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Khajah MA, Hawai S, Barakat A, Albaloushi A, Alkharji M, Masocha W. Minocycline synergizes with corticosteroids in reducing colitis severity in mice via the modulation of pro-inflammatory molecules. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1252174. [PMID: 38034999 PMCID: PMC10687282 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1252174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A few studies have highlighted the anti-inflammatory properties of minocycline in reducing colitis severity in mice, but its molecular mechanism is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory properties of minocycline and the expression/activity profiles of molecules involved in pro-inflammatory signaling cascades, cytokines, and molecules involved in the apoptotic machinery. The synergistic effect between minocycline and corticosteroids was also evaluated. Methods: The effects of various treatment approaches were determined in mice using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis model at gross and microscopic levels. The expression/activity profiles of various pro- or anti-inflammatory molecules were determined using Western blotting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Minocycline treatment significantly reduced colitis severity using prophylactic and treatment approaches and produced a synergistic effect with budesonide and methylprednisolone in reducing the active state of colitis. This was mediated in part through reduced colonic expression/activity of pro-inflammatory molecules, cytokines, proteins involved in the apoptotic machinery, and increased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Conclusion: Minocycline synergizes with corticosteroids to reduce colitis severity, which could reduce their dose-dependent side effects and treatment cost. The reduction in colitis severity was achieved by modulating the expression/activity profiles of various pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling molecules, cytokines, and molecules involved in the apoptotic machinery.
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2
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Ma R, Zhu Y, Li X, Hu S, Zheng D, Xiong S, Xu S, Xiang L, Zhao M, Tang C, Zeng Z, Chen M, Feng R. A Novel Serum Metabolomic Panel for the Diagnosis of Crohn's Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:1524-1535. [PMID: 37195904 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A distinctive metabolic phenotype provides the opportunity to discover noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) and for differentiating it from other intestinal inflammatory diseases. The study sought to identify new biomarkers for CD diagnosis. METHODS Serum metabolites from 68 newly diagnosed and treatment-naïve patients with CD and 56 healthy control (HC) subjects were profiled using targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Five metabolic biomarkers were identified to distinguish patients with CD from the HC subjects and validated in a separate cohort consisting of 110 patients with CD and 90 HC subjects using a combination of univariate analysis, orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis, and receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. Differences in the 5 metabolites were evaluated among patients with CD and patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 62), intestinal tuberculosis (n = 48), and Behçet's disease (n = 31). RESULTS Among the 185 quantified metabolites, a panel of 5 (pyruvate, phenylacetylglutamine, isolithocholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, and glycolithocholic acid) were found to distinguish patients with CD with high accuracy from HC subjects, with an area under the curve of 0.861 (P < .001). The performance of the model in assessing clinical disease activity was comparable to that of the present biomarkers: C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The 5 metabolites were significantly different among the patients and were valuable in the differentiation between CD and other chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases. CONCLUSIONS The combination of 5 serum metabolite biomarkers for the diagnosis of CD has the potential to provide an accurate, noninvasive, and inexpensive alternative to conventional tests and might be valuable for the differentiation from other diagnostically challenging intestinal inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijun Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shixian Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danping Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyuan Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ce Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhirong Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangxi Hospital Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Nanning, China
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3
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Liu C, Liu C, Fu R. Research progress on the role of PKM2 in the immune response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:936967. [PMID: 35967360 PMCID: PMC9365960 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.936967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase (PK) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) into pyruvate, and is responsible for the production of ATP during glycolysis. As another important isozyme of PK, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) exists in cells with high levels of nucleic acid synthesis, such as normal proliferating cells (e.g., lymphocytes and intestinal epithelial cells), embryonic cells, adult stem cells, and tumor cells. With further research, PKM2, as an important regulator of cellular pathophysiological activity, has attracted increasing attention in the process of autoimmune response and inflammatory. In this re]view, we examine the contribution of PKM2 to the human immune response. Further studies on the immune mechanisms of PKM2 are expected to provide more new ideas and drug targets for immunotherapy of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, guiding drug development and disease treatment.
