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Öz-Arslan D, Durer ZA, Kan B. G protein-coupled receptor-mediated autophagy in health and disease. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38501194 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest and most diverse superfamily of mammalian transmembrane proteins. These receptors are involved in a wide range of physiological functions and are targets for more than a third of available drugs in the market. Autophagy is a cellular process involved in degrading damaged proteins and organelles and in recycling cellular components. Deficiencies in autophagy are involved in a variety of pathological conditions. Both GPCRs and autophagy are essential in preserving homeostasis and cell survival. There is emerging evidence suggesting that GPCRs are direct regulators of autophagy. Additionally, autophagic machinery is involved in the regulation of GPCR signalling. The interplay between GPCR and autophagic signalling mechanisms significantly impacts on health and disease; however, there is still an incomplete understanding of the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic implications in different tissues and disease contexts. This review aims to discuss the interactions between GPCR and autophagy signalling. Studies on muscarinic receptors, beta-adrenoceptors, taste receptors, purinergic receptors and adhesion GPCRs are summarized, in relation to autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Öz-Arslan
- Department of Biophysics, Acibadem MAA University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Aslıhan Durer
- Department of Biophysics, Acibadem MAA University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biochemistry, Acibadem MAA University, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beki Kan
- Department of Biophysics, Acibadem MAA University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Tian X, Huang Z, Wang Y, Qi X, Wang D, Liu Z, Cheng Y. Xinbao Pill attenuated chronic heart failure by suppressing the ubiquitination of β-adrenergic receptors. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 115:154830. [PMID: 37149964 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Xinbao Pill (XBP) is extensively used in the adjuvant treatment of chronic heart failure in China. However, the pharmacological effect and underlying mechanism on CHF remains unclear. PURPOSE Our research was performed to investigate the cardioprotective effect of XBP against CHF and uncover the potential mechanism. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to the left anterior descending (LAD) artery ligation for 8 weeks and were treated with different doses of XBP (from the 4th week to the end). Cardiac function and morphology assessment were performed by using M-mode echocardiography, H&E and Masson staining. Western blotting analysis, co-immunoprecipitation (IP) assays, siRNA transfection were used to evaluate the mechanism of XBP. RESULTS XBP improved cardiac function and alleviated cardiac fibrosis in LAD-induced chronic heart failure rats. Meanwhile, XBP protected cardiomyocytes against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) injury in AC16 cells and H9c2 cells. Additionally, XBP could increase the expression of β1-AR and β2-AR and inhibit their ubiquitanation. Further mechanism study showed that XBP upregulated USP18 expression, while silence of USP18 attenuated the cardioprotective effect of XBP and the increase of β1-AR by XBP. Moreover, XBP increased MDM2 and β-arrestin2, and disrupted the interaction between Nedd4 and β2-AR. After using the inhibitor of MDM2, SP141, the cardioprotective effect of XBP and the inhibitory effect on the ubiquitanation of β2-AR were also blocked. CONCLUSION Our study firstly revealed that XBP improved cardiac function against CHF through suppressing USP18 and MDM2/β-arrestin2/Nedd4-mediated the ubiquitination of β1-AR and β2-AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Tian
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong Key Laboratory for translational Cancer research of Chinese Medicine, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong Key Laboratory for translational Cancer research of Chinese Medicine, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yuanping Wang
- Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, 528333, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qi
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong Key Laboratory for translational Cancer research of Chinese Medicine, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, 528333, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong Key Laboratory for translational Cancer research of Chinese Medicine, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong Key Laboratory for translational Cancer research of Chinese Medicine, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
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Clark HI, Pearson MJ, Smart NA. Rate adaptive pacing in people with chronic heart failure increases peak heart rate but not peak exercise capacity: a systematic review. Heart Fail Rev 2023; 28:21-34. [PMID: 35138522 PMCID: PMC9902309 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-022-10217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rate adaptive cardiac pacing (RAP) allows increased heart rate (HR) in response to metabolic demand in people with implantable electronic cardiac devices (IECD). The aim of this work was to conduct a systematic review to determine if RAP increases peak exercise capacity (peak VO2) in line with peak HR in people with chronic heart failure. We conducted a systematic literature search from 1980, when IECD and RAP were first introduced, until 31 July 2021. Databases searched include PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, EBSCO, and the Clinical Trials Register. A comprehensive search of the literature produced a total of 246 possible studies; of these, 14 studies were included. Studies and subsequent analyses were segregated according to comparison, specifically standard RAP (RAPON) vs fixed rate pacing (RAPOFF), and tailored RAP (TLD RAPON) vs standard RAP (RAPON). Pooled analyses were conducted for peak VO2 and peak HR for RAPON vs RAPOFF. Peak HR significantly increased by 15 bpm with RAPON compared to RAPOFF (95%CI, 7.98-21.97, P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference between pacing mode for peak VO2 0.45 ml kg-1 min-1 (95%CI, - 0.55-1.47, P = 0.38). This systematic review revealed RAP increased peak HR in people with CHF; however, there was no concomitant improvement in peak VO2. Rather RAP may provide benefits at submaximal intensities by controlling the rise in HR to optimise cardiac output at lower workloads. HR may be an important outcome of CHF management, reflecting myocardial efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. I. Clark
- grid.1020.30000 0004 1936 7371School of Science & Technology, Exercise & Sports Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW Australia
| | - M. J. Pearson
- grid.1020.30000 0004 1936 7371School of Science & Technology, Exercise & Sports Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW Australia
| | - N. A. Smart
- grid.1020.30000 0004 1936 7371School of Science & Technology, Exercise & Sports Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW Australia
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4
