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Shilbayeh SAR, Adeen IS, Ghanem EH, Aljurayb H, Aldilaijan KE, AlDosari F, Fadda A. Exploratory focused pharmacogenetic testing reveals novel markers associated with risperidone pharmacokinetics in Saudi children with autism. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1356763. [PMID: 38375040 PMCID: PMC10875102 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1356763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) encompass a broad range of phenotypes characterized by diverse neurological alterations. Genomic studies have revealed considerable overlap between the molecular mechanisms implicated in the etiology of ASD and genes involved in the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) pathways of antipsychotic drugs employed in ASD management. Given the conflicting data originating from candidate PK or PD gene association studies in diverse ethnogeographic ASD populations, dosage individualization based on "actionable" pharmacogenetic (PGx) markers has limited application in clinical practice. Additionally, off-label use of different antipsychotics is an ongoing practice, which is justified given the shortage of approved cures, despite the lack of satisfactory evidence for its safety according to precision medicine. This exploratory study aimed to identify PGx markers predictive of risperidone (RIS) exposure in autistic Saudi children. Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled 89 Saudi children with ASD treated with RIS-based antipsychotic therapy. Plasma levels of RIS and 9-OH-RIS were measured using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system. To enable focused exploratory testing, genotyping was performed with the Axiom PharmacoFocus Array, which included a collection of probe sets targeting PK/PD genes. A total of 720 PGx markers were included in the association analysis. Results: A total of 27 PGx variants were found to have a prominent impact on various RIS PK parameters; most were not located within the genes involved in the classical RIS PK pathway. Specifically, 8 markers in 7 genes were identified as the PGx markers with the strongest impact on RIS levels (p < 0.01). Four PGx variants in 3 genes were strongly associated with 9-OH-RIS levels, while 5 markers in 5 different genes explained the interindividual variability in the total active moiety. Notably, 6 CYP2D6 variants exhibited strong linkage disequilibrium; however, they significantly influenced only the metabolic ratio and had no considerable effects on the individual estimates of RIS, 9-OH-RIS, or the total active moiety. After correction for multiple testing, rs78998153 in UGT2B17 (which is highly expressed in the brain) remained the most significant PGx marker positively adjusting the metabolic ratio. For the first time, certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) markers were found to enhance various RIS exposure parameters, which reinforces the gut-brain axis theory of ASD etiology and its suggested inflammatory impacts on drug bioavailability through modulation of the brain, gastrointestinal tract and/or hepatic expression of metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Conclusion: Our hypothesis-generating approach identified a broad spectrum of PGx markers that interactively influence RIS exposure in ASD children, which indicated the need for further validation in population PK modeling studies to define polygenic scores for antipsychotic efficacy and safety, which could facilitate personalized therapeutic decision-making in this complex neurodevelopmental condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sireen Abdul Rahim Shilbayeh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman Sharaf Adeen
- Department of Pediatric Behavior and Development and Adolescent Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ezzeldeen Hasan Ghanem
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya Aljurayb
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine Administration, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawlah Essa Aldilaijan
- Health Sciences Research Center, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah AlDosari
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Khan A, Waheed A, Afsar T, Abusharha A, Shafique H, Razak S. Unraveling Catechol-O-Methyltransferase rs4680 SNP's Role in Patients' Response to Tramadol and Its Adverse Effects: A Pharmacogenetics Insight into Postoperative Pain Management. J Clin Med 2023; 13:249. [PMID: 38202256 PMCID: PMC10779905 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective postoperative pain management is essential for patient well-being and an efficient healthcare system. Variations in the Catechol O-Methyltransferase (COMT) gene, specifically rs4680, play a crucial role in pain perception and opioid response. This study seeks to elucidate the impact of rs4680 polymorphism on tramadol efficacy and adverse reactions in post-surgical patients. We performed an uncontrolled cohort pharmacogenetics study in which participants underwent postoperative tramadol administration. The frequencies of rs4680 alleles were determined and the association between rs4680 genotypes and the efficacy of tramadol analgesic as pain relief, measured by the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), was analyzed. Secondary outcomes included tramadol-induced sedation levels, opioid-induced nausea and vomiting, and other adverse effects of tramadol. Data analysis, using IBM SPSS Statistics 23, focused on pain and side effect differences across genotypes, with statistical significance set to p ≤ 0.05. The COMT (rs4680) genotype distribution exhibited a 'G' allele frequency of 41.5% and an 'A' allele frequency of 58.5%, with the AA genotype present in 44% of individuals, adhering to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p = 0.788). Patients with the AA genotype reported lower pain scores post-tramadol administration across all times examined (p < 0.001), but also experienced statistically significant (p < 0.001) higher incidences of tramadol-induced nausea, vomiting, and sedation. However, GG genotype individuals experienced poor pain relief from tramadol, requiring more supplemental analgesia. These significant findings underscore the critical role of COMT rs4680 polymorphism in response to tramadol and the necessity of a personalized approach to postoperative pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Nawaz Sharif Medical College, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan;
| | - Akbar Waheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Islamic International Medical College, Riphah University, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Abusharha
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huma Shafique
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
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Ferrera D, Gómez-Esquer F, Peláez I, Barjola P, Fernandes-Magalhaes R, Carpio A, De Lahoz ME, Martín-Buro MC, Mercado F. Working memory dysfunction in fibromyalgia is associated with genotypes of the catechol- O-methyltransferase gene: an event-related potential study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:25-40. [PMID: 36100778 PMCID: PMC9958168 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings have associated different COMT genotypes with working memory capacity in patients with fibromyalgia. Although it is thought that the COMT gene may influence neural correlates (P2 and P3 ERP components) underlying working memory impairment in this chronic-pain syndrome, it has not yet been explored. Therefore, the aim of the present research was to investigate the potential effect of the COMT gene in fibromyalgia patients on ERP working memory indices (P2 and P3 components). For this purpose, 102 participants (51 patients and 51 healthy control participants) took part in the experiment. Event-related potentials and behavioral responses were recorded while participants performed a spatial n-back task. Participants had to decide if the stimulus coincided or not in the same location as the one presented one (1-back condition) or two (2-back condition) trials before. Genotypes of the COMT gene were determined through a saliva sample from all participants. Present results significantly showed lower working memory performance (p < 0.05) in patients with fibromyalgia as compared to control participants (higher rate of errors and slower reaction times). At neural level, we found that patients exhibited enhanced frontocentral and parieto-occipital P2 amplitudes compared to control participants (p < 0.05). Interestingly, we also observed that only fibromyalgia patients carrying the Val/Val genotype of the COMT gene showed higher frontocentral P2 amplitudes than control participants (p < 0.05). Current results (behavioral outcomes and P2 amplitudes) confirmed the presence of an alteration in working memory functioning in fibromyalgia. The enhancement of frontocentral P2 could be reflecting that these patients would manifest an inefficient way of activating executive attention processes, in carriers of the Val/Val genotype of COMT. To our knowledge, the present findings are the first linking neural indices of working memory dysfunctions and COMT genotypes in fibromyalgia. Applying a subgroup of patient's strategy based on this genetic marker could be useful to establish more tailored therapeutical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ferrera
