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Jeong B, An J, Nam K. Derivation of ecotoxicologically acceptable Cu concentrations in soil from different land uses in South Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 360:124670. [PMID: 39103037 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish ecotoxicologically acceptable Cu concentrations for soil-residing species by integrating the biotic ligand model and the species sensitivity distribution. Statistical analyses were performed on 35 soil solution samples collected from four distinct land use sites: residential, agricultural, forested, and industrial regions. The environmental parameters of these samples, including pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), Ca2⁺, Mg2⁺, K⁺, and Na⁺ concentrations, exhibited wide variations across the four regions. Specifically, pH and the concentrations of Mg2⁺, K⁺, and Na⁺ showed significant variability. Additionally, a strong correlation was observed between pH and Ca2⁺, as well as between the DOC concentration and Mg2⁺ and Na⁺. Using the biotic ligand model, we derived the half-maximal effective activities of Cu (EC50{Cu2+}) for 10 soil organisms based on the chemical compositions of the soil solution samples. Additionally, a species sensitivity distribution approach was employed to determine the 5% hazardous concentration (HC5) for soil biota, which was closely associated with DOC and Na⁺ concentrations, with Mg2⁺ playing a secondary role. We attributed these relationships to the formation of DOC complexes that mitigate Cu toxicity, along with competitive interactions with cations. Notably, HC5 values did not differ significantly across sampling sites (p = 0.523). Clustering based on environmental factors grouped the samples into four clusters, each containing soils from different land use types. However, the third cluster included an outlier from agricultural soil due to its unusually high pH and DOC levels. These findings suggest that it is crucial to consider site-specific soil characteristics when determining ecotoxicologically acceptable Cu concentrations, and soil solution characteristics do not always align with specific land use patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Jeong
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsung An
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoungphile Nam
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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2
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Dubrovina TA, Zhikharev AP, Dovletyarova EA, Brykova RA, Yáñez C, Neaman A. Zinc shields against copper phytotoxicity in a contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141861. [PMID: 38556180 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
While zinc protects plants from copper in hydroponics, its behavior in soil remains unclear. We investigated the potential of zinc sulfate to protect ryegrass from copper toxicity in contaminated soil. Twelve soil treatments combined varying levels of copper oxide (CuO) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4). Increasing CuO significantly stunted ryegrass, but adding ZnSO4 mitigated the effects at each CuO level. ZnSO4 had no effect in unpolluted conditions. These results, supported by the Terrestrial Biotic Ligand Model, indicate that zinc competes with copper for binding sites, reducing copper uptake by ryegrass and mitigating its toxicity. Application of zinc sulfate to copper-contaminated soils appears promising for ryegrass growth, although field studies are critical to confirm real-world efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Dubrovina
- Department of Landscape Design and Sustainable Ecosystems, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander P Zhikharev
- Department of Landscape Design and Sustainable Ecosystems, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Elvira A Dovletyarova
- Department of Landscape Design and Sustainable Ecosystems, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| | | | - Carolina Yáñez
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alexander Neaman
- Departamento de Recursos Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile.
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3
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Li M, Song N, Song X, Liu J, Su B, Chen X, Guo X, Li M, Zong Q. Investigating and modeling the toxicity of arsenate on wheat root elongation: Assessing the effects of pH, sulfate and phosphate. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 239:113633. [PMID: 35598446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Excessive arsenic in soil and groundwater will not only seriously affect the growth of plants, but also endanger human health through the food chain. However, there are few studies on the effects of metalloid speciation and anion competition on the toxicity of arsenate [As(Ⅴ)]. To investigate the effects of accompanying anions and pH on the toxicity of As(Ⅴ) on wheat root elongation, wheat roots were exposed to the concentrations of As(Ⅴ) in the solution ranged from 0 to 500 mM and different levels of pH (4.5-8.0) and different accompanying anions (H2PO4-, SO42-, NO3- and Cl-) for five days. The root length of wheat was measured and the biotic ligand model (BLM) was developed to predict the potential toxicity of As(V) speciation to wheat roots. The results illustrated that EC50 of total As(V) (EC50{As(Ⅴ)T}) values increased from 6.88 to 33.9 μM with increasing pH values from 4.5 to 8.0, suggesting that increasing pH alleviated As(Ⅴ) toxicity. The EC50{AsO43-} and EC50{HAsO42-} values increased from 0.001 to 4342 μM and from 0.0214 to 27.4 μM, respectively, while the EC50{H2AsO4-} and EC50{H3AsO4} values sharply decreased from 6.62 to 2.68 μM and from 41.8 μM to 5.34 nm, respectively, when pH increased from 4.5 to 8.0. The toxicity of As(Ⅴ) decreased as the H2PO4- and SO42- activities increased but not when the activities of NO3- and Cl- increased, indicating that SO42- and H2PO4- showed competitive effects with As(Ⅴ) on the binding sites. Based on BLM theory, the stability constants were obtained: [Formula: see text] = 3.70; [Formula: see text] = 4.08; [Formula: see text] = 4.77; [Formula: see text] = 6.50; [Formula: see text] = 2.09 and [Formula: see text] = 1.86, with fAsBL50%= 0.30 and β = 1.73. Results implied that BLM performed well in As(Ⅴ) toxicity prediction when coupling toxic species AsO43-, HAsO42-, H2AsO4-, and H3AsO4, and the competition of SO42- and H2PO4- for binding sites. The current study provides a useful tool to accurately predict As(V) toxicity to wheat roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Li
