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Feng F, Zhou Y, Su W, Sun J, Li Y. Homology and heterogeneity of soil trace elements of coal power production bases in arid and semi-arid areas of Northwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:593. [PMID: 38829441 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Coal power activities could cause regional fluctuations of trace elements, but the distribution information of these trace elements in arid and semi-arid areas is insufficient. In this study, the soil trace elements (As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Ge, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, and Zn) of Ningdong Coal Power Production Base in China were monitored. Results showed that the concentrations of B, Tl, Mn, Pb, Cr, K, Cu, and Co exceeded background values. The maximum risk index reached 265.66, while the trace elements posed a cancer risk to children. Combining correlation analyses (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and positive matrix factorization (PMF) techniques, it indicated that trace elements were mainly coming from coal combustion (34.15%), livestock farming (17.44%), traffic emissions (12.42%), and natural factors (35.99%). This study reveals the sources and potential ecological risks of soil trace elements in the Ningdong Coal and Power Production Base. It provides a scientific basis for developing targeted environmental management measures and reducing human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feisheng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Anhui Province, No. 168, Taifeng Road, Huainan, 232001, China
- Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Anhui Province, No. 168, Taifeng Road, Huainan, 232001, China
- Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wanli Su
- CHN ENERGY Investment Group Co Ltd, Ningxia Province, Yinchuan City, China.
| | - Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Anhui Province, No. 168, Taifeng Road, Huainan, 232001, China
- Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Anhui Province, No. 168, Taifeng Road, Huainan, 232001, China
- Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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2
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Ilyas MZ, Sa KJ, Ali MW, Lee JK. Toxic effects of lead on plants: integrating multi-omics with bioinformatics to develop Pb-tolerant crops. PLANTA 2023; 259:18. [PMID: 38085368 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Lead disrupts plant metabolic homeostasis and key structural elements. Utilizing modern biotechnology tools, it's feasible to develop Pb-tolerant varieties by discovering biological players regulating plant metabolic pathways under stress. Lead (Pb) has been used for a variety of purposes since antiquity despite its toxic nature. After arsenic, lead is the most hazardous heavy metal without any known beneficial role in the biological system. It is a crucial inorganic pollutant that affects plant biochemical and morpho-physiological attributes. Lead toxicity harms plants throughout their life cycle and the extent of damage depends on the concentration and duration of exposure. Higher levels of lead exposure disrupt numerous key metabolic activities of plants including oxygen-evolving complex, organelles integrity, photosystem II connectivity, and electron transport chain. This review summarizes the detrimental effects of lead toxicity on seed germination, crop growth, and yield, oxidative and ultra-structural alterations, as well as nutrient absorption, transport, and assimilation. Further, it discusses the Pb-induced toxic modulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, respiration, metabolic-enzymatic activity, osmolytes accumulation, and antioxidant activity. It is a comprehensive review that reports on omics-based studies along with morpho-physiological and biochemical modifications caused by lead stress. With advances in DNA sequencing technologies, genomics and transcriptomics are gradually becoming popular for studying Pb stress effects in plants. Proteomics and metabolomics are still underrated and there is a scarcity of published data, and this review highlights both their technical and research gaps. Besides, there is also a discussion on how the integration of omics with bioinformatics and the use of the latest biotechnological tools can aid in developing Pb-tolerant crops. The review concludes with core challenges and research directions that need to be addressed soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahaib Ilyas
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Bio-Resource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Kyu Jin Sa
- Department of Crop Science, College of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Korea
| | - Muhammad Waqas Ali
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Center, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Ju Kyong Lee
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Bio-Resource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
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Sundha P, Basak N, Rai AK, Chandra P, Bedwal S, Yadav G, Yadav RK, Sharma PC. Characterization and ecotoxicological risk assessment of sewage sludge from industrial and non-industrial cities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:116567-116583. [PMID: 35779215 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21648-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study highlights the occurrence and the temporal variations of physicochemical properties, and heavy metals in the sludge from sewage treatment plants (STPs) located in industrial (two sites) and non-industrial (one site) cities of Haryana, India. The sludge was acidic (5.59) to neutral (7.21) with a mean EC of 7.4 dS m-1. Prominent heavy metals present in the sewage sludge from industrial sites were Cd, Ni, and Cr with maximum values of 2.83, 1449.0, and 3918.5 mg kg-1, respectively. The contamination and enrichment factor better explained the buildup of Ni, Cr, and Cu in the sewage sludge from industrial sites. The pH, total carbon, phosphorus, and other water-soluble anions, viz. SO42-, Cl-, HCO3-, and PO43-, were the most important attributes of sludge controlling the binding and removal of the metals with particulate matters during the phase separation in STPs. These attributes explained about 90% of the variation in Cd, Ni, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Zn content of the sludge from different STPs. Sludge from the non-industrial site had a low potential ecological risk index of 74.0 compared to a very high-risk index of 2186.5 associated with the industrial sites. This study concludes that besides the concentration of the heavy metals, the enrichment factor coupled with geo-accumulation or ecological risk index can effectively categorize the sludge. However, these indices need to be linked with bioaccumulation, bioaccessibility, and biomass quality under different agroecologies for guiding the safer use of sewage sludge in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Sundha
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - Nirmalendu Basak
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001, Haryana, India.
| | - Arvind Kumar Rai
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Chandra
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Bedwal
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - Gajender Yadav
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001, Haryana, India
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Gao X, Zhou Y, Fan M, Jiang M, Zhang M, Cai H, Wang X. Environmental risk assessment near a typical spent lead-acid battery recycling factory in China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116417. [PMID: 37329945 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, environmental pollution and public health incidents caused by the recycling of spent lead-acid batteries (LABs) has becoming more frequent, posing potential risk to both the ecological environment and human health. Accurately assessing the environmental risk associated with the recycling of spent LABs is a prerequisite for achieving pollution control. In this study, a spent LABs recycling factory in Chongqing was investigated through on-site investigation, sample analysis. Exposure assessment and health risk assessment were also conducted. The results showed that: firstly, Pb and As concentrations exceeding the standard limit values were found in the environmental air and vegetables near the spent LABs recycling factory. Secondly, exposure assessment results showed that total average daily exposure to hazardous substances for children (3.46 × 10-2 mg/kg) is higher than for adults (4.80 × 10-2 mg/kg). The main exposure pathways for Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Hg are ingestion of vegetables, while those for Cd, As, and Sb are through inhalation. Thirdly, health risk assessment results indicate that environmental exposure poses unacceptable non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk to both adults and children near the spent LABs recycling factory, with children facing higher risk than adults. Pb and As are the main contributors to non-carcinogenic risk, and Ni and As are the main contributors to unacceptable carcinogenic risk. In particular, As, has a greater contribution to total carcinogenic risk index through inhalation than vegetable ingestion. Overall, vegetable ingestion and inhalation are the main exposure pathways for non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk. Consequently, future risk assessment should focus on the impact of hazardous substances on children, as well as the health risk associated with ingestion of vegetables and inhalation. Our findings will provide basic information for proposing measures of environmental risk prevention during the recycling of spent LABs, for example, controlling of As in exhaust gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Yiran Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Mengqi Fan
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Min Jiang
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Manli Zhang
- Chongqing Solid Waste Management Center, Chongqing, 400017, China.
| | - Hongying Cai
- Chongqing Solid Waste Management Center, Chongqing, 400017, China.
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
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5
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Coker EA, Nkuah BC, Amoanimaah SA, Oppong JB, Gyamfi O, Ansah E, Ababio KA, Wemegah DD, Borquaye LS, Darko G. Human exposure to mercury in the atmosphere and soils in Konongo: an age-old mining centre in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:3555-3565. [PMID: 36449127 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The dramatic upsurge of artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activities in Ghana has resulted in environmental degradation, water pollution and human exposure to mercury-the main hazardous element used in gold extraction. This study evaluated the degree of human exposure to mercury based on the concentrations found in the air and soil samples taken at a resolution of 1 km2 across Konongo, a historic mining town in Ghana's Ashanti Region. The highest atmospheric mercury concentration was 193 ng/m3, which is much higher than the levels the European Union and Japan allowed, which are 10 ng/m3 and 40 ng/m3, respectively. The concentration in the soil was 3.6 mg Hg/kg, which is around ten times higher than the background concentration in nature. Additionally, the soil concentrations were higher above the worrisome levels of soil contamination in agricultural land (4 mg/kg) and industrial areas (16 mg/kg), respectively. Soils are extremely contaminated with mercury at sites artisanal mining activities take place. The concentrations of mercury in the air and soils were significantly higher (p < 0.5) at locations of prominent mining activities compared to areas not close to mining sites. The inhabitants of the Konongo community are therefore exposed to mercury, most likely emitted from artisanal mining activities. A non-carcinogenic risk is posed to the people by inhaling mercury vapour through the air and vapourisation from the soil. Children are exposed to a higher risk than adults as they receive higher daily doses of mercury than adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewura Abena Coker
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Bright Cephas Nkuah
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Sandra Afia Amoanimaah
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Joel Baffour Oppong
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Opoku Gyamfi
- Department of Chemistry Education, Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Asante-Mampong, Ghana
| | - Eugene Ansah
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kofi Agyarko Ababio
- Department of Statistical Sciences, Kumasi Technical University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - David Dotse Wemegah
- Department of Physics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Godfred Darko
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
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Bavi H, Gharaie MHM, Moussavi-Harami R, Zand-Moghadam H, Mahboubi A, Tohidi MR. Spatial dispersion hot spots of contamination and human health risk assessments of PTEs in surface sediments of streams around porphyry copper mine, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:3907-3931. [PMID: 36617367 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive research has been conducted to consider the distribution of PTEs in the surface sediments of a recently developed Dar-e-Allo copper mine in dependence on the potential ecological and human health risks. Field sampling was carried out discreetly at preselected sampling spots including the natural background, the streams around the mine, waste rock drainages, evaporative deposits, sediments containing Fe oxy-hydroxides and secondary phases. Distribution of target elements (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, S, Sb, Se, and Zn) showed high levels of crustal elements. As regards, Fe, Al, and S are identified to exist as the most copious elements in the earth's crust, so have the major portion of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the sediment concentrations. Evaluating environmental indices reflected that in general, Cu, S, and Mo have a higher quota of contamination in sedimentary systems. the pollution load index (PLI), modified contamination degree (mCd), Contamination factor (Cf), Sediment potential index (SPI), Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and Contamination degree (Cd) confirm that sedimentary systems of mining area are heavily contaminated by PTEs and were not found within the guideline acceptable values. The potential ecological risk index (PERI) displayed a high or severe risk level for Cu with a peak in green-blue sediments containing secondary minerals. The results of total carcinogenic risk (TCRs) show that As has high toxicity level and carries a risk of carcinogenicity among children and adults. The TCRs for Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb with carcinogenic potential are found only in children and they are classified as the prime concern elements that have serious dangers to children's public health. The results of contamination source presumed that the sources of PTEs contamination were principally geogenic along with the anthropogenic sources in the study area. Therefore, the present study has highlighted the implication of human health risks of PTEs in sedimentary systems of copper mining, also will grant advice for prime stakeholders, including mine managers, Environmental Protection Agency, the government and public organizations in connection to protecting the environment, aquatic biota and consumer's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Bavi
- Department of Geology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Zhang H, Lee JW, Nasti G, Handy R, Abate A, Grätzel M, Park NG. Lead immobilization for environmentally sustainable perovskite solar cells. Nature 2023; 617:687-695. [PMID: 37225881 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites are promising semiconducting materials for solar energy harvesting. However, the presence of heavy-metal lead ions is problematic when considering potential harmful leakage into the environment from broken cells and also from a public acceptance point of view. Moreover, strict legislation on the use of lead around the world has driven innovation in the development of strategies for recycling end-of-life products by means of environmentally friendly and cost-effective routes. Lead immobilization is a strategy to transform water-soluble lead ions into insoluble, nonbioavailable and nontransportable forms over large pH and temperature ranges and to suppress lead leakage if the devices are damaged. An ideal methodology should ensure sufficient lead-chelating capability without substantially influencing the device performance, production cost and recycling. Here we analyse chemical approaches to immobilize Pb2+ from perovskite solar cells, such as grain isolation, lead complexation, structure integration and adsorption of leaked lead, based on their feasibility to suppress lead leakage to a minimal level. We highlight the need for a standard lead-leakage test and related mathematical model to be established for the reliable evaluation of the potential environmental risk of perovskite optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Center for Antibonding Regulated Crystals, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Lee
- Department of Nano Engineering and Department of Nano Science and Technology, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Giuseppe Nasti
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Abate
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Michael Grätzel
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nam-Gyu Park
- School of Chemical Engineering and Center for Antibonding Regulated Crystals, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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El Youssfi M, Sifou A, Ben Aakame R, Mahnine N, Arsalane S, Halim M, Laghzizil A, Zinedine A. Trace elements in Foodstuffs from the Mediterranean Basin-Occurrence, Risk Assessment, Regulations, and Prevention strategies: A review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2597-2626. [PMID: 35754061 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Trace elements (TEs) are chemical compounds that naturally occur in the earth's crust and in living organisms at low concentrations. Anthropogenic activities can significantly increase the level of TEs in the environment and finally enter the food chain. Toxic TEs like cadmium, lead, arsenic, and mercury have no positive role in a biological system and can cause harmful effects on human health. Ingestion of contaminated food is a typical route of TEs intake by humans. Recent data about the occurrence of TEs in food available in the Mediterranean countries are considered in this review. Analytical methods are also discussed. Furthermore, a discussion of existing international agency regulations will be given. The risk associated with the dietary intake of TEs was estimated by considering consumer exposure and threshold values such as Benchmark dose lower confidence limit and provisional tolerable weekly intake established by the European Food Safety Authority and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, respectively. Finally, several remediation approaches to minimize TE contamination in foodstuffs were discussed including chemical, biological, biotechnological, and nanotechnological methods. The results of this study proved the occurrence of TEs contamination at high levels in vegetables and fish from some Mediterranean countries. Lead and cadmium are more abundant in foodstuffs than other toxic trace elements. Geographical variations in TE contamination of food crops clearly appear, with a greater risk in developing countries. There is still a need for the regular monitoring of these toxic element levels in food items to ensure consumer protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad El Youssfi
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta BP.1014 Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP.1014, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Aicha Sifou
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP.1014, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rachid Ben Aakame
- Laboratory of Food Toxicology, National Institute of Hygiene (INH), BP 769 Agdal, 27, Avenue Ibn Batouta, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Naima Mahnine
- Laboratory of Food Toxicology, National Institute of Hygiene (INH), BP 769 Agdal, 27, Avenue Ibn Batouta, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Said Arsalane
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP.1014, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Halim
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP.1014, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Laghzizil
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta BP.1014 Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdellah Zinedine
- BIOMARE Laboratory, Chouaib Doukkali University, Faculty of Sciences, Route Ben Maachou, PO Box 20, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco.
