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Liu Y, Lu Z, Yan Z, Lin A, Han S, Li Y, Yang X, Li X, Yin X, Zhang R, Li K. Sea Cucumber Viscera Contains Novel Non-Holostane-Type Glycoside Toxins that Possess a Putative Chemical Defense Function. J Chem Ecol 2024; 50:185-196. [PMID: 38441803 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Sea cucumbers frequently expel their guts in response to predators and an aversive environment, a behavior perceived as releasing repellents involved in chemical defense mechanisms. To investigate the chemical nature of the repellent, the viscera of stressed sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus) in the Yellow Sea of China were collected and chemically analyzed. Two novel non-holostane triterpene glycosides were isolated, and the chemical structures were elucidated as 3ꞵ-O-[ꞵ-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-ꞵ-D-xylopyranosyl]-(20S)-hydroxylanosta-7,25-diene-18(16)-lactone (1) and 3ꞵ-O-[ꞵ-D-quinovopyranosyl-(1→2)-ꞵ-D-xylopyranosyl]-(20S)-hydroxylanosta-7,25-diene-18(16)-lactone (2) by spectroscopic and mass-spectrometric analyses, exemplifying a triterpene glycoside constituent of an oligosaccharide containing two sugar-units and a non-holostane aglycone. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to various doses of 1 and 2 from 4 to 96 hpf. Compound 1 exposure showed 96 h-LC50 41.5 µM and an increased zebrafish mortality rates in roughly in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Compound 2, with different sugar substitution, exhibited no mortality and moderate teratogenic toxicity with a 96 h-EC50 of 173.5 µM. Zebrafish embryos exhibited teratogenic effects, such as reduced hatchability and total body length. The study found that triterpene saponin from A. japonicus viscera had acute toxicity in zebrafish embryos, indicating a potential chemical defense role in the marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Liu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhen Lu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Zhi Yan
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Ainuo Lin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shaoshuai Han
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Yaxi Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Xiuli Yin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ke Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China.
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Zicarelli G, Multisanti CR, Falco F, Faggio C. Evaluation of toxicity of Personal Care Products (PCPs) in freshwaters: Zebrafish as a model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:103923. [PMID: 35772612 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Personal care products (PCPs) are part of the large and growing family of emerging contaminants (ECs). Many daily products such as sunscreens, toothpaste, make-up products, perfume, and others, fall under this definition, and their use is increasing exponentially. Furthermore, the degradation of some components of these products is limited. Indeed, they are able to easily reach and accumulate in aquatic systems, representing a new class of contaminants. Moreover, due to their chemical properties, they can interfere at different biological levels, and for this reason, they need to be thoroughly investigated. We have reviewed the literature on PCPs, with a special focus on the adverse effects on the freshwater zebrafish (Danio rerio). The aim of this work is to provide a careful assessment of the toxicity of these compounds, in order to raise awareness for more conscious and responsible use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Zicarelli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166S Agata-Messina, Italy.
| | - Cristiana Roberta Multisanti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166S Agata-Messina, Italy.
| | - Francesca Falco
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, National Research Council (CNR), Mazara del Vallo, Italy.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166S Agata-Messina, Italy.
