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Singh SK, Yadav P, Patel D, Tanwar SS, Sherawat A, Khurana A, Bhatti JS, Navik U. Betaine ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis through the modulation of AMPK/Nrf2/TGF-β expression. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:4134-4147. [PMID: 38651543 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with potent anti-cancer activity. Nevertheless, despite having effective anti-neoplasm activity, its use has been clinically restricted due to its life-threatening side effects, such as cardiotoxicity. It is evident that betaine has anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity and has several beneficial effects, such as decreasing the amyloid-β generation, reducing obesity, improving steatosis and fibrosis, and activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). However, whether betaine could mitigate DOX-induced cardiomyopathy is still unexplored. Cardiomyopathy was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats using DOX (4 mg/kg dose with a cumulative dose of 20 mg/kg, i.p.). Further, betaine (200 and 400 mg/kg) was co-treated with DOX through oral gavage for 28 days. After the completion of the study, several biochemical, oxidative stress parameters, histopathology, western blotting, and qRT-PCR were performed. Betaine treatment significantly reduced CK-MB, LDH, SGOT, and triglyceride levels, which are associated with cardiotoxicity. DOX-induced increased oxidative stress was also mitigated by betaine intervention as the SOD, catalase, MDA, and nitrite levels were restored. The histopathological investigation also confirmed the cardioprotective effect of betaine against DOX-induced cardiomyopathy as the tissue injury was reversed. Further, molecular analysis revealed that betaine suppressed the DOX-induced increased expression of phospho-p53, phospho-p38 MAPK, NF-kB p65, and PINK 1 with an upregulation of AMPK and downregulation of Nrf2 expression. Interestingly, qRT-PCR experiments show that betaine treatment alleviates the DOX-induced increase in inflammatory (TNF-α, NLRP3, and IL-6) and fibrosis (TGF-β and Acta2) related gene expression, halting the cardiac injury. Interestingly, betaine also improves the mRNA expression of Nrf2, thus modulating the expression of antioxidant proteins and preventing oxidative damage. Here, we provide the first evidence that betaine treatment prevents DOX-induced cardiomyopathy by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis by regulating AMPK/Nrf2/TGF-β expression. We believe that betaine can be utilized as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for preventing DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Poonam Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Dhaneshvaree Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sampat Singh Tanwar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Abhishek Sherawat
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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Sun K, Li Z, Li W, Chi C, Wang M, Xu R, Gao Y, Li B, Sun Y, Liu R. Investigating the anti-atherosclerotic effects and potential mechanism of Dalbergia odorifera in ApoE-deficient mice using network pharmacology combined with metabolomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 242:116017. [PMID: 38387125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Dalbergia odorifera (DO) is a precious rosewood species in Southern Asia, and its heartwood is used in China as an official plant for invigorating blood circulation and eliminating stasis. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of DO on atherosclerosis (AS), and further explore its active components and potential mechanisms. The apolipoprotein-E (ApoE)-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet were used as model animals, and the pathological changes in mice with or without DO treatment were compared to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of DO on AS. The mechanisms were preliminarily expounded by combining with metabolomics and network pharmacology. Moreover, the bioactive components and targets were assessed by cell experiments and molecular docking, respectively. Our findings suggested that DO significantly modulated blood lipid levels and alleviated intimal hyperplasia in atherosclerotic-lesioned mice, and the mechanisms may involve the regulation of 18 metabolites that changed during the progression of AS, thus affecting 3 major metabolic pathways and 3 major signaling pathways. Moreover, the interactions between 16 compounds with anti-proliferative effect and hub targets in the 3 signaling pathways were verified using molecular docking. Collectively, our findings preliminarily support the therapeutic effect of DO in atherosclerosis, meanwhile explore the active constituents and potential pharmacological mechanisms, which is conducive to its reasonable exploitation and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Zongchao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Chenglin Chi
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Minjun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Ruoxuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Shandong International Biotechnology Park Development Co., Ltd, Yantai, China
| | - Bing Li
- Shandong International Biotechnology Park Development Co., Ltd, Yantai, China
| | - Yiying Sun
- Shandong International Biotechnology Park Development Co., Ltd, Yantai, China
| | - Rongxia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
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Patel D, Yadav P, Singh SK, Tanwar SS, Sehrawat A, Khurana A, Bhatti JS, Navik U. Betaine alleviates doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity by preventing oxidative insults, inflammation, and fibrosis through the modulation of Nrf2/HO-1/NLRP3 and TGF-β expression. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23559. [PMID: 37840533 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is an anthracycline antibiotic used to treat various cancers and shows severe toxicity in multiple organ systems, including kidneys. Evidence shows that betaine's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties could prevent the onset of several disorders. Hence, the present study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of betaine on Dox-induced nephrotoxicity (DIN). Nephrotoxicity was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats using Dox at a dose of 4 mg/kg (cumulative dose: 20 mg/kg) by the intraperitoneal route and cotreated with betaine through oral gavage (200 and 400 mg/kg) for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, biochemical, oxidative stress parameters, histopathology, and qRT-PCR were performed. DIN was indicated by elevated serum creatinine, urea, and decreased albumin levels representing kidney damage; the histopathological lesions (increased capsular space, renal tubule damage, and fibrosis) in renal tissues supported these biochemical findings. Interestingly, betaine treatment improves these alterations in Dox-treated rats. Further, betaine treatment decreases the lipid peroxidation and nitrite concentration and increases the superoxide dismutases and catalase enzyme concentration in Dox-treated rats. Fascinatingly, at the molecular level, DIN in rats shows upregulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 gene, while betaine treatment attenuated its expression along with the downregulation of inflammatory genes (NLRP3, TLR-4, TNF-α, and IL-6) and fibrosis-related genes (TGF-β and Acta2) expression in Dox-treated rats. These results showed that betaine has reno-protective properties by reducing inflammatory and fibrotic mediators and enhancing antioxidant capacity in the renal tissue of rats treated with Dox. We believe betaine can be exploited as a dietary supplement to attenuate DIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaneshvaree Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Poonam Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sumeet K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sampat S Tanwar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Abhishek Sehrawat
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jasvinder S Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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Fu J, Deng W, Ge J, Fu S, Li P, Wu H, Wang J, Gao Y, Gao H, Wu T. Sirtuin 1 alleviates alcoholic liver disease by inhibiting HMGB1 acetylation and translocation. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16480. [PMID: 38034869 PMCID: PMC10688304 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) encompasses a spectrum of liver disorders resulting from prolonged alcohol consumption and is influenced by factors such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) plays a pivotal role in ALD due to its involvement in inflammation and immune responses. Another key factor, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), an NAD+-dependent deacetylase, is known for its roles in cellular stress responses and metabolic regulation. Despite individual studies on HMGB1 and SIRT1 in ALD, their specific molecular interactions and combined effects on disease advancement remain incompletely understood. Methods Alcohol-induced liver injury (ALI) models were established using HepG2 cells and male C57BL/6 mice. HMGB1 and SIRT1 expressions were assessed at the mRNA and protein levels usingreverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunofluorescence staining. The physical interaction between HMGB1 and SIRT1 was investigated using co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence co-expression analyses. Cellular viability was evaluated using the CCK-8 assay. Results In patients with clinical ALI, HMGB1 mRNA levels were elevated, while SIRT1 expression was reduced, indicating a negative correlation between the two. ALI models were successfully established in cells and mice, as evidenced by increased markers of cellular and liver damage. HMGB1 acetylation and translocation were observed in both ALI cells and mouse models. Treatment with the SIRT1 agonist, SRT1720, reversed the upregulation of HMGB1 acetylation, nuclear translocation, and release in the ethyl alcohol (EtOH) group. Furthermore, SIRT1 significantly attenuated ALI. Importantly, in vivo binding was confirmed between SIRT1 and HMGB1. Conclusions SIRT1 alleviates HMGB1 acetylation and translocation, thereby ameliorating ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hainan General Hospital/Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hainan General Hospital/Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jun Ge
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hainan General Hospital/Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shengqi Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hainan General Hospital/Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Panpan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hainan General Hospital/Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Huazhi Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hainan General Hospital/Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hainan General Hospital/Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hainan General Hospital/Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hainan General Hospital/Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hainan General Hospital/Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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Cao Y, Fang X, Sun M, Zhang Y, Shan M, Lan X, Zhu D, Luo H. Preventive and therapeutic effects of natural products and herbal extracts on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3867-3897. [PMID: 37449926 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common condition that is prevalent in patients who consume little or no alcohol, and is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver. The disease is becoming increasingly common with the rapid economic development of countries. Long-term accumulation of excess fat can lead to NAFLD, which represents a global health problem with no effective therapeutic approach. NAFLD is a complex, multifaceted pathological process that has been the subject of extensive research over the past few decades. Herbal medicines have gained attention as potential therapeutic agents to prevent and treat NAFLD due to their high efficacy and low risk of side effects. Our overview is based on a PubMed and Web of Science database search as of Dec 22 with the keywords: NAFLD/NASH Natural products and NAFLD/NASH Herbal extract. In this review, we evaluate the use of herbal medicines in the treatment of NAFLD. These natural resources have the potential to inform innovative drug research and the development of treatments for NAFLD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxue Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yegang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyao Shan
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xintian Lan
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Difu Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haoming Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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DeWulf B, Minsart L, Verdonk F, Kruys V, Piagnerelli M, Maze M, Saxena S. High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1): Potential Target in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071088. [PMID: 37048161 PMCID: PMC10093266 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) remains a challenge for intensivists that is exacerbated by lack of an effective diagnostic tool and an unambiguous definition to properly identify SAE patients. Risk factors for SAE development include age, genetic factors as well as pre-existing neuropsychiatric conditions. Sepsis due to certain infection sites/origins might be more prone to encephalopathy development than other cases. Currently, ICU management of SAE is mainly based on non-pharmacological support. Pre-clinical studies have described the role of the alarmin high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the complex pathogenesis of SAE. Although there are limited data available about the role of HMGB1 in neuroinflammation following sepsis, it has been implicated in other neurologic disorders, where its translocation from the nucleus to the extracellular space has been found to trigger neuroinflammatory reactions and disrupt the blood–brain barrier. Negating the inflammatory cascade, by targeting HMGB1, may be a strategy to complement non-pharmacologic interventions directed against encephalopathy. This review describes inflammatory cascades implicating HMGB1 and strategies for its use to mitigate sepsis-induced encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram DeWulf
- Department of Anesthesia—Critical Care, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge Oostende AV, 8000 Bruges, Belgium
| | - Laurens Minsart
- Department of Anesthesia, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Franck Verdonk