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Köck Z, Ermel U, Martin J, Morgner N, Achilleas Frangakis S, Dötsch V, Hilger D, Bernhard F. Biochemical characterization of cell-free synthesized human β 1 adrenergic receptor cotranslationally inserted into nanodiscs. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167687. [PMID: 35717996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free expression enables direct cotranslational insertion of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and other membrane proteins into the defined membrane environments of nanodiscs. This technique avoids GPCR contacts with detergents and allows rapid identification of lipid effects on GPCR function as well as fast screening of receptor derivatives. Critical steps of conventional GPCR preparation from cellular membranes followed by detergent-based reconstitution into nanodisc membranes are thus eliminated. We report the efficient cotranslational insertion of full-length human β1-adrenergic receptor and of a truncated derivative into preformed nanodisc membranes. Their biochemical characterization revealed significant differences in lipid requirements, dimer formation and ligand binding activity. The truncated receptor showed a higher affinity to most tested ligands, in particular in presence of choline-containing lipids. However, introducing the naturally occurring G389R polymorphism in the full-length receptor resulted into an increased affinity to the antagonists alprenolol and carvedilol. Receptor quality was generally improved by coexpression with the agonist isoproterenol and the percentage of the ligand binding active fraction was twofold increased. Specific coupling of full-length and truncated human receptors in nanodisc membranes to Mini-Gαs protein as well as to purified Gs heterotrimer could be demonstrated and homogeneity of purified GPCR/Gs protein complexes in nanodiscs was demonstrated by negative stain single particle analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Köck
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt/Main
| | - Utz Ermel
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Biophysics, Goethe University of Frankfurt/Main
| | - Janosch Martin
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University of Frankfurt/Main
| | - Nina Morgner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University of Frankfurt/Main
| | - S Achilleas Frangakis
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Biophysics, Goethe University of Frankfurt/Main
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt/Main
| | - Daniel Hilger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg
| | - Frank Bernhard
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt/Main.
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Reith RR, Sieck RL, Grijalva PC, Swanson RM, Fuller AM, Diaz DE, Schmidt TB, Yates DT, Petersen JL. Transcriptome analyses indicate that heat stress-induced inflammation in white adipose tissue and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle is partially moderated by zilpaterol supplementation in beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6515375. [PMID: 35079800 PMCID: PMC8919836 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) triggers oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and disrupts growth efficiency of livestock. β-adrenergic agonists supplemented to ruminant livestock improve growth performance, increase skeletal muscle mass, and decrease carcass fat. The objective of this study was to understand the independent and interacting effects of HS and zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) supplementation on the transcriptome of subcutaneous white adipose tissue and the longissimus dorsi muscle in steers. Twenty-four Red Angus-based steers were assigned to thermoneutral (TN; Temperature Humidity Index [THI] = 68) or HS (THI = 73-85) conditions and were not supplemented or supplemented with ZH (8.33 mg/kg/d) for 21 d in a 2 × 2 factorial. Steers in the TN condition were pair-fed to the average daily feed intake of HS steers. RNA was isolated from adipose tissue and skeletal muscle samples collected via biopsy on 3, 10, and 21 d and sequenced using 3' Tag-Seq to an achieved average depth of 3.6 million reads/sample. Transcripts, mapped to ARS-UCD1.2, were quantified. Differential expression (DE) analyses were performed in DESeq2 with a significance threshold for false discovery rate of 0.05. In adipose, 4 loci (MISP3, APOL6, SLC25A4, and S100A12) were DE due to ZH on day 3, and 2 (RRAD, ALB) were DE due to the interaction of HS and ZH on day 10 (Padj < 0.05). In muscle, 40 loci (including TENM4 and OAZ1) were DE due to ZH on day 10, and 6 loci (HIF1A, LOC101903734, PDZD9, HNRNPU, MTUS1, and TMCO6) were DE due to environment on day 21 (Padj < 0.05). To explore biological pathways altered by environment, supplement, and their interaction, loci with DE (Praw < 0.05) were evaluated in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. In adipose, 509 pathways were predicted to be altered (P < 0.01): 202 due to HS, 126 due to ZH, and 181 due to the interaction; these included inflammatory pathways predicted to be upregulated due to HS but downregulated due to the interaction of HS and ZH. In muscle, 113 pathways were predicted to be altered (P < 0.01): 23 due to HS, 66 due to ZH, and 24 due to the interaction of HS and ZH. Loci and pathway data in muscle suggest HS induced oxidative stress and that the stress response was moderated by ZH. Metabolic pathways were predicted to be altered due to HS, ZH, and their interaction in both tissues. These data provide evidence that HS and ZH interact to alter expression of genes in metabolic and immune function pathways and that ZH moderates some adverse effects of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Reith
- Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska – Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Renae L Sieck
- Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska – Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Pablo C Grijalva
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona – Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Rebecca M Swanson
- Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska – Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Anna M Fuller
- Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska – Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Duarte E Diaz
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona – Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Ty B Schmidt
- Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska – Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Dustin T Yates
- Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska – Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Jessica L Petersen
- Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska – Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA,Corresponding author:
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Rhynchosia volubilis Promotes Cell Survival via cAMP-PKA/ERK-CREB Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15010073. [PMID: 35056130 PMCID: PMC8778899 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhynchosia volubilis, a small black bean, has been used as a traditional remedy to treat diseases and maintain health in East Asia, but its cellular effects and molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ethanol extract from Rhynchosia volubilis (EERV) on cell survival and to elucidate the biochemical signaling pathways. Our results showed that EERV stimulated the cyclic AMP (cAMP) signal revealed by a fluorescent protein (FP)-based intensiometric sensor. Using a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based sensor, we further revealed that EERV could activate PKA and ERK signals, which are downstream effectors of cAMP. In addition, we reported that EERV could induce the phosphorylation of CREB, a key signal for cell survival. Thus, our results suggested that EERV protects against apoptosis by activating the cell survival pathway through the cAMP-PKA/ERK-CREB pathway.