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Alves RN, Mariz CF, de Melo Alves MK, Cavalcanti MGN, de Melo TJB, de Arruda-Santos RH, Zanardi-Lamardo E, Carvalho PSM. Contamination and Toxicity of Surface Waters Along Rural and Urban Regions of the Capibaribe River in Tropical Northeastern Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:3063-3077. [PMID: 34324728 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Capibaribe River provides water to a population of 1.7 million people in the Brazilian northeast, while receiving agricultural runoff and industrial and domestic effluents along its 280 km. The present study evaluated the ecotoxicity of surface waters along ten sites in rural and urban areas using zebrafish (Danio rerio) early-life stages and related it to water quality indices and chemical abiotic variables. Lethality rates, delays in embryo-larval development quantified by the general morphology score (GMS), and frequencies of developmental abnormalities were analyzed. A correlation was detected between zebrafish GMS and water quality index (WQI), sensitivity to domestic sewage contamination, and trophic state index, focused on eutrophication. These indices agreed in identifying a spatial pattern of smaller impact in terms of ecotoxicity, domestic sewage contamination, and eutrophication risk at three sites in rural areas (mean GMS 16.9), an intermediate impact at four sites with urban and agricultural influence (mean GMS 16.4), and greatest impacts at three more urbanized sites (mean GMS 14.9). Most frequent developmental abnormalities included noninflation of the swim bladder, delayed hatching, nonprotrusion of the mouth, blood stasis, and nondevelopment of pectoral fins. Toxic NH3 concentrations varied spatially, with higher concentrations in urban sites; and blood stasis correlated positively with NH3 , suggesting a causal relationship. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected in both rural and urbanized sites, contributing to detected toxicity. The present study demonstrates the potential of zebrafish early-life stages as an ecotoxicological model that may contribute to a better understanding of surface water quality and ecotoxicity in tropical river systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3063-3077. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romulo Nepomuceno Alves
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Centro de Biociências, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Célio Freire Mariz
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Centro de Biociências, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Roxanny Helen de Arruda-Santos
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (OrganoMAR), Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Eliete Zanardi-Lamardo
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (OrganoMAR), Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Paulo S M Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Centro de Biociências, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Horie Y, Takahashi C. Development of an in vivo acute bioassay using the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:725. [PMID: 34651255 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma is a suitable model organism for in vivo acute toxicity bioassay in seawater, we first determined whether there were differences in the concentrations of chemicals that were toxic to marine medaka (O. melastigma) and freshwater medaka (O. latipes). We performed in vivo acute toxicity bioassay with 3-chloroaniline, triclosan, 3,4-dichloroaniline, fenitrothion, and pyriproxyfen on larvae of both species. Although the concentrations of 3-chloroaniline and fenitrothion that were lethal to the larvae were identical for both species, the toxic concentrations of triclosan, 3,4-dichloroaniline, and pyriproxyfen were lower for O. melastigma than for O. latipes. We then used an in vivo acute toxicity bioassay to monitor the quality of coastal seawater in Akita, Japan. No lethal effects were observed in the harbor and canal in 2019. O. melastigma could be used to monitor the quality of seawater with salinities in the range 2-25. Our findings suggest that O. melastigma can be used as the test fish for in vivo acute toxicity bioassay intended for water quality monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita, 010-0195, Japan.
- Research Center for Inland Sea (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukae Minami Kobe, Hyogo, 658-0022, Higashinada, Japan.
| | - Chiho Takahashi
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
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Wilson EW, Castro V, Chaves R, Espinosa M, Rodil R, Quintana JB, Vieira MN, Santos MM. Using zebrafish embryo bioassays combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry screening to assess ecotoxicological water bodies quality status: A case study in Panama rivers. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129823. [PMID: 33592508 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several studies show that many water bodies in developing countries are increasingly affected by anthropogenic pressure, such as agricultural activities, domestic and industrial wastewater. However, data is scarce in several of such countries, including Panama. Thus, in this work, the ecotoxicological status of selected rivers in Panama with distinct input sources were evaluated using the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo bioassays combined with a liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry screening of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), using a library of over 3200 chemicals. A total of 68 CECs, including pharmaceuticals and metabolites, pesticides and several industrial chemicals, could be tentatively identified. Additionally, the zebrafish embryo bioassays showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in embryo mortality/abnormalities when incubated with water samples from two rivers, Matasnillo and Curundú (47.5% and 32%, respectively). Importantly, a positive correlation between ecotoxicological endpoints and some of the detected CECs was observed. The findings demonstrate that both rivers are under strong anthropogenic pressure, and therefore, management actions are urgently needed to decrease their level of contamination. Overall, this study further supports the use of the zebrafish embryo bioassay as a fast, high throughput approach for screening the toxicity of water samples, and highlights the advantages of combining ecotoxicological assays with high-resolution mass spectrometry to an expedite assessment of the ecotoxicological status of water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estibali Wilkie Wilson
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - LA, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Verónica Castro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Chaves
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - LA, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; ISAMB/ FMUL - Institute of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz MB, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Espinosa
- University of Panama, Promega Institute, Via Simon Bolivar, Transístmica, Panama
| | - Rosario Rodil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Benito Quintana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Maria Natividade Vieira
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - LA, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - LA, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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Chen MC, Chen TH. Spatial and seasonal distribution of microplastics on sandy beaches along the coast of the Hengchun Peninsula, Taiwan. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 151:110861. [PMID: 32056643 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here we present the first report on microplastic pollution on the beaches along the coast of the Hengchun Peninsula, which is one of the major tourist attractions in Taiwan. By using a standard operating procedure, sand samples were collected from eight beaches in June and November in 2017, and the microplastics in the sand samples were quantified and characterized in the laboratory. The average density of microplastics ranged from 80 to 480 particles/kg dry weight sand. There was no apparent seasonal difference but there were significant spatial differences among sampling sites. No significant difference in microplastic levels was observed among the west, south, and east coasts, but microplastic density was higher on beaches with higher tourism activity levels. The most abundant type of microplastics was fiber (>97%) and the most common color was white/transparent (57%). In addition, using a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer we identified microplastics as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). Our results show that microplastics are ubiquitous along the coast of the Hengchun Peninsula, and the major factor associated with the abundance of microplastics is tourism activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hao Chen
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan; National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan.