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment/School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ningning Song
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment/School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xin Song
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment/School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment/School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Baokun Su
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment/School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment/School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiaohong Guo
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Meng Li
- Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001, China
| | - Quanli Zong
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment/School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Chen XF, Hua D, Zheng ZC, Zhang J, Huang WT, Chen HH, Huang ZR, Yang LT, Ye X, Chen LS. Boron-mediated amelioration of copper-toxicity in sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Xuegan] seedlings involved reduced damage to roots and improved nutrition and water status. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 234:113423. [PMID: 35307619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
'Xuegan' (Citrus sinensis) seedlings were fertilized 6 times weekly for 24 weeks with 0.5 or 350 μM CuCl2 and 2.5, 10 or 25 μM H3BO3. Cu-toxicity increased Cu uptake per plant (UPP) and Cu concentrations in leaves, stems and roots, decreased water uptake and phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulfur, boron and iron UPP, and increased the ratios of magnesium, potassium, calcium and sulfur UPP to phosphorus UPP and the ratios of leaf magnesium, potassium and calcium concentrations to leaf phosphorus concentration. Many decaying and dead fibrous roots occurred in Cu-toxic seedlings. Cu-toxicity-induced alterations of these parameters and root damage decreased with the increase of boron supply. These results demonstrated that B supplementation lowered Cu uptake and its concentrations in leaves, stems and roots and subsequently alleviated Cu-toxicity-induced damage to root growth and function, thus improving plant nutrient (decreased Cu uptake and efficient maintenance of the other nutrient homeostasis and balance) and water status. Further analysis indicated that the improved nutrition and water status contributed to the boron-mediated amelioration of Cu-toxicity-induced inhibition of seedlings, decline of leaf pigments, large reduction of leaf CO2 assimilation and impairment of leaf photosynthetic electron transport chain revealed by greatly altered chlorophyll a fluorescence (OJIP) transients, reduced maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry (Fv/Fm), quantum yield for electron transport (ETo/ABS) and total performance index (PIabs,total), and elevated dissipated energy per reaction center (DIo/RC). To conclude, our findings corroborate the hypothesis that B-mediated amelioration of Cu-toxicity involved reduced damage to roots and improved nutrient and water status. Principal component analysis showed that Cu-toxicity-induced changes of above physiological parameters generally decreased with the increase of B supply and that B supply-induced alterations of above physiological parameters was greater in 350 μM Cu-treated than in 0.5 μM Cu-treated seedlings. B and Cu had a significant interactive influence on C. sinensis seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Feng Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dan Hua
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wei-Tao Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Huan-Huan Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zeng-Rong Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xin Ye
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Potential Use of Copper-Contaminated Soils for Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Cultivation. ENVIRONMENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/environments8110111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To mitigate climate change, reducing greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved by decreasing the use of fossil fuels and increasing that of alternative sources, such as energy crops. However, one of the most important problems in the use of biomass as a fuel is that of changing soil use and consumption, leading to competition with food crops. We addressed the topic by evaluating the possibility to exploit contaminated areas for energy crops cultivation. Indeed, soil contamination makes land inappropriate for cultivation, with damaging consequences for ecosystems, as well as posing serious health hazards to living beings. Specifically, this work aimed to evaluate the ability of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plants to grow on a copper (Cu)-contaminated medium. In addition, the effectiveness of an environment-friendly treatment with sulfate in improving plant ability to cope with Cu-induced oxidative stress was also explored. Results showed that plants were able to grow at high Cu concentrations. Therefore, hemp could represent an interesting energy crop in Cu-contaminated soils. Although the response of Cu-treated plants was evidenced by the increase in thiol content, following modulation of sulfur metabolism, it remains to be clarified whether the use of exogenous sulfate could be an agronomic practice to improve crop performance under these edaphic conditions.
