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Vale N, Pereira M, Mendes RA. Systemic Inflammatory Disorders, Immunosuppressive Treatment and Increase Risk of Head and Neck Cancers-A Narrative Review of Potential Physiopathological and Biological Mechanisms. Cells 2023; 12:2192. [PMID: 37681925 PMCID: PMC10487135 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are known to present multiple factors likely to influence their development. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current scientific literature on the interplay between systemic inflammatory disorders, immunosuppressive treatments and their synergistic effect on HNC risk. Both cell-mediated and humoral-mediated systemic inflammatory disorders involve dysregulated immune responses and chronic inflammation and these inflammatory conditions have been associated with an increased risk of HNC development, primarily in the head and neck region. Likewise, the interaction between systemic inflammatory disorders and immunosuppressive treatments appears to amplify the risk of HNC development, as chronic inflammation fosters a tumor-promoting microenvironment, while immunosuppressive therapies further compromise immune surveillance and anti-tumor immune responses. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this interaction is crucial for developing targeted prevention strategies and therapeutic interventions. Additionally, the emerging field of immunotherapy provides potential avenues for managing HNCs associated with systemic inflammatory disorders, but further research is needed to determine its efficacy and safety in this specific context. Future studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize preventive strategies and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Pereira
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Amaral Mendes
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106-7401, USA
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Chen C, Shin JH, Fang Z, Brennan K, Horowitz NB, Pfaff KL, Welsh EL, Rodig SJ, Gevaert O, Gozani O, Uppaluri R, Sunwoo JB. Targeting KDM2A Enhances T-cell Infiltration in NSD1-Deficient Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2023; 83:2645-2655. [PMID: 37311054 PMCID: PMC10526980 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a significant proportion of tumors have inactivating mutations in the histone methyltransferase NSD1. In these tumors, NSD1 inactivation is a driver of T-cell exclusion from the tumor microenvironment (TME). A better understanding of the NSD1-mediated mechanism regulating infiltration of T cells into the TME could help identify approaches to overcome immunosuppression. Here, we demonstrated that NSD1 inactivation results in lower levels of H3K36 dimethylation and higher levels of H3K27 trimethylation, the latter being a known repressive histone mark enriched on the promoters of key T-cell chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10. HNSCC with NSD1 mutations had lower levels of these chemokines and lacked responses to PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade. Inhibition of KDM2A, the primary lysine demethylase that is selective for H3K36, reversed the altered histone marks induced by NSD1 loss and restored T-cell infiltration into the TME. Importantly, KDM2A suppression decreased growth of NSD1-deficient tumors in immunocompetent, but not in immunodeficient, mice. Together, these data indicate that KDM2A is an immunotherapeutic target for overcoming immune exclusion in HNSCC. SIGNIFICANCE The altered epigenetic landscape of NSD1-deficient tumors confers sensitivity to inhibition of the histone-modifying enzyme KDM2A as an immunotherapeutic strategy to stimulate T-cell infiltration and suppress tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - June Ho Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Zhuoqing Fang
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Kevin Brennan
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics) and Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Nina B. Horowitz
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Kathleen L. Pfaff
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Emma L. Welsh
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Scott J. Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Olivier Gevaert
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics) and Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Or Gozani
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ravindra Uppaluri
- Division of Otolaryngology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - John B. Sunwoo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Yang L, Zhang W, Sun J, Yang G, Cai S, Sun F, Xing L, Sun X. The role of spatial interplay patterns between PD-L1-positive tumor cell and T cell in recurrence of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023:10.1007/s00262-023-03380-z. [PMID: 36738309 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the relationship between the spatial interaction of programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)-positive tumor cell and T cell with specific functions and the recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and optimize prognostic stratification. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study retrospectively included 104 patients with locally advanced NSCLC who underwent radical surgery. Tissue microarrays were constructed including tumor center (TC) and invasion margin (IM), and CK/CD4/CD8/PD-L1/programmed death-1 (PD-1) was labeled using multiplex immunofluorescence to decipher the counts and spatial distribution of tumor cells and T cells. The immune microenvironment and recurrence stratification were characterized using the Mann-Whitney U test and Cox proportional hazards model. RESULT Compared with the IM, the proportion of tumor cells (especially PD-L1+) was increased in the TC, while T cells (especially PD-1+) were decreased. An increase in TC PD-1+ CD8 T cells promoted relapse (HR = 2.183), while PD-L1+ tumor cells alone or in combination with T cells had no predictive value for relapse. In addition, in both TC and IM, CD8 were on average closer to PD-L1+ tumor cells than CD4, especially exhausted CD8. The effective density and percentage of PD-1+ CD4 T cells interacting with PD-L1+ tumor cells in the IM were both associated with recurrence, and the HRs increased sequentially (HRs were 2.809 and 4.063, respectively). Patients with low PD-1+CD4 count combined high PD-1+CD4 effective density showed significantly poorer RFS compared to those with high PD-1+CD4 count combined low PD-1+CD4 effective density, in both the TC and IM regions (HRs were 5.810 and 8.709, respectively). CONCLUSION Assessing the relative spatial proximity of PD-1/PD-L1 contributes to a deeper understanding of tumor immune escape and generates prognostic information in locally advanced NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jujie Sun
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Guanqun Yang
- Shandong University Cancer Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Siqi Cai
- Shandong University Cancer Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fenghao Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ligang Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong University Cancer Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaorong Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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da Silva A, Silva ASE, Petroianu A. Immuno-oncology in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma - a narrative review. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12703. [PMID: 36946842 PMCID: PMC10021498 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Immuno-oncology studies the immune system in cancer. In recent decades, immunotherapy has shown a good response to the treatment of various locally advanced and metastatic cancers. The main mechanisms of action include stimulation of the patient's own immune system to enhance immune responses acting in tumor escape pathways. This review examined the literature related to immune system mechanisms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and their application in immunotherapy using biomarkers. The PUBMED, LILACS, MEDLINE, WHOLIS, and SCIELO databases were searched using the terms squamous cell carcinoma, head and neck, immuno-oncology, immunotherapy, and immunology. The main drugs currently available for clinical use in patients diagnosed with HNSCC include pembrolizumab and nivolumab, both classified as check-point inhibitors. These immunobiological agents improve patient survival and quality of life. Many authors and clinical trials point out that the recommendation of these agents is linked to the dose of PD-L1 (ligand expressed primarily by tumor cells), which proved to be an unreliable biomarker in the patient selection. Recommendation of immunotherapy depends on reliable biomarkers that must be identified in order to achieve good therapeutic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.T. da Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - A.C. Simões e Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - A. Petroianu