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Using Internet Surveys to Estimate Visitors’ Willingness to Pay for Coral Reef Conservation in the Kenting National Park, Taiwan. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11071411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Without appropriate conservation action, coral reefs globally continue to degrade, causing declines in economic value. Therefore, their local conservation and quantifying its benefits become increasingly important. However, accurately measuring these values remains expensive or complicated. Leveraging digital survey tools, an interdisciplinary on-line survey was created to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) for coral reef conservation using pictures and ecological data. Using the contingent valuation method we estimate current values as well as changes in value due to restoration or degradation for coral ecosystems in the Kenting National Park (KNP) in Taiwan. Results suggest that conserving degraded coral reef ecosystems leads to larger gains in value than healthier ones. Average WTP estimates a non-market economic value of 680 million US$ per year for the whole KNP marine area. Despite potential self-reporting bias and limits on sample size, these values appear consistent with similar studies and suggest future economic sampling strategies for KNP.
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Chen TH, Hsieh CY, Ko FC, Cheng JO. Effect of the UV-filter benzophenone-3 on intra-colonial social behaviors of the false clown anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:1625-1629. [PMID: 30743875 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The UV-filter benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is widely used and is environmentally stable, lipophilic, and bioaccumulative. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that BP-3 can cause endocrine disrupting effects. However, little information is available on its ecotoxicity on coral reef fish. Agonistic behavior, which is regulated by the endocrine system, is crucial to the social structure of some coral reef fish species. Endocrine disruptors may disturb fish agonistic behavior and social interactions. In this study, we tested whether chronic BP-3 exposure can affect social behaviors in coral reef fish. Juvenile false clown anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris) were exposed to BP-3 via diet (0 and 1000 ng/g food) for 90 d. Through the experiment, each tank was videotaped and behavioral indicators of social status, including threatening, attacking, and submissive behaviors were quantitatively analyzed from the videos. Survival and growth were not affected by the BP-3 exposure except that the body weight of the dominant fish was higher in the BP-3 group. Social rankings were not changed by BP-3. Intra-colonial social behaviors were significantly affected only by rank but not by the BP-3 exposure. Our results suggest that BP-3 at environmental levels may not cause significant harm to social behavior of coral reef fish. However, more research is needed to better understand the behavioral effects of BP-3 in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Hao Chen
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Yu Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Chi Ko
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan
| | - Jing-O Cheng
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan
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Merel S, Snyder SA. Critical assessment of the ubiquitous occurrence and fate of the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide in water. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 96:98-117. [PMID: 27639850 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The insect repellent diethyltoluamide (DEET) is among the most frequently detected organic chemical contaminants in water across a wide range of geographies from around the world. These observations are raising critical questions and increasing concerns regarding potential environmental relevance, particularly when the emergence of severe neurological conditions attributed to the Zika virus has increased the use of insect repellents. After dermal application, DEET is washed from the skin when bathing and enters the municipal sewer system before discharge into the environment. Mainly measured by gas chromatography or liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS or LC-MS), more than 200 peer-reviewed publications have already reported concentrations of DEET ranging ng/L to mg/L in several water matrices from North America, Europe, Asia, Oceania, and more recently Africa and South America. While conventional wastewater treatment technology has limited capacity of removal, advanced technologies are capable of better attenuation and could lower the environmental discharge of organic contaminants, including DEET. For instance, adsorption on activated carbon, desalinating membrane processes (nanofiltration and reverse osmosis), ozonation, and advanced oxidation processes can achieve 50% to essentially 100% DEET attenuation. Despite the abundant literature on the topic, the ubiquity of DEET in the environment still raises questions due to the apparent lack of obvious spatio-temporal trends in concentrations measured in surface water, which does not fit the expected usage pattern of insect repellents. Moreover, two recent studies showed discrepancies between the concentrations obtained by GC-MS and LC-MS analyses. While the occurrence of DEET in the environment is well established, the concentrations reported should be interpreted cautiously, considering the disparities in methodologies applied and occurrence patterns observed. Therefore, this manuscript provides a critical overview of the origin of DEET in the environment, the relevant analytical methods, the occurrence reported in peer-reviewed literature, and the attenuation efficacy of water treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Merel
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 James E. Rogers Way, Tucson 85721, AZ, USA; Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 12 Hölderlinstraße, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Shane A Snyder
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 James E. Rogers Way, Tucson 85721, AZ, USA.