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7
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Skagen C, Nyman TA, Peng XR, O'Mahony G, Kase ET, Rustan AC, Thoresen GH. Chronic treatment with terbutaline increases glucose and oleic acid oxidation and protein synthesis in cultured human myotubes. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100039. [PMID: 34909668 PMCID: PMC8663959 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In vivo studies have reported several beneficial metabolic effects of β-adrenergic receptor agonist administration in skeletal muscle, including increased glucose uptake, fatty acid metabolism, lipolysis and mitochondrial biogenesis. Although these effects have been widely studied in vivo, the in vitro data are limited to mouse and rat cell lines. Therefore, we sought to discover the effects of the β2-adrenergic receptor agonist terbutaline on metabolism and protein synthesis in human primary skeletal muscle cells. Methods Human cultured myotubes were exposed to terbutaline in various concentrations (0.01–30 μM) for 4 or 96 h. Thereafter uptake of [14C]deoxy-D-glucose, oxydation of [14C]glucose and [14C]oleic acid were measured. Incorporation of [14C]leucine, gene expression by qPCR and proteomics analyses by mass spectrometry by the STAGE-TIP method were performed after 96 h exposure to 1 and 10 μM of terbutaline. Results The results showed that 4 h treatment with terbutaline in concentrations up to 1 μM increased glucose uptake in human myotubes, but also decreased both glucose and oleic acid oxidation along with oleic acid uptake in concentrations of 10–30 μM. Moreover, administration of terbutaline for 96 h increased glucose uptake (in terbutaline concentrations up to 1 μM) and oxidation (1 μM), as well as oleic acid oxidation (0.1–30 μM), leucine incorporation into cellular protein (1–10 μM) and upregulated several pathways related to mitochondrial metabolism (1 μM). Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD024063. Conclusion These results suggest that β2-adrenergic receptor have direct effects in human skeletal muscle affecting fuel metabolism and net protein synthesis, effects that might be favourable for both type 2 diabetes and muscle wasting disorders. The metabolic effects of terbutaline were studied in human primary myotubes. Acute treatment with terbutaline increased glucose uptake. Chronic treatment with terbutaline increased glucose and oleic acid oxidation. Chronic treatment with terbutaline increased protein synthesis. Proteomics analysis revealed an increase in mitochondrial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Skagen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Xiao-Rong Peng
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gavin O'Mahony
- Medicinal Chemsitry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eili Tranheim Kase
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild Chr Rustan
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - G Hege Thoresen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
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8
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Yin Y, Zhang K, Wei L, Chen D, Chen Q, Jiao M, Li X, Huang J, Gong Z, Kang N, Li F. The Molecular Mechanism of Antioxidation of Huolisu Oral Liquid Based on Serum Analysis and Network Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:710976. [PMID: 34790116 PMCID: PMC8591200 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.710976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huolisu Oral Liquid (HLS), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, is an over-the-counter drug that is registered and approved by the State Food and Drug Administration (Approval No. Z51020381). HLS has been widely applied in the clinical treatment of cognitive disorders and has effects on delaying aging. The antioxidant effects of HLS are closely related to its antiaging activities, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, the potential antioxidant ingredients of HLS were screened based on serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology, and the potential mechanisms involved in HLS antioxidant effects were preliminarily explored. Further, the antioxidant effects of HLS were verified by in vivo and in vitro experiments. The results showed that potential antioxidant ingredients could affect the toxic advanced glycation end products-receptor for advanced glycation end products (TAGE-RAGE) signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, interleukin (IL)-17 signaling, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling, toll-like receptors (TLRs), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 signaling, and other related pathways by regulating GAPDH, AKT1, TP53, MAPK1, JUN, and other associated targets. Thus, HLS may reduce inflammation, control the release of inflammatory cytokines, and regulate mitochondrial autophagy and metabolic abnormalities to ultimately play an antioxidant role. This is the first study attempting to construct a multilevel network of "HLS-antioxidant targets" based on serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology to explore the relationship between HLS and antioxidation and the molecular mechanisms of antioxidation combined with bioinformatics functional analysis and lays a foundation for further elucidating the antioxidant mechanisms of HLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Longyin Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dongling Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjie Jiao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhexi Gong