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Venkatesiah SS, Augustine D, Mishra D, Gujjar N, Haragannavar VC, Awan KH, Patil S. Immunology of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-A Comprehensive Insight with Recent Concepts. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1807. [PMID: 36362963 PMCID: PMC9695443 DOI: 10.3390/life12111807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to understand the concept of oral cancer immunology through the notion of immune profiling, immunoediting and immunotherapy, and to gain knowledge regarding its application for the management of oral cancer patients. Oral cancer is an immunogenic tumor where the cells of the tumor microenvironment play an important role in tumorigenesis. Understanding the mechanism of these modulations can help design immunotherapeutic strategies in oral cancer patients. This article gives an overview of immunomodulation in the oral cancer tumor microenvironment, with concepts of immune profiling, immunoediting and immunotherapy. English literature searches via Google Scholar, Web of Science, EBSCO, Scopus, and PubMed database were performed with the key words immunology, tumor microenvironment, cells, cross talk, immune profiling, biomarkers, inflammation, gene expression, techniques, immunoediting, immunosurveillance, tumor escape, immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines in cancer, oral cancer, and head and neck cancer. Original research articles, reviews, and case reports published from 2016-2021 (n = 81) were included to appraise different topics, and were discussed under the following subsections. Literature published on oral cancer immunology reveals that oral cancer immune profiling with appropriate markers and techniques and knowledge on immunoediting concepts can help design and play an effective role in immunotherapeutic management of oral cancer patients. An evaluation of oral cancer immunology helps to determine its role in tumorigenesis, and immunotherapy could be the emerging drift in the effective management of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Samudrala Venkatesiah
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, MSR Nagar, Bengaluru 560054, India
| | - Dominic Augustine
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, MSR Nagar, Bengaluru 560054, India
| | - Deepika Mishra
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi 110608, India
| | - Neethi Gujjar
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, MSR Nagar, Bengaluru 560054, India
| | - Vanishri C. Haragannavar
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, MSR Nagar, Bengaluru 560054, India
| | - Kamran Habib Awan
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences University, Chennai 600077, India
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Le Naour J, Sztupinszki Z, Carbonnier V, Casiraghi O, Marty V, Galluzzi L, Szallasi Z, Kroemer G, Vacchelli E. A loss-of-function polymorphism in ATG16L1 compromises therapeutic outcome in head and neck carcinoma patients. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2059878. [PMID: 35481288 PMCID: PMC9037530 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2059878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer immune response is shaped by immunogenic cell stress and death pathways. Thus, cancer cells can release danger-associated molecular patterns that act on pattern recognition receptors expressed by dendritic cells and their precursors to elicit an antitumor immune response. Here, we investigated the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes affecting this cancer-immunity dialogue in the context of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We observed that homozygosity for a loss-of-function SNP (rs2241880, leading to the substitution of a threonine residue in position 300 by an alanine) affecting autophagy related 16 like 1 (ATG16L1) is coupled to poor progression-free survival in platinum-treated HNSCC patients. This result was obtained on a cohort of patients enrolled at the Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus and was validated on an independent cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Homozygosity in rs2241880 is well known to predispose to Crohn’s disease, and epidemiological associations between Crohn’s disease and HNSCC have been reported at the levels of cancer incidence and prognosis. We speculate that rs2241880 might be partially responsible for this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Le Naour
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud, Paris Saclay, Faculty of Medicine Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Zsofia Sztupinszki
- Computational Health Informatics Program (CHIP), Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vincent Carbonnier
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud, Paris Saclay, Faculty of Medicine Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Odile Casiraghi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical and Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Virginie Marty
- Experimental and Translational Pathology Platform (PETRA), AMMICa Inserm US23/UMS CNRS3655, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zoltan Szallasi
- Computational Health Informatics Program (CHIP), Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEMAP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Pôle de Biologie, Paris, France
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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Galanin mediates tumor-induced immunosuppression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:241-256. [PMID: 35267186 PMCID: PMC9050779 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Galanin receptor 2 (GALR2) plays a significant role in the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Since there is virtually no information on immunomodulation mediated by its ligand in the tumor microenvironment, we assessed the effects of galanin on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Methods After verification of GALR2 expression and it activity in PBMCs we evaluated the effect of galanin and conditioned media from HNSCC cell lines silenced for galanin or antibody-depleted, on proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine expression and activation/differentiation of immune cells. Results We found that galanin alone and as a component of the HNSCC secretome decreased HNSCC cell proliferation and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, IL-12, IL-17A, IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α), whilst increasing apoptosis and expression of pro-tumoral cytokines/growth factors (IL-10, IL-4, PDGF and GM-CSF). T cell activation (using CD69 as activation marker) and anti-tumoral phenotypes in CD4+ T cells (Th1 and Th17) were found to be suppressed. In vivo, tumor growth was found to be increased in the presence of galanin-stimulated PBMCs. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed that high expression of galanin was associated with a reduced overall survival of patients with HNSCC. Conclusion Our data indicate that galanin secreted by HNSCC cells exhibits immune-suppressive and pro-tumoral effects. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13402-021-00631-y.
