1
|
Chaudhary V, Kumar M, Chauhan C, Sirohi U, Srivastav AL, Rani L. Strategies for mitigation of pesticides from the environment through alternative approaches: A review of recent developments and future prospects. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120326. [PMID: 38387349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Chemical-based peticides are having negative impacts on both the healths of human beings and plants as well. The World Health Organisation (WHO), reported that each year, >25 million individuals in poor nations are having acute pesticide poisoning cases along with 20,000 fatal injuries at global level. Normally, only ∼0.1% of the pesticide reaches to the intended targets, and rest amount is expected to come into the food chain/environment for a longer period of time. Therefore, it is crucial to reduce the amounts of pesticides present in the soil. Physical or chemical treatments are either expensive or incapable to do so. Hence, pesticide detoxification can be achieved through bioremediation/biotechnologies, including nano-based methodologies, integrated approaches etc. These are relatively affordable, efficient and environmentally sound methods. Therefore, alternate strategies like as advanced biotechnological tools like as CRISPR Cas system, RNAi and genetic engineering for development of insects and pest resistant plants which are directly involved in the development of disease- and pest-resistant plants and indirectly reduce the use of pesticides. Omics tools and multi omics approaches like metagenomics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics for the efficient functional gene mining and their validation for bioremediation of pesticides also discussed from the literatures. Overall, the review focuses on the most recent advancements in bioremediation methods to lessen the effects of pesticides along with the role of microorganisms in pesticides elimination. Further, pesticide detection is also a big challenge which can be done by using HPLC, GC, SERS, and LSPR ELISA etc. which have also been described in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veena Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Meerut College, Meerut, Uttar-Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping Architecture, College of Horticulture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chetan Chauhan
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping Architecture, College of Horticulture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ujjwal Sirohi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Lal Srivastav
- Chitkara University School of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Lata Rani
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Donaher SE, Van den Hurk P. Ecotoxicology of the herbicide paraquat: effects on wildlife and knowledge gaps. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:1187-1199. [PMID: 37973658 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02714-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is an organic herbicide introduced to the commercial market in 1962 and since linked to a variety of human health effects, including lung fibrosis, liver tumors, and Parkinson's disease. Although PQ is banned in the European Union, it is still frequently used in agricultural areas of the United States and Asia. The general mechanism of PQ's toxicity is the disruption of the redox cycle in cells. This mini-review summarizes our current understanding of PQ toxicity in non-target plants and animals. Among vertebrates, PQ sensitivity tends follow the pattern of fish > amphibians > mammals > birds. Aquatic plants are particularly vulnerable to PQ, with EC50 values ranging from ~28-280 μg/L. A number of convenient but non-specific biomarkers have been identified for non-target species, including the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, histological changes in the gill structures of fish, and the upregulation of genes associated with the cytochrome p450 monooxygenase system. Significant literature gaps include a lack of data for environmentally realistic conditions (i.e., chronic, low concentration, multi-stressor), toxicity in reptiles, and population- and ecosystem-level effects. Although PQ is a useful herbicide, considering the many human and ecological health impacts, it may be time for regulators and the agricultural industry to reconsider its use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Donaher
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anderson, SC, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma Q, Han X, Song J, Wang J, Li Q, Parales RE, Li L, Ruan Z. Characterization of a new chlorimuron-ethyl-degrading strain Cedecea sp. LAM2020 and biodegradation pathway revealed by multiomics analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130197. [PMID: 36272371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of the herbicide chlorimuron-methyl is hazard to rotational crops and causes soil degradation problems. Biodegradation is considered a promising way for removing herbicide residues from the environment. Here, a new isolated strain, Cedecea sp. LAM2020, enabled complete degradation of 100 mg/L chlorimuron-methyl within five days. Transcriptome analysis revealed that ABC transporters, atrazine degradation and purine metabolism were enriched in the KEGG pathway. Integrating GO and KEGG classification with related reports, we predict that carboxylesterases are involved in the biodegradation of chlorimuron-methyl by LAM2020. Heterologous expression of the carboxylesterase gene carH showed 26.67% degradation of 50 mg/L chlorimuron-methyl within 6 h. The intracellular potential biological response and extracellular degradation process of chlorimuron-ethyl were analyzed by the nontarget metabolomic and mass spectrometry respectively, and the biodegradation characteristics and complete mineralization pathway was revealed. The cleavage of the sulfonylurea bridge and the ester bond achieved the first step in the degradation of chlorimuron-methyl. Together, these results reveal the presence of acidolysis and enzymatic degradation of chlorimuron-methyl by strain LAM2020. Hydroponic corn experiment showed that the addition of strain LAM2020 alleviated the toxic effects of chlorimuron-ethyl on the plants. Collectively, strain LAM2020 may be a promising microbial agent for plants chlorimuron-ethyl detoxification and soil biofertilizer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Ma
- CAAS-CIAT Joint Laboratory in Advanced Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- Autobio Diagnostics Co., Ltd., 450016, China
| | - Jinlong Song
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- CAAS-CIAT Joint Laboratory in Advanced Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Qingqing Li
- CAAS-CIAT Joint Laboratory in Advanced Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Rebecca E Parales
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Ruan
- CAAS-CIAT Joint Laboratory in Advanced Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wanger TC, Brook BW, Evans T, Tscharntke T. Pesticides reduce tropical amphibian and reptile diversity in agricultural landscapes in Indonesia. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15046. [PMID: 36967985 PMCID: PMC10035417 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticide use on tropical crops has increased substantially in recent decades, posing a threat to biodiversity and ecosystem services. Amphibians and reptiles are common in tropical agricultural landscapes, but few field studies measure pesticide impacts on these taxa. Here we combine 1-year of correlative data with an experimental field approach from Indonesia. We show that while pesticide application cannot predict amphibian or reptile diversity patterns in cocoa plantations, our experimental exposure to herbicides and insecticides in vegetable gardens eliminated amphibians, whereas reptiles were less impacted by insecticide and not affected by herbicide exposure. The pesticide-driven loss of a common amphibian species known to be a pest-control agent (mainly invertebrate predation) suggests a strong indirect negative effect of pesticides on this service. We recommend landscape-based Integrated Pest Management and additional ecotoxicological studies on amphibians and reptiles to underpin a regulatory framework and to assure recognition and protection of their ecosystem services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cherico Wanger
- Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems & Engineering Laboratory/School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Theodore Evans
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Machigov EA, Igonina EV, Sviridova DA, Rubanovich AV, Abilev SK. The Genotoxic Effect of the Paraquat Radiomimetic on Escherichia coli Bacteria. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s106235902212010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
|
6
|
Ferguson S, Mesnage R, Antoniou MN. Cytotoxicity Mechanisms of Eight Major Herbicide Active Ingredients in Comparison to Their Commercial Formulations. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10110711. [PMID: 36422919 PMCID: PMC9699558 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Commercial pesticide formulations contain co-formulants, which are generally considered as having no toxic effects in mammals. This study aims to compare the toxicity of 8 major herbicide active ingredients-namely glyphosate, dicamba, 2,4-D, fluroxypyr, quizalofop-p-ethyl, pendimethalin, propyzamide and metazachlor-with a typical commercial formulation of each active ingredient. Cytotoxicity and oxidative stress capability was assessed in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Using an MTT assay, formulations of glyphosate (Roundup Probio), fluroxypyr (Hurler), quizalofop-p-ethyl (Targa Super) and dicamba (Hunter) were more toxic than the active ingredient alone. Metazachlor and its formulation Sultan had similar cytotoxicity profiles. Cytotoxicity profiles were comparable in immortalised human fibroblasts. Toxilight necrosis assays showed the formulation of metazachlor (Sultan50C) resulted in significant membrane disruption compared to the active ingredient. Generation of reactive oxygen species was detected for glyphosate, fluroxypyr, pendimethalin, quizalofop-p-ethyl, the formulation of 2,4-D (Anti-Liserons), and dicamba and its formulation Hunter. Further testing of quizalofop-p-ethyl and its formulation Targa Super in the ToxTracker assay system revealed that both products induced oxidative stress and an unfolded protein response. In conclusion, these results show that most herbicide formulations tested in this study are more toxic than their active ingredients in human tissue culture cell model systems. The results add to a growing body of evidence, which implies that commercial herbicide formulations and not just their active ingredients should be evaluated in regulatory risk assessment of pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scarlett Ferguson
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Robin Mesnage
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Buchinger Wilhelmi Clinic, Wilhelmi-Beck-Straße 27, 88662 Überlingen, Germany
| | - Michael N. Antoniou
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Y, Wang H, Chai L, Li X, Wu M, Wang H. Effects of perchlorate and exogenous T4 exposures on development, metamorphosis and endochondral ossification in Bufo gargarizans larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 242:106036. [PMID: 34818595 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Several endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been proven to interfere with the physiological function of thyroid hormone (TH), which affected growth and development. However, few studies have investigated the effects of EDCs on TH axis with consequence for skeletal development in amphibians. This study thus examined the potential role of perchlorate and T4 in growth, development and endochondral ossification during metamorphosis of Bufo gargarizans. Our studies showed that NaClO₄ treatment caused weight gain and delayed the developmental stage in B. gargarizans tadpoles, while T4 decreased body size and survival rate, accelerated metamorphic duration and increased the risk of early death. Histological sections suggested that NaClO₄ and T4 treatments caused damages to thyroid tissue, such as decreased thyroid gland size, follicle size, colloid area, the height of follicular epithelial cells and the number of follicles. In addition, the double skeletal staining and RT-qPCR showed that NaClO₄ and T4 treatments inhibited the endochondral ossification by regulating TH synthesis (TRs, Dios) and endochondral ossification-related genes (MMPs, Runxs, VEGFs and VEGFRs) expression levels, which might affect terrestrial locomotion and terrestrial life. Altogether, these thyroid injury and gene expression changes as caused by NaClO₄ and T4 may have an influence on development and endochondral ossification during the metamorphosis of amphibians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Liu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hemei Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lihong Chai
