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Neha, Wali Z, Pinky, Hattiwale SH, Jamal A, Parvez S. GLP-1/Sigma/RAGE receptors: An evolving picture of Alzheimer's disease pathology and treatment. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102134. [PMID: 38008402 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
According to the facts and figures 2023stated that 6.7 million Americans over the age of 65 have Alzheimer's disease (AD). The scenario of AD has reached up to the maximum, of 4.1 million individuals, 2/3rd are female patients, and approximately 1 in 9 adults over the age of 65 have dementia with AD dementia. The fact that there are now no viable treatments for AD indicates that the underlying disease mechanisms are not fully understood. The progressive neurodegenerative disease, AD is characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau protein and senile plaques (SPs), which are brought on by the buildup of amyloid beta (Aβ). Numerous attempts have been made to produce compounds that interfere with these characteristics because of significant research efforts into the primary pathogenic hallmark of this disorder. Here, we summarize several research that highlights interesting therapy strategies and the neuroprotective effects of GLP-1, Sigma, and, AGE-RAGE receptors in pre-clinical and clinical AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Zitin Wali
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Pinky
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Shaheenkousar H Hattiwale
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azfar Jamal
- Department of Biology, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; Health and Basic Science Research Centre, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Wu Y, von Hauff IV, Jensen N, Rossner MJ, Wehr MC. Improved Split TEV GPCR β-arrestin-2 Recruitment Assays via Systematic Analysis of Signal Peptide and β-arrestin Binding Motif Variants. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:48. [PMID: 36671883 PMCID: PMC9855867 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are major disease-relevant drug targets; robust monitoring of their activities upon drug treatment is key to drug discovery. The split TEV cell-based assay technique monitors the interaction of an activated GPCR with β-arrestin-2 through TEV protein fragment complementation using a luminescent signal as the readout. In this work, split TEV GPCR β-arrestin-2 recruitment assays were optimized to monitor the endogenous ligand-induced activities of six GPCRs (DRD1, DRD2, HTR2A, GCGR, AVPR2, and GLP1R). Each GPCR was tested in four forms; i.e., its wildtype form, a variant with a signal peptide (SP) to facilitate receptor expression, a variant containing the C-terminal tail from the V2 vasopressin receptor (V2R tail) to promote β-arrestin-2 recruitment, and a variant containing both the SP and V2R tail. These 24 GPCR variants were systematically tested for assay performance in four cell lines (HEK-293, PC12 Tet-Off, U-2 OS, and HeLa). We found that the assay performance differed significantly for each GPCR variant and was dependent on the cell line. We found that V2R improved the DRD2 split TEV assays and that HEK-293 cells were the preferred cell line across the GPCRs tested. When taking these considerations into account, the defined selection of assay modifications and conditions may improve the performance of drug development campaigns that apply the split TEV technique as a screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wu
- Research Group Cell Signalling, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Isabelle V. von Hauff
- Research Group Cell Signalling, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Niels Jensen
- Section of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz J. Rossner
- Section of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Systasy Bioscience GmbH, Balanstr. 6, 81699 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael C. Wehr
- Research Group Cell Signalling, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Systasy Bioscience GmbH, Balanstr. 6, 81699 Munich, Germany
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3
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Hu N, Ji H. Medications on hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:5189-5199. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Activation in the Brain in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179583. [PMID: 36076972 PMCID: PMC9455625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a pleiotropic hormone well known for its incretin effect in the glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion. However, GLP-1 is also produced in the brain and displays a critical role in neuroprotection and inflammation by activating the GLP-1 receptor signaling pathways. Several studies in vivo and in vitro using preclinical models of neurodegenerative diseases show that GLP-1R activation has anti-inflammatory properties. This review explores the molecular mechanistic action of GLP-1 RAS in relation to inflammation in the brain. These findings update our knowledge of the potential benefits of GLP-1RAS actions in reducing the inflammatory response. These molecules emerge as a potential therapeutic tool in treating neurodegenerative diseases and neuroinflammatory pathologies.