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4
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Li D, Shen C, Liu L, Hu J, Qin J, Dai L, Gao L, Cheng M, Wang D, Bao R, Wang B. PKM2 regulates cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via modulating PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Toxicology 2022; 477:153251. [PMID: 35787437 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) mediates inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in bronchial epithelial cells, contributing to airway remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cross-talk between metabolic pathways and cell signaling has emerged as an important focus of research in the field of inflammation. Here, we established in vitro and in vivo models of CS-induced COPD to elucidate the role of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a glycolytic enzyme, in CS-induced airway remodeling. Exposure to CS significantly increased PKM2 expression in lung tissues of C57BL/6 mice and BEAS-2B cells, which positively related to the levels of airway inflammation and EMT. Administering PKM2 inhibitor shikonin attenuated CS-induced airway inflammation and EMT process. Moreover, knockdown of PKM2 by small-interfering RNA (siRNA) decreased the release of TNF-α and IL-8, ROS and reversed the CS extract (CSE)-induced changes of N-cadherin and E-cadherin in BEAS-2B cells. In CSE-treated cells, we also observed enhancement of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, which were decreased by PKM2 siRNA. Furthermore, pretreatment with mitophagy inducer CCCP before CSE stimulation led to increased expressions of both nuclear and cytosolic PKM2, accompanied by reduction of TGF-β-induced factor homeobox 2 (TGIF2), a repressor of TGF-β1/smad pathway and EMT, while PKM2 knockdown restored the expression of TGIF2. Our results imply that CS induces PKM2 upregulation in airway epithelial cells, acting in synergism with PINK/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, which may initiate and exaggerate airway inflammation and EMT process. Further studies will be required to elucidate more molecular details and other pathways by which PKM2-mitophagy signaling regulates the effector function of airway epithelial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandian Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Cheng Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jiangyue Qin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Luqi Dai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lijuan Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Mengxin Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Dingran Wang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Rong Bao
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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5
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Downregulation of miR-122-5p Activates Glycolysis via PKM2 in Kupffer Cells of Rat and Mouse Models of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095230. [PMID: 35563621 PMCID: PMC9101520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has pathological characteristics similar to those of alcoholic hepatitis, despite the absence of a drinking history. The greatest threat associated with NASH is its progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathophysiology of NASH is not fully understood to date. In this study, we investigated the pathophysiology of NASH from the perspective of glycolysis and the Warburg effect, with a particular focus on microRNA regulation in liver-specific macrophages, also known as Kupffer cells. We established NASH rat and mouse models and evaluated various parameters including the liver-to-body weight ratio, blood indexes, and histopathology. A quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of the NASH rat model livers revealed the activation of glycolysis. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry results indicated that the expression of pyruvate kinase muscle 2 (PKM2), a rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis, was upregulated in the liver tissues of both NASH models. Moreover, increases in PKM2 and p-PKM2 were observed in the early phase of NASH. These observations were partially induced by the downregulation of microRNA122-5p (miR-122-5p) and occurred particularly in the Kupffer cells. Our results suggest that the activation of glycolysis in Kupffer cells during NASH was partially induced by the upregulation of PKM2 via miR-122-5p suppression.
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The Role of PKM2 in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Function: Focus on Mitochondrial Metabolism, Oxidative Stress, Dynamic, and Apoptosis. PKM2 in Mitochondrial Function. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7702681. [PMID: 35571239 PMCID: PMC9106463 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7702681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) is one isoform of pyruvate kinase (PK). PKM2 is expressed at high levels during embryonic development and tumor progression and is subject to complex allosteric regulation. PKM2 is a special glycolytic enzyme that regulates the final step of glycolysis; the role of PKM2 in the metabolism, survival, and apoptosis of cancer cells has received increasing attention. Mitochondria are directly or indirectly involved in the regulation of energy metabolism, susceptibility to oxidative stress, and cell death; however, the role of PKM2 in mitochondrial functions remains unclear. Herein, we review the related mechanisms of the role of PKM2 in the regulation of mitochondrial functions from the aspects of metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS), dynamic, and apoptosis, which can be highlighted as a target for the clinical management of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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7