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Minyao Wu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xue W, Zhang Y, Wei W. Single and binary-combined toxic effects of acetochlor and Cu 2+ on goldfish (Carassius auratus) larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 250:109165. [PMID: 34416384 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Acetochlor and copper are common freshwater pollutants and pose a severe threat to aquatic animals. The toxicity of acetochlor (Ac) and Cu2+ toward goldfish larvae was investigated by subjecting the larvae to different concentrations of acetochlor, Cu2+, and mixed solutions for 1, 3, and 7 days. The length of goldfish larvae exposed to the 100 μg/L Ac + 100 μg/L Cu2+ mixed solution was considerably lower than that of the control on day 3, but there were no significant differences among the other groups. The heart rates of the larvae in 100 μg/L Ac + 100 μg/L Cu2+ mixed solution were higher than those of the control group on days 3 and 7. Acetochlor and Cu2+ also caused severe damage to the liver and intestine of the larvae, especially in the 100 μg/L Ac + 100 μg/L Cu2+ mixed solution group. Indicators related to oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and total superoxide dismutase) that could potentially be induced by acetochlor or Cu2+ began to increase on day 7, and the enzyme activities of the larvae in the mixed groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. In contrast, the expression levels of the genes related to antioxidant stress were rapidly down-regulated in all groups on the 7th day after exposure. Briefly, the combined toxicity of acetochlor and Cu2+ was stronger than that of the single toxicity treatments. Furthermore, toxicity toward larvae in the mixed solution group (100 μg/L Ac + 100 μg/L Cu2+) was more obvious.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenzhi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ren C, Teng Y, Shen Y, Yao Q, Wang H. Altered temperature affect body condition and endochondral ossification in Bufo gargarizans tadpoles. J Therm Biol 2021; 99:103020. [PMID: 34420650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bufo gargarizans is one kind of economic animals with higher medicinal value in China. In this study, B. gargarizans (Bufo gargarizans) tadpoles were reared at three different water temperature (15, 22 and 29 °C) from Gosner stages 28-46. We investigated the effects of temperature on growth, development, survival, metamorphic duration, size and skeletal ossification at Gosner stage 40, 42, and 46, as well as thyroid tissue reached metamorphic climax (Gs42). Besides, we examined the transcription levels of endochondral ossification-related genes in hind limb at metamorphic climax (Gs42). Our results showed that the growth and development of tadpoles conform to the temperature-size rule (TSR). While warm temperature resulted in the decrease in body size and hind limb length, and shorten larval period, cold temperature led to increase in body size and hind limb length but prolonged larval period. Histological examinations revealed that warm and cold temperatures caused damage to thyroid tissue. Also, warm and cold temperatures inhibited the degree of ossification with the double staining methodology. Additionally, the real-time PCR results suggested that warm and cold temperatures significantly up-regulated Runx2, VEGF and VEGFR mRNA levels, and down-regulated TRβ, MMP9, MMP13 and Runx3 mRNA levels. The up-regulation of Dio2 level and down-regulation of Dio3 level were observed in warm temperature. TRα mRNA level was significantly increased in warm temperature, but decreased in cold temperature. Collectively, these observations demonstrated that warm and cold temperatures affected endochondral ossification in B. gargarizans tadpoles, which might influence their capacity to terrestrial locomotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaolu Ren
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yiran Teng
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yujia Shen
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Qiong Yao
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Simbula G, Moltedo G, Catalano B, Martuccio G, Sebbio C, Onorati F, Stellati L, Bissattini AM, Vignoli L. Biological responses in pesticide exposed lizards (Podarcis siculus). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1017-1028. [PMID: 34176071 PMCID: PMC8295152 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02440-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The release of contaminants as herbicides, fungicides and insecticides into the environment has been listed as one of the six major contributors to the global decline of reptiles. Although reptiles may face severe risk from contaminants due to their ecology and physiology, they are currently less studied than other vertebrate groups. In the present work, we investigated if and how different types of field treatment (conventional and organic) affected the health status of Italian wall lizard (Podarcis siculus) individuals in central Italy. We chose a multi-biomarker approach that evaluated the biological responses of lizards to the treatment by means of AChE activity in the nervous system, biotransformation enzymes activities and oxidative stress in the liver, micronuclei frequency measured in the erythrocytes, and rate of intestinal parasitic infection. Our findings showed evidence of effects of treatment in conventional areas and between sexes with significant oxidative stress due to hydroxyl radicals, that caused DNA damage. No difference of intestinal parasite infections was found among treatments. Podarcis siculus seems to be a good bioindicator in ecotoxicological studies and potentially in risk assessment of pesticides, although further analyses in laboratory and in the field are needed to achieve more accurate quantification of specific pesticide effects in relation to known exposure history and to understand if other mechanisms were involved in the toxicity and detoxification process of pesticides for this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Simbula
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ginevra Moltedo
- Istituto Superiore per la Ricerca e la Protezione Ambientale - ISPRA, Via di Castel Romano, 100, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Catalano
- Istituto Superiore per la Ricerca e la Protezione Ambientale - ISPRA, Via di Castel Romano, 100, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Martuccio
- Istituto Superiore per la Ricerca e la Protezione Ambientale - ISPRA, Via di Castel Romano, 100, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Sebbio
- Istituto Superiore per la Ricerca e la Protezione Ambientale - ISPRA, Via di Castel Romano, 100, Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvio Onorati
- Istituto Superiore per la Ricerca e la Protezione Ambientale - ISPRA, Via di Castel Romano, 100, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Stellati
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Leonardo Vignoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma X, Zhang Y, Guan M, Zhang W, Tian H, Jiang C, Tan X, Kang W. Genotoxicity of chloroacetamide herbicides and their metabolites in vitro and in vivo. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:103. [PMID: 33907828 PMCID: PMC8054635 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of chloroacetamide herbicide in embryo development remains unclear. Acetochlor (AC) is a chloroacetamide that metabolizes into 2‑ethyl‑6‑methyl-2-chloroacetanilide (CMEPA) and 6‑ethyl‑o‑toluidine (MEA). The present study determined the potential effect of AC and its metabolites on embryo development. Both HepG2 cells and zebrafish embryos were exposed to AC, CMEPA and MEA in the presence or absence of co‑treatment with anti‑reactive oxygen species (ROS) reagent N‑acetylcysteine. The generation of ROS, levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in HepG2 cells and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage from HepG2 cells were investigated. The effects of AC, CMEPA and MEA on DNA breakage, MAPK/ERK pathway activity, viability and apoptosis of HepG2 cells were examined by comet assay, western blotting, MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Levels of LDH, SOD and GSH in zebrafish embryos exposed to AC, CMEPA and MEA were measured. The hatching and survival rates of zebrafish embryos exposed to AC, CMEPA and MEA, were determined, and apoptosis of hatched fish was investigated using acridine orange staining. The present data showed AC, CMEPA and MEA induced generation of ROS and decreased levels of SOD and GSH in HepG2 cells, which in turn promoted DNA breakage and LDH leakage from cells, ultimately inhibiting cell viability and inducing apoptosis, as well as phosphorylation of JNK and P38. However, co‑treatment with N‑acetylcysteine alleviated the pro‑apoptosis effect of AC and its metabolites. Moreover, exposure to AC, CMEPA and MEA lead to toxicity of zebrafish embryos with decreased SOD and GSH and increased LDH levels and cell apoptosis, ultimately decreasing the hatching and survival rates of zebrafish, all of which was attenuated by treatment with N‑acetylcysteine. Therefore, AC and its metabolites (CMEPA and MEA) showed cytotoxicity and embryo development toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Ma
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Mingyang Guan
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066000, P.R. China
| | - Huifang Tian
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Caixiao Jiang
- Hebei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxin Tan
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Weijun Kang
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Oladokun EI, Sogbanmu TO, Anikwe JC. Sublethal concentrations of dichlorvos and paraquat induce genotoxic and histological effects in the Clarias gariepinus. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2020; 35:e2020013. [PMID: 32791577 PMCID: PMC7656167 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-target aquatic organisms such as fish may be impacted by agricultural activities through the run-off of pesticides from farms into aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the genotoxic (erythrocytic micronuclei) and histological effects of sublethal concentrations (1% and 10% of 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50) values) of two pesticides (dichlorvos and paraquat) were evaluated in Clarias gariepinus (the African Sharptooth Catfish) for 28 days. The 96-h LC50 of dichlorvos and paraquat against fingerlings of C. gariepinus was 730 μg/L and 50 μg/L, respectively. There was a significant dose-dependent increase (p<0.05) in micronuclei in the erythrocytes of exposed C. gariepinus (2.00±0.82 ‰ to 3.25±1.26 ‰ for dichlorvos and 2.25±0.96 ‰ to 4.75±0.96 ‰ for paraquat) compared to control (0.75±0.96 ‰) by day 28. Gill histological alterations such as mild to severe necrosis and blunting of secondary lamellae were observed in C. gariepinus exposed to higher sublethal concentrations of both pesticides. This study showed that non-target aquatic organisms like C. gariepinus may be at risk of adverse biological effects from exposure to pesticides from non-point sources. We recommend environmental monitoring and sensitization on responsible pesticide use to stakeholders. This will forestall potential adverse ecological effects in aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer I Oladokun
- Ecotoxicology and Conservation Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Temitope O Sogbanmu
- Ecotoxicology and Conservation Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Joseph C Anikwe