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Keerie A, Brown-Wright H, Kirkland I, Grierson A, Alix JJP, Holscher C, Mead RJ. The GLP-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide, fails to slow disease progression in SOD1 G93A and TDP-43 Q331K transgenic mouse models of ALS. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17027. [PMID: 34426623 PMCID: PMC8382676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96418-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
GLP-1 receptor agonists used for the treatment of diabetes, have shown some neuroprotective effects in cellular and animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). There are currently few studies investigating GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of ALS, where these neuroprotective effects may be beneficial. Here we investigate the effects of liraglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, in two well characterised transgenic mouse models of ALS (SOD1G93A and TDP-43Q331K) to determine if liraglutide could be a potential treatment in ALS patients. Doses of liraglutide previously shown to have efficacy in AD and PD mouse models were used. Behavioural testing was carried out to ascertain the effect of liraglutide on disease progression. Immunohistochemical analysis of tissue was used to determine any neuroprotective effects on the CNS. We found that liraglutide dosed animals showed no significant differences in disease progression when compared to vehicle dosed animals in either the SOD1G93A or TDP-43Q331K mouse models of ALS. We also observed no changes in motor neuron counts or glial activation in lumbar spinal cords of liraglutide treated mice compared to vehicle dosed mice. Overall, we found no evidence to support clinical evaluation of liraglutide as a potential candidate for the treatment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Keerie
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Heledd Brown-Wright
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Isaac Kirkland
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrew Grierson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - James J P Alix
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christian Holscher
- Second Hospital, Neurology Department, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- Research and Experimental Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Richard J Mead
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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Shandilya A, Mehan S. Dysregulation of IGF-1/GLP-1 signaling in the progression of ALS: potential target activators and influences on neurological dysfunctions. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:3145-3166. [PMID: 34018075 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The prominent causes for motor neuron diseases like ALS are demyelination, immune dysregulation, and neuroinflammation. Numerous research studies indicate that the downregulation of IGF-1 and GLP-1 signaling pathways plays a significant role in the progression of ALS pathogenesis and other neurological disorders. In the current review, we discussed the dysregulation of IGF-1/GLP-1 signaling in neurodegenerative manifestations of ALS like a genetic anomaly, oligodendrocyte degradation, demyelination, glial overactivation, immune deregulation, and neuroexcitation. In addition, the current review reveals the IGF-1 and GLP-1 activators based on the premise that the restoration of abnormal IGF-1/GLP-1 signaling could result in neuroprotection and neurotrophic effects for the clinical-pathological presentation of ALS and other brain diseases. Thus, the potential benefits of IGF-1/GLP-1 signal upregulation in the development of disease-modifying therapeutic strategies may prevent ALS and associated neurocomplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Shandilya
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
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7
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Han W, Li Y, Cheng J, Zhang J, Chen D, Fang M, Xiang G, Wu Y, Zhang H, Xu K, Wang H, Xie L, Xiao J. Sitagliptin improves functional recovery via GLP-1R-induced anti-apoptosis and facilitation of axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8687-8702. [PMID: 32573108 PMCID: PMC7412681 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon growth and neuronal apoptosis are considered to be crucial therapeutic targets against spinal cord injury (SCI). Growing evidences have reported stimulation of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1)/GLP‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) signalling axis provides neuroprotection in experimental models of neurodegeneration disease. Endogenous GLP‐1 is rapidly degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV (DPP4), resulting in blocking of GLP‐1/GLP1R signalling process. Sitagliptin, a highly selective inhibitor of DPP4, has approved to have beneficial effects on diseases in which neurons damaged. However, the roles and the underlying mechanisms of sitagliptin in SCI repairing remain unclear. In this study, we used a rat model of SCI and PC12 cells/primary cortical neurons to explore the mechanism of sitagliptin underlying SCI recovery. We discovered the expression of GLP‐1R decreased in the SCI model. Administration of sitagliptin significantly increased GLP‐1R protein level, alleviated neuronal apoptosis, enhanced axon regeneration and improved functional recovery following SCI. Nevertheless, treatment with exendin9‐39, a GLP‐1R inhibitor, remarkably reversed the protective effect of sitagliptin. Additionally, we detected the AMPK/PGC‐1α signalling pathway was activated by sitagliptin stimulating GLP‐1R. Taken together, sitagliptin may be a potential agent for axon regrowth and locomotor functional repair via GLP‐1R‐induced AMPK/ PGC‐1α signalling pathway after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Han
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiangting Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dingwen Chen
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mingqiao Fang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guangheng Xiang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hangxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Xie
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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8