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Singh R, Manna PP. Reactive oxygen species in cancer progression and its role in therapeutics. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2022.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The redox status in pathogenesis is critically regulated by careful balance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their elimination. Increased ROS level above the cellular tolerability threshold results in apoptotic or necrotic cell death. ROS belongs to a group of highly reactive compounds that have evolved to play key roles in cellular signaling pathways. It’s widely assumed that a reasonable amount of ROS is essential for a variety of biological processes. Elevated levels of ROS are known to cause various pathologic conditions like neurological disorders, cardiovascular conditions, inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. ROS is well known to initiate and assist in progression of tumor by promoting proliferation and survival of cancer cells and thus facilitates pro-tumorigenic signaling in tumor microenvironment. As cancer cells become more resilient to the effects of ROS manipulating drugs, increased antioxidant capacity attenuates their susceptibility to cancer treatment. Excessive environmental stress, on the other hand, can cause cancer cells to die. This review summarizes various molecular mechanisms including the role of checkpoint inhibitors that can be harnessed to develop effective therapeutic strategies for targeting ROS
related signaling in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Singh
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Partha Pratim Manna
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Vargas-Zúñiga GI, Kim HS, Li M, Sessler JL, Kim JS. Pyrrole-based photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy — a Thomas Dougherty award paper. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621300044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic modality that uses light to treat malignant or benign diseases. A photosensitizer, light, and oxygen are the three main components needed to generate a cytotoxic effect. Pyrrole-based photosensitizers have been widely used for PDT. Many of the photosensitizers within this class are macrocyclic. This is particularly true for systems that have received regulatory approval or been the subject of clinical trials. However, in recent years, a number of boron dipyrromethanes (BODIPY) have been studied as photosensitizers. Herein, we review examples of some of the most relevant pyrrole-based photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela I. Vargas-Zúñiga
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street-A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA
| | - Hyeong Seok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Mingle Li
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street-A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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10
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van Harten AM, Brakenhoff RH. Targeted Treatment of Head and Neck (Pre)Cancer: Preclinical Target Identification and Development of Novel Therapeutic Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2774. [PMID: 34204886 PMCID: PMC8199752 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) develop in the mucosal lining of the upper-aerodigestive tract. In carcinogen-induced HNSCC, tumors emerge from premalignant mucosal changes characterized by tumor-associated genetic alterations, also coined as 'fields' that are occasionally visible as leukoplakia or erythroplakia lesions but are mostly invisible. Consequently, HNSCC is generally diagnosed de novo at more advanced stages in about 70% of new diagnosis. Despite intense multimodality treatment protocols, the overall 5-years survival rate is 50-60% for patients with advanced stage of disease and seems to have reached a plateau. Of notable concern is the lack of further improvement in prognosis despite advances in treatment. This can be attributed to the late clinical presentation, failure of advanced HNSCC to respond to treatment, the deficit of effective targeted therapies to eradicate tumors and precancerous changes, and the lack of suitable markers for screening and personalized therapy. The molecular landscape of head and neck cancer has been elucidated in great detail, but the absence of oncogenic mutations hampers the identification of druggable targets for therapy to improve outcome of HNSCC. Currently, functional genomic approaches are being explored to identify potential therapeutic targets. Identification and validation of essential genes for both HNSCC and oral premalignancies, accompanied with biomarkers for therapy response, are being investigated. Attentive diagnosis and targeted therapy of the preceding oral premalignant (preHNSCC) changes may prevent the development of tumors. As classic oncogene addiction through activating mutations is not a realistic concept for treatment of HNSCC, synthetic lethality and collateral lethality need to be exploited, next to immune therapies. In recent studies it was shown that cell cycle regulation and DNA damage response pathways become significantly altered in HNSCC causing replication stress, which is an avenue that deserves further exploitation as an HNSCC vulnerability for treatment. The focus of this review is to summarize the current literature on the preclinical identification of potential druggable targets for therapy of (pre)HNSCC, emerging from the variety of gene knockdown and knockout strategies, and the testing of targeted inhibitors. We will conclude with a future perspective on targeted therapy of HNSCC and premalignant changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. van Harten
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tumor Biology & Immunology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; or
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ruud H. Brakenhoff
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tumor Biology & Immunology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; or
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Yuan X, Yi M, Zhang W, Xu L, Chu Q, Luo S, Wu K. The biology of combination immunotherapy in recurrent metastatic head and neck cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 136:106002. [PMID: 33962022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical data suggest that head and neck cancer is an intrinsically immunosuppressive disease with abnormal inflammatory components in the tumor microenvironment. The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors, which are monoclonal antibodies capable of inhibiting immune suppressive signals to prime anticancer immunity, has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape in recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer. However, patients with head and neck cancer present primary resistance to immunotherapy. Many ongoing trials include combinations of immunotherapy with different therapeutic interventions, aiming to improve response rates and overall survival. As novel therapy strategies are leveraged, the significance of immunotherapy in recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer continues to be revealed. This review aims to summarize combinational immunotherapy in head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Linping Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Suxia Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
