1
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Jin S, Liu L, Li S, Zhou Y, Huang C, Wang Z, Zhai Y. Removal of low concentration of perchlorate from natural water by quaternized chitosan sphere (CGQS): Efficiency and mechanism research. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133595. [PMID: 38290332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
In this study, an innovative approach utilizing betaine as a raw material was employed to effectively modify the surface of chitosan with quaternary ammonium groups. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) characterization showed that the quaternary ammonium groups on betaine were successfully loaded on the chitosan surface. The effects of dosage, pH, initial perchlorate concentration, temperature and co-existing anions on the removal efficiency of perchlorate were investigated. The saturated adsorption capacity of CGQS was 35.41 mg/g under natural condition. The impact of initial perchlorate concentrations and column flow rates on the column adsorption experiments were investigated, as well as natural water tests. Sterilizing performance experiments of CGQS were carried out innovatively. Under the condition of initial concentration of 0.5 mg/L, 9 BV/h (bed volume per hour), the effluent natural water was up to standard (≤0.07 mg/L) with a treatment capacity of 210 BV/g, and the sterilizing rate of CGQS was up to 97.02%. The proposed adsorption mechanisms involved surface pore adsorption, electrostatic adsorption of quaternary ammonium groups, and ion exchange between chloride and perchlorate ions. The CGQS prepared in this work had great potential for treating trace perchlorate contamination in natural water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Liming Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China; Department of Civil and Earth Resources Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8246, Japan
| | - Shanhong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhexian Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yunbo Zhai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
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2
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Li J, Tu F, Wan Y, Qian X, Mahai G, Wang A, Ma J, Yang Z, Xia W, Xu S, Zheng T, Li Y. Associations of Trimester-Specific Exposure to Perchlorate, Thiocyanate, and Nitrate with Childhood Neurodevelopment: A Birth Cohort Study in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20480-20493. [PMID: 38015815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Studies about the impacts of maternal exposure to perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate on offspring neurodevelopment are scarce. Based on a birth cohort in China, 1,028 mothers provided urine samples at three trimesters for determination of the three target analytes, and their offspring neurodevelopment was evaluated at 2 years old. Associations of maternal exposure to the three chemicals with offspring neurodevelopment were estimated using three statistical methods. Trimester-specific analyses using generalized estimating equation models showed that double increment of thiocyanate and nitrate during the first trimester was associated with 1.56 (95% CI: -2.82, -0.30) and 1.22 (-2.40, -0.03) point decreases in the offspring mental development index (MDI), respectively. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression analyses showed that the mixture exposure at the first and second trimesters was negatively associated with the offspring MDI (β = -2.39, 95% CI: -3.85, -0.93; β = -1.75, 95% CI: -3.04, -0.47, respectively) and thiocyanate contributed the most to the association (65.0 and 91.6%, respectively). Bayesian kernel machine regression analyses suggested an inverted U-shape relationship of maternal urinary thiocyanate with the offspring MDI. These findings suggested that prenatal exposure to the three chemicals (at current levels), especially thiocyanate and nitrate, may impair neurodevelopment. Early pregnancy seems to be the sensitive window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Fengqin Tu
- Wuhan Institute for Food and Cosmetic Control, Key Laboratory of Edible Oil Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Center for Public Health Laboratory Service, Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430024, PR China
| | - Xi Qian
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Gaga Mahai
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Aizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Jiaolong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | | | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
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3
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Guan J, Wan Y, Li J, Zheng T, Xia W, Xu S, Li Y. Urinary perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate and their associated risk factors among Chinese pregnant women. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140467. [PMID: 37852377 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate are well-known inhibitors of iodide uptake and thyroid-disrupting chemicals. Widespread human exposure to them has been identified, whereas studies on their internal exposure levels among Chinese pregnant women are scarce and factors associated with them are not well recognized. The objective of this study is to determine their levels and identify the associated factors among pregnant women (n = 1120), based on a prospective birth cohort in Wuhan, central China, using repeated urine samples of three trimesters. Urinary perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate were 100% detected in the samples, and specific gravity-adjusted median concentrations of them in all the samples were 12.6 ng/mL, 367 ng/mL, and 63.7 μg/mL, respectively. Their concentrations were weakly-to-moderately correlated with each other, with Spearman correlation coefficients ranging from 0.27 to 0.54. Poor reproducibility were observed for the three analytes over the three trimesters, with intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.07, 0.19, 0.04 for perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate, respectively. The women who were overweight or used tap water as drinking water had significantly higher perchlorate concentrations, while those with excessive gestational weight gain had significantly higher thiocyanate concentrations (p < 0.05). The women with a college degree or above had lower nitrate concentrations (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the median concentration of perchlorate in urine samples collected in spring, thiocyanate in those collected in winter, and nitrate in those collected in autumn, was significantly higher compared to their median concentrations in the samples collected in other three seasons (p < 0.05), respectively. Urinary perchlorate and nitrate concentrations of pregnant women in this study were higher than the concentrations of pregnant women in other countries, while thiocyanate concentrations were lower than that of most other countries. This study suggested potential covariates for future epidemiological analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guan
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Center for Public Health Laboratory Service, Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430024, PR China.
| | - Juxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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4
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Fang C, Naidu R. A review of perchlorate contamination: Analysis and remediation strategies. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139562. [PMID: 37478993 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate has been categorised as a potential contaminant and researched for years, but there are still many unknowns regarding this anion's contamination impacts. In this review, the basic information about perchlorate is summarised and evaluated, including the physical-chemical properties, fate and transportation, toxicity, analysis, and remediation. Especially, recent advances on analysis and remediation are emphasised and evaluated, such as in-situ imaging analysis and on-site bio-remediation respectively. The high solubility and persistence of the perchlorate anion mean its contamination is different from others, particularly in terms of analysis and remediation that might lead to secondary contamination. The knowledge gaps are listed for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fang
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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5
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Souza MCO, Rocha BA, Adeyemi JA, Nadal M, Domingo JL, Barbosa F. Legacy and emerging pollutants in Latin America: A critical review of occurrence and levels in environmental and food samples. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157774. [PMID: 35932867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The increase and indiscriminate use of personal care products, food products, fertilizers, pesticides, and health products, among others, have resulted/are resulting in extensive environmental contamination. Most of these products contain traces of widespread chemicals, usually known as emerging pollutants (EPs) or pollutants of emerging concern (PEC). The Latin American (LA) region comprises 20 countries with different social and cultural aspects, with 81 % of the population living in urban areas. The LA region has some countries on the top list of users/consumers of EPs, from pesticides and fertilizers to personal care products. However, there is a gap in information related to the distribution of EPs in the environment of this region, with very few existing review texts exploring this issue. Therefore, this present paper advances this approach. An exhaustive literature review, with the selection of 176 documents, provided unique up-to-date information on the presence/distribution of 17 classes of legacy or emerging pollutants in different food and environmental matrices (soil, sediment, water, and air). The study shows that the wide distribution and recorded levels of these pollutants in the continental environment are potential risks to human health, mainly through food and drinking water ingestion. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are pollutants of deep public concern since they show carcinogenic properties. Several classes of pollutants, like endocrine disruptors, have caused harmful effects on humans and the environment. Besides that, pharmaceutical products and pesticides are compounds of high consumption worldwide, being environmental contamination a real and ongoing possibility. Finally, gaps and future research needs are deeply pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Cristina Oliveira Souza
- Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida do Cafe s/n°, 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Bruno Alves Rocha
- Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida do Cafe s/n°, 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joseph A Adeyemi
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José Luis Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida do Cafe s/n°, 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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6
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Chen Y, Zhu Z, Wu X, Zhang D, Tong J, Lin Y, Yin L, Li X, Zheng Q, Lu S. A nationwide investigation of perchlorate levels in staple foods from China: Implications for human exposure and risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129629. [PMID: 36104921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate is an emerging pollutant and thyroid toxicant frequently occurred in air, water, soil and various foodstuffs. Rice and wheat flour are the most common staple foods, which could accumulate perchlorate from contaminated soils and irrigation water. However, human exposure to perchlorate via rice and wheat flour consumption has only been investigated to a limited extent. Therefore, we collected 207 rice samples and 189 wheat flour samples from 19 provinces in China to assess the level of perchlorate. The levels of perchlorate in rice and wheat flour ranged from not detected (N.D.) to 28.7 ng/g and less than limits of quantification (<LOQ) to 147 ng/g, respectively, with detection rates in both rice and wheat flour samples exceeding 60 %. The estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) were calculated to evaluate human exposure and potential health risk of perchlorate exposure via the consumption of rice and wheat flour. The HQ values for both rice and wheat flour were less than 1, which suggested that the consumption of these staple foods may not cause potential health risks. To our knowledge, this is the first nationwide monitoring, human exposure and risk assessment of perchlorate in both rice and wheat flour in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jianyu Tong
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yuli Lin
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Liuyi Yin
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Quanzhi Zheng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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Acevedo-Barrios R, Rubiano-Labrador C, Navarro-Narvaez D, Escobar-Galarza J, González D, Mira S, Moreno D, Contreras A, Miranda-Castro W. Perchlorate-reducing bacteria from Antarctic marine sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:654. [PMID: 35934758 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10328-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate is a contaminant that can persist in groundwater and soil, and is frequently detected in different ecosystems at concentrations relevant to human health. This study isolated and characterised halotolerant bacteria that can potentially perform perchlorate reduction. Bacterial microorganisms were isolated from marine sediments on Deception, Horseshoe and Half Moon Islands of Antarctica. The results of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolates were phylogenetically related to Psychrobacter cryohalolentis, Psychrobacter urativorans, Idiomarina loihiensis, Psychrobacter nivimaris, Sporosarcina aquimarina and Pseudomonas lactis. The isolates grew at a sodium chloride concentration of up to 30% and a perchlorate concentration of up to 10,000 mg/L, which showed their ability to survive in saline conditions and high perchlorate concentrations. Between 21.6 and 40% of perchlorate was degraded by the isolated bacteria. P. cryohalolentis and P. urativorans degraded 30.3% and 32.6% of perchlorate, respectively. I. loihiensis degraded 40% of perchlorate, and P. nivimaris, S. aquimarina and P. lactis degraded 22%, 21.8% and 21.6% of perchlorate, respectively. I. loihiensis had the highest reduction in perchlorate, whereas P. lactis had the lowest reduction. This study is significant as it is the first finding of P. cryohalolentis and. P. lactis on the Antarctic continent. In conclusion, these bacteria isolated from marine sediments on Antarctica offer promising resources for the bioremediation of perchlorate contamination due to their ability to degrade perchlorate, showing their potential use as a biological system to reduce perchlorate in high-salinity ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Acevedo-Barrios
- Grupo de Estudios Químicos Y Biológicos, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, 130010, Cartagena, Colombia.