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Mariosa D, Kamel F, Bellocco R, Ronnevi LO, Almqvist C, Larsson H, Ye W, Fang F. Antidiabetics, statins and the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:1010-1016. [PMID: 32097525 PMCID: PMC10957794 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medications that are used for treatment of metabolic disorders have been suggested to be associated with the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). METHODS To examine the associations of antidiabetics and statins with the subsequent risk of ALS we conducted a population-based nested case-control study of 2475 Swedish residents diagnosed with ALS during July 2006 to December 2013 and 12 375 population controls (five for each ALS case). We extracted information on filled prescriptions of antidiabetics and statins for both cases and controls from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register during the years before ALS diagnosis. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the associations of these medications with ALS risk. RESULTS Patients with ALS were less likely to have been prescribed with antidiabetics compared with controls [OR, 0.76; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.65-0.90]. Conversely, statins were not associated with ALS risk overall (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.98-1.19), although a positive association was noted among women (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.10-1.48). The latter association was mostly explained by ALS cases being more likely to have a first prescription of statins during the year before diagnosis compared with controls (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.84-3.49). CONCLUSIONS The inverse association of antidiabetics with ALS is consistent with the previously reported inverse association between type 2 diabetes and ALS risk. The increase in prescription of statins during the year before ALS diagnosis deserves attention because it might reflect an acceleration of the course of ALS due to statin use.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Mariosa
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F. Kamel
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - R. Bellocco
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - L.-O. Ronnevi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - C. Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Lung and Allergy Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm
| | - H. Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro
| | - W. Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F. Fang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zhang D, Ma M, Liu Y. Protective Effects of Incretin Against Age-Related Diseases. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:793-806. [PMID: 31622202 DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666191010145029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Incretin contains two peptides named glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) and glucose-dependent
insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Drug therapy using incretin has become a new strategy for diabetic
treatments due to its significant effects on improving insulin receptors and promoting insulinotropic
secretion. Considering the fact that diabetes millitus is a key risk factor for almost all age-related diseases,
the extensive protective roles of incretin in chronic diseases have received great attention. Based
on the evidence from animal experiments, where incretin can protect against the pathophysiological
processes of neurodegenerative diseases, clinical trials for the treatments of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
and Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients are currently ongoing. Moreover, the protective effect of incretin
on heart has been observed in cardiac myocytes, smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells of vessels.
Meanwhile, incretin can also inhibit the proliferation of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells, which can
induce atherosclerogenesis. Incretin is also beneficial for diabetic microvascular complications, including
nephropathy, retinopathy and gastric ulcer, as well as the hepatic-related diseases such as NAFLD
and NASH. Besides, the anti-tumor properties of incretin have been proven in diverse cancers including
ovarian cancer, pancreas cancer, prostate cancer and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Chemistry Department, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Mingzhu Ma
- Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yueze Liu
- Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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10
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Erbil D, Eren CY, Demirel C, Küçüker MU, Solaroğlu I, Eser HY. GLP-1's role in neuroprotection: a systematic review. Brain Inj 2019; 33:734-819. [PMID: 30938196 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2019.1587000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a target for treatment of diabetes; however, its function in the brain is not well studied. In this systematic review, we aimed to analyze the neuroprotective role of GLP-1 and its defined mechanisms. Methods: We searched 'Web of Science' and 'Pubmed' to identify relevant studies using GLP-1 as the keyword. Two hundred and eighty-nine clinical and preclinical studies have been included. Data have been presented by grouping neurodegenerative, neurovascular and specific cell culture models. Results: Recent literature shows that GLP-1 and its agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors and combined GLP-1/GIP molecules are effective in partially or fully reversing the effects of neurotoxic compounds, neurovascular complications of diabetes, neuropathological changes related with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease or vascular occlusion. Possible mechanisms that provide neuroprotection are enhancing the viability of the neurons and restoring neurite outgrowth by increased neurotrophic factors, increasing subventricular zone progenitor cells, decreasing apoptosis, decreasing the level of pro-inflammatory factors, and strengthening blood-brain barrier. Conclusion: Based on the preclinical studies, GLP-1 modifying agents are promising targets for neuroprotection. On the other hand, the number of clinical studies that investigate GLP-1 as a treatment is low and further clinical trials are needed for a benchside to bedside translation of recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Erbil
- a School of Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Candan Yasemin Eren
- b Research Center for Translational Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Cağrı Demirel
- a School of Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | | | - Ihsan Solaroğlu
- a School of Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey.,b Research Center for Translational Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Hale Yapıcı Eser
- a School of Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey.,b Research Center for Translational Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
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11
