile enrichment, and pathway enrichment methods were applied to define a specific transcriptional signature of UC in remission. RESULTS Analyses revealed specific transcriptional signatures for UC in remission with increased expression of genes involved in O-glycosylation (MUC17, MUC3A, MUC5AC, MUC12, SPON1, B3GNT3), ephrin-mediated repulsion of cells (EFNB2E, EFNA3, EPHA10, EPHA1), GAP junction trafficking (TUBA1C, TUBA4A, TUBB4B, GJB3, CLTB), and decreased expression of several toll-like receptors (TLR1, TLR3, TLR5, TLR6). CONCLUSIONS This study reveals specific transcriptional signatures for remission. Partial restoration and improvement of homeostasis in the epithelial mucus layer and revival of immunological functions were observed. A clear role for bacterial gut flora composition can be implied. The results can be useful for the development of treatment strategies for UC in remission and may be useful targets for further investigations aiming to predict the outcome of UC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Fenton
- Department of Clinical Medicine,Genomics Support Centre Tromsø, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hagar Taman
- Department of Clinical Medicine,Genomics Support Centre Tromsø, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Research Group, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jon Florholmen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Research Group, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sveinung W Sørbye
- §Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ruth H Paulssen
- Department of Clinical Medicine,Genomics Support Centre Tromsø, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Research Group, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Li H, Chaitankar V, Zhu J, Chin K, Liu W, Pirooznia M, Rodgers GP. Olfactomedin 4 mediation of prostate stem/progenitor-like cell proliferation and differentiation via MYC. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21924. [PMID: 33318499 PMCID: PMC7736579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) is expressed in normal prostate epithelial cells and immortalized normal human prostate epithelial cells (RWPE1), but the identity of OLFM4-expressing cells within these populations and OLFM4's physiological functions in these cells have not been elucidated. Using single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, we found here that OLFM4 was expressed in multiple stem/progenitor-like cell populations in both the normal prostate epithelium and RWPE1 cells and was frequently co-expressed with KRT13 and LY6D in RWPE1 cells. Functionally, OLFM4-knockout RWPE1 cells exhibited enhanced proliferation of the stem/progenitor-like cell population, shifts stem/progenitor-like cell division to favor symmetric division and differentiated into higher levels PSA expression cells in organoid assays compared with OLFM4-wild RWPE1 cells. Bulk-cell RNA sequencing analysis pinpointed that cMYC expression were enhanced in the OLFM4-knockout RWPE1 cells compared with OLFM4-wild cells. Molecular and signaling pathway studies revealed an increase in the WNT/APC/MYC signaling pathway gene signature, as well as that of MYC target genes that regulate multiple biological processes, in OLFM4-knockout RWPE1 cells. These findings indicated that OLFM4 is co-expressed with multiple stem/progenitor cell marker genes in prostate epithelial cells and acts as a novel mediator in prostate stem/progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Li
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Room 9N119, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vijender Chaitankar
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jianqiong Zhu
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Room 9N119, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kyung Chin
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Room 9N119, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wenli Liu
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Room 9N119, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Griffin P Rodgers
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Room 9N119, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Prognostic Significance and Functional Relevance of Olfactomedin 4 in Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2020; 11:e00124. [PMID: 31990698 PMCID: PMC7056049 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cancer-related cause of death. Unfortunately, recurrence is common even after curative treatment of early-stage patients, and no adjuvant treatment has yet been established. Aberrant expression of OLFM4 in human cancers has been reported; yet, its specific function during tumor development remains poorly understood, and its role in HCC is unknown. The purpose of this study is to examine the prognostic significance of OLFM4 and its functional relevance in determining recurrence in patients with early-stage HCC. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining to assess expression, cellular distribution, and prognostic significance of OLFM4 was performed in a tissue microarray comprising 157 HCC tissues and matched nontumor tissues. In addition, expression of OLFM4-coding mRNA was assessed in a separate patients' cohort. The findings were validated by in vitro functional studies using siRNA directed against OLFM4 to assess its effect on cell motility and proliferation. RESULTS The fraction of HCC samples exhibiting positive OLFM4 staining was higher in comparison with that observed in hepatocytes from matched nontumor tissue (61% vs 39%). However, cytoplasmic-only staining for OLFM4 was associated with vascular invasion (P = 0.048), MMP-7 expression (P = 0.002), and poorer survival (P = 0.008). A multivariate analysis confirmed the independent significance of OLFM4 in determining patients' outcome (5-year survival [58.3% vs 17.3%; HR: 2.135 {95% confidence interval: 1.135-4.015}; P = 0.019]). Correspondingly, inhibition of OLFM4 by siRNA modulated the expression of MMP-7 and E-cadherin, causing inhibition of cell proliferation, motility, and migration. DISCUSSION To the best of our knowledge, we provide the first report on the prognostic significance of OLFM4 in HCC and identify its mechanistic role as crucial mediator of MMP family protein and E-Cadherin in determining cell invasion and metastasis formation.