| | - Carolina Rubiano-Labrador
- Grupo de Estudios Químicos Y Biológicos, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, 130010, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Dhania Navarro-Narvaez
- Grupo de Estudios Químicos Y Biológicos, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, 130010, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Johana Escobar-Galarza
- Grupo de Estudios Químicos Y Biológicos, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, 130010, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Diana González
- Grupo de Estudios Químicos Y Biológicos, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, 130010, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Stephanie Mira
- Grupo de Estudios Químicos Y Biológicos, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, 130010, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Dayana Moreno
- Grupo de Estudios Químicos Y Biológicos, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, 130010, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Aura Contreras
- Grupo de Estudios Químicos Y Biológicos, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, 130010, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Wendy Miranda-Castro
- Grupo de Estudios Químicos Y Biológicos, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, 130010, Cartagena, Colombia
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Chang WH, Chen PH, Herianto S, Chen HL, Lee CC. Aggregating exposures and toxicity equivalence approach into an integrated probabilistic dietary risk assessment for perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate: Results from the National food monitoring study and National Food Consumption Database. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 211:112989. [PMID: 35231455 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate, namely thyroid disrupting chemicals (TDCs), are found ubiquitously in the environment, leading to broad human exposure and primary uptake through the food web and drinking water. TDCs are all competitive inhibitors of thyroid iodide uptake activity, but limited studies have assessed the cumulative risk of dietary exposure to multiple TDCs. Thus, in this study, we analyzed the individual exposure risk from 310 food samples in 11 categories, and also assessed the cumulative health risks from TDCs for the Taiwanese population using a perchlorate equivalent concentration (PEC) approach. Consequently, this study not only demonstrated the non-carcinogenic health risks from individual exposure but also highlighted that the cumulative exposure to these TDCs may adversely affect human thyroid functioning. Vegetables, livestock, fruits, and dairy products are the most susceptible to PEC exposure. We highlighted nitrate as the main contributor to PEC exposure. Finally, controlling the overall TDC concentrations from vegetables, livestock, fruits, and dairy products is emphasized in this study. This is the first study to conduct a cumulative risk assessment of dietary exposure to TDCs using the PEC approach for the Taiwanese population through probabilistic and sensitivity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan; Research Center of Environmental Trace Toxic Substances, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Samuel Herianto
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan; Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry (Chemical Biology Division), College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ling Chen
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan; Research Center of Environmental Trace Toxic Substances, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chang Lee
- Research Center of Environmental Trace Toxic Substances, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan.
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Meng Z, Fan J, Cui X, Yan Y, Ju Z, Lu R, Zhou W, Gao H. Removal of perchlorate from aqueous solution using quaternary ammonium modified magnetic Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Liao Z, Cao D, Gao Z. Monitoring and risk assessment of perchlorate in tea samples produced in China. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Calderón R, Palma P, Arancibia-Miranda N, Kim UJ, Silva-Moreno E, Kannan K. Occurrence, distribution and dynamics of perchlorate in soil, water, fertilizers, vegetables and fruits and associated human exposure in Chile. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:527-535. [PMID: 32740759 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00680-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate (ClO4-) has been identified as a persistent environmental contaminant of concern. Perchlorate exposure is a potential health concern because it interferes with hormone production by thyroid gland. Food (fruits and vegetables) and drinking water are an important source of human exposure to perchlorate. However, little is known about the occurrence of perchlorate in Chile. The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence of perchlorate in 145 samples (soil, drinking water, surface water, groundwater, fertilizers, fruits and vegetables) collected across Chile and estimate associated exposure to consumers. Our results show that perchlorate was detected in soil (median: 22.2 ng g-1), drinking water (median: 3.0 ng mL-1), fruits (median: 0.91 ng g-1 fresh weight [FW]), lettuce (median: 5.0 ng g-1 FW) and chard (median: 4.15 ng g-1 FW). Interestingly, perchlorate concentrations detected in drinking water from three regions (Serena, Copiapo and Illapel) exceeded the USEPA interim drinking water health advisory level of 15 ng mL-1. Median concentrations of perchlorate in non-nitrogenous fertilizers (3.1 mg kg-1) were higher than those in nitrogenous fertilizers (1.3 mg kg-1). Estimated daily intake (EDI) of perchlorate via drinking water was lower than the USEPA's reference dose (7000 ng kg-1 bw day-1). The EDI of perchlorate via vegetables (chard and lettuce) produced in northern Chile was three times higher than those produced in other regions. The results of this study provide information about perchlorate sources in Chile, which will be helpful in modifying current regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Calderón
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Fabrica 1990, Segundo Piso, Santiago, Chile.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA La Platina, Santa Rosa, 11610, Chile.
| | - P Palma
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública, Ambiental y Laboral, Servicio Regional Ministerial, Ministerio de Salud, Región Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile
| | - N Arancibia-Miranda
- Facultad de Química and Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Casilla 40, C.P. 33, Santiago, 9170022, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CEDENNA, Santiago, 9170124, Chile
| | - Un-Jung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - E Silva-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA La Platina, Santa Rosa, 11610, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile
| | - K Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
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12
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Shen C, Liu L, Yin X, Tu F, Wu K, Wu Q, Peng L, Fang M, Wu Y, Gong Z. Determination of perchlorate and its distribution in unhusked rice in China. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Perchlorate concentrations in 387 unhusked rice samples from 15 main producing provinces in China were investigated by HPLC–MS/MS. The results indicated that perchlorate displays a mean level of 17.17 μg/kg in unhusked rice samples. Intriguingly, we also found that perchlorate is mainly observed in rice husk among of these collected unhusked rice samples, while less observed in rice bran and milled rice. Specifically, the perchlorate levels in rice were found in the husks (73.61%), bran (10.09%) and milled rice (19.52%), respectively. Our results indicated that there is no significantly perchlorate exposure risk in edible milled rice. We suggested that perchlorate in rice can be greatly removed if deep processed unhusked rice and there is no perchlorate exposure risk in edible milled rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxin Shen