- grid.28479.300000 0001 2206 5938Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Av. Atenas s/n. 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Gómez-Esquer
- grid.28479.300000 0001 2206 5938Emerging Research Group of Anatomical, Molecular and Human Development Bases, Department of Basic Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Peláez
- grid.28479.300000 0001 2206 5938Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Av. Atenas s/n. 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Barjola
- grid.28479.300000 0001 2206 5938Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Av. Atenas s/n. 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Fernandes-Magalhaes
- grid.28479.300000 0001 2206 5938Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Av. Atenas s/n. 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Carpio
- grid.28479.300000 0001 2206 5938Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Av. Atenas s/n. 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Eugenia De Lahoz
- grid.28479.300000 0001 2206 5938Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Av. Atenas s/n. 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Carmen Martín-Buro
- grid.28479.300000 0001 2206 5938Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Av. Atenas s/n. 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Mercado
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Av. Atenas s/n. 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
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Dai S, Holt MV, Horton JR, Woodcock CB, Patel A, Zhang X, Young NL, Wilkinson AW, Cheng X. Characterization of SETD3 methyltransferase-mediated protein methionine methylation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10901-10910. [PMID: 32503840 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most characterized protein methylation events encompass arginine and lysine N-methylation, and only a few cases of protein methionine thiomethylation have been reported. Newly discovered oncohistone mutations include lysine-to-methionine substitutions at positions 27 and 36 of histone H3.3. In these instances, the methionine substitution localizes to the active-site pocket of the corresponding histone lysine methyltransferase, thereby inhibiting the respective transmethylation activity. SET domain-containing 3 (SETD3) is a protein (i.e. actin) histidine methyltransferase. Here, we generated an actin variant in which the histidine target of SETD3 was substituted with methionine. As for previously characterized histone SET domain proteins, the methionine substitution substantially (76-fold) increased binding affinity for SETD3 and inhibited SETD3 activity on histidine. Unexpectedly, SETD3 was active on the substituted methionine, generating S-methylmethionine in the context of actin peptide. The ternary structure of SETD3 in complex with the methionine-containing actin peptide at 1.9 Å resolution revealed that the hydrophobic thioether side chain is packed by the aromatic rings of Tyr312 and Trp273, as well as the hydrocarbon side chain of Ile310 Our results suggest that placing methionine properly in the active site-within close proximity to and in line with the incoming methyl group of SAM-would allow some SET domain proteins to selectively methylate methionine in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Dai
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew V Holt
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John R Horton
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Clayton B Woodcock
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anamika Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nicolas L Young
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alex W Wilkinson
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Lorenzoni PJ, Kay CSK, Zanlorenzi MF, Ducci RDP, Werneck LC, Scola RH. Myasthenia gravis and azathioprine treatment: Adverse events related to thiopurine S-methyl-transferase (TPMT) polymorphisms. J Neurol Sci 2020; 412:116734. [PMID: 32070863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Azathioprine (AZA) is the most common immunosuppressive drug used to treat myasthenia gravis (MG). To analyses the prevalence of thiopurine S-methyl-transferase (TPMT) genotypes and their association with adverse events due to azathioprine therapy in MG patients. Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis were carried out to determine the prevalence of the most common TPMT genotypes (*2, *3A, *3B and *3C) in 50 MG patients from Southern Brazilian. The frequency of adverse reactions due to azathioprine therapy was analysed and correlated with different genotypes groups. The prevalence of TPMT gene variants was 12%. The allelic frequency of variant TPMT*2 (C238G), TPMT*3A (G460A/A719G), TPMT*3B (G460A), and TPMT*3C (A719G) genotypes was 1, 3, 2 and 1%, respectively. Adverse events occurred in 44%, of MG patients, of which 86% were minor and 14% were major. One patient, who presented a major adverse event (bone marrow suppression), was homozygous for the TPMT*3A genotype. Our study estimated the prevalence of TPMT genotypes for Brazilian MG patients. The profile of TPMT genotypes was different from other Brazilian populations. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and allelic frequencies of TPMT*3A and TPMT*3B, respectively, were different than expected, a finding that suggests a possible founder effect. Major adverse events were statistically significant for TPMT genotypes compared to wild-type. Although TPMT genotype has been associated with AZA-related adverse events, since no statistically significant difference among wild-type and other TPMT genotypes for minor adverse events, our study supports the view that TPMT genotype alone is not enough to adequately personalise the AZA therapy in MG patients. In conclusion, these results were important to characterise the prevalence of TPMT gene variants in MG patients treated with AZA and correlate the adverse events of this therapy in a real-world outpatient clinic from Southern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo José Lorenzoni
- Service of Neuromuscular Disorders, Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Suemi Kamoi Kay
- Service of Neuromuscular Disorders, Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Farago Zanlorenzi
- Service of Neuromuscular Disorders, Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Renata Dal-Prá Ducci
- Service of Neuromuscular Disorders, Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lineu Cesar Werneck
- Service of Neuromuscular Disorders, Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Rosana Herminia Scola
- Service of Neuromuscular Disorders, Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
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Dumontheil I, Kilford EJ, Blakemore SJ. Development of dopaminergic genetic associations with visuospatial, verbal and social working memory. Dev Sci 2019; 23:e12889. [PMID: 31336006 PMCID: PMC7064996 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine transmission in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) supports working memory (WM), the temporary holding, processing and manipulation of information in one's mind. The gene coding the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) enzyme, which degrades dopamine, in particular in the PFC, has a common single nucleotide polymorphism leading to two versions of the COMT enzyme which vary in their enzymatic activity. The methionine (Met) allele has been associated with higher WM performance and lower activation of the PFC in executive function tasks than the valine (Val) allele. In a previous study, COMT genotype was associated with performance on verbal and visuospatial WM tasks in adults, as well as with performance on a novel social WM paradigm that requires participants to maintain and manipulate information about the traits of their friends or family over a delay. Here, data collected in children and adolescents (N = 202) were compared to data from the adult sample (N = 131) to investigate possible age differences in genetic associations. Our results replicate and extend previous work showing that the pattern of superior WM performance observed in Met/Met adults emerges during development. These findings are consistent with a decrease in prefrontal dopamine levels during adolescence. Developmentally moderated genetic effects were observed for both visuospatial and social WM, even when controlling for non-social WM performance, suggesting that the maintenance and manipulation of social information may also recruit the dopamine neurotransmitter system. These findings show that development should be considered when trying to understand the impact of genetic polymorphisms on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iroise Dumontheil
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Emma J Kilford