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Ge C, Zhu X, Niu X, Zhang B, Chen L. A transcriptome profile in gallbladder cancer based on annotation analysis of microarray studies. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:25. [PMID: 33179115 PMCID: PMC7673323 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to identify aberrantly expressed genes for gallbladder cancer based on the annotation analysis of microarray studies and to explore their potential functions. Differential gene expression was investigated in cholesterol polyps, gallbladder adenoma and gallbladder cancer using microarrays. Subsequently, microarray results were comprehensively analyzed. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to determine the affected biological processes or pathways. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of cholesterol polyps, gallbladder adenoma and gallbladder cancer were identified. Following comprehensive analysis, 14 genes were found to be differentially expressed in the gallbladder wall of both gallbladder cancer and gallbladder adenoma. The 20 most significantly upregulated genes were only upregulated in the gallbladder wall of gallbladder cancer, but not in the gallbladder wall of cholesterol polyps and gallbladder adenoma. In addition, 182 DEGs were upregulated in the gallbladder wall of gallbladder adenoma compared with the gallbladder wall of cholesterol polyps. A total of 20 most significant DEGs were found in both the tumor and gallbladder wall of gallbladder cancer. In addition, the most significant DEGs that were identified were only upregulated in the tumor of gallbladder cancer. GO and KEGG analysis indicated that the aforementioned DEGs could participate in numerous biological processes or pathways associated with the development of gallbladder cancer. The present findings will help improve the current understanding of tumorigenesis and the development of gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Ge
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xing Niu
- Department of Second Clinical College, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Bingye Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Department of Second Clinical College, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Adams MJ, Howard DM, Luciano M, Clarke TK, Davies G, Hill WD, Smith D, Deary IJ, Porteous DJ, McIntosh AM. Genetic stratification of depression by neuroticism: revisiting a diagnostic tradition. Psychol Med 2020; 50:2526-2535. [PMID: 31576797 PMCID: PMC7737042 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719002629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder and neuroticism (Neu) share a large genetic basis. We sought to determine whether this shared basis could be decomposed to identify genetic factors that are specific to depression. METHODS We analysed summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of depression (from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, 23andMe and UK Biobank) and compared them with GWAS of Neu (from UK Biobank). First, we used a pairwise GWAS analysis to classify variants as associated with only depression, with only Neu or with both. Second, we estimated partial genetic correlations to test whether the depression's genetic link with other phenotypes was explained by shared overlap with Neu. RESULTS We found evidence that most genomic regions (25/37) associated with depression are likely to be shared with Neu. The overlapping common genetic variance of depression and Neu was genetically correlated primarily with psychiatric disorders. We found that the genetic contributions to depression, that were not shared with Neu, were positively correlated with metabolic phenotypes and cardiovascular disease, and negatively correlated with the personality trait conscientiousness. After removing shared genetic overlap with Neu, depression still had a specific association with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, coronary artery disease and age of first birth. Independent of depression, Neu had specific genetic correlates in ulcerative colitis, pubertal growth, anorexia and education. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that, while genetic risk factors for depression are largely shared with Neu, there are also non-Neu-related features of depression that may be useful for further patient or phenotypic stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David M. Howard
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Toni-Kim Clarke
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - W. David Hill
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Daniel Smith
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J. Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Bakke FK, Monte MM, Stead DA, Causey DR, Douglas A, Macqueen DJ, Dooley H. Plasma Proteome Responses in Salmonid Fish Following Immunization. Front Immunol 2020; 11:581070. [PMID: 33133099 PMCID: PMC7579410 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.581070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination plays a critical role in the protection of humans and other animals from infectious diseases. However, the same vaccine often confers different protection levels among individuals due to variation in genetics and/or immunological histories. While this represents a well-recognized issue in humans, it has received little attention in fish. Here we address this knowledge gap in a proteomic study of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum), using non-lethal repeated blood sampling to establish the plasma protein response of individual fish following immunization. Six trout were immunized with adjuvanted hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL) and peripheral blood sampled at ten time points from day 0 to day 84 post-injection. We confirm that an antigen-specific antibody response to HEL was raised, showing differences in timing and magnitude among individuals. Using label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we quantified the abundance of 278 plasma proteins across the timecourse. As part of the analysis, we show that this approach can distinguish many (but not all) duplicated plasma proteins encoded by paralogous genes retained from the salmonid-specific whole genome duplication event. Global variation in the plasma proteome was predominantly explained by individual differences among fish. However, sampling day explained a major component of variation in abundance for a statistically defined subset of 41 proteins, representing 15% of those detected. These proteins clustered into five groups showing distinct temporal responses to HEL immunization at the population level, and include classical immune (e.g. complement system members) and acute phase molecules (e.g. apolipoproteins, haptoglobins), several enzymes and other proteins supporting the immune response, in addition to evolutionarily conserved molecules that are as yet uncharacterized. Overall, this study improves our understanding of the fish plasma proteome, provides valuable marker proteins for different phases of the immune response, and has implications for vaccine development and the design of immune challenge experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona K Bakke
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Milena M Monte
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - David A Stead
- Aberdeen Proteomics, The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Dwight R Causey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Douglas
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Macqueen
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Dooley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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