- Entomology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang Y, Xue W, Long R, Yang H, Wei W. Acetochlor affects zebrafish ovarian development by producing estrogen effects and inducing oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:27688-27696. [PMID: 32394252 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acetochlor is one of the most widely used pesticides worldwide and widely distributed in the water environment. However, studies on the reproductive influence of acetochlor are still limited. To investigate the impact and potential mechanism of acetochlor on fish ovarian development, zebrafish were utilized as experiment models. The ovarian histology, ovarian development-related genes, and plasma oxidative stress-related indexes were investigated following acetochlor (at nominal concentration 1, 10, and 100 μg/L) exposure for 7 and 21 days. Results showed that low-dose acetochlor had estrogen effect and induced zebrafish estradiol (E2) and ovarian vitellogenin (Vtg) synthesis and promoted ovarian development, while long-term exposure to higher doses of acetochlor reduced the ability of ovarian resistance to oxidative stress and destroyed the development of the ovary. Moreover, bone morphogenetic protein 15 (bmp15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (gdf9) were also involved in the influence of acetochlor on the ovarian development of zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Runze Long
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenzhi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Silva AM, Silva SC, Soares JP, Martins-Gomes C, Teixeira JP, Leal F, Gaivão I. Ginkgo biloba L. Leaf Extract Protects HepG2 Cells Against Paraquat-Induced Oxidative DNA Damage. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8120556. [PMID: 31795413 PMCID: PMC6963582 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba L. leaf extracts and herbal infusions are used worldwide due to the health benefits that are attributed to its use, including anti-neoplastic, anti-aging, neuro-protection, antioxidant and others. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an aqueous Ginkgo biloba extract on HepG2 cell viability, genotoxicity and DNA protection against paraquat-induced oxidative damage. Exposure to paraquat (PQ), over 24 h incubation at 1.0 and 1.5 µM, did not significantly reduce cell viability but induced concentration and time-dependent oxidative DNA damage. Ginkgo biloba leaf extract produced dose-dependent cytotoxicity (IC50 = 540.8 ± 40.5 µg/mL at 24 h exposure), and short incubations (1 h) produced basal and oxidative DNA damage (>750 and 1500 µg/mL, respectively). However, lower concentrations (e.g., 75 µg/mL) of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract were not cytotoxic and reduced basal DNA damage, indicating a protective effect at incubations up to 4 h. On the other hand, longer incubations (24 h) induced oxidative DNA damage. Co-incubation of HepG2 cells for 4 h, with G. biloba leaf extract (75 µg/mL) and PQ (1.0 or 1.5 µM) significantly reduced PQ-induced oxidative DNA damage. In conclusion, the consumption of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract for long periods at high doses/concentrations is potentially toxic; however, low doses protect the cells against basal oxidative damage and against environmentally derived toxicants that induce oxidative DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amélia M. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (ECVA, UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.C.S.); (C.M.-G.)
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila-Real, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.M.S.); (I.G.); Tel.: +351-259350921 (A.M.S.); +351-259350734 (I.G.)
| | - Sandra C. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (ECVA, UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.C.S.); (C.M.-G.)
- Department of Genetic and Biotechnology, (ECVA, UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila-Real, Portugal;
| | - Jorge P. Soares
- Research Center in Sports, Health Sciences and Human Development, ECVA, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (ECVA, UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.C.S.); (C.M.-G.)
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila-Real, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal;
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Leal
- Department of Genetic and Biotechnology, (ECVA, UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila-Real, Portugal;
- BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (BioISI-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gaivão
- Department of Genetic and Biotechnology, (ECVA, UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila-Real, Portugal;
- The Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, (CECAV-UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.M.S.); (I.G.); Tel.: +351-259350921 (A.M.S.); +351-259350734 (I.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang C, Hao Q, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Sun P, Pan H, Zhang H, Sun F. Transcriptomic analysis of Chlorimuron-ethyl degrading bacterial strain Klebsiella jilinsis 2N3. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109581. [PMID: 31446172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlorimuron-ethyl is a sulfonylurea herbicide with a long residual period in the field and is toxic to rotational crops. Klebsiella jilinsis 2N3 is a gram-negative bacterium that can rapidly degrade Chlorimuron-ethyl. In this study, the gene expression changes in strain 2N3 during degradation of Chlorimuron-ethyl was analyzed by RNA-Seq. Results showed that 386 genes were up-regulated and 453 genes were down-regulated. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed the highest enrichment ratio in the pathway of sulfur metabolism. On the basis of the functional annotation and gene expression, we predicted that carboxylesterase, monooxygenase, glycosyltransferase, and cytochrome P450 were involved in the metabolism of Chlorimuron-ethyl biodegradation. Results of qRT-PCR showed that the relative mRNA expression levels of these genes were higher in treatment group than those in control group. The cytochrome P450 encoded by Kj-CysJ and the alkanesulfonate monooxygenase encoded by Kj-SsuD were predicted and further experimentally confirmed by gene knockout as the key enzymes in the biodegradation process. Cultured in basal medium containing Chlorimuron-ethyl (5 mg L-1) in 36 h, the strains of ΔKj-CysJ, ΔKj-SsuD, and WT reached the highest OD600 values of 0.308, 0.873, and 1.085, and the highest degradation rates of Chlorimuron-ethyl of 11.83%, 96.21%, and 95.62%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- College of Resource and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China
| | - Qingkai Hao
- College of Resource and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China
| | - Sisheng Zhang
- College of Resource and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China
| | - Zhengyi Zhang
- College of Resource and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China
| | - Xianghui Zhang
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA, 50011
| | - Hongyu Pan
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Resource and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China.
| | - Fengjie Sun
- School of Science and Technology, Georgia Gwinnett College, Lawrenceville, GA, USA, 30024.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gonçalves MW, de Campos CBM, Godoy FR, Gambale PG, Nunes HF, Nomura F, Bastos RP, da Cruz AD, de Melo E Silva D. Assessing Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Three Common Amphibian Species Inhabiting Agroecosystem Environment. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 77:409-420. [PMID: 31236619 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Amphibians are constantly exposed to pollutants and the stress of agricultural activities. We selected three anuran amphibian species Dendropsophus minutus, Boana albopunctata, and Physalaemus cuvieri, totaling 309 individuals. We collected tadpoles in 15 permanent ponds: 5 soybean crops, 3 corn crops, and 7 nonagricultural lands. Our study provides the first comparative data on the genotoxicity and mutagenicity of three common amphibian anurans. Dendropsophus minutus was the most vulnerable species compared with B. albopunctata and P. cuvieri for comet assay and micronuclei test. However, the more significant amount of DNA damage seen in D. minutus does not mean that their populations are threatened once such species adapt well to anthropogenic disturbances. Despite, P. cuvieri was less sensitive than the other two species; the DNA damage was significantly higher in soybean crops. Physalaemus cuvieri is a leptodactylidae species that deposit their eggs in foam nests, which are essential to protect eggs from dehydration. Moreover, the foam reduces the contact of eggs with water; thus, P. cuvieri eggs could be less exposed to contaminants present in pounds, compared with D. minutus and B. albopunctata, which deposit their eggs directly in the water. Therefore, this study was sufficiently sensitive to detect genotoxic and mutagenic effects in tadpoles exposed to agroecosystems. We strongly suggest D. minutus in future biomonitoring studies that involve the comparison of anthropized versus not anthropized environments. Overall, we recommend the comet assay and micronucleus test as effective methods for the detection of genotoxic damage in amphibian anurans to the environmental disturbance, especially in agricultural sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Macks Wendhell Gonçalves
- Campus II, Itatiaia, Laboratório de Mutagênese, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas 1, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Cep: 74001-970, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Calebe Bertolino Marins de Campos
- Campus II, Itatiaia, Laboratório de Mutagênese, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas 1, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Cep: 74001-970, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ribeiro Godoy
- Departamento de Biologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Guedes Gambale
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Hugo Freire Nunes
- Campus II, Itatiaia, Laboratório de Mutagênese, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas 1, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Cep: 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Fausto Nomura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rogério Pereira Bastos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Aparecido Divino da Cruz
- Departamento de Biologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Melo E Silva
- Campus II, Itatiaia, Laboratório de Mutagênese, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas 1, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Cep: 74001-970, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
- Departamento de Biologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gajski G, Žegura B, Ladeira C, Novak M, Sramkova M, Pourrut B, Del Bo' C, Milić M, Gutzkow KB, Costa S, Dusinska M, Brunborg G, Collins A. The comet assay in animal models: From bugs to whales - (Part 2 Vertebrates). MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 781:130-164. [PMID: 31416573 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The comet assay has become one of the methods of choice for the evaluation and measurement of DNA damage. It is sensitive, quick to perform and relatively affordable for the evaluation of DNA damage and repair at the level of individual cells. The comet assay can be applied to virtually any cell type derived from different organs and tissues. Even though the comet assay is predominantly used on human cells, the application of the assay for the evaluation of DNA damage in yeast, plant and animal cells is also quite high, especially in terms of biomonitoring. The present extensive overview on the usage of the comet assay in animal models will cover both terrestrial and water environments. The first part of the review was focused on studies describing the comet assay applied in invertebrates. The second part of the review, (Part 2) will discuss the application of the comet assay in vertebrates covering cyclostomata, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals, in addition to chordates that are regarded as a transitional form towards vertebrates. Besides numerous vertebrate species, the assay is also performed on a range of cells, which includes blood, liver, kidney, brain, gill, bone marrow and sperm cells. These cells are readily used for the evaluation of a wide spectrum of genotoxic agents both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the use of vertebrate models and their role in environmental biomonitoring will also be discussed as well as the comparison of the use of the comet assay in vertebrate and human models in line with ethical principles. Although the comet assay in vertebrates is most commonly used in laboratory animals such as mice, rats and lately zebrafish, this paper will only briefly review its use regarding laboratory animal models and rather give special emphasis to the increasing usage of the assay in domestic and wildlife animals as well as in various ecotoxicological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Bojana Žegura
