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Duranova H, Kuzelova L, Borotova P, Simora V, Fialkova V. Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells as a Versatile Cellular Model System in Diverse Experimental Paradigms: An Ultrastructural Perspective. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2024:ozae048. [PMID: 38817111 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are primary cells isolated from the vein of an umbilical cord, extensively used in cardiovascular studies and medical research. These cells, retaining the characteristics of endothelial cells in vivo, serve as a valuable cellular model system for understanding vascular biology, endothelial dysfunction, pathophysiology of diseases such as atherosclerosis, and responses to different drugs or treatments. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been a cornerstone in revealing the detailed architecture of multiple cellular model systems including HUVECs, allowing researchers to visualize subcellular organelles, membrane structures, and cytoskeletal elements. Among them, the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and nucleus can be meticulously examined to recognize alterations indicative of cellular responses to various stimuli. Importantly, Weibel-Palade bodies are characteristic secretory organelles found in HUVECs, which can be easily distinguished in the TEM. These distinctive structures also dynamically react to different factors through regulated exocytosis, resulting in complete or selective release of their contents. This detailed review summarizes the ultrastructural features of HUVECs and highlights the utility of TEM as a pivotal tool for analyzing HUVECs in diverse research frameworks, contributing valuable insights into the comprehension of HUVEC behavior and enriching our knowledge into the complexity of vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Duranova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Lenka Kuzelova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Petra Borotova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Simora
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Fialkova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
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2
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Marino-Bravante GE, Carey AE, Hüser L, Dixit A, Wang V, Kaur A, Liu Y, Ding S, Schnellmann R, Gerecht S, Gu L, Eisinger-Mathason TSK, Chhabra Y, Weeraratna AT. Age-dependent loss of HAPLN1 erodes vascular integrity via indirect upregulation of endothelial ICAM1 in melanoma. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:350-363. [PMID: 38472454 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma, the most lethal form of skin cancer, often has worse outcomes in older patients. We previously demonstrated that an age-related decrease in the secreted extracellular matrix (ECM) protein HAPLN1 has a role in slowing melanoma progression. Here we show that HAPLN1 in the dermal ECM is sufficient to maintain the integrity of melanoma-associated blood vessels, as indicated by increased collagen and VE-cadherin expression. Specifically, we show that HAPLN1 in the ECM increases hyaluronic acid and decreases endothelial cell expression of ICAM1. ICAM1 phosphorylates and internalizes VE-cadherin, a critical determinant of vascular integrity, resulting in permeable blood vessels. We found that blocking ICAM1 reduces tumor size and metastasis in older mice. These results suggest that HAPLN1 alters endothelial ICAM1expression in an indirect, matrix-dependent manner. Targeting ICAM1 could be a potential treatment strategy for older patients with melanoma, emphasizing the role of aging in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria E Marino-Bravante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexis E Carey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura Hüser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Agrani Dixit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vania Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amanpreet Kaur
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Penn Sarcoma Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Supeng Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rahel Schnellmann
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Luo Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T S Karin Eisinger-Mathason
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Penn Sarcoma Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yash Chhabra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, FoxChase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Ashani T Weeraratna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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3
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Gong G, Kam H, Bai Y, Cheang WS, Wu S, Cheng X, Giesy JP, Lee SMY. 6-benzylaminopurine causes endothelial dysfunctions to human umbilical vein endothelial cells and exacerbates atorvastatin-induced cerebral hemorrhage in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:1258-1268. [PMID: 37929299 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), a multifunctional plant growth regulator, which is frequently used worldwide to improve qualities of various crops, is an important ingredient in production of "toxic bean sprouts." Although there is no direct evidence of adverse effects, its hazardous effects, as well as joint toxicity with other chemicals, have received particular attention and aroused furious debate between proponents and environmental regulators. By use of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), adverse effects of 6-BA to human-derived cells were first demonstrated in this study. A total of 25-50 mg 6-BA/L inhibited proliferation, migration, and formation of tubular-like structures by 50% in vitro. Results of Western blot analyses revealed that exposure to 6-BA differentially modulated the MAPK signal transduction pathway in HUVECs. Specifically, 6-BA decreased phosphorylation of MEK and ERK, but increased phosphorylation of JNK and P38. In addition, 6-BA exacerbated atorvastatin-induced cerebral hemorrhage via increasing hemorrhagic occurrence by 60% and areas by 4 times in zebrafish larvae. In summary, 6-BA elicited toxicity to the endothelial system of HUVECs and zebrafish. This was due, at least in part, to discoordination of MAPK signaling pathway, which should pose potential risks to the cerebral vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyi Gong
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hiotong Kam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yubin Bai
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wai San Cheang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Shuilong Wu
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaoning Cheng
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States
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4
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Cohen R, Baruch ES, Cabilly I, Shapira A, Dvir T. Modified ECM-Based Bioink for 3D Printing of Multi-Scale Vascular Networks. Gels 2023; 9:792. [PMID: 37888365 PMCID: PMC10606913 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival and function of tissues depend on appropriate vascularization. Blood vessels of the tissues supply oxygen, and nutrients and remove waste and byproducts. Incorporating blood vessels into engineered tissues is essential for overcoming diffusion limitations, improving tissue function, and thus facilitating the fabrication of thick tissues. Here, we present a modified ECM bioink, with enhanced mechanical properties and endothelial cell-specific adhesion motifs, to serve as a building material for 3D printing of a multiscale blood vessel network. The bioink is composed of natural ECM and alginate conjugated with a laminin adhesion molecule motif (YIGSR). The hybrid hydrogel was characterized for its mechanical properties, biochemical content, and ability to interact with endothelial cells. The pristine and modified hydrogels were mixed with induced pluripotent stem cells derived endothelial cells (iPSCs-ECs) and used to print large blood vessels with capillary beds in between.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.-S.B.); (I.C.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ester-Sapir Baruch
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.-S.B.); (I.C.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Itai Cabilly
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.-S.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Assaf Shapira
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.-S.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Tal Dvir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.-S.B.); (I.C.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Sagol Center for Regenerative Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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5
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Khapchaev AY, Antonova OA, Kazakova OA, Samsonov MV, Vorotnikov AV, Shirinsky VP. Long-Term Experimental Hyperglycemia Does Not Impair Macrovascular Endothelial Barrier Integrity and Function in vitro. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1126-1138. [PMID: 37758312 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923080072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes implicated in vascular endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular complications. Many in vitro studies identified endothelial apoptosis as an early outcome of experimentally modeled hyperglycemia emphasizing cell demise as a significant factor of vascular injury. However, endothelial apoptosis has not been observed in vivo until the late stages of type 2 diabetes. Here, we studied the long-term (up to 4 weeks) effects of high glucose (HG, 30 mM) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. HG did not alter HUVEC monolayer morphology, ROS levels, NO production, and exerted minor effects on the HUVEC apoptosis markers. The barrier responses to various clues were indistinguishable from those by cells cultured in physiological glucose (5 mM). Tackling the key regulators of cytoskeletal contractility and endothelial barrier revealed no differences in the histamine-induced intracellular Ca2+ responses, nor in phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain or myosin light chain phosphatase. Altogether, these findings suggest that vascular endothelial cells may well tolerate HG for relatively long exposures and warrant further studies to explore mechanisms involved in vascular damage in advanced type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asker Y Khapchaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Chazov National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia.