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Han DW, Choi YS, Kim HW, Shin S, Ha YJ, Kang EH, Park JW, Park JK, Shin K, Song YW, Lee YJ. Extracellular pyruvate kinase M2 promotes osteoclastogenesis and is associated with radiographic progression in early rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4024. [PMID: 35256696 PMCID: PMC8901694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular PKM2 (exPKM2) levels have been reported to be increased in several cancers and inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to investigate the association of circulating exPKM2 levels with radiographic progression in RA patients and the effect of exPKM2 on osteoclastogenesis. Plasma and synovial fluid exPKM2 levels were significantly elevated in RA patients. Plasma exPKM2 levels were correlated with RA disease activity and were an independent predictor for radiographic progression in RA patients with a disease duration of ≤ 12 months. CD14+ monocytes but not RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes secreted PKM2 upon stimulation with inflammatory mediators. Recombinant PKM2 (rPKM2) increased the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinuclear cells and resorption pit in osteoclast precursors, dose-dependently, even in the absence of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL). rPKM2 treatment upregulated the expression of dendrocyte-expressed seven transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP) and MMP-9 via the ERK pathway. Although rPKM2 did not directly bind to RAW264.7 cells, extracellular application of pyruvate, the end-product of PKM2, showed effects similar to those seen in rPKM2-induced osteoclastogenesis. These results suggest that exPKM2 is a potential regulator of RA-related joint damage and a novel biomarker for subsequent radiographic progression in patients with early-stage RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Woo Han
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- grid.412480.b0000 0004 0647 3378Medical Science Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hye Won Kim
- grid.412480.b0000 0004 0647 3378Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seunghwan Shin
- grid.412480.b0000 0004 0647 3378Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beongil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13620 Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - You-Jung Ha
- grid.412480.b0000 0004 0647 3378Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beongil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13620 Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Eun Ha Kang
- grid.412480.b0000 0004 0647 3378Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beongil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13620 Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Jun Won Park
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kyun Park
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kichul Shin
- grid.484628.4 0000 0001 0943 2764Division of Rheumatology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Centre, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong Wook Song
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905WCU Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Jong Lee
- Department of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. .,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beongil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13620, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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8
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Cao Y, Fan L, Li L, Zhou J. Propofol suppresses cell proliferation in gastric cancer cells through NRF2-mediated polyol pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:264-274. [PMID: 34570396 PMCID: PMC9299175 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Propofol, a widely used short‐acting intravenous sedative agent, has gradually gained attention due to the tumour‐suppressing role and non‐anaesthetic effect. Dysfunction of metabolic reprogramming has been recognised as a well‐documented factor for tumour progression. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of propofol on the polyol pathway in gastric cancer cells. In this study, we found that propofol treatment led to a significant downregulation of cell proliferation in BGC823 and GES‐1 cells, which was attributed to the decreased AR‐mediated polyol pathway. Both aldo‐keto reductase family 1, member B1 (AKR1B1) and AKR1B10 were significantly reduced in BGC823 and GES‐1 cells in response to propofol stimulation, leading to decreased AR activity and sorbitol level. Addition of sorbitol could reverse the inhibitory effect of propofol on cell proliferation. Mechanically, propofol treatment drastically inhibited phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (NRF2), subsequently decreased the binding of NRF2 to AR promoter. Overexpression of NRF2 resulted in the recovery of AR expression in gastric cancer cell with propofol treatment. Taken together, these finding showed that propofol suppressed cell proliferation in BGC823 and GES‐1 cell through NRF2‐mediated polyol pathway, which would aid the selection of sedation for patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Cao
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care, Zhuhai, China
| | - Long Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care, Zhuhai, China
| | - Linkai Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jiexian Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care, Zhuhai, China
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9
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Pyruvate Kinase, Inflammation and Periodontal Disease. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070784. [PMID: 34206267 PMCID: PMC8308603 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase (PK) is the final and rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis. It has four isoforms PKM1, PKM2, PKL and PKR. PK can form homo tetramers, dimers or monomers. The tetrameric form has the most catalytic activity; however, the dimeric form has non-canonical functions that contribute to the inflammatory response, wound healing and cellular crosstalk. This brief review explores these functions and speculates on their role in periodontal disease.