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyao Yin
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fengqin Tu
- Wuhan Institute for Food and Cosmetic Control, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kejia Wu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lingfeng Peng
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Fang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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13
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Wang H, Jiang Y, Song J, Liang H, Liu Y, Huang J, Yin P, Wu D, Zhang H, Liu X, Zhou D, Wei W, Lei L, Peng J, Zhang J. The risk of perchlorate and iodine on the incidence of thyroid tumors and nodular goiter: a case-control study in southeastern China. Environ Health 2022; 21:4. [PMID: 34980104 PMCID: PMC8725411 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00818-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence rates of thyroid tumors and nodular goiter show an upward trend worldwide. There are limited reports on the risk of perchlorate and iodine on thyroid tumors, but evidence from population studies is scarce, and their impact on thyroid function is still uncertain. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the association of perchlorate and iodine with the risk of nodular goiter (NG), papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and to assess the correlation between perchlorate and iodine with thyroid function indicators. METHODS A case-control population consisting of 184 pairs of thyroid tumors and nodular goiter matched by gender and age (±2 years) was recruited in this study. Serum and urine samples were collected from each participant. Thyroid function indicators in serum were tested by automatic chemical immunofluorescence, and perchlorate and iodine levels in urine were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, respectively. Conditional logistic regressions and multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the associations. RESULTS Urinary perchlorate concentration was significantly higher in total cases, NG and PTC than in the corresponding controls (P < 0.05). Perchlorate was positively associated with PTC (OR = 1.058, 95% CI: 1.009, 1.110) in a non-linear dose-response relationship, but there was no association between perchlorate and NG or PTMC. Iodine was not associated with the risk of thyroid tumors and NG and did not correlate with the thyroid function indicators. Furthermore, perchlorate showed a positive correlation with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) at iodine adequate levels (P < 0.05), and a negative correlation with free triiodothyronine (FT3) and a positive correlation with thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) at iodine more than adequate or excess levels (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Perchlorate can increase the risk of PTC in a non-linear dose-response relationship and disturb the thyroid hormone homeostasis and thyroid autoantibody levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huirong Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055 China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No.1023 Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Yousheng Jiang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Jiayi Song
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Huiwen Liang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Jiewu Huang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Pengliang Yin
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Dongting Wu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055 China
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Ophthalmic Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No.18 Zetian Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518040 China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- Shenzhen People’s Hospital, No.1017 Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020 China
| | - Dongxian Zhou
- Shenzhen People’s Hospital, No.1017 Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020 China
| | - Wei Wei
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, No.1120 Lianhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518036 China
| | - Lin Lei
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, No.2021 Buxin Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020 China
| | - Ji Peng
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, No.2021 Buxin Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020 China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055 China
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14
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Liu Q, Mao W, Jiang D, Yang X, Yang D. The contamination and estimation of dietary intake for perchlorate and chlorate in infant formulas in China. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:2045-2054. [PMID: 34506721 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1973112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The contents of perchlorate and chlorate were determined in a total of 278 samples of infant formulas marketed in China. The associated health risk via infant and young child formulas consumption for 0-36 month old children in China was also assessed. The contents of perchlorate and chlorate were measured by a validated method with LC-MS and the limit of detection (LOD) was 1.5 μg kg-1 and 3.0 μg kg-1 for perchlorate and chlorate, respectively. Perchlorate and chlorate were detected in about 85.8% (median 6.92 μg kg-1, maximum 74.20 μg kg-1) and 99.3% (median 52.80 μg kg-1, maximum 2780 μg/kg) of the samples. The exposures of infant and young children to perchlorate from formulas were lower than the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI, 0.7 μg/kg bw/day), which was established by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in 2015 also proposed a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 3 μg/kg bw/day for chlorate based on the mean and average concentrations. Only for infants 0-6 month at the 95th percentile did exposures exceed the TDI of 3 μg/day for chlorate. Therefore, the safety of infant and young child formulas is excellent. To our knowledge, this is the first report to assess the exposure of infant and young child formulas in China to perchlorate and chlorate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Weifeng Mao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Dingguo Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Dajin Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
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15
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Studies on perchlorate levels in powdered infant formulas available on the Polish market. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2021-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Perchlorate has been acknowledged as a health threat due to its ability to interfere with iodine uptake by the thyroid gland. Infants and developing newborns have been considered as the most vulnerable groups to the perchlorate toxicity. A crucial source of perchlorate ingestion are powdered infant formulas. This study was designed to measure perchlorate content in thirty-one powdered infant formulas available on the Polish market. A rapid and sensitive ion chromatography method – conductivity cell detection – was applied to determine
ClO
4
−
{\rm{ClO}}_4^ -
content. Limit of detection (0.150 µg/L) and limit of quantification (0.450 µg/L) were assessed. Collected samples were classified by the age of consumers: first stage, until the baby is six months old and follow-on formula for older children. Geometric mean of perchlorate concentration of 1.041 µg/L and 0.857 µg/L in the groups of the first stage and follow-on formulas were calculated, respectively. A health risk assessment revealed that the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) for perchlorate (0.3 µg/kg body weight/day) was exceeded only in a few milk samples. The findings suggest that perchlorate contamination of powdered infant formulas may not to be an immediate health issue, yet testing for
ClO
4
−
{\rm{ClO}}_4^ -
should continuously be conducted. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study concerning perchlorate content in infant formulas in Poland.