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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Khojasteh SC, Bumpus NN, Driscoll JP, Miller GP, Mitra K, Rietjens IMCM, Zhang D. Biotransformation and bioactivation reactions - 2018 literature highlights. Drug Metab Rev 2019; 51:121-161. [PMID: 31170851 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2019.1615937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the past three decades, ADME sciences have become an integral component of the drug discovery and development process. At the same time, the field has continued to evolve, thus, requiring ADME scientists to be knowledgeable of and engage with diverse aspects of drug assessment: from pharmacology to toxicology, and from in silico modeling to in vitro models and finally in vivo models. Progress in this field requires deliberate exposure to different aspects of ADME; however, this task can seem daunting in the current age of mass information. We hope this review provides a focused and brief summary of a wide array of critical advances over the past year and explains the relevance of this research ( Table 1 ). We divided the articles into categories of (1) drug optimization, (2) metabolites and drug metabolizing enzymes, and (3) bioactivation. This annual review is the fourth of its kind (Baillie et al. 2016 ; Khojasteh et al. 2017 , 2018 ). We have followed the same format we used in previous years in terms of the selection of articles and the authoring of each section. This effort in itself also continues to evolve. I am pleased that Rietjens, Miller, and Mitra have again contributed to this annual review. We would like to welcome Namandjé N. Bumpus, James P. Driscoll, and Donglu Zhang as authors for this year's issue. We strive to maintain a balance of authors from academic and industry settings. We would be pleased to hear your opinions of our commentary, and we extend an invitation to anyone who would like to contribute to a future edition of this review. Cyrus Khojasteh, on behalf of the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cyrus Khojasteh
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Namandjé N Bumpus
- Department of Medicine - Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - James P Driscoll
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, MyoKardia Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Grover P Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Kaushik Mitra
- Department of Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck Research Laboratories (MRL), Merck & Co., Inc , West Point , PA , USA
| | | | - Donglu Zhang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc , South San Francisco , CA , USA
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Thompson PA. Finding the Responders in the Cancer Prevention Trials. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019; 111:639-640. [PMID: 30624679 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
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Dumas JA, Makarewicz JA, Bunn J, Nickerson J, McGee E. Dopamine-dependent cognitive processes after menopause: the relationship between COMT genotype, estradiol, and working memory. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 72:53-61. [PMID: 30212711 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined how a gene related to functioning of the dopaminergic system, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), and estradiol were related to brain functioning in healthy postmenopausal women. Participants were 118 healthy, cognitively normal postmenopausal women between the ages of 50-60 years. All women provided a blood sample for COMT and estradiol analyses and underwent a magnetic resonance imaging scan. Working memory performance and related brain activation were measured with BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging during the N-back task. Results were examined across each COMT genotype and a median split was performed on the circulating estradiol levels to create high and low estradiol groups for each genotype. COMT genotype and estradiol level were hypothesized to be proxy measures for brain dopamine levels with the Met/Met and high estradiol group having the most dopamine and Val/Val and low estradiol group having the least dopamine. The functional magnetic resonance imaging results showed that the N-back task activated the expected bilateral frontal and bilateral parietal working memory network. However, no main effects of COMT genotype or estradiol group were found. There was COMT-estradiol interaction found in a small area of decreased activation in the right precentral gyrus (Brodmann Area 6) that was related to the increasing hypothesized dopamine level. Specifically, women with a Met/Met genotype in the high estradiol group had the least activation in this frontal lobe working memory region. Women with a Val/Val genotype in the low estradiol group had greater activation in this region relative to the other groups. Performance on the N-back task did not show any group differences. These data indicate that after menopause COMT genotype and potentially the menopause-related changes to the dopaminergic system are not related to cognition. Future studies should examine how the relationship between COMT, estradiol, and cognition around the menopause transition as there appear to be differences in this relationship for premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Dumas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, Burlington, VT.
| | - Jenna A Makarewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Janice Bunn
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Joshua Nickerson
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Elizabeth McGee
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
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Maw HH, Zeng X, Campbell S, Taub ME, Teitelbaum AM. N-Methylation of BI 187004 by Thiol S-Methyltransferase. Drug Metab Dispos 2018. [PMID: 29514826 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.079764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BI 187004, an 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 inhibitor, was administered once daily for 14 days to eight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N-methylation was identified as a major biotransformation pathway. In four patients treated with BI 187004, the plasma exposure of an N-methylbenzimidazole metabolite [N-methylbenzimidazole regioisomer 1 (M1)] was 7-fold higher than the remaining four patients, indicating a substantial degree of metabolic variation. To identify the methyltransferase enzymes responsible for N-methylation, BI 187004 was incubated with human liver microsomes (HLM), human kidney microsomes (HKM), and their respective cytosolic preparations in the presence and absence of isoform-selective chemical inhibitors. Additionally, BI 187004 was incubated with several human recombinant methyltransferases: catechol O-methyltransferase (rhCOMT), histamine N-methyltransferase (rhHNMT), nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (rhNNMT), glycine N-methyltransferase (rhGNMT), and thiopurine S-methyltransferase (rhTPMT). M1 was principally observed in HLM and HKM incubations, minimally formed in liver and kidney cytosol, and not formed during incubations with recombinant methyltransferase enzymes. In all microsomal and cytosolic incubations, the formation of M1 was inhibited only by 2,3-dichloro-α-methylbenzylamine (DCMB), an inhibitor of thiol S-methyltransferase (TMT), providing evidence that TMT catalyzed the formation of M1. Interestingly, the N-methylbenzimidazole regioisomer (M14) was only observed in vitro, predominantly during incubations with human kidney cytosol and rhHNMT. The formation of M14 was inhibited by amodiaquine (an HNMT inhibitor) and DCMB, providing additional evidence that both HNMT and TMT catalyzed M14 formation. Overall, using BI 187004 as a substrate, this study demonstrates a novel TMT-mediated N-methylation biotransformation and an HNMT-mediated regioselective N-methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hlaing H Maw
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (H.H.M., M.E.T., A.M.T.), Chemical Development (X.Z.), and Material and Analytical Sciences (S.C.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Xingzhong Zeng
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (H.H.M., M.E.T., A.M.T.), Chemical Development (X.Z.), and Material and Analytical Sciences (S.C.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Scot Campbell
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (H.H.M., M.E.T., A.M.T.), Chemical Development (X.Z.), and Material and Analytical Sciences (S.C.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Mitchell E Taub
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (H.H.M., M.E.T., A.M.T.), Chemical Development (X.Z.), and Material and Analytical Sciences (S.C.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Aaron M Teitelbaum
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (H.H.M., M.E.T., A.M.T.), Chemical Development (X.Z.), and Material and Analytical Sciences (S.C.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
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11