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Hiller E, Pilková Z, Filová L, Mihaljevič M, Špirová V, Jurkovič Ľ. Metal(loid) concentrations, bioaccessibility and stable lead isotopes in soils and vegetables from urban community gardens. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135499. [PMID: 35777541 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Community gardens are "green oases" of recent cities with many benefits for human society. From a human health perspective, these benefits can be damaged by chemical contamination of soil and cultivated vegetables. Using geochemical approaches, this study characterised (i) total metal(loid) concentrations in soils and two commonly grown vegetables in urban community gardens (Bratislava, Slovakia), (ii) gastrointestinal bioaccessibility using a modified physiologically based extraction test (PBET), and (iii) stable lead (Pb) isotopes in order to identify sources of metal(loid)s, solubilisation in the human body and migration of Pb from soil to vegetables. While some soils could be considered contaminated when compared to the Slovak legislation for agricultural soil, the bioaccessibility of metal(loid)s did not exceed 20% in the intestinal phase, with the exception of cadmium (Cd). Tomatoes and lettuce contained low total and bioaccessible concentrations of metal(loid)s, being safe for people who consume their own grown vegetables. There were differences in Pb isotope composition among bulk soils, vegetables and bioaccessible Pb, with less radiogenic Pb being preferentially mobilised. Statistical methods considering the compositional nature of the geochemical data and the enrichment factor (EF) distinguished well metal(loid)s of natural origin (As, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, V) from those with anthropogenic contributions. This research has shown the usefulness of integrating different methodologies to better understand the geochemistry of metal(loid)s in urban soils with their highly diversified sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Hiller
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Zuzana Pilková
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lenka Filová
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina 1, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Mihaljevič
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Špirová
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľubomír Jurkovič
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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10
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Characteristics and Risk of Forest Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in Western Guangdong Province, China. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13060884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
West Guangdong is an important ecological barrier in Guangdong province, so understanding the spatial patterns and sources of heavy metal pollution of forest soil in this region is of great significance for ecological protection. In this study, the concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Ni) in forest soil were determined. Geostatistics, single-factor pollution index (PI), potential ecological risk index (RI), principal component analysis (PCA), and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used to evaluate and analyze the characteristics of heavy metal pollution of forest soil. The results showed that the average concentration did not exceed the critical value. Cd, Pb, and Cu were enriched in southwest Xinxing County, while Zn and Ni were enriched in most areas of the Yunan and Yuncheng districts. Two groups of heavy metals from different sources were identified by PCA and a correlation analysis. Cd, Pb, and Cu in their respective enrichment areas were mainly from marble and cement production, whereas Zn and Ni were primarily from transportation and chemical fertilizer. Most of the study area was safe or slightly polluted while the heavy metal-enriched areas were moderately to severely polluted. The potential ecological risk was at a lower level in the study area but moderate in southwest Xinxing County. In summary, human factors impact the spatial patterns and ecological risks of heavy metals in forest soil. This study provides a scientific basis for forest soil pollution control and ecological protection.
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Ejaz A, Khan ZI, Ahmad K, Muhammad FG, Akhtar S, Hussain MI. Appraising growth, daily intake, health risk index, and pollution load of Zn in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in soil differentially spiked with zinc. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:34685-34700. [PMID: 35040053 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18130-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is a vital nutrient element required for plants normal growth and development. It performs imperative functions in numerous metabolic pathways in the plants. However, potentially noxious levels of Zn in terrestrial environment can lead to inhibited photosynthesis, growth, respiratory rate and imbalanced mineral nutrition. In micronutrient malnutrition, Zn deficiency is a global human health problem owing to the human dependence on cereals grains especially wheat-based diet. Therefore, this study investigated the Zn uptake efficacy in Triticum aestivum that is grown under two different doses (100 g/kg or 200 g/kg) of various soil amendments in both pot and field experimentation. Results of this study revealed that mean Zn concentration in different wheat varieties and treatments were varied from 1.53 to 6.03 mg/kg, 11.27 to 40.65 mg/kg, 11.28 to 39.93 mg/kg, and 11.32 to 37.70 mg/kg in amended soil, root, shoot, and grains, respectively. All observed Zn values in soil and wheat parts were lower than the FAO/WHO standards. Zinc values observed for pollution load index (0.034-0.134 mg/kg), daily intake (0.00492-0.01533 mg/kg), and health risk (0.0164-0.0570 mg/kg) index were lower than 1 except bio-concentration factor. Bio-concentration factor (5.076-10.165 mg/kg) revealed that DHARABI-11 variety showed maximum Zn uptake efficacy in farmyard manure treatment. The daily intake and health risk index values also showed that Zn level in grains is safe for inhabitants consumption. Overall, study recommended that these organic amendments are a good source of fertilizers, essentially required for the sustainable management of soil and increases the Zn accumulation in wheat grains which can ultimately reduce the Zn malnutrition in human food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Ejaz
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Shahzad Akhtar
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Plant Biology & Soil Science, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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Mbodji M, Baskali-Bouregaa N, Barbier-Bessueille F, Ayouni-Derouiche L, Diop C, Fall M, Gilon N. Speciation of metals by sequential extractions of agricultural soils located near a dumpsite for prediction of element availability to vegetables. Talanta 2022; 244:123411. [PMID: 35427983 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper heavy metal pollution has been investigated by comparing total concentrations and speciation of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb and Sr) in soils from four agricultural fields (S1, S2, S3, S4) located in the direct vicinity of the largest landfill in Senegal. The sequential test allowed discriminating between various fractions of heavy metals, namely the acid-extractable fraction, the fraction bound to Fe oxides, the fraction bound to organic matter and the residual fraction. It was proven that the most important fractions of metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, Sr and Zn) are bound to the residual fraction, more than 50% for most sites, and thus they may be relatively hardly liberated into the environment. The results also showed that the metal pollution in S3 and S4 were more severe than in other sampling sites, especially for Mn and Zn. In addition, the exchangeable fraction, which is the most available, represents from 10 to 47% of the total concentration for Sr, Mn and Zn, indicating that a non-negligible part of these elements may be easily released. Matrix correlation between soil characteristics and the elemental concentrations was tested to study and to detect a possible trend of metal mobilization from organic matter or oxides to agricultural soils. Vegetable grown from the four sampling sites were analyzed, Cr, Zn and Pb concentrations were high in many studied foodstuffs, (up to 54 mg/kg; 45.8 mg/kg and 3.4 mg/kg for Mn, Zn and Pb respectively) and higher than the threshold values of FAO/WHO. Calculation of hazard indexes suggested no potential health risks associated with consuming the vegetables with the exception of cassava and cassava leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mor Mbodji
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, ISA UMR, 5280, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France; Laboratoire de Toxicologie et Hydrologie, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Nadia Baskali-Bouregaa
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, ISA UMR, 5280, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France
| | - Frédérique Barbier-Bessueille
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, ISA UMR, 5280, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France
| | - Linda Ayouni-Derouiche
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, ISA UMR, 5280, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France
| | - Cheikh Diop
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie et Hydrologie, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mamadou Fall
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie et Hydrologie, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Nicole Gilon
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, ISA UMR, 5280, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France.
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Al Souki KS, Liné C, Moravec J, Douay F, Pourrut B. Response of Three Miscanthus × giganteus Cultivars to Toxic Elements Stress: Part 2, Comparison between Two Growing Seasons. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:945. [PMID: 35406924 PMCID: PMC9003296 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The positive impact on restoring soil functionality, decreasing toxic elements (TE) bioaccessibility, and enhancing soil physicochemical and biological parameters established a consensus on considering a Miscanthus × giganteus convenient species for phytomanaging wide TE contaminated areas. Nevertheless, information about the plant's mode of reaction to elevated soil multi-TE concentrations is still scarce. For the sake of investigating the miscanthus response to stressful TE concentrations, an ex-situ pot experiment was initiated for 18 months, with three miscanthus cultivars referred to as B, U, and A planted in soils with gradient Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations. A non-contaminated control soil was introduced as well, and plants were cultivated within. Results revealed that the long exposure to increasing soil TE concentrations caused the number of tillers per plant to decline and the TE concentrations in the leaves to boost progressively with the soil contamination. The photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids) were negatively affected as well. However, the phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, and anthocyanins, along with the antioxidant enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase elevated progressively with the TE concentration and exposure duration. Conclusively, miscanthus plants demonstrated an intensified and synchronized antioxidative activity against the TE concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Suhail Al Souki
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Pasteurova 3632/15, 400 96 Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic;
| | - Clarisse Liné
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille, Junia, 48 Boulevard Vauban, CEDEX, F-59046 Lille, France; (C.L.); (F.D.)