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10
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Patel S, Das A, Meshram P, Sharma A, Chowdhury A, Jariyal H, Datta A, Sarmah D, Nalla LV, Sahu B, Khairnar A, Bhattacharya P, Srivastava A, Shard A. Pyruvate kinase M2 in chronic inflammations: a potpourri of crucial protein-protein interactions. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 37:653-678. [PMID: 33864549 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation (CI) is a primary contributing factor involved in multiple diseases like cancer, stroke, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, allergy, asthma, autoimmune diseases, coeliac disease, glomerulonephritis, sepsis, hepatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, reperfusion injury, and transplant rejections. Despite several expansions in our understanding of inflammatory disorders and their mediators, it seems clear that numerous proteins participate in the onset of CI. One crucial protein pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) much studied in cancer is also found to be inextricably woven in the onset of several CI's. It has been found that PKM2 plays a significant role in several disorders using a network of proteins that interact in multiple ways. For instance, PKM2 forms a close association with epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) for uncontrolled growth and proliferation of tumor cells. In neurodegeneration, PKM2 interacts with apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APE1) to onset Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. The cross-talk of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and PKM2 acts as stepping stones for the commencement of diabetes. Perhaps PKM2 stores the potential to unlock the pathophysiology of several diseases. Here we provide an overview of the notoriously convoluted biology of CI's and PKM2. The cross-talk of PKM2 with several proteins involved in stroke, Alzheimer's, cancer, and other diseases has also been discussed. We believe that considering the importance of PKM2 in inflammation-related diseases, new options for treating various disorders with the development of more selective agents targeting PKM2 may appear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagarkumar Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Anwesha Das
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Payal Meshram
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Ayushi Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Arnab Chowdhury
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Heena Jariyal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Aishika Datta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Lakshmi Vineela Nalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Bichismita Sahu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Amit Khairnar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Akshay Srivastava
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Amit Shard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
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11
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Certo M, Tsai CH, Pucino V, Ho PC, Mauro C. Lactate modulation of immune responses in inflammatory versus tumour microenvironments. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:151-161. [PMID: 32839570 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-0406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment in cancerous tissues is immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic, whereas the microenvironment of tissues affected by chronic inflammatory disease is pro-inflammatory and anti-resolution. Despite these opposing immunological states, the metabolic states in the tissue microenvironments of cancer and inflammatory diseases are similar: both are hypoxic, show elevated levels of lactate and other metabolic by-products and have low levels of nutrients. In this Review, we describe how the bioavailability of lactate differs in the microenvironments of tumours and inflammatory diseases compared with normal tissues, thus contributing to the establishment of specific immunological states in disease. A clear understanding of the metabolic signature of tumours and inflammatory diseases will enable therapeutic intervention aimed at resetting the bioavailability of metabolites and correcting the dysregulated immunological state, triggering beneficial cytotoxic, inflammatory responses in tumours and immunosuppressive responses in chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelangelo Certo
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chin-Hsien Tsai
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Pucino
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Claudio Mauro
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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12
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Jaiswal AK, Makhija S, Stahr N, Sandey M, Suryawanshi A, Mishra A. Pyruvate kinase M2 in lung APCs regulates Alternaria-induced airway inflammation. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151956. [PMID: 32747016 PMCID: PMC7403530 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sensitivity to allergenic fungi (Alternaria alternata) is associated with acute, severe asthma attacks. Antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the lung sense environmental perturbations that induce cellular stress and metabolic changes and are critical for allergic airway inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying such environmental sensing by APCs in the lung remains unclear. Here we show that acute Alternaria challenge rapidly induces neutrophil accumulation in airways, and alter expressions of Pyruvate Kinase (PKM2) and hypoxia-inducible factor -1α (Hif-1α) that correlates with proinflammatory mediator release. Blockade of IL33 signaling in vivo led to reduce oxidative stress and glycolysis in lung APCs. Lung-specific ablation of CD11c+ cells abrogates Alternaria-induced neutrophil accumulation and inflammation. Furthermore, administration of Alternaria into the airways stimulated APCs and elevate the expression of Glut-1. Mechanistically, we establish that PKM2 is a critical modulator of lung APC activation in Alternaria-induced acute inflammation. Allosteric activation of PKM2 by a small molecule ML265 or siRNA-mediated knock down correlated negatively with glycolysis and activation of APCs. These results collectively demonstrates that PKM2-mediated glycolytic reprogramming by fungal allergen Alternaria influences lung APC activation, thereby promotes acute airway inflammation. Our data support a model in which Alternaria sensitization in airways induce a circuitry of glycolysis and PKM2 regulation that confers an acute activation of APCs in the lung, whose targeting might represent a strategy for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Sangeet Makhija