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Vögelin M, Biedermann L, Frei P, Vavricka SR, Scharl S, Zeitz J, Sulz MC, Fried M, Rogler G, Scharl M. The Impact of Azathioprine-Associated Lymphopenia on the Onset of Opportunistic Infections in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155218. [PMID: 27214202 PMCID: PMC4877071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thiopurines are known to cause lymphopenia (<1,500 lymphocytes/μl). As severe lymphopenia (<500C/μl) is associated with opportunistic infections, we investigated severity of thiopurine-related lymphopenia and development of opportunistic infections in our tertiary referral centre. Methods We retrospectively screened medical records of 1,070 IBD patients and identified 100 individuals that developed a total of 161 episodes of lymphopenia during thiopurine treatment between 2002 and 2014. Occurrence of opportunistic infections was documented. A control group consisted of IBD patients receiving thiopurines but without developing lymphopenia. Results Of a total of 161 episodes of lymphopenia, 23% were severe (<500C/μl). In this subgroup, thiopurine dosing was modified in 64% (dosage reduction: 32%, medication discontinued: 32%). We identified 9 cases (5.5%) of opportunistic infections, of which only two occurred during severe lymphopenia. One opportunistic infection (4.5%) was identified in the control group. No association was found between opportunistic infections and severity of lymphopenia. All patients who suffered from opportunistic infections were receiving additional immunosuppressive medication. Conclusion Our patients treated with thiopurines rarely developed severe lymphopenia and opportunistic infections did not occur more often than in the control group. A careful monitoring of lymphocytes and prophylactic adjustment of thiopurine therapy might contribute to this low incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Vögelin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luc Biedermann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Frei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan R. Vavricka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stadtspital Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Scharl
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Zeitz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael C. Sulz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Michael Fried
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stadtspital Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stadtspital Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stadtspital Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Avan A, Postma TJ, Ceresa C, Avan A, Cavaletti G, Giovannetti E, Peters GJ. Platinum-induced neurotoxicity and preventive strategies: past, present, and future. Oncologist 2015; 20:411-32. [PMID: 25765877 PMCID: PMC4391771 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotoxicity is a burdensome side effect of platinum-based chemotherapy that prevents administration of the full efficacious dosage and often leads to treatment withdrawal. Peripheral sensory neurotoxicity varies from paresthesia in fingers to ataxic gait, which might be transient or irreversible. Because the number of patients being treated with these neurotoxic agents is still increasing, the need for understanding the pathogenesis of this dramatic side effect is critical. Platinum derivatives, such as cisplatin and carboplatin, harm mainly peripheral nerves and dorsal root ganglia neurons, possibly because of progressive DNA-adduct accumulation and inhibition of DNA repair pathways (e.g., extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinass), which finally mediate apoptosis. Oxaliplatin, with a completely different pharmacokinetic profile, may also alter calcium-sensitive voltage-gated sodium channel kinetics through a calcium ion immobilization by oxalate residue as a calcium chelator and cause acute neurotoxicity. Polymorphisms in several genes, such as voltage-gated sodium channel genes or genes affecting the activity of pivotal metal transporters (e.g., organic cation transporters, organic cation/carnitine transporters, and some metal transporters, such as the copper transporters, and multidrug resistance-associated proteins), can also influence drug neurotoxicity and treatment response. However, most pharmacogenetics studies need to be elucidated by robust evidence. There are supportive reports about the effectiveness of several neuroprotective agents (e.g., vitamin E, glutathione, amifostine, xaliproden, and venlafaxine), but dose adjustment and/or drug withdrawal seem to be the most frequently used methods in the management of platinum-induced peripheral neurotoxicity. To develop alternative options in the treatment of platinum-induced neuropathy, studies on in vitro models and appropriate trials planning should be integrated into the future design of neuroprotective strategies to find the best patient-oriented solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Avan
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of New Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tjeerd J Postma
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of New Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Cecilia Ceresa
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of New Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of New Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of New Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of New Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of New Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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13
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Pussegoda K, Ross CJ, Visscher H, Yazdanpanah M, Brooks B, Rassekh SR, Zada YF, Dubé MP, Carleton BC, Hayden MR. Replication of TPMT and ABCC3 genetic variants highly associated with cisplatin-induced hearing loss in children. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013; 94:243-51. [PMID: 23588304 PMCID: PMC4006820 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2013.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of solid tumors. A serious complication of cisplatin treatment is permanent hearing loss. The aim of this study was to replicate previous genetic findings in an independent cohort of 155 pediatric patients. Associations were replicated for genetic variants in TPMT (rs12201199, P = 0.0013, odds ratio (OR) 6.1) and ABCC3 (rs1051640, P = 0.036, OR 1.8). A predictive model combining variants in TPMT, ABCC3, and COMT with clinical variables (patient age, vincristine treatment, germ-cell tumor, and cranial irradiation) significantly improved the prediction of hearing-loss development as compared with using clinical risk factors alone (area under the curve (AUC) 0.786 vs. 0.708, P = 0.00048). The novel combination of genetic and clinical factors predicted the risk of hearing loss with a sensitivity of 50.3% and a specificity of 92.7%. These findings provide evidence to support the importance of TPMT, COMT, and ABCC3 in the prediction of cisplatin-induced hearing loss in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pussegoda
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - CJ Ross
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - H Visscher
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M Yazdanpanah
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Clinical Genomics Network, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - B Brooks
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - SR Rassekh
- Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - YF Zada
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre and Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M-P Dubé
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre and Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - BC Carleton
- Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes Programme, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - MR Hayden
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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14
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Belfer I, Segall SK, Lariviere WR, Smith SB, Dai F, Slade GD, Rashid NU, Mogil JS, Campbell CM, Edwards RR, Liu Q, Bair E, Maixner W, Diatchenko L. Pain modality- and sex-specific effects of COMT genetic functional variants. Pain 2013; 154:1368-76. [PMID: 23701723 PMCID: PMC3700530 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) metabolizes catecholamine neurotransmitters involved in a number of physiological functions, including pain perception. Both human and mouse COMT genes possess functional polymorphisms contributing to interindividual variability in pain phenotypes such as sensitivity to noxious stimuli, severity of clinical pain, and response to pain treatment. In this study, we found that the effects of Comt functional variation in mice are modality specific. Spontaneous inflammatory nociception and thermal nociception behaviors were correlated the most with the presence of the B2 SINE transposon insertion residing in the 3'UTR mRNA region. Similarly, in humans, COMT functional haplotypes were associated with thermal pain perception and with capsaicin-induced pain. Furthermore, COMT genetic variations contributed to pain behaviors in mice and pain ratings in humans in a sex-specific manner. The ancestral Comt variant, without a B2 SINE insertion, was more strongly associated with sensitivity to capsaicin in female vs male mice. In humans, the haplotype coding for low COMT activity increased capsaicin-induced pain perception in women, but not men. These findings reemphasize the fundamental contribution of COMT to pain processes, and provide a fine-grained resolution of this contribution at the genetic level that can be used to guide future studies in the area of pain genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Belfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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15