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS-ENSAT, Avenue de l’Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jiří Moravec
- Department of the Environment, Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Pasteurova 3632/15, 400 96 Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic;
| | - Francis Douay
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille, Junia, 48 Boulevard Vauban, CEDEX, F-59046 Lille, France; (C.L.); (F.D.)
| | - Bertrand Pourrut
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille, Junia, 48 Boulevard Vauban, CEDEX, F-59046 Lille, France; (C.L.); (F.D.)
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS-ENSAT, Avenue de l’Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Kumar S, Rahman MA, Islam MR, Hashem MA, Rahman MM. Lead and other elements-based pollution in soil, crops and water near a lead-acid battery recycling factory in Bangladesh. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133288. [PMID: 34921850 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) pollution in the environment predominantly occurs through anthropogenic activities, which pose significant threats to human health and that of biota. In this study, Pb and other elements were investigated in different soils (n = 52), crops (n = 24) and water (n = 13) around a lead-acid battery (LAB) recycling workshop in southwestern Bangladesh. Most of the elements' concentrations (except Se and Ag) in soil were lower than the background concentrations. However, excessive concentrations of Pb were found in both surface (966 ± 2414 mg kg-1 at 0-15 cm) and subsurface (230 ± 490 mg kg-1 at 15-30 cm) soil. Although no definitive pattern or direction in elemental concentration in soil was observed, relatively higher concentrations of most elements were detected at the southeast part of the factory. The LAB factory, brick kiln, agricultural and geogenic activities might be the sources of these elements in soil. Extremely high amounts of Cr, As, Cd, and Pb were found in the food crops around the area. In particular, the Pb concentrations were 114 ± 155 and 665 ± 588 mg kg -1 dry weight in rice grain and straw, respectively, which reflected the emissions of Pb from the LAB recycling workshop. Moreover, 40% and 100% of the groundwater samples exceeded, respectively, the WHO provisional guideline values for As (0.01 mg L-1) and Pb (0.05 mg L-1). Consequently, a high level of Pb contamination in the soil was observed while assessing different soil pollution indices. Human health risk assessment indicated severe carcinogenic (from Pb, As, and Cr intake) and non-carcinogenic (from Pb, As, Co, Cr, Ni and Sb intake) health risks are associated with rice and groundwater consumption. It is concluded that all LAB recycling workshops should be better managed to prevent Pb pollution from seeping into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sazal Kumar
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Md Aminur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE), Zonal Laboratory, Khulna, 9100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rashidul Islam
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Md Abul Hashem
- Department of Leather Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology (KUET), Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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15
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Yang L, Ren Q, Ge S, Jiao Z, Zhan W, Hou R, Ruan X, Pan Y, Wang Y. Metal(loid)s Spatial Distribution, Accumulation, and Potential Health Risk Assessment in Soil-Wheat Systems near a Pb/Zn Smelter in Henan Province, Central China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052527. [PMID: 35270219 PMCID: PMC8909631 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To understand the influence of Pb/Zn smelter on surrounding environment, 110 soil and 62 wheat grain samples (62 paired samples) were collected nearby a Pb/Zn smelter in Jiaozuo City, Henan Province, China. The content and spatial distribution of metal(loid)s in the soil-wheat system, and the potential health risk via consumption of wheat grains were determined. Results showed that the average content of Pb, Cd, As, Cu, Zn, and Ni in soil were 129.16, 4.28, 17.95, 20.43, 79.36, and 9.42 mg/kg, respectively. The content of Cd in almost all soil samples (99.1%) exceeded the national limitation of China (0.6 mg/kg). Spatial distribution analysis indicated that atmospheric deposition might be the main pollution source of Pb, Cd, As, and Zn in soil. In addition, the average content of Pb, Cd, As, Cu, Zn, and Ni in wheat grain were 0.62, 0.35, 0.10, 3.7, 35.77, and 0.15 mg/kg, respectively, with the average Pb and Cd content exceeding the national limitation of China. The average bioaccumulation factor of these metal(loid)s followed the following order: Zn (0.507) > Cu (0.239) > Cd (0.134) > Ni (0.024) > Pb (0.007) > As (0.006). Health risk assessment indicated that the average noncarcinogenic risk of children (6.78) was much higher than that of adults (2.83), and the carcinogenic risk of almost all wheat grain is higher than the acceptable range, with an average value of 2.43 × 10−2. These results indicated that humans who regularly consume these wheat grains might have a serious risk of noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (L.Y.); (X.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Q.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Qiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Q.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Shiji Ge
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Q.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Zhiqiang Jiao
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Z.J.); (R.H.)
| | - Wenhao Zhan
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China;
| | - Runxiao Hou
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Z.J.); (R.H.)
| | - Xinling Ruan
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (L.Y.); (X.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Q.R.); (S.G.)
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Z.J.); (R.H.)
| | - Yanfang Pan
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (L.Y.); (X.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Q.R.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yangyang Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (L.Y.); (X.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Q.R.); (S.G.)
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (Z.J.); (R.H.)
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (Y.W.)
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16
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MUNIZ ADS, CARVALHO GADD, RAICES RSL, SOUZA SLQD. Organic vs conventional agriculture: evaluation of cadmium in two of the most consumed vegetables in Brazil. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.106721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Guérin T, Ghinet A, Waterlot C. The phytoextraction power of Cichorium intybus L. on metal-contaminated soil: Focus on time- and cultivar-depending accumulation and distribution of cadmium, lead and zinc. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132122. [PMID: 34523454 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study is focused on the evaluation of the accumulation of Cd, Pb and Zn in five cultivars of Cichorium intybus L. (chicory) which were produced on contaminated agricultural soil. Over a growth period of 211 days, the roots and leaves were collected in four stages and then analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry to measure the concentration and distribution of the target metals in these two chicory organs considering the weather and the nature of the cultivar. For all cultivars, sharp decreases of Pb (from 165 mg kg-1 to 3 mg kg-1), Cd (from 11 mg kg-1 to 5 mg kg-1) and Zn concentrations (from 157 mg kg-1 to 40 mg kg-1) in the roots were highlighted over time. The data collected enabled the calculation of the variation of the bioconcentration factor, the biological absorption coefficient and the translocation factor for Cd, Pb and Zn. These parameters were then correlated with the distribution of the fresh biomass of leaves and roots and several indicators such as chlorophyll content, flavonols, anthocyanin and nitrogen balance index were measured. The study concludes with the discussion on the ability of chicory to clean up contaminated agricultural soil. The current investigation has shown: i) a translocation of Cd (and Zn to a lesser extent) from the roots to the leaves; ii) an increase in the level of anthocyanins with the increase of the metal trace elements concentration in the leaf, while the content of chlorophyll and the nitrogen balance index decrease, which could be linked to the phenomenon of senescence; iii) an ability of the chicory to reduce the bioavailable pool of the three metal trace elements studied, in particular for Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Guérin
- Univ. Lille, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Artois, JUNIA, ULR 4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France; JUNIA, Health and Environment, Laboratory of Sustainable Chemistry and Health, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Alina Ghinet
- JUNIA, Health and Environment, Laboratory of Sustainable Chemistry and Health, F-59000, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, F-59000, Lille, France; Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, 'Alexandru Ioan Cuza' University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, nr. 11, 700506, Iasi, Romania
| | - Christophe Waterlot
- Univ. Lille, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Artois, JUNIA, ULR 4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France.
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Mensah AK, Marschner B, Antoniadis V, Stemn E, Shaheen SM, Rinklebe J. Human health risk via soil ingestion of potentially toxic elements and remediation potential of native plants near an abandoned mine spoil in Ghana. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149272. [PMID: 34333437 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Integrated studies about potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in sites near gold mining spoils, their contamination and human health risk, as well as remediation potential of native plants are limited. Therefore, our aim was to assess the human health risk of PTEs (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Ti, V, and Zn) in sites near an abandoned gold mine spoil in Ghana. We collected 52 soil samples near the mine spoil and from a natural forest, determined their total element contents, and calculated the soil contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and the pollution load index (PLI). In addition, we calculated the human health risk of soil ingestion for adult males, females, and children using the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI). We also assessed the phytoremediation potential of five native plants (Alchornea cordifolia, Chromolaena odorata, Lantana camara, Pityrogramma calomelanos- fern, and Pueraria montana) growing near the mine spoil, and calculated their transfer coefficient (TC) and translocation factor (TF). Total content of As (maximum: 3144.0 mg/kg) surpassed the trigger action value of 65 mg/kg. Total Zn content at 90th percentile in the Pueraria field (197 mg/kg) and maximum value at mine surrounding (76.7 mg/kg) were above the world soil average (70 mg/kg). Pollution load index and EF values indicated severe levels of soil contamination particularly with As and Ti. Hazard index (HI) values for all sites for children (0.7-134.56), adult males (0.05-10.6), and adult females (0.13-12.77) were above 1 and indicated high human health risk especially on children and women. Translocation factor shows that native plant species such as Chromolaena odorata and fern accumulated As, Cu, Ti, and Zn into their shoots and may thus have the potential to reduce the high soil contamination and its associated human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Kobina Mensah
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Ecology, Institute of Geography, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universität Strasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany..
| | - Bernd Marschner
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Ecology, Institute of Geography, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universität Strasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany..
| | - Vasileios Antoniadis
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Greece
| | - Eric Stemn
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, University of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa, Ghana.
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33 516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Seoul, Republic of Korea; International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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19
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Extracellular Polymeric Substances Facilitate the Adsorption and Migration of Cu 2+ and Cd 2+ in Saturated Porous Media. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111715. [PMID: 34827713 PMCID: PMC8615540 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in groundwater is a serious environmental problem. Many microorganisms that survive in subsurface porous media also produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), but little is known about the effect of these EPS on the fate and transport of heavy metals in aquifers. In this study, EPS extracted from soil with a steam method were used to study the adsorption behaviors of Cu2+ and Cd2+, employing quartz sand as a subsurface porous medium. The results showed that EPS had a good adsorption capacity for Cu2+ (13.5 mg/g) and Cd2+ (14.1 mg/g) that can be viewed using the Temkin and Freundlich models, respectively. At a pH value of 6.5 ± 0.1 and a temperature of 20 °C, EPS showed a greater affinity for Cu2+ than for Cd2+. The binding force between EPS and quartz sand was weak. The prior saturation of the sand media with EPS solution can significantly promote the migration of the Cu2+ and Cd2+ in sand columns by 8.8% and 32.1%, respectively. When treating both metals simultaneously, the migration of Cd2+ was found to be greater than that of Cu2+. This also demonstrated that EPS can promote the co-migration of Cu2+ and Cd2+ in saturated porous media.