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Specenier P. Immunotherapy for head and neck cancer: from recurrent/metastatic disease to (neo)adjuvant treatment in surgically resectable tumors. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 29:168-177. [PMID: 33605624 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0000000000000700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We aim to summarize the current evidence on the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the (neo)adjuvant treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC), with a particular focus on surgically treated patients. RECENT FINDINGS Pembrolizumab +/- chemotherapy improves the outcome in patients with previously untreated recurrent/metastatic HNSCC. Nivolumab is superior to chemotherapy after platinum failure. The addition of avelumab to chemoradiation failed to improve the outcome in patients with locally advanced HNSCC. Neoadjuvant presurgical programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1) blockade is safe and associated with encouraging overall response rate. KEYNOTE-689 randomizes patients with resectable stage III/IVA HNSCC to surgery and adjuvant standard of care +/- neoadjuvant and adjuvant pembrolizumab. ADHERE assigns surgically treated HNSCC at high risk of recurrence to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and either durvalumab or placebo. MK-3475-689 evaluates the role of pembrolizumab in patients with resectable HNSCC. NIVOPOSTOP evaluates the addition of nivolumab to CRT in patients with surgically treated pStage III/IV HNSCC or pT3N1/pT4N1 oropharyngeal cancer with at least 20 packs/year at high risk of relapse. SUMMARY Multiple trials are currently evaluating the role of immunotherapy in HNSCC amenable to surgery. Neoadjuvant presurgical PD-1 blockade is feasible and safe and is associated with an encouraging overall response rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Specenier
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
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Kågedal Å, Margolin G, Held C, da Silva PFN, Piersiala K, Munck-Wikland E, Jacobsson H, Häyry V, Cardell LO. A Novel Sentinel Lymph Node Approach in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:3834-3839. [PMID: 32053068 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200213100750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occult metastases are common in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) which is why elective neck dissection, adjuvant radiotherapy or watchful waiting have been treatment options after surgical removal of the primary tumour. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has lately emerged as a novel possibility in treatment planning. OBJECTIVES To establish a reliable and clinically useful protocol for SLNB in staging/elective neck dissection in oral cancer. METHODS Fourteen consecutive patients with T1-T2 N0 oral cancer were enrolled when scheduled for elective neck dissection. RESULTS This study outlines various techniques for improving SLNB in head and neck cancer. After evaluation, a combination of techniques was found to constitute a reliable, clinically adaptable work concept. The suggested procedure starts with the pre-surgical injection of radioactive technetium 99Tcm carried on tilmanocept (Lymphoseek ®) at the tumour site. The radioactivity in the lymph node is then visualized preoperatively with Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT/CT). Intraoperatively, indocyanine green (ICG) is injected and a sentinel node is visualized with near-infrared light. To support the sentinel node detection, the surgeon uses a hand-held gamma detection probe. This approach results in a reproducible and reliable detection of sentinel nodes. CONCLUSION This paper presents a novel protocol for the identification of the sentinel node in the head and neck region. The protocol additionally enables the use of flow cytometry analysis of resected lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Kågedal
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gregori Margolin
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cornelia Held
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pedro F N da Silva
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Krzysztof Piersiala
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Munck-Wikland
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Jacobsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valtteri Häyry
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars O Cardell
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Seliger B, Massa C, Yang B, Bethmann D, Kappler M, Eckert AW, Wickenhauser C. Immune Escape Mechanisms and Their Clinical Relevance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197032. [PMID: 32987799 PMCID: PMC7582858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been recently approved for the treatment of relapsed and metastatic human papilloma virus (HPV) positive and negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the response of patients is limited and the overall survival remains short with a low rate of long-term survivors. There exists growing evidence that complex and partially redundant immune escape mechanisms play an important role for the low efficacy of immunotherapies in this disease. These are caused by diverse complex processes characterized by (i) changes in the expression of immune modulatory molecules in tumor cells, (ii) alterations in the frequency, composition and clonal expansion of immune cell subpopulations in the tumor microenvironment and peripheral blood leading to reduced innate and adaptive immune responses, (iii) impaired homing of immune cells to the tumor site as well as (iv) the presence of immune suppressive soluble and physical factors in the tumor microenvironment. We here summarize the major immune escape strategies of HNSCC lesions, highlight pathways, and molecular targets that help to attenuate HNSCC-induced immune tolerance, affect the selection and success of immunotherapeutic approaches to overcome resistance to immunotherapy by targeting immune escape mechanisms and thus improve the HNSCC patients’ outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany; (C.M.); (B.Y.)
- Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Chiara Massa
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany; (C.M.); (B.Y.)
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany; (C.M.); (B.Y.)
| | - Daniel Bethmann
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany; (D.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Matthias Kappler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (M.K.); (A.W.E.)
| | - Alexander Walter Eckert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (M.K.); (A.W.E.)
- Klinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Universitätsklinik der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität; 90471 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany; (D.B.); (C.W.)
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15
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James NE, Woodman M, DiSilvestro PA, Ribeiro JR. The Perfect Combination: Enhancing Patient Response to PD-1-Based Therapies in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082150. [PMID: 32756436 PMCID: PMC7466102 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, with an overall 5-year survival of only 47%. As the development of novel targeted therapies is drastically necessary in order to improve patient survival, current EOC clinical trials have heavily focused on immunotherapeutic approaches, centered upon programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors. While PD-1 monotherapies have only exhibited modest responses for patients, it has been theorized that in order to enhance EOC patient response to immunotherapy, combinatorial regimens must be investigated. In this review, unique challenges to EOC PD-1 response will be discussed, along with a comprehensive description of both preclinical and clinical studies evaluating PD-1-based combinatorial therapies. Promising aspects of PD-1-based combinatorial approaches are highlighted, while also discussing specific preclinical and clinical areas of research that need to be addressed, in order to optimize EOC patient immunotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E. James
- Program in Women’s Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI 02905, USA; (N.E.J.); (M.W.); (P.A.D.)
| | - Morgan Woodman
- Program in Women’s Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI 02905, USA; (N.E.J.); (M.W.); (P.A.D.)
| | - Paul A. DiSilvestro
- Program in Women’s Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI 02905, USA; (N.E.J.); (M.W.); (P.A.D.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Ribeiro
- Program in Women’s Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI 02905, USA; (N.E.J.); (M.W.); (P.A.D.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Correspondence:
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Kraft S, Gadkaree SK, Deschler DG, Lin DT, Hoang MP, Emerick KS. Programmed cell death ligand-1 and cytotoxic T cell infiltrates in metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Head Neck 2020; 42:3226-3234. [PMID: 32738025 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) carries a poor prognosis. Increased numbers of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells are associated with a favorable prognosis and programmed cell death receptor-1 is a suppressor of the CD8+ cytotoxic T cell response. We aim to define their expression in metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS Cytotoxic T cell infiltrates and tumoral PD-L1 expression in lymph node metastases from patients with cSCC of the head and neck were analyzed. RESULTS High tumoral PD-L1 expression, intratumoral and peritumoral CD8+ cell density in metastases were significantly associated with poor primary tumor differentiation. Low PD-L1 expression, intratumoral and peritumoral CD8+ density were associated with lower grade primary tumor differentiation. Low PD-L1 expression correlated with disease progression. CONCLUSIONS Increased expression of PD-L1 correlates with increased CD8+ cell density. Increased expression of PD-L1 in poorly differentiated tumors may be more likely to benefit from anti PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kraft
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Dermatopathology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shekhar K Gadkaree
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel G Deschler
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Derrick T Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mai P Hoang
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin S Emerick
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kooshkaki O, Derakhshani A, Safarpour H, Najafi S, Vahedi P, Brunetti O, Torabi M, Lotfinejad P, Paradiso AV, Racanelli V, Silvestris N, Baradaran B. The Latest Findings of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor Application in Gynecologic Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5034. [PMID: 32708748 PMCID: PMC7404077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynecologic cancers account for approximately 11% of the newly diagnosed cancers in women in the United States and for 18% globally. The presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) influences the clinical outcome of cancer patients and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including anti programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1), anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1), and anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (anti-CTLA-4), which have been approved for treating different types of malignancies. Antibodies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint have shown dynamic and durable tumor regressions, suggesting a rebalancing of the host-tumor interaction. There are several the US food and drug administration (FDA)-approved ICIs targeting PD-1, including pembrolizumab and nivolumab, as well as those targeting PD-L1, including avelumab, atezolizumab, and durvalumab for melanoma, renal cell cancer, colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer, cervix cancer, urothelial cancer, and lung cancer. Current pre-clinical and clinical studies assessing PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in several gynecologic cancers have reported significant antitumor activity. In this review, we investigate pre-clinical and clinical studies that describe the safety and efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, with a particular focus on ongoing clinical trials, analyzing the oncological outcome and adverse effects of ICIs in gynecologic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Kooshkaki
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
- Department of Immunology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran
| | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; (A.D.); (S.N.); (P.L.)
| | - Hossein Safarpour
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
| | - Souzan Najafi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; (A.D.); (S.N.); (P.L.)