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Colleoni L, Kapetis D, Maggi L, Camera G, Canioni E, Cavalcante P, Kerlero de Rosbo N, Baggi F, Antozzi C, Confalonieri P, Mantegazza R, Bernasconi P. A New Thiopurine S-Methyltransferase Haplotype Associated With Intolerance to Azathioprine. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 53:67-74. [DOI: 10.1177/0091270011435989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Colleoni
- Neurology IV; Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,”; Milan; Italy
| | - Dimos Kapetis
- Neurology IV; Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,”; Milan; Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maggi
- Neurology IV; Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,”; Milan; Italy
| | - Giorgia Camera
- Neurology IV; Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,”; Milan; Italy
| | - Eleonora Canioni
- Neurology IV; Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,”; Milan; Italy
| | - Paola Cavalcante
- Neurology IV; Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,”; Milan; Italy
| | | | - Fulvio Baggi
- Neurology IV; Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,”; Milan; Italy
| | - Carlo Antozzi
- Neurology IV; Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,”; Milan; Italy
| | - Paolo Confalonieri
- Neurology IV; Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,”; Milan; Italy
| | - Renato Mantegazza
- Neurology IV; Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,”; Milan; Italy
| | - Pia Bernasconi
- Neurology IV; Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute “Carlo Besta,”; Milan; Italy
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16
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Wallace BD, Redinbo MR. Xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptors involved in drug metabolism: a structural perspective. Drug Metab Rev 2012; 45:79-100. [PMID: 23210723 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2012.740049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Xenobiotic compounds undergo a critical range of biotransformations performed by the phase I, II, and III drug-metabolizing enzymes. The oxidation, conjugation, and transportation of potentially harmful xenobiotic and endobiotic compounds achieved by these catalytic systems are significantly regulated, at the gene expression level, by members of the nuclear receptor (NR) family of ligand-modulated transcription factors. Activation of NRs by a variety of endo- and exogenous chemicals are elemental to induction and repression of drug-metabolism pathways. The master xenobiotic sensing NRs, the promiscuous pregnane X receptor and less-promiscuous constitutive androstane receptor are crucial to initial ligand recognition, jump-starting the metabolic process. Other receptors, including farnesoid X receptor, vitamin D receptor, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, liver X receptor, and RAR-related orphan receptor, are not directly linked to promiscuous xenobiotic binding, but clearly play important roles in the modulation of metabolic gene expression. Crystallographic studies of the ligand-binding domains of nine NRs involved in drug metabolism provide key insights into ligand-based and constitutive activity, coregulator recruitment, and gene regulation. Structures of other, noncanonical transcription factors also shed light on secondary, but important, pathways of control. Pharmacological targeting of some of these nuclear and atypical receptors has been instituted as a means to treat metabolic and developmental disorders and provides a future avenue to be explored for other members of the xenobiotic-sensing NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret D Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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17
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Fung C, Vaughn DJ, Mitra N, Ciosek SL, Vardhanabhuti S, Nathanson KL, Kanetsky PA. Chemotherapy refractory testicular germ cell tumor is associated with a variant in Armadillo Repeat gene deleted in Velco-Cardio-Facial syndrome (ARVCF). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:163. [PMID: 23248619 PMCID: PMC3521241 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is evidence that inherited genetic variation affects both testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) treatment outcome and risks of late-complications arising from cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Using a candidate gene approach, we examined associations of three genes involved in the cisplatin metabolism pathway, GSTP1, COMT, and TPMT, with TGCT outcome and cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study population includes a subset of patients (n = 137) from a genome-wide association study at the University of Pennsylvania that evaluates inherited genetic susceptibility to TGCT. All patients in our study had at least one course of cisplatin-based chemotherapy with at least 1 year of follow-up. A total of 90 markers in GSTP1, COMT, and TPMT and their adjacent genomic regions (±20 kb) were analyzed for associations with refractory TGCT after first course of chemotherapy, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), peripheral neuropathy, and ototoxicity. RESULTS After adjustment for multiple comparisons, one Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs2073743, in the flanking region (±20 kb) of COMT was associated with refractory TGCT after initial chemotherapy. This SNP lies within the intron region of the Armadillo Repeat gene deleted in Velco-Cardio-Facial syndrome (ARVCF). The G allele of rs2073743 predisposed patients to refractory disease with a relative risk of 2.6 (95% CI 1.1, 6.3; P = 0.03). Assuming recessive inheritance, patients with the GG genotype had 22.7 times higher risk (95% CI 3.3, 155.8; P = 0.04) of developing refractory disease when compared to those with the GC or CC genotypes. We found no association of our candidate genes with peripheral neuropathy, ototoxicity, PFS and OS. DISCUSSION This is the first study to suggest that germline genetic variants of ARVCF may affect TGCT outcome. The result of this study is hypothesis generating and should be validated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunkit Fung
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
- *Correspondence: Chunkit Fung, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 704, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. e-mail:
| | - David J. Vaughn
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Abramson Cancer Center, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nandita Mitra
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie L. Ciosek
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Saran Vardhanabhuti
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS research, Harvard School of Public HealthBoston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine L. Nathanson
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter A. Kanetsky
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
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18
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Influence of the COMT genotype on working memory and brain activity changes during development. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 70:222-9. [PMID: 21514925 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Valine158Methionine (Val158Met) polymorphism of the COMT gene leads to lower enzymatic activity and higher dopamine availability in Met carriers. The Met allele is associated with better performance and reduced prefrontal cortex activation during working memory (WM) tasks in adults. Dopaminergic system changes during adolescence may lead to a reduction of basal dopamine levels, potentially affecting Met allele benefits during development. METHODS We investigated the association of COMT genotype with behavioral (n = 322) and magnetic resonance imaging data (n = 81-84) collected during performance of a visuospatial WM task and potential changes in these effects during development (reflected in age × genotype interactions). Data were collected from a cross-sectional and longitudinal typically developing sample of 6- to 20-year-olds. RESULTS Visuospatial WM capacity exhibited an age × genotype interaction, with a benefit of the Met allele emerging after 10 years of age. There was a parallel age × genotype interaction on WM-related activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus and intraparietal sulcus (IPS), with increases in activation with age in the Val/Val group only. Main effects of COMT genotype were also observed in the IPS, with greater gray matter volumes bilaterally and greater right IPS activation in the Val/Val group compared with the Met carriers. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that COMT genotype effects on WM brain activity and behavior are not static during development. The full developmental picture should be considered when trying to understand the impact of genetic polymorphisms on the mature cognition of healthy adult or psychiatric populations.