| | - Olga A Antonova
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Chazov National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Olga A Kazakova
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Chazov National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Samsonov
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Chazov National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Alexander V Vorotnikov
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Chazov National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Shirinsky
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Chazov National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia
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6
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Maji S, Lee M, Lee J, Lee J, Lee H. Development of lumen-based perfusable 3D liver in vitro model using single-step bioprinting with composite bioinks. Mater Today Bio 2023; 21:100723. [PMID: 37502830 PMCID: PMC10368928 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic sinusoids are uniquely organized structures that help maintain a spectrum of hepatic functions. Although several in vitro liver models have been developed to replicate liver sinusoids, most of these platforms require complex, multi-step fabrication methods making it difficult to achieve truly three-dimensional (3D) channel geometries. In this study, a single-step bioprinting technique was demonstrated to simultaneously print a chip platform and develop a perfusable vascularized liver sinusoid in vitro model. The integrated system uses a co-axial-based bioprinting approach to develop a liver sinusoid-like model that consists of a sacrificial core compartment containing a perfusable pre-vascular structure and an alginate-collagen-based shell compartment containing hepatocytes. The lumen-based perfusable 3D liver sinusoid-on-a-chip (LSOC-P) demonstrated significantly better hepatocyte viability, proliferation, and liver-specific gene and protein expression compared to a 3D hepatocyte-based core/shell model with static media and the standard hepatocyte-based 2D sandwich culture system. A drug toxicity evaluation of hepatotoxins highlighted the comparatively higher sensitivity of the LSOC system with a close estimation of the therapeutic range of safe drug concentrations for humans. In conclusion, the current findings indicate that the combinatorial single-step co-axial bioprinting technique is a promising fabrication approach for the development of a perfusable LSOC platform for drug screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Maji
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyoung Lee
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyoung Lee
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Lee
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungseok Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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7
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Inouye KE, Prentice KJ, Lee A, Wang ZB, Dominguez-Gonzalez C, Chen MX, Riveros JK, Burak MF, Lee GY, Hotamışlıgil GS. Endothelial-derived FABP4 constitutes the majority of basal circulating hormone and regulates lipolysis-driven insulin secretion. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e164642. [PMID: 37279064 PMCID: PMC10443803 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a lipid chaperone secreted from adipocytes upon stimulation of lipolysis. Circulating FABP4 levels strongly correlate with obesity and metabolic pathologies in experimental models and humans. While adipocytes have been presumed to be the major source of hormonal FABP4, this question has not been addressed definitively in vivo. We generated mice with Fabp4 deletion in cells known to express the gene - adipocytes (Adipo-KO), endothelial cells (Endo-KO), myeloid cells (Myeloid-KO), and the whole body (Total-KO) - to examine the contribution of these cell types to basal and stimulated plasma FABP4 levels. Unexpectedly, baseline plasma FABP4 was not significantly reduced in Adipo-KO mice, whereas Endo-KO mice showed ~87% reduction versus WT controls. In contrast, Adipo-KO mice exhibited ~62% decreased induction of FABP4 responses to lipolysis, while Endo-KO mice showed only mildly decreased induction, indicating that adipocytes are the main source of increases in FABP4 during lipolysis. We did not detect any myeloid contribution to circulating FABP4. Surprisingly, despite the nearly intact induction of FABP4, Endo-KO mice showed blunted lipolysis-induced insulin secretion, identical to Total-KO mice. We conclude that the endothelium is the major source of baseline hormonal FABP4 and is required for the insulin response to lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. Inouye
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kacey J. Prentice
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexandra Lee
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zeqiu B. Wang
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carla Dominguez-Gonzalez
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mu Xian Chen
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jillian K. Riveros
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M. Furkan Burak
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Grace Y. Lee
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gökhan S. Hotamışlıgil
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Mierke CT. Physical and biological advances in endothelial cell-based engineered co-culture model systems. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 147:58-69. [PMID: 36732105 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Scientific knowledge in the field of cell biology and mechanobiology heavily leans on cell-based in vitro experiments and models that favor the examination and comprehension of certain biological processes and occurrences across a variety of environments. Cell culture assays are an invaluable instrument for a vast spectrum of biomedical and biophysical investigations. The quality of experimental models in terms of simplicity, reproducibility, and combinability with other methods, and in particular the scale at which they depict cell fate in native tissues, is critical to advancing the knowledge of the comprehension of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in tissues and organs. Typically, in vitro models are centered on the experimental tinkering of mammalian cells, most often cultured as monolayers on planar, two-dimensional (2D) materials. Notwithstanding the significant advances and numerous findings that have been accomplished with flat biology models, their usefulness for generating further new biological understanding is constrained because the simple 2D setting does not reproduce the physiological response of cells in natural living tissues. In addition, the co-culture systems in a 2D stetting weakly mirror their natural environment of tissues and organs. Significant advances in 3D cell biology and matrix engineering have resulted in the creation and establishment of a new type of cell culture shapes that more accurately represents the in vivo microenvironment and allows cells and their interactions to be analyzed in a biomimetic approach. Contemporary biomedical and biophysical science has novel advances in technology that permit the design of more challenging and resilient in vitro models for tissue engineering, with a particular focus on scaffold- or hydrogel-based formats, organotypic cultures, and organs-on-chips, which cover the purposes of co-cultures. Even these complex systems must be kept as simplified as possible in order to grasp a particular section of physiology too very precisely. In particular, it is highly appreciated that they bridge the space between conventional animal research and human (patho)physiology. In this review, the recent progress in 3D biomimetic culturation is presented with a special focus on co-cultures, with an emphasis on the technological building blocks and endothelium-based co-culture models in cancer research that are available for the development of more physiologically relevant in vitro models of human tissues under normal and diseased conditions. Through applications and samples of various physiological and disease models, it is possible to identify the frontiers and future engagement issues that will have to be tackled to integrate synthetic biomimetic culture systems far more successfully into biomedical and biophysical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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9
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Brombach C, Tong W, Giussani DA. Maternal obesity: new placental paradigms unfolded. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:823-835. [PMID: 35760668 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of maternal obesity is increasing at an alarming rate, and is providing a major challenge for obstetric practice. Adverse effects on maternal and fetal health are mediated by complex interactions between metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress signaling in the placenta. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) are common downstream pathways of cell stress, and there is evidence that this conserved homeostatic response may be a key mediator in the pathogenesis of placental dysfunction. We summarize the current literature on the placental cellular and molecular changes that occur in obese women. A special focus is cast onto placental ER stress in obese pregnancy, which may provide a novel link for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen Tong
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EL, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Cambridge Strategic Research Initiative in Reproduction, Cambridge CB2 3EL, Cambridge UK.