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Juang KW, Lo YJ, Chen BC. Modeling Alleviative Effects of Ca, Mg, and K on Cu-Induced Oxidative Stress in Grapevine Roots Grown Hydroponically. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175356. [PMID: 34500790 PMCID: PMC8434496 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of alleviation effects of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K) on copper (Cu)-induced oxidative toxicity in grapevine roots. Root growth, Cu and cation accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and antioxidant activities were examined in grapevine roots grown in nutrient solutions. The experimental setting was divided into three sets; each set contained a check (Hoagland solution only) and four treatments of simultaneous exposure to 15 μM Cu with four cation levels (i.e., Ca set: 0.5, 2.5, 5, and 10 mM Ca; Mg set: 0.2, 2, 4, and 8 mM Mg; K set: 0.6, 2.4, 4.8, and 9.6 mM K). A damage assessment model (DAM)-based approach was then developed to construct the dose-effect relationship between cation levels and the alleviation effects on Cu-induced oxidative stress. Model parameterization was performed by fitting the model to the experimental data using a nonlinear regression estimation. All data were analyzed by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by multiple comparisons using the least significant difference (LSD) test. The results showed that significant inhibitory effects on the elongation of roots occurred in grapevine roots treated with 15 μM Cu. The addition of Ca and Mg significantly mitigated phytotoxicity in root growth, whereas no significant effect of K treatment on root growth was found. With respect to oxidative stress, ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, as well as antioxidant (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) activities, were stimulated in the roots after exposure to 15 μM Cu for three days. Moreover, H2O2 levels decreased significantly as Ca, Mg, and K concentrations increased, indicating that the coexistence of these cations effectively alleviated Cu-induced oxidative stress; however, alleviative effects were not observed in the assessment of the MDA content and antioxidant enzyme activities. Based on the DAM, an exponential decay equation was developed and successfully applied to characterize the alleviative effects of Ca, Mg, and K on the H2O2 content induced by Cu in the roots. In addition, compared with Mg and K, Ca was the most effective cation in the alleviation of Cu-induced ROS. Based on the results, it could be concluded that Cu inhibited root growth and Ca and Mg absorption in grapevines, and stimulated the production of ROS, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, the alleviation effects of cations on Cu-induced ROS were well described by the DAM-based approach developed in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Wei Juang
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 600, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Jin Lo
- Agricultural Chemistry Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung City 413, Taiwan;
| | - Bo-Ching Chen
- Department of Natural Biotechnology, Nanhua University, Chiayi County 622, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Zhang X, Wu H, Ma Y, Meng Y, Ren D, Zhang S. Intrinsic soil property effects on Cd phytotoxicity to Ligustrum japonicum 'Howardii' expressed as different fractions of Cd in forest soils. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:110949. [PMID: 32882571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A better comprehensive understanding of the influence of soil/solution properties on cadmium (Cd) phytotoxicity is essential for soil Cd ecological risk assessment. The toxicity of soil spiked Cd to Ligustrum japonicum 'Howardii' seedling growth was conducted by the greenhouse pot experiments using 13 typical forest soils selected from mainland of China. The results showed that the ranges of Cd toxicity thresholds of 10% seedling growth inhibition (EC10) and 50% inhibition (EC50) followed the order: soil pore water Cd (EC10 on average 0.88 mg L-1 with the variation of 54.9 folds and EC50 on average 2.28 mg L-1 with variation of 41.8 folds), DTPA extractable Cd (EC10 on average 5.4 mg kg-1 with 20.9 folds variation and EC50 on average 17.86 mg kg-1 with 6.6 folds variation), total added Cd (EC10 on average 6.55 mg kg-1 with 16.7 folds variation and EC50 on average 22.11 mg kg-1 with 5.1 folds variation), which suggested that whatever the available Cd expressed, its toxicity is largely affected by soil properties. The empirical multiple equations were well developed between different fractions of Cd toxicity thresholds ECx (x = 10 or 50) and soil/solution. The results also showed that the pH inversely correlated with EC10 (r2 = 0.54, P < 0.01) and EC50 (r2 = 0.63, P < 0.001) based on soil pore water, indicating the ECx decreased with more toxicity as pH increased. No single significant soil solution properties were found for ECx in DTPA extractable Cd. For the ECx of DTPA extractable and total Cd, the content of aluminum oxides in soil and soil pH were the two significant factors inversely related with ECx, which explained 68%-79% of the inter-soil variation, respectively. Overall, soil or solution pH was the most important factor controlling Cd toxicity thresholds. Meanwhile, significant negative correlations existed between the soil solution pH and the slopes of parameter (b) of the dose-response curves for different fractions of Cd, implying that the growth of toxic effect enhanced as unit Cd dosage increased in low pH soils. These results will be helpful to evaluate the metal ecological risk in forest soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zhang
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Haoxuan Wu
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Yibing Ma
- Macao Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Yu Meng
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Dajun Ren
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China.