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Ji Y, Biernacka J, Snyder K, Drews M, Pelleymounter LL, Colby C, Wang L, Mrazek DA, Weinshilboum RM. Catechol O-methyltransferase pharmacogenomics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor response. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2010; 12:78-85. [PMID: 20877297 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2010.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We applied a systematic pharmacogenetic approach to investigate the role of genetic variation in the gene encoding catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) in individual variation in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) response among depressed patients. In all, 23 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in COMT were genotyped using DNA from the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR(*)D) study (N=1914). One SNP, rs13306278, located in the distal promoter region of COMT, showed significant association with remission in White non-Hispanic (WNH) subjects (P=0.038). Electromobility shift assay for rs13306278 showed alternation in the ability of the variant sequence to bind nuclear proteins. A replication study was performed using samples from the Mayo Clinic Pharmacogenetics Research Network Citalopram/Escitalopram Pharmacogenomic study (N=422) that demonstrated a similar trend for association. Our findings suggest that novel genetic markers in the COMT distal promoter may influence SSRI response phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ji
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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20
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Loo TT, Ross CJD, Sistonen J, Visscher H, Madadi P, Koren G, Hayden MR, Carleton BC. Pharmacogenomics and active surveillance for serious adverse drug reactions in children. Pharmacogenomics 2010; 11:1269-85. [PMID: 20860467 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.10.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Juxtaposing clinical pharmacology with human genetics, pharmacogenomics utilizes a patient’s genetic information to identify genetic variants that have the potential to provide clinically relevant predictions of toxicity and efficacy. The goal is to develop personalized and genetic-based predictions of an individual’s drug response and likelihood of experiencing an adverse drug reaction. The Canadian Pharmacogenomics Network for Drug Safety (CPNDS) has implemented active adverse drug reaction surveillance to monitor and discover genetic markers related to serious adverse drug reactions in the pediatric population. Evidence-based pharmacogenomics research will inform public policy and influence drug benefit–risk decision-making. Regulatory processes and future challenges in pharmacogenomics research will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenneille T Loo
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes Programme, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Colin JD Ross
- Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Johanna Sistonen
- Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Henk Visscher
- Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Parvaz Madadi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Motherisk Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gideon Koren
- Motherisk Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario (UWO), Ontario, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, UWO, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael R Hayden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
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Delorme R, Betancur C, Chaste P, Kernéis S, Stopin A, Mouren MC, Collet C, Bourgeron T, Leboyer M, Launay JM. Reduced 3-O-methyl-dopa levels in OCD patients and their unaffected parents is associated with the low activity M158 COMT allele. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:542-548. [PMID: 19676096 PMCID: PMC4865544 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene is considered as a candidate gene in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Specifically, the COMT low-activity M158 allele has been suggested to be associated with OCD. However, there is no study reporting that COMT activity is decreased in OCD patients and that the decrease is mediated by the V158M polymorphism. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to assess COMT activity in OCD by measuring plasma levels of 3-O-methyl-dopa (3-OMD), which result from the methylation of levodopa by COMT, and to investigate the relationship between 3-OMD levels and the V158M polymorphism. We also examined whether 3-OMD levels represented an endophenotype, associated with the genetic liability to OCD, by assessing unaffected relatives of OCD patients. We assessed plasma 3-OMD levels in a sample of drug-free OCD probands (n = 34) and their unaffected parents (n = 63), and compared them with controls (n = 85). The COMT V158M polymorphism was genotyped in all participants. Lower plasma 3-OMD levels were found in OCD probands and their unaffected parents compared to controls. The COMT M158 allele was associated with reduced plasma 3-OMD levels in a co-dominant manner, both in OCD probands and their relatives, but not in controls. Our results suggest that COMT activity could act as a limiting factor for the production of 3-OMD in OCD patients and in their relatives. These findings further support a role of COMT in the susceptibility to OCD and provide evidence that 3-OMD levels could represent an endophenotype in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Delorme
- Service de Psychopathologie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent
Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)Hôpital Robert DebréUniversité Paris Diderot - Paris 748, Bd Sérurier 75019 PARIS,IMRB, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERMUniversité Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12IFR108 rue du Général Sarrail 94010 Créteil,Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives
Institut Pasteur [Paris]Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique25-28 rue du Docteur Roux F-75724 Paris Cedex 15,* Correspondence should be addressed to Richard Delorme
| | - Catalina Betancur
- Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central
Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueINSERMUniversité Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6Bâtiment B, 4ème étage, case courrier 37 9 quai Saint Bernard 75252 Paris Cedex 05
| | - Pauline Chaste
- Service de Psychopathologie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent
Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)Hôpital Robert DebréUniversité Paris Diderot - Paris 748, Bd Sérurier 75019 PARIS,Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives
Institut Pasteur [Paris]Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique25-28 rue du Docteur Roux F-75724 Paris Cedex 15
| | - Solen Kernéis
- Centre de Vaccinologie
Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)CHU Cochin [APHP]Paris
| | - Astrid Stopin
- IMRB, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERMUniversité Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12IFR108 rue du Général Sarrail 94010 Créteil,Service de Psychiatrie
Hôpital Henri MondorHôpital Albert ChenevierAPHPCréteil
| | - Marie-Christine Mouren
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives
Institut Pasteur [Paris]Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique25-28 rue du Docteur Roux F-75724 Paris Cedex 15
| | - Corinne Collet
- Service Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire
Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)Hôpital LariboisièreHopital Lariboisiere, F-75475 Paris
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives
Institut Pasteur [Paris]Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique25-28 rue du Docteur Roux F-75724 Paris Cedex 15
| | - Marion Leboyer
- IMRB, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERMUniversité Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12IFR108 rue du Général Sarrail 94010 Créteil,Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives
Institut Pasteur [Paris]Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique25-28 rue du Docteur Roux F-75724 Paris Cedex 15,Service de Psychiatrie
Hôpital Henri MondorHôpital Albert ChenevierAPHPCréteil,Faculté de Médecine
Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12Créteil
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- Service Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire
Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)Hôpital LariboisièreHopital Lariboisiere, F-75475 Paris
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The COMT Val108/158Met polymorphism and medial temporal lobe volumetry in patients with schizophrenia and healthy adults. Neuroimage 2009; 53:992-1000. [PMID: 20026221 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of the medial temporal lobe have been consistently demonstrated in schizophrenia. A common functional polymorphism, Val108/158Met, in the putative schizophrenia susceptibility gene, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), has been shown to influence medial temporal lobe function. However, the effects of this polymorphism on volumes of medial temporal lobe structures, particularly in patients with schizophrenia, are less clear. Here we measured the effects of COMT Val108/158Met genotype on the volume of two regions within the medial temporal lobe, the amygdala and hippocampus, in patients with schizophrenia and healthy control subjects. We obtained MRI and genotype data for 98 schizophrenic patients and 114 matched controls. An automated atlas-based segmentation algorithm was used to generate volumetric measures of the amygdala and hippocampus. Regression analyses included COMT met allele load as an additive effect, and also controlled for age, intracranial volume, gender and acquisition site. Across patients and controls, each copy of the COMT met allele was associated on average with a 2.6% increase in right amygdala volume, a 3.8% increase in left amygdala volume and a 2.2% increase in right hippocampus volume. There were no effects of COMT genotype on volumes of the whole brain and prefrontal regions. Thus, the COMT Val108/158Met polymorphism was shown to influence medial temporal lobe volumes in a linear-additive manner, mirroring its effect on dopamine catabolism. Taken together with previous work, our data support a model in which lower COMT activity, and a resulting elevation in extracellular dopamine levels, stimulates growth of medial temporal lobe structures.