| | - Dino A Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EL, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Cambridge Strategic Research Initiative in Reproduction, Cambridge CB2 3EL, Cambridge UK; Cambridge Cardiovascular Centre for Research Excellence, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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10
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Huang Y, Dong Y, Gao B, Ma R, Gao FL, Shen L. Transmembrane Water Transport and Intracellular Ice Formation of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells During Freezing. Biopreserv Biobank 2022; 20:311-316. [PMID: 35984940 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2022.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term cryopreservation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) is important and beneficial for a variety of biomedical research and applications. In this study, we investigated HUVEC's cryobiological characteristics and parameters that are indispensable for predicting and determining an optimal cooling rate to prevent lethal intracellular ice formation (IIF) and severe cell dehydration during the cryopreservation processes. The parameters include cell membrane hydraulic conductivity (i.e., cell membrane water permeability), Lp, cell membrane water permeability activation energy, Elp, and osmotically inactive volume of a cell Vb. Cryomicroscopy was used to study the IIF phenomena and cell volume excursion at various cooling rates, 1, 10, and 20°C/min, respectively, based on which the cryobiological parameters were determined using biophysical and mathematical models. Results from this research work laid an important cryobiological foundation for the optimization of HUVEC's cryopreservation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- School of Medical Imaging, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China
| | - Brian Gao
- The College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, California, USA
| | - Ruidong Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Frank Liu Gao
- School of Public Affairs, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lingxiao Shen
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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11
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Ellistasari EY, Kariosentono H, Purwanto B, Wasita B, Riswiyant RCA, Pamungkasari EP, Soetrisno S. Role of Exosomes Derived from Secretome Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (Exo-HUVEC) as Anti-Apoptotic, Anti-Oxidant, and Increasing Fibroblast Migration in Photoaging Skin Models. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prolonged skin exposure to ultraviolet light rays leads to photoaging, which is characterized molecularly by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell apoptosis, and a decrease in collagen. Photoaging therapy has been a challenge until recently. Fibroblasts exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) light proved to be a good model for photoaging skin. They are also the primary dermal cells that stimulate collagen production and extracellular matrix (ECM), which contribute to skin aging. Exo-HUVEC is rich in growth factors, cytokines, and miRNAs, and they all play a vital role in cell-to-cell communication. The migration of fibroblasts is crucial for the development, repair, and regeneration of skin tissue during the repair of skin aging.
Objective: An in vitro experimental study was conducted to analyze the effect of Exo-HUVEC on oxidative stress levels, cell apoptosis, and fibroblast migration rate after UVB ray exposure on fibroblasts.
Methods: The fibroblast cultures were divided into five groups, including one without UVB exposure, one with UVB exposure, and one with UVB+Exo-HUVEC exposure at 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%, respectively. Oxidative stress levels were measured using the ELISA test for malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, flow cytometry was used to measure apoptosis using PI/Annexin markers, while a scratch assay examination was used to measure fibroblast migration rate using imaging readings.
Results: There were significant differences in the levels of MDA, PI/Annexin, and the rate of fibroblast migration between the UVB-irradiated control group and the Exo-HUVEC treatment group (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Exo-HUVEC is a marker of photoaging improvement, which has anti-apoptotic effects and reduces oxidative stress, as well as increases fibroblast migration rate.
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Optimized Methods for Analytical and Functional Comparison of Biosimilar mAb Drugs: A Case Study for Avastin, Mvasi, and Zirabev. Sci Pharm 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm90020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bevacizumab is a humanized therapeutic monoclonal antibody used to reduce angiogenesis, a hallmark of cancer, by binding to VEGF-A. Many pharmaceutical companies have developed biosimilars of Bevacizumab in the last decade. The official reports provided by the FDA and EMA summarize the analytical performance of biosimilars as compared to the originators without giving detailed analytical procedures. In the current study, several key methods were optimized and reported for analytical and functional comparison of bevacizumab originators (Avastin, Altuzan) and approved commercial biosimilars (Zirabev and Mvasi). This case study presents a comparative analysis of a set of biosimilars under optimized analytical conditions for the first time in the literature. The chemical structure of all products was analyzed at intact protein and peptide levels by high-resolution mass spectrometry; the major glycoforms and posttranslational modifications, including oxidation, deamidation, N-terminal PyroGlu addition, and C-terminal Lys clipping, were compared. The SPR technique was used to reveal antigen and some receptor binding kinetics of all products, and the ELISA technique was used for C1q binding affinity analysis. Finally, the inhibition performance of the samples was evaluated by an MTS-based proliferation assay in vitro. Major glycoforms were similar, with minor differences among the samples. Posttranslational modifications, except C-terminal Lys, were determined similarly, while unclipped Lys percentage was higher in Zirabev. The binding kinetics for VEGF, FcRn, FcγRIa, and C1q were similar or in the value range of originators. The anti-proliferative effect of Zirabev was slightly higher than the originators and Mvasi. The analysis of biosimilars under the same conditions could provide a new aspect to the literature in terms of the applied analytical techniques. Further studies in this field would be helpful to better understand the inter-comparability of the biosimilars.