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, GRC 29, DMU DREAM, Hôpital Saint-Antoine and Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Kruys
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the Gene, Department of Molecular Biology, Free University of Brussels (ULB), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Michael Piagnerelli
- Department of Intensive Care, CHU-Charleroi, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6042 Charleroi, Belgium
- Experimental Medicine Laboratory (ULB Unit 222), CHU-Charleroi, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Mervyn Maze
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sarah Saxena
- Department of Anesthesia—Critical Care, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge Oostende AV, 8000 Bruges, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the Gene, Department of Molecular Biology, Free University of Brussels (ULB), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
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Oh MR, Jung SJ, Chae SW, Park BH, Lee SO. Lycium chinense Miller fruit extract lowers liver enzyme levels in subjects with mild hepatic dysfunction: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1415-1425. [PMID: 36629892 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In our previous study, we showed that Lycium chinense Miller fruit extract (LFE) exerted hepatoprotective effects in mice. In the current study, we examined the effect of LFE on liver enzyme levels in subjects with mild hepatic dysfunction. METHODS A total of 90 subjects, aged 19 to 70 years old, with abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, were randomly placed into either an LFE (n = 45) treatment group or a placebo group (n = 45). During the 12-week clinical trial, subjects in each group received either LFE or placebo capsules, and were instructed to take four tablets per day (1760 mg/day). The primary outcome of the study was the changes of ALT and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels in each subject. The safety of LFE supplementation was assessed and adverse events were recorded. RESULTS LFE supplementation for 12 weeks resulted in a significant reduction of ALT (P = 0.0498) and GGT (P = 0.0368) levels in comparison to the placebo. No clinically significant changes were observed in any safety parameters. CONCLUSION These results suggest that LFE can be applied to subjects with mild hepatic dysfunction with no possible side effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered at the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) as no. KCT0003985.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ra Oh
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jung
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54907, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Wan Chae
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54907, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Ok Lee
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54907, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54907, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Luo L, Chang Y, Sheng L. Gut-liver axis in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: From the microbial derivatives-centered perspective. Life Sci 2023; 321:121614. [PMID: 36965522 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the world's most common chronic liver diseases. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. With the deepening of research, NAFLD is considered a metabolic syndrome associated with the environment, heredity, and metabolic disorders. Recently, the close relationship between the intestinal microbiome and NAFLD has been discovered, and the theory of the "gut-liver axis" has been proposed. In short, the gut bacteria directly reach the liver via the portal vein through the damaged intestinal wall or indirectly participate in the development of NAFLD through signaling pathways mediated by their components and metabolites. This review focuses on the roles of microbiota-derived lipopolysaccharide, DNA, peptidoglycan, bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, endogenous ethanol, choline and its metabolites, indole and its derivatives, and bilirubin and its metabolites in the progression of NAFLD, which may provide significative insights into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment for this highly prevalent liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Luo
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yongchun Chang
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Li Sheng
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
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Abstract
Liver fibrosis has a high incidence worldwide and is the common pathological basis of many chronic liver diseases. Liver fibrosis is caused by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix and concomitant collagen accumulation in livers and can lead to the development of liver cirrhosis and even liver cancer. A large number of studies have provided evidence that liver fibrosis can be blocked or even reversed by appropriate medical interventions. However, the antifibrosis drugs with ideal clinical efficacy are still insufficient. The edible plant-derived natural compounds have been reported to exert effective antifibrotic effects with few side-effects, representing a kind of promising source for the treatment of liver fibrosis. In this article, we reviewed the current progress of the natural compounds derived from dietary plants in the treatment of liver fibrosis, including phenolic compounds (capsaicin, chlorogenic acid, curcumin, ellagic acid, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, resveratrol, sinapic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid and vitamin E), flavonoid compounds (genistein, hesperidin, hesperetin, naringenin, naringin and quercetin), sulfur-containing compounds (S-allylcysteine, ergothioneine, lipoic acid and sulforaphane) and other compounds (betaine, caffeine, cucurbitacin B, lycopene, α-mangostin, γ-mangostin, ursolic acid, vitamin C and yangonin). The pharmacological effects and related mechanisms of these compounds in in-vivo and in-vitro models of liver fibrosis are focused.
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Khanmohammadi S, Kuchay MS. Toll-like receptors and metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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11
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Liu H, Wang T, Chen X, Jiang J, Song N, Li R, Xin Y, Xuan S. Retraction Statement: Inhibition of miR-499-5p expression improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Ann Hum Genet 2022; 86:369. [PMID: 31960406 PMCID: PMC9787480 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanyun Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Municipal Laiyang Central Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Nianhua Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yongning Xin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shiying Xuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.,Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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12
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Çakır Gündoğdu A, Kar F, Özbayer C. Investigation of the Gastroprotective Effect of Betaine-Homocysteine Homeostasis on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis in Ethanol-Induced Ulcer Model. J INVEST SURG 2022; 35:1806-1817. [PMID: 36154440 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2022.2126566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: There is a growing interest in the use of natural compounds for the treatment of gastric ulcers. The multifunctional roles of betaine in various diseases make this natural substance a favorable pre-drug for ulcer treatment. This study aims to determine the competence of betaine in gastroprotection against ethanol-induced damage and to explore underlying mechanisms considering its effects on liver and kidney activity and blood parameters.Methods: Wistar albino rats were orally treated with vehicle (distilled water) or betaine (250 mg/kg) for twenty-one days and then ulcer formation was induced by ingestion of 75% ethanol. Gastric mucosal damage was evaluated by gross examination and histopathological analysis. Homocysteine levels, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TAS), antioxidant enzymes and pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, routine biochemical tests were performed and hematological parameters were analyzed.Results: Betaine ameliorated any gastric mucosal damage and reduced homocysteine levels significantly. The TOS and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were decreased while the TAS, glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase (CAT) activity were increased upon the betaine treatment. Betaine reduced apoptosis by regulating Bax and Bcl-2 levels, however, it did not alter inflammatory mediators. Additionally, betaine improved serum potassium (K+) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, whereas it increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and impaired hematological parameters.Conclusions: Altogether, these data illustrated that betaine exhibits a gastroprotective effect against ulcers through the homocysteine pathway by modulating oxidative stress in the gastric tissue; however, its systemic effects should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Çakır Gündoğdu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Fatih Kar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Cansu Özbayer
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya, Turkey
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13
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Shaaban HH, Alzaim I, El-Mallah A, Aly RG, El-Yazbi AF, Wahid A. Metformin, pioglitazone, dapagliflozin and their combinations ameliorate manifestations associated with NAFLD in rats via anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Life Sci 2022; 308:120956. [PMID: 36103959 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important health threat that is strongly linked to components of metabolic syndrome, particularly the low-grade inflammatory changes. Significantly, several of the available anti-diabetic drug classes demonstrate a considerable anti-inflammatory effect, and hence might be of benefit for NAFLD patients. In this study, we used a rat model of diet-induced NAFLD to examine the potential effect of metformin, pioglitazone, dapagliflozin and their combinations on NAFLD manifestations. Rats were fed an atherogenic diet containing 1.25 % cholesterol, 0.5 % cholic acid and 60 % cocoa butter for 6 weeks causing a number of metabolic and hepatic alterations including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, systemic inflammation, increased hepatic oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation, as well as increased markers of liver inflammation and hepatocyte apoptosis. Drug treatment, which started at the third week of NAFLD induction and continued for three weeks, not only ameliorated the observed metabolic impairment, but also functional and structural manifestations of NAFLD. Specifically, anti-diabetic drug treatment reversed markers of systemic and hepatic inflammation, oxidative stress, hepatic fibrosis, and hepatocyte apoptosis. Our findings propose that anti-diabetic drugs with a potential anti-inflammatory effect can ameliorate the manifestations of NAFLD, and thus may provide a therapeutic option for such a condition that is closely associated with metabolic diseases. The detailed pharmacology of these classes in aspects linked to the observed impact on NAFLD requires to be further investigated and translated into clinical studies for tailored therapy specifically targeting NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hager H Shaaban
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim Alzaim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine the American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed El-Mallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Rania G Aly
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Wahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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14
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Guo F, Jing M, Zhang A, Yu Y, Gao P, Wang Q, Wang L, Xu Z, Ma J, Zhang Y. Betaine Alleviates LPS-Induced Chicken Skeletal Muscle Inflammation with the Epigenetic Modulation of the TLR4 Gene. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151899. [PMID: 35892549 PMCID: PMC9330308 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The poultry meat we eat is the skeletal muscle which comprises approximately three-quarters of the body weight of a chicken. In the modern poultry industry, the intensively raised broilers face the risk of exposure to environmental factors which can cause acute or chronic systemic inflammation. Inflammation, in return, contributes to the pathology of skeletal muscle diseases which are characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass. By adding betaine, a natural component, into the water of the newly hatched broilers for two weeks, we found that inflammation-related gene expression in the leg muscle was remarkably reduced. Specifically, we found that betaine inhibited the LPS-induced abnormal expression of IL-6 and TLR4. Further study indicated that the methylation modulation of the gene may be involved in betaine’s action. We suggest that betaine could be considered a safe and cheap preventive reagent candidate for chicken skeletal muscle inflammatory diseases. Abstract Betaine was found to alleviate inflammation in different studies. Here, newly hatched broilers were randomly divided into control and betaine consumptive groups, who had access to normal drinking water and water with betaine at a dose of 1000 mg/L, respectively. At the age of two weeks, the boilers were intraperitoneally treated with LPS. The protective effects of betaine against LPS-induced skeletal muscle inflammation were studied. Betaine attenuated the LPS-induced overexpression of IL-6 significantly in the leg muscle. Furthermore, LPS lowered the expression of TLR4 and TLR2 but increased the expression of MyD88. Betaine eliminated the effect of LPS on the expression of TLR4 but not TLR2 and MyD88. LPS also increased the expression of Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (Tet2), and this effect was also eliminated by betaine consumption. MeDIP-qPCR analysis showed that the methylation level in the promoter region of IL-6 was decreased by LPS treatment, whilst betaine cannot prevent this effect. On the contrary, LPS significantly increase the methylation level in the promoter region of TLR4, which was decreased by the consumption of betaine. Our findings suggest that betaine can alleviate LPS-induced muscle inflammation in chicken, and the regulation of aberrant DNA methylation might be a possible mechanism.