- School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Nianxin Kang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Adzika GK, Hou H, Adekunle AO, Rizvi R, Adzraku SY, Li K, Deng QM, Mprah R, Ndzie Noah ML, Adu-Amankwaah J, Machuki JO, Shang W, Ma T, Koda S, Ma X, Sun H. Amlexanox and Forskolin Prevents Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiomyopathy by Subduing Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy and Maladaptive Inflammatory Responses. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:719351. [PMID: 34631707 PMCID: PMC8497899 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.719351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic catecholamine stress (CCS) induces the occurrence of cardiomyopathy-pathological cardiac hypertrophy (PCH), which is characterized by left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). Recently, mounting evidence has implicated myocardial inflammation in the exacerbation of pathological cardiac remodeling. However, there are currently no well-defined treatment interventions or regimes targeted at both the attenuation of maladaptive myocardial hypertrophy and inflammation during CCS to prevent PCH. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) and adenylyl cyclases (ACs)-cAMP mediates both cardiac and inflammatory responses. Also, GRK5 and ACs are implicated in stress-induced LVSD. Herein, we aimed at preventing PCH during CCS via modulating adaptive cardiac and inflammatory responses by inhibiting GRK5 and/or stimulating ACs. Isoproterenol-induced cardiomyopathy (ICM) was modeled using 0.5 mg/100 g/day isoproterenol injections for 40 days. Alterations in cardiac and inflammatory responses were assessed from the myocardia. Similarities in the immunogenicity of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and lipopolysaccharide under CCS were assessed, and Amlexanox (35 μM/ml) and/or Forskolin (10 μM/ml) were then employed in vitro to modulate adaptive inflammatory responses by inhibiting GRK5 or activating ACs-cAMP, respectively. Subsequently, Amlexanox (2.5 mg/100 g/day) and/or Forskolin (0.5 mg/100 g/day) were then translated into in vivo during CCS to modulate adaptive cardiac and inflammatory responses. The effects of Amlexanox and Forskolin on regulating myocardial systolic functions and inflammatory responses during CCS were ascertained afterward. PCH mice had excessive myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, and aggravated LVSD, which were accompanied by massive CD68+ inflammatory cell infiltrations. In vitro, Forskolin-AC/cAMP was effective than Amlexanox-GRK5 at downregulating proinflammatory responses during stress; nonetheless, Amlexanox and Forskolin combination demonstrated the most efficacy in modulating adaptive inflammatory responses. Individually, the translated Amlexanox and Forskolin treatment interventions were ineffective at subduing the pathological remodeling and sustaining cardiac function during CCS. However, their combination was potent at preventing LVSD during CCS by attenuating maladaptive myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, and inflammatory responses. The treatment intervention attained its potency mainly via Forskolin-ACs/cAMP-mediated modulation of cardiac and inflammatory responses, coupled with Amlexanox inhibition of GRK5 mediated maladaptive cascades. Taken together, our findings highlight the Amlexanox and Forskolin combination as a potential therapeutic intervention for preventing the occurrence of pathological cardiac hypertrophy during chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongjian Hou
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,The College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | | | | | - Seyram Yao Adzraku
- Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kexue Li
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qi-Ming Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Cardiology, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Richard Mprah
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - Wenkang Shang
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tongtong Ma
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Stephane Koda
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xianluo Ma
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, People's Hospital of Jiawang District, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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10
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de Carvalho AETS, Cordeiro MA, Rodrigues LS, Ortolani D, Spadari RC. Stress-induced differential gene expression in cardiac tissue. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9129. [PMID: 33911098 PMCID: PMC8080723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The stress response is adaptive and aims to guarantee survival. However, the persistence of a stressor can culminate in pathology. Catecholamines released as part of the stress response over activate beta adrenoceptors (β-AR) in the heart. Whether and how stress affects the expression of components of the intracellular environment in the heart is still, however, unknown. This paper used microarray to analyze the gene expression in the left ventricle wall of rats submitted to foot shock stress, treated or not treated with the selective β2-AR antagonist ICI118,551 (ICI), compared to those of non-stressed rats also treated or not with ICI, respectively. The main findings were that stress induces changes in gene expression in the heart and that β2-AR plays a role in this process. The vast majority of genes disregulated by stress were exclusive for only one of the comparisons, indicating that, in the same stressful situation, the profile of gene expression in the heart is substantially different when the β2-AR is active or when it is blocked. Stress induced alterations in the expression of such a large number of genes seems to be part of stress-induced adaptive mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elisa T S de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Stress Biology, Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Campus Baixada Santista, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim,136, sala 310, Santos, São Paulo, 11020-015, Brazil.
| | - Marco A Cordeiro
- Laboratory of Stress Biology, Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Campus Baixada Santista, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim,136, sala 310, Santos, São Paulo, 11020-015, Brazil
| | - Luana S Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Stress Biology, Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Campus Baixada Santista, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim,136, sala 310, Santos, São Paulo, 11020-015, Brazil
| | - Daniela Ortolani
- Laboratory of Stress Biology, Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Campus Baixada Santista, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim,136, sala 310, Santos, São Paulo, 11020-015, Brazil
| | - Regina C Spadari
- Laboratory of Stress Biology, Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Campus Baixada Santista, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim,136, sala 310, Santos, São Paulo, 11020-015, Brazil.