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC - Health & Technology Research Center, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Centro de Investigação e Estudos em Saúde de Publica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Matjaž Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Monika Sramkova
- Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bertrand Pourrut
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- DeFENS-Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Solange Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry-MILK, NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Carvalho WF, Ruiz de Arcaute C, Pérez-Iglesias JM, Laborde MRR, Soloneski S, Larramendy ML. DNA damage exerted by mixtures of commercial formulations of glyphosate and imazethapyr herbicides in Rhinella arenarum (Anura, Bufonidae) tadpoles. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:367-377. [PMID: 30826955 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) and imazethapyr (IMZT) are two herbicides commonly used worldwide, either alone or in mixtures. They represent key pesticides in modern agricultural management. The toxicity that results when employed as mixtures has not been characterized so far. Acute toxicity of the 48% GLY-based herbicide (GBH) Credit® and the 10.59% IMZT-based herbicide (IBH) Pivot® H alone and their binary combinations was analyzed in Rhinella arenarum tadpoles exposed in a semi-static renewal test. Lethal effects were determined using mortality as the end-point, whereas sublethal effects were determined employing the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) bioassay. Based on mortality experiments, results revealed LC5096 h values of 78.18 mg/L GBH and 0.99 mg/L IBH for Credit® and Pivot® H, respectively. An increase in the genetic damage index (GDI) was found after exposure to Credit® or Pivot® H at 5 and 10% of LC5096 h values. The combinations of 5% Credit®-5% Pivot® H LC5096 h and 10% Credit®-10% Pivot® H LC5096 h concentrations significantly enhanced the GDI in comparison with tadpoles exposed only to Credit® or Pivot® H. Thus, the effect of interaction between GBH and IBH inducing DNA damage in R. arenarum blood cells can be considered to be synergistic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa F Carvalho
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Celeste Ruiz de Arcaute
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Pérez-Iglesias
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Milagros R R Laborde
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
- Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia Soloneski
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo L Larramendy
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, La Plata, 1900, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang H, Meng Z, Zhou L, Cao Z, Liao X, Ye R, Lu H. Effects of acetochlor on neurogenesis and behaviour in zebrafish at early developmental stages. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:954-964. [PMID: 33395817 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide acetochlor is used in most parts of the world and is frequently detected in agricultural land and surface water; however, knowledge on the neurotoxicity of acetochlor is limited. Here, to test the effects of acetochlor on zebrafish development and behaviour, zebrafish embryos were exposed to acetochlor from 6 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 24 hpf, and larvae at 6 days post-fertilization (dpf) were exposed to acetochlor for 24 h. Both were exposed to 5, 10, or 20 mg/L acetochlor. We found that acetochlor induced developmental abnormalities, locomotion variations and changes in the physiology and gene expression in the embryos and larvae. The abnormalities included spinal curvature, brain abnormalities, and the decreased formation of newborn neurons. Larval locomotion was decreased with increases in the absolute turn angle and sinuosity. Acetylcholinesterase activity reduced in both embryos and larvae, and the expression of genes that are involved in neurodevelopment and the neurotransmitter system altered. Acetochlor increased the production of ROS and the accumulation of MDA but decreased CAT activity in the embryonic brain. Additionally, acetochlor induced cell death in the brain and tail spinal cord, and the expression of the apoptosis-related genes Bcl2 and caspase 3 were significantly upregulated. Collectively, this is the first study to examine the molecular and physiological effects of acetochlor on neuronal development, and the potential mechanisms appear to be associated with oxidative stress and decreased AChE activity, which disrupt the expression of nervous system genes and apoptosis-related genes and finally lead to apoptosis and morphological malformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Wang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhen Meng
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liqun Zhou
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zigang Cao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rongfang Ye
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ma Y, Li B, Ke Y, Zhang Y. Effects of low doses Trichlorfon exposure on Rana chensinensis tadpoles. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:30-36. [PMID: 30240524 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trichlorfon is an organophosphate insecticide widely used in aquaculture and agriculture. Little is known about the effects of long-term of low doses trichlorfon exposure on amphibians. In this study, we investigated the effects of low doses trichlorfon on Rana chensinensis tadpoles after exposure to 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/L trichlorfon for 2 and 4 weeks. Survival, growth, development and mortality were monitored regularly over the course of exposure. The results showed that trichlorfon led to a decrease in tadpole survival. Reductions in growth and disruptions to the development of tadpoles were observed in trichlorfon treatments. Morphological abnormalities of affected tadpoles included axial flexures, skeletal malformations and lateral kinks. Trichlorfon increased the frequency of micronucleus (MN) formation in circulating erythrocytes of tadpoles exposed for 2 weeks to 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L trichlorfon. At all concentrations, an enhanced frequency of MN formation was observed in tadpoles exposed for 4 weeks. Exposure to trichlorfon induced other nuclear abnormalities such as lobed and notched nuclei only in tadpoles exposed to 1.0 mg/L trichlorfon for 4 weeks. In addition, exposure to trichlorfon within the 0.01-1.0 mg/L range increased the genetic damage index in hepatic tissues in all treatments. Apoptosis-associated DNA fragmentation in hepatic tissues occurred in a weak ladder-like pattern. This study presents evidence of low doses trichlorfon effects on amphibians, highlighting the properties of this organophosphate insecticide that jeopardize nontarget species exposed to trichlorfon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Microbiology Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Microbiology Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Ke
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Microbiology Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - YuHui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pan X, Wang S, Shi N, Fang H, Yu Y. Biodegradation and detoxification of chlorimuron-ethyl by Enterobacter ludwigii sp. CE-1. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 150:34-39. [PMID: 29268112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The application of the herbicide chlorimuron-ethyl has a lasting toxic effect on some succession crops. Here, a bacterium capable of utilizing chlorimuron-ethyl as the sole source of nitrogen was isolated from the contaminated soil and was identified as Enterobacter ludwigii sp. CE-1, and its detoxification and degradation of the herbicide were then examined. The biodegradation of chlorimuron-ethyl by the isolate CE-1 was significantly accelerated with increasing concentration (1-10mg/l) and temperature (20-40°C). The optimal pH for the degradation of chlorimuron-ethyl by the isolate CE-1 was pH 7.0. A pathway for the biodegradation of chlorimuron-ethyl by the isolate CE-1 was proposed, in which it could be first converted into 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methoxypyrimidine and an intermediate product by the cleavage of the sulfonylurea bridge and then transformed into saccharin via hydrolysis and amidation. The plant height and fresh weight of corn that had been incubated in nutrient solution containing 0.2mg/l of chlorimuron-ethyl significantly recovered to 83.9% and 83.1% compared with those in the uninoculated control, although the root growth inhibition of chlorimuron-ethyl could not be alleviated after inoculation for 14 d. The results indicate that the isolate CE-1 is a promising bacterial resource for the biodegradation and detoxification of chlorimuron-ethyl.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Pan
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Saige Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Nan Shi
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Hua Fang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
| | - Yunlong Yu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tajai P, Fedeles BI, Suriyo T, Navasumrit P, Kanitwithayanun J, Essigmann JM, Satayavivad J. An engineered cell line lacking OGG1 and MUTYH glycosylases implicates the accumulation of genomic 8-oxoguanine as the basis for paraquat mutagenicity. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 116:64-72. [PMID: 29289706 PMCID: PMC5902796 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl, 4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride; PQ), a widely used herbicide, is toxic to mammals through ingestion, inhalation and skin contact. Epidemiological data suggest that PQ is also mutagenic and carcinogenic, especially in high doses. The toxic and mutagenic properties of PQ are attributed to the ability of the molecule to redox-cycle, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent oxidative stress. ROS also cause oxidative DNA damage such as 8-oxoguanine (8OG), a mutagenic base that, when replicated, causes G to T transversion mutations. The present study employed the CHO-derived cell line AS52 to quantify the mutagenic properties of low doses of PQ. By containing a functional, chromosomally-integrated copy of the bacterial gpt gene, AS52 cells a facile system for evaluating the mutagenic properties of genotoxicants. To bolster the sensitivity of this system for detecting mutagenesis of weak mutagens like PQ, and to provide a tool for mechanistic evaluation of the mutagenic process, we constructed a new AS52-derived cell line defective for 8OG DNA repair. Specifically, we employed CRISPR-Cas9 technology to knock out 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) and MUTYH glycosylase, two key enzymes involved in the base excision repair of 8OG. The double knock-out (DKO) AS52 cells were found to be more sensitive to PQ toxicity than the parental (WT) AS52 cell line. They experienced higher levels of ROS, which translated into more DNA double-strand breaks, which explained the PQ toxicity. The increased ROS levels also led to more 8OG genomic accumulation, and a higher level of mutations in the DKO cells, suggesting that PQ mutagenesis is mediated primarily by 8OG genomic accumulation. Consistent with this view, antioxidant co-treatment lowered induced cellular ROS and PQ-induced mutagenesis. Taken together, our data demonstrate the strong protective role of OGG1 and MUTYH against PQ-induced mutagenesis. Moreover, our experiments establish the engineered OGG1-/-MUTYH-/- AS52 cell line and associated methods as a versatile cellular system for studying in quantitative terms the mutagenesis of other agents, environmental or endogenous, that induce oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preechaya Tajai
- Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Departments of Biological Engineering and Chemistry, and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bogdan I Fedeles
- Departments of Biological Engineering and Chemistry, and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tawit Suriyo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Panida Navasumrit
- Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Jantamas Kanitwithayanun
- Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - John M Essigmann
- Departments of Biological Engineering and Chemistry, and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Jutamaad Satayavivad
- Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu H, Chu T, Chen L, Gui W, Zhu G. In vivo cardiovascular toxicity induced by acetochlor in zebrafish larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:600-608. [PMID: 28472748 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The risk of acetochlor to human health is still unclear, prompting concern over its risk, especially to pesticide suicides population, occupational population (farmers, retailers and pharmaceutical workers), and special population (young children and infants, pregnant women, older people, and those with compromised immune systems). This study was to explore the toxic effect and the possible mechanism of toxic action of acetochlor using zebrafish larvae whose toxicity profiles have been confirmed to be strikingly similar with mammalian. The result indicated that the toxic target organ of acetochlor was cardiovascular system. Thus, cardiovascular toxicity evaluation was investigated systematically. The main phenotypes of cardiovascular toxicity induced by acetochlor were bradycardia, pericardial edema, circulation defect, and thrombosis; Malformed heart was confirmed by histopathological examination. Thrombosis which maybe triggered by bradycardia was further studied using o-dianisidine for erythrocyte staining; Substantial thrombus in the caudal vein and significantly reduced heart red blood cells (RBCs) intensity which can reflect the thrombosis degree were observed in zebrafish in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, the mRNA expression level of Nkx2.5 and Gata4 related to induction of cardiac program were down-regulated significantly by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), which could cause defects in the cardiovascular system. For the first time, our results demonstrated that acetochlor induced cardiovascular toxicity, and down-regulation of Nkx2.5 and Gata4 might be its possible molecular basis. Our data generated here might provide novel insights into cardiovascular disease risk following acetochlor exposure to human, especially to pesticide suicides population, occupational population and special population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongcui Liu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tianyi Chu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenjun Gui
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Soloneski S, Ruiz de Arcaute C, Larramendy ML. Genotoxic effect of a binary mixture of dicamba- and glyphosate-based commercial herbicide formulations on Rhinella arenarum (Hensel, 1867) (Anura, Bufonidae) late-stage larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:17811-21. [PMID: 27250090 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The acute toxicity of two herbicide formulations, namely, the 57.71 % dicamba (DIC)-based Banvel(®) and the 48 % glyphosate (GLY)-based Credit(®), alone as well as the binary mixture of these herbicides was evaluated on late-stage Rhinella arenarum larvae (stage 36) exposed under laboratory conditions. Mortality was used as an endpoint for determining acute lethal effects, whereas the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay was employed as genotoxic endpoint to study sublethal effects. Lethality studies revealed LC5096 h values of 358.44 and 78.18 mg L(-1) DIC and GLY for Banvel(®) and Credit(®), respectively. SCGE assay revealed, after exposure for 96 h to either 5 and 10 % of the Banvel(®) LC5096 h concentration or 5 and 10 % of the Credit(®) LC5096 h concentration, an equal significant increase of the genetic damage index (GDI) regardless of the concentration of the herbicide assayed. The binary mixtures of 5 % Banvel(®) plus 5 % Credit(®) LC5096 h concentrations and 10 % Banvel(®) plus 10 % Credit(®) LC5096 h concentrations induced equivalent significant increases in the GDI in regard to GDI values from late-stage larvae exposed only to Banvel(®) or Credit(®). This study represents the first experimental evidence of acute lethal and sublethal effects exerted by DIC on the species, as well as the induction of primary DNA breaks by this herbicide in amphibians. Finally, a synergistic effect of the mixture of GLY and DIC on the induction of primary DNA breaks on circulating blood cells of R. arenarum late-stage larvae could be demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Soloneski
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celeste Ruiz de Arcaute
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo L Larramendy
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Comprehensive spectroscopic probing the interaction and conformation impairment of bovine serum albumin (BSA) by herbicide butachlor. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 162:332-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
26
|
Screening and Evaluation of Variables for Determination of Sulfonylurea Herbicides in Water Samples by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. SEPARATIONS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/separations3030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
27
|
Zheng S, Chen B, Qiu X, Chen M, Ma Z, Yu X. Distribution and risk assessment of 82 pesticides in Jiulong River and estuary in South China. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:1177-92. [PMID: 26461443 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To discover the distribution and risk of pesticides in Jiulong River and estuary, the residues of 102 pesticides were analyzed in water, sediment and clam samples collected from 35 sites in different seasons. A total number of 82 pesticides were detected and the occurrence and the risk to human and fish were assessed. Most of pesticides with high frequency were medium or low toxic except for DDTs. DDTs were the significant contaminant and the widely used dicofol was the new source of DDTs. The spatial and seasonal variation of pesticide distribution was linked with the distribution of orchards and farmlands. Health risk from river water consumption was low (RQ < 0.1) while that from clam consumption was medium (RQ = 0.84). Pesticides in water posed great risk to fish and among the 76 water samples analyzed, 65 of them showed high risk (RQ > 1) and 6 showed medium risk (0.1 ≤ QR < 1). The single chemical posed high risk to fish included DDTs, triazophos, fenvalerate, bifenthrin and cyfluthrin, and those showed medium risk included dicofol, butachlor, isocarbophos, terbufos and cyhalothrin. There were 14 single pesticides detected with concentration above 100 ng L(-1) in this study and the pesticide with the highest concentration was procymidone (3904 ng L(-1)). Further experiments illustrated that procymidone could disrupt the expression of vitellogenin in the estuarine fish even at environmental concentrations. DDTs, dicofol, triazophos, isocarbophos, terbufos, cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, fenvalerate, cyhalothrin, butachlor and procymidone have become the significant pesticides and should be considered in aquatic ecosystem risk management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senllin Zheng
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Bin Chen
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Meng Chen
- College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, 182 Siming South Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xingguang Yu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
de Lapuente J, Lourenço J, Mendo SA, Borràs M, Martins MG, Costa PM, Pacheco M. The Comet Assay and its applications in the field of ecotoxicology: a mature tool that continues to expand its perspectives. Front Genet 2015; 6:180. [PMID: 26089833 PMCID: PMC4454841 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Since Singh and colleagues, in 1988, launched to the scientific community the alkaline Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE) protocol, or Comet Assay, its uses and applications has been increasing. The thematic areas of its current employment in the evaluation of genetic toxicity are vast, either in vitro or in vivo, both in the laboratory and in the environment, terrestrial or aquatic. It has been applied to a wide range of experimental models: bacteria, fungi, cells culture, arthropods, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and humans. This document is intended to be a comprehensive review of what has been published to date on the field of ecotoxicology, aiming at the following main aspects: (i) to show the most relevant experimental models used as bioindicators both in the laboratory and in the field. Fishes are clearly the most adopted group, reflecting their popularity as bioindicator models, as well as a primary concern over the aquatic environment health. Amphibians are among the most sensitive organisms to environmental changes, mainly due to an early aquatic-dependent development stage and a highly permeable skin. Moreover, in the terrestrial approach, earthworms, plants or mammalians are excellent organisms to be used as experimental models for genotoxic evaluation of pollutants, complex mix of pollutants and chemicals, in both laboratory and natural environment. (ii) To review the development and modifications of the protocols used and the cell types (or tissues) used. The most recent developments concern the adoption of the enzyme linked assay (digestion with lesion-specific repair endonucleases) and prediction of the ability to repair of oxidative DNA damage, which is becoming a widespread approach, albeit challenging. For practical/technical reasons, blood is the most common choice but tissues/cells like gills, sperm cells, early larval stages, coelomocytes, liver or kidney have been also used. (iii) To highlight correlations with other biomarkers. (iv) To build a constructive criticism and summarize the needs for protocol improvements for future test applications within the field of ecotoxicology. The Comet Assay is still developing and its potential is yet underexploited in experimental models, mesocosmos or natural ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín de Lapuente
- Unit of Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology (UTOX-CERETOX), Barcelona Science ParkBarcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Lourenço
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago. Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia A. Mendo
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago. Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Miquel Borràs
- Unit of Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology (UTOX-CERETOX), Barcelona Science ParkBarcelona, Spain
| | - Marta G. Martins
- Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de LisboaCaparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro M. Costa
- Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de LisboaCaparica, Portugal
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago. Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gonçalves MW, Vieira TB, Maciel NM, Carvalho WF, Lima LSF, Gambale PG, da Cruz AD, Nomura F, Bastos RP, Silva DM. Detecting genomic damages in the frog Dendropsophus minutus: preserved versus perturbed areas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:3947-3954. [PMID: 25300186 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to use the comet assay (single-cell gel electrophoresis) and micronucleus test to assess the extent of genomic damage in the whole blood of Dendropsophus minutus from agroecosystems with great use of agrochemicals and to compare the results to those obtained from animals living in unpolluted areas. Our results indicated that specimens of D. minutus collected in perturbed areas exhibited higher amounts of DNA damage in blood cells in comparison to animals from areas free of agricultural activities. The average and standard deviation of all comet assay parameters (tail length, percentage of DNA in the tail, and olive tail moment) and micronuclei frequency were significantly higher in specimens collected in perturbed areas than in the animals from preserved areas. Our study showed that animals from perturbed areas, such as agroecosystems, tend to have higher amounts of DNA damage than animals from reference areas. Moreover, we can conclude that D. minutus tadpoles could be included as a model organism in biomonitoring studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M W Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Genética e Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shaffer HB, Gidiş M, McCartney-Melstad E, Neal KM, Oyamaguchi HM, Tellez M, Toffelmier EM. Conservation genetics and genomics of amphibians and reptiles. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2015; 3:113-38. [PMID: 25580719 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-110920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Amphibians and reptiles as a group are often secretive, reach their greatest diversity often in remote tropical regions, and contain some of the most endangered groups of organisms on earth. Particularly in the past decade, genetics and genomics have been instrumental in the conservation biology of these cryptic vertebrates, enabling work ranging from the identification of populations subject to trade and exploitation, to the identification of cryptic lineages harboring critical genetic variation, to the analysis of genes controlling key life history traits. In this review, we highlight some of the most important ways that genetic analyses have brought new insights to the conservation of amphibians and reptiles. Although genomics has only recently emerged as part of this conservation tool kit, several large-scale data sources, including full genomes, expressed sequence tags, and transcriptomes, are providing new opportunities to identify key genes, quantify landscape effects, and manage captive breeding stocks of at-risk species.