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Chen TH, Chou SM, Tang CH, Chen CY, Meng PJ, Ko FC, Cheng JO. Endocrine disrupting effects of domestic wastewater on reproduction, sexual behavior, and gene expression in the brackish medaka Oryzias melastigma. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 150:566-575. [PMID: 26919805 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the endocrine disrupting effects of domestic wastewater on fish using the brackish medaka Oryzias melastigma as the animal model. Estuarine water samples were collected from Sihchong Creek and Baoli Creek estuaries, Taiwan, in March of 2012 to assess the whole effluent toxicity (WET) of domestic wastewater produced by the local residents and tourists. Chemical analysis detected various pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the field water samples. Some of these PPCPs are endocrine disrupting chemicals. In the laboratory-based bioassay, breeding pairs were exposed to the water samples (Sihchong, Baoli, and control) for 21 days. Cumulative number of eggs spawned was significantly higher in the Sihchong group. While fish swimming activity was not affected, sexual behavior of the male fish was significantly induced in both Sihchong and Baoli groups. Male and female gonad histology was not affected. Expression level of biomarker genes CYP1A1, HSP70, and VTG was significantly induced in the Sihchong group. This study indicates that the mixture of contaminants contained in the estuarine water may cause endocrine disrupting effects in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Hao Chen
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan.
| | - Shi-Ming Chou
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hao Tang
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jie Meng
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Chi Ko
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan
| | - Jing-O Cheng
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan
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Nyairo WN, Owuor PO, Kengara FO. Effect of anthropogenic activities on the water quality of Amala and Nyangores tributaries of River Mara in Kenya. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:691. [PMID: 26475171 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mau Forest in the upper reaches of the Mara River basin has recently undergone increased forest destruction followed by human settlement and agricultural activities. These anthropogenic activities may be contributing nutrients and heavy metals, ultimately polluting the river water and eventually Lake Victoria water hence damaging these aquatic ecosystems. This study sought to establish the effect of anthropogenic activities and season on the water quality of the Amala and Nyangores tributaries of the River Mara in Kenya. Pristine springs in the Mau Forest were used as reference sites. Water samples were analyzed for pH, temperature, conductivity, nutrients, selected heavy metals, and selenium. The mean range of the parameters measured from sites along the tributaries was pH 5.44-7.48 and that for conductivity was 20-99 μS/cm while the mean range of nutrient levels (μg/L) was 80-443 (NO3--N), 21.7-82.7 (NH4+-N), 11.9-65.0 (soluble reactive phosphorous), and 51-490 (total phosphorous). The mean range for heavy metals and selenium (in μg/L) from sites along the tributaries were 6.56-37.6 (Cu), 0.26-4.97 (Cd), 13.9-213 (Zn), 0.35-3.14 (Cr), 0.19-5.53 (Mn), 1.90-9.62 (Pb), and 0.21-4.50 (Se). The results indicated a significant difference (p≤0.05) between the reference sites and the different sampling sites, indicating that anthropogenic activities were impacting the quality of water in the two tributaries. Although most of the parameters were within the WHO (2004), USEPA (2014) and NEMA (2006) acceptable limits for surface waters, they were above the permissible levels for domestic use. Moreover, the levels of nutrients, heavy metals, and selenium were significantly higher in the wet season than in the dry season, further indicating that anthropogenic activities are causing a disturbance in the aquatic system. Therefore, further anthropogenic activities should be checked and limited so as to conserve the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip Okinda Owuor
- Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, Private Bag 40105, Maseno, Kenya
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