| | - Parviz Vahedi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh 5165665931, Iran;
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Mitra Torabi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran;
| | - Parisa Lotfinejad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; (A.D.); (S.N.); (P.L.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran
| | - Angelo Virgilio Paradiso
- Institutional BioBank, Experimental Oncology and Biobank Management Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; (A.D.); (S.N.); (P.L.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran
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18
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Goebeler ME, Bargou RC. T cell-engaging therapies - BiTEs and beyond. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2020; 17:418-434. [PMID: 32242094 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-0347-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immuno-oncology approaches have entered clinical practice, with tremendous progress particularly in the field of T cell-engaging therapies over the past decade. Herein, we provide an overview of the current status of bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) therapy, considering the unprecedented new indication for such therapy in combating minimal (or measurable) residual disease in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and the development of novel approaches based on this concept. Key aspects that we discuss include the current clinical data, challenges relating to treatment administration and patient monitoring, toxicities and resistance to treatment, and novel strategies to overcome these hurdles as well as to broaden the indications for BiTE therapy, particularly to common solid cancers. Elucidation of mechanisms of resistance and immune escape and new technologies used in drug development pave the way for new and more-effective therapies and rational combinatorial approaches. In particular, we highlight novel therapeutic agents, such as bifunctional checkpoint-inhibitory T cell engagers (CiTEs), simultaneous multiple interaction T cell engagers (SMITEs), trispecific killer engagers (TriKEs) and BiTE-expressing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells (CART.BiTE cells), designed to integrate various immune functions into one molecule or a single cellular vector and thereby enhance efficacy without compromising safety. We also discuss the targeting of intracellular tumour-associated epitopes using bispecific constructs with T cell receptor (TCR)-derived, rather than an antibody-based, antigen-recognition domains, termed immune-mobilizing monoclonal TCRs against cancer (ImmTACs), which might broaden the armamentarium of T cell-engaging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Elisabeth Goebeler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ralf C Bargou
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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Tsakiroglou AM, Fergie M, Oguejiofor K, Linton K, Thomson D, Stern PL, Astley S, Byers R, West CML. Spatial proximity between T and PD-L1 expressing cells as a prognostic biomarker for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2019; 122:539-544. [PMID: 31806878 PMCID: PMC7028988 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0634-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fulfilling the promise of cancer immunotherapy requires novel predictive biomarkers to characterise the host immune microenvironment. Deciphering the complexity of immune cell interactions requires an automated multiplex approach to histological analysis of tumour sections. We tested a new automatic approach to select tissue and quantify the frequencies of cell-cell spatial interactions occurring in the PD1/PD-L1 pathway, hypothesised to reflect immune escape in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Methods Single sections of diagnostic biopsies from 72 OPSCC patients were stained using multiplex immunofluorescence (CD8, PD1, PD-L1, CD68). Following multispectral scanning and automated regions-of-interest selection, the Hypothesised Interaction Distribution (HID) method quantified spatial proximity between cells. Method applicability was tested by investigating the prognostic significance of co-localised cells (within 30 μm) in patients stratified by HPV status. Results High frequencies of proximal CD8+ and PD-L1+ (HR 2.95, p = 0.025) and PD1+ and PD-L1+ (HR 2.64, p = 0.042) cells were prognostic for poor overall survival in patients with HPV negative OPSCC (n = 31). Conclusion The HID method can quantify spatial interactions considered to reflect immune escape and generate prognostic information in OPSCC. The new automated approach is ready to test in additional cohorts and its applicability should be explored in research and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Fergie
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PG, UK
| | - Ken Oguejiofor
- Dorset Cancer Centre, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, BH15 2JB, UK
| | - Kim Linton
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - David Thomson
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Peter L Stern
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Susan Astley
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, Manchester Breast Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, M13 9PG, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard Byers
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
| | - Catharine M L West
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK.
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20
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Downes MR, Slodkowska E, Katabi N, Jungbluth AA, Xu B. Inter- and intraobserver agreement of programmed death ligand 1 scoring in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma and breast carcinoma. Histopathology 2019; 76:191-200. [PMID: 31243779 DOI: 10.1111/his.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression by tumour cells (TC) is a mechanism for tumour immune escape through down-regulation of antitumour T cell responses and is a target for immunotherapy. PD-L1 status as a predictor of treatment response has led to the development of multiple biomarkers with different reference cut-offs. We assessed pathologist consistency in evaluating PD-L1 immunopositivity by examining the inter- and intraobserver agreement using various antibody clones and different cancer types. METHODS AND RESULTS PD-L1 expression in TC and immune cells (IC) was manually scored in 27 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC), 30 urothelial carcinoma (UC) and breast carcinoma (BC) using three commercial clones (SP263, SP142, 22C3) and one platform-independent test (E1L3N). For interobserver agreement, PD-L1 status was evaluated blindly by three pathologists. For intraobserver agreement, PD-L1 expression was re-evaluated following a wash-out period. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), overall percentage agreement (OPA) and κ-values were calculated. Using clinical algorithms, the percentage of PD-L1-positive cases in HSCC, BC and UC were 15-81%, 47-67% and 7-43%, respectively. The percentage of PD-L1 positive cases relied heavily on the algorithm/cut-off values used. Almost perfect interobserver agreement was achieved using SP263 and E1L3N in HSCC, 22C3, SP142 and E1L3N in BC and 22C3 in UC. The SP142 clone in UC and HSCC showed moderate agreement and was associated with lower ICC and decreased intraobserver concordance. CONCLUSIONS Excellent inter- and intraobserver agreement can be achieved using SP263, 22C3 and E1L3N, whereas PD-L1 scoring using SP142 clone is associated with a higher level of subjectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Downes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elzbieta Slodkowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nora Katabi
- Dpartment of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Achim A Jungbluth
- Dpartment of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bin Xu