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Natalie Stahr
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Maninder Sandey
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Amol Suryawanshi
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Amarjit Mishra
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
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13
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Sun X, Yao L, Liang H, Wang D, He Y, Wei Y, Ye L, Wang K, Li L, Chen J, Zhang CY, Xu G, Wang F, Zen K. Intestinal epithelial PKM2 serves as a safeguard against experimental colitis via activating β-catenin signaling. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:1280-1290. [PMID: 31462699 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2)-mediated aerobic glycolysis has been shown to play a critical role in promoting cell survival and proliferation. However, little is known about the function of intestinal epithelial PKM2 in intestine homeostasis. Here we investigate whether and how intestinal epithelial PKM2 modulates the morphology and function of the adult intestine in experimental colitis. Analyzing colonoscopic biopsies from Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients, we found significantly decreased level of intestinal epithelial PKM2 in patients compared to that in non-inflamed tissues. Similar reduction of intestinal epithelial PKM2 was observed in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Moreover, intestinal epithelial-specific PKM2-knockout (Pkm2-/-) mice displayed more severe intestinal inflammation, as evidenced by a shortened colon, disruption of epithelial tight junctions, an increase in inflammatory cytokine levels, and immune cell infiltration, when compared to wild-type mice. Gene profiling, western blot, and function analyses indicated that cell survival signals, particularly the Wnt/β-catenin pathways, were associated with PKM2 activity. Increasing mouse intestinal epithelial PKM2 expression via delivery of a PKM2-expressing plasmid attenuated experimental colitis. In conclusion, our studies demonstrate that intestinal epithelial PKM2 increases cell survival and wound healing under the colitic condition via activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Li Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yueqin He
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Yao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Limin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Jiangning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Fangyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.
| | - Ke Zen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.
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Khajah MA, Orabi KY, Hawai S, Sary HG, El-Hashim AZ. Onion bulb extract reduces colitis severity in mice via modulation of colonic inflammatory pathways and the apoptotic machinery. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 241:112008. [PMID: 31158441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The use of nutraceutical-based products has increased in recent years due to their demonstrated efficacy and their good safety profile. Onion is one of the most commonly used plants in the traditional medicine for the management of various conditions including inflammatory and gastrointestinal diseases. However, little is known regarding the molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effects of onion particularly in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). AIM OF THE STUDY To test the anti-inflammatory effects of onion bulb extract (OBE) in an IBD mouse model and the molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects such as modulation of the expression and/or the activity profile of various pro-inflammatory molecules. MATERIALS AND METHODS Colitis was induced in mice by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) daily administration for 5 days. Animals were sacrificed, colons were removed and the severity of the inflammation was determined by the gross and histological assessments. The colonic level/activity of various cytokines and chemokines were measured using proteome profiling-based assay, western blotting, and immunofluorescence techniques. RESULTS DSS-induced colitis was significantly reduced by the daily OBE treatment and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA, positive control), particularly at 100-200 mg/kg doses, at both the gross and histological levels. OBE was also shown to reduce colonic expression and activity of several pro-inflammatory molecules and signaling pathways, such as mitogen activated protein kinase family, mammalian target of rapamycin, cyclooxygenase-2, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. In addition, OBE reduced the expression of interferon-γ, various C-C and C-X-C chemokines, and molecules involved in the apoptotic machinery such as cytochrome c, caspase-3 and -8, B-cell lymphoma-extra-large and -2. CONCLUSIONS OBE showed anti-inflammatory actions in IBD mouse model, which is attributed, in part, to the modulation of the expression and the activity of important pro-inflammatory molecules and signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory response. These data suggest that OBE may be a promising lead in the therapeutic management of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitham A Khajah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat, 13110, Kuwait.