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Yang D, Dai X, Xing Y, Tang X, Yang G, Harrison AG, Cahoon J, Li H, Lv X, Yu X, Wang P, Wang H. Intrinsic cardiac adrenergic cells contribute to LPS-induced myocardial dysfunction. Commun Biol 2022; 5:96. [PMID: 35079095 PMCID: PMC8789803 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic cardiac adrenergic (ICA) cells regulate both developing and adult cardiac physiological and pathological processes. However, the role of ICA cells in septic cardiomyopathy is unknown. Here we show that norepinephrine (NE) secretion from ICA cells is increased through activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to aggravate myocardial TNF-α production and dysfunction by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In ICA cells, LPS activated TLR4-MyD88/TRIF-AP-1 signaling that promoted NE biosynthesis through expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, but did not trigger TNF-α production due to impairment of p65 translocation. In a co-culture consisting of LPS-treated ICA cells and cardiomyocytes, the upregulation and secretion of NE from ICA cells activated cardiomyocyte β1-adrenergic receptor driving Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) to crosstalk with NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Importantly, blockade of ICA cell-derived NE prevented LPS-induced myocardial dysfunction. Our findings suggest that ICA cells may be a potential therapeutic target for septic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duomeng Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomeng Dai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Xing
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangxu Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Pathogen biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Andrew G Harrison
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jason Cahoon
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuxiu Lv
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Huadong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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New thiosemicarbazone-based Zinc(II) complexes. In vitro cytotoxicity competing with cisplatin on malignant melanoma A375 cells and its relation to neuraminidase inhibition. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109757. [PMID: 34848165 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
New thiosemicarbazone-based zinc(II) complexes were synthesized to study their cytotoxicity on A375 malignant melanoma cells. The complexes containing salicylidene (Zn1a), 3-methoxy-salicylidene (Zn1b) or 4-methoxy-salicylidene (Zn1c) moiety were characterized by analytical and spectroscopic methods. Anticancer potential of the complexes was determined by MTT test and HUVEC endothelial cells line was used to comprehend the effect on normal cells. Zn1b with an IC50 of 13 μM was found to be highly cytotoxic against A375 cancer cells, more effective than cisplatin (IC50: 37 μM). Zn1a and Zn1c did not have a negative effect on cell viability in the normal cells and gave the impression that they are more advantageous than cisplatin in this respect. Further, the ability of Zn1a-c to inhibit neuraminidase enzyme and its role in cytotoxicity was discussed. The test revealed that the Zn1b with 3-methoxy substituent exhibited higher inhibition activity against the neuraminidase than the Zn1a and Zn1c as analogical to the cytotoxicity results. In neuraminidase inhibition, IC50 values of Zn1b and Zn1c were 14 and 66 μM, respectively. These concentrations were very close to the cytotoxicity concentrations for Zn1b and Zn1c. The findings may indicate the role of neuraminidase enzyme inhibition in cell death for Zn1b and Zn1c.
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Wu CY, Wu TY, Guan ZY, Wang PY, Yang YC, Huang CW, Lin TH, Chen HY. Vapor-phased fabrication and modulation of cell-laden scaffolding materials. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3413. [PMID: 34099701 PMCID: PMC8184845 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bottom-up approaches using building blocks of modules to fabricate scaffolds for tissue engineering applications have enabled the fabrication of structurally complex and multifunctional materials allowing for physical and chemical flexibility to better mimic the native extracellular matrix. Here we report a vapor-phased fabrication process for constructing three-dimensional modulated scaffold materials via simple steps based on controlling mass transport of vapor sublimation and deposition. We demonstrate the fabrication of scaffolds comprised of multiple biomolecules and living cells with built-in boundaries separating the distinct compartments containing defined biological configurations and functions. We show that the fabricated scaffolds have mass production potential. We demonstrate overall >80% cell viability of encapsulated cells and that modulated scaffolds exhibit enhanced cell proliferation, osteogenesis, and neurogenesis, which can be assembled into various geometric configurations. We perform cell co-culture experiments to show independent osteogenesis and angiogenesis activities from separate compartments in one scaffold construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yu Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ying Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhen-Yu Guan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yen-Ching Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wei Huang
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hung Lin
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yeh Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Grisanti G, Caprini D, Sinibaldi G, Scognamiglio C, Silvani G, Peruzzi G, Casciola CM. A Microfluidic Platform for Cavitation-Enhanced Drug Delivery. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12060658. [PMID: 34204968 PMCID: PMC8229805 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An endothelial-lined blood vessel model is obtained in a PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) microfluidic system, where vascular endothelial cells are grown under physiological shear stress, allowing -like maturation. This experimental model is employed for enhanced drug delivery studies, aimed at characterising the increase in endothelial permeability upon microbubble-enhanced ultrasound-induced (USMB) cavitation. We developed a multi-step protocol to couple the optical and the acoustic set-ups, thanks to a 3D-printed insonation chamber, provided with direct optical access and a support for the US transducer. Cavitation-induced interendothelial gap opening is then analysed using a customised code that quantifies gap area and the relative statistics. We show that exposure to US in presence of microbubbles significantly increases endothelial permeability and that tissue integrity completely recovers within 45 min upon insonation. This protocol, along with the versatility of the microfluidic platform, allows to quantitatively characterise cavitation-induced events for its potential employment in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Grisanti
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00186 Roma, Italy; (G.G.); (G.S.); (G.S.)
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Regina Elena 291, 00161 Roma, Italy; (D.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Davide Caprini
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Regina Elena 291, 00161 Roma, Italy; (D.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Giorgia Sinibaldi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00186 Roma, Italy; (G.G.); (G.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Chiara Scognamiglio
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Regina Elena 291, 00161 Roma, Italy; (D.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Giulia Silvani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00186 Roma, Italy; (G.G.); (G.S.); (G.S.)
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Regina Elena 291, 00161 Roma, Italy; (D.C.); (C.S.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Regina Elena 291, 00161 Roma, Italy; (D.C.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Carlo Massimo Casciola
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00186 Roma, Italy; (G.G.); (G.S.); (G.S.)
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Regina Elena 291, 00161 Roma, Italy; (D.C.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (C.M.C.)