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16
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Niziński P, Błażewicz A, Kończyk J, Michalski R. Perchlorate - properties, toxicity and human health effects: an updated review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2021; 36:199-222. [PMID: 32887207 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Interest in perchlorate as environmental pollutant has increased since 1997, when high concentrations have been found in the waters of the Colorado River, USA. Perchlorate is very persistent in nature and it is slowly degraded. Although harmful effects of large doses of perchlorate on thyroid function have been proven, the environmental effects are still unclear. The primary objective of the present review is to collect prevailing data of perchlorate exposure and to discuss its impact on human health. The results show that more than 50% of reviewed works found significant associations of perchlorate exposure and human health. This review consists of the following sections: general information of perchlorate sources, its properties and determination methods, role and sources in human body including food and water intake, overview of the scientific literature on the research on the effect of perchlorate on human health from 2010 to 2020. Finally, conclusions and recommendations on future perchlorate studies concerning human exposure are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Niziński
- Chair of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Błażewicz
- Chair of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Kończyk
- Institute of Chemistry, Health and Food Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Rajmund Michalski
- Institute of Chemistry, Health and Food Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Czestochowa, Poland
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
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17
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A novel ion chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (IC-MS/MS) method for the determination of chlorate and prechlorate in freshly brewed coffee. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Hu J, Xian Y, Wu Y, Chen R, Dong H, Hou X, Liang M, Wang B, Wang L. Perchlorate occurrence in foodstuffs and water: Analytical methods and techniques for removal from water - A review. Food Chem 2021; 360:130146. [PMID: 34034057 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Perchlorate (ClO4-), a type of contaminant with high diffusivity and durability, has been widely detected in water and foodstuffs, arousing a global concern. It can interfere with normal function of the human thyroid gland, affecting human health. Therefore, determination of perchlorate in water and foodstuffs, and removal from water are important. This review focuses on the occurrence of perchlorate, mainly in water and foodstuffs, and provides an overview of analytical methods for determination of perchlorate over the last two decades. In addition, merits and drawbacks of the various methods have been considered. This review also highlights the most commonly used approaches for removal of perchlorate from water. Finally, current trends and future perspectives in determination of perchlorate and removal from water are proposed. This review provided a comprehensive understanding of perchlorate occurrence and its removal from water, and had practical significance in reducing the harm of perchlorate to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Hu
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, Research Center of Risk Dynamic Detection and Early Warning for Food Safety of Guangzhou City, Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Food Safety of Guangzhou City, Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Yanping Xian
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, Research Center of Risk Dynamic Detection and Early Warning for Food Safety of Guangzhou City, Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Food Safety of Guangzhou City, Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Yuluan Wu
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, Research Center of Risk Dynamic Detection and Early Warning for Food Safety of Guangzhou City, Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Food Safety of Guangzhou City, Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Rongqiao Chen
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, Research Center of Risk Dynamic Detection and Early Warning for Food Safety of Guangzhou City, Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Food Safety of Guangzhou City, Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Hao Dong
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xiangchang Hou
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, Research Center of Risk Dynamic Detection and Early Warning for Food Safety of Guangzhou City, Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Food Safety of Guangzhou City, Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Ming Liang
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, Research Center of Risk Dynamic Detection and Early Warning for Food Safety of Guangzhou City, Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Food Safety of Guangzhou City, Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, Research Center of Risk Dynamic Detection and Early Warning for Food Safety of Guangzhou City, Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Food Safety of Guangzhou City, Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Li Wang
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, Research Center of Risk Dynamic Detection and Early Warning for Food Safety of Guangzhou City, Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Food Safety of Guangzhou City, Guangzhou 511447, China
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19
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Abstract
Perchlorate ion (ClO4−) is known as a potent endocrine disruptor and exposure to this compound can result in serious health issues. It has been found in drinking water, swimming pools, and surface water in many countries, however, its occurrence in the environment is still poorly understood. The information on perchlorate contamination of Polish waters is very limited. The primary objective of this study was to assess ClO4− content in bottled, tap, river, and swimming pool water samples from different regions of Poland and provide some data on the presence of perchlorate. We have examined samples of bottled, river, municipal, and swimming pool water using the IC–CD (ion chromatography–conductivity detection) method. Limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.43 µg/L and 1.42 µg/L, respectively, and they were both above the current health advisory levels in drinking water. The concentration of perchlorate were found to be 3.12 µg/L in one river water sample and from 6.38 to 8.14 µg/L in swimming pool water samples. Importantly, the level of perchlorate was below the limit of detection (LOD) in all bottled water samples. The results have shown that the determined perchlorate contamination in Polish drinking waters seems to be small, nevertheless, further studies are required on surface and river samples. The inexpensive, fast, and sensitive IC–CD method used in this study allowed for a reliable determination of perchlorate in the analyzed samples. To the best of our knowledge, there are no other studies seeking to assess the perchlorate content in Polish waters.
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20
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Acevedo-Barrios R, Olivero-Verbel J. Perchlorate Contamination: Sources, Effects, and Technologies for Remediation. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 256:103-120. [PMID: 34611758 DOI: 10.1007/398_2021_66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate is a persistent pollutant, generated via natural and anthropogenic processes, that possesses a high potential for endocrine disruption in humans and biota. It inhibits iodine fixation, a major reason for eliminating this pollutant from ecosystems. Remediation of perchlorate can be achieved with various physicochemical treatments, especially at low concentrations. However, microbiological approaches using microorganisms, such as those from the genera Dechloromonas, Serratia, Propionivibrio, Wolinella, and Azospirillum, are promising when perchlorate pollution is extensive. Perchlorate-reducing bacteria, isolated from harsh environments, for example saline soils, mine sediments, thermal waters, wastewater treatment plants, underground gas storage facilities, and remote areas, including the Antarctica, can provide removal yields from 20 to 100%. Perchlorate reduction, carried out by a series of enzymes, such as perchlorate reductase and superoxide chlorite, depends on pH, temperature, salt concentration, metabolic inhibitors, nutritional conditions, time of contact, and cellular concentration. Microbial degradation is cost-effective, simple to implement, and environmentally friendly, rendering it a viable method for alleviating perchlorate pollution in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Acevedo-Barrios
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Estudios Químicos y Biológicos, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.