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15
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Effects of Amino Acids Supplementation on Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in HepG2 Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153050. [PMID: 35893906 PMCID: PMC9332103 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes are representing symptoms of metabolic syndrome, which is often accompanied with hepatic fat accumulation and insulin resistance. Since liver is the major site of glucose and lipid metabolism, this study aimed to understand the effects of SCAAs and BCAAs supplementations on glucose and lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells. These cells were pretreated with SAMe, betaine, taurine, and BCAA for 24 h, followed by treatments of a high concentration of glucose (50 mM) or palmitic acid (PA, 0.5 mM) for 48 h to simulate high-glucose and high-fat environments. Pretreatment of BCAA and SCAAs inhibited the fat accumulation. At the transcriptional level, glucose and PA treatment led to significant increase of mRNA gluconeogenic enzyme. The mRNA expression level of GLUT2 was decreased by 20% in the SAMe-treated group and inhibited glucose synthesis by reducing the level of gluconeogenic enzyme. After SAMe or BCAA pretreatment, the mRNA expression of lipogenic enzymes was decreased. The PPAR-γ expression was increased after BCAA pretreatment, but SAMe not only downregulated the expression of PPAR-γ, but also inhibited the expression of ChREBP approximately 20% and SREBP-1c decreased by about 15%. Taken together, the effect of SAMe on glucose and lipid metabolism is significant especially on inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis under the metabolic syndrome environment.
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16
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Betaine Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Disruptionof Hepatic Lipid and Iron Homeostasis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116263. [PMID: 35682942 PMCID: PMC9180950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive fat deposition in the liver, which is often associated with disrupted iron homeostasis. Betaine has been reported to be hepatoprotective, yet whether and how betaine ameliorates high-fat diet-induced disruption of hepatic lipid and iron homeostasis remains elusive. In this study, mice were fed either standard (CON) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 9 weeks to establish a NAFLD model. Mice raised on HF diet were then assigned randomly to HF and HFB groups, HFB group being supplemented with 1% (w/v) of betaine in the drinking water for 13 weeks. Betaine supplementation significantly alleviated excessive hepatic lipid deposition and restored hepatic iron content. Betaine partly yet significantly reversed HFD-induced dysregulation of lipogenic genes such as PRARγ and CD36, as well as the iron-metabolic genes including FPN and HAMP that encodes hepcidin. Similar mitigation effects of betaine were observed for BMP2 and BMP6, the up-stream regulators of hepcidin expression. Betaine significantly rectified disrupted expression of methyl transfer gene, including BHMT, GNMT and DNMT1. Moreover, HFD-modified CpG methylation on the promoter of PRARγ and HAMP genes was significantly reversed by betaine supplementation. These results indicate that betaine alleviates HFD-induced disruption of hepatic lipid and iron metabolism, which is associated with modification of CpG methylation on promoter of lipogenic and iron-metabolic genes.
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17
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Miao H, Ouyang H, Guo Q, Wei M, Lu B, Kai G, Ji L. Chlorogenic acid alleviated liver fibrosis in methionine and choline deficient diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice and its mechanism. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 106:109020. [PMID: 35472433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), one of the most common chronic liver diseases, is a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) accompanied by the development of liver fibrosis. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a natural polyphenolic compound. This study aims to observe the CGA-provided alleviation on liver fibrosis in methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH in mice and to elucidate its engaged mechanism. CGA attenuated hepatocellular injury, decreased the elevated hepatic lipids accumulation and attenuated liver fibrosis by reducing hepatic collagen deposition in mice fed with MCD diet. CGA abrogated the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and promoted mitochondrial biogenesis both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the CGA-provided inhibition on HSCs activation in vitro was obviously disappeared after the application of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1alpha (PGC1α) siRNA. CGA reduced the enhanced hepatic extracellular matrix (ECM) expression and the elevated serum high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) content in mice fed with MCD diet. CGA decreased the HMGB1-induced ECM production in both human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). CGA also weakly promoted mitochondrial biogenesis in both LSECs and HUVECs incubated with HMGB1. Hence, CGA ameliorated hepatic fibrosis in mice fed with MCD diet through inhibiting HSCs activation via promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and reducing the HMGB1-initiated ECM production in hepatic vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Miao
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hao Ouyang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qian Guo
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengjuan Wei
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bin Lu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402, China.
| | - Lili Ji
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Betaine Supplementation Causes an Increase in Fatty Acid Oxidation and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Livers of Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet: A Proteomic Analysis. Foods 2022; 11:foods11060881. [PMID: 35327303 PMCID: PMC8949908 DOI: 10.3390/foods11060881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Betaine, a common methyl donor whose methylation is involved in the biosynthesis of carnitine and phospholipids in animals, serves as food and animal feed additive. The present study used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to analyze the liver protein profile of mice on a high fat (HF) diet to investigate the mechanism by which betaine affects hepatic metabolism. Although betaine supplementation had no significant effect on body weight, a total of 103 differentially expressed proteins were identified between HF diet + 1% betaine group (HFB) and HF diet group by LC-MS (fold change > 2, p < 0.05). The addition of 1% betaine had a significant enhancement of the expression of enzymes related to fatty acid oxidation metabolism, such as hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase (HADHA), enoyl Coenzyme A hydratase 1 (ECHS1) (p < 0.05) etc., and the expression of apolipoprotein A-II (APOA2) protein was significantly reduced (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, the protein expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and succinate-CoA ligase (SUCLG1) were highly significant (p < 0.01). Pathway enrichment using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) revealed that the functions of differential proteins involved fatty acid catabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) signaling pathway. Protein−protein interaction (PPI) analysis discovered that acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1), HADHA and ECHS1 were central hubs of hepatic proteomic changes in the HFB group of mice. Betaine alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation by enhancing fatty acid oxidation and accelerating the TCA cycle and glycolytic process in the liver of mice on an HF diet.
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Blood Metabolomic Phenotyping of Dry Cows Could Predict the High Milk Somatic Cells in Early Lactation—Preliminary Results. DAIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy3010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is a very common disease of dairy cows. Currently, somatic cell count (SCC) is used for SCM diagnoses. There are no prognostic tests to detect which cows may develop SCM during the dry-off period. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to identify metabolic alterations in the serum of pre-SCM cows during the dry-off period, at −8 and −4 weeks before calving, through a targeted mass spectrometry (MS) assay. Fifteen cows, free of any disease, and 10 cows affected only by SCM postpartum served as controls (CON) and the SCM group, respectively. Results showed 59 and 47 metabolites that differentiated (p ≤ 0.05) CON and pre-SCM cows at –8 and −4 weeks prior to the expected date of parturition, respectively. Regression analysis indicated that a panel of four serum metabolites (AUC = 0.92, p < 0.001) at −8 weeks and another four metabolites (AUC = 0.92, p < 0.01) at −4 weeks prior to parturition might serve as predictive biomarkers for SCM. Early identification of susceptible cows can enable development of better preventive measurements ahead of disease occurrence.