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Ross CJD, Katzov-Eckert H, Dubé MP, Brooks B, Rassekh SR, Barhdadi A, Feroz-Zada Y, Visscher H, Brown AMK, Rieder MJ, Rogers PC, Phillips MS, Carleton BC, Hayden MR. Genetic variants in TPMT and COMT are associated with hearing loss in children receiving cisplatin chemotherapy. Nat Genet 2009; 41:1345-9. [PMID: 19898482 DOI: 10.1038/ng.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used and effective chemotherapeutic agent, although its use is restricted by the high incidence of irreversible ototoxicity associated with it. In children, cisplatin ototoxicity is a serious and pervasive problem, affecting more than 60% of those receiving cisplatin and compromising language and cognitive development. Candidate gene studies have previously reported associations of cisplatin ototoxicity with genetic variants in the genes encoding glutathione S-transferases and megalin. We report association analyses for 220 drug-metabolism genes in genetic susceptibility to cisplatin-induced hearing loss in children. We genotyped 1,949 SNPs in these candidate genes in an initial cohort of 54 children treated in pediatric oncology units, with replication in a second cohort of 112 children recruited through a national surveillance network for adverse drug reactions in Canada. We identified genetic variants in TPMT (rs12201199, P value = 0.00022, OR = 17.0, 95% CI 2.3-125.9) and COMT (rs9332377, P value = 0.00018, OR = 5.5, 95% CI 1.9-15.9) associated with cisplatin-induced hearing loss in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J D Ross
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Andersen S, Skorpen F. Variation in the COMT gene: implications for pain perception and pain treatment. Pharmacogenomics 2009; 10:669-84. [PMID: 19374521 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.09.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is an enzyme that inactivates biologically-active catechols, including the important neurotransmitters dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline. These neurotransmitters are involved in numerous physiological processes, including modulation of pain. Genetic variation in the COMT gene has been implicated in variable response to various experimental painful stimuli, variable susceptibility to develop common pain conditions, as well as the variable need for opioids in the treatment of cancer pain. Increased insight into how genetic variants within the COMT locus affect pain perception will contribute to improved understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of common human pain disorders and may lead to improved strategies for pain treatment. So far, a remarkable complex relationship between COMT genotypes or haplotypes and pain phenotypes has been revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Andersen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Children's & Women's Health, Laboratory Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU), N-7489 Trondheim, Norway
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25
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Feng Q, Keshtgarpour M, Pelleymounter LL, Moon I, Kalari KR, Eckloff BW, Wieben ED, Weinshilboum RM. Human S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase: common gene sequence variation and functional genomic characterization. J Neurochem 2009; 110:1806-17. [PMID: 19619139 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06276.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AHCY) is the only mammalian enzyme known to catalyze the hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine. We have used a genotype-to-phenotype strategy to study this important enzyme by resequencing AHCY in 240 DNA samples from four ethnic groups. Thirty-nine polymorphisms were identified - 28 of which were novel. Functional genomic studies for wild type AHCY and the three variant allozymes identified showed that two variant allozymes had slight, but significant decreases in enzyme activity, but with no significant differences in levels of immunoreactive protein. Luciferase reporter gene assays for common 5'-flanking region haplotypes revealed that one haplotype with a frequency of approximately 2% in Caucasian-American subjects displayed a decreased ability to drive transcription. The variant nucleotide at 5'-flanking region single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (-34) in that haplotype altered the DNA-protein binding pattern during electrophoresis mobility shift assay. Finally, an AHCY genotype-phenotype association study for expression in lymphoblastoid cells identified four SNPs that were associated with decreased expression. For the IVS6 (intervening sequence 6, i.e., intron 6) G56 > C SNP among those four, electrophoresis mobility shift assay showed that a C > G nucleotide change resulted in an additional shifted band. These results represent a step toward understanding the functional consequences of common genetic variation in AHCY for the regulation of neurotransmitter, drug and macromolecule methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiping Feng
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic-Mayo Medical School, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Effects of age, genes, and pulse pressure on executive functions in healthy adults. Neurobiol Aging 2009; 32:1124-37. [PMID: 19559505 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Revised: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Executive functions (EF) evidence significant age-related declines, but the mechanisms underpinning those changes are unclear. In this study, we focus on two potential sources of variation: a physiological indicator of vascular health, and genetic variants related to vascular functions. In a sample of healthy adults (n=158, ages 18-81), we examine the effects of age, pulse pressure, and two polymorphisms (comt val158met and ace insertion/deletion) on working memory and cognitive flexibility. Results indicate that in addition to often-replicated age differences, the alleles of two polymorphisms that promote vasoconstriction (comt val and ace D) and reduced availability of dopamine in neocortical synapses (comt val), negatively impact virtually all aspects of EF tasks that involve working memory. In some cases, suppression of cognitive performance is limited to men or necessitates a combination of both risk-associated alleles. After accounting for genetic and age-related variation, pulse pressure had no additional effect on EF. These findings suggest that in healthy adults, the effects of genetic risk factors significantly modulate the course of cognitive aging.