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17
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Silvani G, Romanov V, Cox CD, Martinac B. Biomechanical Characterization of Endothelial Cells Exposed to Shear Stress Using Acoustic Force Spectroscopy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:612151. [PMID: 33614612 PMCID: PMC7891662 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.612151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterizing mechanical properties of cells is important for understanding many cellular processes, such as cell movement, shape, and growth, as well as adaptation to changing environments. In this study, we explore the mechanical properties of endothelial cells that form the biological barrier lining blood vessels, whose dysfunction leads to development of many cardiovascular disorders. Stiffness of living endothelial cells was determined by Acoustic Force Spectroscopy (AFS), by pull parallel multiple functionalized microspheres located at the cell-cell periphery. The unique configuration of the acoustic microfluidic channel allowed us to develop a long-term dynamic culture protocol exposing cells to laminar flow for up to 48 h, with shear stresses in the physiological range (i.e., 6 dyn/cm2). Two different Endothelial cells lines, Human Aortic Endothelial Cells (HAECs) and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs), were investigated to show the potential of this tool to capture the change in cellular mechanical properties during maturation of a confluent endothelial monolayer. Immunofluorescence microscopy was exploited to follow actin filament rearrangement and junction formation over time. For both cell types we found that the application of shear-stress promotes the typical phenotype of a mature endothelium expressing a linear pattern of VE-cadherin at the cell-cell border and actin filament rearrangement along the perimeter of Endothelial cells. A staircase-like sequence of increasing force steps, ranging from 186 pN to 3.5 nN, was then applied in a single measurement revealing the force-dependent apparent stiffness of the membrane cortex in the kPa range. We also found that beads attached to cells cultured under dynamic conditions were harder to displace than cells cultured under static conditions, showing a stiffer membrane cortex at cell periphery. All together these results demonstrate that the AFS can identify changes in cell mechanics based on force measurements of adherent cells under conditions mimicking their native microenvironment, thus revealing the shear stress dependence of the mechanical properties of neighboring endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Silvani
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Charles D. Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Use of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) as a Model to Study Cardiovascular Disease: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10030938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, and extensive research has been performed to understand this disease better, using various experimental models. The endothelium plays a crucial role in the development of CVD, since it is an interface between bloodstream components, such as monocytes and platelets, and other arterial wall components. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) isolation from umbilical cord was first described in 1973. To date, this model is still widely used because of the high HUVEC isolation success rate, and because HUVEC are an excellent model to study a broad array of diseases, including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. We here review the history of HUVEC isolation, the HUVEC model over time, HUVEC culture characteristics and conditions, advantages and disadvantages of this model and finally, its applications in the area of cardiovascular diseases.
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Analysis of Vascular Mechanical Characteristics after Coronary Degradable Stent Implantation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2019:8265374. [PMID: 31915706 PMCID: PMC6930720 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8265374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To explore the effect of vascular stress changes on endothelial function recovery and vascular restenosis inhibition, under the condition of dynamic degradation process of the degradable stent. Methods Fitting the material parameters of the hyperelastic vascular constitutive relationship, the stress distribution of the intima of the blood vessel before the stent was implanted and during the dynamic degradation was calculated by numerical simulation. In vitro culture experiments were carried out, and the stretch ratios of the silicone chamber were set to 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%, respectively, to simulate the effects of different degradation stages on the growth state of endothelial cells. Results After the stent was completely degraded, the circumferential intimal stress (strain) of the vessel was recovered to 0.137 MPa, 5.5%, which was close to the physiological parameters (0.122 MPa, 4.8%) before stent implantation. In vitro experiments showed that the endothelial cell survival rate was the highest under the condition of circumferential stress (strain) of 0.1 MPa, 5%, and all adhesion growth could be achieved. Conclusions With the occurrence of degradation process of the stent, the circumferential stress (strain) of the intima was recovered to a range close to physiological parameters, which promotes the growth of endothelial cells. The recovery of intimal function can effectively inhibit the process of vascular restenosis. The results can provide a theoretical basis and experimental platform for the study of coronary intervention for the treatment of vascular restenosis.
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Silvani G, Scognamiglio C, Caprini D, Marino L, Chinappi M, Sinibaldi G, Peruzzi G, Kiani MF, Casciola CM. Reversible Cavitation-Induced Junctional Opening in an Artificial Endothelial Layer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1905375. [PMID: 31762158 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Targeting pharmaceuticals through the endothelial barrier is crucial for drug delivery. In this context, cavitation-assisted permeation shows promise for effective and reversible opening of intercellular junctions. A vessel-on-a-chip is exploited to investigate and quantify the effect of ultrasound-excited microbubbles-stable cavitation-on endothelial integrity. In the vessel-on-a-chip, the endothelial cells form a complete lumen under physiological shear stress, resulting in intercellular junctions that exhibit barrier functionality. Immunofluorescence microscopy is exploited to monitor vascular integrity following vascular endothelial cadherin staining. It is shown that microbubbles amplify the ultrasound effect, leading to the formation of interendothelial gaps that cause barrier permeabilization. The total gap area significantly increases with pressure amplitude compared to the control. Gap opening is fully reversible with gap area distribution returning to the control levels 45 min after insonication. The proposed integrated platform allows for precise and repeatable in vitro measurements of cavitation-enhanced endothelium permeability and shows potential for validating irradiation protocols for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Silvani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Scognamiglio
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Caprini
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Marino
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Chinappi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Sinibaldi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Mohammad F Kiani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Carlo M Casciola
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Vilotic A, Jovanovic Krivokuca M, Stefanoska I, Vrzic Petronijevic S, Petronijevic M, Vicovac L. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is involved in endovascular trophoblast cell function in vitro. EXCLI JOURNAL 2019; 18:Doc1007. [PMID: 31762725 PMCID: PMC6868918 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multifunctional cytokine abundantly present at the feto-maternal interface proposed to play a role in establishment of pregnancy. We have previously shown that pharmacological inhibition of enzymatic activity of MIF decreases extravillous trophoblast invasion and migration in vitro. This study aimed to further elucidate potential role of endogenous trophoblast MIF, and to assess its importance for endovascular trophoblast cell function in particular. Attenuation of MIF by siRNA reduced HTR-8/SVneo cell invasion through Matrigel (59 % of control), expression of integrin α1 (86 % of control) and levels of MMP2 and MMP9 (87 % and 57 % of control, respectively). MIF specific siRNA reduced the ability of HTR-8/SVneo to differentiate in to endothelial-like phenotype, as determined by Matrigel tube formation assay. The total tube length was decreased to 68.6 %, while the number of branching points was reduced to 57.8 % of control. HTR-8/SVneo cell capacity to integrate into HUVEC monolayers was reduced by knock-down of MIF. This could be partly caused by reduced N-cadherin expression to 63 % of control, which decreased with knock-down of MIF, as the expression of this protein was recently shown essential for trophoblast-endothelial interaction. These novel findings indicate a novel role for trophoblast MIF in spiral artery remodeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Vilotic
- Laboratory for Biology of Reproduction, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Jovanovic Krivokuca
- Laboratory for Biology of Reproduction, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stefanoska
- Laboratory for Biology of Reproduction, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Miloš Petronijevic
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Vicovac
- Laboratory for Biology of Reproduction, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
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Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) Co-Culture with Osteogenic Cells: From Molecular Communication to Engineering Prevascularised Bone Grafts. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101602. [PMID: 31623330 PMCID: PMC6832897 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of bone defects caused by trauma, infection or tumor resection is a major clinical orthopedic challenge. The application of bone grafts in orthopedic procedures is associated with a problem of inadequate vascularization in the initial phase after implantation. Meanwhile, the survival of cells within the implanted graft and its integration with the host tissue is strongly dependent on nutrient and gaseous exchange, as well as waste product removal, which are effectuated by blood microcirculation. In the bone tissue, the vasculature also delivers the calcium and phosphate indispensable for the mineralization process. The critical role of vascularization for bone healing and function, led the researchers to the idea of generating a capillary-like network within the bone graft in vitro, which could allow increasing the cell survival and graft integration with a host tissue. New strategies for engineering pre-vascularized bone grafts, that apply the co-culture of endothelial and bone-forming cells, have recently gained interest. However, engineering of metabolically active graft, containing two types of cells requires deep understanding of the underlying mechanisms of interaction between these cells. The present review focuses on the best-characterized endothelial cells-human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)-attempting to estimate whether the co-culture approach, using these cells, could bring us closer to development and possible clinical application of prevascularized bone grafts.