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20
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Wang C, Ma C, Gong L, Dai S, Li Y. Preventive and therapeutic role of betaine in liver disease: A review on molecular mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174604. [PMID: 34743980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Betaine is a kind of water-soluble quaternary amine-type alkaloid widely existing in food, such as wheat germ, beet, spinach, shrimp and wolfberry. As an important methyl donor and osmotic pressure regulator in human body, betaine plays an important role in a variety of physiological activities. In recent years, a large number of literatures have shown that betaine has good preventive and therapeutic effects on many liver diseases, including chemical or drug-induced liver injury, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Therefore, by searching the databases of Web of Science, PubMed, SciFinder and CNKI, this paper has summarized the molecular mechanisms of betaine in improving liver diseases. The results show that the improvement of liver diseases by betaine is closely related to a variety of molecular mechanisms, including inhibition of inflammatory response, improvement of insulin resistance, reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, alleviation of liver oxidative stress, increase of autophagy, remodeling of intestinal flora and regulation of epigenetic modification. More importantly, nuclear transcription factor kappa (NF-κB), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α/γ (PPAR-α/γ), liver X receptor α (LXRα), protein kinase B (Akt), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) signaling pathways are considered as important molecular targets for betaine to improve liver diseases. These important findings will provide a direction and basis for further exploring the pathogenesis of various liver diseases and tapping the potential of betaine in the clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lihong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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21
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Masoodi M, Gastaldelli A, Hyötyläinen T, Arretxe E, Alonso C, Gaggini M, Brosnan J, Anstee QM, Millet O, Ortiz P, Mato JM, Dufour JF, Orešič M. Metabolomics and lipidomics in NAFLD: biomarkers and non-invasive diagnostic tests. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:835-856. [PMID: 34508238 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide and is often associated with aspects of metabolic syndrome. Despite its prevalence and the importance of early diagnosis, there is a lack of robustly validated biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of disease progression in response to a given treatment. In this Review, we provide an overview of the contribution of metabolomics and lipidomics in clinical studies to identify biomarkers associated with NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In addition, we highlight the key metabolic pathways in NAFLD and NASH that have been identified by metabolomics and lipidomics approaches and could potentially be used as biomarkers for non-invasive diagnostic tests. Overall, the studies demonstrated alterations in amino acid metabolism and several aspects of lipid metabolism including circulating fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids and bile acids. Although we report several studies that identified potential biomarkers, few have been validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Masoodi
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- School of Natural Sciences and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Enara Arretxe
- OWL Metabolomics, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Quentin M Anstee
- Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Oscar Millet
- Precision Medicine & Metabolism, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Pablo Ortiz
- OWL Metabolomics, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Jose M Mato
- Precision Medicine & Metabolism, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Jean-Francois Dufour
- University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Hepatology, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matej Orešič
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden. .,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
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22
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Rehman A, Mehta KJ. Betaine in ameliorating alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:1167-1176. [PMID: 34817678 PMCID: PMC8921017 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (AALD) is one of most common chronic liver diseases. Hepatic steatosis is the earliest stage in AALD pathological spectrum, reversible by alcohol abstinence. Untreated steatosis can progress to steatohepatitis, fibrosis and/or cirrhosis. Considering the difficulties in achieving complete abstinence, challenges in disease reversal at advanced stages, high costs of AALD management and lack of standardised prescribed medications for treatment, it is essential to explore low-cost natural compounds that can target AALD at an early stage and halt or decelerate disease progression. Betaine is a non-hazardous naturally occurring nutrient. Here, we address the mechanisms of alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis, the role of betaine in reversing the effects i.e., its action against hepatic steatosis in animal models and humans, and the associated cellular and molecular processes. Accordingly, the review discusses how betaine restores the alcohol-induced reduction in methylation potential by elevating the levels of S-adenosylmethionine and methionine. It details how betaine reinstates alcohol-induced alterations in the expressions and/or activities of protein phosphtase-2A, FOXO1, PPAR-α, AMPK, SREBP-1c, fatty acid synthase, diacylglycerol transferase-2, adiponectin and nitric oxide. Interrelationships between these factors in preventing de novo lipogenesis, reducing hepatic uptake of adipose-tissue-derived free fatty acids, promoting VLDL synthesis and secretion, and restoring β-oxidation of fatty acids to attenuate hepatic triglyceride accumulation are elaborated. Despite its therapeutic potential, very few clinical trials have examined betaine’s effect on alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation. This review will provide further confidence to conduct randomised control trials to enable maximum utilisation of betaine’s remedial properties to treat alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Rehman
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kosha J Mehta
- Centre for Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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23
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Nunes S, Viana SD, Preguiça I, Alves A, Fernandes R, Teodoro JS, Matos P, Figueirinha A, Salgueiro L, André A, Silva S, Jarak I, Carvalho RA, Cavadas C, Rolo AP, Palmeira CM, Pintado MM, Reis F. Blueberry Counteracts Prediabetes in a Hypercaloric Diet-Induced Rat Model and Rescues Hepatic Mitochondrial Bioenergetics. Nutrients 2021; 13:4192. [PMID: 34959746 PMCID: PMC8706913 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The paramount importance of a healthy diet in the prevention of type 2 diabetes is now well recognized. Blueberries (BBs) have been described as attractive functional fruits for this purpose. This study aimed to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms pertaining to the protective impact of blueberry juice (BJ) on prediabetes. Using a hypercaloric diet-induced prediabetic rat model, we evaluated the effects of BJ on glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles; gut microbiota composition; intestinal barrier integrity; and metabolic endotoxemia, as well as on hepatic metabolic surrogates, including several related to mitochondria bioenergetics. BJ supplementation for 14 weeks counteracted diet-evoked metabolic deregulation, improving glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and hypertriglyceridemia, along with systemic and hepatic antioxidant properties, without a significant impact on the gut microbiota composition and related mechanisms. In addition, BJ treatment effectively alleviated hepatic steatosis and mitochondrial dysfunction observed in the prediabetic animals, as suggested by the amelioration of bioenergetics parameters and key targets of inflammation, insulin signaling, ketogenesis, and fatty acids oxidation. In conclusion, the beneficial metabolic impact of BJ in prediabetes may be mainly explained by the rescue of hepatic mitochondrial bioenergetics. These findings pave the way to support the use of BJ in prediabetes to prevent diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nunes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (R.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia D. Viana
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (R.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy/Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Inês Preguiça
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (R.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - André Alves
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (R.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (R.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João S. Teodoro
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology (FCTUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.S.T.); (R.A.C.); (A.P.R.); (C.M.P.)
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of Coimbra (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Matos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.M.); (A.F.); (L.S.)
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIEPQPF, Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre Research Center, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Figueirinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.M.); (A.F.); (L.S.)
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.M.); (A.F.); (L.S.)
- CIEPQPF, Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre Research Center, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandra André
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy/Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Sara Silva
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Ivana Jarak
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Rui A. Carvalho
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology (FCTUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.S.T.); (R.A.C.); (A.P.R.); (C.M.P.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry-Clean Technologies and Processes, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of Coimbra (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.M.); (A.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Anabela P. Rolo
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology (FCTUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.S.T.); (R.A.C.); (A.P.R.); (C.M.P.)
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of Coimbra (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Palmeira
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology (FCTUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.S.T.); (R.A.C.); (A.P.R.); (C.M.P.)
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of Coimbra (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria M. Pintado
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (R.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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24
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Rosas-Rodríguez JA, Valenzuela-Soto EM. The glycine betaine role in neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal diseases: Insights into disease and dysfunction networks. Life Sci 2021; 285:119943. [PMID: 34516992 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycine betaine (N, N, N-trimethyl amine) is an osmolyte accumulated in cells that is key for cell volume and turgor regulation, is the principal methyl donor in the methionine cycle and is a DNA and proteins stabilizer. In humans, glycine betaine is synthesized from choline and can be obtained from some foods. Glycine betaine (GB) roles are illustrated in chemical, metabolic, agriculture, and clinical medical studies due to its chemical and physiological properties. Several studies have extensively described GB role and accumulation related to specific pathologies, focusing mainly on analyzing its positive and negative role in these pathologies. However, it is necessary to explain the relationship between glycine betaine and different pathologies concerning its role as an antioxidant, ability to methylate DNA, interact with transcription factors and cell receptors, and participate in the control of homocysteine concentration in liver, kidney and brain. This review summarizes the most important findings and integrates GB role in neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal diseases. Furthermore, we discuss GB impact on other dysfunctions as inflammation, oxidative stress, and glucose metabolism, to understand their cross-talks and provide reliable data to establish a base for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A Rosas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Unidad Regional Sur, Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Elisa M Valenzuela-Soto
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico.
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25
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Wei Z, Xue Y, Xue Y, Cheng J, Lv G, Chu L, Ma Z, Guan S. Ferulic acid attenuates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation through inhibition of the ROCK/NF-κB signaling pathways. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 147:72-80. [PMID: 34294375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA) is a natural polyphenol compound existing in many plants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of FA on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by high-cholesterol and high-fat diet (HCHF) and its possible mechanism. Rats were fed HCHF for 12 weeks to establish NASH model. FA improved liver coefficients and had no effect on body weight changes. FA could reduce serum alanine transferase (ALT) and aspartate transferase (AST) activities. FA attenuated the increase of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels caused by NASH, improved the liver pathological damage induced by NASH, and inhibited the progression of liver fibrosis. FA prevented the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and attenuated the decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Meanwhile, FA significantly restored the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In addition, we also found that FA inhibited the activity of ROCK and the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway in the liver of NASH rats. Overall, FA has a hepatoprotective anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects in NASH rats, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of ROCK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziheng Wei
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Yurun Xue
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Yucong Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Guoping Lv
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Li Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China.
| | - Zhihong Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China.
| | - Shengjiang Guan
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China; Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China.