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21
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Tian Y, Xu H, Liu S, Fang M, Wu Y, Gong Z. Study on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of perchlorate in different food matrices in vitro. Food Chem 2020; 333:127470. [PMID: 32653684 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Perchlorate, a persistent pollutant, interferes with iodine uptake by the thyroid. Perchlorate exposure mainly occurs through ingested food; understanding the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of perchlorate in foods facilitate more accurate human health risk assessments. An in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model was used for this research. The bioaccessibility of perchlorate in the control group, lettuce, rice and formula was 93.45%, 70.14%, 70.25%, and 63.68%, respectively. The bioavailability of perchlorate was as follows: control group, 43.45%; rice, 37.17%; lettuce, 35.13%; and formula, 30.72%. The absorptive apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of the control, lettuce, rice, and formula was 30-101 nm/s, 32-65 nm/s, 54-161 nm/s, and 41-88 nm/s, respectively. The results suggested that the risk from perchlorate was overestimated only when considering the content of perchlorate in foods and that the presence of food matrices reduced perchlorate bioavailability by differing degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Tian
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqiao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Fang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Chang WH, Chen HL, Lee CC. Dietary exposure assessment to perchlorate in the Taiwanese population: A risk assessment based on the probabilistic approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115486. [PMID: 32911335 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) that contaminate various foodstuffs. Exposure to perchlorate may cause severe health problems, mainly thyroid dysfunction. However, information on perchlorate contamination of consumer foods in Taiwan is limited. This study investigated perchlorate levels in 310 food samples belonging to 12 food groups collected from Taiwanese markets. A probabilistic risk assessment was conducted to assess the related exposure to Taiwanese people. Perchlorate was detected in 65% of the samples and high levels were identified in certain plant-origin, fruit, and processed food samples. A probabilistic approach was used to estimate daily dietary dose (Monte Carlo-estimated 95th percentile dietary exposure [MCS 95]) by using the Taiwan National Food Consumption database for 14 sex/age groups. The highest and lowest average daily doses (ADDs) were in the age groups of >65 years (MCS 95 = 3.60/3.90 [male/female] μg/kg bw/day) and 16-18 years (MCS 95 = 1.70/1.47 [M/F] μg/kg bw/day), respectively. The 95th percentile of the hazard index of exposure to perchlorate of all sex/age groups far exceeded the tolerable daily intake (0.3 μg/kg bw/day) and reference dose (0.7 μg/kg bw/day) set by the European Food Safety Authority and US EPA, respectively, but it was lower than the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (10 μg/kg bw/day) suggested by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. The intake quantity and concentrations of perchlorate from vegetables, fruits, and whole grains are the critical contributors for the ADDs and integrated risk of dietary exposure to perchlorate. Long-term exposure through diets should be considered, instead of focusing on individual EDC during dietary risk assessment in specific populations. Furthermore, cumulative risks for exposure to multiple contaminants, particularly those causing thyroid adverse effects, may be higher than that from perchlorate exposure alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Food Safety/ Hygiene and Risk Management, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan; Research Center of Environmental Trace Toxic Substances, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ling Chen
- Department of Food Safety/ Hygiene and Risk Management, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan; Research Center of Environmental Trace Toxic Substances, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chang Lee
- Research Center of Environmental Trace Toxic Substances, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan.
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Calderon R, Rajendiran K, U J K, Palma P, Arancibia-Miranda N, Silva-Moreno E, Corradini F. Sources and fates of perchlorate in soils in Chile: A case study of perchlorate dynamics in soil-crop systems using lettuce (Lactuca sativa) fields. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114682. [PMID: 32380400 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate occurs naturally in the environment in deposits of nitrate and can be formed in the atmosphere and precipitate into soil. However, little is known about the occurrence and levels of perchlorate in soils and fertilizers in Chile and its impacts on agricultural systems and food safety. In this study, concentrations of perchlorate were determined in 101 surface soils and 17 fertilizers [nitrogenous (n = 8), nitrogen-phosphorous-potassium (NPK; n = 3), phosphate (n = 2) and non-nitrogenous (n = 4)] collected across Chile from 2017 to 2018. Our results show that perchlorate was detected mainly in agricultural soils (mean: 0.32 ng g-1), grassland rotation sites (0.41 ngg-1) and urban locations (0.38 ng g-1). Interestingly, elevated concentrations of perchlorate (9.66 and 54.0 ng g-1) were found in agricultural soils. All fertilizers contained perchlorate: nitrogenous fertilizers (mean: 32.6 mg kg-1), NPK (mean: 12.6 mg kg-1), non-nitrogenous fertilizers (mean: 10.2 mg kg-1) and phosphates (mean: 11.5 mg kg-1). Only one type of nitrogenous fertilizer (KNO3: 95.3 mg kg-1) exceeded the international regulation limit (50 mg kg-1). For two agronomic practices, the content of perchlorate in lettuce increased as the fertilizer application rate increased, with fertigation promoting a more significant accumulation. However, the concentrations generally remained below regulatory values. Our results suggest that fertilizers constitute an important source of perchlorate in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Calderon
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Fabrica, 1990, Segundo Piso, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA La Platina, Santa Rosa, 11610, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Karthikraj Rajendiran
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY, 12201-0509, United States
| | - Kim U J
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY, 12201-0509, United States; Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Texas at Arlington, 500 Yates Street, Arlington, TX, 76019, United States
| | - P Palma
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública, Ambiental y Laboral, Servicio Regional Ministerial, Ministerio de Salud, Región Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile
| | - N Arancibia-Miranda
- Facultad de Química and Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Casilla 40, C.P. 33, Santiago, 9170022, Chile; Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CEDENNA, Santiago, 9170124, Chile
| | - E Silva-Moreno
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile; Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA La Platina, Santa Rosa, 11610, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Corradini
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands; Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA La Platina, Santa Rosa, 11610, Santiago, Chile
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Lisco G, De Tullio A, Giagulli VA, De Pergola G, Triggiani V. Interference on Iodine Uptake and Human Thyroid Function by Perchlorate-Contaminated Water and Food. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061669. [PMID: 32512711 PMCID: PMC7352877 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Perchlorate-induced natrium-iodide symporter (NIS) interference is a well-recognized thyroid disrupting mechanism. It is unclear, however, whether a chronic low-dose exposure to perchlorate delivered by food and drinks may cause thyroid dysfunction in the long term. Thus, the aim of this review was to overview and summarize literature results in order to clarify this issue. Methods: Authors searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, institutional websites and Google until April 2020 for relevant information about the fundamental mechanism of the thyroid NIS interference induced by orally consumed perchlorate compounds and its clinical consequences. Results: Food and drinking water should be considered relevant sources of perchlorate. Despite some controversies, cross-sectional studies demonstrated that perchlorate exposure affects thyroid hormone synthesis in infants, adolescents and adults, particularly in the case of underlying thyroid diseases and iodine insufficiency. An exaggerated exposure to perchlorate during pregnancy leads to a worse neurocognitive and behavioral development outcome in infants, regardless of maternal thyroid hormone levels. Discussion and conclusion: The effects of a chronic low-dose perchlorate exposure on thyroid homeostasis remain still unclear, leading to concerns especially for highly sensitive patients. Specific studies are needed to clarify this issue, aiming to better define strategies of detection and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lisco
- ASL Brindisi, Unit of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Clinical Nutrition, Hospital “A. Perrino”, Strada per Mesagne 7, 72100 Brindisi, Puglia, Italy;
| | - Anna De Tullio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine—Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Puglia, Italy; (A.D.T.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Vito Angelo Giagulli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine—Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Puglia, Italy; (A.D.T.); (V.A.G.)
- Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Conversano Hospital, Via Edmondo de Amicis 36, 70014 Conversano, Bari, Puglia, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Puglia, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine—Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Puglia, Italy; (A.D.T.); (V.A.G.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Calderón R, Palma P, Eltit K, Arancibia-Miranda N, Silva-Moreno E, Yu W. Field study on the uptake, accumulation and risk assessment of perchlorate in a soil-chard/spinach system: Impact of agronomic practices and fertilization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 719:137411. [PMID: 32145491 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The application of excessive fertilizer represents a primary source of entry for perchlorate into crop systems and thus has raised widespread concern regarding food safety. Several studies have reported the occurrence of perchlorate in vegetables. However, limited information is available on the fate of perchlorate in the soil-plant system. In this study, we performed field experiments to evaluate the effects of the application rate of Chilean nitrate fertilizer and the type of fertilization (manual or fertigation) on the uptake of perchlorate by plants grown in open fields. Interestingly, in the control, chard and spinach accumulated 21.3 and 25.9 μg kg-1, respectively. For both agronomic practices, the content of perchlorate in chard and spinach increased as the fertilizer application rate increased, with fertigation promoting more significant accumulations. Spinach accumulated almost two times more perchlorate than chard for all treatments; however, the concentrations generally remained below regulatory values. The intake of spinach and chard presented a low risk to human health for all age groups. These findings enhance our understanding of the environmental impact of the use of fertilizers in agriculture and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Calderón
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Fabrica 1990, Segundo Piso, Santiago, Chile.
| | - P Palma
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública, Ambiental y Laboral, Servicio Regional Ministerial, Ministerio de Salud, Región Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile
| | - K Eltit
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Departamento de Ingeniería Geográfica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador B. O'Higgins 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - N Arancibia-Miranda
- Facultad de Química and Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Casilla 40, C.P. 33, Santiago 9170022, Chile; Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CEDENNA, Santiago 9170124, Chile
| | - E Silva-Moreno
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile
| | - W Yu
- Facultad de Química and Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Casilla 40, C.P. 33, Santiago 9170022, Chile; Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, New York 12201-0509, United States
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26
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Liao Z, Cao D, Gao Z, Zhang S. Occurrence of perchlorate in processed foods manufactured in China. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Cao F, Jaunat J, Sturchio N, Cancès B, Morvan X, Devos A, Barbin V, Ollivier P. Worldwide occurrence and origin of perchlorate ion in waters: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 661:737-749. [PMID: 30684841 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate (ClO4-) is a persistent water soluble oxyanion of growing environmental interest. Perchlorate contamination can be a health concern due to its ability to disrupt the use of iodine by the thyroid gland and the production of metabolic hormones. Its widespread presence in surface water and groundwater makes the aquatic environment a potential source of perchlorate exposure. However, the amount of published data on perchlorate origins and water contamination worldwide remains spatially limited. Here, we present an overview of research on perchlorate origins and occurrences in water, and the methodology to distinguish the different perchlorate sources based on isotope analysis. All published ranges of isotopic content in perchlorate from different sources are presented, including naturally occurring and man-made perchlorate source types, as well as the effects of isotope fractionation that accompanies biodegradation processes. An example of a case study in France is presented to emphasize the need for further research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Cao
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne - GEGENAA - EA 3795, 2 esplanade Roland Garros, 51100 Reims, France.