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20
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Wang HZ, Cai LM, Wang S, Hu GC, Chen LG. A comprehensive exploration on pollution characteristics and health risks of potentially toxic elements in indoor dust from a large Cu smelting area, Central China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:57569-57581. [PMID: 34091847 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14724-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale smelting activities release large amounts of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in fine particles. These particles floating in the air eventually settle on leaves, roads, and even indoors. In smelting areas, indoor environments are generally considered relatively safe. However, these areas are not taken seriously and need to be assessed. This paper systematically studied pollution characteristics, main sources and health risks of ten potentially toxic elements, PTEs (Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Hg, Cd, As, Cr, Pb, and Tl), of dust samples from different indoor environments in smelting areas using various methods. Therefore, this study analyzed dust samples from 35 indoor environments. The enrichment factors showed that the indoor dust samples were extremely enriched by Cd and Cu and significantly enriched by Hg, Pb, As, and Zn. The result of the spatial distribution showed that the high-value PTEs were mainly distributed near the Cu smeltery. Three sources were quantitatively assigned for these PTEs, and they were industrial smelting and traffic activities (44.40%), coal-fired activities (18.11%), and natural existence (37.49%). Based on the calculation of health risk, the value of THI for children was 7.57, indicating a significant non-carcinogenic risk. For carcinogenic risk, the values of TCR for children and adults were 2.91×10-2 and 2.97×10-3, respectively, which were much higher than the acceptable risk value 1×10-4. Combining health risk assessment with source discrimination, we found that the industrial discharges and traffic activities were the most main source of non-cancer and cancer risks. Therefore, smelting activities should be more strictly monitored, and traffic emission management should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China
| | - Li-Mei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China.
- Center for Environmental Health Research, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou, 510535, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Guo-Cheng Hu
- Center for Environmental Health Research, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou, 510535, China.
| | - Lai-Guo Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou, 510655, China
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Rubinos DA, Jerez Ó, Forghani G, Edraki M, Kelm U. Geochemical stability of potentially toxic elements in porphyry copper-mine tailings from Chile as linked to ecological and human health risks assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:57499-57529. [PMID: 34089446 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The geochemical stability, in terms of potential mobility and derived ecological and human health risks of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), of diverse fresh and old porphyry Cu-mine tailings from Chile was assessed through an integrated methodology comprising four interrelated investigation levels: (1) chemical composition and contamination degree of tailings by PTEs, (2) mineralogical characterization by X-ray diffraction and quantitative automated mineralogy analysis by scanning electron microscopy (QEMSCAN®), (3) partitioning and potential mobility of PTEs within the tailings by a sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and leaching tests, and (4) ecological risk assessment (ERA) and human health risk assessment (HHRA). According to pollution indices, Cu, As, Pb, and Mo are most concerning PTEs present in the tailings. SEP shows that major portion of the PTEs are strongly fixed as residual fraction, and thus are poorly mobilizable and bioavailable. Among the PTEs, Cu, As, and Mo were identified as the PTEs most prone to mobilization. Leaching tests show that a low fraction of PTEs is water-leachable. Seawater enhances Mn and As leaching, while process water increases the leaching of Cu, Mn, and Mo. Phosphate particularly promotes leaching of As and Cu, whereas it does not mobilize or even immobilize Pb in the tailings. ERA suggests that mainly old tailings pose a very high potential risk for ecological receptors (PERI = 663-3356), mostly due to Cu and As. HHRA indicates that the old tailings pose higher potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks, while the risk decreases in the order ingestion > dermal > inhalation for both children and adults. Non carcinogenic and carcinogenic HHRA points to As as the main PTE of concern via ingestion pathway in the tailings. Overall, the results revealed that particularly old tailings, containing mixed slag-tailings, pose considerable risks to the environment and human health due to potential PTEs mobilization and this aspect requires scrutiny for proper tailings management, including storage, sealing, and eventual tailings reprocessing and/or site rehabilitation after closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Rubinos
- Sustainable Minerals Institute-International Centre of Excellence Chile (SMI-ICE Chile), The University of Queensland, Australia. Av. Apoquindo 2929, 3rd Floor Of. 301, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Óscar Jerez
- Instituto de Geología Económica Aplicada (GEA), University of Concepción, Chile. Barrio Universitario S/N, Concepción, Chile
| | - Giti Forghani
- Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Mansour Edraki
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Level 5, Sir James Foots Building (47A), St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ursula Kelm
- Instituto de Geología Económica Aplicada (GEA), University of Concepción, Chile. Barrio Universitario S/N, Concepción, Chile
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Lu Z, Qi X, Zhu X, Li X, Li K, Wang H. Highly effective remediation of high-arsenic wastewater using red mud through formation of AlAsO 4@silicate precipitate. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117484. [PMID: 34153609 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-arsenic wastewater derived from the metallurgical industry of nonferrous minerals is one of the most dangerous arsenic (As) sources that usually follow the emission of massive hazardous arsenic-bearing wastes. Considering the properties of red mud (RM), we propose an alternative and environmentally friendly method for the efficient remediation of high-arsenic wastewater using RM through formation of AlAsO4@silicate precipitate, aiming at ''zero-emission of hazardous solid waste''. The results show nearly 100% of arsenic could be stepwisely removed from high-arsenic wastewater and reduce the arsenic concentration from 6100 mg/L to 40 μg/L using RM at room temperature. The highest arsenic removal capacity of RM reaches 101.5 mg/g at a RM-to-wastewater ratio of 40 g/L due to the superior arsenic adsorption and the co-precipitation of arsenate and Al3+ to form insoluble aluminum arsenate. The silicate shell of arsenic-loaded RM created at an alkaline condition acts as an arsenic stabilizer, resulting in a leached arsenic concentration of 1.2 mg/L in TCLP tests. RM acts as a highly effective arsenic remover and stabilizer for the disposal of high-arsenic wastewater. It shows great potential for the remediation of wastewater containing heavy metals with varying concentrations to produce clean water available for industrial purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Xianjin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Xing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China.
| | - Xuezhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Kongzhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
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Sikakwe GU, Anam G, Ilaumo BU. Risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in stream sediments around granite quarries, barite mines, and cultivation areas, Southeastern Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:709. [PMID: 34625850 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the contamination of streams with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in sediments around mining, quarrying, and cultivation areas in Akamkpa and environs Southeastern Nigeria. Analysis done using ICP MS technique shows that barium (Ba) and lead (Pb) recorded mean concentrations above their average shale content (ASC) in stream sediments. Chromium (Cr) exceeded Canadian Interim Sediment Quality Guideline (ISQG) and US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) screening benchmark value. Pb exceeded Canadian ISQG value but tallies with USEPA benchmark value. Pearson's correlation exhibited significant correlation (p < 0.01) of molybdenum (Mo) with copper (Cu) and Pb; Cu with Pb, vanadium (V), and Ba; V with Cu, Pb, iron (Fe), Ba, and beryllium (Be); and Fe with Be and V. Principal component (PC 1) consists of Pb, Mo, cobalt (Co), Cu, arsenic (As), Cr, V, and nickel (Ni) and showed significant correlation. Geo accumulation index (I-geo) values for Mo, Cu, V, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn, and Ba fall under unpolluted (0) to moderately polluted (1-2) classes. Maximum enrichment factor (EF) values show extremely high and significant enrichment of Ba and Pb in few locations. Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Zn possess maximum EF values classified as moderate enrichment. Ni, Mo, As, and V obtained maximum EF values classified as depleted to minimal enrichment. Modified pollution index (MPI) values showed high PTEs contamination in mostly cultivation locations. Single element potential ecological risk (EiR) mean values trend EiR (As) > EiR (Pb) > EiR (Co) > EiR (Cr) > EiR (Cu) > EiR (V) > EiR (Ni) > EiR (Zn). Comprehensive potential ecological risk (RI) shows medium risk "B" and strong risk "C" levels in few locations. The use of multiple pollution indices such as I-geo, EF, EiR, and RI in pollution assessment indicated similar trend of PTEs contamination of stream sediments. Levels of PTEs contamination are elevated in cultivation areas more than in granite quarrying and mining areas. This study serves as a benchmark for conducting suitable environmental management strategies to scientists in Nigeria and other parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Udie Sikakwe
- Department of Geology/Geophysics, Faculty of Science Alex, Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, P.M.B, Ebonyi State, 1010, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
| | - Gift Anam
- Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Cross, River University of Technology (CRUTECH), Calabar, Nigeria
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Laffray X, Toulaïb K, Balland-Bolou-Bi C, Bagard M, Leitao L, Huguenot D, Alphonse V, Abbad-Andaloussi S, Livet A, Bousserrhine N, Leymarie J, Repellin A. Evaluation of trace metal accumulation in six vegetable crops intercropped with phytostabilizing plant species, in a French urban wasteland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:56795-56807. [PMID: 34076815 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14512-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The extensive development of agriculture in urban and peri-urban wastelands polluted with several trace elements (TE) poses risks to human health through contaminated food products. The objective was to explore the accumulation of TE in the various parts of vegetable crop plants (tomato, French bean, radish, potato, spinach, and leek) intercropped with phytostabilizing plant species (ryegrass and white clover, respectively). Field studies were conducted in a multicontaminated French urban wasteland with Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, and an alkaline soil pH. Analyses of the respective non-edible parts of monocultured vegetable crops showed accumulation of all TE, mostly Zn, then Pb and Cu, and finally Cd. The corresponding TE accumulation factors (soil to plant) were all below 0.25. In the edible parts, average concentrations for TE were above the limit values, according to European and Chinese standards. TE contents in the phytostabilizing species chosen were in the same orders of magnitude and the same ranking as described for vegetable crops and most accumulation was in the roots. Unexpectedly, the presence of the phytostabilizing plants had a very strong positive impact on the soil to plant accumulation factor. Moreover, the edible plant parts were poorly impacted by the co-cropping with phytostabilizing plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Laffray
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES Paris), Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, IEES, F-94010, Creteil, France
| | - Kamal Toulaïb
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES Paris), Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, IEES, F-94010, Creteil, France
| | - Clarisse Balland-Bolou-Bi
- Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), UMR MA 102 - Université Paris Est Creteil, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France.
| | - Matthieu Bagard
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES Paris), Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, IEES, F-94010, Creteil, France
| | - Luis Leitao
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES Paris), Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, IEES, F-94010, Creteil, France
| | - David Huguenot
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), EA 4508, Université Gustave Eiffel, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Vanessa Alphonse
- Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), UMR MA 102 - Université Paris Est Creteil, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Samir Abbad-Andaloussi
- Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), UMR MA 102 - Université Paris Est Creteil, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Alexandre Livet
- Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), UMR MA 102 - Université Paris Est Creteil, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Noureddine Bousserrhine
- Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), UMR MA 102 - Université Paris Est Creteil, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Juliette Leymarie
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES Paris), Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, IEES, F-94010, Creteil, France
| | - Anne Repellin
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES Paris), Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, IEES, F-94010, Creteil, France
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Response of Three Miscanthus × giganteus Cultivars to Toxic Elements Stress: Part 1, Plant Defence Mechanisms. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102035. [PMID: 34685846 PMCID: PMC8538925 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Miscanthus × giganteus demonstrated good phytostabilization potentials in toxic element (TE) contaminated soils. However, information about its tolerance to elevated concentrations is still scarce. Therefore, an ex-situ pot experiment was launched using three cultivars (termed B, U, and A) grown in soils with a gradient Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations. Control plants were also cultivated in non-contaminated soil. Results show that the number of tillers per plant, stem diameter as well as leaf photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) were negatively impacted by soil contamination. On the other hand, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, and anthocyanins levels along with the antioxidant enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase increased in the plants grown on contaminated soils. Altogether, these data demonstrate that miscanthus is impacted by concentrations of toxic elements yet is able to tolerate high levels of soil contamination. These results may contribute to clarifying the miscanthus tolerance strategy against high contamination levels and its efficiency in phytoremediation.