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Wang L, Liu Y, Xu Y, Sheng J, Pan D, Wang X, Yan J, Yang R, Yang M. Age-related change of GLP-1R expression in rats can be detected by [ 18F]AlF-NOTA-MAL-Cys 39-exendin-4. Brain Res 2018; 1698:213-219. [PMID: 30144405 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) has been demonstrated as a potential therapeutic target for some neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and stroke. Besides, its distribution and density in brain regions are closely associated with cognition, motor function, learning and memory. Given the relationship between age and these neurological diseases, we firstly examined the influences of age on GLP-1R expression using [18F]AlF-NOTA-MAL-Cys39-exendin-4 microPET imaging. The image showed that GLP-1R expression in nearly all regions of the brain of aged rats was evidently lower than that of normal rats. Significant differences were found in olfactory, striatum, hypothalamus, substantial nigra, and hippocampus, which have inseparable relations with some mental and neurological diseases such as PD and AD. Data obtained from biodistribution and immunohistochemistry staining also confirmed the image results. Taken together, these results illustrated decreased expression of GLP-1R in the brain of aged rats can be detected by [18F]AlF-NOTA-MAL-Cys39-exendin-4, which implied GLP-1R as a reliable target and GLP-1R PET imaging could be a promising technology in the field of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, Jiangsu, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Donghui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, Jiangsu, China
| | - Runlin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Zhang D, Lv G. Therapeutic potential of spinal GLP-1 receptor signaling. Peptides 2018; 101:89-94. [PMID: 29329976 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
GLP-1 signaling pathway has been well studied for its role in regulating glucose homeostasis, as well as its beneficial effects in energy and nutrient metabolism. A number of drugs based on GLP-1 have been used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. GLP-1R is expressed in multiple organs and numerous experimental studies have demonstrated that GLP-1 signaling pathway exhibits pro-survival functions in various disorders. In the central nervous system, stimulation of GLP-1R produces neuroprotective effects in specific neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The preproglucagon neurons located in the brainstem can also produce GLP-1. GLP-1 analogs have a long-acting effect and are able to pass the blood-brain barrier, which probably extends the therapeutic efficacy of GLP-1R activation. Neurodegenerative or traumatic conditions can damage the spinal cord and result in motor and sensory dysfunction. Evidence supports that GLP-1R activation in the spinal cord possesses beneficial effects and significant therapeutic potential. Herein, we review studies that have focused on GLP-1 and the spinal cord, and summarize the expression of GLP-1R and the innervation of PPG neurons in the spinal cord, as well as the potential therapeutic benefits of GLP-1R activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Gang Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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13
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Li Y, Li L, Hölscher C. Incretin-based therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus is promising for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Rev Neurosci 2018; 27:689-711. [PMID: 27276528 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Incretin hormones include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Due to their promising action on insulinotropic secretion and improving insulin resistance (IR), incretin-based therapies have become a new class of antidiabetic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recently, the links between neurodegenerative diseases and T2DM have been identified in a number of studies, which suggested that shared mechanisms, such as insulin dysregulation or IR, may underlie these conditions. Therefore, the effects of incretins in neurodegenerative diseases have been extensively investigated. Protease-resistant long-lasting GLP-1 mimetics such as lixisenatide, liraglutide, and exenatide not only have demonstrated promising effects for treating neurodegenerative diseases in preclinical studies but also have shown first positive results in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) patients in clinical trials. Furthermore, the effects of other related incretin-based therapies such as GIP agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, oxyntomodulin (OXM), dual GLP-1/GIP, and triple GLP-1/GIP/glucagon receptor agonists on neurodegenerative diseases have been tested in preclinical studies. Incretin-based therapies are a promising approach for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Panagaki T, Michael M, Hölscher C. Liraglutide restores chronic ER stress, autophagy impairments and apoptotic signalling in SH-SY5Y cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16158. [PMID: 29170452 PMCID: PMC5700973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that agonists of glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) receptor exert neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects across a range of experimental models of neuronal degeneration, and, recently, a pilot clinical trial of Liraglutide in Alzheimer’s disease patients showed improvements in cerebral glucose consumption that signifies disease progression. However, the exact underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. Chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has recently emerged as a mechanism for neuronal injury, rendering it a potent therapeutic target for acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we investigate the neuroprotective effects of Liraglutide along with the signalling network against prolong ER stress and autophagy impairments induced by the non-competitive inhibitor of sarco/ER Ca2+-ATPase, thapsigargin. We show that Liraglutide modulates the ER stress response and elicits ER proteostasis and autophagy machinery homeostasis in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. These effects correlate with resolution of hyper-activity of the antioxidant Nrf2 factor and restoration of the impaired cell viability and proliferation. Mechanistically, Liraglutide engages Akt and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signalling to favour adaptive responses and shift cell fate from apoptosis to survival under chronic stress conditions in SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Panagaki
- Biomedical & Life Sciences Division, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Maria Michael
- Biomedical & Life Sciences Division, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Biomedical & Life Sciences Division, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK.