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11
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Kamiar A, Yousefi K, Dunkley JC, Webster KA, Shehadeh LA. β 2-Adrenergic receptor agonism as a therapeutic strategy for kidney disease. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R575-R587. [PMID: 33565369 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00287.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 14% of the general population suffer from chronic kidney disease that can lead to acute kidney injury (AKI), a condition with up to 50% mortality for which there is no effective treatment. Hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are the main comorbidities, and more than 660,000 Americans have kidney failure. β2-Adrenergic receptors (β2ARs) have been extensively studied in association with lung and cardiovascular disease, but with limited scope in kidney and renal diseases. β2ARs are expressed in multiple parts of the kidney including proximal and distal convoluted tubules, glomeruli, and podocytes. Classical and noncanonical β2AR signaling pathways interface with other intracellular mechanisms in the kidney to regulate important cellular functions including renal blood flow, electrolyte balance and salt handling, and tubular function that in turn exert control over critical physiology and pathology such as blood pressure and inflammatory responses. Nephroprotection through activation of β2ARs has surfaced as a promising field of investigation; however, there is limited data on the pharmacology and potential side effects of renal β2AR modulation. Here, we provide updates on some of the major areas of preclinical kidney research involving β2AR signaling that have advanced to describe molecular pathways and identify potential drug targets some of which are currently under clinical development for the treatment of kidney-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kamiar
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Keyvan Yousefi
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Julian C Dunkley
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Keith A Webster
- Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Lina A Shehadeh
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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12
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Luri-Prieto P, Candela-Gomis A, Palazón-Bru A, Navarro-Cremades F, Gil-Guillén VF, Compañ-Rosique AF. Impact of Anal Fissure on Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness: A Case-Control Study. Visc Med 2020; 37:128-133. [PMID: 33981753 DOI: 10.1159/000507382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Scientific literature on determining patterns of personality traits in patients with anal fissure is limited. Objectives To determine whether certain common psychological traits are associated with anal fissure. Methods A case-control study was carried out in Spain in 2016-2017. Patients with acute or chronic idiopathic anal fissure (n = 35) and controls (n = 32) were recruited. The main outcome measures were those defined in the NEO-FFI questionnaire, validated in Spain, which was administered to all the participants. This questionnaire evaluates the following traits: neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Results Three significant traits were noted: (1) greater neuroticism in the cases (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.08-1.32, p < 0.001, AUC 0.77), (2) greater openness to experience in the controls (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83-0.98, p = 0.015, AUC 0.69), and (3) greater conscientiousness in the controls (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83-1.00, p = 0.049, AUC 0.69). Conclusions The cases mainly presented higher levels of neuroticism and lower levels of openness to experience and conscientiousness. Further studies are needed to corroborate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Luri-Prieto
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of San Juan de Alicante, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Asunción Candela-Gomis
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of San Juan de Alicante, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Palazón-Bru
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
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13
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Jiang W, Hu X, Li F, Li G, Wang Y. Adrenoceptor Responses in Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: a Special Focus on Electrophysiological Property. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 373:429-437. [PMID: 32217769 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.265686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) have become a promising cell source for cardiovascular research. The electrophysiological characteristic of hESC-CMs has been generally studied, but little is known about electrophysiological response to adrenergic receptor (AR) activation. This study aims to characterize electrophysiological response of hESC-CMs to adrenergic stimulation in terms of the conduction velocity (CV) and action potential (AP) shape. The H9 hESC-CMs were acquired by a classic differentiation protocol and cultured to achieve confluent cell monolayers. The AP shape and CV among the monolayers were recorded using optical mapping during electrophysiological and pharmacological stimulation experiments. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were adopted to determine the expression levels of Connexin and ion channel gene and protein. Chronic β-AR stimulation by isoproterenol for 24 hours in hESC-CM monolayers increased CV by approximately 50%, whereas α-AR or acute β-AR stimulation had no significant effect; chronic β-AR stimulation resulted in a significant Connexin (Cx) 43 and Nav1.5 upregulation at both protein and mRNA level. Isoproterenol-induced CV accelerating and Cx43 and Nav1.5 upregulation in hESC-CMs, which was attenuated by selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonist CGP 20712A but not selective β2-antagonist ICI 118551. Moreover, pretreatment with protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) inhibitor SB203580, and MAPK inhibitor PD98059 suppressed the isoproterenol-induced CV accelerating and Cx43 upregulation, whereas it had no significant effect on Nav1.5 upregulation. The AP shape in hESC-CM monolayers was less susceptible by either β-AR or α-AR stimulation. It was β1-AR not β2-AR contributing to the modification of conduction velocity among hESC-CM monolayers. Chronic β1-AR stimulation accelerates CV by upregulating Cx43 via PKA/MEK/MAPK pathway. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: These data provide new insight into the electrophysiological characteristics of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) and depict a concise signaling pathway in the adrenergic receptor (AR) regulation of action potential shape and electrical propagation across hESC-CM monolayer. It is β1-AR not β2-AR contributing to the modification of conduction velocity in hESC-CMs and accelerating conduction velocity by upregulating Connexin 43 via protein kinase A/ mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase/MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Jiang
- Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery (X.H., F.L., G.L., Y.W.) and Gastroenterology (W.J.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.W.)
| | - Xingjian Hu
- Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery (X.H., F.L., G.L., Y.W.) and Gastroenterology (W.J.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.W.)
| | - Fei Li
- Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery (X.H., F.L., G.L., Y.W.) and Gastroenterology (W.J.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.W.)
| | - Geng Li
- Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery (X.H., F.L., G.L., Y.W.) and Gastroenterology (W.J.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.W.)
| | - Yin Wang
- Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery (X.H., F.L., G.L., Y.W.) and Gastroenterology (W.J.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.W.)