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Zhang T, Zhang Y, Li W, Wang L, Jiao Y, Wang Y, Jiang D, Gao X. Occurrence and dietary exposure of heavy metals in marketed vegetables and fruits of Shandong Province, China. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5166-5173. [PMID: 34532025 PMCID: PMC8441287 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The contamination of heavy metals in vegetables and fruits is a serious threat to food safety and human health. The present study was designed to investigate the occurrence and dietary exposure of lead (Pb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) in vegetables and fruits in Shandong Province, China. Results demonstrated that the mean level of total heavy metals was 30.25 µg/kg. The most frequently found heavy metal was Cd (69.2%) with a mean value of 11.54 µg/kg. The mean exposure values of Pb, As, Cd, and Hg in vegetables were 0.052, 0.045, 0.038, and 2.40 × 10-3 µg/kg bw/day, respectively. Moreover, the calculated hazard quotient (HQ) values of mean levels for these four heavy metals were all less than 1, indicating the health risk of heavy metal exposure caused by vegetable consumption was low. This study has displayed baseline information on heavy metal contamination in vegetables and fruits, which can provide useful data support for the formulation of relevant standards and government management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianran Zhang
- Department of Physical and Chemical InspectionSchool of Public HealthCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanP. R. China
- Department of Physical and Chemical TestingShandong Center for Food Safety Risk AssessmentShandong Center for Disease Control and PreventionJinanP. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical ExaminationShandong Medical CollegeJinanP. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Physical and Chemical TestingShandong Center for Food Safety Risk AssessmentShandong Center for Disease Control and PreventionJinanP. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Physical and Chemical TestingShandong Center for Food Safety Risk AssessmentShandong Center for Disease Control and PreventionJinanP. R. China
| | - Yanni Jiao
- Department of Physical and Chemical TestingShandong Center for Food Safety Risk AssessmentShandong Center for Disease Control and PreventionJinanP. R. China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Physical and Chemical InspectionSchool of Public HealthCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanP. R. China
| | - Dafeng Jiang
- Department of Physical and Chemical TestingShandong Center for Food Safety Risk AssessmentShandong Center for Disease Control and PreventionJinanP. R. China
| | - Xibao Gao
- Department of Physical and Chemical InspectionSchool of Public HealthCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanP. R. China
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Atikpo E, Okonofua ES, Uwadia NO, Michael A. Health risks connected with ingestion of vegetables harvested from heavy metals contaminated farms in Western Nigeria. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07716. [PMID: 34409181 PMCID: PMC8361276 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn) and chromium (Cr) in soils and vegetables; and the consequent health risks connected with ingestion of the vegetables was conducted at Agbabu farm (F) settlement close to bitumen mining area of Ondo State, Nigeria. Soil and eleven vegetables were sampled from ten farms (Fs) and analyzed for Pb, Cd, Zn and Cr concentrations. Health risk parameters such as daily intake of metal (DIM), health risk index (HRI), target health quotient (THQ), and total diet target health quotient (TTHQ) were evaluated. Except Cd, other metals in soils were below their respective maximum allowable concentrations (MACs) set for agro soils. Only Cd and Pb were higher in vegetables than their respective MACs. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of the metals were higher in Talinum triangulare but lower for Cd, Zn, Cr and Pb in Solanum macrocarpon, Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimum gratissimum, and Taraxacum officinale respectively. DIMs of Cd, Zn and Pb for adults and children were higher than 0.0035, 0.001 and 0.300 mg/kg/day respective values of oral reference doses (RfD). The DIMs of Cr ingestion by children were above the RfD of Cr for all vegetables, while DIMs of ingesting Cr by adults were above Cr RfD for some vegetables. The (HRI >1) for Pb, Cd and Zn; (THQ >1) for Pb, Cd; and (TTHQ >1) indicated health risks in connection with the ingestion of these vegetables. These health risks were higher for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eguakhide Atikpo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Delta State University, Oleh Campus, PMB 1, Delta State, Nigeria
| | | | - Nicholas Omougbo Uwadia
- ICT/Planning Department, National Center for Energy and Environment, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Amaka Michael
- Department of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
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Lidiková J, Čeryová N, Šnirc M, Musilová J, Harangozo Ľ, Vollmannová A, Brindza J, Grygorieva O. Heavy Metals Presence in the Soil and Their Content in Selected Varieties of Chili Peppers in Slovakia. Foods 2021; 10:1738. [PMID: 34441516 PMCID: PMC8391582 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsicum chili peppers are popular vegetables in Slovakia. They provide a supply of health-promoting substances, but contaminated vegetables can pose a serious health risk to the people who consume them. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the content of heavy metals (Mn, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb and Hg) in the soil as well as in selected varieties of the genus Capsicum grown in southern Slovakia. The results were compared with the limit values given by the Law no. 220/2004 (valid in the SR) as well as threshold values proposed by the European Commission (EC) (2006). The gained result showed that the total content of Cd (1.64 mg/kg) as well as the available mobile forms of Cd (0.12 mg/kg) and Pb (0.26 mg/kg) was exceeded on the soil on which Capsicum cultivars were grown. The limit values of other monitored heavy metals (Mn, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Hg) were not exceeded. The studied species of the genus Capsicum did not accumulate monitored heavy metals. It can be stated that consumption of chili peppers does not pose any risk for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judita Lidiková
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (N.Č.); (M.Š.); (J.M.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.)
| | - Natália Čeryová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (N.Č.); (M.Š.); (J.M.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.)
| | - Marek Šnirc
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (N.Č.); (M.Š.); (J.M.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.)
| | - Janette Musilová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (N.Č.); (M.Š.); (J.M.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.)
| | - Ľuboš Harangozo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (N.Č.); (M.Š.); (J.M.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.)
| | - Alena Vollmannová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (N.Č.); (M.Š.); (J.M.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.)
| | - Jan Brindza
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agrobiotechnology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Olga Grygorieva
- Department of Fruit Plants Acclimatisation, National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Timiryazevska 1, 04014 Kyiv, Ukraine;
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Luyckx M, Hausman JF, Blanquet M, Guerriero G, Lutts S. Silicon reduces cadmium absorption and increases root-to-shoot translocation without impacting growth in young plants of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) on a short-term basis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:37963-37977. [PMID: 33728605 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a non-edible multipurpose crop suitable for fiber production and/or phytoremediation on moderately heavy metal-contaminated soils. Experiments were conducted in nutrient solution to assess the short-term impact of silicon (Si), a well-known beneficial element, on plants exposed to 20 μM cadmium (Cd) in nutrient solution. Cd decreased plant growth and affected photosynthesis through non-stomatal effects. Cd translocation factor was higher than 1, confirming the interest of hemp for phytoextraction purposes. Additional Si did not improve plant growth after 1 week of treatment but decreased Cd accumulation in all organs and improved water use efficiency through a decrease in transpiration rate. Si had only marginal impact on Cd distribution among organs. It increased glutathione and phytochelatin synthesis allowing the plants to efficiently cope with oxidative stress through the improvement of Cd sequestration on thiol groups in the roots. Si may thus have a fast impact on the plant behavior before the occurrence of plant growth stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Luyckx
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute (Agronomy), Université catholique de Louvain, 5 (Bte 7.07.13) Place Croix du Sud, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Hautcharage, Luxembourg
| | - Mathilde Blanquet
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute (Agronomy), Université catholique de Louvain, 5 (Bte 7.07.13) Place Croix du Sud, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Hautcharage, Luxembourg
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute (Agronomy), Université catholique de Louvain, 5 (Bte 7.07.13) Place Croix du Sud, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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30
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Nwovu IG, Oluka I, Omaka ON, Oje OA. Risk assessment of the anthropogenic activities (quarrying) and heavy metal profile in mining environment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:417. [PMID: 34120244 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09170-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The need to generate internal revenue by most individuals and government in Nigeria has led to the establishment of quarries in different parts of Ebonyi state of Nigeria. This study was aimed at determining the risk associated with the heavy metal burden in the state. Soil samples from the quarrying environments designated as MS1, MS2, and MS3 were analyzed for the metal profile using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The result showed that the mean concentration of metals which is a representation of the whole sites showed a higher concentration of Ca (40.065 ± 1.011 ppm), Mg (12.450 ± 8.815 ppm), K (16.631 ± 14.670 ppm), and Mn (19.539 ± 3.225 ppm) while Na (1.326 ± 0.117 ppm) was low. The heavy metal profile showed Pb (0.120 ± 0.027 ppm), Fe (27.718 ± 1.523 ppm), Zn (2.227 ± 0.570 ppm), Cu (6.267 ± 1.402 ppm), Ni (1.856 ± 0.472 ppm), Mo (1.758 ± 0.258 ppm), Cd (0.023 ± 0.006 ppm), Cr (0.037 ± 0.011 ppm), etc. Hg was found to be below detectable limit while the Cs was not radioactive. The mean values were found to be lower than the permissible limit of each metal. The pollution index (PI) was calculated for the different sites, and the result reveals that MS3 (0.0426) had a higher PI when compared to MS1 (0.0341) and MS2 (0.0317). Therefore, the PI of the sites showed MS3 > MS1 > MS2. These results showed that the environment is still as safe as PI < 1. The geoaccumulation index also showed a safe environment since its values were less than 0 which means that the environment is practically uncontaminated. Other risk determining parameters showed that the three locations were still within a safe level. Although the results of the study have shown a safe environment, it is still necessary to keep close monitoring of the heavy metal profile of the environment, since these metals can bioaccumulate in living tissues with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Godwin Nwovu
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ike Oluka
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Omaka N Omaka
- Department of Chemistry / Biochemistry / Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo (FUNAI), Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Obinna A Oje
- Department of Chemistry / Biochemistry / Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo (FUNAI), Abakaliki, Nigeria.