| | - Khaled Y Orabi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat, 13110, Kuwait
| | - Sana Hawai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat, 13110, Kuwait
| | - Hanan G Sary
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat, 13110, Kuwait
| | - Ahmed Z El-Hashim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat, 13110, Kuwait
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15
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Song J, Baek IJ, Chun CH, Jin EJ. Dysregulation of the NUDT7-PGAM1 axis is responsible for chondrocyte death during osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3427. [PMID: 30143643 PMCID: PMC6109082 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease; however, its etiopathogenesis is not completely understood. Here we show a role for NUDT7 in OA pathogenesis. Knockdown of NUDT7 in normal human chondrocytes results in the disruption of lipid homeostasis. Moreover, Nudt7-/- mice display significant accumulation of lipids via peroxisomal dysfunction, upregulation of IL-1β expression, and stimulation of apoptotic death of chondrocytes. Our genome-wide analysis reveals that NUDT7 knockout affects the glycolytic pathway, and we identify Pgam1 as a significantly altered gene. Consistent with the results obtained on the suppression of NUDT7, overexpression of PGAM1 in chondrocytes induces the accumulation of lipids, upregulation of IL-1β expression, and apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, these negative actions of PGAM1 in maintaining cartilage homeostasis are reversed by the co-introduction of NUDT7. Our results suggest that NUDT7 could be a potential therapeutic target for controlling cartilage-degrading disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsoo Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jeoung Baek
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Churl-Hong Chun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Chunbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea.
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Almousa AA, Morris M, Fowler S, Jones J, Alcorn J. Elevation of serum pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in IBD and its relationship to IBD indices. Clin Biochem 2017; 53:19-24. [PMID: 29273328 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endoscopy remains the gold standard to diagnose and evaluate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity. Current biomarkers or their combinations cannot adequately predict IBD risk, diagnosis, progression or relapse, and response to therapy. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is emerging as a significant mediator of the inflammatory process. We aimed to assess levels of serum PKM2 in healthy and newly diagnosed IBD patients and its relationship with IBD indices and microbiota changes. DESIGN AND METHODS IBD serum samples from newly diagnosed patients were collected and analyzed using a PKM2-ELISA and correlated with disease activity scores, IBD disease type, and intestinal microbiota. Furthermore, we tested the genetic and protein expression of PKM2 in an in vitro intestinal cell model of inflammation. RESULTS Serum PKM2 levels were 6-fold higher in IBD patients compared to healthy controls, with no sensitivity to disease phenotype (Crohn's Disease or Ulcerative Colitis) or localization of inflammation. Serum PKM2 had considerably less interindividual variability than established IBD fecal biomarkers. A positive Pearson correlation (r=0.6121) existed between serum PKM2 and Bacteroidetes fecal levels in Crohn's disease (CD), while a negative (r=-0.6128) correlation was observed with Actinobacteria fecal levels. Furthermore, LPS (500ng/mL) significantly increased PKM2 expression in vitro, which was significantly suppressed by an anti-inflammatory flaxseed bioactive agent. CONCLUSION Our data suggests PKM2 as a putative biomarker for IBD and the dysbiosis of microflora in CD. Investigations involving larger number of clinical patients are necessary to validate its use as a serum biomarker of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Almousa
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Marc Morris
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sharyle Fowler
- Department of Gastroenterology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Jennifer Jones
- Division of Digestive Care & Endoscopy, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jane Alcorn
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Yan L, Wang L, Bai J, Miao X, Zeng W, Hua X, Ni R, Zhang D, Tang Q. Chromosome region maintenance-1 (CRM1) regulates apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells via p27kip1 in Crohn's disease. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2017; 41:445-458. [PMID: 28286054 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of chromosome region maintenance-1 (CRM1) in Crohn's disease (CD) and its potential pathological mechanisms. METHODS The expression and distribution of CRM1 in mucosal biopsies from patients with active CD and normal controls were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). We established a murine model of acute colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Western blot was performed to investigate the expression levels of CRM1, apoptotic markers (active caspase-3 and cleaved PARP), p27kip1 and p-p27ser10. IHC was performed to evaluate the distribution of CRM1, and double immunofluorescence (IF) was performed to evaluate the co-localization of CRM1 and active capase-3. Cells of the human intestinal epithelial cell line HT-29 were incubated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to establish an apoptotic in vitro model. Western blot was performed to determine the expression levels of CRM1, active caspase-3, cleaved PARP and p-p27ser10. Cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts were assessed to examine the translocation of CRM1. The interaction between CRM1 and p27kip1 