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14
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Yang KE, Jang HJ, Hwang IH, Hong EM, Lee MG, Lee S, Jang IS, Choi JS. Stereoisomer-specific ginsenoside 20( S)-Rg3 reverses replicative senescence of human diploid fibroblasts via Akt-mTOR-Sirtuin signaling. J Ginseng Res 2020; 44:341-349. [PMID: 32148417 PMCID: PMC7031753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The replicative senescence of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) is accompanied by growth arrest. In our previous study, the treatment of senescent HDFs with Rg3(S) lowered the intrinsic reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and reversed cellular senescence by inducing peroxiredoxin-3, an antioxidant enzyme. However, the signaling pathways involved in Rg3(S)-induced senescence reversal in HDFs and the relatedness of the stereoisomer Rg3(R) in corresponding signaling pathways are not known yet. METHODS We performed senescence-associated β-galactosidase and cell cycle assays in Rg3(S)-treated senescent HDFs. The levels of ROS, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as well as the mitochondrial DNA copy number, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+/1,4-dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) ratio, and NAD-dependent sirtuins expression were measured and compared among young, old, and Rg3(S)-pretreated old HDFs. Major signaling pathways of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and sirtuin 1/3, including cell cycle regulatory proteins, were examined by immunoblot analysis. RESULTS Ginsenoside Rg3(S) reversed the replicative senescence of HDFs by restoring the ATP level and NAD+/NADH ratio in downregulated senescent HDFs. Rg3(S) recovered directly the cellular levels of ROS and the NAD+/NADH ratio in young HDFs inactivated by rotenone. Rg3(S) mainly downregulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt through the inhibition of mTOR by cell cycle regulators like p53/p21 in senescent HDFs, whereas Rg3(R) did not alter the corresponding signaling pathways. Rg3(S)-activated sirtuin 3/PGC1α to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis. CONCLUSION Cellular molecular analysis suggests that Rg3(S) specifically reverses the replicative senescence of HDFs by modulating Akt-mTOR-sirtuin signaling to promote the biogenesis of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Eun Yang
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Jang
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hu Hwang
- Neuroscience Research institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Hong
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Goo Lee
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Lee
- Division of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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15
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Packer M. Autophagy stimulation and intracellular sodium reduction as mediators of the cardioprotective effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. Eur J Heart Fail 2020; 22:618-628. [PMID: 32037659 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In five large-scale trials involving >40 000 patients, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors decreased the risk of serious heart failure events by 25-40%. This effect cannot be explained by control of hyperglycaemia, since it is not observed with antidiabetic drugs with greater glucose-lowering effects. It cannot be attributed to ketogenesis, since it is not causally linked to ketone body production, and the benefit is not enhanced in patients with diabetes. The effect cannot be ascribed to a natriuretic action, since SGLT2 inhibitors decrease natriuretic peptides only modestly, and they reduce cardiovascular death, a benefit that diuretics do not possess. Although SGLT2 inhibitors increase red blood cell mass, enhanced erythropoiesis does not favourably influence the course of heart failure. By contrast, experimental studies suggest that SGLT2 inhibitors may reduce intracellular sodium, thereby preventing oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte death. Additionally, SGLT2 inhibitors induce a transcriptional paradigm that mimics nutrient and oxygen deprivation, which includes activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, sirtuin-1, and/or hypoxia-inducible factors-1α/2α. The interplay of these mediators stimulates autophagy, a lysosomally-mediated degradative pathway that maintains cellular homeostasis. Autophagy-mediated clearance of damaged organelles reduces inflammasome activation, thus mitigating cardiomyocyte dysfunction and coronary microvascular injury. Interestingly, the action of hypoxia-inducible factors-1α/2α to both stimulate erythropoietin and induce autophagy may explain why erythrocytosis is strongly correlated with the reduction in heart failure events. Therefore, the benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors on heart failure may be mediated by a direct cardioprotective action related to modulation of pathways responsible for cardiomyocyte homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Imperial College, London, UK
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16
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Carbajal-García A, Reyes-García J, Montaño LM. Androgen Effects on the Adrenergic System of the Vascular, Airway, and Cardiac Myocytes and Their Relevance in Pathological Processes. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:8849641. [PMID: 33273918 PMCID: PMC7676939 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8849641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Androgen signaling comprises nongenomic and genomic pathways. Nongenomic actions are not related to the binding of the androgen receptor (AR) and occur rapidly. The genomic effects implicate the binding to a cytosolic AR, leading to protein synthesis. Both events are independent of each other. Genomic effects have been associated with different pathologies such as vascular ischemia, hypertension, asthma, and cardiovascular diseases. Catecholamines play a crucial role in regulating vascular smooth muscle (VSM), airway smooth muscle (ASM), and cardiac muscle (CM) function and tone. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is an updated analysis of the role of androgens in the adrenergic system of vascular, airway, and cardiac myocytes. Body. Testosterone (T) favors vasoconstriction, and its concentration fluctuation during life stages can affect the vascular tone and might contribute to the development of hypertension. In the VSM, T increases α1-adrenergic receptors (α 1-ARs) and decreases adenylyl cyclase expression, favoring high blood pressure and hypertension. Androgens have also been associated with asthma. During puberty, girls are more susceptible to present asthma symptoms than boys because of the increment in the plasmatic concentrations of T in young men. In the ASM, β 2-ARs are responsible for the bronchodilator effect, and T augments the expression of β 2-ARs evoking an increase in the relaxing response to salbutamol. The levels of T are also associated with an increment in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk. In the CM, activation of α 1A-ARs and β 2-ARs increases the ionotropic activity, leading to the development of contraction, and T upregulates the expression of both receptors and improves the myocardial performance. CONCLUSIONS Androgens play an essential role in the adrenergic system of vascular, airway, and cardiac myocytes, favoring either a state of health or disease. While the use of androgens as a therapeutic tool for treating asthma symptoms or heart disease is proposed, the vascular system is warmly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abril Carbajal-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Jorge Reyes-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Luis M. Montaño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
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17