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Nsanganwimana F, Al Souki KS, Waterlot C, Douay F, Pelfrêne A, Ridošková A, Louvel B, Pourrut B. Potentials of Miscanthus x giganteus for phytostabilization of trace element-contaminated soils: Ex situ experiment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 214:112125. [PMID: 33714138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytomanagement is proposed as a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly suggestion for sustainable use of large metal-contaminated areas. In the current work, the energy crop miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus) was grown in ex situ conditions on agricultural soils presenting a Cd, Pb and Zn contamination gradient. After 93 days of culture, shoot and root growth parameters were measured. Soils and plants were sampled as well to study the TE accumulation in miscanthus and the effects of this plant on TE mobility in soils. Results demonstrated that miscanthus growth depended more on the soils silt content rather than TE-contamination level. Moreover, soil organic carbon at T93 increased in the soils after miscanthus cultivation by 25.5-45.3%, whereas CaCl2-extractible TEs decreased due to complex rhizosphere processes driving plant mineral uptake, and organic carbon inputs into the rhizosphere. In the contaminated soils, miscanthus accumulated Cd, Pb and Zn mainly in roots (BCF in roots: Cd " Zn > Pb), while strongly reducing the transfer of these elements from soil to all organs and from roots to rhizomes, stems and leaves (average TFs: 0.01-0.06, 0.11-1.15 and 0.09-0.79 corresponding to Cd, Pb and Zn respectively). Therefore, miscanthus could be considered a TE-excluder, hence a potential candidate crop for coupling phytostabilization and biomass production on the studied Metaleurop TE-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florien Nsanganwimana
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille-Junia, 48 boulevard Vauban, 59046 Lille Cedex, France; University of Rwanda-College of Education (UR-CE), KG 11 Ave, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Karim Suhail Al Souki
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille-Junia, 48 boulevard Vauban, 59046 Lille Cedex, France; Department of Technical Sciences, Jan Evangelista Purkyne University in Usti nad Labem, Pasteurova 3632/15, 400 96 Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Christophe Waterlot
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille-Junia, 48 boulevard Vauban, 59046 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Francis Douay
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille-Junia, 48 boulevard Vauban, 59046 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Aurélie Pelfrêne
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille-Junia, 48 boulevard Vauban, 59046 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Andrea Ridošková
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Brice Louvel
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille-Junia, 48 boulevard Vauban, 59046 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Bertrand Pourrut
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille-Junia, 48 boulevard Vauban, 59046 Lille Cedex, France; Laboratoire Ecologie fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Zhi M, Zhang X, Zhang K, Ussher SJ, Lv W, Li J, Gao J, Luo Y, Meng F. The characteristics of atmospheric particles and metal elements during winter in Beijing: Size distribution, source analysis, and environmental risk assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 211:111937. [PMID: 33476848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the pollution characteristics of size-segregated particles and metal elements (MEs) after the Chinese Air Pollution Prevention Action Plan was released in 2013, an intensive field campaign was conducted in the suburban area of Chaoyang District, Beijing in winter 2016. The size distributions of particle mass concentrations were bimodal, with the first peak in the fine fraction (0.4-2.1 µm) and the second peak in the coarse fraction (3.3-5.8 µm). Moreover, the proportion of fine particles increased and the proportion of coarse particles decreased as the pollution level was more elevated. It was found that the composition of coarse particles is as important as that of fine particles when pollution of aerosol metals in the atmosphere in 2016 were compared to 2013. In addition, according to the size distribution characteristics, 23 MEs were divided into three groups: (a) Fe, Co, Sr, Al, Ti, Ba, and U, which concentrated in coarse mode; (b) Zn, As, Cd, Tl, and Pb, which concentrated in fine mode; and (c) Na, K, Be, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and Sn, showing bimodal distribution. Under clean air, slight pollution and moderate pollution conditions, most elements maintained their original size distributions, while under severe pollution, the unimodal distributions of most MEs became bimodal distributions. The factors analysis combined with size distributions indicated that Na, Zn, Mo, Ag, Cd, and Tl, showing the moderate to severe contamination on environment, were significantly influenced by diffuse regional emissions or anthropogenic source emissions (vehicle exhaust emissions and combustion process). The environmental risk assessment revealed that the heavy metal loading in the atmospheric particles collected had a high potential for ecological risk to the environment during sampling period because of the high contribution of Cd, Tl, Zn and Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkang Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Simon J Ussher
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Wenli Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yuqian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Hazardous Heavy Metals Accumulation and Health Risk Assessment of Different Vegetable Species in Contaminated Soils from a Typical Mining City, Central China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052617. [PMID: 33807858 PMCID: PMC7967305 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal poisoning has caused serious and widespread human tragedies via the food chain. To alleviate heavy metal pollution, particular attention should be paid to low accumulating vegetables and crops. In this study, the concentrations of five hazardous heavy metals (HMs), including copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) were determined from soils, vegetables, and crops near four typical mining and smelting zones. Nemerow’s synthetical pollution index (Pn), Potential ecological risk index (RI), and Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) were used to characterize the pollution degrees. The results showed that soils near mining and metal smelting zones were heavily polluted by Cu, Cd, As, and Pb. The total excessive rate followed a decreasing order of Cd (80.00%) > Cu (61.11%) > As (45.56%) > Pb (32.22%) > Cr (0.00%). Moreover, sources identification indicated that Cu, Pb, Cd, and As may originate from anthropogenic activities, while Cr may originate from parent materials. The exceeding rates of Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd, and As were 6.7%, 6.7%, 66.7%, 80.0%, and 26.7% among the vegetable and crop species, respectively. Particularly, vegetables like tomatoes, bell peppers, white radishes, and asparagus, revealed low accumulation characteristics. In addition, the hazard index (HI) for vegetables and crops of four zones was greater than 1, revealing a higher risk to the health of local children near the mine and smelter. However, the solanaceous fruit has a low-risk index (HI), indicating that it is a potentially safe vegetable type.
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Gyamfi O, Sørensen PB, Darko G, Ansah E, Vorkamp K, Bak JL. Contamination, exposure and risk assessment of mercury in the soils of an artisanal gold mining community in Ghana. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:128910. [PMID: 33223211 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mercury pollution has pervaded many artisanal gold mining communities in the world, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the potential risk of mercury pollution in soils in Gbani, an artisanal gold mining community in Ghana. Two hundred and thirty-seven soil samples were collected from within 0-10 cm depth, from active mining sites near residences, two transects in the community, waste soil from mining processing and the surroundings of the community. The measured mean mercury soil concentrations were 71 mg Hg/kg in active mining sites, and more moderate (2.7 mg Hg/kg) along transects through the community. Enrichment Factors classified the soils of the study area as being moderately to extremely severely contaminated with mercury. The spatial distribution shows the contamination of mercury is highest at residential facilities and decreases through the community to the outskirts covered by vegetation. Hazard quotients for non-cancer effects identified air-borne exposure pathways for humans to pose the largest risk, including the inhalation of vapour. The average hazard indices recorded were 0.5 (child) and 0.1 (adult) at the grid, 2 (child) and 0.3 (adult) at the transects, 1.6 (child) and 0.2 (adult) for waste soil and 76 (child) and 10.9 (adult) at the mining sites. The inhabitants of Gbani community are therefore at risk of non-cancer effects of mercury as the hazard quotients and hazard index were above one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opoku Gyamfi
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | | | - Godfred Darko
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Eugene Ansah
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Katrin Vorkamp
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jesper Leth Bak
- Institute of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
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Kang MJ, Yu S, Jeon SW, Jung MC, Kwon YK, Lee PK, Chae G. Mobility of metal(loid)s in roof dusts and agricultural soils surrounding a Zn smelter: Focused on the impacts of smelter-derived fugitive dusts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143884. [PMID: 33321339 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The mobility of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, and As was assessed in an atmospheric environment and soil system near a Zn smelter by performing sequential extraction as well as Pb isotopic and mineralogical analyses for fugitive and roof dusts and agricultural soils. Transmission electron microscopy observations with selected area electron diffraction patterns confirmed that micron-sized roof dusts originated from the Zn smelter. Both fugitive and roof dusts contained zincite, massicot, franklinite, anglesite, and willemite. The sequential extraction of the fugitive dust from the Zn smelter stacks showed that Zn, Cd, and Pb were predominantly bound to the exchangeable (FI), carbonate (FII), and reducible (FIII) fractions, whereas Cu and As were significantly associated with the residual (FV) fraction and had low mobility. The estimation of remobilized concentrations of Zn, Cd, and Pb bound to labile fractions (FI and FII) in the fugitive dust implied their severe environmental and human health risks. In contrast, the studied metal(loid)s in the roof dust had low mobility except for Pb, implying the insignificant risks of roof dusts, although anthropogenic dusts from the Zn smelter significantly impacted FV as well as the non-residual fractions based on the Pb isotopic compositions of geochemical fractions. Similarly, the mobility and bioavailability of the studied metal(loid)s were low in agricultural soils, except for Cd, suggesting a low adverse effect on crops cultivated in the soil. The decrease in labile Cd fractions with depth indicated that the agricultural soil did not retain anthropogenic Cd in the soil subsurface. The mineralogical investigation combined with sequential extraction revealed that the different mobility of Zn, Cd, and Pb between fugitive dusts, roof dusts and agricultural soils resulted from the different solubility of metal-bearing minerals, e.g., zincite, willemite, simonkolleite which were not detected in the residuals of the fugitive dust collected after FIII extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ju Kang
- Department of Environmental Safety Diagnosis, HQ of Western Metropolitan Area, Korea Environment Corporation, 8F Gangseo IT Valley, 82 Hwagok-ro 68-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07566, Republic of Korea; Department of Geoenvironmental Sciences, Kongju National University, Chungcheongnamdo, 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonyoung Yu
- Korea-CO(2) Storage Environmental Management (K-COSEM) Research Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Won Jeon
- Department of Energy & Mineral Resources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Chae Jung
- Department of Energy & Mineral Resources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Kyun Kwon
- Department of Geoenvironmental Sciences, Kongju National University, Chungcheongnamdo, 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyeong-Koo Lee
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahang-no, Yusung-gu, Taejon 34132, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gitak Chae
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahang-no, Yusung-gu, Taejon 34132, Republic of Korea
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Bloor JM, Handy RD, Awan SA, Jenkins DFL. Graphene oxide biopolymer aerogels for the removal of lead from drinking water using a novel nano-enhanced ion exchange cascade. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111422. [PMID: 33091776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Potable water in developing countries often contains levels of toxic metals that exceed the recommended international limits, with impacts on human health. The aim of the present study was to develop a low cost aerogel synthesised from graphene oxide (GO) cross-linked with alginate to remove Pb2+ from potable water. Aerogels were made by a sol-gel of the composite materials followed by a freeze drying method. The shape of the aerogels were 50 mm diameter disks, 5 mm deep and characterised by an open porous network of 50 to 150 micrometres which are mechanically robust upon hydration. Firstly, the study was conducted using a batch adsorption method from a starting concentration 0.48 mM (100 mg/l) of Pb2+ in ultrapure water over 240 min, n = 4 with controls. A second series of experiments compared the adsorption of different competing ions at different valencies (Na+, Ca2+, Cu2+, La3+) in an equivalent media. A third series of experiments explored Pb2+ desorption from the aerogel at low pH and in highly acidic conditions. This simple filter system, based on a batch adsorption methodology expresses a high affinity for Pb2+ resulting in an ultra-high mean maximum adsorption capacity of 504 mg/g of Pb2+ within 240 mins at pH 5. The aerogel can also adsorb other toxic metal salts such as La3+ and Cu2+ with a capacity of 146 and 193 mg/g respectively. Furthermore, the aerogel structure can be acid washed removing 98% of the Pb2+ from the structure within three minutes. Overall, the data shows that GO alginate aerogels are highly effective at removing Pb2+ from water and the primary mechanism involved is ion exchange, although other phenomenon such as proton tunnelling may be a contributing factor to the ultra-high efficiency of the aerogel for Pb2+ remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Bloor
- School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA.
| | - R D Handy
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA
| | - S A Awan
- School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA
| | - D F L Jenkins
- School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA
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Induced changes of pyrolysis temperature on the physicochemical traits of sewage sludge and on the potential ecological risks. Sci Rep 2021; 11:974. [PMID: 33441664 PMCID: PMC7806628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79658-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochar from sewage sludge is a low-cost sorbent that may be used for several environmental functions. This study evaluates the induced effects of pyrolysis temperature on the physicochemical characteristics of sewage sludge (SS) biochar produced at 350 (SSB350), 450 (SSB450) and 600 (SSB600), based on the metal enrichment index, metal mobility index (MMI), and potential ecological risk index (PERI) of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Increased pyrolysis temperature reduced the biochar concentration of elements that are lost as volatile compounds (C, N, H, O, and S), while the concentration of stable aromatic carbon, ash, alkalinity, some macro (Ca, Mg, P2O5, and K2O) and micronutrients (Cu and Zn), and toxic elements such as Pb and Cd increased. Increasing the pyrolysis temperature is also important in the transformation of metals from toxic and available forms into more stable potentially available and non-available forms. Based on the individual potential ecological risk index, Cd in the SS and SSB450 were in the moderate and considerable contamination ranges, respectively. For all pyrolysis temperature biochar Cd was the highest metal contributor to the PERI. Despite this, the potential ecological risk index of the SS and SSBs was graded as low.