| | - Jessy Jaunat
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne - GEGENAA - EA 3795, 2 esplanade Roland Garros, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Neil Sturchio
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Delaware, 255 Academy Street/103 Penny Hall, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Benjamin Cancès
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne - GEGENAA - EA 3795, 2 esplanade Roland Garros, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Xavier Morvan
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne - GEGENAA - EA 3795, 2 esplanade Roland Garros, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Alain Devos
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne - GEGENAA - EA 3795, 2 esplanade Roland Garros, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Vincent Barbin
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne - GEGENAA - EA 3795, 2 esplanade Roland Garros, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Patrick Ollivier
- BRGM, 3 av. C. Guillemin, BP 36009, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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28
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Dong H, Xiao K, Xian Y, Wu Y, Zhu L. A novel approach for simultaneous analysis of perchlorate (ClO4−) and bromate (BrO3−) in fruits and vegetables using modified QuEChERS combined with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2019; 270:196-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Vega M, Nerenberg R, Vargas IT. Perchlorate contamination in Chile: Legacy, challenges, and potential solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 164:316-326. [PMID: 29554623 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the unique situation of perchlorate contamination in Chile, including its sources, presence in environmental media and in the human population, and possible steps to mitigate its health impacts. Perchlorate is a ubiquitous water contaminant that inhibits thyroid function. Standards for drinking water range from 2 to 18 µg L-1 in United States and Europe. A major natural source of perchlorate contamination is Chile saltpeter, found in the Atacama Desert. High concentrations of perchlorate have presumably existed in this region, in soils, sediments, surface waters and groundwaters, for millions of years. As a result of this presence, and the use of Chile saltpeter as a nitrogen fertilizer, perchlorate in Chile has been found at concentrations as high as 1480 µg L-1 in drinking water, 140 µg/kg-1 in fruits, and 30 µg L-1 in wine. Health studies in Chile have shown concentrations of 100 µg L-1 in breast milk and 20 µg L-1 in neonatal serum. It is important to acknowledge perchlorate as a potential health concern in Chile, and assess mitigation strategies. A more thorough survey of perchlorate in Chilean soils, sediments, surface waters, groundwaters, and food products can help better assess the risks and potentially develop standards. Also, perchlorate treatment technologies should be more closely assessed for relevance to Chile. The Atacama Desert is a unique biogeochemical environment, with millions of years of perchlorate exposure, which can be mined for novel perchlorate-reducing microorganisms, potentially leading to new biological treatment processes for perchlorate-containing waters, brines, and fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Vega
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Science, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall of Engineering, South Bend, IN 46556, United States; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (CEDEUS), Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Robert Nerenberg
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Science, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall of Engineering, South Bend, IN 46556, United States
| | - Ignacio T Vargas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (CEDEUS), Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
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30
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Lee SY, McCarthy AM, Stohl H, Ibrahim S, Jeong C, Braverman LE, Ma W, He X, Mestman JH, Schuller KE, Jahreis KA, Pearce EN, Leung AM. Urinary Iodine, Perchlorate, and Thiocyanate Concentrations in U.S. Lactating Women. Thyroid 2017; 27:1574-1581. [PMID: 29130403 PMCID: PMC5734160 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iodine is an essential micronutrient for thyroid hormone production. Adequate iodine intake and normal thyroid function are important during early development, and breastfed infants rely on maternal iodine excreted in breast milk for their iodine nutrition. The proportion of women in the United States of childbearing age with urinary iodine concentration (UIC) <50 μg/L has been increasing, and a subset of lactating women may have inadequate iodine intake. UIC may also be influenced by environmental exposure to perchlorate and thiocyanate, competitive inhibitors of iodine transport into thyroid, and lactating mammary glands. Data regarding UIC in U.S. lactating women are limited. To adequately assess the iodine sufficiency of lactating women and potential associations with environmental perchlorate and thiocyanate exposure, we conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional study of urinary iodine, perchlorate, and thiocyanate concentrations in healthy U.S. lactating women. METHODS Lactating women ≥18 years of age were recruited from three U.S. geographic regions: California, Massachusetts, and Ohio/Illinois from November 2008 to June 2016. Demographic information and multivitamin supplements use were obtained. Iodine, perchlorate, and thiocyanate levels were measured from spot urine samples. Correlations between urinary iodine, perchlorate, and thiocyanate levels were determined using Spearman's rank correlation. Multivariable regression models were used to assess predictors of urinary iodine, perchlorate, and thiocyanate levels, and UIC <100 μg/L. RESULTS A total of 376 subjects (≥125 from each geographic region) were included in the final analyses [mean (SD) age 31.1 (5.6) years, 37% white, 31% black, and 11% Hispanic]. Seventy-seven percent used multivitamin supplements, 5% reported active cigarette smoking, and 45% were exclusively breastfeeding. Median urinary iodine, perchlorate, and thiocyanate concentrations were 143 μg/L, 3.1 μg/L, and 514 μg/L, respectively. One-third of women had UIC <100 μg/L. Spot urinary iodine, perchlorate, and thiocyanate levels all significantly positively correlated to each other. No significant predictors of UIC, UIC <100 μg/L, or urinary perchlorate levels were identified. Smoking, race/ethnicity, and marital status were significant predictors of urinary thiocyanate levels. CONCLUSION Lactating women in three U.S. geographic regions are iodine sufficient with an overall median UIC of 143 μg/L. Given ubiquitous exposure to perchlorate and thiocyanate, adequate iodine nutrition should be emphasized, along with consideration to decrease these exposures in lactating women to protect developing infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Y. Lee
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alicia M. McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Walnut Creek, California
| | - Hindi Stohl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sherrine Ibrahim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Christina Jeong
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lewis E. Braverman
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wendy Ma
- Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts
| | - Xuemei He
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jorge H. Mestman
- Department of Medicine and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kristin E. Schuller
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine A. Jahreis
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth N. Pearce
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Angela M. Leung
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
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Vijaya Nadaraja A, Pushpangadhan Saraswathy D, Cheruvathery Ravindran S, Mariya A, Godwin Russel J, Selvanesan P, Pereira B, Bhaskaran K. Spatio-temporal distribution of perchlorate and its toxicity in Hydrilla verticillata. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 144:490-497. [PMID: 28668764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The spatio-temporal distribution of perchlorate in water sources around an ammonium perchlorate production unit and its toxicity response on a dominant aquatic plant, Hydrilla verticillata are reported in this study. Samples (n=453) from ground water (open well) and surface water sources within 5km from the production unit over a period of 12 months (2014, June - 2015, May) were screened for ClO4-. During the period, ClO4-concentration in ground water samples close to the production unit increased to >40,000μg/L, and ClO4- was detected at 1740μg/L in well water 1.6km away from the production unit. A community pond in the area also showed an increase in ClO4- level up to 29,000μg/L. In all water sources, ClO4- level was maximum during the rainy season (July, monsoon). A natural degradation of ClO4- was not observed in the area as evident from its persistent level and spreading to more areas. H. verticillata, the dominant vegetation in the pond exhibited severe toxic response like massive decay and loss of photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll and carotene due to ClO4- exposure. The plant accumulated ClO4- up to 60±0.8mg/kg wet weight with a Bio-Concentration Factor 2.06±0.005. This is the first report on spatio-temporal distribution of ClO4- at higher levels in a natural environment and its toxicity response to plants under natural condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anie Mariya
- Environmental Technology, CSIR-NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram-19, India
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