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26
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Abstract
The increasing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) poses a growing challenge in terms of its prevention and treatment. The 'multiple hits' hypothesis of multiple insults, such as dietary fat intake, de novo lipogenesis, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, gut dysbiosis and hepatic inflammation, can provide a more accurate explanation of the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Betaine plays important roles in regulating the genes associated with NAFLD through anti-inflammatory effects, increased free fatty oxidation, anti-lipogenic effects and improved insulin resistance and mitochondrial function; however, the mechanism of betaine remains elusive.
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27
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Ni YA, Chen H, Nie H, Zheng B, Gong Q. HMGB1: An overview of its roles in the pathogenesis of liver disease. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:987-998. [PMID: 33784425 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0121-277r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an abundant architectural chromosomal protein that has multiple biologic functions: gene transcription, DNA replication, DNA-damage repair, and cell signaling for inflammation. HMGB1 can be released passively by necrotic cells or secreted actively by activated immune cells into the extracellular milieu after injury. Extracellular HMGB1 acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern to initiate the innate inflammatory response to infection and injury by communicating with neighboring cells through binding to specific cell-surface receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Numerous studies have suggested HMGB1 to act as a key protein mediating the pathogenesis of chronic and acute liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Here, we provide a detailed review that focuses on the role of HMGB1 and HMGB1-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ao Ni
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Nie
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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28
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Liu YL, Zhang QZ, Wang YR, Fu LN, Han JS, Zhang J, Wang BM. Astragaloside IV Improves High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Rats by Regulating Inflammatory Factors Level via TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:605064. [PMID: 33708118 PMCID: PMC7941269 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.605064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is the primary bioactive component purified from Astragalus membranaceus which is one of the traditional Chinese medicines. Research studies found that AS-IV has significant pharmacological effects on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, liver cirrhosis, and diabetic nephropathy, but little is known about the effects of AS-IV on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we investigated whether AS-IV has beneficial effects on NAFLD in rats and its potential mechanisms. Methods: Male SD rats were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to establish NAFLD rat model, and then, the rats were divided into five groups. The control group rats were fed with normal diet for 12 weeks and then were given normal saline (1.0 ml kg−1 day−1) by intragastric administration for 4 weeks. The model group rats were fed with HFD for 12 weeks and then were given normal saline (1.0 ml kg−1 day−1) by intragastric administration for 4 weeks. The AS-IV-L, AS-IV-M, and AS-IV-H groups were treated with 20, 40, and 80 mg kg−1 day−1 of AS-IV by intragastric administration for 4 weeks and given HFD diet. Then, we detected serum transaminase (ALT, AST), blood lipid (TG, TC), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α), liver histology(NAFLD activity score), TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway in liver tissue. Results: We found AS-IV significantly reduced serum levels of AST, ALT, TG, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in NAFLD rats and downregulate the expression of TLR4 mRNA, MyD88 mRNA, NF-κB mRNA, and proteins in liver tissue. Moreover, AS-IV could significantly reduce the NAFLD activity score of NAFLD rat liver. Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrated that AS-IV have a protective effect on NAFLD by inhibiting TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 levels and down-regulating TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB expression in rat liver tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Li Liu
- Gastroenterology, the Fourth Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Gastroenterology, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiu-Zan Zhang
- Gastroenterology, the Fourth Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Gastroenterology, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Rong Wang
- Gastroenterology, the Fourth Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Gastroenterology, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li-Na Fu
- Gastroenterology, the Fourth Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Gastroenterology, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Shu Han
- Gastroenterology, the Fourth Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Gastroenterology, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Gastroenterology, the Fourth Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Gastroenterology, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bang-Mao Wang
- Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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29
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Rasineni K, Lee SML, McVicker BL, Osna NA, Casey CA, Kharbanda KK. Susceptibility of Asialoglycoprotein Receptor-Deficient Mice to Lps/Galactosamine Liver Injury and Protection by Betaine Administration. BIOLOGY 2020; 10:biology10010019. [PMID: 33396223 PMCID: PMC7823640 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work from our laboratory has shown that the ethanol-induced increase in apoptotic hepatocellular death is closely related to the impairment in the ability of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) to remove neighboring apoptotic cells. In this study, we assessed the role of ASGP-R in fulminant liver failure and investigated whether prior treatment with betaine (a naturally occurring tertiary amine) is protective. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 50 μg/kg BW) and galactosamine (GalN; 350 mg/kg BW) were injected together to wild-type and ASGP-R-deficient mice that were treated for two weeks prior with or without 2% betaine in drinking water. The mice were sacrificed 1.5, 3, or 4.5 h post-injection, and tissue samples were collected. RESULTS LPS/GalN injection generate distinct molecular processes, which includes increased production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), thus causing apoptosis as evident by increased caspase-3 activity. ASGP-R deficient animals showed increased liver caspase activities, serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels, as well as more pronounced liver damage compared with the wild-type control animals after intraperitoneal injection of LPS/GalN. In addition, prior administration of betaine was found to significantly attenuate the LPS/GalN-induced increases in liver injury parameters. CONCLUSION Our work underscores the importance of normal functioning of ASGP-R in preventing severe liver damage and signifies a therapeutic role of betaine in prevention of liver injuries from toxin-induced fulminant liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Rasineni
- Research Service, Veterans’ Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (K.R.); (B.L.M.); (N.A.O.); (C.A.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Serene M. L. Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Benita L. McVicker
- Research Service, Veterans’ Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (K.R.); (B.L.M.); (N.A.O.); (C.A.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Natalia A. Osna
- Research Service, Veterans’ Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (K.R.); (B.L.M.); (N.A.O.); (C.A.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Carol A. Casey
- Research Service, Veterans’ Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (K.R.); (B.L.M.); (N.A.O.); (C.A.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kusum K. Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans’ Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (K.R.); (B.L.M.); (N.A.O.); (C.A.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-995-3752; Fax: +1-402-995-4600
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30
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Chen Q, Wang Y, Jiao F, Shi C, Pei M, Wang L, Gong Z. Betaine inhibits Toll-like receptor 4 responses and restores intestinal microbiota in acute liver failure mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21850. [PMID: 33318565 PMCID: PMC7736280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research has revealed that the gut microbiome has a marked impact on acute liver failure (ALF). Here, we evaluated the impact of betaine on the gut microbiota composition in an ALF animal model. The potential protective effect of betaine by regulating Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) responses was explored as well. Both mouse and cell experiments included normal, model, and betaine groups. The rat small intestinal cell line IEC-18 was used for in vitro experiments. Betaine ameliorated the small intestine tissue and IEC-18 cell damage in the model group by reducing the high expression of TLR4 and MyD88. Furthermore, the intestinal permeability in the model group was improved by enhancing the expression of the (ZO)-1 and occludin tight junction proteins. There were 509 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that were identified in mouse fecal samples, including 156 core microbiome taxa. Betaine significantly improved the microbial communities, depleted the gut microbiota constituents Coriobacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Enterorhabdus and Coriobacteriales and markedly enriched the taxa Bacteroidaceae, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides and Prevotella in the model group. Betaine effectively improved intestinal injury in ALF by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway, improving the intestinal mucosal barrier and maintaining the gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Fangzhou Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Chunxia Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Maohua Pei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Luwen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zuojiong Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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31
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Chen L, Zhu H, Su S, Harshfield G, Sullivan J, Webb C, Blumenthal JA, Wang X, Huang Y, Treiber FA, Kapuku G, Li W, Dong Y. High-Mobility Group Box-1 Is Associated With Obesity, Inflammation, and Subclinical Cardiovascular Risk Among Young Adults: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2776-2784. [PMID: 32814439 PMCID: PMC7578115 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize circulating HMGB1 (high-mobility group box-1) levels, one of the better-characterized damage-associated molecular patterns, with respect to age, sex, and race in the general population, and investigate the longitudinal associations of HMGB1 with inflammatory markers, obesity, and preclinical markers of cardiovascular disease. Approach and Results: The analyses included 489 participants (50% Blacks, aged 24.6±3.3 years at the first visit) with up to 4 follow-up visits (1149 samples) over a maximum of 8.5 years. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and carotid intima-media thickness together with plasma HMGB1, hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), IFN-γ (interferon-γ), IL-6 (interleukin-6), IL-10 (interleukin-10), and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) were measured at each visit. At baseline, plasma HMGB1 concentrations were higher in Blacks compared with Whites (3.86 versus 3.20 ng/mL, P<0.001), and in females compared with males (3.75 versus 3.30 ng/mL, P=0.005). HMGB1 concentrations increased with age (P=0.007), and higher levels of obesity measures (P<0.001). Without adjustment for age, sex, race, and body mass index, HMGB1 concentrations were positively associated with hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (P<0.05) but not IL-10, IFN-γ or carotid intima-media thickness. After covariate adjustments, the associations of HMGB1 with hs-CRP, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity remained statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the age, sex, and race differences in circulating HMGB1. The increasing circulating concentrations of HMGB1 with age suggest a potential role of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of chronic low-grade inflammation, obesity, and subclinical cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Haidong Zhu
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Shaoyong Su