was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assays. Furthermore, we used small interfering RNA (siRNA) to knock down the protein expression of CRM1 in HT-29 cells and then measured the expression of active caspase-3, cleaved PARP and p-p27ser10. Flow cytometry was used to determine the effect of CRM1 on intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) apoptosis. RESULTS We observed up-regulation of CRM1 accompanied by elevated levels of IEC apoptotic markers (active caspase-3 and cleaved PARP) and p-p27ser10 in IECs of patients with active CD and in TNBS-induced colitis model cells. However, the expression of p27kip1 was negatively correlated with the expression patterns of CRM1, p-p27ser10 and apoptotic biochemical markers. Co-localization of CRM1 and active caspase-3 in IECs of the TNBS group further indicated the possible involvement of CRM1 in IEC apoptosis. By employing TNF-α-treated HT-29 cells as an in vitro IEC apoptosis model, we found that the expression levels of CRM1 and p-p27ser10 were in accordance with active caspase-3 and cleaved PARP. In addition, immunoprecipitation confirmed the physical interaction between CRM1 and p27kip1. siRNA knockdown of CRM1 significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of p27kip1 and the expression of active caspase-3 and cleaved PARP. In addition, flow cytometry analysis also showed that silencing CRM1 by siRNA inhibited TNF-α-induced cellular apoptosis in HT-29 cells. CONCLUSIONS Up-regulated CRM1 may facilitate IEC apoptosis possibly through p27kip1 in CD, indicating an important role of CRM1 in the pathophysiology of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jian'an Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianjing Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Weiwen Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiumei Hua
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Runzhou Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qiyun Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Wu H, Wang L, Zhang D, Qian J, Yan L, Tang Q, Ni R, Zou X. PRDM5 promotes the apoptosis of epithelial cells induced by IFN-γ during Crohn’s disease. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:666-673. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Novel Biomarkers and the Future Potential of Biomarkers in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:1936315. [PMID: 28522897 PMCID: PMC5410373 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1936315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing importance placed upon noninvasive assessment of gut inflammation. These tools are likely to be the key in differentiating intestinal inflammatory disease from functional disorders and in monitoring the response to intervention in individuals with known inflammatory conditions. Although various noninvasive markers are currently available, they have limitations and do not provide ideal utility. This review focuses on emerging markers of gut inflammation, highlighting the potential of specific markers.
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Microtubule-associated protein 1S-related autophagy inhibits apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells via Wnt/β-catenin signaling in Crohn's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:635-642. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
Immune cells constantly patrol the body via the bloodstream and migrate into multiple tissues where they face variable and sometimes demanding environmental conditions. Nutrient and oxygen availability can vary during homeostasis, and especially during the course of an immune response, creating a demand for immune cells that are highly metabolically dynamic. As an evolutionary response, immune cells have developed different metabolic programmes to supply them with cellular energy and biomolecules, enabling them to cope with changing and challenging metabolic conditions. In the past 5 years, it has become clear that cellular metabolism affects immune cell function and differentiation, and that disease-specific metabolic configurations might provide an explanation for the dysfunctional immune responses seen in rheumatic diseases. This Review outlines the metabolic challenges faced by immune cells in states of homeostasis and inflammation, as well as the variety of metabolic configurations utilized by immune cells during differentiation and activation. Changes in cellular metabolism that contribute towards the dysfunctional immune responses seen in rheumatic diseases are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Gaber
- Charité University Hospital, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cindy Strehl
- Charité University Hospital, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Buttgereit
- Charité University Hospital, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Khajah MA, Ananthalakshmi KV, Edafiogho I. Anti-Inflammatory Properties of the Enaminone E121 in the Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) Colitis Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168567. [PMID: 27997590 PMCID: PMC5173236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enaminones are synthetic compounds with an established role in the prevention of various forms of seizures. Recent evidence suggests potent anti-tussive, bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory properties. Pre-treatment with particularly E121 compound resulted in a decrease in leukocyte recruitment in the ovalbumin induced-model of asthma, immune cell proliferation and cytokine release in vitro. We hypothesize that E121 might serve as a therapeutic potential in intestinal inflammation through modulating immune cell functions. METHODS Colitis was induced by daily dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) administration for 5 days, and its severity was determined by gross and histological assessments. The plasma level of various cytokines was measured using flow cytometry-based assay. The colonic expression/ phosphorylation level of