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Zhang Y, Zhu M, Zhang F, Zhang S, Du W, Xiao X. Integrating Pharmacokinetics Study, Network Analysis, and Experimental Validation to Uncover the Mechanism of Qiliqiangxin Capsule Against Chronic Heart Failure. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1046. [PMID: 31619994 PMCID: PMC6759796 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to propose an integrated strategy for investigating the mechanism of Qiliqiangxin capsule (QLQX) to treat chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods: Pharmacokinetics analysis was performed to screen the active components of QLQX using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry techniques. We then constructed the component-target network between the targets of active components in QLQX and CHF using Cytoscape. A network analysis, including topological parameters, clustering, and pathway enrichment, was established to identify the hub targets and pathways. Finally, some of the predicted hub targets were validated experimentally in human cardiac microvascular endothelial cell (HCMEC). Results: We identified 29 active components in QLQX, and 120 consensus potential targets were determined by the pharmacokinetics analysis and network pharmacology approach. Further network analysis indicated that 6 target genes, namely, VEGFA, CYP1A1, CYP2B6, ATP1A1, STAT3, and STAT4, and 10 predicted functional genes, namely, KDR, FLT1, NRP2, JAK2, EGFR, IL-6, AHR, ATP1B1, JAK1, and HIF1A, may be the primary targets regulated by QLQX for the treatment of CHF. Among these targets, VEGFA, IL-6, p-STAT3, and p-JAK2 were selected for validation in the HCMEC. The results indicated that QLQX may inhibit inflammatory processes and promote angiogenesis in CHF via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Conclusions: This study provides a strategy for understanding the mechanism of QLQX against CHF by combining pharmacokinetics study, network pharmacology, and experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Graduate, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingdan Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Fugeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaoqiang Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wuxun Du
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuefeng Xiao
- School of Graduate, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Abstract
Cardiac ageing manifests as a decline in function leading to heart failure. At the cellular level, ageing entails decreased replicative capacity and dysregulation of cellular processes in myocardial and nonmyocyte cells. Various extrinsic parameters, such as lifestyle and environment, integrate important signalling pathways, such as those involving inflammation and oxidative stress, with intrinsic molecular mechanisms underlying resistance versus progression to cellular senescence. Mitigation of cardiac functional decline in an ageing organism requires the activation of enhanced maintenance and reparative capacity, thereby overcoming inherent endogenous limitations to retaining a youthful phenotype. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying dysregulation of cellular function and renewal reveals potential interventional targets to attenuate degenerative processes at the cellular and systemic levels to improve quality of life for our ageing population. In this Review, we discuss the roles of extrinsic and intrinsic factors in cardiac ageing. Animal models of cardiac ageing are summarized, followed by an overview of the current and possible future treatments to mitigate the deleterious effects of cardiac ageing.
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19
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Broughton KM. Prevalence of comorbidities in heart failure patients and those treated with cellular therapeutics. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2019; 17:597-604. [PMID: 31382789 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2019.1653185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Changes in our daily living, particularly in work routines, diet, and physical exercise, have influenced a worldwide crisis for life-threatening comorbidities and the likelihood of cardiovascular disease diagnosis. Cardiovascular regenerative medicine researchers continue to investigate new therapeutic approaches and reexamine completed clinical trials to design more effective future studies. As the frequency of cardiovascular disease diagnosis continues to rise, investigations of how to repair and regenerate the failing myocardium remains an essential mission for human health. Areas covered: This review first examines the aging process, the rising rate of comorbidities, and the likelihood of developing heart disease. In the ongoing efforts to recapitulate human health needs in clinical trials, a review of clinical trials involving cellular therapeutics for cardiac repair, with a focus on the patient population and patients' complex medical records, is presented. Expert opinion: The expert opinion first draws attention to the changing demographics of patients diagnosed with diseases that lead to heart failure and focusing on obesity as a primary driver for increased cardiovascular disease. The opinion focuses on the importance of designing preclinical models and experimentation that better mimic the patient population and clinical situations to evaluate the effectiveness of potential future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Broughton
- SDSU Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University , San Diego , CA , USA
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20
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Rowe G, Kelm NQ, Beare JE, Tracy E, Yuan F, LeBlanc AJ. Enhanced beta-1 adrenergic receptor responsiveness in coronary arterioles following intravenous stromal vascular fraction therapy in aged rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:4561-4578. [PMID: 31296794 PMCID: PMC6660031 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Our past study showed that a single tail vein injection of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) into old rats was associated with improved dobutamine-mediated coronary flow reserve. We hypothesize that i.v. injection of SVF improves coronary microvascular function in aged rats via alterations in beta adrenergic microvascular signaling. Female Fischer-344 rats aged young (3 months, n=32) and old (24 months, n=30) were utilized, along with two cell therapies intravenously injected in old rats four weeks prior to sacrifice: 1x107 green fluorescent protein (GFP+) SVF cells (O+SVF, n=21), and 5x106 GFP+ bone-marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (O+BM, n=6), both harvested from young donors. Cardiac ultrasound and pressure-volume measurements were obtained, and coronary arterioles were isolated from each group for microvessel reactivity studies and immunofluorescence staining. Coronary flow reserve decreased with advancing age, but this effect was rescued by the SVF treatment in the O+SVF group. Echocardiography showed an age-related diastolic dysfunction that was improved with SVF to a greater extent than with BM treatment. Coronary arterioles isolated from SVF-treated rats showed amelioration of the age-related decrease in vasodilation to a non-selective β-AR agonist. I.v. injected SVF cells improved β-adrenergic receptor-dependent coronary flow and microvascular function in a model of advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Rowe
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Natia Q. Kelm
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Jason E. Beare
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Evan Tracy
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Fangping Yuan
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Amanda J. LeBlanc
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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Ventura Spagnolo E, Mondello C, Cardia L, Minutoli L, Puzzolo D, Asmundo A, Macaione V, Alibrandi A, Malta C, Baldino G, Micali A. Post-Mortem Immunohistochemical Evidence of β2-Adrenergic Receptor Expression in the Adrenal Gland. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123065. [PMID: 31234562 PMCID: PMC6628614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The evidence from post-mortem biochemical studies conducted on cortisol and catecholamines suggest that analysis of the adrenal gland could provide useful information about its role in human pathophysiology and the stress response. Authors designed an immunohistochemical study on the expression of the adrenal β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR), a receptor with high-affinity for catecholamines, with the aim to show which zones it is expressed in and how its expression differs in relation to the cause of death. The immunohistochemical study was performed on adrenal glands obtained from 48 forensic autopsies of subjects that died as a result of different pathogenic mechanisms using a mouse monoclonal β2-AR antibody. The results show that immunoreactivity for β2-AR was observed in all adrenal zones. Furthermore, immunoreactivity for β2-AR has shown variation in the localization and intensity of different patterns in relation to the original cause of death. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates β2-AR expression in the human cortex and provides suggestions on the possible involvement of β2-AR in human cortex hormonal stimulation. In conclusion, the authors provide a possible explanation for the observed differences in expression in relation to the cause of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Ventura Spagnolo
- Legal Medicine Section, Department for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Cristina Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Luigi Cardia
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Gazzi, Italy.