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Gong B, He E, Xia B, Ying R, Peijnenburg WJGM, Liu Y, Qiu H. Bioavailability and phytotoxicity of rare earth metals to Triticum aestivum under various exposure scenarios. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111346. [PMID: 32977285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is a daunting challenge to predict toxicity and accumulation of rare earth metals (REMs) in different exposure scenarios (e.g., varying water chemistry and metal combinations). Herein, we investigated the toxicity and uptake of La and Ce in the presence of various levels of Ca, Mg, Na, K, and at different pH values, as well as the combined effects of La and Ce in wheat Triticum aestivum. Major cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) significantly mitigated the toxicity and accumulation of La3+/Ce3+. Toxicity and uptake of La, Ce, and La-Ce mixtures could be well quantified by the multi-metal biotic ligand model (BLM) and by the Langmuir-type uptake model with the consideration of the competitive effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+, with more than 85.1% of variations explained. The derived binding constants of Ca, Mg, La, and Ce to wheat root were respectively 3.87, 3.59, 6.97, and 6.48 on the basis of toxicity data, and 3.23, 2.84, 6.07, and 5.27 on the basis of uptake data. The use of the alternative WHAM-Ftox approach, requiring fewer model parameters than the BLM but with similar Akaike information criterion (AIC) values, successfully predicted the toxicity and accumulation of La/Ce as well as toxicity of La-Ce mixtures, with at least 76.4% of variations explained. However, caution should be taken when using this approach to explain the uptake of La-Ce mixtures. Our results provided promising tools for delineating REMs toxicity/uptake in the presence of other toxicity-modifying factors or in mixture scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gong
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Erkai He
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Bing Xia
- Anhui Academy of Environmental Science Research, Hefei, 230051, China
| | - Rongrong Ying
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Center for the Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven 3720 BA, the Netherlands
| | - Yang Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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9
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Schneider M, Keiblinger KM, Paumann M, Soja G, Mentler A, Golestani-Fard A, Retzmann A, Prohaska T, Zechmeister-Boltenstern S, Wenzel W, Zehetner F. Fungicide application increased copper-bioavailability and impaired nitrogen fixation through reduced root nodule formation on alfalfa. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:599-611. [PMID: 31140046 PMCID: PMC6647429 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Copper-based fungicides have been used for a long time in viticulture and have accumulated in many vineyard soils. In this study, incrementing Cu(OH)2-based fungicide application from 0.05 to 5 g Cu kg-1 on two agricultural soils (an acidic sandy loam (L, pH 4.95) and an alkaline silt loam (D, pH 7.45)) resulted in 5 times more mobile Cu in the acidic soil. The most sensitive parameters of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) growing in these soils were the root nodule number, decreasing to 34% and 15% of the control at 0.1 g Cu kg-1 in soil L and at 1.5 g Cu kg-1 in soil D, respectively, as well as the nodule biomass, decreasing to 25% and 27% at 0.5 g Cu kg-1 in soil L and at 1.5 g Cu kg-1 in soil D, respectively. However, the enzymatic N2-fixation was not directly affected by Cu in spite of the presence of Cu in the meristem and the zone of effective N2-fixation, as illustrated by chemical imaging. The strongly different responses observed in the two tested soils reflect the higher buffering capacity of the alkaline silt loam and showed that Cu mitigation and remediation strategies should especially target vineyards with acidic, sandy soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schneider
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
- Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Energy, Konrad Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
- Division of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
- Institut für Bodenforschung, Schwackhöfer Haus, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190, Wien, Austria.