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The effect of catechol-O-methyltransferase Met/Val functional polymorphism on smoking cessation: retrospective and prospective analyses in a cohort study. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2009; 19:45-51. [PMID: 19160592 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e328317f3f8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Met/Val functional polymorphism of the gene-encoding catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is one of the most widely tested variants for association with different phenotypes of addictive behavior, but replication has been inconsistent for smoking status. We investigated the relationship of this COMT single nucleotide polymorphism with smoking cessation in elderly persons in retrospective and prospective analyses. METHODS The study is embedded in the population-based Rotterdam Study cohort and included 5,115 persons aged 55 years and more. In the retrospective analyses using logistic regression, current smokers who had smoked 10 or more cigarettes daily for 10 or more years were compared with former smokers. In the prospective analyses, we followed 1,195 current smokers up to 12 years and used Cox proportional hazard model to detect the effect of the COMT single nucleotide polymorphism on self-reported incidence of smoking cessation. RESULTS The Val/Val genotype of COMT had a consistent association with smoking cessation as compared with the Met/Met+Met/Val genotypes in retrospective [odds ratio=0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66-0.96, P=0.02] and prospective analyses (hazard ratio=0.80, 95% CI: 0.63-1.01, P=0.06). In the pooled analyses of prevalent and incident cessation cases that we compared with persisting smokers, the odds ratio was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.55-0.88, P=0.003). No sex difference and no effect of the COMT polymorphism on smoking initiation were observed. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that COMT Met/Val polymorphism is strongly associated with smoking cessation. The Met allele is the risk allele that decreases the likelihood of smoking cessation in men and women.
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Abstract
The impact of estrogen exposure in preventing or treating cardiovascular disease is controversial. But it is clear that estrogen has important effects on vascular physiology and pathophysiology, with potential therapeutic implications. Therefore, the goal of this review is to summarize, using an integrated approach, current knowledge of the vascular effects of estrogen, both in humans and in experimental animals. Aspects of estrogen synthesis and receptors, as well as general mechanisms of estrogenic action are reviewed with an emphasis on issues particularly relevant to the vascular system. Recent understanding of the impact of estrogen on mitochondrial function suggests that the longer lifespan of women compared with men may depend in part on the ability of estrogen to decrease production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. Mechanisms by which estrogen increases endothelial vasodilator function, promotes angiogenesis, and modulates autonomic function are summarized. Key aspects of the relevant pathophysiology of inflammation, atherosclerosis, stroke, migraine, and thrombosis are reviewed concerning current knowledge of estrogenic effects. A number of emerging concepts are addressed throughout. These include the importance of estrogenic formulation and route of administration and the impact of genetic polymorphisms, either in estrogen receptors or in enzymes responsible for estrogen metabolism, on responsiveness to hormone treatment. The importance of local metabolism of estrogenic precursors and the impact of timing for initiation of treatment and its duration are also considered. Although consensus opinions are emphasized, controversial views are presented to stimulate future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia M. Miller
- Professor, Surgery and Physiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, , Phone: 507-284-2290, Fax: 507-266-2233
| | - Sue P. Duckles
- Professor, Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, , Phone: 949-824-4265, Fax: 949-824-4855
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Poirrier JE, Guillonneau F, Renaut J, Sergeant K, Luxen A, Maquet P, Leprince P. Proteomic changes in rat hippocampus and adrenals following short-term sleep deprivation. Proteome Sci 2008; 6:14. [PMID: 18498662 PMCID: PMC2453108 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-6-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To identify the biochemical changes induced by sleep deprivation at a proteomic level, we compared the hippocampal proteome of rats either after 4 hours of sleep or sleep deprivation obtained by gentle handling. Because sleep deprivation might induce some stress, we also analyzed proteomic changes in rat adrenals in the same conditions. After sleep deprivation, proteins from both tissues were extracted and subjected to 2D-DIGE analysis followed by protein identification through mass spectrometry and database search. Results In the hippocampus, 87 spots showed significant variation between sleep and sleep deprivation, with more proteins showing higher abundance in the latter case. Of these, 16 proteins were present in sufficient amount for a sequencing attempt and among the 12 identified proteins, inferred affected cellular functions include cell metabolism, energy pathways, transport and vesicle trafficking, cytoskeleton and protein processing. Although we did not observe classical, macroscopic effect of stress in sleep-deprived rats, 47 protein spots showed significant variation in adrenal tissue between sleep and sleep deprivation, with more proteins showing higher abundance following sleep. Of these, 16 proteins were also present in sufficient amount for a sequencing attempt and among the 13 identified proteins, the most relevant cellular function that was affected was cell metabolism. Conclusion At a proteomic level, short term sleep deprivation is characterized by a higher expression of some proteins in the hippocampus and a lower abundance of other proteins in the adrenals (compared to normal sleep control). Altogether, this could indicate a general activation of a number of cellular mechanisms involved in the maintenance of wakefulness and in increased energy expenditure during sleep deprivation. These findings are relevant to suggested functions of sleep like energy repletion and the restoration of molecular stocks or a more global homeostasis of synaptic processes.
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Hagen K, Stovner LJ, Skorpen F, Pettersen E, Zwart JA. COMT genotypes and use of antipsychotic medication: linking population-based prescription database to the HUNT study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2008; 17:372-7. [DOI: 10.1002/pds.1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bai HW, Shim JY, Yu J, Zhu BT. Biochemical and molecular modeling studies of the O-methylation of various endogenous and exogenous catechol substrates catalyzed by recombinant human soluble and membrane-bound catechol-O-methyltransferases. Chem Res Toxicol 2007; 20:1409-25. [PMID: 17880176 DOI: 10.1021/tx700174w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT, EC 2.1.1.6) catalyzes the O-methylation of a wide array of catechol-containing substrates using s-adenosyl-L-methionine as the methyl donor. In the present study, we have cloned and expressed the human soluble and membrane-bound COMTs (S-COMT and MB-COMT, respectively) in Escherichia coli and have studied their biochemical characteristics for the O-methylation of representative classes of endogenous catechol substrates (catecholamines and catechol estrogens) as well as exogenous catechol substrates (bioflavonoids and tea catechins). Enzyme kinetic analyses showed that these two recombinant human COMTs are functionally active, with catalytic and kinetic properties nearly identical to those of crude or purified enzymes prepared from human tissues or cells. Kinetic parameters for the O-methylation of various substrates were characterized. In addition, computational modeling studies were conducted to better understand the molecular mechanisms for the different catalytic behaviors of human S- and MB-COMTs with respect to s-adenosyl-L-methionine, various substrates, and also the regioselectivity for the formation of mono-methyl ether products. Our modeling data showed that the binding energy values (Delta G) calculated for most substrates agreed well with the measured kinetic parameters. Also, our modeling data precisely predicted the regioselectivity for the O-methylation of these substrates at different hydroxyl groups, the predicted values matched nearly perfectly with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Woo Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
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Relevance of pharmacogenetic aspects of mercaptopurine metabolism in the treatment of interstitial lung disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2007; 13:458-63. [DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0b013e328273bc18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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