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15
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The Neuroprotection of Liraglutide Against Ischaemia-induced Apoptosis through the Activation of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK Pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26859. [PMID: 27240461 PMCID: PMC4886514 DOI: 10.1038/srep26859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that increases glucose-dependent insulin secretion to reduce the glucose level. Liraglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 analogue, has been found to have neuroprotective action in various experimental models. However, the protective mechanisms of liraglutide in ischaemic stroke remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that liraglutide significantly decreased the infarct volume, improved neurologic deficits, and lowered stress-related hyperglycaemia without causing hypoglycaemia in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Liraglutide inhibited cell apoptosis by reducing excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improving the function of mitochondria in neurons under oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro and MCAO in vivo. Liraglutide up-regulated the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and inhibited the phosphorylation of c-jun-NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. Moreover, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 and/or the ERK inhibitor U0126 counteracted the protective effect of liraglutide. Taken together, these results suggest that liraglutide exerts neuroprotective action against ischaemia-induced apoptosis through the reduction of ROS and the activation of the PI3K/AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Therefore, liraglutide has therapeutic potential for patients with ischaemic stroke, especially those with Type 2 diabetes mellitus or stress hyperglycaemia.
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16
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The glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP) receptor as a therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease: mechanisms of action. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:802-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Irvin CW, Kim RB, Mitchell CS. Seeking homeostasis: temporal trends in respiration, oxidation, and calcium in SOD1 G93A Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:248. [PMID: 26190973 PMCID: PMC4486844 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairments in mitochondria, oxidative regulation, and calcium homeostasis have been well documented in numerous Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) experimental models, especially in the superoxide dismutase 1 glycine 93 to alanine (SOD1 G93A) transgenic mouse. However, the timing of these deficiencies has been debatable. In a systematic review of 45 articles, we examine experimental measurements of cellular respiration, mitochondrial mechanisms, oxidative markers, and calcium regulation. We evaluate the quantitative magnitude and statistical temporal trend of these aggregated assessments in high transgene copy SOD1 G93A mice compared to wild type mice. Analysis of overall trends reveals cellular respiration, intracellular adenosine triphosphate, and corresponding mitochondrial elements (Cox, cytochrome c, complex I, enzyme activity) are depressed for the entire lifespan of the SOD1 G93A mouse. Oxidant markers (H2O2, 8OH2'dG, MDA) are initially similar to wild type but are double that of wild type by the time of symptom onset despite early post-natal elevation of protective heat shock proteins. All aspects of calcium regulation show early disturbances, although a notable and likely compensatory convergence to near wild type levels appears to occur between 40 and 80 days (pre-onset), followed by a post-onset elevation in intracellular calcium. The identified temporal trends and compensatory fluctuations provide evidence that the "cause" of ALS may lay within failed homeostatic regulation, itself, rather than any one particular perturbing event or cellular mechanism. We discuss the vulnerabilities of motoneurons to regulatory instability and possible hypotheses regarding failed regulation and its potential treatment in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron W Irvin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology - Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Renaid B Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology - Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Cassie S Mitchell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology - Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
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18
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Muscogiuri G, Cignarelli A, Giorgino F, Prodam F, Santi D, Tirabassi G, Balercia G, Modica R, Faggiano A, Colao A. GLP-1: benefits beyond pancreas. J Endocrinol Invest 2014; 37:1143-53. [PMID: 25107343 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-014-0137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an intestinal hormone secreted after the ingestion of various nutrients. The main role of GLP-1 is to stimulate insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. However, the expression of GLP-1 receptor was found to be expressed in a variety of tissues beyond pancreas such as lung, stomach, intestine, kidney, heart and brain. Beyond pancreas, a beneficial effect of GLP-1 on body weight reduction has been shown, suggesting its role for the treatment of obesity. In addition, GLP-1 has been demonstrated to reduce cardiovascular risk factors and to have a direct cardioprotective effect, fostering heart recovery after ischemic injury. Further, data from both experimental animal models and human studies have shown beneficial effect of GLP-1 on bone metabolism, either directly or indirectly on bone cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We review here the recent findings of the extra-pancreatic effects of GLP-1 focusing on both basic and clinical studies, thus opening future perspectives to the use of GLP-1 analogs for the treatment of disease beyond type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION Finally, the GLP-1 has been demonstrated to have a beneficial effect on both vascular, degenerative diseases of central nervous system and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Muscogiuri