- Dpartment of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Riera-Domingo C, Audigé A, Granja S, Cheng WC, Ho PC, Baltazar F, Stockmann C, Mazzone M. Immunity, Hypoxia, and Metabolism-the Ménage à Trois of Cancer: Implications for Immunotherapy. Physiol Rev 2019; 100:1-102. [PMID: 31414610 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that metabolism is able to shape the immune response. Only recently we are gaining awareness that the metabolic crosstalk between different tumor compartments strongly contributes to the harsh tumor microenvironment (TME) and ultimately impairs immune cell fitness and effector functions. The major aims of this review are to provide an overview on the immune system in cancer; to position oxygen shortage and metabolic competition as the ground of a restrictive TME and as important players in the anti-tumor immune response; to define how immunotherapies affect hypoxia/oxygen delivery and the metabolic landscape of the tumor; and vice versa, how oxygen and metabolites within the TME impinge on the success of immunotherapies. By analyzing preclinical and clinical endeavors, we will discuss how a metabolic characterization of the TME can identify novel targets and signatures that could be exploited in combination with standard immunotherapies and can help to predict the benefit of new and traditional immunotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Riera-Domingo
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Annette Audigé
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sara Granja
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Wan-Chen Cheng
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Christian Stockmann
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
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22
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Abstract
Genome sequencing of cancer has fundamentally advanced our understanding of the underlying biology of this disease, and more recently has provided approaches to characterize and monitor tumors in the clinic, guiding and evaluating treatment. Although cancer research is relying more on whole-genome characterization, the clinical application of genomics is largely limited to targeted sequencing approaches, tailored to capture specific clinically relevant biomarkers. However, as sequencing costs reduce, and the tools to effectively analyze complex and large-scale data improve, the ability to effectively characterize whole genomes at scale in a clinically relevant time frame is now being piloted. This ability effectively blurs the line between clinical cancer research and the clinical management of the disease. This leads to a new paradigm in cancer management in which real-time analysis of an individual's disease can have a rapid and lasting impact on our understanding of how clinical practices need to change to exploit novel therapeutic rationales. In this article, we will discuss how whole-genome sequencing (WGS), often combined with transcriptome analysis, has been used to understand cancer and how this approach is uniquely positioned to provide a comprehensive view of an evolving disease in response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Y Zhao
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Martin Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
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23
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Hurst KE, Lawrence KA, Essman MT, Walton ZJ, Leddy LR, Thaxton JE. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Contributes to Mitochondrial Exhaustion of CD8 + T Cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:476-486. [PMID: 30659052 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumor antigen-specific T cells rapidly lose energy and effector function in tumors. The cellular mechanisms by which energy loss and inhibition of effector function occur in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are ill-defined, and methods to identify tumor antigen-specific TILs that experience such stress are unknown. Processes upstream of the mitochondria guide cell-intrinsic energy depletion. We hypothesized that a mechanism of T-cell-intrinsic energy consumption was the process of oxidative protein folding and disulfide bond formation that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) guided by protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and downstream PERK axis target ER oxidoreductase 1 (ERO1α). To test this hypothesis, we created TCR transgenic mice with a T-cell-specific PERK gene deletion (OT1 + Lckcre+ PERK f/f , PERK KO). We found that PERK KO and T cells that were pharmacologically inhibited by PERK or ERO1α maintained reserve energy and exhibited a protein profile consistent with reduced oxidative stress. These T-cell groups displayed superior tumor control compared with T effectors. We identified a biomarker of ER-induced mitochondrial exhaustion in T cells as mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), and found that PD-1+ tumor antigen-specific CD8+ TILs express mtROS. In vivo treatment with a PERK inhibitor abrogated mtROS in PD-1+ CD8+ TILs and bolstered CD8+ TIL viability. Combination therapy enabled 100% survival and 71% tumor clearance in a sarcoma mouse model. Our data identify the ER as a regulator of T-cell energetics and indicate that ER elements are effective targets to improve cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E Hurst
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Medical School, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kiley A Lawrence
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Medical School, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Matthew T Essman
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Medical School, Charleston, South Carolina.,Medical University of South Carolina Medical School, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zeke J Walton
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Medical School, Charleston, South Carolina.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina Medical School, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lee R Leddy
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Medical School, Charleston, South Carolina.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina Medical School, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jessica E Thaxton
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Medical School, Charleston, South Carolina. .,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina Medical School, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina Medical School, Charleston, South Carolina
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24
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Haley CT, Mui UN, Vangipuram R, Rady PL, Tyring SK. Human oncoviruses: Mucocutaneous manifestations, pathogenesis, therapeutics, and prevention: Papillomaviruses and Merkel cell polyomavirus. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 81:1-21. [PMID: 30502418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In 1964, the first human oncovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, was identified in Burkitt lymphoma cells. Since then, 6 other human oncoviruses have been identified: human papillomavirus, Merkel cell polyomavirus, hepatitis B and C viruses, human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1, and human herpesvirus-8. These viruses are causally linked to 12% of all cancers, many of which have mucocutaneous manifestations. In addition, oncoviruses are associated with multiple benign mucocutaneous diseases. Research regarding the pathogenic mechanisms of oncoviruses and virus-specific treatment and prevention is rapidly evolving. Preventative vaccines for human papillomavirus and hepatitis B virus are already available. This review discusses the mucocutaneous manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of oncovirus-related diseases. The first article in this continuing medical education series focuses on diseases associated with human papillomavirus and Merkel cell polyomavirus, while the second article in the series focuses on diseases associated with hepatitis B and C viruses, human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1, human herpesvirus-8, and Epstein-Barr virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramya Vangipuram
- Center for Clinical Studies, Webster, Texas; Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter L Rady
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen K Tyring
- Center for Clinical Studies, Webster, Texas; Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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25