| | - Katharina M Keiblinger
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melanie Paumann
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Soja
- Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Energy, Konrad Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Axel Mentler
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alireza Golestani-Fard
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Anika Retzmann
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Thomas Prohaska
- Chair of General and Analytical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Straße 18, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Wenzel
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Zehetner
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Gong B, He E, Qiu H, Li J, Ji J, Peijnenburg WJGM, Liu Y, Zhao L, Cao X. The cation competition and electrostatic theory are equally valid in quantifying the toxicity of trivalent rare earth ions (Y 3+ and Ce 3+) to Triticum aestivum. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:456-463. [PMID: 31026692 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of appropriate models to delineate the toxicity of rare earth elements (REEs) while taking into account the factors that affect bioavailability. Here, standardized wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root elongation tests were conducted to examine the impact of exposure conditions (i.e., varying Ca, Mg, Na, K and pH levels) on Y and Ce toxicity. Cation competition and electrostatic theory were examined for their applicability in explaining the observed variations in toxicity. Only Ca2+ and Mg2+ significantly alleviated the toxicity of Y3+ and Ce3+, while Na+, K+ and H+ showed no significant effects. Based on the cation competition, the derived binding constants for the hypothetical biotic ligands of wheat logKCaBL, logKMgBL, logKYBL, and logKCeBL were 3.87, 3.59, 6.70, and 6.48, respectively. The biotic ligand model (BLM) succeeded in predicting toxicities of Y and Ce, with more than 93% of the variance in toxicity explained. Given the BLM requires large data sets for deriving model parameters, attempts were further made to explore a simpler electrostatic based model to quantify REEs toxicity. The results demonstrated that the predictive capacity of the electrostatic approach, which considers ion activities at the plasma membrane surface, was comparable to that of BLM with at least 87% of the variations in toxicity explained. This suggested that the electrostatic theory can serve as a surrogate to BLM in modeling Y and Ce toxicities. Therefore, we recommend the BLM and electrostatic-based model as effective approaches to incorporate bioavailability in quantifying REEs toxicity in the presence of various levels of other major cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Erkai He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jianqiu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jie Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Center for the Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven 3720 BA, the Netherlands
| | - Yang Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinde Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
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11
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Stowhas T, Verdejo J, Yáñez C, Celis-Diez JL, Martínez CE, Neaman A. Zinc alleviates copper toxicity to symbiotic nitrogen fixation in agricultural soil affected by copper mining in central Chile. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 209:960-963. [PMID: 30114746 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
According to the Terrestrial Biotic Ligand Model, other cations might compete with Cu+2 for biotic ligand sites and provide a protective effect. In particular, evidence suggests Zn may alleviative Cu toxicity. No study, to the best of our knowledge, has focused explicitly on the alleviating effect Zn might have on Cu toxicity to soil microorganisms in field-contaminated soils. The aim of this study was to investigate the alleviating effect Zn might have on Cu toxicity to symbiotic nitrogen fixation in agricultural soils affected by copper mining in central Chile. The bioassay estimated the symbiotic nitrogen fixation capacity of a population of rhizobia in a specified soil, using the soil as inocula for Phaseolus vulgaris L. grown in a soil-less system (pots with perlite) irrigated with a sterile nitrogen-free nutrient solution. Among all soil physicochemical characteristics, the Cu/Zn ratio best explained changes in symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The effective concentration 50% (EC50) of Cu/Zn ratio for symbiotic nitrogen was equal to 1.2, with 95% confidence interval of 1.0-1.3. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation decreased with increased Cu/Zn ratio, thus suggesting that Zn alleviates Cu toxicity to nitrogen fixing microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stowhas
- Escuela de Agronomía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota, Chile
| | - José Verdejo
- Escuela de Agronomía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota, Chile
| | - Carolina Yáñez
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Juan L Celis-Diez
- Escuela de Agronomía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota, Chile
| | | | - Alexander Neaman
- Escuela de Agronomía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota, Chile.