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Gregory Harshfield
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer Sullivan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Clinton Webb
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - James A. Blumenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Frank A. Treiber
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Gaston Kapuku
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Yanbin Dong
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Silencing of functional p53 attenuates NAFLD by promoting HMGB1-related autophagy induction. Hepatol Int 2020; 14:828-841. [PMID: 32607732 PMCID: PMC7561543 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-020-10068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and aim Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease worldwide, but its pathogenesis remains imprecisely understood and requires further clarification. Recently, the tumor suppressor p53 has received growing attention for its role in metabolic diseases. In this study, we performed in vivo and in vitro experiments to identify the contribution of p53–autophagy regulation to NAFLD. Methods Livers from wild-type and p53 knockout mice as well as p53-functional HepG2 cells and p53-dysfunctional Huh7 cells were examined for autophagy status and HMGB1 translocation. In vivo and in vitro NAFLD models were established, and steatosis was detected. In the cell models, autophagy status and steatosis were examined by p53 and/or HMGB1 silencing. Results First, the silencing of p53 could induce autophagy both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, p53 knockout attenuated high-fat diet-induced NAFLD in mice. Similarly, knockdown of p53 could alleviate palmitate-induced lipid accumulation in cell models. Furthermore, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was proven to contribute to the effect of silencing p53 on alleviating NAFLD in vitro as an autophagy regulator. Conclusion The anti-NAFLD effect of functional p53 silencing is associated with the HMGB1-mediated induction of autophagy. Graphic abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12072-020-10068-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Lan Y, Yan R, Shan W, Chu J, Sun R, Wang R, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Zhang N, Yao J. Salvianic acid A alleviates chronic alcoholic liver disease by inhibiting HMGB1 translocation via down-regulating BRD4. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8518-8531. [PMID: 32596881 PMCID: PMC7412690 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the major cause of chronic liver disease and a global health concern. ALD pathogenesis is initiated with liver steatosis, and ALD can progress to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Salvianic acid A (SAA) is a phenolic acid component of Danshen, a Chinese herbal medicine with possible hepatoprotective properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of SAA on chronic alcoholic liver injury and its molecular mechanism. We found that SAA significantly inhibited alcohol‐induced liver injury and ameliorated ethanol‐induced hepatic inflammation. These protective effects of SAA were likely carried out through its suppression of the BRD4/HMGB1 signalling pathway, because SAA treatment largely diminished alcohol‐induced BRD4 expression and HMGB1 nuclear translocation and release. Importantly, BRD4 knockdown prevented ethanol‐induced HMGB1 release and inflammatory cytokine production in AML‐12 cells. Similarly, alcohol‐induced pro‐inflammatory cytokines were blocked by HMGB1 siRNA. Collectively, our results reveal that activation of the BRD4/HMGB1 pathway is involved in ALD pathogenesis. Therefore, manipulation of the BRD4/HMGB1 pathway through strategies such as SAA treatment holds great therapeutic potential for chronic alcoholic liver disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Lan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Seventh People's Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Ran Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wen Shan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Junyi Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ruimin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ruiwen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhanyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jihong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Li C, Chen Y, Yuan X, He L, Li X, Huang S, Hou S, Liang J. Vitexin ameliorates chronic stress plub high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173264. [PMID: 32544504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Evidences showed that chronic stress (CS) can aggravate the situation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Vitexin is one of the major components in hawthorn, which is widely used to reduce blood lipid. This study was aimed to explore the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of vitexin on chronic stress mice with high-fat diet (CSHFD). The results showed that 5-week vitexin administration (40 mg/kg, i.g.) could obviously reduce hepatic fat deposition, alleviate lipid metabolism, and inhibit liver inflammation in CSHFD mice. In addition, vitexin significantly reduced hepatic macrophage infiltration, obviously down-regulated the mRNA and protein expressions of hepatic SREBP-1c, FAS, ACC. Moreover, we also found that vitexin treatment could significantly inhibit the expressions of TLR4/NF-κB signaling in CSHFD mice. This results suggested that vitexin could ameliorate chronic stress combined with high-fat diet induced NAFLD, and its mechanisms is closely related to inhibit TLR4/NF-κB signaling and reduce fatty acid synthesis proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujie Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yonger Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xin Yuan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Lian He
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Song Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Shaozhen Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Jian Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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Wang Z, Li S, Wang R, Guo L, Xu D, Zhang T, Xu Y, Wang W, Wang M, Gan Z, Wang X. The protective effects of the β3 adrenergic receptor agonist BRL37344 against liver steatosis and inflammation in a rat model of high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mol Med 2020; 26:54. [PMID: 32503411 PMCID: PMC7275314 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our objective was to investigate the efficacy of the beta-3 adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) agonist BRL37344 for the prevention of liver steatosis and inflammation associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS Four groups were established: a control group (given a standard diet), a high-fat diet (HFD) group, an HFD + β3-AR agonist (β3-AGO) group, and an HFD + β3-AR antagonist (β3-ANT) group. All rats were fed for 12 weeks. The β3-AR agonist BRL37344 and the antagonist L748337 were administered for the last 4 weeks with Alzet micro-osmotic pumps. The rat body weights (g) were measured at the end of the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks. At the end of the 12th week, the liver weights were measured. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were analyzed with a Hitachi automatic analyzer. The lipid levels of the triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and the concentrations of free fatty acids (FFAs) were also measured. An oil red O kit was used to detect lipid droplet accumulation in hepatocytes. Steatosis, ballooning degeneration and inflammation were histopathologically determined. The protein and mRNA expression levels of β3-AR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (mCPT-1), and fatty acid translocase (FAT)/CD36 were measured by western blot analysis and RT-qPCR, respectively. RESULTS After treatment with the β3-AR agonist BRL37344 for 4 weeks, the levels of ALT, AST, TGs, TC, LDL-C and FFAs were decreased in the NAFLD model group compared with the HFD group. Body and liver weights, liver index values and lipid droplet accumulation were lower in the HFD + β3-AGO group than in the HFD group. Decreased NAFLD activity scores (NASs) also showed that liver steatosis and inflammation were ameliorated after treatment with BRL37344. Moreover, the β3-AR antagonist L748337 reversed these effects. Additionally, the protein and gene expression levels of β3-AR, PPAR-α, and mCPT-1 were increased in the HFD + β3-AGO group, whereas those of PPAR-γ and FAT/CD36 were decreased. CONCLUSION The β3-AR agonist BRL37344 is beneficial for reducing liver fat accumulation and for ameliorating liver steatosis and inflammation in NAFLD. These effects may be associated with PPARs/mCPT-1 and FAT/CD36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Postal Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Gastroenterology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Postal Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #37 Yiyuan Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Liansheng Guo
- Gastroenterology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Postal Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Dan Xu
- Gastroenterology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Postal Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Tieyuan Zhang
- Harbin Medical University, #157 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Yifan Xu
- Harbin Medical University, #157 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Harbin Medical University, #157 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Min Wang
- Harbin Medical University, #157 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Zhongwei Gan
- Harbin Medical University, #157 Baojian Street, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Postal Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
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Mosca R, van de Vlekkert D, Campos Y, Fremuth LE, Cadaoas J, Koppaka V, Kakkis E, Tifft C, Toro C, Allievi S, Gellera C, Canafoglia L, Visser G, Annunziata I, d’Azzo A. Conventional and Unconventional Therapeutic Strategies for Sialidosis Type I. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030695. [PMID: 32143456 PMCID: PMC7141319 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital deficiency of the lysosomal sialidase neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) causes the lysosomal storage disease, sialidosis, characterized by impaired processing/degradation of sialo-glycoproteins and sialo-oligosaccharides, and accumulation of sialylated metabolites in tissues and body fluids. Sialidosis is considered an ultra-rare clinical condition and falls into the category of the so-called orphan diseases, for which no therapy is currently available. In this study we aimed to identify potential therapeutic modalities, targeting primarily patients affected by type I sialidosis, the attenuated form of the disease. We tested the beneficial effects of a recombinant protective protein/cathepsin A (PPCA), the natural chaperone of NEU1, as well as pharmacological and dietary compounds on the residual activity of mutant NEU1 in a cohort of patients’ primary fibroblasts. We observed a small, but consistent increase in NEU1 activity, following administration of all therapeutic agents in most of the fibroblasts tested. Interestingly, dietary supplementation of betaine, a natural amino acid derivative, in mouse models with residual NEU1 activity mimicking type I sialidosis, increased the levels of mutant NEU1 and resolved the oligosacchariduria. Overall these findings suggest that carefully balanced, unconventional dietary compounds in combination with conventional therapeutic approaches may prove to be beneficial for the treatment of sialidosis type I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Mosca
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (R.M.); (D.v.d.V.); (Y.C.); (L.E.F.); (I.A.)
| | - Diantha van de Vlekkert
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (R.M.); (D.v.d.V.); (Y.C.); (L.E.F.); (I.A.)
| | - Yvan Campos
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (R.M.); (D.v.d.V.); (Y.C.); (L.E.F.); (I.A.)
| | - Leigh E. Fremuth
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (R.M.); (D.v.d.V.); (Y.C.); (L.E.F.); (I.A.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jaclyn Cadaoas
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical, Novato, CA 94949, USA; (J.C.); (V.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Vish Koppaka
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical, Novato, CA 94949, USA; (J.C.); (V.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Emil Kakkis
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical, Novato, CA 94949, USA; (J.C.); (V.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Cynthia Tifft
- Office of the Clinical Director & Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NHGRI), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Camilo Toro
- Undiagnosed Disease Network, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Simona Allievi
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.A.); (C.G.)
- Neurophysiopathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Gellera
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.A.); (C.G.)
- Neurophysiopathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Laura Canafoglia
- Neurophysiopathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gepke Visser
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Ida Annunziata
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (R.M.); (D.v.d.V.); (Y.C.); (L.E.F.); (I.A.)
| | - Alessandra d’Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (R.M.); (D.v.d.V.); (Y.C.); (L.E.F.); (I.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-901-595-2698
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Zhang Y, Yu Y, Ou C, Ma J, Wang Q, Du S, Xu Z, Li R, Guo F. Alleviation of infectious-bursal-disease-virus-induced bursal injury by betaine is associated with DNA methylation in IL-6 and interferon regulatory factor 7 promoter. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4457-4464. [PMID: 31162616 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) often infects young chickens and causes severe immunosuppression and inflammatory injury. Betaine is an antiviral and anti-inflammatory ingredient that may exert functions through epigenetic regulation. However, the effects of betaine on an IBDV-induced bursal injury and their underlying mechanisms have not been investigated. In this study, betaine was supplemented to the drinking water of newly hatched commercial broilers for 3 wk. Afterward, the chickens were infected with the IBDV. After 5 D of infection, the bursal lesions were examined. The mRNA expression levels of IBDV VP2 gene, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and interferons were detected. Furthermore, the 5-methylcytosine level of the CpG island in the promoter region of IL-6 and interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) were determined. The IBDV induced the depletion of lymphocytes and inflammation in the bursal follicles. IBDV infection considerably elevated the mRNA levels of VP2, IL-6, types I (IFNα and IFNβ) and II (IFNγ) interferons, and IRF7. The CpG island methylation in the promoter regions of IL-6 and IRF7 were substantially decreased after IBDV infection. Betaine administration attenuated the IBDV-induced bursal lesions. Meanwhile, the IBDV-induced mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IFNβ, and IRF7 were suppressed by betaine consumption. Furthermore, the hypomethylation effects of IBDV infection to the promoter regions of IL-6 and IRF7 genes were eliminated and relieved by betaine administration. Our results indicated that the IBDV-induced expression levels of IL-6 and IRF7 genes are associated with the suppression of methylation in the promoter region. Betaine administration through drinking water may alleviate the IBDV-induced bursal injury via epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Yan Yu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Changbo Ou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Jinyou Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Shouyang Du
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Renfeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Feng Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China.,Postdoctoral Research and Development Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
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Watt MJ, Miotto PM, De Nardo W, Montgomery MK. The Liver as an Endocrine Organ-Linking NAFLD and Insulin Resistance. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:1367-1393. [PMID: 31098621 DOI: 10.1210/er.2019-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a dynamic organ that plays critical roles in many physiological processes, including the regulation of systemic glucose and lipid metabolism. Dysfunctional hepatic lipid metabolism is a cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disorder worldwide, and is closely associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Through the use of advanced mass spectrometry "omics" approaches and detailed experimentation in cells, mice, and humans, we now understand that the liver secretes a wide array of proteins, metabolites, and noncoding RNAs (miRNAs) and that many of these secreted factors exert powerful effects on metabolic processes both in the liver and in peripheral tissues. In this review, we summarize the rapidly evolving field of "hepatokine" biology with a particular focus on delineating previously unappreciated communication between the liver and other tissues in the body. We describe the NAFLD-induced changes in secretion of liver proteins, lipids, other metabolites, and miRNAs, and how these molecules alter metabolism in liver, muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreas to induce insulin resistance. We also synthesize the limited information that indicates that extracellular vesicles, and in particular exosomes, may be an important mechanism for intertissue communication in normal physiology and in promoting metabolic dysregulation in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Watt
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paula M Miotto
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William De Nardo
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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FBXW7 suppresses HMGB1-mediated innate immune signaling to attenuate hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance in a mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Med 2019; 25:29. [PMID: 31215394 PMCID: PMC6582600 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Innate immune dysfunction contributes to the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), however, its pathogenesis is still incompletely understood. Identifying the key innate immune component responsible for the pathogenesis of NAFLD and clarifying the underlying mechanisms may provide therapeutic targets for NAFLD. Recently, F-box- and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBXW7) exhibits a regulatory role in hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. This study aims to investigate whether FBXW7 controls high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1)-mediated innate immune signaling to improve NAFLD and the mechanism underlying this action. Methods Mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 or 20 weeks to establish NAFLD model. Hepatic overexpression or knockdown of FBXW7 was induced by tail-vein injection of recombinant adenovirus. Some Ad-FBXW7-injected mice fed a HFD were injected intraperitoneally with recombinant mouse HMGB1 to confirm the protective role of FBXW7 in NAFLD via inhibition of HMGB1. Results FBXW7 improves NAFLD and related metabolic parameters without remarkable influence of body weight and food intake. Moreover, FBXW7 markedly ameliorated hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance in the HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, FBXW7 dramatically attenuated the expression and release of HMGB1 in the livers of HFD-fed mice, which is associated with inhibition of protein kinase R (PKR) signaling. Thereby, FBXW7 restrains Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) signaling in HFD-fed mouse livers. In addition, exogenous HMGB1 treatment abolished FBXW7-mediated inhibition of hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance in HFD-fed mouse livers. Conclusions Our results demonstrate a protective role of FBXW7 in NAFLD by abating HMGB1-mediated innate immune signaling to suppress inflammation and consequent insulin resistance, suggesting that FBXW7 is a potential target for therapeutic intervention in NAFLD development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s10020-019-0099-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Ahmad NA, Raizman M, Weizmann N, Wasek B, Arning E, Bottiglieri T, Tirosh O, Troen AM. Betaine attenuates pathology by stimulating lipid oxidation in liver and regulating phospholipid metabolism in brain of methionine‐choline–deficient rats. FASEB J 2019; 33:9334-9349. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802683r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Abu Ahmad
- The Institute of Biochemistry Food and Nutrition Science The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - Merav Raizman
- The Institute of Biochemistry Food and Nutrition Science The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - Nathalie Weizmann
- The Institute of Biochemistry Food and Nutrition Science The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - Brandi Wasek
- Institute of Metabolic Disease Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Dallas Texas USA
| | - Erland Arning
- Institute of Metabolic Disease Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Dallas Texas USA
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Institute of Metabolic Disease Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Dallas Texas USA
| | - Oren Tirosh
- The Institute of Biochemistry Food and Nutrition Science The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - Aron M. Troen
- The Institute of Biochemistry Food and Nutrition Science The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
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Rao Z, Cao H, Shi B, Liu X, Luo J, Zeng N. Inhibitory Effect of Jing-Fang Powder n-Butanol Extract and Its Isolated Fraction D on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in RAW264.7 Cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:62-71. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.255893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Veskovic M, Mladenovic D, Milenkovic M, Tosic J, Borozan S, Gopcevic K, Labudovic-Borovic M, Dragutinovic V, Vucevic D, Jorgacevic B, Isakovic A, Trajkovic V, Radosavljevic T. Betaine modulates oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and Akt/mTOR signaling in methionine-choline deficiency-induced fatty liver disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 848:39-48. [PMID: 30689995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of betaine, an endogenous and dietary methyl donor essential for the methionine-homocysteine cycle, on oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy in methionine-choline deficient diet (MCD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Male C57BL/6 mice received standard chow (control), standard chow and betaine (1.5% w/v in drinking water), MCD, or MCD and betaine. After six weeks, serum and liver samples were collected for analysis. Betaine reduced MCD-induced increase in liver transaminases and inflammatory infiltration, as well as hepatosteatosis and serum levels of low-density lipoprotein, while it increased that of high-density lipoprotein. MCD-induced hepatic production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species was significantly reduced by betaine, which also improved liver antioxidative defense by increasing glutathione content and superoxide-dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and paraoxonase activity. Betaine reduced the liver expression of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6, as well as that of proapoptotic mediator Bax, while increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 in MCD-fed mice. In addition, betaine increased the expression of autophagy activators beclin 1, autophagy-related (Atg)4 and Atg5, as well as the presence of autophagic vesicles and degradation of autophagic target sequestosome 1/p62 in the liver of NAFLD mice. The observed effects of betaine coincided with the increase in the hepatic phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its activator Akt. In conclusion, the beneficial effect of betaine in MCD-induced NAFLD is associated with the reduction of liver oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, and the increase in cytoprotective Akt/mTOR signaling and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Veskovic
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic", School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusan Mladenovic
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic", School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Milenkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Tosic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Suncica Borozan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kristina Gopcevic
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Labudovic-Borovic
- Institute of Histology and Embriology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Dragutinovic
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Vucevic
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic", School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Jorgacevic
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic", School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Isakovic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tatjana Radosavljevic