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Santos LL, Oliveira J, Monteiro E, Santos J, Sarmento C. Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer with Photodynamic Therapy with Redaporfin: A Clinical Case Report. Case Rep Oncol 2018; 11:769-776. [PMID: 30627091 PMCID: PMC6323365 DOI: 10.1159/000493423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, after locoregional treatment and multiple lines of systemic therapies, represents a great challenge to overcome acquired resistance. The present clinical case illustrates a successful treatment option and is the first to describe the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with Redaporfin, followed by immune checkpoint inhibition with an anti-PD1 antibody. This patient presented an extensive tumor in the mouth pavement progressing after surgery, radiotherapy, and multiple lines of systemic treatment. PDT with Redaporfin achieved the destruction of all visible tumor, and the sequential use of an immune checkpoint inhibitor allowed a sustained complete response. This case is an example of the effect of this therapeutic combination and may provide the basis for a new treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcio Lara Santos
- Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group of Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
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26
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Madeo M, Colbert PL, Vermeer DW, Lucido CT, Cain JT, Vichaya EG, Grossberg AJ, Muirhead D, Rickel AP, Hong Z, Zhao J, Weimer JM, Spanos WC, Lee JH, Dantzer R, Vermeer PD. Cancer exosomes induce tumor innervation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4284. [PMID: 30327461 PMCID: PMC6191452 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with densely innervated tumors suffer with increased metastasis and decreased survival as compared to those with less innervated tumors. We hypothesize that in some tumors, nerves are acquired by a tumor-induced process, called axonogenesis. Here, we use PC12 cells as an in vitro neuronal model, human tumor samples and murine in vivo models to test this hypothesis. When appropriately stimulated, PC12 cells extend processes, called neurites. We show that patient tumors release vesicles, called exosomes, which induce PC12 neurite outgrowth. Using a cancer mouse model, we show that tumors compromised in exosome release are less innervated than controls. Moreover, in vivo pharmacological blockade of exosome release similarly attenuates tumor innervation. We characterize these nerves as sensory in nature and demonstrate that axonogenesis is potentiated by the exosome-packaged axonal guidance molecule, EphrinB1. These findings indicate that tumor released exosomes induce tumor innervation and exosomes containing EphrinB1 potentiate this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Madeo
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Paul L Colbert
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Daniel W Vermeer
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Christopher T Lucido
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Jacob T Cain
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Elisabeth G Vichaya
- Department of Symptom Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 384, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aaron J Grossberg
- Department of Symptom Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 384, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, 2720 SW Moody Ave KR-CEDR, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - DesiRae Muirhead
- Sanford Health Pathology Clinic, Sanford Health, 1305 West 18th St, Sioux Falls, SD, 57105, USA
| | - Alex P Rickel
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Dakota, 4800 North Career Ave, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA
| | - Zhongkui Hong
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Dakota, 4800 North Career Ave, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Population Health Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - William C Spanos
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
- Sanford Ears, Nose and Throat, 1310 West 22nd St, Sioux Falls, SD, 57105, USA
| | - John H Lee
- NantKwest, 9920 Jefferson Blvd, Culver City, CA, 90232, USA
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 384, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Paola D Vermeer
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.
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27
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Saleh K, Eid R, Haddad FGH, Khalife-Saleh N, Kourie HR. New developments in the management of head and neck cancer - impact of pembrolizumab. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2018; 14:295-303. [PMID: 29497306 PMCID: PMC5822846 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s125059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a heterogeneous group of upper aerodigestive tract malignancies, is the seventh most common cancer worldwide. Tobacco use and alcohol consumption were the most identified risk factors of HNSCC. However, human papilloma virus, a sexually transmitted infection, has been determined as another primary cause of HNSCC. Early-stage disease is treated with surgery or radiotherapy. Recurrent or metastatic HNSCC is associated with poor prognosis with a median overall survival of 10 months. The EXTREME protocol is commonly used in first-line setting. Recently, pembrolizumab, an anti-programmed death-1 agent, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with disease progression on or after a platinum-based therapy. It demonstrated a durable objective response rate with a good safety profile and quality of life. Many ongoing trials are evaluating the use of pembrolizumab for the treatment of HNSCC in various indications such as adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting, maintenance and recurrent disease, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, radiation and targeted therapy. Finding those biomarkers predictive of response to immune checkpoints inhibitors has been a major concern. However, markers have been identified, such as PD-L1 expression, human papilloma virus infection, interferon-γ signature score, microsatellite instability and neoantigen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Saleh
- Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roland Eid
- Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fady GH Haddad
- Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadine Khalife-Saleh
- Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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28
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Kemmer JD, Johnson DE, Grandis JR. Leveraging Genomics for Head and Neck Cancer Treatment. J Dent Res 2018; 97:603-613. [PMID: 29420101 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518756352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomic landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been recently elucidated. Key epigenetic and genetic characteristics of this cancer have been reported and substantiated in multiple data sets, including those distinctive to the growing subset of human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated tumors. This increased understanding of the molecular underpinnings of HNSCC has not resulted in new approaches to treatment. Three Food and Drug Administration-approved molecular targeting agents are currently available to treat recurrent/metastatic disease, but these have exhibited efficacy only in subsets of HNSCC patients, and thus surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation remain as standard approaches. The lack of predictive biomarkers to any therapy represents an obstacle to achieving the promise of precision medicine. This review aims to familiarize the reader with current insights into the HNSCC genomic landscape, discuss the currently approved and promising molecular targeting agents under exploration in laboratories and clinics, and consider precision medicine approaches to HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Kemmer
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D E Johnson
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J R Grandis
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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