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Feng J, Gao Y, Chen M, Xu X, Huang M, Yang T, Chen N, Zhu L. Predicting cadmium and lead toxicities in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae by using a toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic model that considers the effects of cations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 625:1584-1595. [PMID: 29996455 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Protons and cations may affect metal accumulation in aquatic organisms and further influence metal toxicity. The effects of K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and H+ on the accumulation and toxicity of Cd and Pb in zebrafish larvae after 24 h exposure were examined. We found that Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and H+ exerted significant effects on both the accumulation and toxicity of Cd, and Ca2+, Mg2+, and H+ also affected both the accumulation and toxicity of Pb significantly. Subsequently, stability constants for the binding of Pb2+, Cd2+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and H+ to biotic ligand were estimated with the Langmuir model and biotic ligand model (BLM). Using the BLM-estimated binding constants calculated with toxicity data, a refined toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TK-TD) model considering cation competition effects was used to predict Cd and Pb accumulation and survival rates in zebrafish larvae with varying cation concentrations. Results showed that the developed TK-TD model could successfully predict Cd and Pb toxicity to zebrafish larvae as a function of major competitive cations. The TK-TD model incorporated cation competition effects is a promising tool to quantify and assess the metal risk in natural water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Feng
- Key laboratory of Pollution process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yongfei Gao
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Min Chen
- Key laboratory of Pollution process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key laboratory of Pollution process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mengdi Huang
- Key laboratory of Pollution process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tong Yang
- Key laboratory of Pollution process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Na Chen
- Key laboratory of Pollution process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key laboratory of Pollution process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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13
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Chen BC, Wang PJ, Ho PC, Juang KW. Nonlinear biotic ligand model for assessing alleviation effects of Ca, Mg, and K on Cd toxicity to soybean roots. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:942-955. [PMID: 28643161 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Developing a nonlinear biotic ligand model (BLM) that considers the geometrical constraints for binding of different cations on biotic ligands will provide more reliable details about the hypothetical mechanism governing the alleviation of cadmium (Cd) toxicity by coexistent cations. Soybean seedlings under Cd stress produced by various activities of coexistent cations such as calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), and potassium (K+) were hydroponically assayed for Cd toxicity to soybean roots. The Cd2+ activity resulting in 50% reduction of root elongation (RE), EA 50, was used for assessing the Cd toxicity to the soybean seedling. Increasing Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ activities resulted in a significant alleviation of Cd toxicity to soybean roots. This alleviation was markedly higher with increasing Ca2+ and K+ levels than with increasing Mg2+ level. In addition, EA 50 increased in nonlinear positive relationships with Ca2+ and Mg2+. The real data obtained from the soybean assay were thus used to develop the nonlinear BLM for Cd rhizotoxicity. Two parameters, competition equivalent and stability constant, indicated the profiles of the geometrical constraint and affinity of Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ binding on the soybean root surface to alleviate Cd toxicity. Compared with the traditional linear BLM, the nonlinear BLM provided more precise predictions of relative root elongation (RRE) and EA 50. Therefore, adopting the nonlinear BLM approach will successfully improve the monitoring and assessment of heavy metal toxicity to terrestrial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ching Chen
- College of Management, Nanhua University, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Jie Wang
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Ho
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wei Juang
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan.
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Lin Y, Allen HE, Di Toro DM. Barley root hair growth and morphology in soil, sand, and water solution media and relationship with nickel toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:2125-33. [PMID: 26841366 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Barley, Hordeum vulgare (Doyce), was grown in the 3 media of soil, hydroponic sand solution (sand), and hydroponic water solution (water) culture at the same environmental conditions for 4 d. Barley roots were scanned, and root morphology was analyzed. Plants grown in the 3 media had different root morphology and nickel (Ni) toxicity response. Root elongations and total root lengths followed the sequence soil > sand > water. Plants grown in water culture were more sensitive to Ni toxicity and had greater root hair length than those from soil and sand cultures, which increased root surface area. The unit root surface area as root surface area per centimeter of length of root followed the sequence water > sand > soil and was found to be related with root elongation. Including the unit root surface area, the difference in root elongation and 50% effective concentration were diminished, and percentage of root elongations can be improved with a root mean square error approximately 10% for plants grown in different media. Because the unit root surface area of plants in sand culture is closer to that in soil culture, the sand culture method, not water culture, is recommended for toxicity parameter estimation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2125-2133. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Herbert E Allen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Dominic M Di Toro