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Comparative Effects of Organic and Conventional Cropping Systems on Trace Elements Contents in Vegetable Brassicaceae: Risk Assessment. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11020707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genotypes selected from 3 plant species (Brassica rapa, Eruca vesicaria and Sinapis alba) belonging to the Brassicaceae family were chosen to compare the concentrations of 9 inorganic elements (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn) in these varieties, that were grown under both conventional and organic conditions during two agricultural seasons (2018/2019 and 2019/2020) on two different experimental farms (Farm I and Farm II). We found that, together with agriculture practices, the inorganic element concentrations in Brassicas depended on many other factors, including soil characteristics. However, there were no conclusive results indicating a lower heavy metal content or a higher nutritionally beneficial trace elements content in vegetables grown under organic agriculture. Finally, a probabilistic assessment (@Risk) derived from the consumption of 150–200 g of these vegetables showed that organic Brassicas fulfill in comparison with the conventional ones, similar Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) percentages for Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. Regarding heavy metals (Cd, Ni and Pb), we only found slight differences (mainly in the case of Pb) in the Tolerable Intakes (TI) between both cropping systems.
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Kumar A, Maleva M, Kiseleva I, Maiti SK, Morozova M. Toxic metal(loid)s contamination and potential human health risk assessment in the vicinity of century-old copper smelter, Karabash, Russia. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:4113-4124. [PMID: 31520319 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Active smelters release high concentration of multiple toxic metal(loid)s into the environment, degrading the soil cover and posing high risks to human health. The present study investigates Cu along with other metal(loids) such as As, Cd, Hg, Co, Mn, Pb and Zn in the soil collected from the vicinity of Cu smelter, Karabash, Russia, and potential health risks to local children and adults were assessed. The average concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Cd, and Hg in the exposed soil were 2698, 1050, 702, 392, 9 and 2 mg kg-1, respectively, which was significantly (p < 0.05) much higher than reference soil: Cu(107), As(18), Cd(0.3), Hg(0.2), Pb(54) and Zn(125) mg kg-1. The enrichment factor (EF) for Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn showed significant enrichment, whereas very high enrichment was recorded for As (20.0) and Cd (27.6) suggesting the soil was severely affected by smelting activities. The pollution load index was tenfold higher than the acceptable level of one, whereas potential ecological risk factor showed very high potential risks of Cd and Hg, along with a considerable ecological risk of As and Cu. Very high ecological risk index of 1810 indicates severe degradation of environmental ecosystem. The results of EF, Pearson correlation and principle component analysis were complementary and suggest the anthropogenic source of contamination for Cu, As, Pb, Hg and Cd. The present result suggests As > Pb > Cu in the exposed soil were the major contributors for the health risks and account for 81%, 12% and 5%, and 77%, 12% and 8% of hazard quotient for children and adults, respectively. Noticeably, the health risks to local children dwelling in the vicinity of Cu smelter were 12 and 20 times higher than to adult and the acceptable level of one, respectively. Therefore, in order to reduce the health risk due to metal(loid)s, mitigation measures are needed to remediate the pollution of the exposed soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia, 620002
| | - Maria Maleva
- Department of Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia, 620002
| | - Irina Kiseleva
- Department of Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia, 620002
| | - Subodh Kumar Maiti
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Center of Mining Environment, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Maria Morozova
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia, 620002
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Sihlahla M, Mouri H, Nomngongo PN. Assessment of bioavailability and mobility of major and trace elements in agricultural soils collected in Port St Johns, Eastern Cape, South Africa using single extraction procedures and pseudo-total digestion. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:1615-1628. [PMID: 33312666 PMCID: PMC7721779 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of ultrasound assisted single extraction and pseudo-total digestion procedures to investigate the bioavailability and mobility of major and trace elements collected from agricultural soil collected in Mzimvubu farmstead area located in Port St Johns, Eastern Cape Province (South Africa). MATERIALS AND METHODS The potential metal availability was assessed using complexing agent (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)), mild (cacium chloride (CaCl2) and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3)), deionized water and acidic (CH3COOH) extractants with the assistance of ultrasound to evaluate mobility and bioavailability of metals. The ultrasound radiation was used to assist the single extraction of major and trace metals from agricultural soils as well shortening the extraction time. The pseudo-total metal content in agricultural soils was obtained using pseudo-total digestion employing aqua-regia. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results obtained using different solvents for single extraction procedures, revealed that higher extraction of Al (256-681 mg kg-1), Fe (172-430 mg kg-1) and Mn (35-136 mg kg-1), was observed compared to other metals. Among the investigated solvents, deionized water, acetic acid and EDTA proved to be the most aggressive extractants. The geo-accumulation index (2-6) and contamination factor (3-6) demonstrated that Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn could pose significant environmental contamination risk. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the high levels of some studied metals was due to anthropogenic activities. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-020-00581-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masixole Sihlahla
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg, 2028 South Africa
| | - Hassina Mouri
- Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, APK- Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Philiswa N. Nomngongo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg, 2028 South Africa
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa
- DSI/NRF SARChI Chair: Nanotechnology for Water, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028 South Africa
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41
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Xing W, Yang H, Ippolito JA, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Scheckel KG, Li L. Atmospheric deposition of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc near an operating and an abandoned lead smelter. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2020; 49:1667-1678. [PMID: 33107090 PMCID: PMC7963641 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric deposition samples were collected over 15 mo at several locations near an operating smelter and an abandoned Pb smelter to investigate the contribution of Pb smelting to depositional fluxes and potential local air quality degradation. Samples were analyzed for As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn and subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Concentrations of Cd and Pb at both sites were greater than at the control site (p < .05), and significant correlations existed between Cd and Pb concentrations at both sites (p < .05). Monthly depositional flux variations at both sites were similar, with greater deposition during cold and dry periods. Heavy metal(loid)s deposition during these periods was correlated with wind speed. Greater Cd depositional flux differences were found between the smelter and control sites compared with other elements. The SEM images suggested that some particles at the operating smelter site were from Pb smelting material. However, most particles at both sites had no characteristics of smelting, suggesting reactions occurred between the smelter-emitted particles and soil components. The EDS results indicated that atmospheric deposition from both sites had lower Pb concentrations than smelting material or ash. The main atmospheric deposition source at the operating and abandoned sites was likely from the resuspension of heavy metal(loid)-enriched soil particles. Greater risk of air pollution from historical Pb smelting facilities exists years after closing down. Reducing soil wind erosional losses may help reduce heavy metal(loid)s dispersion across environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqin Xing
- School of the Environment, Henan Univ. of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of the Environment, Henan Univ. of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - James A. Ippolito
- Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523-1170, USA
| | - Qiang Zhao
- School of the Environment, Henan Univ. of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- School of the Environment, Henan Univ. of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Kirk G. Scheckel
- USEPA, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Liping Li
- School of the Environment, Henan Univ. of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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Bidar G, Pelfrêne A, Schwartz C, Waterlot C, Sahmer K, Marot F, Douay F. Urban kitchen gardens: Effect of the soil contamination and parameters on the trace element accumulation in vegetables - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:139569. [PMID: 32516675 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trace element contaminants in kitchen garden soils can contribute to human exposure through the consumption of homegrown vegetables. In urban areas, these soils can be contaminated to various degrees by trace element (TE). They are characterized by a great variability in their physicochemical parameters due to the high anthropization level, the wide variety and combination of disturbance sources, as well as the diversity of cultivation practices and the large range of contamination levels. Pollutants can be taken up by vegetables cultivated in these soils and be concentrated in their edible parts. In this review, the behavior of vegetables cultivated in contaminated kitchen gardens is assessed through six examples of the most widely cultivated vegetables (lettuce, tomato, bean, carrot, radish, potato). The role of soil parameters that could influence the uptake of As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn by these vegetables is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Bidar
- Yncréa, ULR 4515, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), Lille F- 59000, France.
| | - Aurélie Pelfrêne
- Yncréa, ULR 4515, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), Lille F- 59000, France
| | - Christophe Schwartz
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Christophe Waterlot
- Yncréa, ULR 4515, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), Lille F- 59000, France
| | - Karin Sahmer
- Yncréa, ULR 4515, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), Lille F- 59000, France
| | - Franck Marot
- Agence De l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Direction Villes et Territoires Durables, Services Friches Urbaines et Sites Pollués, 20 Avenue du Grésillé, 49009 Angers Cedex, France
| | - Francis Douay
- Yncréa, ULR 4515, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), Lille F- 59000, France
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43
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Emenike PC, Tenebe IT, Neris JB, Omole DO, Afolayan O, Okeke CU, Emenike IK. An integrated assessment of land-use change impact, seasonal variation of pollution indices and human health risk of selected toxic elements in sediments of River Atuwara, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114795. [PMID: 32531623 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
River sediments contain environmental fingerprints that provide useful ecological information. However, the geochemistry of River Atuwara sediments has received less attention over the years. One hundred and twenty-six sediments from 21 locations were collected over a two-season period from River Atuwara, and a detailed investigation of the land use and land cover (LULC) change between 1990 and 2019, analysis of selected toxic and potentially toxic metal(oid)s (TPTM) (Cu, As, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn, Fe, Co and Al) using ICP-OES, pollution index assessment, potential source identification (using center log-transformation approach), potential ecological, and human health risk assessment were conducted. The results of the LULC change revealed that the built-up area increased by 95.58 km2, at an average rate of 3.186 km2/year over the past 30 years. The mean concentration of metal(oid)s increased in the order of Cd < As < Cr < Pb < Co < Ni < Cu < Zn < Fe < Al, and Cd < As < Cr < Co < Pb < Ni < Cu < Zn < Fe < Al during the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Meanwhile, the statistical analysis of the data spectrum inferred possible contamination from lithological and anthropogenic sources. According to the pollution load index, 90.48% of the sediment samples are polluted by the metal(oid)s. Potential ecological risk assessment identified Ni, As, and Cd as problematic to the ecological community of River Atuwara. Regarding the metal-specific hazard quotient via ingestion route, the risks are in order of Co ≫ As ≫ Pb > Cr > Cd > Al > Ni > Cu > Zn > Fe for both seasons and the carcinogenic risk for children via ingestion route presented a value higher than the safe limits for As, Cd, Cr, and Ni during both seasons. This outcome highlights the need for prompt action towards the restoration of environmental quality for communities surrounding River Atuwara.
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Affiliation(s)
- PraiseGod Chidozie Emenike
- Department of Civil Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Cranfield Water Science Institute, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, MK43 0AL, Bedford, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Jordan Brizi Neris
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Highway Washington Luis Km 235, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Olaniyi Afolayan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.