Collapse
|
31
|
Li CB, Li XH, Wang Z, Jiang CH, Peng A. Serum paraquat concentration detected by spectrophotometry in patients with paraquat poisoning. World J Emerg Med 2014; 2:179-84. [PMID: 25215006 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraquat (PQ) is a world-wide used herbicide and also a type of common poison for suicide and accidental poisoning. Numerous studies have proved that the concentration of serum PQ plays an important role in prognosis. Spectrophotometry, including common spectrophotometry and second-derivative spectrophotometry, is commonly used for PQ detection in primary hospitals. So far, lack of systematic research on the reliability of the method and the correlation between clinical features of patients with PQ poisoning and the test results has restricted the clinical use of spectrophotometry. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and value of spectrophotometry in detecting the concentration of serum PQ. METHODS The wavelengths for detecting the concentration of serum PQ by common and second-derivative spectrophotometry were determined. Second-derivative spectrophotometry was applied to detect the concentration of serum PQ. The linear range and precision for detection of PQ concentration by this method were confirmed. The concentration of serum PQ shown by second-derivative spectrophotometry and HPLC were compared in 8 patients with PQ poisoning. Altogether 21 patients with acute poisoning 4 hours after PQ ingestion treated in the period of October 2008 to September 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into higher and lower than 1.8 μg/mL groups based on their concentrations of serum PQ measured by second-derivative spectrophotometry on admission. The severity of clinical manifestations between the two groups were analyzed with Student's t test or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS The absorption peak of 257 nm could not be found when common spectrophotometry was used to detect the PQ concentration in serum. The calibration curve in the 0.4-8.0 μg/mL range for PQ concentration shown by second-derivative spectrophotometry obeyed Beer's law with r=0.996. The average recovery rates of PQ were within a range of 95.0% to 99.5%, relative standard deviation (RSD) was within 1.35% to 5.41% (n=6), and the lower detection limit was 0.05 μg/mL. The PQ concentrations in serum of 8 patients with PQ poisoning shown by second-derivative spectrophotometry were consistent with the quantitative determinations by HPLC (r=0.995, P<0.0001). The survival rate was 22.2% in patients whose PQ concentration in serum was more than 1.8 μg/mL, and the incidences of acidosis, oliguria and pneumomediastinum in these patients were 55.6%, 55.6% and 77.8%, respectively. These clinical manifestations were different significantly from those of the patients whose PQ concentration in serum was less than 1.8 μg/mL (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS For common spectrophotometry, the wavelength at 257 nm was not suitable for detecting serum PQ as no absorbance was shown. Second-derivative spectrophotometry was reliable for detecting serum paraquat concentration. Serum PQ concentration detected by second-derivative spectrophotometry could be used to predict the severity of clinical manifestations of patients with PQ poisoning, and PQ content higher than 1.8 μg/mL 4 hours after ingestion could be an important predictive factor for poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Bin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China (Li CB, Li XH, Wang Z, Peng A); Tongji Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China (Jiang CH)
| | - Xin-Hua Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China (Li CB, Li XH, Wang Z, Peng A); Tongji Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China (Jiang CH)
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China (Li CB, Li XH, Wang Z, Peng A); Tongji Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China (Jiang CH)
| | - Cheng-Hua Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China (Li CB, Li XH, Wang Z, Peng A); Tongji Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China (Jiang CH)
| | - Ai Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China (Li CB, Li XH, Wang Z, Peng A); Tongji Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China (Jiang CH)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lajmanovich RC, Cabagna-Zenklusen MC, Attademo AM, Junges CM, Peltzer PM, Bassó A, Lorenzatti E. Induction of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in tadpoles of the common toad (Rhinella arenarum) treated with the herbicides Liberty® and glufosinate-ammonium. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 769:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
33
|
Kumar A, De T, Mishra A, Mishra AK. Oleandrin: A cardiac glycosides with potent cytotoxicity. Pharmacogn Rev 2014; 7:131-9. [PMID: 24347921 PMCID: PMC3841991 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.120512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides are used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and arrhythmia. Current trend shows use of some cardiac glycosides in the treatment of proliferative diseases, which includes cancer. Nerium oleander L. is an important Chinese folk medicine having well proven cardio protective and cytotoxic effect. Oleandrin (a toxic cardiac glycoside of N. oleander L.) inhibits the activity of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B chain (NF-κB) in various cultured cell lines (U937, CaOV3, human epithelial cells and T cells) as well as it induces programmed cell death in PC3 cell line culture. The mechanism of action includes improved cellular export of fibroblast growth factor-2, induction of apoptosis through Fas gene expression in tumor cells, formation of superoxide radicals that cause tumor cell injury through mitochondrial disruption, inhibition of interleukin-8 that mediates tumorigenesis and induction of tumor cell autophagy. The present review focuses the applicability of oleandrin in cancer treatment and concerned future perspective in the area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Central Facility of Instrumentation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Lodhipur, Rajput, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tanmoy De
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Central Facility of Instrumentation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Lodhipur, Rajput, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amrita Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Central Facility of Instrumentation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Lodhipur, Rajput, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun K Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Central Facility of Instrumentation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Lodhipur, Rajput, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Muangphra P, Kwankua W, Gooneratne R. Genotoxic effects of glyphosate or paraquat on earthworm coelomocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:612-20. [PMID: 22644885 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The potential genotoxicity (nuclear anomalies, damage to single-strand DNA) and pinocytic adherence activity of two (glyphosate-based and paraquat-based) commercial herbicides to earthworm coelomocytes (immune cells in the coelomic cavity) were assessed. Coelomocytes were extracted from earthworms (Pheretima peguana) exposed to concentrations
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ptumporn Muangphra
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Caliani I, Campani T, Giannetti M, Marsili L, Casini S, Fossi MC. First application of comet assay in blood cells of Mediterranean loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 96:68-72. [PMID: 24112743 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to validate the comet assay in erythrocytes of Caretta caretta, a species never investigated for genotoxicity. We studied 31 loggerhead sea turtles from three Italian marine rescue centres. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all the animals and the comet assay applied. All comet cells were analysed using two methods: visual scoring and computer image analysis. The % DNA in tail mean value ± SD and Damage Index were 21.56 ± 15.41 and 134.83 ± 94.12, respectively. A strong and statistically significant statistically correlation between the two analytical methods was observed (r = 0.95; p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that the comet assay is a useful method to detect the possible effects of genotoxic agents in loggerhead sea turtle and to increase the knowledge about the ecotoxicological health status of this threatened species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Caliani
- Department of Environment, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Campani
- Department of Environment, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Giannetti
- Department of Environment, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Letizia Marsili
- Department of Environment, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Casini
- Department of Environment, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Environment, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yin X, Jiang S, Yu J, Zhu G, Wu H, Mao C. Effects of spirotetramat on the acute toxicity, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation in Chinese toad (Bufo bufo gargarizans) tadpoles. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:1229-1235. [PMID: 24835551 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential effects of antioxidant and lipid peroxidation parameters as indicators of exposure to spirotetramat and effects of acute toxicity in the Chinese toad Bufo bufo gargarizans. The results of an acute toxicity test showed that the 72 and 96 h median lethal concentrations (LC(50)) of spirotetramat for tadpoles were 6.98 and 6.45 mg/L, respectively. It indicated that the spirotetramat was moderate toxicity to Chinese toad tadpoles. In a sub-lethal toxicity test, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were determined after exposure to 0.03, 0.06, 0.13, 0.65, and 3.23 mg/L for 4, 15, and 30 days. SOD activity significantly in all experimental groups except the highest concentration group increased on day 4 but decreased on days 15 compared with that of the acetone control (P < 0.05). The most sensitive parameters was GSH-Px activity, which significantly increased on day 4, but was inhibited and decreased after prolonged exposure for 15 and 30 days except the lowest concentration treatment group (P < 0.05). The MDA content significantly decreased on day 30 (P < 0.05). During the entire experimental period, sub-lethal doses spirotetramat caused oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in B. gargarizans tadpoles. These results indicate that sub-lethal even non-lethal spirotetramat are potentially toxic to amphibians. The information presented in this study will be helpful for understanding oxidative stress induced by spirotetramat in aquatic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- XiaoHui Yin
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, HangZhou 311300, China
| | - ShengJu Jiang
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, HangZhou 311300, China
| | - Jun Yu
- College of Civil and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, HangZhou 311003, China
| | - GuoNian Zhu
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, HangZhou 311300, China
| | - HuiMing Wu
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, HangZhou 311300, China.