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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15
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16
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Rengel Z, Bose J, Chen Q, Tripathi BN. Magnesium alleviates plant toxicity of aluminium and heavy metals. CROP AND PASTURE SCIENCE 2015; 66:1298. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1071/cp15284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential nutrient that can alleviate soilborne toxicity of many ions. This review paper critically assesses the literature on interactions and mechanisms influencing Mg alleviation of aluminium (Al) and heavy metal toxicity. Hydrated radii of Mg2+ and Al3+ are similar; therefore, these two ions compete for binding to ion transporters and other important biological molecules. In monocotyledonous species such as rice and wheat, millimolar concentrations of Mg alleviate Al toxicity, mainly by decreasing Al saturation and activity at cell wall and plasma membrane binding sites. In dicotyledonous legume species such as soybean (Glycine max), rice bean (Vigna umbellata) and broad bean (Vicia faba), micromolar concentrations of Mg may enhance biosynthesis of organic ligands and thus underpin alleviation of Al toxicity. Resistance to Al may be enhanced by increased expression of the genes coding for Mg transporters, as well as by upregulation of activity of Mg-transport proteins; intracellular Mg2+ activity may thus be increased under Al stress, which may increase the activity of H+-ATPases. In Vicia faba, Mg-related enhancement in the activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase under Al stress was found to be due to post-translational modification (increased phosphorylation of the penultimate threonine as well as association with regulatory 14-3-3 proteins), resulting in increased resistance to Al stress. Magnesium can alleviate heavy metal stress by decreasing negative electrical potential and thus metal ion activities at the plasma membrane surface (physico-chemical competition), by enhancing activities of enzymes involved in biosynthesis of organic ligands, and by increasing vacuolar sequestration of heavy metals via increasing H+-pumping activity at the tonoplast. Future work should concentrate on characterising the role of intracellular Mg2+ homeostasis and Mg transporters in alleviating metal stress as well as in transcriptional, translational and post-translational regulation of H+-pumps and enzymes involved in biosynthesis and exudation of organic ligands.
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17
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Ardestani MM, van Straalen NM, van Gestel CAM. The relationship between metal toxicity and biotic ligand binding affinities in aquatic and soil organisms: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 195:133-47. [PMID: 25217851 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The biotic ligand model (BLM) is a theoretical, potentially mechanistic approach to assess metal bioavailability in soil and aquatic systems. In a BLM, toxicity is linked to the fraction of biotic ligand occupied, which in turn, depends on the various components of the solution, including activity of the metal. Bioavailability is a key factor in determining toxicity and uptake of metals in organisms. In this study, the present status of BLM development for soil and aquatic organisms is summarized. For all species and all metals, toxicity was correlated with the conditional biotic ligand binding constants. For almost all organisms, values for Ag, Cu, and Cd were higher than those for Zn and Ni. The constants derived for aquatic systems seem to be equally valid for soil organisms, but in the case of soils, bioavailability from the soil solution is greatly influenced by the presence of the soil solid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud M Ardestani
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Nico M van Straalen
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Antunes PMC, Kreager NJ. Lead toxicity to Lemna minor predicted using a metal speciation chemistry approach. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:2225-2233. [PMID: 25044009 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, predictive measures for Pb toxicity and Lemna minor were developed from bioassays with 7 surface waters having varied chemistries (0.5-12.5 mg/L dissolved organic carbon, pH of 5.4-8.3, and water hardness of 8-266 mg/L CaCO3 ). As expected based on water quality, 10%, 20%, and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC10, IC20, and IC50, respectively) values expressed as percent net root elongation (%NRE) varied widely (e.g., IC20s ranging from 306 nM to >6920 nM total dissolved Pb), with unbounded values limited by Pb solubility. In considering chemical speciation, %NRE variability was better explained when both Pb hydroxides and the free lead ion were defined as bioavailable (i.e., f{OH} ) and colloidal Fe(III)(OH)3 precipitates were permitted to form and sorb metals (using FeOx as the binding phase). Although cause and effect could not be established because of covariance with alkalinity (p = 0.08), water hardness correlated strongly (r(2) = 0.998, p < 0.0001) with the concentration of total Pb in true solution ([Pb]T_True solution ). Using these correlations as the basis for predictions (i.e., [Pb]T_True solution vs water hardness and %NRE vs f{OH} ), IC20 and IC50 values produced were within a factor of 2.9 times and 2.2 times those measured, respectively. The results provide much needed effect data for L. minor and highlight the importance of chemical speciation in Pb-based risk assessments for aquatic macrophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M C Antunes