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University "Federico II", Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples, Italy,
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19
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Ismailov SM, Barykova YA, Shmarov MM, Tarantul VZ, Barskov IV, Kucheryanu VG, Brylev LV, Logunov DY, Tutykhina IL, Bocharov EV, Zakharova MN, Narodizky BS, Illarioshkin SN. Experimental approach to the gene therapy of motor neuron disease with the use of genes hypoxia-inducible factors. RUSS J GENET+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795414050056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Greig NH, Tweedie D, Rachmany L, Li Y, Rubovitch V, Schreiber S, Chiang YH, Hoffer BJ, Miller J, Lahiri DK, Sambamurti K, Becker RE, Pick CG. Incretin mimetics as pharmacologic tools to elucidate and as a new drug strategy to treat traumatic brain injury. Alzheimers Dement 2014; 10:S62-75. [PMID: 24529527 PMCID: PMC4201593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), either as an isolated injury or in conjunction with other injuries, is an increasingly common event. An estimated 1.7 million injuries occur within the USA each year and 10 million people are affected annually worldwide. Indeed, nearly one third (30.5%) of all injury-related deaths in the USA are associated with TBI, which will soon outpace many common diseases as the major cause of death and disability. Associated with a high morbidity and mortality and no specific therapeutic treatment, TBI has become a pressing public health and medical problem. The highest incidence of TBI occurs in young adults (15-24 years age) and in the elderly (≥75 years of age). Older individuals are particularly vulnerable to these types of injury, often associated with falls, and have shown increased mortality and worse functional outcome after lower initial injury severity. In addition, a new and growing form of TBI, blast injury, associated with the detonation of improvised explosive devices in the war theaters of Iraq and Afghanistan, are inflicting a wave of unique casualties of immediate impact to both military personnel and civilians, for which long-term consequences remain unknown and may potentially be catastrophic. The neuropathology underpinning head injury is becoming increasingly better understood. Depending on severity, TBI induces immediate neuropathologic effects that, for the mildest form, may be transient; however, with increasing severity, these injuries cause cumulative neural damage and degeneration. Even with mild TBI, which represents the majority of cases, a broad spectrum of neurologic deficits, including cognitive impairments, can manifest that may significantly influence quality of life. Further, TBI can act as a conduit to longer term neurodegenerative disorders. Prior studies of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists have demonstrated neurotrophic/neuroprotective activities across a broad spectrum of cellular and animal models of chronic neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) and acute cerebrovascular (stroke) disorders. In view of the mechanisms underpinning these disorders as well as TBI, we review the literature and recent studies assessing GLP-1 receptor agonists as a potential treatment strategy for mild to moderate TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lital Rachmany
- Department of Anatomy & Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yazhou Li
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vardit Rubovitch
- Department of Anatomy & Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shaul Schreiber
- Department of Psychiatry, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Debomoy K Lahiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kumar Sambamurti
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Robert E Becker
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Aristea Translational Medicine, Park City, UT, USA
| | - Chaim G Pick
- Department of Anatomy & Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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21
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Advances in cellular models to explore the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:966-83. [PMID: 24198229 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most common adult-onset motor neuron disorder, is fatal for most patients less than 3 years from when the first symptoms appear. The aetiologies for sporadic and most familial forms of ALS are unknown, but genetic factors are increasingly recognized as causal in a subset of patients. Studies of disease physiology suggest roles for oxidative stress, glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity or protein aggregation; how these pathways interact in the complex pathophysiology of ALS awaits elucidation. Cellular models are being used to examine disease mechanisms. Recent advances include the availability of expanded cell types, from neuronal or glial cell culture to motoneuron-astrocyte co-culture genetically or environmentally modified. Cell culture experiments confirmed the central role of glial cells in ALS. The recent adaptation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) for ALS modeling could allow a broader perspective and is expected to generate new hypotheses, related particularly to mechanisms underlying genetic factors. Cellular models have provided meaningful advances in the understanding of ALS, but, to date, complete characterization of in vitro models is only partially described. Consensus on methodological approaches, strategies for validation and techniques that allow rapid adaptation to new genetic or environmental influences is needed. In this article, we review the principal cellular models being employed in ALS and highlight their contribution to the understanding of disease mechanisms. We conclude with recommendations on means to enhance the robustness and generalizability of the different concepts for experimental ALS.