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Puglisi A, Bayir E, Timur S, Yagci Y. pH-Responsive Polymersome Microparticles as Smart Cyclodextrin-Releasing Agents. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:4001-4007. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Puglisi
- Department of Chemistry, Maslak, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Ece Bayir
- Central Research Testing and Analysis Laboratory Research and Application Center, Ege University Bornova, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
| | - Suna Timur
- Central Research Testing and Analysis Laboratory Research and Application Center, Ege University Bornova, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Ege University Bornova, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Maslak, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
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Abstract
Abstract
Umbilical cord is a waste material, and therefore does not raise ethical concerns related to its use for research and medicine. Stem cells from umbilical cord have a significant advantage over cells from other sources. First, the umbilical cord is an infinite source of stem cells, because it can be taken theoretically during each delivery. Secondly, acquisition of umbilical cord is a non-invasive, safe procedure for mother and child. Thirdly, the transplantation of umbilical cord stem cells is associated with a lower risk of infection and a less-frequent “graft versus host” reaction. In this work, the authors present a historical background of research on the cell from its discovery to modern times characterized by highly advanced methods of obtaining stem cells from umbilical cord and from other sources.
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25
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Torres C, Machado R, Lima M. Flow cytometric characterization of the saphenous veins endothelial cells in patients with chronic venous disease and in patients undergoing bypass surgery: an exploratory study. Heart Vessels 2019; 35:1-13. [PMID: 31227876 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-019-01451-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings have suggested that the primary factors for development of chronic venous disease (CVD), which commonly manifests as varicose veins (VV), are due to structural and biochemical modifications of the vessel wall. The aim of this exploratory study was to characterize by flow cytometry the endothelial cells (EC) mechanically extracted from the varicose saphenous veins (VSV) segments of patients submitted to VV surgery, and to compare the expression of cell surface molecules in these EC with that observed in the EC from the graft SV (GSV) of patients undergoing bypass surgery. EC were isolated from distal- (varicose trunk) and from proximal- (nearly normal) VSV segments of 30 patients submitted to VV surgery, and from proximal GSV segments of 20 patients submitted to bypass surgery (control group), using a mechanical method, and their immunophenotype was characterized by flow cytometry. EC were identified as being CD45negCD146brightCD31bright, and analyzed for expression of activation-related (CD54, CD62E, CD106), procoagulant (CD142), and cell junction (CD31, CD146) molecules, and for the scavenger receptor, CD36. The EC harvested from the SV segments of CVD patients had lower expression of all the molecules evaluated, in comparison to controls; these differences were more evident for the EC isolated from the distal-VSV. The EC extracted from the proximal- and distal-VSV segments of the CVD patients also differ from each other, the first having lower levels of CD62E, CD106, CD142 and CD36. Groups did not match for gender and controls were heterogeneous concerning the underlying pathologies, which may have a confounding effect. Our study revealed that the EC isolated from varicose (distal) and nearly normal (proximal) VSV segments of the CVD patients differ phenotypically from each other, and from the EC of the control group. The VSV segments more affected by the CVD have the lowest expression of the studied markers. We hypothesize that CVD is associated with a decrease on the EC surface molecules, causing EC dysfunctionality. Further studies with a large number of gender-matched participants are needed, to confirm the results obtained in this exploratory study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Torres
- Laboratório de Citometria, Serviço de Hematologia Clínica, Hospital de Santo António (HSA), Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUP), Rua D. Manuel II 57, 4050-014, Porto, Portugal. .,Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (UMIB/ICBAS/UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-343, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Machado
- Serviço de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular, Hospital de Santo António (HSA), Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUP), Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Lima
- Laboratório de Citometria, Serviço de Hematologia Clínica, Hospital de Santo António (HSA), Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUP), Rua D. Manuel II 57, 4050-014, Porto, Portugal.,Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (UMIB/ICBAS/UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-343, Porto, Portugal
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26
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Andrique L, Recher G, Alessandri K, Pujol N, Feyeux M, Bon P, Cognet L, Nassoy P, Bikfalvi A. A model of guided cell self-organization for rapid and spontaneous formation of functional vessels. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau6562. [PMID: 31206014 PMCID: PMC6561743 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau6562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Most achievements to engineer blood vessels are based on multiple-step manipulations such as manual sheet rolling or sequential cell seeding followed by scaffold degradation. Here, we propose a one-step strategy using a microfluidic coextrusion device to produce mature functional blood vessels. A hollow alginate hydrogel tube is internally coated with extracellular matrix to direct the self-assembly of a mixture of endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The resulting vascular structure has the correct configuration of lumen, an inner lining of ECs, and outer sheath of SMCs. These "vesseloids" reach homeostasis within a day and exhibit the following properties expected for functional vessels (i) quiescence, (ii) perfusability, and (iii) contractility in response to vasoconstrictor agents. Together, these findings provide an original and simple strategy to generate functional artificial vessels and pave the way for further developments in vascular graft and tissue engineering and for deciphering the angiogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Andrique
- LAMC, Laboratoire de l’Angiogenèse et du Microenvironnement des Cancers (Inserm U1029) F-33170 Pessac, France
- Université de Bordeaux, F-33170 Pessac, France
| | - G. Recher
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School & CNRS UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - K. Alessandri
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School & CNRS UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - N. Pujol
- LAMC, Laboratoire de l’Angiogenèse et du Microenvironnement des Cancers (Inserm U1029) F-33170 Pessac, France
- Université de Bordeaux, F-33170 Pessac, France
| | - M. Feyeux
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School & CNRS UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - P. Bon
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School & CNRS UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - L. Cognet