various molecules was determined by immunofluorescence and western blotting. The effects of E121 treatment on in vitro neutrophil chemotaxis (under-agarose assay), superoxide release (luminol oxidation assay) and apoptosis (annexin V/7AAD) were also determined. RESULTS DSS-induced colitis in mice was significantly reduced by daily E121 treatment (30-100 mg/kg) at gross and histological levels. This effect was due to modulated plasma levels of interleukin (IL-2) and colonic expression levels of various signaling molecules and proteins involved in apoptosis. In vitro neutrophil survival, chemotaxis, and superoxide release were also reduced by E121 treatment. CONCLUSION Our results indicate important anti-inflammatory actions of E121 in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ivan Edafiogho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Saint Joseph School of Pharmacy, Hartford, Connecticut, United States of America
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Bai JA, jie H, wei S, Wang S, Guo H, Tang Q. GART mediates the renewal of intestinal epithelial barrier via p38/p53/PUMA cascade in colitis. Apoptosis 2016; 21:1386-1397. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1301-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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The suppressor of cytokine signaling SOCS1 promotes apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells via p53 signaling in Crohn's disease. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 101:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Zong C, Nie X, Zhang D, Ji Q, Qin Y, Wang L, Jiang D, Gong C, Liu Y, Zhou G. Up regulation of glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR) is associated with intestinal epithelial cells apoptosis in TNBS-induced experimental colitis. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:365-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Alves-Filho JC, Pålsson-McDermott EM. Pyruvate Kinase M2: A Potential Target for Regulating Inflammation. Front Immunol 2016; 7:145. [PMID: 27148264 PMCID: PMC4838608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase (PK) is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the last step of glycolysis. Of the four PK isoforms expressed in mammalian cells, PKM2 has generated the most interest due to its impact on changes in cellular metabolism observed in cancer as well as in activated immune cells. As our understanding of dysregulated metabolism in cancer develops, and in light of the growing field of immunometabolism, intense efforts are in place to define the mechanism by which PKM2 regulates the metabolic profile of cancer as well as of immune cells. The enzymatic activity of PKM2 is heavily regulated by endogenous allosteric effectors as well as by intracellular signaling pathways, affecting both the enzymatic activity of PKM2 as a PK and the regulation of the recently described non-canonical nuclear functions of PKM2. We here review the current literature on PKM2 and its regulation, and discuss the potential for this protein as a therapeutic target in inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose C Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirao Preto , Brazil
| | - Eva M Pålsson-McDermott
- Biomedical Science Institute, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
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Hu W, Lu SX, Li M, Zhang C, Liu LL, Fu J, Jin JT, Luo RZ, Zhang CZ, Yun JP. Pyruvate kinase M2 prevents apoptosis via modulating Bim stability and associates with poor outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:6570-83. [PMID: 25788265 PMCID: PMC4466635 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) contributes to the Warburg effect, a hallmark of cancer. We showed that PKM2 levels were correlated with overall survival (hazard ration = 1.675, 95% confidence interval: 1.389-2.019, P < 0.001) and disease-free survival (hazard ration = 1.573, 95% confidence interval: 1.214-2.038, P < 0.001) in a cohort of 490 patients with HCC. The correlations were further validated in an independent cohort of 148 HCC patients. Multivariate analyses revealed that PKM2 was an independent indicator of poor outcome in HCC. The knockdown of PKM2 in HCC cells inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Bim siRNA markedly abolished the PKM2-depletion-induced apoptosis. PKM2 depletion decreased the degradation of Bim. In clinical samples, PKM2 expression was reversely correlated with Bim expression. Combination of PKM2 and Bim levels had the best prognostic significance. We suggest that PKM2 serves as a promising biomarker for poor prognosis of patients with HCC and its knockdown induces HCC apoptosis by stabilizing Bim.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Bcl-2-Like Protein 11
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Disease-Free Survival
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Liver Neoplasms/enzymology
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/mortality
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/therapy
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice, Nude
- Multivariate Analysis
- Protein Stability
- Proteolysis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNAi Therapeutics
- Signal Transduction
- Thyroid Hormones/genetics
- Thyroid Hormones/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Thyroid Hormone-Binding Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shi-Xun Lu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Min Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Li-Li Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jia Fu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jie-Tian Jin
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Rong-Zhen Luo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chris Zhiyi Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jing-Ping Yun
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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