| | - ChenLei Mao
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, HangZhou 311300, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ismail M, Khan QM, Ali R, Ali T, Mobeen A. Genotoxicity of chlorpyrifos in freshwater fishLabeo rohitausing Alkaline Single-Cell Gel Electrophoresis (Comet) assay. Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 37:466-71. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2014.887093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
38
|
Ismail M, Khan QM, Ali R, Ali T, Mobeen A. Evaluation of the Genotoxicity of Chlorpyrifos in Common Indus Valley Toad, <i>Bufo stomaticus</i> Using Alkaline Single-Cell Gel Electrophoresis (Comet) Assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/as.2014.54039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
39
|
Yadav SS, Giri S, Singha U, Boro F, Giri A. Toxic and genotoxic effects of Roundup on tadpoles of the Indian skittering frog (Euflictis cyanophlyctis) in the presence and absence of predator stress. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 132-133:1-8. [PMID: 23454306 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate, a post emergent herbicide, has become the backbone of no-till agriculture and is considered safe for animals. However, the impact of glyphosate on non-target organisms, especially on amphibians, is the subject of major concern and debate in recent times. We examined the toxic and genotoxic effects of Roundup, a commercial formulation of glyphosate, in the tadpoles of the Indian skittering frog (Euflictis cyanophlyctis). Roundup at different concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8mg acid equivalent (ae)/L), tested in a 2×6 factorial design in the presence and absence of predator stress, induced concentration-dependent lethality in tadpoles. The 96-h LC50 for Roundup in the absence and presence of predator stress were 3.76mgae/L and 3.39mgae/L, respectively. The 10-day LC50 value for Roundup was significantly lower, 2.12mgae/L and 1.91mgae/L in the absence and presence of predator stress, respectively. Lower concentrations of Roundup (1, 2 and 3mgae/L) induced the formation of micronuclei (MN) in the erythrocytes of tadpoles at 24-h (F3,56=10.286, p<0.001), 48-h (F3,56=48.255, p<0.001), 72-h (F3,56=118.933, p<0.001) and 96-h (F3,56=85.414, p<0.001) in a concentration-dependent manner. Presence of predator stress apparently increased the toxicity and genotoxicity of Roundup; but these effects were not statistically significant. These findings suggest that Roundup at environmentally relevant concentrations has lethal and genotoxic impact on E. cyanophlyctis; which may have long-term fitness consequence to the species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushama Singh Yadav
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Schaumburg LG, Poletta GL, Siroski PA, Mudry MD. Baseline values of micronuclei and comet assay in the lizard Tupinambis merianae (Teiidae, Squamata). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 84:99-103. [PMID: 22902164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Micronucleus test (MN) and Comet assay (CA) are currently the most widely used methods that allow the characterization of DNA damage induced by physical and chemical agents in wild species. The continuous expansion of the cultivated areas in Argentina, since the introduction of transgenic crops, mainly soy, in association with the increased use of pesticides, transformed deeply the natural environments where the lizard Tupinambis merianae (tegu lizard) occurs. Despite the fact that reptiles have shown to be excellent bioindicators of environmental contaminants, there is no record of genotoxicity studies in T. merianae. The aim of the present study was to adjust the MN test and CA protocols to be applied in erythrocytes of T. merianae, and determine the baseline values of DNA damage in this species. We used 20 adult lizards (10 males: 10 females) from Estación Zoológica Experimental "Granja La Esmeralda" (Santa Fe, Argentina). Peripheral blood samples were collected from all animals and the MN test and CA applied according to the protocols established for other reptilian species. We test critical parameters of CA protocol (cell density, unwinding and electrophoresis times) using increasing concentrations of H2O2 (10, 25 and 50 μM) as a known genotoxic agent to induce DNA damage. Based on this, we determined the most suitable conditions for the CA in this species: a cell density of 4×10(3) erythrocytes per slide, 10 min of unwinding and 15 min of electrophoresis at 0.90 V/cm approximately. The baseline frequency of micronuclei (BFMN=MN/1000 erythrocytes counted) determined for this species was 0.95±0.27 and the basal damage index (BDI: calculated from 100 comet images classified in arbitrary units)=103.85±0.97. No differences were observed between sexes in the BFMN or BDI (p>0.05), and no relation was found between baseline values and length or weight of the analyzed animals (p>0.05). These results demonstrated the sensitivity of both biomarkers of genotoxicity to be applied in erythrocytes of this species, with baseline values comparable to those reported in other reptilian species. These results allow us to propose the tegu lizard for future in vivo studies to assess the genotoxicity of different agents, including those possibly affecting it in its natural geographic distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura G Schaumburg
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología Evolutiva (GIBE), IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Labs. 43-46, Piso 4, FCEyN, Pabellón II, Cdad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, CP: 1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fryday S, Thompson H. Toxicity of pesticides to aquatic and terrestrial life stages of amphibians and occurrence, habitat use and exposure of amphibian species in agricultural environments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2012.en-343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
42
|
Butachlor induced dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative DNA damage and necrosis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Toxicology 2012; 302:77-87. [PMID: 22884430 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Butachlor is a systemic herbicide widely applied on rice, tea, wheat, beans and other crops; however, it concurrently exerts toxic effects on beneficial organisms like earthworms, aquatic invertebrates and other non-target animals including humans. Owing to the associated risk to humans, this chloroacetanilide class of herbicide was investigated with the aim to assess its potential for the (i) interaction with DNA, (ii) mitochondria membrane damage and DNA strand breaks and (iii) cell cycle arrest and necrosis in butachlor treated human peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMN) cells. Fluorescence quenching data revealed the binding constant (Ka=1.2×10(4)M(-1)) and binding capacity (n=1.02) of butachlor with ctDNA. The oxidative potential of butachlor was ascertained based on its capacity of inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and substantial amounts of promutagenic 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) adducts in DNA. Also, the discernible butachlor dose-dependent reduction in fluorescence intensity of a cationic dye rhodamine (Rh-123) and increased fluorescence intensity of 2',7'-dichlorodihydro fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) in treated cells signifies decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) due to intracellular ROS generation. The comet data revealed significantly greater Olive tail moment (OTM) values in butachlor treated PBMN cells vs untreated and DMSO controls. Treatment of cultured PBMN cells for 24h resulted in significantly increased number of binucleated micronucleated (BNMN) cells with a dose dependent reduction in the nuclear division index (NDI). The flow cytometry analysis of annexin V(-)/7-AAD(+) stained cells demonstrated substantial reduction in live population due to complete loss of cell membrane integrity. Overall the data suggested the formation of butachlor-DNA complex, as an initiating event in butachlor-induced DNA damage. The results elucidated the oxidative role of butachlor in intracellular ROS production, and consequent mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative DNA damage, and chromosomal breakage, which eventually triggers necrosis in human PBMN cells.