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Cao S, Chen X, Zhang L, Xing X, Wen D, Wang B, Qin N, Wei F, Duan X. Quantificational exposure, sources, and health risks posed by heavy metals in indoor and outdoor household dust in a typical smelting area in China. INDOOR AIR 2020; 30:872-884. [PMID: 32347976 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of metals in household dust remains a concern for human health. However, few studies to date have been conducted on the contribution of both indoor and outdoor environments to the health risks posed by metals. This study was carried out to assess the potential health risks from both indoor and outdoor household dust and the respective contribution to the health risks for children. The results showed that household dusts were heavily polluted by metal(loid)s, which were up to 30 times higher than the relative background level, and were attributed to smelting activity. However, there are other pollution sources in indoor environments, since the I/O ratio values of Pb, Cd, and As were significantly higher than 1. HI values of Pb and As exceeded the threshold of (1) and accounted for approximately 60% and 24% to the HIt, respectively. The HIts of Zn, Cr, Mn, Hg, and Cu were mainly attributable to indoor dust exposure, particularly for Hg (73.44%), indicating non-carcinogenic health risks could be attributed more to the indoor dust exposure. This study highlights the potential risks of metal contamination in household environment, particularly indoor environment, on the health of children who live in the vicinity of smelting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Cao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Chen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoru Xing
- Institute for Environmental Reference Materials, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing, China
| | - Dongshen Wen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Qin
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Fusheng Wei
- Institute for Environmental Reference Materials, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Duan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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45
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Barakat A, Ennaji W, Krimissa S, Bouzaid M. Heavy metal contamination and ecological-health risk evaluation in peri-urban wastewater-irrigated soils of Beni-Mellal city (Morocco). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2020; 30:372-387. [PMID: 30977689 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1595540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the metal contamination and its detrimental effects in agricultural soils irrigated by wastewater at the region of Béni-Mellal. A set of soil proprieties (texture, pH, EC, OM, CaCO3) and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe) were measured. Soil contamination level and risks were assessed using geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF) and pollution load index (PLI), ecological risk (RI), hazard quotient (HQ), and non-carcinogenic risk (HI) for ingestion exposure. Results showed that mean levels of all metal elements, except Pb, in agricultural soils were higher than the local background values. Igeo, CF and EF indices revealed a moderate to high soil contamination by heavy metals, as confirmed by PLI index suggesting an anthropogenic source of these elements. The RI index indicated a considerable ecological risk, whereas HQ and HI indices suggested no obvious non-carcinogenic risk to adults and non-carcinogenic risk to the children population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Barakat
- GEORE laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan My Slimane University , Béni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Widad Ennaji
- GEORE laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan My Slimane University , Béni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Samira Krimissa
- Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan My Slimane University , Béni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Bouzaid
- Chemistry department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan My Slimane University , Béni-Mellal, Morocco
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46
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Paltseva AA, Cheng Z, Egendorf SP, Groffman PM. Remediation of an urban garden with elevated levels of soil contamination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 722:137965. [PMID: 32208285 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Urban gardening is popular in many cities. However, many urban soils are contaminated and pose risks to human health. This study was conducted in a highly publicized urban garden in Brooklyn, NY with elevated Pb and As levels. Our objectives were to: (1) assess the nature and extent of Pb and As contamination at this site; (2) evaluate the effectiveness of amendments on reducing the bioaccessibility and phytoavailability of Pb and As in soil; and (3) assess the potential exposure of children to Pb and As through direct and indirect exposure pathways. Field surveys of the site revealed that contamination was highly concentrated in one area of the garden associated with fruit tree production. Field plots were established in this area, with three different treatments (bone meal, compost, sulfur) and an unamended control. Bioaccessibility of Pb was significantly reduced by all three treatments compared to the control (33%): bone meal (24%), compost (23%), sulfur (24%). In this study, As bioaccessibility remained high (80-93%) with or without treatments. We found that the effectiveness of soil remediation with amendments is variable and often limited, and contaminated sites can still pose a significant risk to urban gardeners. The results of a simple assessment model suggested that Pb and As exposure was mostly from soil and dust ingestion, rather than vegetable consumption. This work is unique in that it evaluates actual elevated levels of contamination, in actively gardened urban soils, in a highly visible public context. It fills important gaps between basic research and analysis of human exposure to toxic trace metals that can be a constraint on a highly beneficial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Paltseva
- Brooklyn College of The City University of New York, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA; Graduate Center of The City University of New York, PhD Program in Earth and Environmental Sciences, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; RUDN University, Agrarian-Technological Institute, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 6, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation.
| | - Zhongqi Cheng
- Brooklyn College of The City University of New York, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA; Graduate Center of The City University of New York, PhD Program in Earth and Environmental Sciences, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; RUDN University, Agrarian-Technological Institute, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 6, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation.
| | - Sara Perl Egendorf
- Brooklyn College of The City University of New York, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA; Graduate Center of The City University of New York, PhD Program in Earth and Environmental Sciences, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Peter M Groffman
- Brooklyn College of The City University of New York, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA; Graduate Center of The City University of New York, PhD Program in Earth and Environmental Sciences, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA.
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47
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Hu R, Xie J, Wu S, Yang C, Yang D. Study of Toxicity Assessment of Heavy Metals from Steel Slag and Its Asphalt Mixture. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13122768. [PMID: 32570848 PMCID: PMC7344961 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Steel slag has been used widely as an aggregate in road application, but it could pose a contamination risk for the environment due to considerable heavy metals (HMs). To explore the leaching behavior and contamination risk of HMs from steel slag and its asphalt mixture is of great significance. In this study, the physical-chemical features, batch leaching test and semi-dynamic test were conducted to determine the mobility capability and leaching characteristics of HMs. The results show that steel slag presents a low pollution risk in short-term leaching, whereas the cumulative release mass of Cd, Ni, As and Pb are more than or approach the limits, which indicates that steel slag exhibits environment impacts to a certain extent. Steel slag covered with asphalt binder results in As and Cu reduced by 3.64% and 4.83%. Diffusion is the main controlling mechanism of HMs in asphalt mixture and the mobility capability of most HMs were classed as “low mobility” (LI > 8). Asphalt stripping off can aggravate the release potential of HMs from asphalt mixture, but the pollution risk remains controllable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Xie
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-134-7621-1303
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48
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Lee PK, Kang MJ, Yu S, Kwon YK. Assessment of trace metal pollution in roof dusts and soils near a large Zn smelter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:136536. [PMID: 31955082 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The spatial extent of dust emissions from a Zn smelter was assessed based on metal concentrations in roof dust samples. In addition, the vertical mobility of metal loads in soils was assessed from metal concentrations and Pb isotopic compositions. Moreover, the source apportionment of metals in the roof dusts and soils was estimated using Pb isotopes. A total of 13 roof dust and 11 smelter dust samples were collected respectively from residential houses and smelter stacks. The vertical distribution in soils was assessed at 10 cm intervals in four sites along the predominant wind direction. High metal concentrations were found in the roof dusts, which were enriched in Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu by a factor of 48-937, 13-169, 161-3400 and 10-135, respectively, compared to the regional background values of soils, depending on the distance from the smelter. Horizontal extents of the airborne metal transport were estimated to exceed the impact radius (<4 km) calculated by a numerical model. As for soils, the metal concentrations were high in the surface layer and decreased abruptly with depth. The vertical extent of the metal contamination was found up to 60 cm. Considering the operational period of the smelter, the Pb migration rate was 0.4-1.3 cm/year and the farmlands showed higher penetration rates than the other sites, probably due to agricultural practices. The Pb isotope compositions for the contaminated soils lay on a mixing line between the anthropogenic Pb of the smelter and the geogenic Pb of the background soils, which confirmed that the emission and deposition of the airborne particles produced by the smelter contributed to 49-83% of trace metals in the surface soils. Similarly, the Pb isotopic compositions of the roof dusts indicated that most of Pb was derived from the smelter, in particular, from the casting and leaching stacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyeong-Koo Lee
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahang-no, Yusung-gu, Taejon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ju Kang
- Department of Environmental Safety Diagnosis, HQ of Western Metropolitan Area, Korea Environment Corporation, 8F Gangseo IT Valley, 82 Hwagok-ro 68-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07566, Republic of Korea; Department of Geoenvironmental Sciences, Kongju National University, Chungcheongnamdo 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonyoung Yu
- Korea-CO(2) Storage Environmental Management (K-COSEM) Research Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yi Kyun Kwon
- Department of Geoenvironmental Sciences, Kongju National University, Chungcheongnamdo 32588, Republic of Korea
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49
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Wu H, Yang F, Li H, Li Q, Zhang F, Ba Y, Cui L, Sun L, Lv T, Wang N, Zhu J. Heavy metal pollution and health risk assessment of agricultural soil near a smelter in an industrial city in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2020; 30:174-186. [PMID: 30810352 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1584666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To assess heavy metal pollution and human health risk, a total of 28 topsoil samples were collected during four seasons from seven agricultural soil sites near a famous smelter in Jiyuan, China. The maximum concentrations of Cd, Pb, Hg, As, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr were 26.00, 2601.00, 3.29, 65.00, 410.00, 156.30, 54.80, and 73.60 mg kg-1, respectively. Compared with the sampling site nearest to the smelter, the concentrations of six metals at the farthest site were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). All sites were heavily contaminated, with Nemerow index (P) >3.0, and all sites had very high ecological risks related to Cd and Hg. The non-carcinogenic risk for children (based on combined exposure to the eight metals) was above the safety level. The carcinogenic risk of As for adults (8.98 × 10-6) and children (1.49 × 10-5) exceeded the acceptable level (1 × 10-6). Results suggest a serious health risk in the polluted areas, particularly for children.Abbreviation Cd: Cadmium; Pb: Lead; Hg: Mercury; As: Arsenic; Zn: Zinc; Cu: Copper; Ni: Nickel; Cr: Chromium; P: Nemerow index; RI: Potential ecological risk index; Ei: Monomial potential ecological risk of a specific heavy metal; HI: non-carcinogenic hazard index; CR: Carcinogenic risk; TN: Total nitrogen; TP: Total phosphorus; OM: Organic matter; MC: Moisture content; ADD: Average daily dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongping Li
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qingbo Li
- Zhejiang Biosan Biochemical Technologies Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengli Zhang
- Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liuxin Cui
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lianglong Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tianchen Lv
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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50
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Konkolewska A, Piechalak A, Ciszewska L, Antos-Krzemińska N, Skrzypczak T, Hanć A, Sitko K, Małkowski E, Barałkiewicz D, Małecka A. Combined use of companion planting and PGPR for the assisted phytoextraction of trace metals (Zn, Pb, Cd). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:13809-13825. [PMID: 32034599 PMCID: PMC7162837 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Biomass production and metal accumulation in plant tissue (bioconcentration) are two critical factors limiting the phytoextraction rate. Metal translocation to aboveground organs should be accounted for as the third most important factor, as harvesting of the plant roots is usually economically disadvantageous. These three parameters could be potentially increased with the use of companion planting, a well-known agricultural technique, and inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). The aim of the study was to determine whether intercropping and inoculation with endophytic PGPB (Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJNT) can increase the efficiency of phytoextraction of Zn, Pb, and Cd. The study was conducted on Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. "Małopolska" grown in a monoculture or co-planted with Zea mays L. "Codimon" and Medicago sativa L. "Sanditi." Results show that companion planting and inoculation with rhizobacteria can increase the efficiency of metal phytoextraction, mainly by increasing the yield of dry biomass and the survival rate of plants grown on contaminated soil. We have shown that the simultaneous planting of B. juncea with M. sativa and inoculation with PGPB were the most efficient variants of assisted phytoextraction reaching a recovery of 95% Zn, 90% Cd, and on average about 160% Pb compared with control B. juncea plants grown in monoculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Konkolewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytet Poznanski 6 Street, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Aneta Piechalak
- Laboratory of Genome Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytet Poznanski 6 Street, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Liliana Ciszewska
- Laboratory of RNA Biochemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytet Poznanski 6 Street, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Nina Antos-Krzemińska
- Department of Bioenergetics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytet Poznanski 6 Street, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skrzypczak
- Institute of Biology and Human Evolutionary, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytet Poznanski 6 Street, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anetta Hanć
- Department of Trace Analysis, Faculty Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytet Poznanski 8 Street, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sitko
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Eugeniusz Małkowski
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Danuta Barałkiewicz
- Department of Trace Analysis, Faculty Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytet Poznanski 8 Street, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Arleta Małecka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytet Poznanski 6 Street, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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