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22
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Jawaid A, Paganoni S, Hauser C, Schulz PE. Trials of antidiabetic drugs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: proceed with caution? NEURODEGENER DIS 2013; 13:205-8. [PMID: 24107404 DOI: 10.1159/000353158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder with limited therapeutic options. Clinical trials of several drugs shown to be effective in the superoxide dismutase (SOD1) model of ALS have shown no or negative effects when tested in humans. Here we discuss the role of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist, which failed to show efficacy in a recently published phase II clinical trial of ALS patients. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of pioglitazone make it an attractive therapeutic candidate for neurodegenerative disorders. However, its antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic effects might be detrimental, as emerging evidence suggests that some features of the metabolic syndrome may be protective in ALS. A number of clinical studies show that dyslipidemia, high body mass index, and possibly diabetes mellitus type 2 are associated with better clinical outcomes in ALS. This is further corroborated by studies on transgenic animal models and immortalized neuronal cell lines. Finally, the intricate interplay between glucose/lipid metabolism and susceptibility to oxidative damage in neurons warrants a judicious approach in further trials of antidiabetic drugs in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jawaid
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich/Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Sun H, Bénardais K, Stanslowsky N, Thau-Habermann N, Hensel N, Huang D, Claus P, Dengler R, Stangel M, Petri S. Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells and MSC conditioned medium in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)--in vitro evidence from primary motor neuron cultures, NSC-34 cells, astrocytes and microglia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72926. [PMID: 24069165 PMCID: PMC3771979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) improves functional outcome in the SOD1G93A mouse model of the degenerative motor neuron disorder amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) as well as in models of other neurological disorders. We have now investigated the effect of the interaction between MSC and motor neurons (derived from both non-transgenic and mutant SOD1G93A transgenic mice), NSC-34 cells and glial cells (astrocytes, microglia) (derived again from both non-transgenic and mutant SOD1G93A ALS transgenic mice) in vitro. In primary motor neurons, NSC-34 cells and astrocytes, MSC conditioned medium (MSC CM) attenuated staurosporine (STS) - induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Studying MSC CM-induced expression of neurotrophic factors in astrocytes and NSC-34 cells, we found that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) gene expression in astrocytes were significantly enhanced by MSC CM, with differential responses of non-transgenic and mutant astrocytes. Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in NSC-34 cells was significantly upregulated upon MSC CM-treatment. MSC CM significantly reduced the expression of the cytokines TNFα and IL-6 and iNOS both in transgenic and non-transgenic astrocytes. Gene expression of the neuroprotective chemokine Fractalkine (CX3CL1) was also upregulated in mutant SOD1G93A transgenic astrocytes by MSC CM treatment. Correspondingly, MSC CM increased the respective receptor, CX3CR1, in mutant SOD1G93A transgenic microglia. Our data demonstrate that MSC modulate motor neuronal and glial response to apoptosis and inflammation. MSC therefore represent an interesting candidate for further preclinical and clinical evaluation in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karelle Bénardais
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nancy Stanslowsky
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nadine Thau-Habermann
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Niko Hensel
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - DongYa Huang
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter Claus
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dengler
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Stangel
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Petri
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
- Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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