- AquaTox Testing & Consulting Inc., Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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He E, Qiu H, Van Gestel CAM. Modelling uptake and toxicity of nickel in solution to Enchytraeus crypticus with biotic ligand model theory. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 188:17-26. [PMID: 24531268 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Protons and other cations may inhibit metal uptake and alleviate metal toxicity in aquatic organisms, but less is known about these interactions in soil organisms. The present study investigated the influence of solution chemistry on uptake and toxicity of Ni in Enchytraeus crypticus after 14 days exposure. Ca(2+), Mg(2+) and Na(+) were found to exert significant effects on both uptake and toxicity of Ni. An extended Langmuir model, which incorporated cation competition effects, well predicted Ni uptake. The LC50{Ni(2+)} predicted by a developed Biotic Ligand Model matched well with observed values. These suggest that cation competition needs to be taken into account when modelling uptake and effects. The binding constants of Ni(2+), Mg(2+) and Na(+) on the uptake and toxic action sites were similar, but for Ca(2+) they differed. This indicates that the effect of Ca(2+) on Ni(2+) toxicity cannot simply be explained by the competition for entry into organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkai He
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hao Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M Van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Chen PY, Lee YI, Chen BC, Juang KW. Effects of calcium on rhizotoxicity and the accumulation and translocation of copper by grapevines. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 73:375-382. [PMID: 24211513 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the effects of background concentrations of calcium (Ca) in solution on rhizotoxicity of copper (Cu) in and the accumulation and translocation of Cu by the grapevine, Vitis vinifera L. var. Kyoho. Grapevine cuttings in a hydroponic system were exposed to Cu-spiked solutions (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 25 μM) with two Ca backgrounds (0.5 and 5 mM) for 15 days. We found that when Cu exposure exceeded 5 μM, no new white roots were generated from the cuttings. When exposed to a Cu concentration of 25 μM, the lateral roots were sparse, appeared dark and exhibited malformed terminal swellings. The morphological phenomena of root response to an increase in Cu levels were relatively pronounced at a background concentration of 5 mM Ca; epidermal cell walls thickened, cortical cells remained intact and root terminal swelling was enhanced with Cu exposure. A 5 mM Ca background concentration enhanced the reduction in relative root elongation, but alleviated the reduction in relative root dry weight with increased Cu exposure. Moreover, there was a prominent increase in root Cu concentrations with increased Cu exposure, but the increases in leaf Cu concentrations were much less. The Cu profile of Cu exposure in a 5 mM Ca background concentration appeared higher in root, but lower in leaf than the Cu profile in a 0.5 mM Ca background; therefore, increase of Ca background concentrations would enhance Cu to be accumulated by root, but not translocated into the leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Chen
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Pandey P, Srivastava RK, Dubey RS. Salicylic acid alleviates aluminum toxicity in rice seedlings better than magnesium and calcium by reducing aluminum uptake, suppressing oxidative damage and increasing antioxidative defense. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2013; 22:656-670. [PMID: 23479061 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum toxicity is a major constraint to crop production in acid soils. The present study was undertaken to examine the comparative ameliorating effects of salicylic acid, Ca and Mg on Al toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings grown in hydroponics. Al treatment (0.5 mM AlCl3) caused decrease in plant vigour, loss of root plasma membrane integrity, increased contents of O 2 (∙-) , H2O2, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls and decline in the level of protein thiol. Al treatment caused significant changes in activity of antioxidative enzymes in rice seedlings. Exogenously added salicylic acid (60 μM), Ca (1 mM) and Mg (0.25 mM) significantly alleviated Al toxicity effects in the seedlings marked by restoration of growth, suppression of Al uptake, restoration of root plasma membrane integrity and decline in O 2 (∙-) , H2O2, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl contents. Salicylic acid, Ca and Mg suppressed Al-induced increase in SOD, GPX and APX activities while it elevated Al-induced decline in CAT activity. By histochemical staining of O 2 (∙-) using NBT and H2O2 using DAB, it was further confirmed that added salicylic acid, Ca or Mg decreased Al-induced accumulation of O 2 (∙-) and H2O2 in the leaf tissues. Results indicate that exogenously added salicylic acid, Ca or Mg alleviates Al toxicity in rice seedlings by suppressing Al uptake, restoring root membrane integrity, reducing ROS level and ROS induced oxidative damage and regulating the level of antioxidative enzyme activities. Further salicylic appears to be superior to Mg and Ca in alleviating Al toxicity effects in rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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