Collapse
|
43
|
Giri A, Yadav SS, Giri S, Sharma GD. Effect of predator stress and malathion on tadpoles of Indian skittering frog. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 106-107:157-163. [PMID: 22172542 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The impact of pesticides on amphibians is of particular concern because their populations appear to be declining on a global scale. We examined the toxic and genotoxic effects of malathion, a commonly used organophosphorus pesticide, in the larvae of Indian skittering frog (Euflictis cyanophlyctis). The different concentrations of malathion (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0mg/L) tested in a 2×6 factorial design, induced concentration-dependent lethality in tadpoles in the presence and absence of predator cues. The 96 h LC50 for malathion in the presence and absence of predator stress were 3.523 mg/L and 3.588 mg/L, respectively. The 15-day LC50 value for malathion was estimated to be 2.452 mg/L. Lower concentrations of malathion extending into the sublethal range (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L) induced micronuclei (MN) in the erythrocytes of tadpoles at 24 h (F₃,₅₆=70.291, p<0.001), 48 h (F₃,₅₆=78.423, p<0.001), 72 h (F₃,₅₆=88.817, p<0.001) and 96 h (F₃,₅₆=64.770, p<0.001) in a concentration-dependent manner. Predator stress significantly enhanced the MN frequency at 48 h following 1.0mg/L malathion treatment (p<0.001). The present report is the first one to analyze genotoxic effect of malathion in the presence of predator stress. These results suggest that predator stress may potentiate the genotoxic effect of lower concentrations of malathion in E. cyanophlyctis tadpoles. These effects may have long-term fitness consequence to the population as a whole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirudha Giri
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Valencia LC, García A, Ramírez-Pinilla MP, Fuentes JL. Estimates of DNA damage by the comet assay in the direct-developing frog Eleutherodactylus johnstonei (Anura, Eleutherodactylidae). Genet Mol Biol 2011; 34:681-8. [PMID: 22215974 PMCID: PMC3229125 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572011005000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to use the Comet assay to assess genetic damage in the direct-developing frog Eleutherodactylus johnstonei. A DNA diffusion assay was used to evaluate the effectiveness of alkaline, enzymatic and alkaline/enzymatic treatments for lysing E. johnstonei blood cells and to determine the amount of DNA strand breakage associated with apoptosis and necrosis. Cell sensitivity to the mutagens bleomycin (BLM) and 4-nitro-quinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) was also assessed using the Comet assay, as was the assay reproducibility. Alkaline treatment did not lyse the cytoplasmic and nuclear membranes of E. johnstonei blood cells, whereas enzymatic digestion with proteinase K (40 μg/mL) yielded naked nuclei. The contribution of apoptosis and necrosis (assessed by the DNA diffusion assay) to DNA damage was estimated to range from 0% to 8%. BLM and 4NQO induced DNA damage in E. johnstonei blood cells at different concentrations and exposure times. Dose-effect curves with both mutagens were highly reproducible and showed consistently low coefficients of variation (CV ≤ 10%). The results are discussed with regard to the potential use of the modified Comet assay for assessing the exposure of E. johnstonei to herbicides in ecotoxicological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carolina Valencia
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Liu WY, Wang CY, Wang TS, Fellers GM, Lai BC, Kam YC. Impacts of the herbicide butachlor on the larvae of a paddy field breeding frog (Fejervarya limnocharis) in subtropical Taiwan. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2011; 20:377-384. [PMID: 21210217 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-010-0589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Butachlor is the most commonly used herbicide on paddy fields in Taiwan and throughout Southeast Asia. Since paddy fields provide habitat for pond breeding amphibians, we examined growth, development, time to metamorphosis, and survival of alpine cricket frog tadpoles (Fejervarya limnocharis) exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of butachlor. We documented negative impacts of butachlor on survival, development, and time to metamorphosis, but not on tadpole growth. The 96 h LC(50) for tadpoles was 0.87 mg/l, much lower than the 4.8 mg/l recommended dosage for application to paddy fields. Even given the rapid breakdown of butachlor, tadpoles would be exposed to concentrations in excess of their 96 h LC(50) for an estimated 126 h. We also documented DNA damage (genotoxicity) in tadpoles exposed to butachlor at concentrations an order of magnitude less than the 4.8 mg/l recommended application rate. We did not find that butachlor depressed cholinesterase activity of tadpoles, unlike most organophosphorus insecticides. We conclude that butachlor is likely to have widespread negative impacts on amphibians occupying paddy fields with traditional herbicide application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yi Liu
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Park JH, Park E. Influence of iron-overload on DNA damage and its repair in human leukocytes in vitro. Mutat Res 2010; 718:56-61. [PMID: 20974287 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an important element that modulates the production of reactive oxygen species, which are thought to play a causative role in biological processes such as mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. The potential genotoxicity of dietary iron has been seldom studied in human leukocyte and only few reports have investigated in human colon tumor cells. Therefore, DNA damage and repair capacity of human leukocytes were examined using comet assay for screening the potential toxicity of various iron-overloads such as ferric-nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA), FeSO(4), hemoglobin and myoglobin, and compared with 200μM of H(2)O(2) and HNE. The iron-overloads tested were not cytotoxic in the range of 10-1000 microM by trypan blue exclusion assay. The exposure of leukocytes to Fe-NTA (500 and 1000 microM), FeSO(4) (250-1000 microM), hemoglobin (10 microM) and myoglobin (250 microM) for 30 min induced significantly higher DNA damage than NC. Treatment with 500 and 1000 microM of Fe-NTA showed a similar genotoxic effect to H(2)O(2), and a significant higher genotoxic effect than HNE. The genotoxicity of FeSO(4) (250-1000 microM), hemoglobin (10 microM) and myoglobin (250 microM) was not significantly different from that of H(2)O(2) and HNE. Iron-overloads generated DNA strand break were rejoined from the first 1h. Their genotoxic effect was not observed at 24h. These data from this study provide additional information on the genotoxicity of iron-overloads and self-repair capacity in human leukocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hee Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, 449 Wolyoung-dong, Masanhappo-gu, Changwon-si, 631-701 Masan, South Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li X, Li S, Liu S, Zhu G. Lethal effect and in vivo genotoxicity of profenofos to Chinese native amphibian (Rana spinosa) tadpoles. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 59:478-483. [PMID: 20333372 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-010-9495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Amphibian populations are decreasing in size due to environmental stressors in most areas of southern China. Pesticides are known to be a group of potential stressors to amphibians, especially in agricultural ecosystems. Profenofos, an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide, is widely used for controlling insect pests in China. The aim of this study is to evaluate the acute lethality and genotoxicity of profenofos to amphibian under controlled conditions. Results showed that profenofos was highly lethal to tadpoles of Rana spinosa, with 50% lethal concentration (LC(50)) values of 1.59, 1.14, 0.77, and 0.58 mg l(-1) at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, respectively. DNA damage of erythrocytes was observed by alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis assay at all tested sublethal concentrations. The study also showed, by micronucleus test, that profenofos at moderate to high sublethal concentration might have genotoxicity to the tadpole after 96 h exposure. Furthermore, based on our results, it is suggested that the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis assay could be used as a screening tool for biomonitoring of pesticide contamination in aquatic systems or agricultural ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Crabbe RA, Hill KA. Heart tissue of harlequin (hq)/Big Blue mice has elevated reactive oxygen species without significant impact on the frequency and nature of point mutations in nuclear DNA. Mutat Res 2010; 691:64-71. [PMID: 20541563 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Age is a major risk factor for heart disease, and cardiac aging is characterized by elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) with compromised mitochondrial and nuclear DNA integrity. To assess links between increased ROS levels and mutations, we examined in situ levels of ROS and cII mutation frequency, pattern and spectrum in the heart of harlequin (hq)/Big Blue mice. The hq mouse is a model of premature aging with mitochondrial dysfunction and increased risk of oxidative stress-induced heart disease with the means for in vivo mutation detection. The hq mutation produces a significant downregulation in the X-linked apoptosis-inducing factor gene (Aif) impairing both the antioxidant and oxidative phosphorylation functions of AIF. Brain and skin of hq disease mice have elevated frequencies of point mutations in nuclear DNA and histopathology characterized by cell loss. Reports of associated elevations in ROS in brain and skin have mixed results. Herein, heart in situ ROS levels were elevated in hq disease compared to AIF-proficient mice (p<0.0001) yet, mutation frequency and pattern were similar in hq disease, hq carrier and AIF-proficient mice. Heart cII mutations were also assessed 15 days following an acute exposure to an exogenous ROS inducer (10 mg paraquat/kg). Acute paraquat exposure with a short mutant manifestation period was insufficient to elevate mutation frequency or alter mutation pattern in the post-mitotic heart tissue of AIF-proficient mice. Paraquat induction of ROS requires mitochondrial complex I and thus is likely compromised in hq mice. Results of this preliminary survey and the context of recent literature suggest that determining causal links between AIF deficiency and the premature aging phenotypes of specific tissues is better addressed with assay of mitochondrial ROS and large-scale changes in mitochondrial DNA in specific cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rory A Crabbe
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cunha-Filho GA, Resck IS, Cavalcanti BC, Pessoa CÓ, Moraes MO, Ferreira JR, Rodrigues FA, dos Santos ML. Cytotoxic profile of natural and some modified bufadienolides from toad Rhinella schneideri parotoid gland secretion. Toxicon 2010; 56:339-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 03/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
50
|
Nwani C, Lakra W, Nagpure N, Kumar R, Kushwaha B, Srivastava S. Mutagenic and genotoxic effects of carbosulfan in freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) using micronucleus assay and alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:202-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|