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School & CNRS UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - P. Nassoy
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School & CNRS UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - A. Bikfalvi
- LAMC, Laboratoire de l’Angiogenèse et du Microenvironnement des Cancers (Inserm U1029) F-33170 Pessac, France
- Université de Bordeaux, F-33170 Pessac, France
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27
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Zhu XX, Miao XY, Gong YP, Fu B, Li CL. Isolation and culture of rat aortic endothelial cells in vitro: A novel approach without collagenase digestion. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14127-14135. [PMID: 31020704 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To study cardiovascular diseases, the isolation and culture of functional endothelial cells are very important. This study uncovered a novel approach to isolate and culture endothelial cells. The thoracic aorta was collected from Wistar rats with the attached tissue clearly removed. These aorta segments were seeded onto a six-welled plate with the endothelium facing down and removed 2 days after endothelial sprouting started. The endothelial cells were harvested until 80% uneven confluence and cultured for another two passages for use in the following assays: immunofluorescence and flow cytometry assays for endothelial marker expression (CD31 and von Willebrand factor [vWF]), the Dil-labeled acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Dil-Ac-LDL) uptake assay, the tube formation assay, the Hoechst staining apoptosis assay, the β-galactosidase staining assay for cell senescence, and the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay for cell viability. Morphologically, the endothelial cells started to migrate away from the aorta after 50 to 72 hours of culture, showing a cobblestone-like structure. The cultured cells expressed high levels of CD31 and vWF, 94.65% of the cells were positive for CD31, and most of the cells showed low-density lipoprotein uptake. They were able to form tube-like structures in vitro and were negatively stained for β-galactosidase or Hoechst staining. Importantly, the cells at passages 3 and 10 showed similar levels of CCK-8, β-galactosidase, Hoechst staining, uptake of Dil-Ac-LDL, and capillary tube formation. This novel technique is useful to isolate and culture rat aortic endothelial cells for future studies of endothelial functions and biology. In addition, primary vascular endothelial cells at passages 3 to 10 are suitable for experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yu Miao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Ping Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Lin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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28
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The Different Facades of Retinal and Choroidal Endothelial Cells in Response to Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123846. [PMID: 30513885 PMCID: PMC6321100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular angiogenic diseases, such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration, are associated with severe loss of vision. These pathologies originate from different vascular beds, retinal and choroidal microvasculatures, respectively. The activation of endothelial cells (EC) plays pivotal roles in angiogenesis, often triggered by oxygen deficiency. Hypoxia-inducible factors in ECs mediate the transcription of multiple angiogenic genes, including the canonical vascular endothelial growth factors. ECs show notable heterogeneity in function, structure, and disease, therefore the understanding of retinal/choroidal ECs (REC; CEC) biochemical and molecular responses to hypoxia may offer key insights into tissue-specific vascular targeting treatments. The aim of this review is to discuss the differences spanning between REC and CEC, with focus on their response to hypoxia, which could provide innovative and sustainable strategies for site specific targeting of ocular neovascularization.
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Bertulli C, Gerigk M, Piano N, Liu Y, Zhang D, Müller T, Knowles TJ, Huang YYS. Image-Assisted Microvessel-on-a-Chip Platform for Studying Cancer Cell Transendothelial Migration Dynamics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12480. [PMID: 30127372 PMCID: PMC6102203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
With the push to reduce in vivo approaches, the demand for microphysiological models that recapitulate the in vivo settings in vitro is dramatically increasing. Here, we present an extracellular matrix-integrated microfluidic chip with a rounded microvessel of ~100 µm in diameter. Our system displays favorable characteristics for broad user adaptation: simplified procedure for vessel creation, minimised use of reagents and cells, and the ability to couple live-cell imaging and image analysis to study dynamics of cell-microenvironment interactions in 3D. Using this platform, the dynamic process of single breast cancer cells (LM2-4175) exiting the vessel lumen into the surrounding extracellular matrix was tracked. Here, we show that the presence of endothelial lining significantly reduced the cancer exit events over the 15-hour imaging period: there were either no cancer cells exiting, or the fraction of spontaneous exits was positively correlated with the number of cancer cells in proximity to the endothelial barrier. The capability to map the z-position of individual cancer cells within a 3D vessel lumen enabled us to observe cancer cell transmigration 'hot spot' dynamically. We also suggest the variations in the microvessel qualities may lead to the two distinct types of cancer transmigration behaviour. Our findings provide a tractable in vitro model applicable to other areas of microvascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bertulli
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Magda Gerigk
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Nicholas Piano
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.,Fluidic Analytics Ltd., Cambridge, CB4 3NP, UK
| | - Tuomas J Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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30
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ECSM2, an endothelial specific VE-cadherin binding protein, has a tyrosine phosphorylation site essential to cell migration. Gene 2018; 662:131-138. [PMID: 29653231 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell-specific molecule 2 (ECSM2) is a transmembrane protein located in cell-cell junction of endothelial cells (EC). ECSM2 was determined to play an important role in vascular development, EC migration, apoptosis and proliferation, however, no functional domains were determined in intracellular and extracellular region of ECSM2. In current work, functional domains of ECSM2, the relationship of ECSM2 with other endothelial specific protein such as VE-cadherin and the role of ECSM2 in neovascular diseases were determined. It was shown that the 54th amino acid residue of ECSM2 extracellular domain was a tyrosine phosphorylation site, whose mutation led to the loss of EGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and inhibition of cell migration. In primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells, ECSM2 bound with VE-cadherin and VEGF stimulation enhanced their binding. In hepatocellular carcinoma, ECSM2 expression was increased, as compared with para-cancerous tissue. This data firstly revealed the functional sites of ECSM2, the crosstalk between ECSM2 and other endothelial cell specific molecules, the expression of ECSM2 in tissues of angiogenesis diseases, thus providing understanding about ECSM2 in depth.