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic", School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Xia Y, Chen S, Zhu G, Huang R, Yin Y, Ren W. Betaine Inhibits Interleukin-1β Production and Release: Potential Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2670. [PMID: 30515160 PMCID: PMC6255979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Betaine is a critical nutrient for mammal health, and has been found to alleviate inflammation by lowering interleukin (IL)-1β secretion; however, the underlying mechanisms by which betaine inhibits IL-1β secretion remain to be uncovered. In this review, we summarize the current understanding about the mechanisms of betaine in IL-1β production and release. For IL-1β production, betaine affects canonical and non-canonical inflammasome-mediated processing of IL-1β through signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, NLRP3 and caspase-8/11. For IL-1β release, betaine inhibits IL-1β release through blocking the exocytosis of IL-1β-containing secretory lysosomes, reducing the shedding of IL-1β-containing plasma membrane microvesicles, suppressing the exocytosis of IL-1β-containing exosomes, and attenuating the passive efflux of IL-1β across hyperpermeable plasma membrane during pyroptotic cell death, which are associated with ERK1/2/PLA2 and caspase-8/A-SMase signaling pathways. Collectively, this review highlights the anti-inflammatory property of betaine by inhibiting the production and release of IL-1β, and indicates the potential application of betaine supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in various inflammatory diseases associating with IL-1β secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoo Noses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ruilin Huang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Academics Working Station at The First Affiliated Hospital, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoo Noses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Mazidi M, Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Banach M. Link between plasma trans-fatty acid and fatty liver is moderated by adiposity. Int J Cardiol 2018; 272:316-322. [PMID: 30072152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising. This increase may be associated with obesity. It has been suggested that trans-fatty acids (TFAs) play an important role in non-communicable diseases. AIM We examined the link between liver tests, fatty liver index (FLI) and plasma TFAs. Furthermore, we evaluated the impact of adiposity on this link. METHODS The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was used to obtain the data on TFAs and liver function biomarkers. We took account of complex NHANES data, masked variance and weighting methodology. RESULTS Of the 4252 participants, 46.4% were men. The mean age was 50.6 years overall; 51.3 years for men and 49.8 years for women (p = 0.206). In a fully adjusted model (demographic and clinical factors), FLI increased as trans-9-hexadecenoic acid and trans-11-octadecenoic acid levels increased; FLI was 38.1 and 42.3 for the first quarter (Q1) of trans-9-hexadecenoic acid and trans-11-octadecenoic acid, respectively, reaching 65.1 and 69.3 for the highest quarters (Q4) (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Multivariable logistic regression showed for all four studied TFAs, the likelihood of NAFLD (determined by FLI) increased with increasing TFAs levels (quartiles) in a stepwise manner (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Based on moderation analysis, a strong impact of body mass index (BMI) on the link between FLI and TFAs was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a direct significant association between plasma TFAs, liver tests and NAFLD (assessed by FLI). Furthermore, BMI was shown to mediate this relationship. These findings highlight the importance of avoiding TFAs consumption in order to minimize cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
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45
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Peng J. The Pharmacological Targets and Clinical Evidence of Natural Products With Anti-hepatic Inflammatory Properties. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:455. [PMID: 29922155 PMCID: PMC5996099 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation contributes heavily to the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Inflammation is probably a promising target for treatment of liver diseases. The natural products are considered as the potential source of new drug discovery and their pharmacological effects on hepatic inflammation have been widely reported. In this review, the natural products with anti-hepatic inflammatory properties are summarized based on their pharmacological effects and mechanisms, which are related to the suppression on the inflammation mediators including cytokines and chemokines, pattern recognition receptors, the activated transcriptional factors, and the potential regulatory factors. The clinical evidence is also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Peng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
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46
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Zhao G, He F, Wu C, Li P, Li N, Deng J, Zhu G, Ren W, Peng Y. Betaine in Inflammation: Mechanistic Aspects and Applications. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1070. [PMID: 29881379 PMCID: PMC5976740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Betaine is known as trimethylglycine and is widely distributed in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Betaine is known to function physiologically as an important osmoprotectant and methyl group donor. Accumulating evidence has shown that betaine has anti-inflammatory functions in numerous diseases. Mechanistically, betaine ameliorates sulfur amino acid metabolism against oxidative stress, inhibits nuclear factor-κB activity and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, regulates energy metabolism, and mitigates endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. Consequently, betaine has beneficial actions in several human diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenlu Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nengzhang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, Subtropical Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyi Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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47
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Figueroa-Soto CG, Valenzuela-Soto EM. Glycine betaine rather than acting only as an osmolyte also plays a role as regulator in cellular metabolism. Biochimie 2018; 147:89-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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48
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Du J, Shen L, Tan Z, Zhang P, Zhao X, Xu Y, Gan M, Yang Q, Ma J, Jiang A, Tang G, Jiang Y, Jin L, Li M, Bai L, Li X, Wang J, Zhang S, Zhu L. Betaine Supplementation Enhances Lipid Metabolism and Improves Insulin Resistance in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2018; 10:E131. [PMID: 29373534 PMCID: PMC5852707 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major driver of metabolic diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, certain cancers, and insulin resistance. However, there are no effective drugs to treat obesity. Betaine is a nontoxic, chemically stable and naturally occurring molecule. This study shows that dietary betaine supplementation significantly inhibits the white fat production in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. This might be due to betaine preventing the formation of new white fat (WAT), and guiding the original WAT to burn through stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis and promoting browning of WAT. Furthermore, dietary betaine supplementation decreases intramyocellular lipid accumulation in HFD-induced obese mice. Further analysis shows that betaine supplementation reduced intramyocellular lipid accumulation might be associated with increasing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), fatty acid oxidation, and the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in muscle. Notably, by performing insulin-tolerance tests (ITTs) and glucose-tolerance tests (GTTs), dietary betaine supplementation could be observed for improvement of obesity and non-obesity induced insulin resistance. Together, these findings could suggest that inhibiting WAT production, intramyocellular lipid accumulation and inflammation, betaine supplementation limits HFD-induced obesity and improves insulin resistance.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3-L1 Cells
- Adipocytes, White/cytology
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Adipocytes, White/pathology
- Adipogenesis
- Adiposity
- Animals
- Animals, Outbred Strains
- Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use
- Betaine/adverse effects
- Betaine/therapeutic use
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/diet therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Dietary Supplements
- Female
- Hyperglycemia/prevention & control
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Insulin Resistance
- Lipid Droplets/metabolism
- Lipid Droplets/pathology
- Lipid Metabolism
- Mice
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Obesity/diet therapy
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Weight Gain
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Linyuan Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Zhendong Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Peiwen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Xue Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Mailing Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu 611100, China.
| | - Jideng Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - An'an Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Guoqing Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Yanzhi Jiang
- College of Life and Biology Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Long Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Mingzhou Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Lin Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Xuewei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, China.
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
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Yates KP, Deppe R, Comerford M, Masuoka H, Cummings OW, Tonascia J, Chalasani N, Vuppalanchi R. Serum high mobility group box 1 protein levels are not associated with either histological severity or treatment response in children and adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185813. [PMID: 29095942 PMCID: PMC5667763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Serum high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a proinflammatory molecule that could potentially serve as a biomarker for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) due to its correlation with degree of liver fibrosis. The aim of the current study was to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between serum HMGB1 levels and liver histology in adults and children with NAFLD participating in two large randomized controlled trials. Methods Serum HMGB1 levels were measured at various time points in adults and children with NAFLD, who participated in PIVENS and TONIC clinical trials respectively. PIVENS trial compared vitamin E or pioglitazone to placebo in adults whereas TONIC trial compared vitamin E or metformin to placebo in children. Participants had liver biopsies at baseline and the end of treatment (96 weeks), and liver histology was reviewed by a central committee of study pathologists. Results In the cross-sectional analyses (n = 205 for PIVENS and 109 for TONIC), there was no significant relationship between serum HMGB1 levels and histological features such as steatosis, ballooning, inflammation, fibrosis, or presence of steatohepatitis in either adults or children. Serum HMGB1 levels did not change significantly during treatment either with placebo, vitamin E therapy (P = 0.81) or pioglitazone (P = 0.09) in the PIVENS trial. Similarly, serum HMGB1 levels did not change significantly during treatment either with placebo, metformin (P = 0.15) or vitamin E (P = 0.23) in the TONIC trial. In the longitudinal analyses (n = 105 for PIVENS and 109 for TONIC), changes in serum HMGB1 levels did not correlate with histologic improvement or resolution of NASH in either adults or children. There was no relationship between serum HMGB1 and ALT levels in either adults or children with NAFLD. Conclusion Serum HMGB1 levels were not associated with histological severity or treatment response in either children or adults with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine P. Yates
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ross Deppe
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Megan Comerford
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Howard Masuoka
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Oscar W. Cummings
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - James Tonascia
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Raj Vuppalanchi
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Tang X, Wei R, Deng A, Lei T. Protective Effects of Ethanolic Extracts from Artichoke, an Edible Herbal Medicine, against Acute Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9091000. [PMID: 28891983 PMCID: PMC5622760 DOI: 10.3390/nu9091000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are well-documented pathological factors in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a healthy food and folk medicine with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the preventive effects of ethanolic extract from artichoke against acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Male Institute of Cancer Research mice were treated with an ethanolic extract of artichoke (0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 g/kg body weight) by gavage once daily. Up to 40% alcohol (12 mL/kg body weight) was administered orally 1 h after artichoke treatment. All mice were fed for 10 consecutive days. Results showed that artichoke extract significantly prevented elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and malondialdehyde. Meanwhile, the decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione were elevated by artichoke administration. Histopathological examination showed that artichoke attenuated degeneration, inflammatory infiltration and necrosis of hepatocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that expression levels of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in liver tissues were significantly suppressed by artichoke treatment. Results obtained demonstrated that artichoke extract exhibited significant preventive protective effect against acute alcohol-induced liver injury. This finding is mainly attributed to its ability to attenuate oxidative stress and suppress the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway. To the best of our knowledge, the underlying mechanisms of artichoke on acute ALD have been rarely reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchong Tang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Ruofan Wei
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Aihua Deng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China.
| | - Tingping Lei
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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