| | - Letteria Minutoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Domenico Puzzolo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Alessio Asmundo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Macaione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economics, Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Messina, Via dei Verdi 75, 98122 Messina, Italy.
| | - Consuelo Malta
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Gennaro Baldino
- Legal Medicine Section, Department for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Antonio Micali
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.
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22
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Yang LK, Tao YX. Physiology and pathophysiology of the β 3-adrenergic receptor. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 161:91-112. [PMID: 30711031 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) is an important regulator of various physiological functions, such as thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue, lipolysis in white adipose tissue, negative inotropic effect in cardiomyocyte, and relaxation in blood vessel. The activation of β3-AR by its agonists is shown to have metabolic (antiobesity and antidiabetic) and cardiovascular effects in animal models, highlighting β3-AR as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of several human diseases. Moreover, a substantial number of studies performed on different populations have identified some β3-AR polymorphic variants associated with obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other disorders. The clinical phenotypes and functional characteristics of these variants provide insights into potential pathophysiological roles of β3-AR in the development of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Kun Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.
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23
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Impact of stress on aged immune system compartments: Overview from fundamental to clinical data. Exp Gerontol 2018; 105:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zullo A, Simone E, Grimaldi M, Musto V, Mancini FP. Sirtuins as Mediator of the Anti-Ageing Effects of Calorie Restriction in Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E928. [PMID: 29561771 PMCID: PMC5979282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fighting diseases and controlling the signs of ageing are the major goals of biomedicine. Sirtuins, enzymes with mainly deacetylating activity, could be pivotal targets of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies to reach such aims. Scientific proofs are accumulating in experimental models, but, to a minor extent, also in humans, that the ancient practice of calorie restriction could prove an effective way to prevent several degenerative diseases and to postpone the detrimental signs of ageing. In the present review, we summarize the evidence about the central role of sirtuins in mediating the beneficial effects of calorie restriction in skeletal and cardiac muscle since these tissues are greatly damaged by diseases and advancing years. Moreover, we entertain the possibility that the identification of sirtuin activators that mimic calorie restriction could provide the benefits without the inconvenience of this dietary style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zullo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80145 Naples, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Simone
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Grimaldi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité University Hospital, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Vincenzina Musto
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
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Packer M. Derangements in adrenergic-adipokine signalling establish a neurohormonal basis for obesity-related heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail 2018; 20:873-878. [PMID: 29493068 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Among patients with heart failure and a preserved ejection (HFpEF), obesity is associated with a distinct phenotype that is characterized by adiposity-driven plasma volume expansion and cardiac overfilling, which is coupled with an impairment of ventricular distensibility. These pathophysiological abnormalities may be related to the increased actions of specific adipocyte-derived signalling molecules (aldosterone, neprilysin and leptin) that work in concert with increased renal sympathetic nerve traffic and activated beta2 -adrenergic receptors to promote sodium retention, microvascular rarefaction, cardiac fibrosis and systemic inflammation. This interplay leads to striking activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor, possibly explaining why obese patients with heart failure are most likely to benefit from spironolactone and eplerenone in large-scale clinical trials. Additionally, adipocytes express and release neprilysin, which (by degrading endogenous natriuretic peptides) can further promote plasma volume expansion and cardiac fibrosis. Heightened neprilysin activity may explain the low circulating levels of natriuretic peptides in obesity, the accelerated breakdown of natriuretic peptides in HFpEF, and the cardiac decompression following neprilysin inhibition in HFpEF patients who are obese. Furthermore, as adipose tissue accumulates and becomes dysfunctional, its secretion of leptin promotes renal sodium retention, microvascular changes and fibrotic processes in the heart, and systemic inflammation; these effects may be mediated or potentiated by the activation of beta2 -adrenergic receptors. These adrenergic-adipokine interactions provide a mechanistic framework for novel therapeutic strategies to alleviate the pathophysiological abnormalities of obesity-related HFpEF. Ongoing trials are well-positioned to test this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University, Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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26
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Significance of the Stress Research: “In Memoriam, Richard Kvetnansky”. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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