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31
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Faye PA, Roualdes O, Rossignol F, Hartmann DJ, Desmoulière A. Engulfment of ceramic particles by fibroblasts does not alter cell behavior. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 12:015023. [PMID: 28102826 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa5aa2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite many studies, the impact of ceramic particles on cell behavior remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of nano-sized ceramic particles on fibroblastic cells. Fibroblasts (dermal fibroblasts freshly isolated from skin samples and WI26 fibroblastic cells) were cultured in a monolayer in the presence of alumina or cerium-zirconia particles (≈50 nm diameter) at two concentrations (100 or 500 μg ml-1). Fluorescent alumina particles were also used. The following properties were analyzed: cell morphology, cytoplasmic ceramic incorporation (using confocal and transmission electron microscopy) and migration (using a silicon insert). Sedimentation field-flow fractionation (SdFFF) was also used to evaluate the rate of incorporation of ceramic particles into the cells. Finally, after treatment with various concentrations of ceramic particles, fibroblasts were also included in a collagen type I lattice constituting a dermal equivalent (DE), and the collagen lattice retraction and cell proliferation were evaluated. In monolayer conditions, the presence of both alumina and cerium-zirconia ceramic particles did not cause any deleterious effects on cultured cells (dermal fibroblast and WI26 cells) and cell fate was not affected in any way by the presence of ceramic particles in the cytoplasm. Confocal (using fluorescent alumina particles) and electron microscopy (using both alumina and cerium-zirconia particles) showed that ceramic particles were internalized in the WI26 cells. Using fluorescent membrane labeling and fluorescent alumina particles, a membrane was observed around the particle-containing vesicles present in the cytoplasm. Electron microscopy on WI26 cells showed the presence of a classical bilayer membrane around the ceramic particles. Interestingly, SdFFF confirmed that some dermal fibroblasts contained many alumina ceramic particles while others contained very few; in WI26 cells, the uptake of alumina ceramic was more homogeneous. In DE, collagen lattice retraction and cell proliferation were unchanged when WI26 fibroblastic cells contained alumina or cerium-zirconia ceramic particles. Our data suggest that ceramic particles are internalized in the cells by endocytosis. The presence of ceramic particles in the cytoplasm has no affect on cell behavior, confirming the excellent biocompatibility of this material and anticipating a minimal harmful effect of potential wear debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Antoine Faye
- University of Limoges, EA 6309 'Myeline maintenance and peripheral neuropathies', Limoges, F-87000 France
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32
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Morgan KY, Sklaviadis D, Tochka ZL, Fischer KM, Hearon K, Morgan TD, Langer R, Freed LE. Multi-Material Tissue Engineering Scaffold with Hierarchical Pore Architecture. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2016; 26:5873-5883. [PMID: 27942257 PMCID: PMC5142531 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201601146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Multi-material polymer scaffolds with multiscale pore architectures were characterized and tested with vascular and heart cells as part of a platform for replacing damaged heart muscle. Vascular and muscle scaffolds were constructed from a new material, poly(limonene thioether) (PLT32i), which met the design criteria of slow biodegradability, elastomeric mechanical properties, and facile processing. The vascular-parenchymal interface was a poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) porous membrane that met different criteria of rapid biodegradability, high oxygen permeance, and high porosity. A hierarchical architecture of primary (macroscale) and secondary (microscale) pores was created by casting the PLT32i prepolymer onto sintered spheres of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) within precisely patterned molds followed by photocuring, de-molding, and leaching out the PMMA. Pre-fabricated polymer templates were cellularized, assembled, and perfused in order to engineer spatially organized, contractile heart tissue. Structural and functional analyses showed that the primary pores guided heart cell alignment and enabled robust perfusion while the secondary pores increased heart cell retention and reduced polymer volume fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Ye Morgan
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, and Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Demetra Sklaviadis
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, and Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zachary L. Tochka
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, and Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kristin M. Fischer
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, and Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Keith Hearon
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, and Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Thomas D. Morgan
- Harvard University School of Engineering & Applied Science, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, and Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lisa E. Freed
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, and Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Materials Engineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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33
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Leclercq A, Veillat V, Loriot S, Spuul P, Madonna F, Roques X, Génot E. A Methodology for Concomitant Isolation of Intimal and Adventitial Endothelial Cells from the Human Thoracic Aorta. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143144. [PMID: 26599408 PMCID: PMC4658207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic diseases are diverse and involve a multiplicity of biological systems in the vascular wall. Aortic dissection, which is usually preceded by aortic aneurysm, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in modern societies. Although the endothelium is now known to play an important role in vascular diseases, its contribution to aneurysmal aortic lesions remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to define a reliable methodology for the isolation of aortic intimal and adventitial endothelial cells in order to throw light on issues relevant to endothelial cell biology in aneurysmal diseases. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We set up protocols to isolate endothelial cells from both the intima and the adventitia of human aneurysmal aortic vessel segments. Throughout the procedure, analysis of cell morphology and endothelial markers allowed us to select an endothelial fraction which after two rounds of expansion yielded a population of >90% pure endothelial cells. These cells have the features and functionalities of freshly isolated cells and can be used for biochemical studies. The technique was successfully used for aortic vessel segments of 20 patients and 3 healthy donors. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This simple and highly reproducible method allows the simultaneous preparation of reasonably pure primary cultures of intimal and adventitial human endothelial cells, thus providing a reliable source for investigating their biology and involvement in both thoracic aneurysms and other aortic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Leclercq
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, U1045, Bordeaux, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (AL); (EG)
| | - Véronique Veillat
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandrine Loriot
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- SFR TransBioMed, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pirjo Spuul
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Francesco Madonna
- Service de chirurgie cardiaque et vasculaire, Hôpital Haut-L’Evêque, Pessac, France
| | - Xavier Roques
- Service de chirurgie cardiaque et vasculaire, Hôpital Haut-L’Evêque, Pessac, France
| | - Elisabeth Génot
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, U1045, Bordeaux, France
- * E-mail: (AL); (EG)
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34
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Enhanced assay of endothelial exocytosis using extracellular matrix components. Anal Biochem 2014; 452:19-24. [PMID: 24561025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Vascular inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The first step in vascular inflammation is endothelial exocytosis, in which endothelial granules fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing prothrombotic and proinflammatory messenger molecules. The development of cell culture models to study endothelial exocytosis has been challenging because the factors that modulate exocytosis in vitro are not well understood. Here we report a method for studying endothelial exocytosis that optimizes extracellular matrix components, cell density, and duration of culture. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells plated on collagen I-coated plates and cultured in the confluent state for 7-12 days in low-serum medium showed robust secretion of von Willebrand factor when stimulated with various agonists. This exocytosis assay is rapid and applicable to high-throughput screening.
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35
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Jiménez N, Post JA. A novel permeabilization protocol to obtain intracellular 3D immunolabeling for electron tomography. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1174:285-295. [PMID: 24947390 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0944-5_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Electron tomography (ET) is a very important high-resolution tool for 3D imaging in cell biology. By combining the technique with immunolabeling, ET can provide essential insights into both cellular architecture and dynamics. We recently developed a protocol to achieve 3D immunolabeling of intracellular antigens without the need for uncontrolled permeabilization steps that cause random, extensive cell membrane disruption. Here we describe this novel method based on well-controlled permeabilization by targeted laser cell perforation. Mechanical permeabilization of the plasma membrane can be applied at specific sites without affecting other parts of the plasma membrane and intracellular membranes. Despite the relatively small opening created in the plasma membrane, the method allows specific 3D immunolocalization of cytoplasmic antigens in cultured cells by a pre-embedment protocol. The approach is unique and leads to a superior ultrastructural preservation for transmission electron microscopy and electron tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Jiménez
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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